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skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">F</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/F" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:F" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=F" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-viewsource" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=F&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.viewsource" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--editLock"></span> <span>View source</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/F_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="F (disambiguation)">F (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">long s</a>, ſ.</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint selfref">For <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">technical reasons</a>, terms beginning with "F#" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/F-sharp_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="F-sharp (disambiguation)">F-sharp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuccbois" title="Fuccbois"><i>Fuccbois</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fu@K_I_Love_U" title="Fu@K I Love U"><i>Fu@K I Love U</i></a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>F</b>, or <b>f</b>, is the sixth <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> and many modern alphabets influenced by it, including the <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">modern English alphabet</a> and the alphabets of all other modern western European languages. Its name in English is <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet#Letter_names" title="English alphabet"><i>ef</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>), and the plural is <i>efs</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightblue; color:black;;">F</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal">F f</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_letter_F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Latin_letter_F.svg/220px-Latin_letter_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Latin_letter_F.svg/330px-Latin_letter_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Latin_letter_F.svg/440px-Latin_letter_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Usage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabetic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound values</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1190286162">.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em ul,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li{min-width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{min-width:2.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd ul{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-abcd li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;min-width:1.57em;padding:0}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span>~<a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">h</a>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">xʷ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span>]</li><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>U+0046 U+0066</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alphabetical position</th><td class="infobox-data">6<br><b>Numerical value:</b> 6, 15</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Development</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T3.png?1f391" height="38" title="T3" alt="T3"></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticW-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waw"><img alt="Waw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianW-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/20px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/30px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/40px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_waw.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Waw"><img alt="Waw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phoenician_waw.svg/20px-Phoenician_waw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phoenician_waw.svg/30px-Phoenician_waw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phoenician_waw.svg/40px-Phoenician_waw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85"></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">Ϝ ϝ ϛ</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%85" class="mw-redirect" title="𐌅">𐌅</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>F f</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time period</th><td class="infobox-data">~−700 to present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descendants</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḟ">Ḟ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%82%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="₣">₣</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="℉">℉</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ꟻ">ꟻ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%AC%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ꬵ">ꬵ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%9D%86%91" class="mw-redirect" title="𝆑">𝆑</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sisters</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C6%B1" title="Ʊ">Ʊ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%CF%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ϝ">Ϝ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">У</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Ў">Ў</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ұ">Ұ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">Υ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)"><span>ו</span>, <span>וּ</span>, <span>וֹ</span>, <span>ﻭ</span>, <span>ۋ</span>, <span>ܘ</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A0%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ࠅ">ࠅ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="𐎆">𐎆</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="𐌖">𐌖</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:Վ">Վ</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%BE" class="extiw" title="wikt:վ">վ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ո">Ո</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:ո">ո</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ւ">Ւ</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D6%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ւ">ւ</a></li><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D6%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:և">և</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transliterations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1190286162"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightblue; color:black; font-variant/style: ;">Other</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated graphs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs#F" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">f(x)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated numbers</th><td class="infobox-data">6, 15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Writing direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Use_in_writing_systems"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Use in writing systems</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#English"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">English</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Other_languages"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other languages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Other_systems"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Other systems</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Other_uses"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Other uses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Related_characters"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Related characters</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancestors, descendants and siblings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Ligatures_and_abbreviations"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ligatures and abbreviations</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Other_representations"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Other representations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Computing"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Computing</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Other"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Proto-Sinaitic </th> <th>Phoenician<br><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">waw</a> </th> <th>Western Greek<br><a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">Digamma</a> </th> <th>Etruscan<br>V or W </th> <th>Latin<br>F </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticW-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/60px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Proto-semiticW-01.svg/80px-Proto-semiticW-01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianW-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/40px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/40px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/60px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/PhoenicianW-01.svg/80px-PhoenicianW-01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Digamma_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Greek_Digamma_02.svg/40px-Greek_Digamma_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="49" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="43" data-file-height="53"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 49px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Greek_Digamma_02.svg/40px-Greek_Digamma_02.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="49" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Greek_Digamma_02.svg/60px-Greek_Digamma_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Greek_Digamma_02.svg/80px-Greek_Digamma_02.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanF-01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanF-01.svg/30px-EtruscanF-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="180"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 42px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanF-01.svg/30px-EtruscanF-01.svg.png" data-width="30" data-height="42" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanF-01.svg/45px-EtruscanF-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanF-01.svg/60px-EtruscanF-01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin F"><noscript><img alt="Latin F" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg/17px-Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="55"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg/17px-Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg.png" data-alt="Latin F" data-width="17" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg/26px-Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg/35px-Capitalis_monumentalis_F.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> The origin of 'F' is the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_alphabet#Semitic_alphabet" title="History of the alphabet">Semitic</a> letter <i><a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">waw</a></i> that represented a sound like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>. Graphically it probably originally depicted either a hook or a club. It may have been based on a comparable <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hieroglyph">Egyptian hieroglyph</a> such as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_hieroglyphs_by_common_name:_M-Z#M" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Egyptian hieroglyphs by common name: M-Z">that which represented the word <i>mace</i></a> (transliterated as ḥ(dj)): </p><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T3.png?1f391" height="38" title="T3" alt="T3"></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> form of the letter was adopted into Greek as a vowel, <i><a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a></i> (which resembled its descendant '<a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a>' but was also the ancestor of the Roman letters '<a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a>', '<a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a>', and '<a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a>'); and, with another form, as a consonant, <i><a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">digamma</a></i>, which indicated the pronunciation <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>, as in Phoenician. Latin 'F,' despite being pronounced differently, is ultimately descended from <a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">digamma</a> and closely resembles it in form. </p><p>After sound changes eliminated <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> from spoken Greek, <i><a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">digamma</a></i> was used only as a numeral. However, the Greek alphabet also gave rise to other alphabets, and some of these retained letters descended from digamma. In the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan alphabet</a>, 'F' probably represented <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>, as in Greek, and the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscans</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraph</a> 'FH' to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>. (At the time these letters were borrowed, there was no Greek letter that represented /f/: the Greek letter <a href="/wiki/Phi" title="Phi">phi</a> 'Φ' then represented an aspirated <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">voiceless bilabial plosive</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p<sup>h</sup>/</span>, although in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a> it has come to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>.) When the Romans adopted the alphabet, they used 'V' (from Greek <i><a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a></i>) not only for the vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span>, but also for the corresponding semivowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span>, leaving 'F' available for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>. And so out of the various <i>vav</i> variants in the Mediterranean world, the letter F entered the Roman alphabet attached to a sound which the Greeks did not have. The Roman alphabet forms the basis of the alphabet used today for English and many other languages. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowercase">lowercase</a> 'f' is not related to the visually similar <a href="/wiki/Long_s" title="Long s">long s</a>, 'ſ' (or <a href="/wiki/Medial_s" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial s">medial s</a>). The use of the <i>long s</i> largely died out by the beginning of the 19th century, mostly to prevent confusion with 'f' when using a short mid-bar. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Use_in_writing_systems">Use in writing systems</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Pronunciation of <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> by language </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Orthography </th> <th>Phonemes </th></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>) </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span>, silent </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">German</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">Portuguese</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">Spanish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">the English writing system</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> is used to represent the sound <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>, the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">voiceless labiodental fricative</a>. It is often doubled at the end of words. Exceptionally, it represents the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">voiced labiodental fricative</a> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>/</a></span></span> in the common word "of" and its derivatives. </p><p>F is the <a href="/wiki/Letter_frequency" title="Letter frequency">eleventh least frequently used letter</a> in the English language (after <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a>, <a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a>, <a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a>, <a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a>), with a frequency of about 2.23% in words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_languages">Other languages</h3></div> <p>In the writing systems of other languages, <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> commonly represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span>. </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French orthography</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> is used to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>. It may also be silent at the end of words.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">Spanish orthography</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> is used to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">Esperanto orthography</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> is used to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> is used to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸ]</span>. This sound is usually considered to be an <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span>, which is pronounced in different ways depending upon its context; Japanese <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> is pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸ]</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Welsh_orthography" title="Welsh orthography">Welsh orthography</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/v/</span> while <span class="nowrap">⟨ff⟩</span> represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic language">Slavic languages</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> is used primarily in words of foreign (Hellenic, Romance, or Germanic) origin.</li> <li>In spoken <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>, <span class="nowrap">⟨f⟩</span> in the middle of a word is often voiced to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> (e.g., Að sofa – to sleep).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_systems">Other systems</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> uses ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">f</span>⟩ to represent the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">voiceless labiodental fricative</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/F_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="F (disambiguation)">F (disambiguation)</a></div> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> (base 16) numbering system, F is a number that corresponds to the number 15 in <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a> (base 10) counting.</li> <li>The italic letter <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> is conventionally used to denote an arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Function_(mathematics)" title="Function (mathematics)">function</a>. Closely on <a href="/wiki/F_with_hook" class="mw-redirect" title="F with hook">f with hook</a> (ƒ).</li> <li>A bold italic letter <span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><i><b>f</b></i></span> is used in <a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Dynamics_(music)" title="Dynamics (music)">dynamic indicator</a> for "loud or strong". It stands for the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> word <i>forte</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvard_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vtf_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vtf-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In countries such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the letter "F" is defined as a failure in terms of <a href="/wiki/Academic_grading_in_the_United_States" title="Academic grading in the United States">academic evaluation</a>. Other countries that use this system include Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the Netherlands.</li> <li>The letter F has become an <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a>, where it is <a href="/wiki/Press_F_to_pay_respects" title="Press F to pay respects">used to pay respects</a>. This use is derived from the 2014 video game <i><a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_Advanced_Warfare" title="Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare">Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare</a></i>, where in a quick-time event, protagonist Jack Mitchell must pay his respects to his friend Will Irons who fell in combat in a previous mission, represented by the player pressing F when playing the PC version. People on the Internet use the letter F sometimes in a genuine way to express respect, sadness, or condolences towards other Internet personalities, Internet memes, or other players on certain events.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Related_characters">Related characters</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestors,_descendants_and_siblings"><span id="Ancestors.2C_descendants_and_siblings"></span>Ancestors, descendants and siblings</h3></div> <ul><li>F with <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C6%91" title="Ƒ">Ƒ ƒ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dot_(diacritic)" title="Dot (diacritic)">Ḟ ḟ</a></li> <li>ᵮ <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B6%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ᶂ">ᶂ</a><sup id="cite_ref-L204132_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L204132-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ꞙ ꞙ : F with stroke is used in the <a href="/wiki/Anthropos_(journal)" title="Anthropos (journal)">Anthropos</a> phonetic transcription system<sup id="cite_ref-L211202_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L211202-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and older <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Orthography" title="Ewe language">Ewe writing</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>ꬵ : Lenis F is used in the <a href="/wiki/Teuthonista" title="Teuthonista">Teuthonista</a> phonetic transcription system<sup id="cite_ref-L211202_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L211202-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><sup>f</sup>: Superscript "f", encoded as <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+1DA0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">ᶠ</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MODIFIER LETTER SMALL F</span> in the <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_Extensions_Supplement" title="Phonetic Extensions Supplement">Phonetic Extensions Supplement</a> block of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, is used in some forms of the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-L204132_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L204132-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ꜰ : Small capital F was used in the Icelandic <a href="/wiki/First_Grammatical_Treatise" title="First Grammatical Treatise">First Grammatical Treatise</a> to mark <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">gemination</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ꟳ : Modifier letter capital F<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – Used to mark tone for the <a href="/wiki/Chatino_language" title="Chatino language">Chatino</a> orthography in Oaxaca, Mexico; Used as a generic transcription for a falling tone; used in para-<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> notation.</li> <li>Ꝼ ꝼ : <a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a> F is used in Norse and Old English contexts<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ꟻ : Reversed F was used in ancient Roman texts to stand for <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">filia</i></span> (daughter) or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">femina</i></span> (woman)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ⅎ ⅎ : <a href="/wiki/Claudian_letters" title="Claudian letters">Claudian letters</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>𐤅: <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Semitic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Waw_(letter)" title="Waw (letter)">Waw</a>, from which the following symbols originally derive: <ul><li>Ϝ ϝ : <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">Digamma</a>, from which F derives: <ul><li>𐌅 : <a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Italic script">Old Italic</a> V/F (originally used for V, in languages such as Etruscan and Oscan), which derives from Greek Digamma, and is the ancestor of modern Latin F</li> <li>Y y : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a>, sharing its roots with F</li> <li>V v : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a>, also sharing its roots with F <ul><li>U u : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a>, which is descended from V</li> <li>W w : Latin letter <a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a>, also descended from V</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligatures_and_abbreviations">Ligatures and abbreviations</h3></div> <ul><li>₣ : <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">French franc</a>, Latin capital letter F with stroke</li> <li>℉ : <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">degree Fahrenheit</a></li> <li>F : <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a>, a chemical element uses the symbol F</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Other_representations">Other representations</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computing">Computing <span class="anchor" id="Computing_codes"></span></h3></div> <p>These are the <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code points</a> for the forms of the letter in various systems: </p> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">F</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">f</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">Ｆ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ｆ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061632564">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">LATIN SMALL LETTER F </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER F </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>U+0046</td> <td>102</td> <td>U+0066</td> <td>65318</td> <td>U+FF26</td> <td>65350</td> <td>U+FF46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>46</td> <td>102</td> <td>66</td> <td>239 188 166</td> <td>EF BC A6</td> <td>239 189 134</td> <td>EF BD 86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#70;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x46;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#102;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#x66;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#65318;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#xFF26;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#65350;<wbr></wbr></td> <td>&#xFF46;<wbr></wbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> family</td> <td>198</td> <td>C6</td> <td>134</td> <td>86</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>70</td> <td>46</td> <td>102</td> <td>66</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <div style="width: 500px;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; line-height:1.3em; padding:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/NATO_spelling_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO spelling alphabet">NATO phonetic</a> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; line-height: 100%; font-size:150%"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;">Foxtrot<br><i style="font-size:75%"></i> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; font-size: large;"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion nounderlines"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/63\/F_morse_code.ogg\/F_morse_code.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span style=\"font-family: monospace; font-size: 40%; vertical-align: 1.5ex; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&#160;&#160;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#9604;&#9604;&#160;&#9604;&#160;<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"F morse code.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/F_morse_code.ogg/F_morse_code.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 40%; vertical-align: 1.5ex; white-space: pre-wrap;"> ▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ </span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:F_morse_code.ogg" title="File:F morse code.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 80px;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Foxtrot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Foxtrot.svg/75px-ICS_Foxtrot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 75px;height: 75px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Foxtrot.svg/75px-ICS_Foxtrot.svg.png" data-width="75" data-height="75" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Foxtrot.svg/113px-ICS_Foxtrot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/ICS_Foxtrot.svg/150px-ICS_Foxtrot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg/90px-Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 75px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg/90px-Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg.png" data-width="90" data-height="75" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg/135px-Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg/180px-Semaphore_Foxtrot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_language_F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sign_language_F.svg/90px-Sign_language_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="495"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sign_language_F.svg/90px-Sign_language_F.svg.png" data-width="90" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sign_language_F.svg/135px-Sign_language_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sign_language_F.svg/180px-Sign_language_F.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSL_letter_F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BSL_letter_F.svg/90px-BSL_letter_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 60px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BSL_letter_F.svg/90px-BSL_letter_F.svg.png" data-width="90" data-height="60" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BSL_letter_F.svg/135px-BSL_letter_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BSL_letter_F.svg/180px-BSL_letter_F.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_F6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠋"><noscript><img alt="⠋" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/77px-Braille_F6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 77px;height: 108px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/77px-Braille_F6.svg.png" data-alt="⠋" data-width="77" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/116px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/154px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Signal flag</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/American_manual_alphabet" title="American manual alphabet">American manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a> <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/British_manual_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="British manual alphabet">British manual alphabet</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">BSL</a> <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>) </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/Braille_pattern_dots-124" title="Braille pattern dots-124">Braille dots-124</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English Braille</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spelled <i>eff</i> when used as a verb.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"F", <i>Oxford English Dictionary,</i> 2nd edition (1989); "ef", "eff", "bee" (under "bee eff"), <i>op. cit.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvard-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvard_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRandel2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Don_Michael_Randel" title="Don Michael Randel">Randel, Don Michael</a> (2003). <i>The Harvard Dictionary of Music</i> (4th ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Reference Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Harvard+Dictionary+of+Music&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press+Reference+Library&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Randel&rft.aufirst=Don+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vtf-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vtf_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020105236/http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textf/Forte.html">"Forte"</a>. <i>Virginia Tech Multimedia Music Dictionary</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textf/Forte.html">the original</a> on 20 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Tech+Multimedia+Music+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Forte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.music.vt.edu%2Fmusicdictionary%2Ftextf%2FForte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/press-f-to-pay-respects">"Press F to pay respects"</a>. <i>Know Your Meme</i>. 20 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Know+Your+Meme&rft.atitle=Press+F+to+pay+respects&rft.date=2014-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowyourmeme.com%2Fmemes%2Fpress-f-to-pay-respects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstable2003" class="citation web cs1">Constable, Peter (2003-09-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf">"L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F03-174R2%3A+Proposal+to+Encode+Phonetic+Symbols+with+Middle+Tilde+in+the+UCS&rft.date=2003-09-30&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2003%2F03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L204132-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L204132_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L204132_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstable2004" class="citation web cs1">Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">"L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F04-132+Proposal+to+add+additional+phonetic+characters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2004-04-19&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L211202-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L211202_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L211202_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonDicklbergerPentzlinWandl-Vogt2011" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11202-n4081-teuthonista.pdf">"L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F11-202%3A+Revised+proposal+to+encode+%22Teuthonista%22+phonetic+characters+in+the+UCS&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Dicklberger%2C+Alois&rft.au=Pentzlin%2C+Karl&rft.au=Wandl-Vogt%2C+Eveline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2011%2F11202-n4081-teuthonista.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeepe1928" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heepe, Martin (1928). <i>Lautzeichen und ihre Anwendung in verschiedenen Sprachgebieten</i> (in German). Berlin: Reichsdruckerei.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lautzeichen+und+ihre+Anwendung+in+verschiedenen+Sprachgebieten&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Reichsdruckerei&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Heepe&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA720.pdf">"Latin Extended-D"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latin+Extended-D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FUA720.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEversonBakerEmilianoGrammel2006" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael; Baker, Peter; Emiliano, António; Grammel, Florian; Haugen, Odd Einar; Luft, Diana; Pedro, Susana; Schumacher, Gerd; Stötzner, Andreas (2006-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06027-n3027-medieval.pdf">"L2/06-027: Proposal to add Medievalist characters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F06-027%3A+Proposal+to+add+Medievalist+characters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2006-01-30&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Baker%2C+Peter&rft.au=Emiliano%2C+Ant%C3%B3nio&rft.au=Grammel%2C+Florian&rft.au=Haugen%2C+Odd+Einar&rft.au=Luft%2C+Diana&rft.au=Pedro%2C+Susana&rft.au=Schumacher%2C+Gerd&rft.au=St%C3%B6tzner%2C+Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2006%2F06027-n3027-medieval.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerCornelius2020" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Kirk; Cornelius, Craig (2020-09-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20251-mod-latin.pdf">"L2/20-251: Unicode request for modifier Latin capital letters"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F20-251%3A+Unicode+request+for+modifier+Latin+capital+letters&rft.date=2020-09-25&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft.au=Cornelius%2C+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2020%2F20251-mod-latin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2006" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf">"L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F06-266%3A+Proposal+to+add+Latin+letters+and+a+Greek+symbol+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2006-08-06&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2006%2F06266-n3122-insular.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2006" class="citation web cs1">Perry, David J. (2006-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06269-add-roman.pdf">"L2/06-269: Proposal to Add Additional Ancient Roman Characters to UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F06-269%3A+Proposal+to+Add+Additional+Ancient+Roman+Characters+to+UCS&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2006%2F06269-add-roman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2005" class="citation web cs1">Everson, Michael (2005-08-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05193r2-n2960r2-claudian.pdf">"L2/05-193R2: Proposal to add Claudian Latin letters to the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F05-193R2%3A+Proposal+to+add+Claudian+Latin+letters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2005-08-12&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2005%2F05193r2-n2960r2-claudian.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AF" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Remsense" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729581513"> <span>Last edited on 22 October 2024, at 07:18</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="F (літара) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="F (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="F (літара) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="F (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(lizherenn)" title="F (lizherenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="F (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(lettre)" title="F (lettre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="F (lettre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="F үзг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="F үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="F (լատինական) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="F (լատինական)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(t%C3%AEp)" title="F (tîp) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="F (tîp)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="എഫ് (ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് അക്ഷരം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എഫ് (ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് അക്ഷരം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC)" title="အက်ဖ် (အက္ခရာ) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်ဖ် (အက္ခရာ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(letter)" title="F (letter) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="F (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(buksteew)" title="F (buksteew) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="F (buksteew)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="F (латин тиште) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="F (латин тиште)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(lotin)" title="F (lotin) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="F (lotin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਐਫ਼ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਫ਼ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(lat%C4%B1n)" title="F (latın) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="F (latın)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(alifbeet)" title="F (alifbeet) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="F (alifbeet)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="F (слово латинице) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="F (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(Askkil)" title="F (Askkil) – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="F (Askkil)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="F (латиниця) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="F (латиниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/F" title="F – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="F" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 07:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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