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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-O_Sistema_de_Transmissão_NTSC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O_Sistema_de_Transmissão_NTSC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>O Sistema de Transmissão NTSC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O_Sistema_de_Transmissão_NTSC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fases_de_Sinais_no_NTSC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fases_de_Sinais_no_NTSC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fases de Sinais no NTSC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fases_de_Sinais_no_NTSC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fases_de_Q_e_I_no_NTSC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fases_de_Q_e_I_no_NTSC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fases de Q e I no NTSC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fases_de_Q_e_I_no_NTSC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estágios_de_Cor_no_NTSC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estágios_de_Cor_no_NTSC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Estágios de Cor no NTSC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estágios_de_Cor_no_NTSC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">NTSC</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 50 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="إن تي إس سي — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إن تي إس سي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milli_Televiziya_Standartlar%C4%B1_Komit%C9%99si_(AB%C5%9E)" title="Milli Televiziya Standartları Komitəsi (ABŞ) — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Milli Televiziya Standartları Komitəsi (ABŞ)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="এনটিএসসি — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এনটিএসসি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ان‌تی‌اس‌سی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ان‌تی‌اس‌سی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Television_System_Committee" title="National Television System Committee — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Television System Committee" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="एनटीएससी — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एनटीएससी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಎನ್ ಟಿ ಎಸ್ ಸಿ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎನ್ ಟಿ ಎಸ್ ಸಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Television_Standards_Committee" title="National Television Standards Committee — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Television Standards Committee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="என்டிஎஸ்சி — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="என்டிஎஸ்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5" title="เอ็นทีเอสซี — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็นทีเอสซี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="NTSC" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC%E5%88%B6%E5%BC%8F" title="NTSC制式 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="NTSC制式" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC%E5%88%B6%E5%BC%8F" title="NTSC制式 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="NTSC制式" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185796#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:NTSC" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NTSC"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/NTSC"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/NTSC" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/NTSC" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&oldid=60296211" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=NTSC&id=60296211&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNTSC"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNTSC"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=NTSC"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=NTSC&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185796" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68971778">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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.tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Sem_fontes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/40px-Question_book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/60px-Question_book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/80px-Question_book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo <b>não cita <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">fontes confiáveis</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">inserir referências</a>. Conteúdo não <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">verificável</a> pode ser removido.—<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=NTSC">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=NTSC&oq=NTSC">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=NTSC">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=NTSC">A</a>)</span></small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Julho de 2019</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:PAL-NTSC-SECAM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PAL-NTSC-SECAM.svg/400px-PAL-NTSC-SECAM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PAL-NTSC-SECAM.svg/600px-PAL-NTSC-SECAM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/PAL-NTSC-SECAM.svg/800px-PAL-NTSC-SECAM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Sistema de codificação televisiva por nações. Países usando o sistema <font style="color:green;">NTSC</font> são mostrados em verde. (século XX)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>NTSC</b> é o sistema de televisão analógico em uso nos <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>, na maioria dos países da América (o Brasil, com sistema padrão <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>, é uma das exceções que não utilizam esse sistema), em alguns países do leste asiático e também utilizado na reprodução em DVDs players. Recebeu o nome do <b>National Television System(s) Committee</b> (Comitê Nacional do(s) Sistema(s) de Televisão), a organização representativa do setor, responsável pela criação deste padrão. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="O_Sistema_de_Transmissão_NTSC"><span id="O_Sistema_de_Transmiss.C3.A3o_NTSC"></span>O Sistema de Transmissão NTSC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: O Sistema de Transmissão NTSC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: O Sistema de Transmissão NTSC"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O sistema NTSC fornece 525 linhas e 29,97 <a href="/wiki/Fotograma" title="Fotograma">fotogramas</a> por segundo. Esses 29,97 <a href="/wiki/Fotograma" title="Fotograma">fotogramas</a> de vídeo por segundo são formados por 59,94 campos de vídeo por segundo. O sistema de 59,94 campos do padrão NTSC baseia-se no ciclo de 60Hz do sistema elétrico utilizado nos países que usam esse sistema. Já nos países onde o sistema elétrico tem ciclos de 50 Hz, foi preciso desenvolver ou adotar sistemas de televisão compatíveis, isto é, de 50 campos por segundo. O NTSC tem uma relação de aspecto de 4:3. A exibição das imagens é feita por <a href="/wiki/Varredura_entrela%C3%A7ada" title="Varredura entrelaçada">varredura entrelaçada</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fases_de_Sinais_no_NTSC">Fases de Sinais no NTSC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Fases de Sinais no NTSC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Fases de Sinais no NTSC"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No NTSC-M a crominância é transmitida em 3,579545 MHz acima da portadora de vídeo (no PAL-M 3,575611 MHz). O burst tem fase fixa em 180º,(R-Y) em 90º (ambos não fazem alternância de fase linha a linha como no sistema PAL) e (B-Y) em 0º. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fases_de_Q_e_I_no_NTSC">Fases de Q e I no NTSC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Fases de Q e I no NTSC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Fases de Q e I no NTSC"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Embora o receptor separe a crominância em (R-Y) e (B-Y), a transmissão usa como componentes de cor Q e I, que são obtidas das combinações: Q= 21%R - 52%G + 31%B e I= 60%R - 28%G - 32%B. Apesar desta diferença de componentes na transmissão, o mesmo demodulador (B-Y)/(R-Y) conseguirá demodular Q e I, isso porque nos dois pares há 90º de defasagem entre as componentes. Quanto às demais características (número de linhas, sincronismo horizontal e sincronismo vertical e etc.) são iguais no NTSC e no PAL-M. Entretanto, em outros padrões como no PAL-N, há diferenças. A desigualdade deriva do padrão (M, N, G) e não do sistema (NTSC, PAL). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estágios_de_Cor_no_NTSC"><span id="Est.C3.A1gios_de_Cor_no_NTSC"></span>Estágios de Cor no NTSC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Estágios de Cor no NTSC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Estágios de Cor no NTSC"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O sinal de crominância é injetado diretamente nos demoduladores (B-Y) e (R-Y). Para a demodulação basta o sincronismo com a portadora 3,58 MHz fornecida pelo oscilador, defasada 90º para (R-Y) e sem defasagem para (B-Y). A saída dos demoduladores é (B-Y) e (R-Y) na faixa de 0 a 0,5 MHz, sem qualquer problema de alternância. O separador de burst filtra o burst durante o apagamento horizontal, enviando-o para o AFPC (Automatic Frequency and Phase Control - Controle Automático de Frequência e Fase), sincronizando o oscilador a 3,58 MHz com o burst. Ainda no AFPC é gerada para o inibidor uma tensão indicativa da presença ou não de burst, para transmissão a cores ou preto e branco. De acordo com esta tensão o inibidor corta o amplificador de crominância (transmissão preto e branco), ou não (transmissão a cores). O CAG (Controle Automático de Ganho) recebe uma amostra do burst e de acordo com sua amplitude altera o ganho do amplificador de crominância, estabilizando o nível do sinal amplificado. Como a <a href="/wiki/Matiz" title="Matiz">matiz</a> das cores no NTSC é muito instável, sendo facilmente alterado por interferência na transmissão, os receptores deste sistema dispõem de um controle acessível ao telespectador (Controle de Cor) que corrige a fase do oscilador com 3,58 MHz. </p><p><br /> O sistema PAL foi criado para resolver o problema da variação de cor do sistema NTSC. Algumas pessoas interpretavam a sigla como significando<i> <b>N</b>ever <b>T</b>wice the <b>S</b>ame <b>C</b>olor</i> (<i>Nunca a mesma cor duas vezes</i>), questionando a qualidade e a estabilidade do sistema em relação ao sistema <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTSC&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dot_crawl" title="Dot crawl">Dot crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAL-N" title="PAL-N">PAL-N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_da_introdu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_televis%C3%A3o_em_cores_por_pa%C3%ADs" title="Lista da introdução da televisão em cores por país">Lista da introdução da televisão em cores por país</a></li></ul> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Eight-colour-wheel-2D.png" title="Portal das cores"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Eight-colour-wheel-2D.png/25px-Eight-colour-wheel-2D.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Eight-colour-wheel-2D.png/38px-Eight-colour-wheel-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Eight-colour-wheel-2D.png/50px-Eight-colour-wheel-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1099" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cores" title="Portal:Cores">Portal das cores</a></span></span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NTSC&oldid=60296211">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NTSC&oldid=60296211</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Hist%C3%B3ria_da_televis%C3%A3o" title="Categoria:História da televisão">História da televisão</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Formatos_de_v%C3%ADdeo" title="Categoria:Formatos de vídeo">Formatos de vídeo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Terminologia_televisiva" title="Categoria:Terminologia televisiva">Terminologia televisiva</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Sistemas_de_cores" title="Categoria:Sistemas de cores">Sistemas de cores</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_fontes_desde_julho_de_2019" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de fontes desde julho de 2019">!Artigos que carecem de fontes desde julho de 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_fontes_sem_indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_tema" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de fontes sem indicação de tema">!Artigos que carecem de fontes sem indicação de tema</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 18h27min de 23 de janeiro de 2021.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. 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