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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="صليب أرثوذكسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صليب أرثوذكسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6" title="Васьміканцовы крыж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Васьміканцовы крыж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslavn%C3%BD_k%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Pravoslavný kříž – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pravoslavný kříž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisch-orthodoxes_Kreuz" title="Russisch-orthodoxes Kreuz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russisch-orthodoxes Kreuz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz_ortodoxa" title="Cruz ortodoxa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cruz ortodoxa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="صلیب ارتدکس روسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صلیب ارتدکس روسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croix_orthodoxe" title="Croix orthodoxe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croix orthodoxe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C_%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80" title="러시아 정교회 십자가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아 정교회 십자가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslavni_kri%C5%BE" title="Pravoslavni križ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pravoslavni križ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salib_Ortodoks_Rusia" title="Salib Ortodoks Rusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Salib Ortodoks Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croce_ortodossa_russa" title="Croce ortodossa russa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Croce ortodossa russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მართლმადიდებლური ჯვარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მართლმადიდებლური ჯვარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_kereszt" title="Orthodox kereszt – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orthodox kereszt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Руски православен крст – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Руски православен крст" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="الصليب الارثوذكسى الروسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الصليب الارثوذكسى الروسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodoxe_kruis" title="Orthodoxe kruis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orthodoxe kruis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E6%9E%B6" title="八端十字架 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="八端十字架" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk-ortodokst_kors" title="Russisk-ortodokst kors – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russisk-ortodokst kors" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzy%C5%BC_prawos%C5%82awny" title="Krzyż prawosławny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krzyż prawosławny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz_ortodoxa_russa" title="Cruz ortodoxa russa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cruz ortodoxa russa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruce_ortodox%C4%83_rus%C4%83" title="Cruce ortodoxă rusă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cruce ortodoxă rusă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Русский православный крест – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Русский православный крест" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Православни крст – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Православни крст" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortodoxt_kors" title="Ortodoxt kors – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ortodoxt kors" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="மரபுவழி திருச்சபைச் சிலுவை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரபுவழி திருச்சபைச் சிலுவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" title="Московський хрест – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Московський хрест" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97" title="正教會十字 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="正教會十字" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1706350#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Russian_cross_(religion)" title="Russian cross (religion)">Russian cross (religion)</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:10px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cross_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_01.svg/100px-Cross_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cross_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_01.svg/150px-Cross_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Cross_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_01.svg/200px-Cross_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><div style="text-align:center"> <b>Orthodox cross</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Russian_cross.svg/100px-Russian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Russian_cross.svg/150px-Russian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Russian_cross.svg/200px-Russian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b><a href="/wiki/Russian_cross_(religion)" title="Russian cross (religion)">Russian cross</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Greek_cross.svg/100px-Greek_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Greek_cross.svg/150px-Greek_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Greek_cross.svg/200px-Greek_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><div style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek cross</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_cross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Serbian_cross.jpg/100px-Serbian_cross.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Serbian_cross.jpg/150px-Serbian_cross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Serbian_cross.jpg/200px-Serbian_cross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><div style="text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cross" title="Serbian cross">Serbian cross</a></b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Russian Orthodox Cross</b> (or just the <b>Orthodox Cross</b> by some <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodoxy">Russian Orthodox</a> traditions)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a variation of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a> since the 16th century in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, although it bears some similarity to a cross with a bottom crossbeam slanted the other way (upwards) found since the 6th century in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. The Russian Orthodox cross has three horizontal crossbeams, with the lowest one slanted downwards. Today it is a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-liungman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liungman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gundyaev_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gundyaev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fescyn_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fescyn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a distinctive feature of the cultural landscape of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-dubianieckaja_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubianieckaja-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other names for the symbol include the <i>Russian cross</i>, and <i>Slavonic</i> or <i>Suppedaneum cross</i>. </p><p>The earliest cross with a slanted footstool (pointing upwards, unlike the Russian cross) was introduced in the 6th century before the <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">break between Catholic and Orthodox churches</a>, and was used in Byzantine frescoes, arts, and crafts. In 1551 during the canonical isolation of the Russian Orthodox Church, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prince of Moscow">Grand Prince of Moscow</a>, first used this cross, with the footstool tilted the other way, on the domes of churches.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this time, it started to be depicted on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Russian state coat of arms</a> and military banners. In the second half of the 19th century, this cross was promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in the former <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> as a symbol of its <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> policy.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One variant known as the Russian cross has only two horizontal crossbeams with the lower one slanted;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> another is the cross over <a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescent</a> variant.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens1891_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens1891-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JSAMES1993_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSAMES1993-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunter2016_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Russian sources distinguish the Russian Orthodox cross from the Orthodox cross.<sup id="cite_ref-pravmir.ru_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pravmir.ru-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> the symbol (☦) is denoted as <i>Orthodox cross</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_emblems_for_headstones_and_markers" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs emblems for headstones and markers">USVA</a> headstone emblem is called <i>Russian Orthodox cross</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Orthodox_cross&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to many sources<sup id="cite_ref-liungman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liungman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the name of the three beam slanted cross is Russian (Orthodox) cross (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">русский православный крест</span><sup id="cite_ref-gundyaev_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gundyaev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Sometimes it is also called the Byzantine cross.<sup id="cite_ref-becker_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-becker-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, "Byzantine cross" is also the name for a <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a> with outwardly spreading ends, as it was the most common cruciform in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Other crosses (<a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_cross" title="Patriarchal cross">patriarchal cross</a>, Russian Orthodox cross, etc.) are sometimes denominated as Byzantine crosses, as they also were used in Byzantine culture. </p><p>Sometimes it is also called just Orthodox cross.<sup id="cite_ref-chwalkowski_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chwalkowski-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time the various Orthodox churches use different crosses, and any of them may be called an "Orthodox cross".<sup id="cite_ref-pravmir.ru_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pravmir.ru-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, there are no crosses universally acknowledged as "Orthodox" or "Catholic": each type is a feature of local tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-dubianieckaja_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubianieckaja-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cross has also been referred to as the "Eastern Cross", and "has a special place in Ukrainian religious life" and has been used by Ukrainian Orthodox and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Byzantine Catholic churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, this particular cross is dates back to <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>, and is used by Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meaning">Meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Orthodox_cross&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_over_Crescent,_Plevna_Chapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cross_over_Crescent%2C_Plevna_Chapel.jpg/200px-Cross_over_Crescent%2C_Plevna_Chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cross_over_Crescent%2C_Plevna_Chapel.jpg/300px-Cross_over_Crescent%2C_Plevna_Chapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Cross_over_Crescent%2C_Plevna_Chapel.jpg/400px-Cross_over_Crescent%2C_Plevna_Chapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="890" /></a><figcaption>Cross over Crescent variation of the Orthodox Cross at the <a href="/wiki/Plevna_Chapel" title="Plevna Chapel">Plevna Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Golgotha_cross.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Russian_Golgotha_cross.png" decoding="async" width="179" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Calvary variant of Russian Orthodox Cross</figcaption></figure> <p>The topmost of the three crossbeams represents Pilate's inscription which in the older <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> tradition is "The King of Glory", based on John's Gospel; but in later images it represents <a href="/wiki/INRI" class="mw-redirect" title="INRI"><abbr title="Latin: Iēsus Nazarēnus, Rēx Iūdaeōrum "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews"">INRI</abbr></a>. The middle crossbeam is the main bar to which the victim's <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">hands are fixed</a>, while the bottom crossbeam represents the footrest which prolongs the torture. In many depictions, the side to Christ's right is higher, slanting upward toward the penitent thief <a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">St. Dismas</a>, who was crucified on Jesus' right, but downward toward impenitent thief <a href="/wiki/Gestas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestas">Gestas</a>, who mocked Christ on the cross <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/bible/luk023.htm">(Luke 23:39–43)</a>. Their names are preserved not in the Gospels, but in the apocryphal tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-fescyn_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fescyn-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jaremenko_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaremenko-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a common perception that the foot-rest points up, toward Heaven, on Christ's right hand-side, and downward, to Hell, on Christ's left. The cross is often depicted in icons "of the crucifixion in historic Byzantine style".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One variation of the Russian Cross is the 'Cross over Crescent', which is sometimes accompanied by "Gabriel perched on the top of the Cross blowing his trumpet."<sup id="cite_ref-Stevens1891_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevens1891-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunter2016_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Didier Chaudet, in the academic journal <i><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia-Caucasus_Institute" title="Central Asia-Caucasus Institute">China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly</a></i>, writes that an "emblem of the Orthodox Church is a cross on top on a crescent. It is said that this symbol was devised by <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Ivan_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Ivan IV">Ivan the Terrible</a>, after the conquest of the city of <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, as a symbol of the victory of Christianity over Islam through his soldiers".<sup id="cite_ref-Chaudet_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaudet-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JSAMES1993_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JSAMES1993-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunter2016_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another variation is the monastic <i>Calvary Cross</i>, in which the cross is situated atop the hill of <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a>, its slopes symbolized by steps. To the viewer's left is the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Holy Lance</a>, with which Jesus was wounded in his side, and to the right, the pole topped by a <a href="/wiki/Ezov" title="Ezov">hyssop</a> sponge with which he was given vinegar. Under Calvary are <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Skull_and_crossbones_(symbol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skull and crossbones (symbol)">skull and bones</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-McGuckin_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGuckin-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the right-arm bone is usually above the left one, and believers fold their arms across their chests in this way during Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">communion</a>. Around the cross are abbreviations in <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1113239643">.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT","Vilnius",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Glag{font-family:Shafarik,"Menaion Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode",Vikidemia,Bukyvede,FreeSerif,Ja,Unicode5,"TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Noto Sans Glagolitic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}</style><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ЦР҃Ь СЛ҃ВЫ</span> — «Царь Славы», Lord of Glory; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">ІС҃ ХС҃</span> - Иисус Христос, Jesus Christ; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1113239643"><span title="Slavonic" class="script-Cyrs">СН҃Ъ БЖ҃ІЙ</span> — «Сын Божий» Son of God; НИКА - Victor; К - копьё, spear; Т - трость, pole (with a sponge); М Л Р Б — «место лобное рай бысть» "place of execution is paradise", Г Г — «гора Голгофа» "mount Golgotha" (Calvary), Г А — «глава Адамова» "Adam's head". This type of cross is usually embroidered on a <a href="/wiki/Schema-monk" class="mw-redirect" title="Schema-monk">schema-monk</a>'s robe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_usage">Current usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Orthodox_cross&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Russian (Orthodox) cross is widely used by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, and has been widely adopted in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Polish Orthodox</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church">Czech and Slovak Orthodox</a> Churches, which received their <a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">autonomous status</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Moscow">Patriarch of Moscow</a> in 1948 and 1951 respectively. It is also sometimes used by the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> (e.g. in the <a href="/wiki/American_Carpatho-Russian_Orthodox_Diocese" title="American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese">American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese</a>). "Though commonly associated with the Russian Orthodox Church, this [cross] is found also in the Greek and Serbian Orthodox churches" and is also used by <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Rite Catholic Churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This cross is also found in Byzantine frescoes in churches now belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox</a> churches.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also the Cross is used by the AIPCA churches in Kenya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Orthodox_cross&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The slanted cross with three horizontal crossbeams existed already in the 6th century, long before the <a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a>. However, it was used only in church paintings, arts and crafts, and never on church domes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are old frescoes depicting this type of cross in the regions of modern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. One Byzantine icon featuring the three-bar cross, with the slanted crossbeam for the feet of Christ, is an 11th century mosaic of the resurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three-bar cross "existed very early in Byzantium, but was adopted by the Russian Orthodox Church and especially popularized in Slavic countries."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the 15th century this cross started to be widely used in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Muscovy</a> when its rulers declared themselves the "<a href="/wiki/Third_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Rome">Third Rome</a>", successors of Byzantium and defenders of Orthodoxy.<sup id="cite_ref-hnidec_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnidec-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1551 at the council of the canonically isolated Russian Orthodox Church, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prince of Moscow">Grand Prince of Moscow</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible" title="Ivan the Terrible">Ivan the Terrible</a> decided to standardize the cross on Russian church domes to distinguish Muscovy from the "<a href="/wiki/Metropolitanate_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitanate of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_Euphrosyne" title="Cross of Saint Euphrosyne">Polack cross</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-biely_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biely-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first time the Russian Orthodox Cross was used on church domes. During 1577–1625, the Russian Orthodox cross was depicted between the heads of a <a href="/wiki/Double-headed_eagle" title="Double-headed eagle">double-headed eagle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">coat of arms of Russia</a>. It was drawn on military banners until the end of the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1654, the Moscow council, erasing the vestiges of the canonical isolation of 1448–1589, coordinated Russian Orthodox liturgy with that of other Orthodox churches.<sup id="cite_ref-eiu_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eiu-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this council, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Nikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Nikon">Patriarch Nikon</a> ordered the use of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek cross</a> instead of Russian Orthodox cross. These reforms provoked the <a href="/wiki/Raskol" class="mw-redirect" title="Raskol">Raskol</a> schism.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Replacement of the Russian Orthodox cross by Greek cross was caused by Russian disrespect for the second one.<sup id="cite_ref-RK147_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RK147-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon, however, the Russian Orthodox Church began to use the Russian Orthodox cross again. According to the Metropolitan of Ryazan and Murom Stefan, the Russian Orthodox cross was worn by <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I (Russia)">Czar Peter I</a><sup id="cite_ref-hnidec_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hnidec-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1672–1725), who transformed the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Patriarchate">Moscow Patriarchate</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Most_Holy_Synod" title="Most Holy Synod">Most Holy Synod</a>. </p><p>In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Russian Orthodox cross was promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> as a part of <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification policies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jaremenko_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaremenko-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scerbakivskyj_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scerbakivskyj-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, the Russian Orthodox Church replaced many traditional Greek Orthodox crosses in Belarus with Russian Orthodox crosses.<sup id="cite_ref-dubianieckaja_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubianieckaja-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests that it was understood as an nationalist Russian symbol rather than a religious Orthodox one.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Russian Orthodox cross is depicted on emblems of several Russian ultra-nationalist organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth" title="Brotherhood of Russian Truth">Brotherhood of Russian Truth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Orthodox_cross&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Kulikovo_17th_century_miniature.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 17th-century miniature of the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). A warrior bears a red banner with a cross."><img alt="A 17th-century miniature of the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). A warrior bears a red banner with a cross." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Battle_of_Kulikovo_17th_century_miniature.jpg/102px-Battle_of_Kulikovo_17th_century_miniature.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Battle_of_Kulikovo_17th_century_miniature.jpg/153px-Battle_of_Kulikovo_17th_century_miniature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Battle_of_Kulikovo_17th_century_miniature.jpg/203px-Battle_of_Kulikovo_17th_century_miniature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1179" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 17th-century miniature of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kulikovo" title="Battle of Kulikovo">Battle of Kulikovo</a> (1380). A warrior bears a red banner with a cross.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Russia_1577.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Russia from the seal of Ivan IV (the Terrible), 1577"><img alt="Coat of arms of Russia from the seal of Ivan IV (the Terrible), 1577" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_Arms_of_Russia_1577.png/92px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Russia_1577.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_Arms_of_Russia_1577.png/139px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Russia_1577.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Coat_of_Arms_of_Russia_1577.png/185px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Russia_1577.png 2x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="335" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Coat of arms of Russia</a> from the seal of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan IV">Ivan IV</a> (the Terrible), 1577</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia03.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Russia from the seal of Fyodor I, 1589"><img alt="Coat of arms of Russia from the seal of Fyodor I, 1589" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Russia03.gif/100px-Russia03.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Russia03.gif/150px-Russia03.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Russia03.gif/200px-Russia03.gif 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms of Russia from the seal of <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor I">Fyodor I</a>, 1589</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:01_130_Book_illustrations_of_Historical_description_of_the_clothes_and_weapons_of_Russian_troops.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian military flag, 1696–1699"><img alt="Russian military flag, 1696–1699" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/01_130_Book_illustrations_of_Historical_description_of_the_clothes_and_weapons_of_Russian_troops.jpg/98px-01_130_Book_illustrations_of_Historical_description_of_the_clothes_and_weapons_of_Russian_troops.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/01_130_Book_illustrations_of_Historical_description_of_the_clothes_and_weapons_of_Russian_troops.jpg/147px-01_130_Book_illustrations_of_Historical_description_of_the_clothes_and_weapons_of_Russian_troops.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/01_130_Book_illustrations_of_Historical_description_of_the_clothes_and_weapons_of_Russian_troops.jpg/196px-01_130_Book_illustrations_of_Historical_description_of_the_clothes_and_weapons_of_Russian_troops.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian military flag, 1696–1699</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_1706_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian military flag, 1706"><img alt="Russian military flag, 1706" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_1706_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/75px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_1706_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_1706_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/113px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_1706_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_1706_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/151px-%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_1706_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian military flag, 1706</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orth_Kreuz.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="A copper cross typical for Old believers"><img alt="A copper cross typical for Old believers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Orth_Kreuz.gif/64px-Orth_Kreuz.gif" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Orth_Kreuz.gif/97px-Orth_Kreuz.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Orth_Kreuz.gif/129px-Orth_Kreuz.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A copper cross typical for <a href="/wiki/Old_believers" class="mw-redirect" title="Old believers">Old believers</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthodox_priest_cross.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A cross of a Russian Orthodox priest"><img alt="A cross of a Russian Orthodox priest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Orthodox_priest_cross.png/90px-Orthodox_priest_cross.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Orthodox_priest_cross.png/135px-Orthodox_priest_cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Orthodox_priest_cross.png/180px-Orthodox_priest_cross.png 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cross of a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a> priest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_True_Cross._Saint_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A modern memorial to Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia"><img alt="A modern memorial to Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/The_True_Cross._Saint_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg/120px-The_True_Cross._Saint_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/The_True_Cross._Saint_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg/180px-The_True_Cross._Saint_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/The_True_Cross._Saint_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg/240px-The_True_Cross._Saint_Cyril_and_Methodius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A modern memorial to Ss. <a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khanty-Mansiysk" title="Khanty-Mansiysk">Khanty-Mansiysk</a>, Russia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_FULL.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Moscow Oblast, 2005"><img alt="Coat of arms of Moscow Oblast, 2005" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_FULL.svg/89px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_FULL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_FULL.svg/134px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_FULL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_FULL.svg/179px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_FULL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast">Moscow Oblast</a>, 2005</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Perm Krai, 2007"><img alt="Coat of arms of Perm Krai, 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg/64px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg/96px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg/127px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Perm_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm Krai</a>, 2007</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglise_notre_dame_de_l_assomption_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery, the resting place of many eminent Russian émigrés"><img alt="Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery, the resting place of many eminent Russian émigrés" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eglise_notre_dame_de_l_assomption_7.jpg/120px-Eglise_notre_dame_de_l_assomption_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eglise_notre_dame_de_l_assomption_7.jpg/180px-Eglise_notre_dame_de_l_assomption_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Eglise_notre_dame_de_l_assomption_7.jpg/240px-Eglise_notre_dame_de_l_assomption_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve-des-Bois_Russian_Cemetery" title="Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery">Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery</a>, the resting place of many eminent Russian émigrés</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_13_-_Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Ducha_-_ENE_-_Widok_-_v-W.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Białystok (Poland): Crosses on the domes of the Church of the Holy Spirit"><img alt="Białystok (Poland): Crosses on the domes of the Church of the Holy Spirit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_13_-_Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Ducha_-_ENE_-_Widok_-_v-W.jpg/90px-Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_13_-_Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Ducha_-_ENE_-_Widok_-_v-W.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_13_-_Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Ducha_-_ENE_-_Widok_-_v-W.jpg/135px-Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_13_-_Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Ducha_-_ENE_-_Widok_-_v-W.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_13_-_Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Ducha_-_ENE_-_Widok_-_v-W.jpg/180px-Podlaskie_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Bia%C5%82ystok_-_Antoniuk_Fabryczny_13_-_Cerkiew_%C5%9Bw._Ducha_-_ENE_-_Widok_-_v-W.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> (Poland): Crosses on the domes of the Church of the Holy Spirit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_the_Saviour_Orthodox_Cathedral_-_Johnstown,_Pennsylvania_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johnstown, Pennsylvania: Christ the Saviour Cathedral of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese (under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)"><img alt="Johnstown, Pennsylvania: Christ the Saviour Cathedral of the American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese (under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Christ_the_Saviour_Orthodox_Cathedral_-_Johnstown%2C_Pennsylvania_05.jpg/90px-Christ_the_Saviour_Orthodox_Cathedral_-_Johnstown%2C_Pennsylvania_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Christ_the_Saviour_Orthodox_Cathedral_-_Johnstown%2C_Pennsylvania_05.jpg/135px-Christ_the_Saviour_Orthodox_Cathedral_-_Johnstown%2C_Pennsylvania_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Christ_the_Saviour_Orthodox_Cathedral_-_Johnstown%2C_Pennsylvania_05.jpg/180px-Christ_the_Saviour_Orthodox_Cathedral_-_Johnstown%2C_Pennsylvania_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Johnstown,_Pennsylvania" title="Johnstown, Pennsylvania">Johnstown, Pennsylvania</a>: Christ the Saviour Cathedral of the <a href="/wiki/American_Carpatho-Russian_Orthodox_Diocese" title="American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese">American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese</a> (under the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Svidnik_pravoslavny_kriz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Svidník (Slovakia): Cross in front of a church"><img alt="Svidník (Slovakia): Cross in front of a church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Svidnik_pravoslavny_kriz.jpg/76px-Svidnik_pravoslavny_kriz.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Svidnik_pravoslavny_kriz.jpg/114px-Svidnik_pravoslavny_kriz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Svidnik_pravoslavny_kriz.jpg/152px-Svidnik_pravoslavny_kriz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="3733" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Svidn%C3%ADk" title="Svidník">Svidník</a> (Slovakia): Cross in front of a church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Brotherhood of Russian Truth"><img alt="Flag of the Brotherhood of Russian Truth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth.png/120px-Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth.png/180px-Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth.png/240px-Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth.png 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Russian_Truth" title="Brotherhood of Russian Truth">Brotherhood of Russian Truth</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_National_Unity_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of RNU"><img alt="Flag of RNU" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Russian_National_Unity_Flag.svg/120px-Russian_National_Unity_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Russian_National_Unity_Flag.svg/180px-Russian_National_Unity_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Russian_National_Unity_Flag.svg/240px-Russian_National_Unity_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="266" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">RNU</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USVA_headstone_emb-05.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="USVA Headstone Emblem 5 "Russian Orthodox cross""><img alt="USVA Headstone Emblem 5 "Russian Orthodox cross"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/USVA_headstone_emb-05.svg/112px-USVA_headstone_emb-05.svg.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/USVA_headstone_emb-05.svg/168px-USVA_headstone_emb-05.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/USVA_headstone_emb-05.svg/224px-USVA_headstone_emb-05.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_emblems_for_headstones_and_markers" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs emblems for headstones and markers">USVA</a> Headstone Emblem<span class="nowrap"> </span>5 "Russian Orthodox cross"</div> </li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Eastern Orthodoxy">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)"><img alt="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/140px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/210px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/280px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="2900" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Christ Pantocrator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Overview</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of theology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Church history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Sacrament">Holy Mysteries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">View of salvation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">View of Mary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#Eastern_Orthodox_teaching" title="Icon">View of icons</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension<br />of Jesus</a></div></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four Marks of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clergy#Orthodoxy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Eastern_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Eastern Orthodox Church)">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Orthodox Church)">Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Eastern_Catholicism" title="Deacon">Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christian_monasticism#Byzantine_monasticism" title="Eastern Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism" title="Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism">Degrees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_brotherhood" title="Orthodox brotherhood">Bratstvo</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephalous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion: <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Lands and Slovakia</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches <i>de jure</i>: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">North Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine (OCU)</a></li></ul> <p>Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukraine (UOC)</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">Autonomous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Apostolic_Orthodox_Church" title="Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church">Estonia (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Japan (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">China (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_the_Americas" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of the Americas">Americas (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabia (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_and_All_Moldova" title="Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova">Moldova (MP)</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Semi-Autonomous: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Crete (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Moscow_Patriarchate" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate">Estonia (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">ROCOR (MP)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Episcopal assemblies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Australia,_New_Zealand,_and_Oceania" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania">Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Belgium,_Holland,_and_Luxembourg" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg">Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Canada" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_France" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Germany" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Italy_and_Malta" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta">Italy and Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Latin_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Scandinavia" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Spain and Portugal">Spain and Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America">United States of America</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Noncanonical jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="True Orthodoxy">True Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_Church" title="Catacomb Church">Catacomb Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Orthodox_Catholic_Church" title="American Orthodox Catholic Church">American Orthodox Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_World_Patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="American World Patriarchs">American World Patriarchs</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Churches_that_are_unrecognized" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">National</a> churches:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Orthodox_Church" title="Abkhazian Orthodox Church">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Italy" title="Orthodox Church in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Orthodox_Church" title="Latvian Orthodox Church">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Orthodox_Churches_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Orthodox Churches in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Orthodox Church">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate">UOC–KP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Orthodox_Church" title="Evangelical Orthodox Church">Evangelical Orthodox</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First Seven Ecumenical Councils</a>:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Seventh</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other possible ecumenical councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fifth Council of Constantinople">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other important councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jassy" title="Synod of Jassy">Jassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moscow_Synod" title="Great Moscow Synod">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constantinople_(1872)" title="Council of Constantinople (1872)">Constantinople (1872)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianization of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Christianization of Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li> <li>Moscow–Constantinople schism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th%E2%80%9316th_century_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism">15th–16th c.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of Eastern Orthodox theology</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology_in_the_20th_century" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century">20th century (Neo-Palamism)</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Contemplative prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence%E2%80%93energies_distinction" title="Essence–energies distinction">Essence vs. Energies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metousiosis" title="Metousiosis">Metousiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepsis" title="Nepsis">Nepsis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Economy_(religion)" title="Economy (religion)">Oikonomia</a></i> vs <i><a href="/wiki/Akribeia" title="Akribeia">Akribeia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ousia" title="Ousia">Ousia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamism" title="Palamism">Palamism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philokalia" title="Philokalia">Philokalia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronema" title="Phronema">Phronema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_view_of_sin" title="Eastern Orthodox view of sin">Sin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">Theosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_differences_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church">Differences from the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_teaching_regarding_the_Filioque" title="Eastern Orthodox teaching regarding the Filioque">Opposition to the Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Opposition to papal supremacy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy and worship</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Divine Services</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akathist" title="Akathist">Akathist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolytikion" title="Apolytikion">Apolytikion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectenia" title="Ectenia">Ectenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">Holy Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">Kontakion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)" title="Entrance (liturgical)">Liturgical entrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_fan_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical fan in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Liturgical fans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lity_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lity in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Lity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_service_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Memorial service in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Memorial service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Eternal" title="Memory Eternal">Memory Eternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">Omophorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowing_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox bowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Marriage in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxis_(Byzantine_Rite)" title="Praxis (Byzantine Rite)">Praxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraklesis" title="Paraklesis">Paraklesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Paschal greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Paschal troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rope" title="Prayer rope">Prayer rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphora" title="Prosphora">Prosphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_bell_ringing" title="Russian Orthodox bell ringing">Russian bell ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantron" title="Semantron">Semantron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticheron" title="Sticheron">Sticheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment#Byzantine_Rite" title="Vestment">Vestments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible#Byzantine_Rite" title="Thurible">Use of incense</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Liturgical calendar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_cycle" title="Paschal cycle">Paschal cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_feasts_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church">12 Great Feasts</a></li> <li>Other feasts:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Orthodoxy" title="Feast of Orthodoxy">Feast of Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_the_Theotokos" title="Intercession of the Theotokos">Intercession of the Theotokos</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>The four fasting periods:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a> Fast</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_the_Studite" title="Theodore the Studite">Theodore the Studite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassia" title="Kassia">Kassiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photius I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Palamas" title="Gregory Palamas">Gregory Palamas</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_church_architecture" title="Eastern Orthodox church architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Orthodoxy" title="Folk Orthodoxy">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical_of_the_Eastern_Patriarchs" title="Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs">Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Orthodox cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saint_titles" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles">Saint titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Statistics by country</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/questions/liturgicarts/the-russian-orthodox-cross">"The Russian Orthodox Cross - Questions & Answers"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Orthodox+Cross+-+Questions+%26+Answers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fquestions%2Fliturgicarts%2Fthe-russian-orthodox-cross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liungman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-liungman_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-liungman_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiungman2004" class="citation book cs1">Liungman, Carl G. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=06ALKxX225IC&pg=PA140"><i>Symbols - Encyclopedia of Western Signs and Ideograms</i></a>. Ionfox AB. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-972705-0-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-972705-0-2"><bdi>978-91-972705-0-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbols+-+Encyclopedia+of+Western+Signs+and+Ideograms&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Ionfox+AB&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-91-972705-0-2&rft.aulast=Liungman&rft.aufirst=Carl+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D06ALKxX225IC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gundyaev-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gundyaev_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gundyaev_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Святейший Патриарх Московский и всея Руси Кирилл</a>. Воздвижение Честного и Животворящего Креста Господня // <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tihvinskaya-noginsk.ru/DswMedia/2017_41.pdf">Тихвинский листок №41, 27 Сентября 2017.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fescyn-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fescyn_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fescyn_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Фещин А. Довірся Хресту // Християнский голос. — 2002. — № 18 (2854). С. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dubianieckaja-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dubianieckaja_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dubianieckaja_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dubianieckaja_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Бурштын Я. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cet.eurobelarus.info/ru/news/2016/07/16/ryna-dubyanetskaya-dzyakuyuchy-namagannyam-rpts-pachynae.html">Ірына Дубянецкая: Дзякуючы намаганням РПЦ пачынае мяняцца культурны ландшафт Беларусі (Фота і відэа)</a> // Служба інфармацыі «ЕўраБеларусі», 16 ліпеня 2016 г.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter2016_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter2016_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter2016_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter2016_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter2016" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, Shireen (2016). <i>Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security: The Politics of Identity and Security</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-29011-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-29011-9"><bdi>978-1-315-29011-9</bdi></a>. <q>Thus the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible was also viewed as the triumph of Christianity over Islam, symbolized by the cross placed above the crescent atop Russian churches.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+Russia%3A+The+Politics+of+Identity+and+Security%3A+The+Politics+of+Identity+and+Security&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-315-29011-9&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Shireen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Русский крест: символика православного надглавного креста. — Москва, 2006. С. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Мілаш Я. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.catholic.by/nv/n65/art20.htm">Традыцыі ўшанавання крыжа беларусамі ў канцы XIX ст.</a> // <a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="be-tarask:Наша Вера">Наша Вера</a>. № 3 (65), 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Рэлігія і царква на Беларусі: Энцыкл. даведнік — Мн.: БелЭн, 2001. С. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevens1891-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens1891_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevens1891_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens1891" class="citation book cs1">Stevens, Thomas (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/throughrussiaonm01stev"><i>Through Russia on a Mustang</i></a>. Cassell. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/throughrussiaonm01stev/page/248">248</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>It seemed rather rough on Tartars, too, as showing scant consideration for the religious susceptibilities of a subject people, to find some of the domes of the Orthodox churches ornamented with devices proclaiming the triumph of the Cross over the Crescent. A favorite device is a Cross towering above a Crescent, with Gabriel perched on the top of the Cross blowing his trumpet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+Russia+on+a+Mustang&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthroughrussiaonm01stev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSAMES1993-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JSAMES1993_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSAMES1993_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IWxtAAAAMAAJ">"Russian Orthodox Church"</a>. <i>Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>17</b>: 4. 1993<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2015</span>. <q>Finally, the Russians, under Ivan the Terrible, defeated the Tatars in 1552 and firmly established Russian rule. In celebration of this conquest, the czar built two churches in the Moscow Kremlin and on the spires of the Church installed the Orthodox Cross over an upside down crescent, the symbol of Islam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+South+Asian+and+Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Russian+Orthodox+Church&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIWxtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pravmir.ru-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pravmir.ru_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pravmir.ru_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravmir.ru/kak-razobratsya-v-izobrazheniyax-kresta/">"Православные кресты: как разобраться в значениях"</a> [Orthodox crosses: how to understand the meanings] (in Russian). 30 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85&rft.date=2011-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravmir.ru%2Fkak-razobratsya-v-izobrazheniyax-kresta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/2626/index.htm">Unicode Character 'ORTHODOX CROSS' (U+2626)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pumphreyfuneralhome.com/files/5914/4709/4535/application-for-government-headstone_1.pdf">Available Emblems of Belief for Placement on Government Headstones and Markers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2007" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Robert Murray (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJgqr-FJhCgC&pg=PA121"><i>Manitou and God: North-American Indian religions and Christian culture</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. <span class="nowrap">121–</span>122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34779-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34779-5"><bdi>978-0-313-34779-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manitou+and+God%3A+North-American+Indian+religions+and+Christian+culture&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E122&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34779-5&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Robert+Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfJgqr-FJhCgC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milo D. L. The Ankh: Key of Life. — Weiser Books, 2007. P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M-e-XFgv1LYC&pg=PA13">13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-becker-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-becker_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Becker U. The Continuum Encyclopedia of Symbols. — New York London, 2000. P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=00kybj_-nBIC&pg=PA71">71</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chwalkowski-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chwalkowski_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chwalkowski F. Symbols in Arts, Religion and Culture: The Soul of Nature. — Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016. P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W-22DQAAQBAJ&dq=russian+orthodox+cross&pg=PA112">112</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeparchy.com/2020/09/15/why-are-we-seeing-orthodox-crosses-on-ukrainian-greek-catholic-churches-and-literature-is-the-orthodox-cross-allowed-to-be-used/">"Why are we seeing orthodox crosses on Ukrainian Greek Catholic churches and literature? Is the orthodox cross allowed to be used?"</a>. <i>Edmonton Eparchy</i>. 2020-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edmonton+Eparchy&rft.atitle=Why+are+we+seeing+orthodox+crosses+on+Ukrainian+Greek+Catholic+churches+and+literature%3F+Is+the+orthodox+cross+allowed+to+be+used%3F&rft.date=2020-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feeparchy.com%2F2020%2F09%2F15%2Fwhy-are-we-seeing-orthodox-crosses-on-ukrainian-greek-catholic-churches-and-literature-is-the-orthodox-cross-allowed-to-be-used%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/MCR/article/view/17384/22605">"View of Crosses of East Slavic Christianity among Ukrainians in Western Canada | Material Culture Review"</a>. <i>journals.lib.unb.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Is the orthodox cross allowed to be used?"</a>. <i>Edmonton Eparchy</i>. 2020-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edmonton+Eparchy&rft.atitle=Why+are+we+seeing+orthodox+crosses+on+Ukrainian+Greek+Catholic+churches+and+literature%3F+Is+the+orthodox+cross+allowed+to+be+used%3F&rft.date=2020-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feeparchy.com%2F2020%2F09%2F15%2Fwhy-are-we-seeing-orthodox-crosses-on-ukrainian-greek-catholic-churches-and-literature-is-the-orthodox-cross-allowed-to-be-used%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommunications2020" class="citation web cs1">Communications, Eparchy (2020-09-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeparchy.com/2020/09/15/why-are-we-seeing-orthodox-crosses-on-ukrainian-greek-catholic-churches-and-literature-is-the-orthodox-cross-allowed-to-be-used/">"Why are we seeing orthodox crosses on Ukrainian Greek Catholic churches and literature? Is the orthodox cross allowed to be used?"</a>. <i>Edmonton Eparchy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edmonton+Eparchy&rft.atitle=Why+are+we+seeing+orthodox+crosses+on+Ukrainian+Greek+Catholic+churches+and+literature%3F+Is+the+orthodox+cross+allowed+to+be+used%3F&rft.date=2020-09-15&rft.aulast=Communications&rft.aufirst=Eparchy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feeparchy.com%2F2020%2F09%2F15%2Fwhy-are-we-seeing-orthodox-crosses-on-ukrainian-greek-catholic-churches-and-literature-is-the-orthodox-cross-allowed-to-be-used%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jaremenko-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jaremenko_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jaremenko_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Яременко В. Золоте Слово: Хрестоматія літератури України-Русі епохи Середньовіччя IX—XV століть. Книга перша. — Київ: Аконіт, 2002. С. 485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiancentury.org/article/critical-essay/why-orthodox-christians-see-triumph-cross">"Why Orthodox Christians see triumph in the cross"</a>. <i>The Christian Century</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Century&rft.atitle=Why+Orthodox+Christians+see+triumph+in+the+cross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiancentury.org%2Farticle%2Fcritical-essay%2Fwhy-orthodox-christians-see-triumph-cross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaudet-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chaudet_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudet2009" class="citation journal cs1">Chaudet, Didier (2009). "When the Bear Confronts the Crescent: Russia and the Jihadist Issue". <i>China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly</i>. <b>7</b> (2). Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program: <span class="nowrap">37–</span>58. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1653-4212">1653-4212</a>. <q>It would be convenient to characterize the relationship between Russia and Islam by its history of conquest and tension. After all, the emblem of the Orthodox Church is a cross on top on a crescent. It is said that this symbol was devised by Ivan the Terrible, after the conquest of the city of Kazan, as a symbol of the victory of Christianity over Islam through his soldiers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+and+Eurasia+Forum+Quarterly&rft.atitle=When+the+Bear+Confronts+the+Crescent%3A+Russia+and+the+Jihadist+Issue&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1653-4212&rft.aulast=Chaudet&rft.aufirst=Didier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orthodoxworld.ru/en/hram/1/index.htm">"Church Building and Its Services"</a>. Orthodox World<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>Sometimes the bottoms of the Crosses found on Russian churches will be adorned with a crescent. 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Osprey Publishing. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-925-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-925-7"><bdi>978-1-84176-925-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Infantry+and+cavalry+banners&rft.btitle=Armies+of+Ivan+the+Terrible%3A+Russian+Troops+1505-1700&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-925-7&rft.aulast=Shpakovsky&rft.aufirst=Viacheslav&rft.au=Nicolle%2C+David&rft.au=McBride%2C+Angus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKarhxoYggdIC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eiu-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eiu_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Мицик Ю. 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С. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RAOFBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA740">740</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RK147-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RK147_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Русский крест: символика православного надглавного креста. — Москва, 2006. С. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scerbakivskyj-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scerbakivskyj_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Щербаківський В. Чи трираменний хрест із скісним підніжком – національний хрест України? // Визвольний шлях. — 1952, листопад. — Ч. 11 (62). С. 33—34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Білокінь С. Українська форма хреста // Укр. слово. — 1994. — № 17 (2713).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Orthodox_cross&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russian_Orthodox_cross" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Russian Orthodox cross">Russian Orthodox cross</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofthenativity.net/orthodoxy/three-bar-cross/">"Explanation of the Three-Bar Cross"</a>. Church of the Nativity: Russian Orthodox Old Rite<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explanation+of+the+Three-Bar+Cross&rft.pub=Church+of+the+Nativity%3A+Russian+Orthodox+Old+Rite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofthenativity.net%2Forthodoxy%2Fthree-bar-cross%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Orthodox+cross" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuznetsov1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kuznetsov, V. P. [Кузнецов В. П.] (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.rus.ec/b/212769/read"><i>History of the development of the cross's forms. Short course of Orthodox staurography [История развития формы креста. Краткий курс православной ставрографии]</i></a> (in Russian). 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy_%281950%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Alcoraz" title="Cross of Alcoraz">Alcoraz</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anchor_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Anchor_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anchored_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchored Cross">Anchored/Saint Clement</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg/20px-Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg/30px-Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg/40px-Anuradhapura_Cross-Vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura_cross" title="Anuradhapura cross">Anuradhapura</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archangel%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Archangel%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_the_Archangels" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of the Archangels">Archangels</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarchal_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Archiepiscopal_cross" title="Archiepiscopal cross">Archiepiscopal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armcross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Armcross.svg/15px-Armcross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Armcross.svg/23px-Armcross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Armcross.svg/31px-Armcross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cross" title="Armenian Cross">Armenian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_barby_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_barby_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross" title="Arrow Cross">Arrow/Barby</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkenkreuz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Balkenkreuz.svg/20px-Balkenkreuz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Balkenkreuz.svg/30px-Balkenkreuz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Balkenkreuz.svg/40px-Balkenkreuz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Balkenkreuz" title="Balkenkreuz">Balkenkreuz</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolnisi_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bolnisi_cross.svg/20px-Bolnisi_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bolnisi_cross.svg/30px-Bolnisi_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bolnisi_cross.svg/40px-Bolnisi_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="740" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bolnisi_cross" title="Bolnisi cross">Bolnisi</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_bottony_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_bottony_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_bottony" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross bottony">Bottony</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astkreuz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Astkreuz.svg/18px-Astkreuz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Astkreuz.svg/27px-Astkreuz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Astkreuz.svg/36px-Astkreuz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> Branch</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg/15px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg/22px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg/30px-Bulgarian_Orthodox_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian cross">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Burgundy_(Template).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Burgundy_%28Template%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="294" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Burgundy" title="Cross of Burgundy">Burgundy</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ByzantineCross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/14px-ByzantineCross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/22px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/29px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="581" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine cross">Byzantine</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calvary_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Calvary_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Calvary_(sculpture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvary (sculpture)">Calvary</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camargue_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Camargue_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Camargue" title="Cross of Camargue">Camargue</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cantercross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cantercross.svg/20px-Cantercross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cantercross.svg/30px-Cantercross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cantercross.svg/40px-Cantercross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_cross" title="Canterbury cross">Canterbury</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Of_St_Catherine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Breaking_wheel#Execution_of_St._Catherine" title="Breaking wheel">Catherine wheel</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Celtic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossed_circle_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Crossed_circle_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Variant</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_cercelee_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_cercelee_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cercel%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercelée">Cercelée</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/20px-Coptic_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/30px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coptic_cross.svg/40px-Coptic_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="606" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coptic_cross" title="Coptic cross">Coptic</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cossack_Cross.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cossack_Cross.png/20px-Cossack_Cross.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cossack_Cross.png/30px-Cossack_Cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cossack_Cross.png/40px-Cossack_Cross.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cossack_cross" title="Cossack cross">Cossack</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_crosslet_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_crosslet_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_crosslet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross crosslet">Crosslet</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg/17px-Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg/26px-Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg/34px-Croix_recroiset%C3%A9e_au_pied_fich%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="597" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_crosslet_fitchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross crosslet fitchy">Fitchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Crucifix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Christ_Crucifix.svg/9px-Christ_Crucifix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Christ_Crucifix.svg/14px-Christ_Crucifix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Christ_Crucifix.svg/19px-Christ_Crucifix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="880" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_and_disc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cross_and_disc.svg/20px-Cross_and_disc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cross_and_disc.svg/30px-Cross_and_disc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cross_and_disc.svg/40px-Cross_and_disc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="124" data-file-height="124" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cruciform_halo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruciform halo">Cruciform halo</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Double_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> Double</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopian_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Ethiopian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cross" title="Ethiopian cross">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg/13px-Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg/19px-Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Evangelists.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="872" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_the_Evangelists" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of the Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_flory_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_flory_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_fleury" title="Cross fleury">Fleury</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg/14px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg/21px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg/29px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Flory_fitchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_fleury" title="Cross fleury">Fitchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forked_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Forked_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Forked_cross" title="Forked cross">Forked</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_fourchy_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_fourchy_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_fourchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross fourchy">Fourchy</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fylfot_(blue).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg/20px-Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg/30px-Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg/40px-Fylfot_%28blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fylfot" title="Fylfot">Fylfot</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banded_globus_cruciger_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Banded_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger">Globus cruciger</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Archiepiscopal_globus_cruciger_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a>'s variant</li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Coptic_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Old_Coptic_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gnostic_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostic cross">Gnostic</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grapevine_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Grapevine_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Grapevine_cross" title="Grapevine cross">Grapevine/Saint Nino</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Greek_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_orthodox_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Greek_orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox cross">Greek Orthodox</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huguenot_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Huguenot_cross.svg/16px-Huguenot_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Huguenot_cross.svg/23px-Huguenot_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Huguenot_cross.svg/31px-Huguenot_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Huguenot_cross" title="Huguenot cross">Huguenot</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_Cross.svg/20px-German_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_Cross.svg/30px-German_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/German_Cross.svg/40px-German_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_St_Jeremiah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Jeremiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Jerusalem_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_cross" title="Jerusalem cross">Jerusalem/Crusaders</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_cross_potent_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Jerusalem_cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem cross">Jerusalem (Kingdom)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Latin_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin/Roman</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macedonian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Macedonian_cross.svg/20px-Macedonian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Macedonian_cross.svg/30px-Macedonian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Macedonian_cross.svg/40px-Macedonian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Cross" title="Macedonian Cross">Macedonian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maltese_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/20px-Maltese_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/30px-Maltese_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Maltese_cross.svg/40px-Maltese_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marada_Movement" title="Marada Movement">Marada</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marian_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marian_Cross.svg/15px-Marian_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marian_Cross.svg/23px-Marian_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marian_Cross.svg/31px-Marian_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Marian_Cross" title="Marian Cross">Marian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maronite_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Maronite_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maronite_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite cross">Maronite</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_moline_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_moline_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_moline" title="Cross moline">Moline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Philip%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Cross">Nordic</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Novgorod.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/17px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/25px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Cross_of_Novgorod.svg/34px-Cross_of_Novgorod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="784" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Novgorod">Novgorod</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathar_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cathar_cross.svg/20px-Cathar_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cathar_cross.svg/30px-Cathar_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Cathar_cross.svg/40px-Cathar_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Occitan_cross" title="Occitan cross">Occitan</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Military_Order_of_Christ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cross_of_the_Military_Order_of_Christ.svg/20px-Cross_of_the_Military_Order_of_Christ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cross_of_the_Military_Order_of_Christ.svg/30px-Cross_of_the_Military_Order_of_Christ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cross_of_the_Military_Order_of_Christ.svg/40px-Cross_of_the_Military_Order_of_Christ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Christ_Cross" title="Order of Christ Cross">Order of Christ</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Papal_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Papal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Papal_cross" title="Papal cross">Papal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/20px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/30px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg/40px-Cross-Patonce-Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_patonce" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross patonce">Patonce</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Iron_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_patt%C3%A9e" title="Cross pattée">Pattée</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_pattee_fitchee_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg/20px-Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg/30px-Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg/40px-Cross_pattee_fitchee_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_patt%C3%A9e_fitch%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross pattée fitchée">Fitchée</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarchal_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Patriarchal_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_cross" title="Patriarchal cross">Patriarchal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_pommee_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_pommee_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pommy_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Pommy cross">Pommy</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Gilbert%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portate_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Portate cross">Portate/Saint Gilbert</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_potent_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_potent_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_potent" title="Cross potent">Potent</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Quadrate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_quadrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross quadrate">Quadrate</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg/20px-Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg/30px-Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg/40px-Forces_Libanaises_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="684" /></a></span> Resistance</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_symbol_(small,_bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/20px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/30px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/40px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ringed_cross" title="Ringed cross">Ringed</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Russian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_cross_(religion)" title="Russian cross (religion)">Russian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Orthodox_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Russian_Orthodox_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russian Orthodox</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Salem_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Salem_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Salem" title="Cross of Salem">Salem</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Andrew%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saltire" title="Saltire">Saltire/Saint Andrew</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_of_St_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Saint Chad">Saint Chad</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saint_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Saint_David.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saint_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Saint_David.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saint_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_Saint_David.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saint_David" title="Flag of Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FlorianCross_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FlorianCross_1.svg/20px-FlorianCross_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FlorianCross_1.svg/30px-FlorianCross_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FlorianCross_1.svg/40px-FlorianCross_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Florian" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Florian">Saint Florian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_George%27s_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/St_George%27s_Cross.svg/20px-St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/St_George%27s_Cross.svg/30px-St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/St_George%27s_Cross.svg/40px-St_George%27s_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="254" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross" title="Saint George's Cross">Saint George</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_Santiago.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cross_Santiago.svg/15px-Cross_Santiago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cross_Santiago.svg/22px-Cross_Santiago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Cross_Santiago.svg/29px-Cross_Santiago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1019" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_James" title="Cross of Saint James">Saint James/Santiago</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Saint_John.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cross_of_Saint_John.svg/14px-Cross_of_Saint_John.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cross_of_Saint_John.svg/21px-Cross_of_Saint_John.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Cross_of_Saint_John.svg/28px-Cross_of_Saint_John.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Saint John">Saint John</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/20px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/30px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg/40px-Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire" title="Saint Patrick's Saltire">Saint Patrick</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Peter%27s_Cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_Peter" title="Cross of Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Philip%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Philip%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Saint Philip</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cornwall.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Piran%27s_Flag" title="Saint Piran's Flag">Saint Piran</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MarThomaSleeva.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarThomaSleeva.png/14px-MarThomaSleeva.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarThomaSleeva.png/21px-MarThomaSleeva.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MarThomaSleeva.png/28px-MarThomaSleeva.png 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="318" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christian_cross" title="Saint Thomas Christian cross">Saint Thomas</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serbian_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Serbian_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_cross" title="Serbian cross">Serbian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg/16px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg/24px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg/32px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Orthodox.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Orthodox cross">Serbian Orthodox</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg/14px-Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg/21px-Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg/29px-Croix_fitch%C3%A9e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="714" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Short Sword</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg/16px-Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg/24px-Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg/32px-Eastern_Syriac_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="375" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syriac_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syriac cross">Syriac (Eastern)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Syriac_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Western_Syriac_Cross.svg/14px-Western_Syriac_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Western_Syriac_Cross.svg/22px-Western_Syriac_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Western_Syriac_Cross.svg/29px-Western_Syriac_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="673" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Western_Syriac_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Syriac cross">Syriac (Western)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tau_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Tau_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tau_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau Cross">Tau</a>/<a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony%27s_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Anthony's Cross">Saint Anthony</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg/50px-Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg/75px-Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg/100px-Krst%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="757" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross-avellane-1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cross-avellane-1.svg/17px-Cross-avellane-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cross-avellane-1.svg/25px-Cross-avellane-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cross-avellane-1.svg/33px-Cross-avellane-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="439" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Avellane_cross" title="Avellane cross">Avellane</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Aviz_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Aviz_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aviz_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviz cross">Aviz</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg/20px-Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg/30px-Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg/40px-Banniel_Breizh_1.0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kroaz_Du" title="Kroaz Du">Black</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blanc_croix_rouge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blanc_croix_rouge.svg/20px-Blanc_croix_rouge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blanc_croix_rouge.svg/30px-Blanc_croix_rouge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Blanc_croix_rouge.svg/40px-Blanc_croix_rouge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Blanc croix rouge</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg/20px-St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg/30px-St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg/40px-St_Brigid_C-08_VER2-07.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="413" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brigid%27s_cross" title="Brigid's cross">Brigid</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triquetra-Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/20px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/30px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Triquetra-Cross.svg/40px-Triquetra-Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_cross" title="Carolingian cross">Carolingian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coeur_Chouan_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coeur_Chouan_2.svg/14px-Coeur_Chouan_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coeur_Chouan_2.svg/21px-Coeur_Chouan_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coeur_Chouan_2.svg/28px-Coeur_Chouan_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chouan" title="Chouan">Chouan</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Consecration_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Consecration_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Consecration_crosses" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration crosses">Consecration</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic_ankh_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Coptic_ankh_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Coptic_cross" title="Coptic cross">Coptic</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coptic-Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coptic-Cross.svg/20px-Coptic-Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coptic-Cross.svg/30px-Coptic-Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coptic-Cross.svg/40px-Coptic-Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="568" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Early_Coptic_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Coptic cross">Coptic (Early)</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg/20px-Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg/30px-Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg/40px-Cross_cramponn%C3%A9e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Cross cramponnée</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crosscrown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crosscrown.svg/20px-Crosscrown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crosscrown.svg/30px-Crosscrown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Crosscrown.svg/40px-Crosscrown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1133" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_and_Crown" title="Cross and Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg/20px-Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg/30px-Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg/40px-Pectoral_Cross_of_St_Cuthbert.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert%27s_pectoral_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuthbert's pectoral cross">Cuthbert's pectoral</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Engrailed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Engrailed</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg/20px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg/30px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg/40px-Coa_Illustration_Cross_Ermin%C3%A9e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Erminée</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crux_gammata.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Crux_gammata.svg/20px-Crux_gammata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Crux_gammata.svg/30px-Crux_gammata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Crux_gammata.svg/40px-Crux_gammata.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gammadion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gammadion">Gammadion</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruz_de_Asturias.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/15px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/23px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/31px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Crux_gemmata" title="Crux gemmata">Jewelled</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katanga_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Katanga_Cross.svg/20px-Katanga_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Katanga_Cross.svg/30px-Katanga_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Katanga_Cross.svg/40px-Katanga_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Katanga_Cross" title="Katanga Cross">Katanga</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Lazarus_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus%27_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazarus' cross">Lazarus</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Lorraine_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Lorraine" title="Cross of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg/20px-Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg/30px-Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg/40px-Badge_of_the_Wales_Herald_Extraordinary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Neith" title="Cross of Neith">Neith</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg/18px-Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg/27px-Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg/37px-Church_of_the_East_Cross_on_the_Nestorian_Stele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="484" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_cross" title="Nestorian cross">Nestorian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg/20px-Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg/30px-Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg/40px-Cruz_de_Pe%C3%B1alba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="121" data-file-height="121" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Pe%C3%B1alba" title="Cross of Peñalba">Peñalba</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_pierced_(round).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg/20px-Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg/30px-Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg/40px-Cross_pierced_%28round%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierced_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierced cross">Pierced</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CrossQuarterPierced.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CrossQuarterPierced.svg/14px-CrossQuarterPierced.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CrossQuarterPierced.svg/21px-CrossQuarterPierced.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CrossQuarterPierced.svg/28px-CrossQuarterPierced.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierced_cross_quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierced cross quarterly">Quarterly</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg/20px-Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg/30px-Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg/40px-Saint_Alban%27s_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban%27s_Cross" title="Saint Alban's Cross">Saint Alban</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Julian%27s_cross_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Saint_Julian%27s_cross_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Julian%27s_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Julian's cross">Saint Julian</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/20px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/30px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg/40px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Templar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights Templar cross">Templar</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg/16px-Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg/24px-Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg/32px-Crux_Ordis_Teutonicorum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="214" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order#Insignia" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_Lorraine_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_of_Lorraine_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Two-barred_cross" title="Two-barred cross">Two-barred</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Victory_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Victory_Cross.svg/16px-Victory_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Victory_Cross.svg/23px-Victory_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Victory_Cross.svg/31px-Victory_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="510" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Victory_Cross" title="Victory Cross">Victory</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_voided_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Cross_voided_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> Voided</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_crucifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Altar crucifix">Altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_cross" title="Blessing cross">Blessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliation_cross" title="Conciliation cross">Conciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry" title="Crosses in heraldry">Heraldry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic cross">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_cross" title="Pisan cross">Pisan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_cross" title="Market cross">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercat_cross" title="Mercat cross">Mercat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_cross" title="Memorial cross">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_cross" title="Mission cross">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_necklace" title="Cross necklace">Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">Pectoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plague_cross" title="Plague cross">Plague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preaching_cross" title="Preaching cross">Preaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lalibela_Cross" title="Lalibela Cross">Lalibela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood" title="Rood">Rood/Triumphal cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_cross" title="Summit cross">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayside_cross" title="Wayside cross">Wayside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christogram" title="Christogram">Christograms</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chrismons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chi_Rho_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Chi_Rho_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iota_Chi_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Iota_Chi_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IX_monogram" title="IX monogram">IX monogram</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/13px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/20px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg/27px-Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Labarum" title="Labarum">Labarum</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlemagne_autograph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/20px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/30px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Charlemagne_autograph.svg/40px-Charlemagne_autograph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="509" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Staurogram_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg/20px-Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg/30px-Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg/40px-Staurogram_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Staurogram" title="Staurogram">Staurogram/Monogrammatic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tau" title="Tau">Tau</a> <a href="/wiki/Rho" title="Rho">Rho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ankh_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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