A Guide To Philadelphia's 'Squares'

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granted -- but their presence, and persistence, is a monument to the genius of William Penn\u0027s design for a \"green country town.\"\nSquares 1:The names of Philadelphia\u0027s squares -- Rittenhouse, Washington, Logan and Franklin -- are well-known. How they got them is not.Listen to the podcast...\nPhiladelphia\u0027s street layout didn\u0027t happen by accident. William Penn\u0027s surveyor Thomas Holme drew up a grid pattern to allow for easy travel, and to keep houses separated by orchards and green spaces, in large part to prevent the spread of fire. But the best-laid plans of William Penn couldn\u0027t stop subdivision and the rise of the rowhouse. Some key elements have survived -- like the city\u0027s squares.\nFor more than a century they were known by their original, mundane names: Southeast, Northeast, Southwest, Northwest, and Center. Philadelphia History Museum historian Cindy Little says that changed in 1824, when the return of General Lafayette spurred a wave of patriotic fervor, and the squares got new names. Washington and Franklin need no introduction, but the other two might:\n\"James Logan, who was William Penn\u0027s representative in Pennsylvania when Penn returned to England, and also the head of the Supreme Courts at that time, a very influential person; and David Rittenhouse, who was a very prominent clockmaker and astronomer, and man-about-town involved in all sorts of civic activities. So you can see that choosing to give the squares a name really was a way to bring our history more forward.\"\nCenter Square, now taken up by the 800-pound architectural gorilla known as City Hall, appears to have kept its maiden name.\nSquares 2: Philadelphia\u0027s squares were designed to be welcoming havens -- but in the past, some of them were downright seedy.Listen to the podcast...\nPhiladelphia\u0027s squares weren\u0027t always the welcoming green spaces we see today. Although Rittenhouse Square seems to have survived the centuries with its dignity intact, the others weren\u0027t so lucky. Philadelphia History Museum historian Cindy Little:\n\"They were often used for running your animals. Many were used for burying strangers or poor people -- they were called potter\u0027s fields.\"\nRevolutionary war dead and yellow fever victims were buried in Washington Square. But its early history wasn\u0027t completely joyless -- the city\u0027s black community flocked to what was called Congo Square on holidays to picnic, sing, dance, and celebrate their heritage and the lives of those sleeping below.\nA respectable neighborhood grew up around Northeast Square -- later renamed for Ben Franklin. Part of it was used as a cemetery for the local German reformed church. But Little says that changed as residents moved north and industry moved in:\n\"That section becomes referred to as the tenderloin district. It becomes the forgotten square.\"\nCenter Square was used as a race course before the Revolution, when it became a campground for French troops and later, General Anthony Wayne. The city\u0027s first waterworks was built there -- a rather dignified use of public space. Little says the same can\u0027t be said for Northwest, later Logan, Square:\n\"Up until about 1823 that is where the public gallows was erected. And so if you wanted to go to a public hanging, you would go up to that area.\"\nThe last hanging, carried out in 1823, drew a huge crowd that left the square\u0027s trees and fences in sorry shape.\nSquares 3: Philadelphia\u0027s squares came into their own in the 20th century -- with one notable exception.Listen to the podcast...\nThe squares we know today are a far cry from their modest origins.\nWashington Square\u0027s transformation started in 1815; the 1957 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier bears, among others, the words, \"Freedom is a light for which many men have died in darkness\".\nIn 1901, Center Square disappeared under the weight of City hall -- which had taken 30 years to build.\nThe Rittenhouse Square we recognize today dates to 1913. The Philadelphia History Museum\u0027s Cindy Little says it, and Logan Square, owe their layout to a non-native source:\n\"It\u0027s the French influence.\"\nPaul Phillippe Cret, a French-born architect, designed Rittenhouse Square\u0027s current plan, featuring diagonal walkways meeting at an oval in the center. Cret also contributed to an even bigger transformation: the Ben Franklin Parkway.\nStarting in the 19th century, there was interest in trying to link Center City with Fairmount Park. Little says it took on greater urgency with the arrival and rise of the automobile:\n\"In the early 20th century, there were many ambitious plans afoot which resulted in the building of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, which opened in the 1920s. And the planners were using French models of the Grand Boulevard, the circles -- and I think it was also a way to break up the angularity of the original Penn plan. And so having a traffic circle was, in some way perhaps, easier to get that traffic flow going .\"\nThe square-turned-circle is anchored by the monumental Swann Fountain, its central native American figures representing the city\u0027s major streams -- the Wissahickon, the Schuylkill and the Delaware.\nFranklin Square had the most recent makeover in 2006 with the restoration of its 19th century fountain, and the addition of a miniature golf course, a burger stand, and a carousel recalling the city\u0027s days as the world\u0027s carousel-making capital.\nReported By Molly Daly"} </script><script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/philadelphia\/","name":"CBS 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aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-close"></use></svg></button> </figure><div class="container slug--a-guide-to-philadelphias-squares type--content-article"> <div class="row"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-8 "> <article id="article-0" data-index="0" data-path="/philadelphia/news/a-guide-to-philadelphias-squares/" class="content content-article lazyload"><div class="content__promo-image-wrapper" data-sort-time="1311627577000" data-update-time="1311627577000"></div> <div class="content__high-wrapper content__high-wrapper--is-show" id="article-header" data-sort-time="1311627577000" data-update-time="1311627577000"> <header class="content__header "><div class="item--asset-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/local-news?ftag=CNM-16-10abg0d" class="item--asset-label is-topic" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http="">Local News</a> </div> <h1 class="content__title ">A Guide To Philadelphia's 'Squares'</h1> <div class="content__meta-wrapper">  <a class="content__topic-link " href="https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http=""> <img width="60" height="60" class="content__show-logo" alt="philadelphia" src="/assets/show/philadelphia/logo-square-32.svg" loading="lazy"></a>  <p class="content__meta content__meta--timestamp "> <time datetime="2011-02-04T22:55:37-0500">February 4, 2011 / 10:55 PM EST</time> / CBS Philadelphia </p> <ul class="sharebar"><li class="sharebar__button-container sharebar__button-container--service "> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fphiladelphia%2Fnews%2Fa-guide-to-philadelphias-squares%2F" class="sharebar__button sharebar__button--type-facebook lazyload" title="facebook" target="_blank" data-component="popups" rel="noopener"> <svg viewbox="0 0 32 32" class="sharebar__icon sharebar__icon--facebook" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-social-facebook"></use></svg></a> </li> <li class="sharebar__button-container sharebar__button-container--service "> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?related=cbsnews,CBSPhiladelphia&via=CBSPhiladelphia&text=A%20Guide%20To%20Philadelphia%27s%20%27Squares%27&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fphiladelphia%2Fnews%2Fa-guide-to-philadelphias-squares%2F" class="sharebar__button sharebar__button--type-twitter lazyload" title="twitter" target="_blank" data-component="popups" rel="noopener"> <svg viewbox="0 0 32 32" class="sharebar__icon sharebar__icon--twitter" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-social-twitter"></use></svg></a> </li> <li class="sharebar__button-container sharebar__button-container--service "> <a href="https://share.flipboard.com/bookmarklet/popout?v=2&utm_source=www.cbsnews.com&utm_medium=article-share&utm_campaign=tools&title=A%20Guide%20To%20Philadelphia%27s%20%27Squares%27&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fphiladelphia%2Fnews%2Fa-guide-to-philadelphias-squares%2F" class="sharebar__button sharebar__button--type-flipboard lazyload" title="flipboard" target="_blank" data-component="popups" rel="noopener"> <svg viewbox="0 0 32 32" class="sharebar__icon sharebar__icon--flipboard" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-social-flipboard"></use></svg></a> </li> </ul></div> </header></div> <section class="content__body"><p>It's easy to take Philadelphia's squares for granted -- but their presence, and persistence, is a monument to the genius of William Penn's design for a "green country town."</p> <p><strong>Squares 1:The names of Philadelphia's squares -- Rittenhouse, Washington, Logan and Franklin -- are well-known. How they got them is not.</strong><br><em>Listen to the podcast...</em><br></p> <p>Philadelphia's street layout didn't happen by accident. William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme drew up a grid pattern to allow for easy travel, and to keep houses separated by orchards and green spaces, in large part to prevent the spread of fire. But the best-laid plans of William Penn couldn't stop subdivision and the rise of the rowhouse. Some key elements have survived -- like the city's squares.</p> <p>For more than a century they were known by their original, mundane names: Southeast, Northeast, Southwest, Northwest, and Center. Philadelphia History Museum historian Cindy Little says that changed in 1824, when the return of General Lafayette spurred a wave of patriotic fervor, and the squares got new names. Washington and Franklin need no introduction, but the other two might:</p> <p>"James Logan, who was William Penn's representative in Pennsylvania when Penn returned to England, and also the head of the Supreme Courts at that time, a very influential person; and David Rittenhouse, who was a very prominent clockmaker and astronomer, and man-about-town involved in all sorts of civic activities. So you can see that choosing to give the squares a name really was a way to bring our history more forward."</p> <div id="mpu-plus-outstream-middle" data-ad="mpu-plus-outstream-middle" class="ad-mpu-plus-outstream-middle ad-wrapper " data-ad-unit='"mpu-plus-outstream-middle"'> </div> <p>Center Square, now taken up by the 800-pound architectural gorilla known as City Hall, appears to have kept its maiden name.</p> <p><strong>Squares 2: Philadelphia's squares were designed to be welcoming havens -- but in the past, some of them were downright seedy.</strong><br><em>Listen to the podcast...</em><br></p> <p>Philadelphia's squares weren't always the welcoming green spaces we see today. Although Rittenhouse Square seems to have survived the centuries with its dignity intact, the others weren't so lucky. Philadelphia History Museum historian Cindy Little:</p> <p>"They were often used for running your animals. Many were used for burying strangers or poor people -- they were called potter's fields."</p> <div id="leader-plus-inc3" data-ad="leader-plus-inc" class="ad-leader-plus-inc ad-wrapper " data-ad-unit='["leader-plus-inc",3]'> </div> <p>Revolutionary war dead and yellow fever victims were buried in Washington Square. But its early history wasn't completely joyless -- the city's black community flocked to what was called Congo Square on holidays to picnic, sing, dance, and celebrate their heritage and the lives of those sleeping below.</p> <p>A respectable neighborhood grew up around Northeast Square -- later renamed for Ben Franklin. Part of it was used as a cemetery for the local German reformed church. But Little says that changed as residents moved north and industry moved in:</p> <p>"That section becomes referred to as the tenderloin district. It becomes the forgotten square."</p> <p>Center Square was used as a race course before the Revolution, when it became a campground for French troops and later, General Anthony Wayne. The city's first waterworks was built there -- a rather dignified use of public space. Little says the same can't be said for Northwest, later Logan, Square:</p> <p>"Up until about 1823 that is where the public gallows was erected. And so if you wanted to go to a public hanging, you would go up to that area."</p> <p>The last hanging, carried out in 1823, drew a huge crowd that left the square's trees and fences in sorry shape.</p> <p><strong>Squares 3: Philadelphia's squares came into their own in the 20th century -- with one notable exception.</strong><br><em>Listen to the podcast...</em><br></p> <div id="leader-plus-inc4" data-ad="leader-plus-inc" class="ad-leader-plus-inc ad-wrapper " data-ad-unit='["leader-plus-inc",4]'> </div> <p>The squares we know today are a far cry from their modest origins.</p> <p>Washington Square's transformation started in 1815; the 1957 Tomb of the Unknown Soldier bears, among others, the words, "Freedom is a light for which many men have died in darkness".</p> <p>In 1901, Center Square disappeared under the weight of City hall -- which had taken 30 years to build.</p> <p>The Rittenhouse Square we recognize today dates to 1913. The Philadelphia History Museum's Cindy Little says it, and Logan Square, owe their layout to a non-native source:</p> <p>"It's the French influence."</p> <p>Paul Phillippe Cret, a French-born architect, designed Rittenhouse Square's current plan, featuring diagonal walkways meeting at an oval in the center. Cret also contributed to an even bigger transformation: the Ben Franklin Parkway.</p> <p>Starting in the 19th century, there was interest in trying to link Center City with Fairmount Park. Little says it took on greater urgency with the arrival and rise of the automobile:</p> <div id="leader-plus-inc5" data-ad="leader-plus-inc" class="ad-leader-plus-inc ad-wrapper " data-ad-unit='["leader-plus-inc",5]'> </div> <p>"In the early 20th century, there were many ambitious plans afoot which resulted in the building of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, which opened in the 1920s. And the planners were using French models of the Grand Boulevard, the circles -- and I think it was also a way to break up the angularity of the original Penn plan. And so having a traffic circle was, in some way perhaps, easier to get that traffic flow going ."</p> <p>The square-turned-circle is anchored by the monumental Swann Fountain, its central native American figures representing the city's major streams -- the Wissahickon, the Schuylkill and the Delaware.</p> <p>Franklin Square had the most recent makeover in 2006 with the restoration of its 19th century fountain, and the addition of a miniature golf course, a burger stand, and a carousel recalling the city's days as the world's carousel-making capital.</p> <p><strong>Reported By Molly Daly</strong></p>  <aside class="component list recirculation component--type-recirculation "><div class="component__heading-wrapper"> <h3 class="component__title">More from CBS News</h3> </div> <div class="component__item-wrapper"> <div class="item" id="inline-recirc-item--id-0"> <a class="item__anchor" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/septa-bus-assault-december-2024/?intcid=CNR-02-0623" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http=""> <span class="img item__thumb item__thumb--crop-0"><img src="https://assets3.cbsnewsstatic.com/hub/i/r/2025/02/25/ec980904-1a0f-4495-8b97-5a4e7d09cf9a/thumbnail/1200x630/4beaf539f8d5f84b57b33e826d12271c/aggravated-assault-2023-fairmount-ave-dc-24-09-121568.jpg?v=78c95795a48cecb960a56aa16b9fa6dd#" alt=" " layout="fill" height="90" width="140"></span> <div class="item__title-wrapper"> <span class="item__hed"> 5 suspects wanted for assaulting woman on SEPTA bus in Philly, police say</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="item" id="inline-recirc-item--id-2"> <a class="item__anchor" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/philadelphia-police-officer-east-germantown/?intcid=CNR-02-0623" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http=""> <span class="img item__thumb item__thumb--crop-0"><img src="https://assets1.cbsnewsstatic.com/hub/i/r/2025/02/25/96f33c47-f3c6-4f74-9e03-0db333cf99a2/thumbnail/1200x630/624a2760d2438f4b210f2cd05d008086/goldner-mechanic-st-vo-02252025-frame-50.jpg?v=78c95795a48cecb960a56aa16b9fa6dd#" alt=" " layout="fill" height="90" width="140"></span> <div class="item__title-wrapper"> <span class="item__hed"> Driver fires shot at officer after traffic stop, chase in East Germantown</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="item" id="inline-recirc-item--id-3"> <a class="item__anchor" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/west-philadelphia-teen-shot-52nd-street/?intcid=CNR-02-0623" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http=""> <span class="img item__thumb item__thumb--crop-0"><img src="https://assets1.cbsnewsstatic.com/hub/i/r/2025/02/25/9ec07b5b-67c4-484d-9987-1579c1aedb58/thumbnail/1200x630/7d62a628af693f02ddf0d57f9cfb0f5d/17pkg-ds-52nd-market-shooting-transfer-frame-700.jpg?v=78c95795a48cecb960a56aa16b9fa6dd#" alt=" " layout="fill" height="90" width="140"></span> <div class="item__title-wrapper"> <span class="item__hed"> Teen shot in the back in West Philadelphia; 2 in custody, police say</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="item" id="inline-recirc-item--id-4"> <a class="item__anchor" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/summer-lifeguard-jobs-philadelphia/?intcid=CNR-02-0623" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http=""> <span class="img item__thumb item__thumb--crop-0"><img src="https://assets2.cbsnewsstatic.com/hub/i/r/2021/07/09/c22de93e-3a4b-41f4-998f-74afc45f808f/thumbnail/1200x630/69355fe855e1c4da054feafb8396d8d3/lifeguard.jpeg?v=78c95795a48cecb960a56aa16b9fa6dd#" alt=" " layout="fill" height="90" width="140"></span> <div class="item__title-wrapper"> <span class="item__hed"> Looking for a summer job? 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A Guide To Philadelphia's 'Squares' - CBS Philadelphia