<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <rdf:RDF xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:prism="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:admin="http://webns.net/mvcb/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"> <channel rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/rss/journal/jfb"> <title>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</title> <description>Latest open access articles published in J. Funct. Biomater. at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jfb</description> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jfb</link> <admin:generatorAgent rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jfb"/> <admin:errorReportsTo rdf:resource="mailto:support@mdpi.com"/> <dc:publisher>MDPI</dc:publisher> <dc:language>en</dc:language> <dc:rights>Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)</dc:rights> <prism:copyright>MDPI</prism:copyright> <prism:rightsAgent>support@mdpi.com</prism:rightsAgent> <image rdf:resource="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo.png?13cf3b5bd783e021?1732286508"/> <items> <rdf:Seq> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/356" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/355" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/354" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/353" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/352" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/351" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/350" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/349" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/348" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/347" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/346" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/345" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/344" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/343" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/342" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/340" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/341" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/339" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/338" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/337" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/335" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/336" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/334" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/333" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/332" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/331" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/330" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/329" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/328" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/327" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/326" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/325" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/324" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/323" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/322" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/321" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/320" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/319" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/318" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/317" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/316" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/315" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/314" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/313" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/312" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/311" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/310" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/309" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/308" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/307" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/306" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/305" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/304" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/303" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/302" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/301" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/300" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/299" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/298" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/297" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/296" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/295" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/294" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/293" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/292" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/291" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/290" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/289" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/288" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/287" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/286" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/285" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/284" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/283" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/282" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/281" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/280" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/279" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/278" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/277" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/276" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/275" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/274" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/273" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/272" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/271" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/270" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/269" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/268" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/267" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/266" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/265" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/264" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/263" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/262" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/261" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/260" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/259" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/258" /> <rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/257" /> </rdf:Seq> </items> <cc:license rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" /> </channel> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/356"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 356: Dynamic-Cross-Linked, Regulated, and Controllable Mineralization Degree and Morphology of Collagen Biomineralization</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/356</link> <description>The cross-linking process of collagen is one of the more important ways to improve the mineralization ability of collagen. However, the regulatory effect of dynamic cross-linking on biomineralization in vitro remains unclear. Dynamic-cross-linked mineralized collagen under different cross-linking processes, according to the process of cross-linking and mineralization of natural bone, was prepared in this study. Mineralization was performed for 12 h at 4, 8, and 12 h of collagen cross-linking. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the characteristics of dynamic-cross-linked mineralization in terms of morphological transformation and distribution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the crystallinity characteristics of the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal formation. Pre-cross-linked dynamic-cross-linked mineralization refers to the process of cross-linking for a period of time and then side cross-linked mineralization. The mineral content, enzyme stability, and mechanical properties of mineralized collagen were improved through a dynamic cross-linking process of pre-cross-linking. The swelling performance was reduced through the dynamic cross-linking process of pre-cross-linking. This study suggests that the dynamic cross-linking process through pre-cross-linking could make it easier for minerals to permeate and deposit between collagen fibers, improve mineralization efficiency, and, thus, enhance the mechanical strength of biomineralization. This study can provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for designing mineralized collagen scaffolds with better bone repair ability.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-22</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 356: Dynamic-Cross-Linked, Regulated, and Controllable Mineralization Degree and Morphology of Collagen Biomineralization</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/356">doi: 10.3390/jfb15120356</a></p> <p>Authors: Ziyao Geng Fan Xu Ying Liu Aike Qiao Tianming Du </p> <p>The cross-linking process of collagen is one of the more important ways to improve the mineralization ability of collagen. However, the regulatory effect of dynamic cross-linking on biomineralization in vitro remains unclear. Dynamic-cross-linked mineralized collagen under different cross-linking processes, according to the process of cross-linking and mineralization of natural bone, was prepared in this study. Mineralization was performed for 12 h at 4, 8, and 12 h of collagen cross-linking. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the characteristics of dynamic-cross-linked mineralization in terms of morphological transformation and distribution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the crystallinity characteristics of the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal formation. Pre-cross-linked dynamic-cross-linked mineralization refers to the process of cross-linking for a period of time and then side cross-linked mineralization. The mineral content, enzyme stability, and mechanical properties of mineralized collagen were improved through a dynamic cross-linking process of pre-cross-linking. The swelling performance was reduced through the dynamic cross-linking process of pre-cross-linking. This study suggests that the dynamic cross-linking process through pre-cross-linking could make it easier for minerals to permeate and deposit between collagen fibers, improve mineralization efficiency, and, thus, enhance the mechanical strength of biomineralization. This study can provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for designing mineralized collagen scaffolds with better bone repair ability.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Dynamic-Cross-Linked, Regulated, and Controllable Mineralization Degree and Morphology of Collagen Biomineralization</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ziyao Geng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fan Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ying Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aike Qiao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tianming Du</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15120356</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>356</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15120356</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/356</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/355"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 355: Impact of Particle Size and Sintering Temperature on Calcium Phosphate Gyroid Structure Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/355</link> <description>Due to the chemical composition and structure of the target tissue, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for orthopedic applications worldwide. However, ongoing advancements in alternative grafting materials show that 3D-printed synthetic biomaterials offer many advantages. For instance, they provide high availability, have low clinical limitations, and can be designed with a chemical composition and structure comparable to the target tissue. This study aimed to compare the influences of particle size and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate (CaP) gyroid scaffolds. CaP gyroid scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing using powders with the same chemical composition but different particle sizes and sintering temperatures. The physicochemical characterization of the scaffolds was performed using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and microtomography analyses. The immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell line SCP-1 (osteoblast-like cells) and osteoclast-like cells (THP-1 cells) were seeded on the scaffolds as mono- or co-cultures. Bone cell attachment, number of live cells, and functionality were assessed at different time points over a period of 21 days. Improvements in mechanical properties were observed for scaffolds fabricated with narrow-particle-size-distribution powder. The physicochemical analysis showed that the microstructure varied with sintering temperature and that narrow particle size distribution resulted in smaller micropores and a smoother surface. Viable osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells were observed for all scaffolds tested, but scaffolds produced with a smaller particle size distribution showed less attachment of osteoblast-like cells. Interestingly, low attachment of osteoclast-like cells was observed for all scaffolds regardless of surface roughness. Although bone cell adhesion was lower in scaffolds made with powder containing smaller particle sizes, the long-term function of osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells was superior in scaffolds with improved mechanical properties.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 355: Impact of Particle Size and Sintering Temperature on Calcium Phosphate Gyroid Structure Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/355">doi: 10.3390/jfb15120355</a></p> <p>Authors: Romina Hayde茅 Aspera-Werz Guanqiao Chen Lea Schilonka Islam Bouakaz Catherine Bronne Elisabeth Cobraiville Gr茅gory Nolens Andreas Nussler </p> <p>Due to the chemical composition and structure of the target tissue, autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for orthopedic applications worldwide. However, ongoing advancements in alternative grafting materials show that 3D-printed synthetic biomaterials offer many advantages. For instance, they provide high availability, have low clinical limitations, and can be designed with a chemical composition and structure comparable to the target tissue. This study aimed to compare the influences of particle size and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate (CaP) gyroid scaffolds. CaP gyroid scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing using powders with the same chemical composition but different particle sizes and sintering temperatures. The physicochemical characterization of the scaffolds was performed using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and microtomography analyses. The immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell line SCP-1 (osteoblast-like cells) and osteoclast-like cells (THP-1 cells) were seeded on the scaffolds as mono- or co-cultures. Bone cell attachment, number of live cells, and functionality were assessed at different time points over a period of 21 days. Improvements in mechanical properties were observed for scaffolds fabricated with narrow-particle-size-distribution powder. The physicochemical analysis showed that the microstructure varied with sintering temperature and that narrow particle size distribution resulted in smaller micropores and a smoother surface. Viable osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells were observed for all scaffolds tested, but scaffolds produced with a smaller particle size distribution showed less attachment of osteoblast-like cells. Interestingly, low attachment of osteoclast-like cells was observed for all scaffolds regardless of surface roughness. Although bone cell adhesion was lower in scaffolds made with powder containing smaller particle sizes, the long-term function of osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells was superior in scaffolds with improved mechanical properties.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Impact of Particle Size and Sintering Temperature on Calcium Phosphate Gyroid Structure Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering</dc:title> <dc:creator>Romina Hayde茅 Aspera-Werz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Guanqiao Chen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lea Schilonka</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Islam Bouakaz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Catherine Bronne</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elisabeth Cobraiville</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gr茅gory Nolens</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andreas Nussler</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15120355</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>355</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15120355</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/355</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/354"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 354: Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles, Statistical Process Optimization, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Activities onto Cotton Fabrics</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/354</link> <description>Nanotechnological methods for creating multifunctional fabrics are attracting global interest. The incorporation of nanoparticles in the field of textiles enables the creation of multifunctional textiles exhibiting UV irradiation protection, antimicrobial properties, self-cleaning properties and photocatalytic. Nanomaterials-loaded textiles have many innovative applications in pharmaceuticals, sports, military the textile industry etc. This study details the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of Aspergillus flavus. The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a brown color in the extracellular filtrate and confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy with a peak at 426 nm. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used to optimize the physicochemical parameters affecting AgNPs biosynthesis. The desirability function was employed to theoretically predict the optimal conditions for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, which were subsequently experimentally validated. Through the desirability function, the optimal conditions for the maximum predicted value for the biosynthesized AgNPs (235.72 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL) have been identified as follows: incubation time (58.12 h), initial pH (7.99), AgNO3 concentration (4.84 mM/mL), and temperature (34.84 &amp;amp;deg;C). Under these conditions, the highest experimental value of AgNPs biosynthesis was 247.53 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL. Model validation confirmed the great accuracy of the model predictions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed spherical AgNPs measuring 8.93&amp;amp;ndash;19.11 nm, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Zeta potential analysis indicated a positive surface charge (+1.69 mV), implying good stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified elemental silver (49.61%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed uniformly sized spherical AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical particles measuring 8.93&amp;amp;ndash;19.11 nm. EDX spectrum revealed that silver is the dominant element in the AgNPs. The Zeta potential measurement revealed a positive surface charge (+1.69 mV). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline character. FTIR findings indicate the presence of phenols, proteins, alkanes, alkenes, aliphatic and aromatic amines, and alkyl groups which play significant roles in the reduction, capping, and stabilization of AgNPs. Cotton fabrics embedded with AgNPs biosynthesized using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of Aspergillus flavus showed strong antimicrobial activity. The disc diffusion method revealed inhibition zones of 15, 12, and 17 mm against E. coli (Gram-negative), S. aureus (Gram-positive), and C. albicans (yeast), respectively. These fabrics have potential applications in protective clothing, packaging, and medical care. In silico modeling suggested that the predicted compound derived from AgNPs on cotton fabric could inhibit Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and Lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (L-14&amp;amp;alpha;-DM), with binding energies of &amp;amp;minus;4.7 and &amp;amp;minus;5.2 Kcal/mol, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis and sensitizer prediction indicated that this compound merits further investigation.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 354: Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles, Statistical Process Optimization, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Activities onto Cotton Fabrics</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/354">doi: 10.3390/jfb15120354</a></p> <p>Authors: Nada S. Shweqa Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar Hala M. Abdelmigid Amal A. Alyamani Naglaa Elshafey Hadeel El-Shall Yasmin M. Heikal Hoda M. Soliman </p> <p>Nanotechnological methods for creating multifunctional fabrics are attracting global interest. The incorporation of nanoparticles in the field of textiles enables the creation of multifunctional textiles exhibiting UV irradiation protection, antimicrobial properties, self-cleaning properties and photocatalytic. Nanomaterials-loaded textiles have many innovative applications in pharmaceuticals, sports, military the textile industry etc. This study details the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of Aspergillus flavus. The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a brown color in the extracellular filtrate and confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy with a peak at 426 nm. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used to optimize the physicochemical parameters affecting AgNPs biosynthesis. The desirability function was employed to theoretically predict the optimal conditions for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, which were subsequently experimentally validated. Through the desirability function, the optimal conditions for the maximum predicted value for the biosynthesized AgNPs (235.72 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL) have been identified as follows: incubation time (58.12 h), initial pH (7.99), AgNO3 concentration (4.84 mM/mL), and temperature (34.84 &amp;amp;deg;C). Under these conditions, the highest experimental value of AgNPs biosynthesis was 247.53 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL. Model validation confirmed the great accuracy of the model predictions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed spherical AgNPs measuring 8.93&amp;amp;ndash;19.11 nm, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Zeta potential analysis indicated a positive surface charge (+1.69 mV), implying good stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified elemental silver (49.61%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed uniformly sized spherical AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical particles measuring 8.93&amp;amp;ndash;19.11 nm. EDX spectrum revealed that silver is the dominant element in the AgNPs. The Zeta potential measurement revealed a positive surface charge (+1.69 mV). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline character. FTIR findings indicate the presence of phenols, proteins, alkanes, alkenes, aliphatic and aromatic amines, and alkyl groups which play significant roles in the reduction, capping, and stabilization of AgNPs. Cotton fabrics embedded with AgNPs biosynthesized using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of Aspergillus flavus showed strong antimicrobial activity. The disc diffusion method revealed inhibition zones of 15, 12, and 17 mm against E. coli (Gram-negative), S. aureus (Gram-positive), and C. albicans (yeast), respectively. These fabrics have potential applications in protective clothing, packaging, and medical care. In silico modeling suggested that the predicted compound derived from AgNPs on cotton fabric could inhibit Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and Lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (L-14&amp;amp;alpha;-DM), with binding energies of &amp;amp;minus;4.7 and &amp;amp;minus;5.2 Kcal/mol, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis and sensitizer prediction indicated that this compound merits further investigation.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles, Statistical Process Optimization, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Activities onto Cotton Fabrics</dc:title> <dc:creator>Nada S. Shweqa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hala M. Abdelmigid</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Amal A. Alyamani</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Naglaa Elshafey</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hadeel El-Shall</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yasmin M. Heikal</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hoda M. Soliman</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15120354</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>354</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15120354</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/354</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/353"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 353: Is There an Ideal Concentration of Ozonized Oil for the Prevention and Modulation of Zoledronate-Induced Mandibular Osteonecrosis? A Study on Senescent Rats</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/353</link> <description>This study aimed to identify whether there is an ideal concentration for applying ozonized oil (OZ) in the post-exodontic alveoli of senescent rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). Thirty-five female rats, aged 18 months, were divided into five groups: ZOL; ZOL+OZ500; ZOL+OZ600; ZOL+OZ700; and SAL. The groups treated with ZOL, and other concentrations of OZ received applications at a dose of 100 &amp;amp;mu;g/kg, while the SAL group received saline. After three weeks of ZOL application, the animals underwent extraction of the lower first molar. Subsequently, local therapies were initiated: group ZOL+OZ500 at 500 mEq/kg; ZOL+Z600 at 600 mEq/kg; and ZOL+OZ700 at 700 mEq/kg at baseline, and on days 2 and 4 post-operation. Euthanasia was performed on day 28. The microtomographic parameter of bone volume and histometric data on the area of neoformed bone (NFBT) showed the highest values for the ZOL+OZ600 group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). All OZ groups had smaller areas of non-vital bone than the ZOL group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The clinical appearance of the operated region showed the alveoli covered with soft tissue, particularly in the OZ groups. All the tested concentrations of OZ were able to prevent and modulate MRONJ. As it presents a greater amount of NFBT, the concentration of 600 mEq/kg seems to be ideal.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 353: Is There an Ideal Concentration of Ozonized Oil for the Prevention and Modulation of Zoledronate-Induced Mandibular Osteonecrosis? A Study on Senescent Rats</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/353">doi: 10.3390/jfb15120353</a></p> <p>Authors: Mirela Caroline Silva Izabela Fornazari Delamura Maria Eloise de S谩 Simon Stefany Barbosa David Tawei Ting Karen Bechara Jamil Awad Shibli Carlos Fernando Mour茫o Ana Paula Farnezi Bassi Edilson Ervolino Leonardo Perez Faverani </p> <p>This study aimed to identify whether there is an ideal concentration for applying ozonized oil (OZ) in the post-exodontic alveoli of senescent rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). Thirty-five female rats, aged 18 months, were divided into five groups: ZOL; ZOL+OZ500; ZOL+OZ600; ZOL+OZ700; and SAL. The groups treated with ZOL, and other concentrations of OZ received applications at a dose of 100 &amp;amp;mu;g/kg, while the SAL group received saline. After three weeks of ZOL application, the animals underwent extraction of the lower first molar. Subsequently, local therapies were initiated: group ZOL+OZ500 at 500 mEq/kg; ZOL+Z600 at 600 mEq/kg; and ZOL+OZ700 at 700 mEq/kg at baseline, and on days 2 and 4 post-operation. Euthanasia was performed on day 28. The microtomographic parameter of bone volume and histometric data on the area of neoformed bone (NFBT) showed the highest values for the ZOL+OZ600 group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). All OZ groups had smaller areas of non-vital bone than the ZOL group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The clinical appearance of the operated region showed the alveoli covered with soft tissue, particularly in the OZ groups. All the tested concentrations of OZ were able to prevent and modulate MRONJ. As it presents a greater amount of NFBT, the concentration of 600 mEq/kg seems to be ideal.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Is There an Ideal Concentration of Ozonized Oil for the Prevention and Modulation of Zoledronate-Induced Mandibular Osteonecrosis? A Study on Senescent Rats</dc:title> <dc:creator>Mirela Caroline Silva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Izabela Fornazari Delamura</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maria Eloise de S谩 Simon</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Stefany Barbosa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>David Tawei Ting</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Karen Bechara</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jamil Awad Shibli</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carlos Fernando Mour茫o</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ana Paula Farnezi Bassi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Edilson Ervolino</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Leonardo Perez Faverani</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15120353</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>12</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>353</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15120353</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/12/353</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/352"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 352: Strontium- and Copper-Doped Ceramic Granules in Bone Regeneration-Associated Cellular Processes</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/352</link> <description>Background: Pathological bone fracturing is an escalating problem driven by increasing aging and obesity. Bioceramics, particularly tricalcium-phosphate-based materials (TCP), are renowned for their exceptional biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and ability to promote biomineralization. In the present study, we designed and characterized TCP porous granules doped with strontium (Sr) and copper (Cu) (CuSr TCP). Sr2+ ions were selected as Sr plays a crucial role in early bone formation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis; Cu2+ ions possess antibacterial properties. Materials: The synthesized CuSr TCP granules were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation analyses&amp;amp;rsquo; assays were performed through the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and CCK-8 viability tests in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Hemolytic activity was carried out with human red blood cells (RBCs). Early and late osteogenesis were assessed with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S activity in human osteoblast progenitor cells and rat BM-MSCs. The influence of CuSr TCP on angiogenesis was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: We have demonstrated that media enriched with CuSr TCP in concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL were not cytotoxic and did not significantly affect cell proliferation rate motility. Moreover, a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL showed a 2.5-fold increase in the migration potential of BM-MSCs. We also found that CuSr TCP-enriched media slightly increased early osteogenesis. We also found that Sr and Cu substitutions in TCP particles significantly enhanced the measured angiogenic parameters compared to control and unsubstituted TCP granules. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that TCP porous granules doped with Sr and Cu are biocompatible, promote osteodifferentiation and angiogenesis, and could be recommended for further in vivo studies.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-20</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 352: Strontium- and Copper-Doped Ceramic Granules in Bone Regeneration-Associated Cellular Processes</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/352">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110352</a></p> <p>Authors: Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen) Assem Nessipbekova Aizhan Syzdykova Farkhad Olzhayev Bauyrzhan Umbayev Aliya Kassenova Inna V. Fadeeva Sholpan Askarova Julietta V. Rau </p> <p>Background: Pathological bone fracturing is an escalating problem driven by increasing aging and obesity. Bioceramics, particularly tricalcium-phosphate-based materials (TCP), are renowned for their exceptional biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and ability to promote biomineralization. In the present study, we designed and characterized TCP porous granules doped with strontium (Sr) and copper (Cu) (CuSr TCP). Sr2+ ions were selected as Sr plays a crucial role in early bone formation, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis; Cu2+ ions possess antibacterial properties. Materials: The synthesized CuSr TCP granules were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation analyses&amp;amp;rsquo; assays were performed through the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and CCK-8 viability tests in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Hemolytic activity was carried out with human red blood cells (RBCs). Early and late osteogenesis were assessed with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S activity in human osteoblast progenitor cells and rat BM-MSCs. The influence of CuSr TCP on angiogenesis was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results: We have demonstrated that media enriched with CuSr TCP in concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL were not cytotoxic and did not significantly affect cell proliferation rate motility. Moreover, a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL showed a 2.5-fold increase in the migration potential of BM-MSCs. We also found that CuSr TCP-enriched media slightly increased early osteogenesis. We also found that Sr and Cu substitutions in TCP particles significantly enhanced the measured angiogenic parameters compared to control and unsubstituted TCP granules. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that TCP porous granules doped with Sr and Cu are biocompatible, promote osteodifferentiation and angiogenesis, and could be recommended for further in vivo studies.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Strontium- and Copper-Doped Ceramic Granules in Bone Regeneration-Associated Cellular Processes</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen)</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Assem Nessipbekova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aizhan Syzdykova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Farkhad Olzhayev</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bauyrzhan Umbayev</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aliya Kassenova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Inna V. Fadeeva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sholpan Askarova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Julietta V. Rau</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110352</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-20</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-20</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>352</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110352</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/352</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/351"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 351: A Novel Graphene-Based Nanomaterial for the Development of a Pelvic Implant to Treat Pelvic Organ Prolapse</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/351</link> <description>Graphene is the wonder material of the 21st century, promising cutting-edge advancements in material science with significant applications across all industries. This study investigates the use of a graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) ans trade-registered Hastalex&amp;amp;reg;, as novel materials for surgical implants aimed at treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This study investigates the mechanical properties and physicochemical characteristics of the material, mainly focusing on its potential to address the limitations of existing polypropylene (PP) implants, which has been associated with numerous complications and banned across multiple countries. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the bonding between functionalised graphene oxide (FGO) and the base polymer chain. Hastalex exhibited excellent mechanical properties with 58 N/mm2 maximum tensile strength at break and 701% elongation at break, whilst maintaining its shape with no plastic deformation. These results were comparable to that of sheep pelvic muscular tissue. Hastalex demonstrated its hydrophilic properties from contact angle measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a uniform plane with surface nanotopography, promoting cell-to-material interaction. The results confirmed the suitability of Hastalex in the development of a new pelvic membrane to treat POP.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-20</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 351: A Novel Graphene-Based Nanomaterial for the Development of a Pelvic Implant to Treat Pelvic Organ Prolapse</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/351">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110351</a></p> <p>Authors: Amelia Seifalian Alex Digesu Vik Khullar </p> <p>Graphene is the wonder material of the 21st century, promising cutting-edge advancements in material science with significant applications across all industries. This study investigates the use of a graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) ans trade-registered Hastalex&amp;amp;reg;, as novel materials for surgical implants aimed at treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This study investigates the mechanical properties and physicochemical characteristics of the material, mainly focusing on its potential to address the limitations of existing polypropylene (PP) implants, which has been associated with numerous complications and banned across multiple countries. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) confirmed the bonding between functionalised graphene oxide (FGO) and the base polymer chain. Hastalex exhibited excellent mechanical properties with 58 N/mm2 maximum tensile strength at break and 701% elongation at break, whilst maintaining its shape with no plastic deformation. These results were comparable to that of sheep pelvic muscular tissue. Hastalex demonstrated its hydrophilic properties from contact angle measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed a uniform plane with surface nanotopography, promoting cell-to-material interaction. The results confirmed the suitability of Hastalex in the development of a new pelvic membrane to treat POP.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>A Novel Graphene-Based Nanomaterial for the Development of a Pelvic Implant to Treat Pelvic Organ Prolapse</dc:title> <dc:creator>Amelia Seifalian</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alex Digesu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vik Khullar</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110351</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-20</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-20</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>351</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110351</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/351</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/350"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 350: Spherical Shell Bioprinting to Produce Uniform Spheroids with Controlled Sizes</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/350</link> <description>Conventional cell spheroid production methods are largely manual, leading to variations in size and shape that compromise consistency and reliability for use in cell-based therapeutic applications. To enhance spheroid production, a spherical shell bioprinting system was implemented, enabling the high-throughput generation of uniform cell spheroids with precisely controlled sizes. The system encapsulates cells within thin alginate hydrogel shells formed through bioprinting and ion crosslinking reactions. Alginate&amp;amp;ndash;calcium ion crosslinking created alginate shells that contained gelatin-based bioinks with embedded cells, facilitating spontaneous cell aggregation within the shells and eliminating the need for plastic wells. By adjusting cell concentrations in the alginate&amp;amp;ndash;gelatin bioink, we achieved precise control over spheroid size, maintaining a sphericity above 0.94 and size deviations within &amp;amp;plusmn;10 &amp;amp;micro;m. This method has been successfully applied to various cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and epithelial cells, demonstrating its versatility. This scalable approach enhances the reliability of cell therapy and drug screening, offering a robust platform for future biomedical applications.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-18</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 350: Spherical Shell Bioprinting to Produce Uniform Spheroids with Controlled Sizes</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/350">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110350</a></p> <p>Authors: Kuk Hui Son Dong-Ha Kim Seunghye Park Hyun Jae Kim Mira Park Seung-Jin Kim Sang Jin Lee Keunsun Ahn Jin Woo Lee </p> <p>Conventional cell spheroid production methods are largely manual, leading to variations in size and shape that compromise consistency and reliability for use in cell-based therapeutic applications. To enhance spheroid production, a spherical shell bioprinting system was implemented, enabling the high-throughput generation of uniform cell spheroids with precisely controlled sizes. The system encapsulates cells within thin alginate hydrogel shells formed through bioprinting and ion crosslinking reactions. Alginate&amp;amp;ndash;calcium ion crosslinking created alginate shells that contained gelatin-based bioinks with embedded cells, facilitating spontaneous cell aggregation within the shells and eliminating the need for plastic wells. By adjusting cell concentrations in the alginate&amp;amp;ndash;gelatin bioink, we achieved precise control over spheroid size, maintaining a sphericity above 0.94 and size deviations within &amp;amp;plusmn;10 &amp;amp;micro;m. This method has been successfully applied to various cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and epithelial cells, demonstrating its versatility. This scalable approach enhances the reliability of cell therapy and drug screening, offering a robust platform for future biomedical applications.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Spherical Shell Bioprinting to Produce Uniform Spheroids with Controlled Sizes</dc:title> <dc:creator>Kuk Hui Son</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dong-Ha Kim</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Seunghye Park</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hyun Jae Kim</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mira Park</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Seung-Jin Kim</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sang Jin Lee</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Keunsun Ahn</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jin Woo Lee</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110350</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-18</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-18</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>350</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110350</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/350</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/349"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 349: Correction: Jin et al. A pH-Responsive DNA Tetrahedron/Methotrexate Drug Delivery System Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14, 541</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/349</link> <description>In the original publication [...]</description> <pubDate>2024-11-18</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 349: Correction: Jin et al. A pH-Responsive DNA Tetrahedron/Methotrexate Drug Delivery System Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14, 541</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/349">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110349</a></p> <p>Authors: Yi Jin Xingyu Ge Yinjin Xu Siyi Wang Qian Lu Aidong Deng Jingjing Li Zhifeng Gu </p> <p>In the original publication [...]</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Correction: Jin et al. A pH-Responsive DNA Tetrahedron/Methotrexate Drug Delivery System Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14, 541</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yi Jin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xingyu Ge</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yinjin Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Siyi Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qian Lu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aidong Deng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jingjing Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhifeng Gu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110349</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-18</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-18</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Correction</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>349</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110349</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/349</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/348"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 348: Properties, Production, and Recycling of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers: Special Medical Applications</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/348</link> <description>Regenerated cellulose fibers are a highly adaptable biomaterial with numerous medical applications owing to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and robust mechanical properties. In the domain of wound care, regenerated cellulose fibers facilitate a moist environment conducive to healing, minimize infection risk, and adapt to wound topographies, making it ideal for different types of dressings. In tissue engineering, cellulose scaffolds provide a matrix for cell attachment and proliferation, supporting the development of artificial skin, cartilage, and other tissues. Furthermore, regenerated cellulose fibers, used as absorbable sutures, degrade within the body, eliminating the need for removal and proving advantageous for internal suturing. The medical textile industry relies heavily on regenerated cellulose fibers because of their unique properties that make them suitable for various applications, including wound care, surgical garments, and diagnostic materials. Regenerated cellulose fibers are produced by dissolving cellulose from natural sources and reconstituting it into fiber form, which can be customized for specific medical uses. This paper will explore the various types, properties, and applications of regenerated cellulose fibers in medical contexts, alongside an examination of its manufacturing processes and technologies, as well as associated challenges.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-16</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 348: Properties, Production, and Recycling of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers: Special Medical Applications</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/348">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110348</a></p> <p>Authors: Sandra Varnait臈-沤uravliova Julija Baltu拧nikait臈-Guzaitien臈 </p> <p>Regenerated cellulose fibers are a highly adaptable biomaterial with numerous medical applications owing to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and robust mechanical properties. In the domain of wound care, regenerated cellulose fibers facilitate a moist environment conducive to healing, minimize infection risk, and adapt to wound topographies, making it ideal for different types of dressings. In tissue engineering, cellulose scaffolds provide a matrix for cell attachment and proliferation, supporting the development of artificial skin, cartilage, and other tissues. Furthermore, regenerated cellulose fibers, used as absorbable sutures, degrade within the body, eliminating the need for removal and proving advantageous for internal suturing. The medical textile industry relies heavily on regenerated cellulose fibers because of their unique properties that make them suitable for various applications, including wound care, surgical garments, and diagnostic materials. Regenerated cellulose fibers are produced by dissolving cellulose from natural sources and reconstituting it into fiber form, which can be customized for specific medical uses. This paper will explore the various types, properties, and applications of regenerated cellulose fibers in medical contexts, alongside an examination of its manufacturing processes and technologies, as well as associated challenges.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Properties, Production, and Recycling of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers: Special Medical Applications</dc:title> <dc:creator>Sandra Varnait臈-沤uravliova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Julija Baltu拧nikait臈-Guzaitien臈</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110348</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-16</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-16</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>348</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110348</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/348</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/347"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 347: Carbon Dot Micelles Synthesized from Leek Seeds in Applications for Cobalt (II) Sensing, Metal Ion Removal, and Cancer Therapy</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/347</link> <description>Popular photoluminescent (PL) nanomaterials, such as carbon dots, have attracted substantial attention from scientists due to their photophysical properties, biocompatibility, low cost, and diverse applicability. Carbon dots have been used in sensors, cell imaging, and cancer therapy. Leek seeds with anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant functions serve as traditional Chinese medicine. However, leek seeds have not been studied as a precursor of carbon dots. In this study, leek seeds underwent a supercritical fluid extraction process. Leek seed extract was obtained and then carbonized using a dry heating method, followed by hydrolysis to form carbon dot micelles (CD-micelles). CD-micelles exhibited analyte-induced PL quenching against Co2+ through the static quenching mechanism, with the formation of self-assembled Co2+-CD-micelle sphere particles. In addition, CD-micelles extracted metal ion through liquid&amp;amp;ndash;liquid extraction, with removal efficiencies of &amp;amp;gt;90% for Pb2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Pd2+, and Au3+. Moreover, CD-micelles exhibited ABTS&amp;amp;bull;+ radical scavenging ability and cytotoxicity for cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells. CD-micelles killed cisplatin-resistant small-cell lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with a cancer cell survival rate down to 12.8 &amp;amp;plusmn; 4.2%, with a similar treatment function to that of cisplatin. Consequently, CD-micelles functionalized as novel antioxidants show great potential as anticancer nanodrugs in cancer treatment.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-15</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 347: Carbon Dot Micelles Synthesized from Leek Seeds in Applications for Cobalt (II) Sensing, Metal Ion Removal, and Cancer Therapy</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/347">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110347</a></p> <p>Authors: Teh-Hua Tsai Wei Lo Hsiu-Yun Wang Tsung-Lin Tsai </p> <p>Popular photoluminescent (PL) nanomaterials, such as carbon dots, have attracted substantial attention from scientists due to their photophysical properties, biocompatibility, low cost, and diverse applicability. Carbon dots have been used in sensors, cell imaging, and cancer therapy. Leek seeds with anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant functions serve as traditional Chinese medicine. However, leek seeds have not been studied as a precursor of carbon dots. In this study, leek seeds underwent a supercritical fluid extraction process. Leek seed extract was obtained and then carbonized using a dry heating method, followed by hydrolysis to form carbon dot micelles (CD-micelles). CD-micelles exhibited analyte-induced PL quenching against Co2+ through the static quenching mechanism, with the formation of self-assembled Co2+-CD-micelle sphere particles. In addition, CD-micelles extracted metal ion through liquid&amp;amp;ndash;liquid extraction, with removal efficiencies of &amp;amp;gt;90% for Pb2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Pd2+, and Au3+. Moreover, CD-micelles exhibited ABTS&amp;amp;bull;+ radical scavenging ability and cytotoxicity for cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells. CD-micelles killed cisplatin-resistant small-cell lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with a cancer cell survival rate down to 12.8 &amp;amp;plusmn; 4.2%, with a similar treatment function to that of cisplatin. Consequently, CD-micelles functionalized as novel antioxidants show great potential as anticancer nanodrugs in cancer treatment.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Carbon Dot Micelles Synthesized from Leek Seeds in Applications for Cobalt (II) Sensing, Metal Ion Removal, and Cancer Therapy</dc:title> <dc:creator>Teh-Hua Tsai</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wei Lo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hsiu-Yun Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tsung-Lin Tsai</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110347</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>347</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110347</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/347</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/346"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 346: The Effects of Surface Patterning and Photobiomodulation on the Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in Osteoporotic Long Bones: An In Vivo Study in Rats</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/346</link> <description>This study aimed to assess the impact of titanium surface patterning used in combination with photobiomodulation therapy on enhancing osseointegration in osteoporotic bone fractures. C.p. titanium implants were employed, half with an unmodified surface and half with a modified one, showing a nanostructured cellular surface. Surface patterning aimed to obtain a complex morphology designed for better osseointegration, using a selective anodization process after photoresist coating. A total of 52 rats were used, of which 4 were sacrificed 12 weeks after ovariectomy to evaluate bone density. A total of 48 rats received titanium implants in both tibiae and underwent surgery for implant placement and bone fracture. Half of the rats were subjected to photobiomodulation. The times of sacrifice were 2, 4, and 6 weeks after finalizing LASER therapy. The evaluation methods were micro-CT scanning, the mechanical pull-force test, and morphology. Mechanical tests revealed a significant difference in the surface-patterned titanium with the LASER group at 2 weeks, but not at 4 and 6 weeks. This group outperformed regular titanium and titanium/LASER groups. Micro-CT showed no significant differences, while the morphology indicated better bone quality at 4 weeks in all LASER-treated groups. The effect of surface patterning and photobiomodulation leads to better osseointegration, especially in the earlier stages.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-14</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 346: The Effects of Surface Patterning and Photobiomodulation on the Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in Osteoporotic Long Bones: An In Vivo Study in Rats</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/346">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110346</a></p> <p>Authors: Theodor Popa Mircea Negrutiu Luciana Madalina Gherman Alina Deniza Ciubean Dan Ionut Cosma Dan Gheban Catalin Popa Laszlo Irsay </p> <p>This study aimed to assess the impact of titanium surface patterning used in combination with photobiomodulation therapy on enhancing osseointegration in osteoporotic bone fractures. C.p. titanium implants were employed, half with an unmodified surface and half with a modified one, showing a nanostructured cellular surface. Surface patterning aimed to obtain a complex morphology designed for better osseointegration, using a selective anodization process after photoresist coating. A total of 52 rats were used, of which 4 were sacrificed 12 weeks after ovariectomy to evaluate bone density. A total of 48 rats received titanium implants in both tibiae and underwent surgery for implant placement and bone fracture. Half of the rats were subjected to photobiomodulation. The times of sacrifice were 2, 4, and 6 weeks after finalizing LASER therapy. The evaluation methods were micro-CT scanning, the mechanical pull-force test, and morphology. Mechanical tests revealed a significant difference in the surface-patterned titanium with the LASER group at 2 weeks, but not at 4 and 6 weeks. This group outperformed regular titanium and titanium/LASER groups. Micro-CT showed no significant differences, while the morphology indicated better bone quality at 4 weeks in all LASER-treated groups. The effect of surface patterning and photobiomodulation leads to better osseointegration, especially in the earlier stages.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Effects of Surface Patterning and Photobiomodulation on the Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in Osteoporotic Long Bones: An In Vivo Study in Rats</dc:title> <dc:creator>Theodor Popa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mircea Negrutiu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luciana Madalina Gherman</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alina Deniza Ciubean</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dan Ionut Cosma</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dan Gheban</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Catalin Popa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Laszlo Irsay</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110346</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-14</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-14</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>346</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110346</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/346</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/345"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 345: Spheroid-Exosome-Based Bioprinting Technology in Regenerative Medicine</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/345</link> <description>Since the discovery that exosomes can exchange genes, their potential use as tools for tissue regeneration, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic applications has drawn significant attention. Emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies, such as bioprinting, which allows the printing of cells, proteins, DNA, and other biological materials, have demonstrated the potential to create complex body tissues or personalized 3D models. The use of 3D spheroids in bioprinting facilitates volumetric tissue reconstruction and accelerates tissue regeneration via exosome secretion. In this review, we discussed a convergence approach between two promising technologies for bioprinting and exosomes in regenerative medicine. Among the various 3D cell culture methods used for exosome production, we focused on spheroids, which are suitable for mass production by bioprinting. We then summarized the research results on cases of bioprinting applications using the spheroids and exosomes produced. If a large number of spheroids can be supplied through bioprinting, the spheroid-exosome-based bioprinting technology will provide new possibilities for application in tissue regeneration, disease diagnosis, and treatment.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-14</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 345: Spheroid-Exosome-Based Bioprinting Technology in Regenerative Medicine</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/345">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110345</a></p> <p>Authors: Hwa-Yong Lee Jin Woo Lee </p> <p>Since the discovery that exosomes can exchange genes, their potential use as tools for tissue regeneration, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic applications has drawn significant attention. Emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies, such as bioprinting, which allows the printing of cells, proteins, DNA, and other biological materials, have demonstrated the potential to create complex body tissues or personalized 3D models. The use of 3D spheroids in bioprinting facilitates volumetric tissue reconstruction and accelerates tissue regeneration via exosome secretion. In this review, we discussed a convergence approach between two promising technologies for bioprinting and exosomes in regenerative medicine. Among the various 3D cell culture methods used for exosome production, we focused on spheroids, which are suitable for mass production by bioprinting. We then summarized the research results on cases of bioprinting applications using the spheroids and exosomes produced. If a large number of spheroids can be supplied through bioprinting, the spheroid-exosome-based bioprinting technology will provide new possibilities for application in tissue regeneration, disease diagnosis, and treatment.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Spheroid-Exosome-Based Bioprinting Technology in Regenerative Medicine</dc:title> <dc:creator>Hwa-Yong Lee</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jin Woo Lee</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110345</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-14</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-14</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>345</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110345</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/345</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/344"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 344: Finite Element Combined Design and Material Optimization Addressing the Wear in Removable Implant Prosthodontics</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/344</link> <description>Wear at the male&amp;amp;ndash;female interface of retentive elements in implant-supported removable prostheses is the most frequent complication in such applications. The lack of an ideal/optimal insertion path, as well as the fabrication inaccuracies, are the primary contributors to this issue. A male attachment with a common ball anchor enhanced by lateral flexibility was investigated as a solution, compared to the widely used rigid ball anchor design. A parametric finite element analysis was performed to compare the wear-inducing maximum strain at the female polymer counterpart by various attachment designs made from titanium and Nitinol. The evolution of mechanical strains causing wear in the female part, as well as the contribution of stresses and martensitic transformation in the implant&amp;amp;rsquo;s flexible shaft, were evaluated under several insertion misfit scenarios. Results indicate that introducing a long flexible shaft in the titanium implant reduced maximum strains in the female attachment part by up to 61% as compared to the solid ball anchor. Further improvement was observed by using the shape memory alloy Nitinol as shaft material, leading to a minor reduction in stress and strain at the contact surface but allowing for a shorter abutment. Finally, the optimized Nitinol implant design with a short, necked flexible shaft promoting martensitic transformation at low plateau stress resulted in an approximate 90% reduction in maximum strains at the inner surface of the female part during manual insertion, which indicates a significantly reduced wear phenomenon at the contact.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-14</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 344: Finite Element Combined Design and Material Optimization Addressing the Wear in Removable Implant Prosthodontics</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/344">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110344</a></p> <p>Authors: Pejman Shayanfard Xingchen Tan Matthias Karl Frank Wendler </p> <p>Wear at the male&amp;amp;ndash;female interface of retentive elements in implant-supported removable prostheses is the most frequent complication in such applications. The lack of an ideal/optimal insertion path, as well as the fabrication inaccuracies, are the primary contributors to this issue. A male attachment with a common ball anchor enhanced by lateral flexibility was investigated as a solution, compared to the widely used rigid ball anchor design. A parametric finite element analysis was performed to compare the wear-inducing maximum strain at the female polymer counterpart by various attachment designs made from titanium and Nitinol. The evolution of mechanical strains causing wear in the female part, as well as the contribution of stresses and martensitic transformation in the implant&amp;amp;rsquo;s flexible shaft, were evaluated under several insertion misfit scenarios. Results indicate that introducing a long flexible shaft in the titanium implant reduced maximum strains in the female attachment part by up to 61% as compared to the solid ball anchor. Further improvement was observed by using the shape memory alloy Nitinol as shaft material, leading to a minor reduction in stress and strain at the contact surface but allowing for a shorter abutment. Finally, the optimized Nitinol implant design with a short, necked flexible shaft promoting martensitic transformation at low plateau stress resulted in an approximate 90% reduction in maximum strains at the inner surface of the female part during manual insertion, which indicates a significantly reduced wear phenomenon at the contact.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Finite Element Combined Design and Material Optimization Addressing the Wear in Removable Implant Prosthodontics</dc:title> <dc:creator>Pejman Shayanfard</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xingchen Tan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Matthias Karl</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Frank Wendler</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110344</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-14</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-14</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>344</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110344</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/344</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/343"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 343: The Effect of Micro-Computed Tomography Thresholding Methods on Bone Micromorphometric Analysis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/343</link> <description>Bone micromorphometric parameters are generally analyzed with micro CT to reveal two- and three-dimensional structures. These parameters are generally used for new bone formation studies such as tissue engineering and biomaterials studies. Different threshold methods are used for the image segmentation of bone micromorphometric parameters. However, these different threshold methods provide different results for the bones analyzed. This study aimed to compare thresholding methods to evaluate bone micromorphometric parameters in the mouse bone. A dataset containing 15 mouse tibia was used to analyze the different thresholding methods for bone micromorphometric parameter analysis. These threshold methods were used to analyze the mouse tibia (n = 15) with thresholded bones. The threshold methods and the analysis were used directly from CTAn (Bruker Micro-CT). The results were compared between the threshold methods, which included bone volume, trabecular number, connectivity, trabecular separation, and other parameters. There was agreement to some extent for all bone micromorphometric analyses using the different thresholding methods. The results showed that the thresholding method showed good agreement for connectivity and trabecular thickness, but the other parameters showed limited agreement. The evaluation of threshold methods allows for the comparison of image segmentation and the quantification of mouse tibia micromorphometric parameters. This study may enable the analysis of bone micromorphometric parameters using the relatively close threshold method in image segmentation across different research groups.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-13</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 343: The Effect of Micro-Computed Tomography Thresholding Methods on Bone Micromorphometric Analysis</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/343">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110343</a></p> <p>Authors: Arda Buyuksungur Bence Tam谩s Szab贸 Adrienn Dobai Kaan Orhan </p> <p>Bone micromorphometric parameters are generally analyzed with micro CT to reveal two- and three-dimensional structures. These parameters are generally used for new bone formation studies such as tissue engineering and biomaterials studies. Different threshold methods are used for the image segmentation of bone micromorphometric parameters. However, these different threshold methods provide different results for the bones analyzed. This study aimed to compare thresholding methods to evaluate bone micromorphometric parameters in the mouse bone. A dataset containing 15 mouse tibia was used to analyze the different thresholding methods for bone micromorphometric parameter analysis. These threshold methods were used to analyze the mouse tibia (n = 15) with thresholded bones. The threshold methods and the analysis were used directly from CTAn (Bruker Micro-CT). The results were compared between the threshold methods, which included bone volume, trabecular number, connectivity, trabecular separation, and other parameters. There was agreement to some extent for all bone micromorphometric analyses using the different thresholding methods. The results showed that the thresholding method showed good agreement for connectivity and trabecular thickness, but the other parameters showed limited agreement. The evaluation of threshold methods allows for the comparison of image segmentation and the quantification of mouse tibia micromorphometric parameters. This study may enable the analysis of bone micromorphometric parameters using the relatively close threshold method in image segmentation across different research groups.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Effect of Micro-Computed Tomography Thresholding Methods on Bone Micromorphometric Analysis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Arda Buyuksungur</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bence Tam谩s Szab贸</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Adrienn Dobai</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kaan Orhan</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110343</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-13</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-13</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>343</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110343</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/343</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/342"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 342: Neutrophils Respond Selectively to Physical Cues: Roughness Modulates Its Granule Release, and NETosis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/342</link> <description>Our study examined how different titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Ti64) and zirconia (ZrO2) surfaces, ranging from rough to very smooth, affect the expression of elastase (NE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils. Discs of Ti64 and ZrO2, 10 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick, were created using diamond-impregnated polishing burs and paste to produce rough (Ra &amp;amp;gt; 3 &amp;amp;micro;m), smooth (Ra &amp;amp;ge; 1 to 1.5 &amp;amp;micro;m), and very smooth (Ra &amp;amp;lt; 0.1 &amp;amp;micro;m) surfaces. Neutrophils from Wistar rats were cultured on these surfaces, and the culture supernatants were then examined for NE, MMP-8, and MMP-9 using ELISA. At the same time, NET formation was demonstrated immunohistochemically by staining neutrophils with CD16b and DNA with DAPI. Overall, the expressions of NE and MMP-8 were significantly higher from neutrophil culture on Ti64 and ZrO2 rough surfaces compared to the very smooth surface (R &amp;amp;gt; S &amp;amp;gt; VS) after 2 h and 4 h of culture. The expression of MMP-9 also increased with culture time; however, no significant surface effects on expression were observed. Similarly, rough Ti64 and ZrO2 surfaces (R &amp;amp;amp; S) also showed significantly larger NET formation compared to the very smooth surface (VS) after 4 h and 8 h cultures. Our findings suggest that increasing surface roughness on Ti64 and ZrO2 triggers higher NE, MMP-8, and NET formation secretion.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-13</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 342: Neutrophils Respond Selectively to Physical Cues: Roughness Modulates Its Granule Release, and NETosis</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/342">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110342</a></p> <p>Authors: Gayathiri Elangovan Daniel J. Fernandes Andrew Cameron Souptik Basu Joao Martins De Mello Neto Anna Peishan Jiang Peter Reher Stephen Hamlet Carlos Marcelo S. Figueredo </p> <p>Our study examined how different titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Ti64) and zirconia (ZrO2) surfaces, ranging from rough to very smooth, affect the expression of elastase (NE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils. Discs of Ti64 and ZrO2, 10 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick, were created using diamond-impregnated polishing burs and paste to produce rough (Ra &amp;amp;gt; 3 &amp;amp;micro;m), smooth (Ra &amp;amp;ge; 1 to 1.5 &amp;amp;micro;m), and very smooth (Ra &amp;amp;lt; 0.1 &amp;amp;micro;m) surfaces. Neutrophils from Wistar rats were cultured on these surfaces, and the culture supernatants were then examined for NE, MMP-8, and MMP-9 using ELISA. At the same time, NET formation was demonstrated immunohistochemically by staining neutrophils with CD16b and DNA with DAPI. Overall, the expressions of NE and MMP-8 were significantly higher from neutrophil culture on Ti64 and ZrO2 rough surfaces compared to the very smooth surface (R &amp;amp;gt; S &amp;amp;gt; VS) after 2 h and 4 h of culture. The expression of MMP-9 also increased with culture time; however, no significant surface effects on expression were observed. Similarly, rough Ti64 and ZrO2 surfaces (R &amp;amp;amp; S) also showed significantly larger NET formation compared to the very smooth surface (VS) after 4 h and 8 h cultures. Our findings suggest that increasing surface roughness on Ti64 and ZrO2 triggers higher NE, MMP-8, and NET formation secretion.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Neutrophils Respond Selectively to Physical Cues: Roughness Modulates Its Granule Release, and NETosis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Gayathiri Elangovan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniel J. Fernandes</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrew Cameron</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Souptik Basu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Joao Martins De Mello Neto</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anna Peishan Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Peter Reher</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Stephen Hamlet</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carlos Marcelo S. Figueredo</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110342</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-13</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-13</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>342</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110342</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/342</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/340"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 340: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/340</link> <description>Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their unique magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and versatility. This review comprehensively examines the synthesis methods, surface functionalization techniques, and diverse biomedical applications of IONPs. Various chemical and physical synthesis techniques, including coprecipitation, sol&amp;amp;ndash;gel processes, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal synthesis, and sonochemical routes, are discussed in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Surface functionalization strategies, such as ligand exchange, encapsulation, and silanization, are explored to enhance the biocompatibility and functionality of IONPs. Special emphasis is placed on the role of IONPs in biosensing technologies, where their magnetic and optical properties enable significant advancements, including in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors, fluorescence biosensors, and field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors. The review explores how IONPs enhance sensitivity and selectivity in detecting biomolecules, demonstrating their potential for point-of-care diagnostics. Additionally, biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and stem cell tracking are discussed. The challenges and future perspectives in the clinical translation of IONPs are also addressed, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their properties and ensure safety and efficacy in medical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future potential of IONPs in both biosensing and broader biomedical fields.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 340: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs)</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/340">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110340</a></p> <p>Authors: Mostafa Salehirozveh Parisa Dehghani Ivan Mijakovic </p> <p>Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their unique magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and versatility. This review comprehensively examines the synthesis methods, surface functionalization techniques, and diverse biomedical applications of IONPs. Various chemical and physical synthesis techniques, including coprecipitation, sol&amp;amp;ndash;gel processes, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal synthesis, and sonochemical routes, are discussed in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Surface functionalization strategies, such as ligand exchange, encapsulation, and silanization, are explored to enhance the biocompatibility and functionality of IONPs. Special emphasis is placed on the role of IONPs in biosensing technologies, where their magnetic and optical properties enable significant advancements, including in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensors, fluorescence biosensors, and field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors. The review explores how IONPs enhance sensitivity and selectivity in detecting biomolecules, demonstrating their potential for point-of-care diagnostics. Additionally, biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and stem cell tracking are discussed. The challenges and future perspectives in the clinical translation of IONPs are also addressed, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize their properties and ensure safety and efficacy in medical applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future potential of IONPs in both biosensing and broader biomedical fields.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Synthesis, Functionalization, and Biomedical Applications of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Mostafa Salehirozveh</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Parisa Dehghani</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ivan Mijakovic</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110340</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>340</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110340</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/340</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/341"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 341: In Vitro Microscopical and Microbiological Assessment of the Sealing Ability of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/341</link> <description>This in vitro study evaluated the sealing ability and microleakage of calcium silicate-based sealers compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer. One hundred twenty-five roots from anterior teeth were chemo-mechanically prepared and divided into four groups: AH Plus (AH), ProRoot MTA (PR), Medcem MTA (MC), and Total Fill BC Sealer/BC-coated gutta-percha (TF); n = 30. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure sealer penetration at three horizontal levels in 10 roots per group, while glucose leakage over 30 days was assessed in 20 roots. A lateral compaction technique was used for most groups, except for TF, which employed a single-cone method. Data were analyzed using Python with a Kruskal&amp;amp;ndash;Wallis test and Dunn&amp;amp;rsquo;s post hoc test. TF showed significantly greater penetration in the coronal and middle sections, while PR had the least penetration in the apical section. PR exhibited the highest canal circumference penetration, especially compared to MC and TF. Glucose leakage increased over time in all groups, with TF showing the highest permeability after 30 days. Overall, calcium silicate-based sealers PR, MC, and TF performed similarly to the epoxy resin standard AH, with all groups exhibiting decreasing penetration from coronal to apical and increased leakage over time.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 341: In Vitro Microscopical and Microbiological Assessment of the Sealing Ability of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/341">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110341</a></p> <p>Authors: Karin Christine Huth Sabina Noreen Wuersching Leander Benz Stefan Kist Maximilian Kollmuss </p> <p>This in vitro study evaluated the sealing ability and microleakage of calcium silicate-based sealers compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer. One hundred twenty-five roots from anterior teeth were chemo-mechanically prepared and divided into four groups: AH Plus (AH), ProRoot MTA (PR), Medcem MTA (MC), and Total Fill BC Sealer/BC-coated gutta-percha (TF); n = 30. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure sealer penetration at three horizontal levels in 10 roots per group, while glucose leakage over 30 days was assessed in 20 roots. A lateral compaction technique was used for most groups, except for TF, which employed a single-cone method. Data were analyzed using Python with a Kruskal&amp;amp;ndash;Wallis test and Dunn&amp;amp;rsquo;s post hoc test. TF showed significantly greater penetration in the coronal and middle sections, while PR had the least penetration in the apical section. PR exhibited the highest canal circumference penetration, especially compared to MC and TF. Glucose leakage increased over time in all groups, with TF showing the highest permeability after 30 days. Overall, calcium silicate-based sealers PR, MC, and TF performed similarly to the epoxy resin standard AH, with all groups exhibiting decreasing penetration from coronal to apical and increased leakage over time.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>In Vitro Microscopical and Microbiological Assessment of the Sealing Ability of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers</dc:title> <dc:creator>Karin Christine Huth</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sabina Noreen Wuersching</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Leander Benz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Stefan Kist</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maximilian Kollmuss</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110341</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>341</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110341</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/341</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/339"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 339: Propolis in Dental Implantology: A Systematic Review of Its Effects and Benefits</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/339</link> <description>Dental implants are widely recognized for their effectiveness in restoring missing teeth, yet their success is often compromised by infections or inadequate osseointegration. Propolis, a natural resinous substance with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties, has emerged as a promising adjunct in dental implantology. This systematic review critically evaluates the current evidence on the incorporation of propolis into dental implants, focusing on its impact on antimicrobial efficacy, bone healing, and overall implant stability. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42024577122. The PRISMA diagram visually represented the search strategy, screening, and inclusion process. Two reviewers conducted a comprehensive literature search across five databases: PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review synthesized findings from 13 studies; in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, highlighting that propolis significantly enhances antibacterial and antifungal activities against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus mutans, thereby reducing the risk of peri-implant infections. Additionally, propolis promotes osseointegration by stimulating osteoblast activity and reducing inflammatory cytokine expression, leading to improved bone formation and implant stability. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of propolis further contribute to a favorable healing environment, enhancing the long-term success of dental implants. The systematic review underscores the potential of propolis as a safe, biocompatible, and effective material for improving dental implant outcomes. However, it also identifies the need for more extensive clinical trials to fully establish standardized protocols for propolis application in implantology. This review provides an overview of propolis&amp;amp;rsquo;s potential role in dental implants and suggests promising avenues for future research to optimize its benefits in clinical practice.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 339: Propolis in Dental Implantology: A Systematic Review of Its Effects and Benefits</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/339">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110339</a></p> <p>Authors: Magdalena Syci艅ska-Dziarnowska Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld Magdalena Zi膮bka Krzysztof Wo藕niak Gianrico Spagnuolo </p> <p>Dental implants are widely recognized for their effectiveness in restoring missing teeth, yet their success is often compromised by infections or inadequate osseointegration. Propolis, a natural resinous substance with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic properties, has emerged as a promising adjunct in dental implantology. This systematic review critically evaluates the current evidence on the incorporation of propolis into dental implants, focusing on its impact on antimicrobial efficacy, bone healing, and overall implant stability. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42024577122. The PRISMA diagram visually represented the search strategy, screening, and inclusion process. Two reviewers conducted a comprehensive literature search across five databases: PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review synthesized findings from 13 studies; in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, highlighting that propolis significantly enhances antibacterial and antifungal activities against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus mutans, thereby reducing the risk of peri-implant infections. Additionally, propolis promotes osseointegration by stimulating osteoblast activity and reducing inflammatory cytokine expression, leading to improved bone formation and implant stability. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of propolis further contribute to a favorable healing environment, enhancing the long-term success of dental implants. The systematic review underscores the potential of propolis as a safe, biocompatible, and effective material for improving dental implant outcomes. However, it also identifies the need for more extensive clinical trials to fully establish standardized protocols for propolis application in implantology. This review provides an overview of propolis&amp;amp;rsquo;s potential role in dental implants and suggests promising avenues for future research to optimize its benefits in clinical practice.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Propolis in Dental Implantology: A Systematic Review of Its Effects and Benefits</dc:title> <dc:creator>Magdalena Syci艅ska-Dziarnowska</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Magdalena Zi膮bka</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Krzysztof Wo藕niak</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gianrico Spagnuolo</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110339</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Systematic Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>339</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110339</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/339</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/338"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 338: Marginal Discrepancy and Internal Fit of 3D-Printed Versus Milled Laminate Veneers: An In Vitro Study</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/338</link> <description>The clinical success of laminate veneers depends upon their marginal discrepancy (MD) and internal gap (IG). This study aims to compare and evaluate the MD, overall discrepancy (OD), absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), and IG of 3D-printed (Varseosmile TrinQ and Varseosmile Crown Plus) and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-milled (Brilliant Crios) laminate veneers using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty maxillary central incisors were prepared and divided randomly into three groups (n = 10). All teeth were scanned for veneer fabrication: Group PVT teeth with 3D-printed Varseosmile TrinQ, Group PVC teeth with 3D-printed Varseosmile Crown Plus, and Group BCM teeth with Brilliant Crios milled veneers. The specimens with respective veneers were scanned using CBCT, and the sectional images were measured for IG, MD, OD, and AMD. The mean values for MD recorded were 0.27, 0.31, and 0.40 for PVT, PVC, and BCM respectively). The mean values for IG recorded were as follows: PVT group&amp;amp;mdash;0.24, PVC group&amp;amp;mdash;0.28, and BCM group&amp;amp;mdash;0.39, and those for OD were as follows: PVT&amp;amp;mdash;0.22, PVC&amp;amp;mdash;0.32, and BCM&amp;amp;mdash;0.41. Intragroup significance was observed for IG and OD (p = 0.001). Findings revealed that milled veneers have a higher IG and MD than 3D-printed veneers, making them less clinically acceptable.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-11</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 338: Marginal Discrepancy and Internal Fit of 3D-Printed Versus Milled Laminate Veneers: An In Vitro Study</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/338">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110338</a></p> <p>Authors: Arwa Daghrery Honey Lunkad Khalid Mobarki Majed Alhazmi Hussain Khubrani Thilla Sekar Vinothkumar Eman Jabarti </p> <p>The clinical success of laminate veneers depends upon their marginal discrepancy (MD) and internal gap (IG). This study aims to compare and evaluate the MD, overall discrepancy (OD), absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), and IG of 3D-printed (Varseosmile TrinQ and Varseosmile Crown Plus) and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-milled (Brilliant Crios) laminate veneers using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty maxillary central incisors were prepared and divided randomly into three groups (n = 10). All teeth were scanned for veneer fabrication: Group PVT teeth with 3D-printed Varseosmile TrinQ, Group PVC teeth with 3D-printed Varseosmile Crown Plus, and Group BCM teeth with Brilliant Crios milled veneers. The specimens with respective veneers were scanned using CBCT, and the sectional images were measured for IG, MD, OD, and AMD. The mean values for MD recorded were 0.27, 0.31, and 0.40 for PVT, PVC, and BCM respectively). The mean values for IG recorded were as follows: PVT group&amp;amp;mdash;0.24, PVC group&amp;amp;mdash;0.28, and BCM group&amp;amp;mdash;0.39, and those for OD were as follows: PVT&amp;amp;mdash;0.22, PVC&amp;amp;mdash;0.32, and BCM&amp;amp;mdash;0.41. Intragroup significance was observed for IG and OD (p = 0.001). Findings revealed that milled veneers have a higher IG and MD than 3D-printed veneers, making them less clinically acceptable.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Marginal Discrepancy and Internal Fit of 3D-Printed Versus Milled Laminate Veneers: An In Vitro Study</dc:title> <dc:creator>Arwa Daghrery</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Honey Lunkad</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Khalid Mobarki</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Majed Alhazmi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hussain Khubrani</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Thilla Sekar Vinothkumar</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Eman Jabarti</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110338</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>338</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110338</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/338</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/337"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 337: Enhancing the Biological Properties of Organic&amp;ndash;Inorganic Hybrid Calcium Silicate Cements: An In Vitro Study</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/337</link> <description>(1) Background: This study aimed to enhance the biological properties of hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) by incorporating organic and inorganic components, specifically elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) and bioactive glass (BAG). We focused on the effects of these composites on the viability, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs). (2) Methods: Proroot MTA was supplemented with 1&amp;amp;ndash;5 wt% 63S BAG and 10 wt% ELP. The experimental groups contained various combinations of HSCS with ELP and BAG. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, cell migration was evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays, and osteogenic activity was determined through Alizarin Red S staining and a gene expression analysis of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX-2, OCN, and Col1A2). (3) Results: The combination of ELP and BAG significantly enhanced the viability of hPDLFs with an optimal BAG concentration of 1&amp;amp;ndash;4%. Cell migration assays demonstrated faster migration rates in groups with 2&amp;amp;ndash;4% BAG and ELP incorporation. Osteogenic activity was the highest with 2&amp;amp;ndash;3% BAG incorporation with ELP, as evidenced by intense Alizarin Red S staining and the upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers. (4) Conclusions: The incorporation of ELP (organic) and BAG (inorganic) into HCSC significantly enhances the viability, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLFs. These findings suggest that composite HCSC might support healing in destructed bone lesions in endodontics.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-10</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 337: Enhancing the Biological Properties of Organic&amp;ndash;Inorganic Hybrid Calcium Silicate Cements: An In Vitro Study</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/337">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110337</a></p> <p>Authors: Minji Choi Jiyoung Kwon Ji-Hyun Jang Duck-Su Kim Hyun-Jung Kim </p> <p>(1) Background: This study aimed to enhance the biological properties of hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) by incorporating organic and inorganic components, specifically elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) and bioactive glass (BAG). We focused on the effects of these composites on the viability, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs). (2) Methods: Proroot MTA was supplemented with 1&amp;amp;ndash;5 wt% 63S BAG and 10 wt% ELP. The experimental groups contained various combinations of HSCS with ELP and BAG. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, cell migration was evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays, and osteogenic activity was determined through Alizarin Red S staining and a gene expression analysis of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX-2, OCN, and Col1A2). (3) Results: The combination of ELP and BAG significantly enhanced the viability of hPDLFs with an optimal BAG concentration of 1&amp;amp;ndash;4%. Cell migration assays demonstrated faster migration rates in groups with 2&amp;amp;ndash;4% BAG and ELP incorporation. Osteogenic activity was the highest with 2&amp;amp;ndash;3% BAG incorporation with ELP, as evidenced by intense Alizarin Red S staining and the upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers. (4) Conclusions: The incorporation of ELP (organic) and BAG (inorganic) into HCSC significantly enhances the viability, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLFs. These findings suggest that composite HCSC might support healing in destructed bone lesions in endodontics.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Enhancing the Biological Properties of Organic&amp;amp;ndash;Inorganic Hybrid Calcium Silicate Cements: An In Vitro Study</dc:title> <dc:creator>Minji Choi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiyoung Kwon</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ji-Hyun Jang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Duck-Su Kim</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hyun-Jung Kim</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110337</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-10</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-10</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>337</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110337</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/337</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/335"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 335: Advancing Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Treatment: Enhanced Biomechanical Support Through Graphene Oxide-Integrated Bioengineered Grafts Tested In Silico</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/335</link> <description>Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) is a progressive orthopedic condition causing the collapse of the foot&amp;amp;rsquo;s medial longitudinal arch, often linked with injuries to the plantar arch&amp;amp;rsquo;s passive stabilizers, such as the spring ligament (SL) and plantar fascia. Conventional treatment typically involves replacing the SL with synthetic material grafts, which, while providing mechanical support, lack the biological compatibility of native ligaments. In response to this shortcoming, our study developed an electrospun, twisted polymeric graft made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and type B gelatin (GT), enhanced with graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional nanomaterial, to bolster biomechanical attributes. The addition of GO aimed to match the native ligamentous tissue&amp;amp;rsquo;s mechanical strength, with the PCL-GT-GO 2.0% blend demonstrating an optimal Young&amp;amp;rsquo;s modulus of 240.75 MPa. Furthermore, the graft showcased excellent biocompatibility, evidenced by non-hemolytic reactions, suitable wettability and favorable platelet aggregation&amp;amp;mdash;essential features for promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. An MTT assay revealed cell viability exceeding 80% after 48 h of exposure, highlighting the potential of the graft as a regenerative scaffold for affected ligaments. Computational modeling of the human foot across various AAFD stages assessed the graft&amp;amp;rsquo;s in situ performance, with the PCL-GT-OG 2.0% graft efficiently preventing plantar arch collapse and offering hindfoot pronator support. Our study, based on in silico simulations, suggests that this bioengineered graft holds significant promise as an alternative treatment in AAFD surgery, marking a leap forward in the integration of advanced materials science for enhanced patient care.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-09</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 335: Advancing Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Treatment: Enhanced Biomechanical Support Through Graphene Oxide-Integrated Bioengineered Grafts Tested In Silico</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/335">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110335</a></p> <p>Authors: Sebasti谩n Nieto M贸nica Gantiva-D铆az Mar铆a A. Hoyos Yuliet Montoya Juan C. Cruz Christian Cifuentes-De la Portilla </p> <p>Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) is a progressive orthopedic condition causing the collapse of the foot&amp;amp;rsquo;s medial longitudinal arch, often linked with injuries to the plantar arch&amp;amp;rsquo;s passive stabilizers, such as the spring ligament (SL) and plantar fascia. Conventional treatment typically involves replacing the SL with synthetic material grafts, which, while providing mechanical support, lack the biological compatibility of native ligaments. In response to this shortcoming, our study developed an electrospun, twisted polymeric graft made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and type B gelatin (GT), enhanced with graphene oxide (GO), a two-dimensional nanomaterial, to bolster biomechanical attributes. The addition of GO aimed to match the native ligamentous tissue&amp;amp;rsquo;s mechanical strength, with the PCL-GT-GO 2.0% blend demonstrating an optimal Young&amp;amp;rsquo;s modulus of 240.75 MPa. Furthermore, the graft showcased excellent biocompatibility, evidenced by non-hemolytic reactions, suitable wettability and favorable platelet aggregation&amp;amp;mdash;essential features for promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. An MTT assay revealed cell viability exceeding 80% after 48 h of exposure, highlighting the potential of the graft as a regenerative scaffold for affected ligaments. Computational modeling of the human foot across various AAFD stages assessed the graft&amp;amp;rsquo;s in situ performance, with the PCL-GT-OG 2.0% graft efficiently preventing plantar arch collapse and offering hindfoot pronator support. Our study, based on in silico simulations, suggests that this bioengineered graft holds significant promise as an alternative treatment in AAFD surgery, marking a leap forward in the integration of advanced materials science for enhanced patient care.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Advancing Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Treatment: Enhanced Biomechanical Support Through Graphene Oxide-Integrated Bioengineered Grafts Tested In Silico</dc:title> <dc:creator>Sebasti谩n Nieto</dc:creator> <dc:creator>M贸nica Gantiva-D铆az</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mar铆a A. Hoyos</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuliet Montoya</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juan C. Cruz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Christian Cifuentes-De la Portilla</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110335</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-09</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-09</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>335</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110335</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/335</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/336"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 336: Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Compared to Xenogenic Bone Graft in Treatment of Periodontal Intra-Osseous Defects&amp;mdash;A Prospective, Comparative Clinical Study</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/336</link> <description>Background: Periodontal intra-bony defects are challenging conditions in dental practice, often requiring regenerative approaches for successful treatment. This clinical study aimed to compare the effectiveness of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) versus xenogenic bone graft (BXG) in addressing intra-bony defects. Methods: Forty patients aged between 30 and 50 years presenting with generalized periodontitis were included. The study assessed various parameters, including relative attachment level (RAL); probing pocket depth (PPD); gingival marginal level (GML); intra-bony defect depth (IBDD) at baseline, 3, and 6 months; and level of pain, post-operative bleeding, and swelling, as patient-reported outcomes during the first seven days post operation. Results: The results revealed that both PRGF and BXG treatments led to significant reductions in IBDD over the 6-month study period. PRGF demonstrated significant advantages in GML enhancement and post-operative pain management during the initial post-treatment days. However, BXG showed a significantly greater reduction in IBDD compared to PRGF. Post-operative bleeding and swelling levels were comparable between the two treatments. Conclusions: These findings underscore the efficacy of both PRGF and BXG in periodontal regeneration, with treatment decisions guided by patient-specific factors and clinical goals.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-09</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 336: Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Compared to Xenogenic Bone Graft in Treatment of Periodontal Intra-Osseous Defects&amp;mdash;A Prospective, Comparative Clinical Study</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/336">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110336</a></p> <p>Authors: Sourav Panda Sital Panda Abhaya Chandra Das Natalia Lewkowicz Barbara Lapinska Margherita Tumedei Funda Goker Niccol貌 Cenzato Massimo Del Fabbro </p> <p>Background: Periodontal intra-bony defects are challenging conditions in dental practice, often requiring regenerative approaches for successful treatment. This clinical study aimed to compare the effectiveness of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) versus xenogenic bone graft (BXG) in addressing intra-bony defects. Methods: Forty patients aged between 30 and 50 years presenting with generalized periodontitis were included. The study assessed various parameters, including relative attachment level (RAL); probing pocket depth (PPD); gingival marginal level (GML); intra-bony defect depth (IBDD) at baseline, 3, and 6 months; and level of pain, post-operative bleeding, and swelling, as patient-reported outcomes during the first seven days post operation. Results: The results revealed that both PRGF and BXG treatments led to significant reductions in IBDD over the 6-month study period. PRGF demonstrated significant advantages in GML enhancement and post-operative pain management during the initial post-treatment days. However, BXG showed a significantly greater reduction in IBDD compared to PRGF. Post-operative bleeding and swelling levels were comparable between the two treatments. Conclusions: These findings underscore the efficacy of both PRGF and BXG in periodontal regeneration, with treatment decisions guided by patient-specific factors and clinical goals.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Compared to Xenogenic Bone Graft in Treatment of Periodontal Intra-Osseous Defects&amp;amp;mdash;A Prospective, Comparative Clinical Study</dc:title> <dc:creator>Sourav Panda</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sital Panda</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Abhaya Chandra Das</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Natalia Lewkowicz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Barbara Lapinska</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Margherita Tumedei</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Funda Goker</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Niccol貌 Cenzato</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Massimo Del Fabbro</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110336</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-09</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-09</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>336</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110336</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/336</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/334"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 334: Comparison of Plaque Accumulation Between Titanium and PEEK Healing Abutments</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/334</link> <description>Titanium (Ti) is considered the gold standard material for provisional implant restorations. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a polymeric thermoplastic material, has been progressively used in prosthetic, restorative, and implant dentistry. Recently, PEEK has been used in implant dentistry as a provisional implant restoration. Plaque accumulation and biofilm formation become the major concerns when infection and inflammation occur in the peri-implant tissue. Few reports were studied regarding the biofilm formation on the PEEK surface. This study aimed to compare plaque accumulation between the PEEK and Ti healing abutments. In an in vitro setting, the Ti healing abutment and PEEK healing abutment were subjected to biofilm formation; the result was collected after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days. Biofilms were studied following staining with crystal violet. The data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA. It was found that between Ti healing abutment and PEEK healing abutment materials, the biofilm formation on the PEEK surface is slightly higher than Ti, but no statistical difference (p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05) was found. The results suggested that plaque accumulation between the Ti healing abutment and the PEEK healing abutment was not different. We concluded that the plaque accumulation on the surface PEEK healing abutment was similar to the conventional Ti healing abutment materials. Hence, both the PEEK and Ti healing abutments can be used as a healing abutment biomaterial according to the requirements of the prostheses in implant dentistry.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-07</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 334: Comparison of Plaque Accumulation Between Titanium and PEEK Healing Abutments</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/334">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110334</a></p> <p>Authors: Suphachai Suphangul Patr Pujarern Dinesh Rokaya Chatruethai Kanchanasobhana Pimduen Rungsiyakull Pisaisit Chaijareenont </p> <p>Titanium (Ti) is considered the gold standard material for provisional implant restorations. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a polymeric thermoplastic material, has been progressively used in prosthetic, restorative, and implant dentistry. Recently, PEEK has been used in implant dentistry as a provisional implant restoration. Plaque accumulation and biofilm formation become the major concerns when infection and inflammation occur in the peri-implant tissue. Few reports were studied regarding the biofilm formation on the PEEK surface. This study aimed to compare plaque accumulation between the PEEK and Ti healing abutments. In an in vitro setting, the Ti healing abutment and PEEK healing abutment were subjected to biofilm formation; the result was collected after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days. Biofilms were studied following staining with crystal violet. The data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA. It was found that between Ti healing abutment and PEEK healing abutment materials, the biofilm formation on the PEEK surface is slightly higher than Ti, but no statistical difference (p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05) was found. The results suggested that plaque accumulation between the Ti healing abutment and the PEEK healing abutment was not different. We concluded that the plaque accumulation on the surface PEEK healing abutment was similar to the conventional Ti healing abutment materials. Hence, both the PEEK and Ti healing abutments can be used as a healing abutment biomaterial according to the requirements of the prostheses in implant dentistry.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Comparison of Plaque Accumulation Between Titanium and PEEK Healing Abutments</dc:title> <dc:creator>Suphachai Suphangul</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Patr Pujarern</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dinesh Rokaya</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chatruethai Kanchanasobhana</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pimduen Rungsiyakull</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pisaisit Chaijareenont</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110334</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>334</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110334</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/334</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/333"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 333: Near-Infrared Light Photodynamic Therapy with PEI-Capped Up-Conversion Nanoparticles and Chlorin e6 Induces Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/333</link> <description>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy in the oral cavity. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new alternative for the treatment of diseases using photosensitizers (PS) and light. In this study, we used a photosensitizer complex (Ce6-MnNPs&amp;amp;mdash;Chlorin e6 combined with up-conversion nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb/Er/Mn) to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of this treatment against oral cancer cells. We also investigated the mechanism of action of near-infrared light PDT (NIR-PDT) combined with the Ce6-MnNPs. After determining a suitable concentration of Ce6-MnNPs using an MTT assay, human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-3) were treated with NIR-PDT with Ce6-MnNPs. We examined the characteristics of Ce6-MnNPs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); a zeta potential and particle size analyzer; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); cell viability by MTT assay; and apoptosis by FITC-Annexin V/PI assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis-related mRNA level (Bax and Bcl-2) and p53 protein were also researched. NIR-PDT with 0.5 ng/&amp;amp;micro;L Ce6-MnNPs inhibited the proliferation of HSC-3 (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). After treatment with NIR-PDT, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis occurred (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01). The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and p53-positive cells increased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01). These results suggest that this treatment can induce apoptosis of oral cancer cells.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-07</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 333: Near-Infrared Light Photodynamic Therapy with PEI-Capped Up-Conversion Nanoparticles and Chlorin e6 Induces Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/333">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110333</a></p> <p>Authors: Jinhao Cui Yoshimasa Makita Tomoharu Okamura Chihoko Ikeda Shin-ichi Fujiwara Kazuya Tominaga </p> <p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy in the oral cavity. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new alternative for the treatment of diseases using photosensitizers (PS) and light. In this study, we used a photosensitizer complex (Ce6-MnNPs&amp;amp;mdash;Chlorin e6 combined with up-conversion nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb/Er/Mn) to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of this treatment against oral cancer cells. We also investigated the mechanism of action of near-infrared light PDT (NIR-PDT) combined with the Ce6-MnNPs. After determining a suitable concentration of Ce6-MnNPs using an MTT assay, human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC-3) were treated with NIR-PDT with Ce6-MnNPs. We examined the characteristics of Ce6-MnNPs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); a zeta potential and particle size analyzer; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); cell viability by MTT assay; and apoptosis by FITC-Annexin V/PI assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis-related mRNA level (Bax and Bcl-2) and p53 protein were also researched. NIR-PDT with 0.5 ng/&amp;amp;micro;L Ce6-MnNPs inhibited the proliferation of HSC-3 (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). After treatment with NIR-PDT, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis occurred (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01). The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and p53-positive cells increased (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01). These results suggest that this treatment can induce apoptosis of oral cancer cells.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Near-Infrared Light Photodynamic Therapy with PEI-Capped Up-Conversion Nanoparticles and Chlorin e6 Induces Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jinhao Cui</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yoshimasa Makita</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tomoharu Okamura</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chihoko Ikeda</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shin-ichi Fujiwara</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kazuya Tominaga</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110333</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>333</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110333</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/333</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/332"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 332: Bioactive Compounds Enhance the Biocompatibility and the Physical Properties of a Glass Ionomer Cement</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/332</link> <description>In order to characterize a novel restorative material, knowledge about the toxicological effect on human cells and the physical behavior of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing flavonoids was established. The flavonoids apigenin, naringenin, quercetin, and liquiritigenin were manually incorporated into a GIC. In the control group, no incorporation was performed. Two cell culture assays evaluated the toxicity of GICs: SRB and MTT. For both assays, the keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was exposed to GIC (n = 3/group) for 24 h. The physical properties of the GICs were evaluated by compressive strength (n = 10), surface roughness (n = 10), and hardness (n = 10) tests. Cell viability by SRB ranged from 103% to 97%. The control revealed a significant decrease in the metabolism of cells (61%) by MTT, while the GIC+apigenin slightly increased the succinic dehydrogenase activity (105%; p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05), also confirmed microscopically. The compressive strength and roughness values were similar among groups, but the hardness increased after the incorporation of naringenin and quercetin into GIC (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The incorporation of flavonoids positively altered the biological and physical properties of the GICs.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-07</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 332: Bioactive Compounds Enhance the Biocompatibility and the Physical Properties of a Glass Ionomer Cement</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/332">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110332</a></p> <p>Authors: Aline Rog茅ria Freire de Castilho Pedro Luiz Rosalen Marina Yasbeck Oliveira Jonny Burga-S谩nchez Simone Duarte Ramiro Mendon莽a Murata Regina Maria Puppin Rontani </p> <p>In order to characterize a novel restorative material, knowledge about the toxicological effect on human cells and the physical behavior of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing flavonoids was established. The flavonoids apigenin, naringenin, quercetin, and liquiritigenin were manually incorporated into a GIC. In the control group, no incorporation was performed. Two cell culture assays evaluated the toxicity of GICs: SRB and MTT. For both assays, the keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) was exposed to GIC (n = 3/group) for 24 h. The physical properties of the GICs were evaluated by compressive strength (n = 10), surface roughness (n = 10), and hardness (n = 10) tests. Cell viability by SRB ranged from 103% to 97%. The control revealed a significant decrease in the metabolism of cells (61%) by MTT, while the GIC+apigenin slightly increased the succinic dehydrogenase activity (105%; p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05), also confirmed microscopically. The compressive strength and roughness values were similar among groups, but the hardness increased after the incorporation of naringenin and quercetin into GIC (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The incorporation of flavonoids positively altered the biological and physical properties of the GICs.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Bioactive Compounds Enhance the Biocompatibility and the Physical Properties of a Glass Ionomer Cement</dc:title> <dc:creator>Aline Rog茅ria Freire de Castilho</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pedro Luiz Rosalen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marina Yasbeck Oliveira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jonny Burga-S谩nchez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Simone Duarte</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ramiro Mendon莽a Murata</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Regina Maria Puppin Rontani</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110332</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>332</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110332</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/332</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/331"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 331: Optimizing Bone Regeneration with Demineralized Dentin-Derived Graft Material: Impact of Demineralization Duration in a Rabbit Calvaria Model</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/331</link> <description>This study evaluated the regenerative potential of demineralized dentin-derived matrix (DDM) as a bone graft material in rabbit calvaria. DDM, sourced from extracted teeth, is emerging as an alternative to traditional grafts like allografts and xenografts. We aimed to identify the most effective demineralization protocol to optimize the regenerative capacity of DDM. Four groups were compared: a control group without grafts, a non-demineralized DDM group, and two demineralized DDM groups (15 and 30 min demineralization). Histomorphometric analysis was conducted in a randomized and blinded setting at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-graft placement. The results revealed that the 15 min demineralized DDM group showed the most significant new bone formation (42.51% &amp;amp;plusmn; 6.40% at 8 weeks; p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), suggesting its potential as a highly effective regenerative graft material.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-06</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 331: Optimizing Bone Regeneration with Demineralized Dentin-Derived Graft Material: Impact of Demineralization Duration in a Rabbit Calvaria Model</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/331">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110331</a></p> <p>Authors: Bounghoon Lee Hyunsuk Choi Dong-Seok Sohn </p> <p>This study evaluated the regenerative potential of demineralized dentin-derived matrix (DDM) as a bone graft material in rabbit calvaria. DDM, sourced from extracted teeth, is emerging as an alternative to traditional grafts like allografts and xenografts. We aimed to identify the most effective demineralization protocol to optimize the regenerative capacity of DDM. Four groups were compared: a control group without grafts, a non-demineralized DDM group, and two demineralized DDM groups (15 and 30 min demineralization). Histomorphometric analysis was conducted in a randomized and blinded setting at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-graft placement. The results revealed that the 15 min demineralized DDM group showed the most significant new bone formation (42.51% &amp;amp;plusmn; 6.40% at 8 weeks; p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05), suggesting its potential as a highly effective regenerative graft material.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Optimizing Bone Regeneration with Demineralized Dentin-Derived Graft Material: Impact of Demineralization Duration in a Rabbit Calvaria Model</dc:title> <dc:creator>Bounghoon Lee</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hyunsuk Choi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dong-Seok Sohn</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110331</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-06</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-06</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>331</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110331</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/331</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/330"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 330: Bioengineering the Junctional Epithelium in 3D Oral Mucosa Models</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/330</link> <description>Two-dimensional (2D) culture models and animal experiments have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and to test new treatment approaches. However, neither of them can reproduce the complexity of human periodontal tissues, making the development of a successful 3D oral mucosal model a necessity. The soft-tissue attachment formed around a tooth or an implant function like a biologic seal, protecting the deeper tissues from bacterial infection. The aim of this review is to explore the advancements made so far in the biofabrication of a junctional epithelium around a tooth-like or an implant insert in vitro. This review focuses on the origin of cells and the variety of extracellular components and biomaterials that have been used for the biofabrication of 3D oral mucosa models. The existing 3D models recapitulate soft-tissue attachment around implant abutments and hydroxyapatite discs. Hereby, the qualitative and quantitative assessments performed for evidencing the soft-tissue attachment are critically reviewed. In perspective, the design of sophisticated 3D models should work together for oral immunology and microbiology biofilms to accurately reproduce periodontal and peri-implant diseases.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-06</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 330: Bioengineering the Junctional Epithelium in 3D Oral Mucosa Models</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/330">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110330</a></p> <p>Authors: Marianna Gavriiloglou Mira Hammad Jordan M. Iliopoulos Pierre Layrolle Danae A. Apazidou </p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) culture models and animal experiments have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and to test new treatment approaches. However, neither of them can reproduce the complexity of human periodontal tissues, making the development of a successful 3D oral mucosal model a necessity. The soft-tissue attachment formed around a tooth or an implant function like a biologic seal, protecting the deeper tissues from bacterial infection. The aim of this review is to explore the advancements made so far in the biofabrication of a junctional epithelium around a tooth-like or an implant insert in vitro. This review focuses on the origin of cells and the variety of extracellular components and biomaterials that have been used for the biofabrication of 3D oral mucosa models. The existing 3D models recapitulate soft-tissue attachment around implant abutments and hydroxyapatite discs. Hereby, the qualitative and quantitative assessments performed for evidencing the soft-tissue attachment are critically reviewed. In perspective, the design of sophisticated 3D models should work together for oral immunology and microbiology biofilms to accurately reproduce periodontal and peri-implant diseases.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Bioengineering the Junctional Epithelium in 3D Oral Mucosa Models</dc:title> <dc:creator>Marianna Gavriiloglou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mira Hammad</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jordan M. Iliopoulos</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pierre Layrolle</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Danae A. Apazidou</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110330</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-06</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-06</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>330</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110330</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/330</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/329"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 329: Development of Nanocomposite Microspheres for Nasal Administration of Deferiprone in Neurodegenerative Disorders</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/329</link> <description>Elevated brain iron levels are characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. As an iron chelator with short biological half-life, deferiprone leads to agranulocytosis and neutropenia with a prolonged therapeutic course. Its inclusion in sustained-release dosage forms may reduce the frequency of administration. On the other hand, when administered by an alternative route of administration, such as the nasal route, systemic exposure to deferiprone will be reduced, thereby reducing the occurrence of adverse effects. Direct nose-to-brain delivery has been raised as a non-invasive strategy to deliver drugs to the brain, bypassing the blood&amp;amp;ndash;brain barrier. The aim of the study was to develop and characterize nanocomposite microspheres suitable for intranasal administration by combining nano- and microparticle-based approaches. Nanoparticles with an average particle size of 213 &amp;amp;plusmn; 56 nm based on the biodegradable polymer poly-&amp;amp;epsilon;-caprolactone were developed using the solvent evaporation method. To ensure the deposition of the particles in the nasal cavity and avoid exhalation or deposition into the small airways, the nanoparticles were incorporated into composite structures of sodium alginate obtained by spray drying. Deferiprone demonstrated sustained release from the nanocomposite microspheres and high iron-chelating activity.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-05</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 329: Development of Nanocomposite Microspheres for Nasal Administration of Deferiprone in Neurodegenerative Disorders</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/329">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110329</a></p> <p>Authors: Radka Boyuklieva Plamen Katsarov Plamen Zagorchev Silviya Abarova Asya Hristozova Bissera Pilicheva </p> <p>Elevated brain iron levels are characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. As an iron chelator with short biological half-life, deferiprone leads to agranulocytosis and neutropenia with a prolonged therapeutic course. Its inclusion in sustained-release dosage forms may reduce the frequency of administration. On the other hand, when administered by an alternative route of administration, such as the nasal route, systemic exposure to deferiprone will be reduced, thereby reducing the occurrence of adverse effects. Direct nose-to-brain delivery has been raised as a non-invasive strategy to deliver drugs to the brain, bypassing the blood&amp;amp;ndash;brain barrier. The aim of the study was to develop and characterize nanocomposite microspheres suitable for intranasal administration by combining nano- and microparticle-based approaches. Nanoparticles with an average particle size of 213 &amp;amp;plusmn; 56 nm based on the biodegradable polymer poly-&amp;amp;epsilon;-caprolactone were developed using the solvent evaporation method. To ensure the deposition of the particles in the nasal cavity and avoid exhalation or deposition into the small airways, the nanoparticles were incorporated into composite structures of sodium alginate obtained by spray drying. Deferiprone demonstrated sustained release from the nanocomposite microspheres and high iron-chelating activity.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Development of Nanocomposite Microspheres for Nasal Administration of Deferiprone in Neurodegenerative Disorders</dc:title> <dc:creator>Radka Boyuklieva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Plamen Katsarov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Plamen Zagorchev</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Silviya Abarova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Asya Hristozova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bissera Pilicheva</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110329</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-05</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-05</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>329</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110329</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/329</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/328"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 328: Sonification of Deproteinized Bovine Bone Functionalized with Genistein Enhances Bone Repair in Peri-Implant Bone Defects in Ovariectomized Rats</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/328</link> <description>Estrogen deficiency is one of several contributing factors to catabolic changes in bone surrounding dental implants, impairing bone repair in defects requiring bone regeneration. Functionalizing bone substitutes is an alternative approach among various strategies to address this challenge. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of functionalizing deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss&amp;amp;reg;, BO) with genistein via sonication on peri-implant bone defects in ovariectomized rats. The animals were randomly distributed according to the treatment into the following four groups (n = 10): BO sonicated with genistein (BOS + GEN), BO sonicated alone (BOS), untreated BO (BO), and blood clot only (CLOT). After twenty-eight days, implant removal torque was determined, and the peri-implant bone parameters were calculated based on computed microtomography. Additionally, the gene expression of bone turnover markers was evaluated. As a main result, the functionalization with genistein increased implant removal torque and the peri-implant bone volume in the BOS + GEN group compared to both BOS and BO groups (both p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that the sonification of deproteinized bovine bone functionalized with genistein improves bone repair in peri-implant bone defects in ovariectomized rats.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-05</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 328: Sonification of Deproteinized Bovine Bone Functionalized with Genistein Enhances Bone Repair in Peri-Implant Bone Defects in Ovariectomized Rats</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/328">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110328</a></p> <p>Authors: Nath谩lia Dantas Duarte Gabriel Mulinari-Santos F谩bio Roberto de Souza Batista Marcelly Braga Gomes Naara Gabriela Monteiro Ana Cl谩udia Ervolino da Silva Reinhard Gruber Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho Pedro Henrique Silva Gomes-Ferreira Roberta Okamoto </p> <p>Estrogen deficiency is one of several contributing factors to catabolic changes in bone surrounding dental implants, impairing bone repair in defects requiring bone regeneration. Functionalizing bone substitutes is an alternative approach among various strategies to address this challenge. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of functionalizing deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss&amp;amp;reg;, BO) with genistein via sonication on peri-implant bone defects in ovariectomized rats. The animals were randomly distributed according to the treatment into the following four groups (n = 10): BO sonicated with genistein (BOS + GEN), BO sonicated alone (BOS), untreated BO (BO), and blood clot only (CLOT). After twenty-eight days, implant removal torque was determined, and the peri-implant bone parameters were calculated based on computed microtomography. Additionally, the gene expression of bone turnover markers was evaluated. As a main result, the functionalization with genistein increased implant removal torque and the peri-implant bone volume in the BOS + GEN group compared to both BOS and BO groups (both p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that the sonification of deproteinized bovine bone functionalized with genistein improves bone repair in peri-implant bone defects in ovariectomized rats.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Sonification of Deproteinized Bovine Bone Functionalized with Genistein Enhances Bone Repair in Peri-Implant Bone Defects in Ovariectomized Rats</dc:title> <dc:creator>Nath谩lia Dantas Duarte</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gabriel Mulinari-Santos</dc:creator> <dc:creator>F谩bio Roberto de Souza Batista</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marcelly Braga Gomes</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Naara Gabriela Monteiro</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ana Cl谩udia Ervolino da Silva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Reinhard Gruber</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pedro Henrique Silva Gomes-Ferreira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Roberta Okamoto</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110328</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-05</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-05</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>328</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110328</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/328</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/327"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 327: Calcium Phosphate Loaded with Curcumin Prodrug and Selenium Is Bifunctional in Osteosarcoma Treatments</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/327</link> <description>Although SeO32&amp;amp;minus; ions have been loaded onto calcium phosphate to treat a wide range of cancers, the quest to promote bone tissue regeneration is still ongoing. Curcumin (cur), an herbal extraction, can selectively inhibit tumor cells and promote osteogenesis. In this study, SeO32&amp;amp;minus; ions were co-precipitated in biomimetic calcium phosphate (Se@BioCaP), and modified curcumin prodrug (mcur) was adsorbed on diverse Se@BioCaP surfaces (mcur-Se@BioCaP-Ads). Co-precipitation yielded Se@BioCaP with a significantly higher Se content and exhibited a tailorable micro-/nanostructure. The favorable pH-responsive release of Se and mcur from mcur-Se@BioCaP-Ads showed a synergistic anticancer efficiency in OS cells, enhancing OS cell inhibition more than a single dose of them, which might be associated with ROS production in OS cells. In addition, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were also verified. These results suggest this novel mcur-Se@BioCaP-Ads has promising and widespread potential in OS treatments.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-03</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 327: Calcium Phosphate Loaded with Curcumin Prodrug and Selenium Is Bifunctional in Osteosarcoma Treatments</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/327">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110327</a></p> <p>Authors: Mingjie Wang Chunfeng Xu Dong Xu Chang Du Yuelian Liu </p> <p>Although SeO32&amp;amp;minus; ions have been loaded onto calcium phosphate to treat a wide range of cancers, the quest to promote bone tissue regeneration is still ongoing. Curcumin (cur), an herbal extraction, can selectively inhibit tumor cells and promote osteogenesis. In this study, SeO32&amp;amp;minus; ions were co-precipitated in biomimetic calcium phosphate (Se@BioCaP), and modified curcumin prodrug (mcur) was adsorbed on diverse Se@BioCaP surfaces (mcur-Se@BioCaP-Ads). Co-precipitation yielded Se@BioCaP with a significantly higher Se content and exhibited a tailorable micro-/nanostructure. The favorable pH-responsive release of Se and mcur from mcur-Se@BioCaP-Ads showed a synergistic anticancer efficiency in OS cells, enhancing OS cell inhibition more than a single dose of them, which might be associated with ROS production in OS cells. In addition, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were also verified. These results suggest this novel mcur-Se@BioCaP-Ads has promising and widespread potential in OS treatments.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Calcium Phosphate Loaded with Curcumin Prodrug and Selenium Is Bifunctional in Osteosarcoma Treatments</dc:title> <dc:creator>Mingjie Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chunfeng Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dong Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chang Du</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuelian Liu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110327</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>327</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110327</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/327</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/326"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 326: The Impact of Helium and Nitrogen Plasmas on Electrospun Gelatin Nanofiber Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering Applications</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/326</link> <description>This study explores the fabrication of tannic acid-crosslinked gelatin nanofibers via electrospinning, followed by helium and nitrogen plasma treatment to enhance their biofunctionality, which was assessed using fibroblast cells. The nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water contact angle measurements before and after treatment. Helium and nitrogen gas plasma were employed to modify the nanofiber surfaces. Results indicated that helium and nitrogen plasma treatment significantly increased the hydrophilicity and biofunctionality of the nanofibers by 5.1&amp;amp;deg; &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.6 and 15.6&amp;amp;deg; &amp;amp;plusmn; 2.2, respectively, making them more suitable for human skin fibroblast applications. To investigate the impact of plasma treatment on gelatin, we employed a computational model using density functional theory with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method. This model represented gelatin as an amino acid chain composed of glycine, hydroxyproline, and proline, interacting with plasma particles. Vibrational analysis of these systems was used to interpret the vibrational spectra of untreated and plasma-treated gelatin. To further correlate with experimental findings, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on a system of three interacting gelatin chains. These simulations explored changes in amino acid bonding. The computational results align with experimental observations. Comprehensive analyses confirmed that these treatments improved hydrophilicity and biofunctionality, supporting the use of plasma-treated gelatin nanofibers in skin tissue engineering applications. Gelatin&amp;amp;rsquo;s natural biopolymer properties and the versatility of plasma surface modification techniques underscore its potential in regenerating cartilage, skin, circulatory tissues, and hamstrings.</description> <pubDate>2024-11-01</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 326: The Impact of Helium and Nitrogen Plasmas on Electrospun Gelatin Nanofiber Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering Applications</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/326">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110326</a></p> <p>Authors: Abolfazl Mozaffari Mazeyar Parvinzadeh Gashti Farbod Alimohammadi Mohammad Pousti </p> <p>This study explores the fabrication of tannic acid-crosslinked gelatin nanofibers via electrospinning, followed by helium and nitrogen plasma treatment to enhance their biofunctionality, which was assessed using fibroblast cells. The nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water contact angle measurements before and after treatment. Helium and nitrogen gas plasma were employed to modify the nanofiber surfaces. Results indicated that helium and nitrogen plasma treatment significantly increased the hydrophilicity and biofunctionality of the nanofibers by 5.1&amp;amp;deg; &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.6 and 15.6&amp;amp;deg; &amp;amp;plusmn; 2.2, respectively, making them more suitable for human skin fibroblast applications. To investigate the impact of plasma treatment on gelatin, we employed a computational model using density functional theory with the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method. This model represented gelatin as an amino acid chain composed of glycine, hydroxyproline, and proline, interacting with plasma particles. Vibrational analysis of these systems was used to interpret the vibrational spectra of untreated and plasma-treated gelatin. To further correlate with experimental findings, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on a system of three interacting gelatin chains. These simulations explored changes in amino acid bonding. The computational results align with experimental observations. Comprehensive analyses confirmed that these treatments improved hydrophilicity and biofunctionality, supporting the use of plasma-treated gelatin nanofibers in skin tissue engineering applications. Gelatin&amp;amp;rsquo;s natural biopolymer properties and the versatility of plasma surface modification techniques underscore its potential in regenerating cartilage, skin, circulatory tissues, and hamstrings.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Impact of Helium and Nitrogen Plasmas on Electrospun Gelatin Nanofiber Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering Applications</dc:title> <dc:creator>Abolfazl Mozaffari</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mazeyar Parvinzadeh Gashti</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Farbod Alimohammadi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mohammad Pousti</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110326</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>326</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110326</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/326</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/325"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 325: Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/325</link> <description>In 2017, Europe implemented a ban on amalgam restorations for children aged &amp;amp;lt;15 years and for pregnant/breastfeeding women, highlighting the need for alternative filling materials exhibiting less surface roughness and enhanced longevity. This in vitro study aimed to examine the surface roughness variations of five amalgam-replacement materials across three time points and using six finishing methods: (1) no finishing (control), (2) Arkansas burs, (3) diamond burs, (4) tungsten carbide burs, (5) SofLex discs in descending grit size, and (6) coarse SofLex discs combined with silicone polishing. We prepared 960 samples. Each material group, i.e., Cention Forte (CNF), DeltaFil (DLF), Ketac Universal (KTU), IonoStar Molar (ISM), and Equia Forte HT (EQF), comprised 60 samples (n = 10 per finishing method) created using standardized 3D-printed metal molds. Surface roughness (Sa) was measured immediately after finishing, after 30 days of storage in distilled water, and after thermocycling (5000 cycles) using a non-contact profilometer. The results indicate that conventional and hybrid glass-ionomer cements have smoother surfaces than high-viscosity GICs. The DLF and CNF groups exhibited stable outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate finishing methods based on the restorative material to minimize surface roughness.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-31</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 325: Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/325">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110325</a></p> <p>Authors: Alexander Behlau Isabelle Behlau Michael Payer Gerd Leitinger Katharina Hanscho Lumnije Kqiku Karl Glockner </p> <p>In 2017, Europe implemented a ban on amalgam restorations for children aged &amp;amp;lt;15 years and for pregnant/breastfeeding women, highlighting the need for alternative filling materials exhibiting less surface roughness and enhanced longevity. This in vitro study aimed to examine the surface roughness variations of five amalgam-replacement materials across three time points and using six finishing methods: (1) no finishing (control), (2) Arkansas burs, (3) diamond burs, (4) tungsten carbide burs, (5) SofLex discs in descending grit size, and (6) coarse SofLex discs combined with silicone polishing. We prepared 960 samples. Each material group, i.e., Cention Forte (CNF), DeltaFil (DLF), Ketac Universal (KTU), IonoStar Molar (ISM), and Equia Forte HT (EQF), comprised 60 samples (n = 10 per finishing method) created using standardized 3D-printed metal molds. Surface roughness (Sa) was measured immediately after finishing, after 30 days of storage in distilled water, and after thermocycling (5000 cycles) using a non-contact profilometer. The results indicate that conventional and hybrid glass-ionomer cements have smoother surfaces than high-viscosity GICs. The DLF and CNF groups exhibited stable outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate finishing methods based on the restorative material to minimize surface roughness.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation</dc:title> <dc:creator>Alexander Behlau</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Isabelle Behlau</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Michael Payer</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gerd Leitinger</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Katharina Hanscho</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lumnije Kqiku</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Karl Glockner</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110325</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>325</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110325</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/325</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/324"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 324: Unlocking Genome Editing: Advances and Obstacles in CRISPR/Cas Delivery Technologies</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/324</link> <description>CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated with protein 9) was first identified as a component of the bacterial adaptive immune system and subsequently engineered into a genome-editing tool. The key breakthrough in this field came with the realization that CRISPR/Cas9 could be used in mammalian cells to enable transformative genetic editing. This technology has since become a vital tool for various genetic manipulations, including gene knockouts, knock-in point mutations, and gene regulation at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. CRISPR/Cas9 holds great potential in human medicine, particularly for curing genetic disorders. However, despite significant innovation and advancement in genome editing, the technology still possesses critical limitations, such as off-target effects, immunogenicity issues, ethical considerations, regulatory hurdles, and the need for efficient delivery methods. To overcome these obstacles, efforts have focused on creating more accurate and reliable Cas9 nucleases and exploring innovative delivery methods. Recently, functional biomaterials and synthetic carriers have shown great potential as effective delivery vehicles for CRISPR/Cas9 components. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive survey of the existing CRISPR-Cas9 delivery strategies, including viral delivery, biomaterials-based delivery, synthetic carriers, and physical delivery techniques. We underscore the urgent need for effective delivery systems to fully unlock the power of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and realize a seamless transition from benchtop research to clinical applications.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-31</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 324: Unlocking Genome Editing: Advances and Obstacles in CRISPR/Cas Delivery Technologies</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/324">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110324</a></p> <p>Authors: Bibifatima Kaupbayeva Andrey Tsoy Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen) Ainetta Nurmagambetova Hironobu Murata Krzysztof Matyjaszewski Sholpan Askarova </p> <p>CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated with protein 9) was first identified as a component of the bacterial adaptive immune system and subsequently engineered into a genome-editing tool. The key breakthrough in this field came with the realization that CRISPR/Cas9 could be used in mammalian cells to enable transformative genetic editing. This technology has since become a vital tool for various genetic manipulations, including gene knockouts, knock-in point mutations, and gene regulation at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. CRISPR/Cas9 holds great potential in human medicine, particularly for curing genetic disorders. However, despite significant innovation and advancement in genome editing, the technology still possesses critical limitations, such as off-target effects, immunogenicity issues, ethical considerations, regulatory hurdles, and the need for efficient delivery methods. To overcome these obstacles, efforts have focused on creating more accurate and reliable Cas9 nucleases and exploring innovative delivery methods. Recently, functional biomaterials and synthetic carriers have shown great potential as effective delivery vehicles for CRISPR/Cas9 components. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive survey of the existing CRISPR-Cas9 delivery strategies, including viral delivery, biomaterials-based delivery, synthetic carriers, and physical delivery techniques. We underscore the urgent need for effective delivery systems to fully unlock the power of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and realize a seamless transition from benchtop research to clinical applications.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Unlocking Genome Editing: Advances and Obstacles in CRISPR/Cas Delivery Technologies</dc:title> <dc:creator>Bibifatima Kaupbayeva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrey Tsoy</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen)</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ainetta Nurmagambetova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hironobu Murata</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Krzysztof Matyjaszewski</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sholpan Askarova</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110324</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>324</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110324</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/324</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/323"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 323: Calcium Silicate Promoting the Upcycling Potential of Polysulfone Medical Waste in Load-Bearing Applications</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/323</link> <description>Polysulfone (PSF) medical waste can be effectively repurposed due to its excellent mechanical properties. Due to the increasing need for load-bearing bone implants, it is crucial to prioritize the development of biocompatible polymer&amp;amp;ndash;matrix composites. Calcium silicate (CaSi), known for its osteogenesis and antibacterial properties, is widely used in medical applications. In this study, recycled PSF plastics in fiber or nanoparticle forms and commercial PSF products were used to create PSF-based composites filled with three different amounts (10, 20, and 30 vol%) of CaSi. The green compact was heat-treated at various temperatures. Experimental results showed that the mechanical interlocking of the PSF matrix and CaSi filler occurred due to the liquefaction of PSF fibers or nanoparticles during heat treatment. When the composite contained 20% CaSi, the obtained three-point bending strength exceeded 60 MPa, falling within the reported strength of compact bone. There was a concurrent improvement in the biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the PSF-based composites with the increasing amount of CaSi. Considering their mechanical properties and antibacterial activity, the 20% CaSi-containing PSF-based composites treated at 240 &amp;amp;deg;C emerged as a promising candidate for bone implant applications. This study demonstrated the feasibility of upcycling medical waste such as PSF as a matrix, opening doors for its potential usage in the medical field.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 323: Calcium Silicate Promoting the Upcycling Potential of Polysulfone Medical Waste in Load-Bearing Applications</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/323">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110323</a></p> <p>Authors: Chi-Nan Chang Jia-Jia Chung Huei-Yu Jiang Shinn-Jyh Ding </p> <p>Polysulfone (PSF) medical waste can be effectively repurposed due to its excellent mechanical properties. Due to the increasing need for load-bearing bone implants, it is crucial to prioritize the development of biocompatible polymer&amp;amp;ndash;matrix composites. Calcium silicate (CaSi), known for its osteogenesis and antibacterial properties, is widely used in medical applications. In this study, recycled PSF plastics in fiber or nanoparticle forms and commercial PSF products were used to create PSF-based composites filled with three different amounts (10, 20, and 30 vol%) of CaSi. The green compact was heat-treated at various temperatures. Experimental results showed that the mechanical interlocking of the PSF matrix and CaSi filler occurred due to the liquefaction of PSF fibers or nanoparticles during heat treatment. When the composite contained 20% CaSi, the obtained three-point bending strength exceeded 60 MPa, falling within the reported strength of compact bone. There was a concurrent improvement in the biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the PSF-based composites with the increasing amount of CaSi. Considering their mechanical properties and antibacterial activity, the 20% CaSi-containing PSF-based composites treated at 240 &amp;amp;deg;C emerged as a promising candidate for bone implant applications. This study demonstrated the feasibility of upcycling medical waste such as PSF as a matrix, opening doors for its potential usage in the medical field.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Calcium Silicate Promoting the Upcycling Potential of Polysulfone Medical Waste in Load-Bearing Applications</dc:title> <dc:creator>Chi-Nan Chang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jia-Jia Chung</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Huei-Yu Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shinn-Jyh Ding</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110323</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>323</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110323</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/323</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/322"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 322: Sericin Protein: Structure, Properties, and Applications</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/322</link> <description>Silk sericin, the glue protein binding fibroin fibers together, is present in the Bombyx mori silkworms&amp;amp;rsquo; cocoons. In recent years, sericin has gained attention for its wide range of properties and possible opportunities for various applications, as evidenced by the meta-analysis conducted in this review. Sericin extraction methods have evolved over the years to become more efficient and environmentally friendly, preserving its structure. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, UV-protective, anti-tyrosinase, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties, sericin is increasingly used in biomedical fields like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and serum-free cell culture media. Beyond healthcare, sericin shows promise in industries such as textiles, cosmetics, and food packaging. This review aims to highlight recent advancements in sericin extraction, research, and applications, while also summarizing key findings from earlier studies.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 322: Sericin Protein: Structure, Properties, and Applications</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/322">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110322</a></p> <p>Authors: Rony Aad Ivana Dragojlov Simone Vesentini </p> <p>Silk sericin, the glue protein binding fibroin fibers together, is present in the Bombyx mori silkworms&amp;amp;rsquo; cocoons. In recent years, sericin has gained attention for its wide range of properties and possible opportunities for various applications, as evidenced by the meta-analysis conducted in this review. Sericin extraction methods have evolved over the years to become more efficient and environmentally friendly, preserving its structure. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, UV-protective, anti-tyrosinase, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties, sericin is increasingly used in biomedical fields like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and serum-free cell culture media. Beyond healthcare, sericin shows promise in industries such as textiles, cosmetics, and food packaging. This review aims to highlight recent advancements in sericin extraction, research, and applications, while also summarizing key findings from earlier studies.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Sericin Protein: Structure, Properties, and Applications</dc:title> <dc:creator>Rony Aad</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ivana Dragojlov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Simone Vesentini</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110322</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>322</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110322</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/322</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/321"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 321: Enhancing Performance of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Hydrophilic Polyphenolic Coatings</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/321</link> <description>This study explores the application of a dopamine-assisted co-deposition strategy to modify the surface of daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Aiming to enhance the hydrophilicity of these typically hydrophobic lenses, we developed an industry-friendly process using simple dip coating in aqueous solutions. By co-depositing tannic acid, dopamine and chitosan derivative and employing periodate oxidation, we achieved a rapid and efficient coating process. High-molecular-weight branched polyethylene imine was introduced to promote surface reactions. The resulting lenses exhibited extreme hydrophilicity and lipid repellency without compromising their intrinsic properties or causing cytotoxicity. While the coating demonstrated partial antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, it offers a foundation for the further development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial coatings. This versatile and efficient process, capable of transforming hydrophobic contact lenses into hydrophilic ones in just 15 min, shows significant potential for improving comfort and performance in daily disposable contact lenses.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 321: Enhancing Performance of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Hydrophilic Polyphenolic Coatings</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/321">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110321</a></p> <p>Authors: Paul Demian Daichi Nagaya Roeya Refaei Kaoru Iwai Daiki Hasegawa Masaki Baba Phillip B. Messersmith Mouad Lamrani </p> <p>This study explores the application of a dopamine-assisted co-deposition strategy to modify the surface of daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Aiming to enhance the hydrophilicity of these typically hydrophobic lenses, we developed an industry-friendly process using simple dip coating in aqueous solutions. By co-depositing tannic acid, dopamine and chitosan derivative and employing periodate oxidation, we achieved a rapid and efficient coating process. High-molecular-weight branched polyethylene imine was introduced to promote surface reactions. The resulting lenses exhibited extreme hydrophilicity and lipid repellency without compromising their intrinsic properties or causing cytotoxicity. While the coating demonstrated partial antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, it offers a foundation for the further development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial coatings. This versatile and efficient process, capable of transforming hydrophobic contact lenses into hydrophilic ones in just 15 min, shows significant potential for improving comfort and performance in daily disposable contact lenses.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Enhancing Performance of Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses with Hydrophilic Polyphenolic Coatings</dc:title> <dc:creator>Paul Demian</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daichi Nagaya</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Roeya Refaei</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kaoru Iwai</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daiki Hasegawa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Masaki Baba</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Phillip B. Messersmith</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mouad Lamrani</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110321</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>321</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110321</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/321</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/320"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 320: Innovative Strategies and Methodologies in Antimicrobial Peptide Design</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/320</link> <description>Multiple lines of research have led to the hypothesis that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of the innate immune response, playing a vital role in the defense against a wide range of infectious diseases. In this review, we explore the occurrence and availability of antimicrobial proteins and peptides across various species, highlighting their natural abundance and evolutionary significance. The design of AMPs has been driven by the identification of key structural and functional features, which are essential for optimizing their antimicrobial activity and reducing toxicity to host cells. We discuss various approaches, including rational design, high-throughput screening, and computational modeling, that have been employed to develop novel AMPs with enhanced efficacy. A particular focus is given to the identification and characterization of peptide fragments derived from naturally occurring host defense proteins, which offer a promising avenue for the discovery of new AMPs. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools into AMP research has further accelerated the identification, optimization, and application of these peptides. This review also discusses the current status and therapeutic potential of AMPs, emphasizing their role in addressing the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. The conclusion highlights the importance of continued research and innovation in AMP development to fully harness their potential as next-generation antimicrobial agents.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 320: Innovative Strategies and Methodologies in Antimicrobial Peptide Design</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/320">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110320</a></p> <p>Authors: Devesh Pratap Verma Amit Kumar Tripathi Ashwani Kumar Thakur </p> <p>Multiple lines of research have led to the hypothesis that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of the innate immune response, playing a vital role in the defense against a wide range of infectious diseases. In this review, we explore the occurrence and availability of antimicrobial proteins and peptides across various species, highlighting their natural abundance and evolutionary significance. The design of AMPs has been driven by the identification of key structural and functional features, which are essential for optimizing their antimicrobial activity and reducing toxicity to host cells. We discuss various approaches, including rational design, high-throughput screening, and computational modeling, that have been employed to develop novel AMPs with enhanced efficacy. A particular focus is given to the identification and characterization of peptide fragments derived from naturally occurring host defense proteins, which offer a promising avenue for the discovery of new AMPs. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools into AMP research has further accelerated the identification, optimization, and application of these peptides. This review also discusses the current status and therapeutic potential of AMPs, emphasizing their role in addressing the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. The conclusion highlights the importance of continued research and innovation in AMP development to fully harness their potential as next-generation antimicrobial agents.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Innovative Strategies and Methodologies in Antimicrobial Peptide Design</dc:title> <dc:creator>Devesh Pratap Verma</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Amit Kumar Tripathi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ashwani Kumar Thakur</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110320</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>320</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110320</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/320</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/319"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 319: Penetration of Non-Adhesive Gel-like Embolic Materials During Dural Vessels Embolization According to Characteristics of Tantalum Powder</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/319</link> <description>Tantalum powder is included in the composition of Non-Adhesive Gel-like Embolic Materials (NAGLEMs) for X-ray opacity. The duration of X-ray opacity during embolization is primarily associated with the particle size, which differs in the most used NAGLEMs&amp;amp;mdash;ONYX (Medtronic) and SQUID (Balt). NAGLEMs are widely used for the embolization of branches of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) in patients with chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs). Considering the size (5&amp;amp;ndash;15 microns) of the target dural vessels, we assumed that not only the viscosity of NAGLEMs, but also the size and shape of tantalum granules may be important for the penetration of these gel-like embolic agents and determine their behavior. A notable discrepancy in size was observed. The medium-sized granules in the SQUID 18 sample (0.443 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.086 microns, M &amp;amp;plusmn; SD) were found to be approximately ten times smaller than the tantalum granules in the ONYX 18 sample (5.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.33 microns, M &amp;amp;plusmn; SD).Tantalum granules in SQUID 18 have a regular spherical shape; in ONYX 18 they have an irregular angular shape. When comparing the behavior of gel-like embolic agents of the same viscosity during MMA embolization in patients with CSDHs (an average age of 62.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 14.3 years) in the group where SQUID 18 (n = 8) was used, the gel-like embolic agent in dural vessels demonstrated significantly greater penetration ability compared with the group where ONYX 18 (n = 8) was used. Accordingly, not only the viscosity of NAGLEMs, but also the size and shape of tantalum granules can have a significant effect on the penetration ability of gel compositions.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-27</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 319: Penetration of Non-Adhesive Gel-like Embolic Materials During Dural Vessels Embolization According to Characteristics of Tantalum Powder</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/319">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110319</a></p> <p>Authors: Andrey Petrov Arkady Ivanov Sergei Ermakov Egor Kolomin Anna Petrova Oleg Belokon Konstantin Samochernykh Larisa Rozhchenko </p> <p>Tantalum powder is included in the composition of Non-Adhesive Gel-like Embolic Materials (NAGLEMs) for X-ray opacity. The duration of X-ray opacity during embolization is primarily associated with the particle size, which differs in the most used NAGLEMs&amp;amp;mdash;ONYX (Medtronic) and SQUID (Balt). NAGLEMs are widely used for the embolization of branches of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) in patients with chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs). Considering the size (5&amp;amp;ndash;15 microns) of the target dural vessels, we assumed that not only the viscosity of NAGLEMs, but also the size and shape of tantalum granules may be important for the penetration of these gel-like embolic agents and determine their behavior. A notable discrepancy in size was observed. The medium-sized granules in the SQUID 18 sample (0.443 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.086 microns, M &amp;amp;plusmn; SD) were found to be approximately ten times smaller than the tantalum granules in the ONYX 18 sample (5.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.33 microns, M &amp;amp;plusmn; SD).Tantalum granules in SQUID 18 have a regular spherical shape; in ONYX 18 they have an irregular angular shape. When comparing the behavior of gel-like embolic agents of the same viscosity during MMA embolization in patients with CSDHs (an average age of 62.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 14.3 years) in the group where SQUID 18 (n = 8) was used, the gel-like embolic agent in dural vessels demonstrated significantly greater penetration ability compared with the group where ONYX 18 (n = 8) was used. Accordingly, not only the viscosity of NAGLEMs, but also the size and shape of tantalum granules can have a significant effect on the penetration ability of gel compositions.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Penetration of Non-Adhesive Gel-like Embolic Materials During Dural Vessels Embolization According to Characteristics of Tantalum Powder</dc:title> <dc:creator>Andrey Petrov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Arkady Ivanov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sergei Ermakov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Egor Kolomin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anna Petrova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Oleg Belokon</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Konstantin Samochernykh</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Larisa Rozhchenko</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110319</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-27</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-27</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>319</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110319</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/319</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/318"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 318: Recent Advances in the Preparation, Antibacterial Mechanisms, and Applications of Chitosan</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/318</link> <description>Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide derived from the deacetylation of chitin, is widely distributed in nature. Its antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity have given it extensive uses in medicine, food, and cosmetics. However, the significant impact of variations in the physicochemical properties of chitosan extracted from different sources on its application efficacy, as well as the considerable differences in its antimicrobial mechanisms under varying conditions, limit the full realization of its biological functions. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the structural characteristics of chitosan, its preparation methods from different sources, its antimicrobial mechanisms, and the factors influencing its antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, we highlight the latest applications of chitosan and its derivatives across various fields. We found that the use of microbial extraction shows promise as a new method for producing high-quality chitosan. By analyzing the different physicochemical properties of chitosan from various sources and the application of chitosan-based materials (such as nanoparticles, films, sponges, and hydrogels) prepared using different methods in biomedicine, food, agriculture, and cosmetics, we expect these findings to provide theoretical support for the broader utilization of chitosan.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-27</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 318: Recent Advances in the Preparation, Antibacterial Mechanisms, and Applications of Chitosan</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/318">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110318</a></p> <p>Authors: Kunjian Wu Ziyuan Yan Ziyang Wu Jiaye Li Wendi Zhong Linyu Ding Tian Zhong Tao Jiang </p> <p>Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide derived from the deacetylation of chitin, is widely distributed in nature. Its antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity have given it extensive uses in medicine, food, and cosmetics. However, the significant impact of variations in the physicochemical properties of chitosan extracted from different sources on its application efficacy, as well as the considerable differences in its antimicrobial mechanisms under varying conditions, limit the full realization of its biological functions. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the structural characteristics of chitosan, its preparation methods from different sources, its antimicrobial mechanisms, and the factors influencing its antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, we highlight the latest applications of chitosan and its derivatives across various fields. We found that the use of microbial extraction shows promise as a new method for producing high-quality chitosan. By analyzing the different physicochemical properties of chitosan from various sources and the application of chitosan-based materials (such as nanoparticles, films, sponges, and hydrogels) prepared using different methods in biomedicine, food, agriculture, and cosmetics, we expect these findings to provide theoretical support for the broader utilization of chitosan.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Recent Advances in the Preparation, Antibacterial Mechanisms, and Applications of Chitosan</dc:title> <dc:creator>Kunjian Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ziyuan Yan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ziyang Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiaye Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wendi Zhong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Linyu Ding</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tian Zhong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tao Jiang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110318</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-27</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-27</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>318</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110318</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/318</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/317"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 317: Multi-Scale Characterization of Conventional and Immediate Dental Implant Systems</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/317</link> <description>We hypothesized that the different post-implantation healing stages between the conventional and immediate implantations produce different amounts and tissue composition of the peri-implant bone. Thus, the objective of the current study was to examine whether the stability of dental implant systems is associated with characteristics of the interfacial bone area at different post-implanation healing periods. Mandibular molars were extracted from each beagle dog. After 10 weeks post-extraction, a screw-type titanium dental implant was placed in the molar location following a conventional dental implant (Con) procedure. Simultaneously, mandibular premolars were extracted and the same type of dental implant was placed in the distal site of the extracted premolar root following an immediate dental implant (Imm) procedure. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were not significantly different between Con and Imm groups at 0-, 3-, and 6-weeks post-implantation. However, 3D micro-computed tomography and 2D histological images confirmed that the Imm system had more gaps between the bone and implant than the Con system. On the other hand, the nanoindentation modulus value at the bone&amp;amp;ndash;implant interface was significantly higher for the Imm group than the Con group at both 3 weeks and 6 weeks post-implantation. The current results from multi-scale characterization suggest that the higher interfacial bone quality of the Imm system, despite its earlier post-implantation stage, plays a crucial role in maintaining stability comparable to that of the Con system.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 317: Multi-Scale Characterization of Conventional and Immediate Dental Implant Systems</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/317">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110317</a></p> <p>Authors: Seeun Mok Mori E. Naftulin Luiz Meirelles Minji Kim Jie Liu Christine H. Lee Hany A. Emam Courtney A. Jatana Hua-Hong Chien Ching-Chang Ko Do-Gyoon Kim </p> <p>We hypothesized that the different post-implantation healing stages between the conventional and immediate implantations produce different amounts and tissue composition of the peri-implant bone. Thus, the objective of the current study was to examine whether the stability of dental implant systems is associated with characteristics of the interfacial bone area at different post-implanation healing periods. Mandibular molars were extracted from each beagle dog. After 10 weeks post-extraction, a screw-type titanium dental implant was placed in the molar location following a conventional dental implant (Con) procedure. Simultaneously, mandibular premolars were extracted and the same type of dental implant was placed in the distal site of the extracted premolar root following an immediate dental implant (Imm) procedure. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were not significantly different between Con and Imm groups at 0-, 3-, and 6-weeks post-implantation. However, 3D micro-computed tomography and 2D histological images confirmed that the Imm system had more gaps between the bone and implant than the Con system. On the other hand, the nanoindentation modulus value at the bone&amp;amp;ndash;implant interface was significantly higher for the Imm group than the Con group at both 3 weeks and 6 weeks post-implantation. The current results from multi-scale characterization suggest that the higher interfacial bone quality of the Imm system, despite its earlier post-implantation stage, plays a crucial role in maintaining stability comparable to that of the Con system.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Multi-Scale Characterization of Conventional and Immediate Dental Implant Systems</dc:title> <dc:creator>Seeun Mok</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mori E. Naftulin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luiz Meirelles</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Minji Kim</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jie Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Christine H. Lee</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hany A. Emam</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Courtney A. Jatana</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hua-Hong Chien</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ching-Chang Ko</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Do-Gyoon Kim</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110317</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>317</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110317</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/317</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/316"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 316: Sodium Alginate Microneedles Loaded with Vancomycin for Skin Infections</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/316</link> <description>Background: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) present significant treatment challenges. These infections often require systemic antibiotics such as vancomycin, which poses a risk for increased bacterial resistance. Topical treatments are hindered by the barrier function of the skin, and microneedles (MNs) offer a promising solution, increasing patient compliance and negating the need for traditional needles. Methods: This study focused on the use of sodium alginate MNs for vancomycin delivery directly to the site of infection via a cost-effective micromolding technique. Dissolving polymeric MNs made of sodium alginate and loaded with vancomycin were fabricated and evaluated in terms of their physical properties, delivery ability, and antimicrobial activity. Results: The MNs achieved a 378 &amp;amp;mu;m depth of insertion into ex vivo skin and a 5.0 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0 mm zone of inhibition in agar disc diffusion assays. Furthermore, in ex vivo Franz cell experiments, the MNs delivered 34.46 &amp;amp;plusmn; 11.31 &amp;amp;mu;g of vancomycin with around 35% efficiency, with 9.88 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.57 &amp;amp;mu;g deposited in the skin after 24 h. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sodium alginate MNs are a viable platform for antimicrobial agent delivery in SSTIs. Future in vivo studies are essential to confirm the safety and effectiveness of this innovative method for clinical use.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 316: Sodium Alginate Microneedles Loaded with Vancomycin for Skin Infections</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/316">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110316</a></p> <p>Authors: Juhaina M. Abu Ershaid Han Zhang May Tayyem Akmal H. Sabri Ryan F. Donnelly Lalitkumar K. Vora </p> <p>Background: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) present significant treatment challenges. These infections often require systemic antibiotics such as vancomycin, which poses a risk for increased bacterial resistance. Topical treatments are hindered by the barrier function of the skin, and microneedles (MNs) offer a promising solution, increasing patient compliance and negating the need for traditional needles. Methods: This study focused on the use of sodium alginate MNs for vancomycin delivery directly to the site of infection via a cost-effective micromolding technique. Dissolving polymeric MNs made of sodium alginate and loaded with vancomycin were fabricated and evaluated in terms of their physical properties, delivery ability, and antimicrobial activity. Results: The MNs achieved a 378 &amp;amp;mu;m depth of insertion into ex vivo skin and a 5.0 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0 mm zone of inhibition in agar disc diffusion assays. Furthermore, in ex vivo Franz cell experiments, the MNs delivered 34.46 &amp;amp;plusmn; 11.31 &amp;amp;mu;g of vancomycin with around 35% efficiency, with 9.88 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.57 &amp;amp;mu;g deposited in the skin after 24 h. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sodium alginate MNs are a viable platform for antimicrobial agent delivery in SSTIs. Future in vivo studies are essential to confirm the safety and effectiveness of this innovative method for clinical use.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Sodium Alginate Microneedles Loaded with Vancomycin for Skin Infections</dc:title> <dc:creator>Juhaina M. Abu Ershaid</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Han Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>May Tayyem</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Akmal H. Sabri</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ryan F. Donnelly</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lalitkumar K. Vora</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110316</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>316</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110316</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/316</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/315"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 315: Effect of Surface-Immobilized States of Antimicrobial Peptides on Their Ability to Disrupt Bacterial Cell Membrane Structure</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/315</link> <description>Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) surfaces are widely used to inhibit biofilm formation and bacterial infection. However, endpoint-immobilized AMPs on surfaces are totally different from free-state AMPs due to the constraints of the surface. In this work, the interactions between AMPs and bacterial cell membranes were analyzed through coarse-grained molecular dynamics and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. This AMP disrupted membrane structure by altering the thickness and curvature of the membrane. Furthermore, the effect of surface-immobilized states of AMPs on their ability to disrupt membrane structure was revealed. The immobilized AMPs in the freeze-N system could bind to the membrane and disrupt the membrane structure through electrostatic forces between positively charged N-terminal amino acid residues and the negatively charged membrane, while the immobilized AMPs in the freeze-C system were repelled. The results will aid in the rational design of new AMP surfaces with enhanced efficacy and stability.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 315: Effect of Surface-Immobilized States of Antimicrobial Peptides on Their Ability to Disrupt Bacterial Cell Membrane Structure</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/315">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110315</a></p> <p>Authors: Tong Lou Xueqiang Zhuang Jiangfan Chang Yali Gao Xiuqin Bai </p> <p>Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) surfaces are widely used to inhibit biofilm formation and bacterial infection. However, endpoint-immobilized AMPs on surfaces are totally different from free-state AMPs due to the constraints of the surface. In this work, the interactions between AMPs and bacterial cell membranes were analyzed through coarse-grained molecular dynamics and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. This AMP disrupted membrane structure by altering the thickness and curvature of the membrane. Furthermore, the effect of surface-immobilized states of AMPs on their ability to disrupt membrane structure was revealed. The immobilized AMPs in the freeze-N system could bind to the membrane and disrupt the membrane structure through electrostatic forces between positively charged N-terminal amino acid residues and the negatively charged membrane, while the immobilized AMPs in the freeze-C system were repelled. The results will aid in the rational design of new AMP surfaces with enhanced efficacy and stability.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effect of Surface-Immobilized States of Antimicrobial Peptides on Their Ability to Disrupt Bacterial Cell Membrane Structure</dc:title> <dc:creator>Tong Lou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xueqiang Zhuang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jiangfan Chang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yali Gao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xiuqin Bai</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110315</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>315</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110315</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/315</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/314"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 314: Genetically Engineered Filamentous Bacteriophages Displaying TGF-&amp;beta;1 Promote Angiogenesis in 3D Microenvironments</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/314</link> <description>Combined 3D cell culture in vitro assays with microenvironment-mimicking systems are effective for cell-based screening tests of drug and chemical toxicity. Filamentous bacteriophages have diverse applications in material science, drug delivery, tissue engineering, energy, and biosensor development. Specifically, genetically modified bacteriophages have the potential to deliver therapeutic molecules or genes to targeted tumor tissues. The engineered bacteriophages in this study significantly enhanced endothelial cell migration and tube formation within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Compared to TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1 alone and non-modified phages, the presence of TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1 on the bacteriophages demonstrated superior performance as a continuous stimulant in the microenvironment, effectively promoting these angiogenic processes. Assays, including RT-qPCR, ELISA, and fluorescence microscopy, confirmed the expression of angiogenic markers such as CD31, validating the formation of 3D angiogenic structures. Our findings indicate that the TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1 displayed by bacteriophages likely acted as a chemotactic factor, promoting the migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells (ECs) within the ECM. Although direct contact between ECs and bacteriophages was not explicitly confirmed, the observed effects strongly suggest that TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1-RGD bacteriophages contributed to the stimulation of angiogenic processes. The formation of angiogenic structures by ECs in the ECM was confirmed as three-dimensional and regulated by the surface treatment of microfluidic channels. These results suggest that biocompatible TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1-displaying bacteriophages could continuously stimulate the microenvironment in vitro for angiogenesis models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these functionalized bacteriophages have the potential to be utilized as versatile biomaterials in the field of biomedical engineering. Similar strategies could be applied to develop angiogenic matrices for tissue engineering in in vitro assays.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-24</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 314: Genetically Engineered Filamentous Bacteriophages Displaying TGF-&amp;beta;1 Promote Angiogenesis in 3D Microenvironments</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/314">doi: 10.3390/jfb15110314</a></p> <p>Authors: In-Hyuk Baek Volkhard Helms Youngjun Kim </p> <p>Combined 3D cell culture in vitro assays with microenvironment-mimicking systems are effective for cell-based screening tests of drug and chemical toxicity. Filamentous bacteriophages have diverse applications in material science, drug delivery, tissue engineering, energy, and biosensor development. Specifically, genetically modified bacteriophages have the potential to deliver therapeutic molecules or genes to targeted tumor tissues. The engineered bacteriophages in this study significantly enhanced endothelial cell migration and tube formation within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Compared to TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1 alone and non-modified phages, the presence of TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1 on the bacteriophages demonstrated superior performance as a continuous stimulant in the microenvironment, effectively promoting these angiogenic processes. Assays, including RT-qPCR, ELISA, and fluorescence microscopy, confirmed the expression of angiogenic markers such as CD31, validating the formation of 3D angiogenic structures. Our findings indicate that the TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1 displayed by bacteriophages likely acted as a chemotactic factor, promoting the migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells (ECs) within the ECM. Although direct contact between ECs and bacteriophages was not explicitly confirmed, the observed effects strongly suggest that TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1-RGD bacteriophages contributed to the stimulation of angiogenic processes. The formation of angiogenic structures by ECs in the ECM was confirmed as three-dimensional and regulated by the surface treatment of microfluidic channels. These results suggest that biocompatible TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1-displaying bacteriophages could continuously stimulate the microenvironment in vitro for angiogenesis models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these functionalized bacteriophages have the potential to be utilized as versatile biomaterials in the field of biomedical engineering. Similar strategies could be applied to develop angiogenic matrices for tissue engineering in in vitro assays.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Genetically Engineered Filamentous Bacteriophages Displaying TGF-&amp;amp;beta;1 Promote Angiogenesis in 3D Microenvironments</dc:title> <dc:creator>In-Hyuk Baek</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Volkhard Helms</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Youngjun Kim</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15110314</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>11</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>314</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15110314</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/314</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/313"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 313: Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour in Simulated Body Fluid of As-Fabricated 3D Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel Structures for Biomedical Implants</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/313</link> <description>Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for creating customised 316L Stainless Steel (SS) implants with biomimetic characteristics, controlled porosity, and optimal structural and functional properties. However, the behaviour of as-fabricated 3D 316L SS structures without any surface finishing in environments that simulate body fluids remains largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, the present study investigates the surface characteristics, the internal porosity, the corrosion in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the mechanical properties of as-fabricated 316L SS structures manufactured by L-PBF with rhombitruncated cuboctahedron (RTCO) unit cells with two distinct relative densities (10 and 35%). The microstructural analysis confirmed that the RTCO structure has a pure austenitic phase with a roughness of ~20 &amp;amp;micro;m and a fine cellular morphology. The micro-CT revealed the presence of keyholes and a lack of fusion pores in both RTCO structures. Despite the difference in the internal porosity, the mechanical properties of both structures remain within the range of bone tissue and in line with the Gibson and Ashby model. Additionally, the as-fabricated RTCO structures demonstrated passive corrosion behaviour in the SBF solution. Thus, as-fabricated porous structures are promising biomaterials for implants due to their suitable surface roughness, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance, facilitating bone tissue growth.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 313: Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour in Simulated Body Fluid of As-Fabricated 3D Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel Structures for Biomedical Implants</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/313">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100313</a></p> <p>Authors: Pedro Nogueira Jo茫o Magrinho Luis Reis Augusto Moita de Deus Maria Beatriz Silva Pedro Lopes Lu铆s Oliveira Ant贸nio Castela Ricardo Cl谩udio Jorge L. Alves Maria F谩tima Vaz Maria Carmezim Catarina Santos </p> <p>Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies for creating customised 316L Stainless Steel (SS) implants with biomimetic characteristics, controlled porosity, and optimal structural and functional properties. However, the behaviour of as-fabricated 3D 316L SS structures without any surface finishing in environments that simulate body fluids remains largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, the present study investigates the surface characteristics, the internal porosity, the corrosion in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the mechanical properties of as-fabricated 316L SS structures manufactured by L-PBF with rhombitruncated cuboctahedron (RTCO) unit cells with two distinct relative densities (10 and 35%). The microstructural analysis confirmed that the RTCO structure has a pure austenitic phase with a roughness of ~20 &amp;amp;micro;m and a fine cellular morphology. The micro-CT revealed the presence of keyholes and a lack of fusion pores in both RTCO structures. Despite the difference in the internal porosity, the mechanical properties of both structures remain within the range of bone tissue and in line with the Gibson and Ashby model. Additionally, the as-fabricated RTCO structures demonstrated passive corrosion behaviour in the SBF solution. Thus, as-fabricated porous structures are promising biomaterials for implants due to their suitable surface roughness, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance, facilitating bone tissue growth.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour in Simulated Body Fluid of As-Fabricated 3D Porous L-PBF 316L Stainless Steel Structures for Biomedical Implants</dc:title> <dc:creator>Pedro Nogueira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jo茫o Magrinho</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luis Reis</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Augusto Moita de Deus</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maria Beatriz Silva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pedro Lopes</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lu铆s Oliveira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ant贸nio Castela</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ricardo Cl谩udio</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jorge L. Alves</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maria F谩tima Vaz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maria Carmezim</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Catarina Santos</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100313</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>313</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100313</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/313</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/312"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 312: A pH-Responsive Ti-Based Local Drug Delivery System for Osteosarcoma Therapy</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/312</link> <description>Osteosarcoma is one of the major bone cancers, especially for youngsters. The current treatment usually requires systemic chemotherapy and the removal of bone tumors. Titanium (Ti)-based implants can be modified as local drug delivery (LDD) systems for controllable and localized chemotherapeutic drug release. In this work, a pH-responsive Ti-based LDD prototype was designed by introducing polydopamine (PDA) to release doxorubicin (DOX) around osteosarcoma cells with low pH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a contact angle meter were applied for surface characterization. Both direct and indirect cell culture modes were performed for biocompatibility and biofunction assessments. The results indicate that the Ti-based LDD prototype exhibits significant pH-dependent DOX release. The cumulative release can reach up to approximately 40% at pH = 6.0 after 72 h, but only around 20% at pH = 7.4. The Ti-based LDD implant shows good biocompatibility with approximately 93% viability of MC3T3 cells after direct culture in vitro for 24 h. Both direct and indirect culture modes verify the good anti-osteosarcoma function of the LDD implant, which should be attributed to the pH-responsive release of DOX.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 312: A pH-Responsive Ti-Based Local Drug Delivery System for Osteosarcoma Therapy</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/312">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100312</a></p> <p>Authors: Qinle Xiao Changjun Wan Zhe Zhang Hui Liu Pingting Liu Qianli Huang Dapeng Zhao </p> <p>Osteosarcoma is one of the major bone cancers, especially for youngsters. The current treatment usually requires systemic chemotherapy and the removal of bone tumors. Titanium (Ti)-based implants can be modified as local drug delivery (LDD) systems for controllable and localized chemotherapeutic drug release. In this work, a pH-responsive Ti-based LDD prototype was designed by introducing polydopamine (PDA) to release doxorubicin (DOX) around osteosarcoma cells with low pH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a contact angle meter were applied for surface characterization. Both direct and indirect cell culture modes were performed for biocompatibility and biofunction assessments. The results indicate that the Ti-based LDD prototype exhibits significant pH-dependent DOX release. The cumulative release can reach up to approximately 40% at pH = 6.0 after 72 h, but only around 20% at pH = 7.4. The Ti-based LDD implant shows good biocompatibility with approximately 93% viability of MC3T3 cells after direct culture in vitro for 24 h. Both direct and indirect culture modes verify the good anti-osteosarcoma function of the LDD implant, which should be attributed to the pH-responsive release of DOX.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>A pH-Responsive Ti-Based Local Drug Delivery System for Osteosarcoma Therapy</dc:title> <dc:creator>Qinle Xiao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Changjun Wan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhe Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hui Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pingting Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qianli Huang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dapeng Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100312</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>312</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100312</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/312</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/311"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 311: PLLA/GO Scaffolds Filled with Canine Placenta Hydrogel and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Repair in Goat Mandibles</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/311</link> <description>Bone defects in animals can arise from various causes, including diseases, neoplasms, and most commonly, trauma. Comminuted fractures that exceed the critical size may heal poorly due to deficient or interrupted vascularization, resulting in an insufficient number of progenitor cells necessary for bone regeneration. In this context, 3D printing techniques using poly-L-lactic acid/graphene oxide (PLLA/GO) aim to address this issue by creating customized scaffolds combined with canine placenta hydrogel and mesenchymal stem cells for use in goat mandibles, compared to a control group using titanium plate fixation. Ten canine placentas were decellularized and characterized using histological techniques. A hydrogel derived from the canine placenta extracellular matrix (cpECM) was produced to improve cell attachment to the scaffolds. In vitro cytotoxicity and cell adhesion to the cpECM hydrogel were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting biomaterials, cpECM hydrogel and PLLA/GO scaffolds, maintained their functional structure and supported cell adhesion, maintenance, and proliferation in vitro. Thermography showed that PLLA/GO scaffolds with cpECM hydrogel performed effectively, similar to the control group. Computed tomography scans revealed bone calluses, suggesting an ongoing repair process. These findings demonstrate the innovative technological potential of these materials for use in surgical interventions. Future studies on PLLA/GO scaffolds will provide further insights into their effects on goat models.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-20</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 311: PLLA/GO Scaffolds Filled with Canine Placenta Hydrogel and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Repair in Goat Mandibles</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/311">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100311</a></p> <p>Authors: Thamires Santos-Silva In谩cio Silva Viana Andrea Barros Piazzon S. Queiroz Fabr铆cio Singaretti de Oliveira Bianca de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira Leandro Norberto da Silva-J煤nior Michelle Silva Araujo Paulo Alescio Canola Lu铆s Gustavo Gosuen G. Dias Marcelo Melo Soares Maria Angelica Miglino </p> <p>Bone defects in animals can arise from various causes, including diseases, neoplasms, and most commonly, trauma. Comminuted fractures that exceed the critical size may heal poorly due to deficient or interrupted vascularization, resulting in an insufficient number of progenitor cells necessary for bone regeneration. In this context, 3D printing techniques using poly-L-lactic acid/graphene oxide (PLLA/GO) aim to address this issue by creating customized scaffolds combined with canine placenta hydrogel and mesenchymal stem cells for use in goat mandibles, compared to a control group using titanium plate fixation. Ten canine placentas were decellularized and characterized using histological techniques. A hydrogel derived from the canine placenta extracellular matrix (cpECM) was produced to improve cell attachment to the scaffolds. In vitro cytotoxicity and cell adhesion to the cpECM hydrogel were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting biomaterials, cpECM hydrogel and PLLA/GO scaffolds, maintained their functional structure and supported cell adhesion, maintenance, and proliferation in vitro. Thermography showed that PLLA/GO scaffolds with cpECM hydrogel performed effectively, similar to the control group. Computed tomography scans revealed bone calluses, suggesting an ongoing repair process. These findings demonstrate the innovative technological potential of these materials for use in surgical interventions. Future studies on PLLA/GO scaffolds will provide further insights into their effects on goat models.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>PLLA/GO Scaffolds Filled with Canine Placenta Hydrogel and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Repair in Goat Mandibles</dc:title> <dc:creator>Thamires Santos-Silva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>In谩cio Silva Viana</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrea Barros Piazzon S. Queiroz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fabr铆cio Singaretti de Oliveira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bianca de Oliveira Horvath-Pereira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Leandro Norberto da Silva-J煤nior</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Michelle Silva Araujo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Paulo Alescio Canola</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lu铆s Gustavo Gosuen G. Dias</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marcelo Melo Soares</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maria Angelica Miglino</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100311</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-20</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-20</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>311</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100311</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/311</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/310"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 310: Benzyldimethyldodecyl Ammonium Chloride-Doped Denture-Based Resin: Impact on Strength, Surface Properties, Antifungal Activities, and In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/310</link> <description>Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhering to denture-based resins (DBRs) is a known cause of denture stomatitis. A new approach to prevent denture stomatitis is to include antimicrobial substances within DBRs. Here, we examined the mechanical performance and antifungal properties of DBRs containing benzyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride (C12BDMA-Cl) as an antimicrobial compound. C12BDMA-Cl is a quaternary ammonium compound, and its antifungal properties have never been investigated when combined with dental acrylic resin. Therefore, we modified a commercially available heat-polymerized acrylic DBR to contain 3 and 5 wt.% of C12BDMA-Cl. Unmodified DBR was used as a control group. Specimens were prepared using the conventional heat processing method. The specimen&amp;amp;rsquo;s flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and surface roughness were evaluated. C. albicans biofilm was grown on the specimens and assessed via colony-forming units (CFUs) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In silico molecular docking was applied to predict the potential C12BDMA-Cl inhibition activity as an antifungal drug. The 3% C12BDMA-Cl DBR demonstrated antifungal activities without a deterioration effect on the mechanical performance. SEM images indicated fewer colonies in DBR containing C12BDMA-Cl, which can be a potential approach to managing denture stomatitis. In conclusion, C12BDMA-Cl is a promising antifungal agent for preventing and treating denture stomatitis.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-18</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 310: Benzyldimethyldodecyl Ammonium Chloride-Doped Denture-Based Resin: Impact on Strength, Surface Properties, Antifungal Activities, and In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/310">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100310</a></p> <p>Authors: Sarah Aldulaijan Raghad Alruwili Rawan Almulaify Fatimah A. Alhassan Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan Faris A. Alshahrani Lamia Mokeem Mohammed M. Gad Mary Anne S. Melo Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad </p> <p>Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhering to denture-based resins (DBRs) is a known cause of denture stomatitis. A new approach to prevent denture stomatitis is to include antimicrobial substances within DBRs. Here, we examined the mechanical performance and antifungal properties of DBRs containing benzyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride (C12BDMA-Cl) as an antimicrobial compound. C12BDMA-Cl is a quaternary ammonium compound, and its antifungal properties have never been investigated when combined with dental acrylic resin. Therefore, we modified a commercially available heat-polymerized acrylic DBR to contain 3 and 5 wt.% of C12BDMA-Cl. Unmodified DBR was used as a control group. Specimens were prepared using the conventional heat processing method. The specimen&amp;amp;rsquo;s flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and surface roughness were evaluated. C. albicans biofilm was grown on the specimens and assessed via colony-forming units (CFUs) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In silico molecular docking was applied to predict the potential C12BDMA-Cl inhibition activity as an antifungal drug. The 3% C12BDMA-Cl DBR demonstrated antifungal activities without a deterioration effect on the mechanical performance. SEM images indicated fewer colonies in DBR containing C12BDMA-Cl, which can be a potential approach to managing denture stomatitis. In conclusion, C12BDMA-Cl is a promising antifungal agent for preventing and treating denture stomatitis.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Benzyldimethyldodecyl Ammonium Chloride-Doped Denture-Based Resin: Impact on Strength, Surface Properties, Antifungal Activities, and In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Sarah Aldulaijan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Raghad Alruwili</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rawan Almulaify</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fatimah A. Alhassan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Faris A. Alshahrani</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lamia Mokeem</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mohammed M. Gad</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mary Anne S. Melo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100310</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>310</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100310</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/310</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/309"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 309: A Polyurethane Electrospun Membrane Loaded with Bismuth Lipophilic Nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs): Proliferation, Bactericidal, and Antitumor Properties, and Effects on MRSA and Human Breast Cancer Cells</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/309</link> <description>Electrospun membranes (EMs) have a wide range of applications, including use as local delivery systems. In this study, we manufactured a polyurethane Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EM loaded with bismuth-based lipophilic nanoparticles (Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs). The physicochemical and mechanical characteristics, along with the antitumor and bactericidal effects, were evaluated using a breast cancer cell line and methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Drug-free Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs and Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs had similar fiber diameters of 4.65 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.42 &amp;amp;micro;m and 3.95 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.32 &amp;amp;micro;m, respectively. Drug-free Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs did not negatively impact a human fibroblast culture, indicating that the vehicle is biocompatible. Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs increased 94% more in size than drug-free Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs, indicating that the BisBAL NPs enhanced hydration capacity. Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs were highly bactericidal against both methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA clinical isolates, inhibiting their growth by 93.11% and 61.70%, respectively. Additionally, Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs decreased the viability of MCF-7 tumor cells by 86% after 24 h exposure and 70.1% within 15 min. Regarding the mechanism of action of Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs, it appears to disrupt the tumor cell membrane. In conclusion, Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs constitute an innovative low-cost drug delivery system for human breast cancer and postoperative wound infections.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-16</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 309: A Polyurethane Electrospun Membrane Loaded with Bismuth Lipophilic Nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs): Proliferation, Bactericidal, and Antitumor Properties, and Effects on MRSA and Human Breast Cancer Cells</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/309">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100309</a></p> <p>Authors: Jes煤s Alejandro Torres-Betancourt Rene Hern谩ndez-Delgadillo Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodr铆guez Diego Adri谩n Oliva-Rico Juan Manuel Solis-Soto Claudia Mar铆a Garc铆a-Cuellar Yesennia S谩nchez-P茅rez Nayely Pineda-Aguilar Samantha Flores-Trevi帽o Irene Meester Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda Katiushka Arevalo-Ni帽o Mar铆a Argelia Akemi Nakagoshi-Cepeda Claudio Cabral-Romero </p> <p>Electrospun membranes (EMs) have a wide range of applications, including use as local delivery systems. In this study, we manufactured a polyurethane Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EM loaded with bismuth-based lipophilic nanoparticles (Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs). The physicochemical and mechanical characteristics, along with the antitumor and bactericidal effects, were evaluated using a breast cancer cell line and methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Drug-free Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs and Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs had similar fiber diameters of 4.65 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.42 &amp;amp;micro;m and 3.95 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.32 &amp;amp;micro;m, respectively. Drug-free Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs did not negatively impact a human fibroblast culture, indicating that the vehicle is biocompatible. Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs increased 94% more in size than drug-free Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs, indicating that the BisBAL NPs enhanced hydration capacity. Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs were highly bactericidal against both methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA clinical isolates, inhibiting their growth by 93.11% and 61.70%, respectively. Additionally, Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs decreased the viability of MCF-7 tumor cells by 86% after 24 h exposure and 70.1% within 15 min. Regarding the mechanism of action of Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs, it appears to disrupt the tumor cell membrane. In conclusion, Tecoflex&amp;amp;trade; EMs-BisBAL NPs constitute an innovative low-cost drug delivery system for human breast cancer and postoperative wound infections.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>A Polyurethane Electrospun Membrane Loaded with Bismuth Lipophilic Nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs): Proliferation, Bactericidal, and Antitumor Properties, and Effects on MRSA and Human Breast Cancer Cells</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jes煤s Alejandro Torres-Betancourt</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rene Hern谩ndez-Delgadillo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodr铆guez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Diego Adri谩n Oliva-Rico</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juan Manuel Solis-Soto</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Claudia Mar铆a Garc铆a-Cuellar</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yesennia S谩nchez-P茅rez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nayely Pineda-Aguilar</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Samantha Flores-Trevi帽o</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Irene Meester</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Katiushka Arevalo-Ni帽o</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mar铆a Argelia Akemi Nakagoshi-Cepeda</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Claudio Cabral-Romero</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100309</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-16</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-16</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>309</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100309</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/309</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/308"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 308: Stem Cells: Present Understanding and Prospects for Regenerative Dentistry</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/308</link> <description>Regenerative medicine in dentistry focuses on repairing damaged oral tissues using advanced tools like stem cells, biomaterials, and tissue engineering (TE). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental sources, such as dental pulp and periodontal ligament, show significant potential for tissue regeneration due to their proliferative and differentiative abilities. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, evaluated fifteen studies and identified effective strategies for improving dental, periodontal, and bone tissue regeneration through scaffolds, secretomes, and bioengineering methods. Key advancements include the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to boost cell viability and manage inflammation. Additionally, pharmacological agents like matrine and surface modifications on biomaterials improve stem cell adhesion and promote osteogenic differentiation. By integrating these approaches, regenerative medicine and TE can optimize dental therapies and enhance patient outcomes. This review highlights the potential and challenges in this field, providing a critical assessment of current research and future directions.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-15</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 308: Stem Cells: Present Understanding and Prospects for Regenerative Dentistry</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/308">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100308</a></p> <p>Authors: Angelo Michele Inchingolo Alessio Danilo Inchingolo Paola Nardelli Giulia Latini Irma Trilli Laura Ferrante Giuseppina Malcangi Andrea Palermo Francesco Inchingolo Gianna Dipalma </p> <p>Regenerative medicine in dentistry focuses on repairing damaged oral tissues using advanced tools like stem cells, biomaterials, and tissue engineering (TE). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental sources, such as dental pulp and periodontal ligament, show significant potential for tissue regeneration due to their proliferative and differentiative abilities. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, evaluated fifteen studies and identified effective strategies for improving dental, periodontal, and bone tissue regeneration through scaffolds, secretomes, and bioengineering methods. Key advancements include the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to boost cell viability and manage inflammation. Additionally, pharmacological agents like matrine and surface modifications on biomaterials improve stem cell adhesion and promote osteogenic differentiation. By integrating these approaches, regenerative medicine and TE can optimize dental therapies and enhance patient outcomes. This review highlights the potential and challenges in this field, providing a critical assessment of current research and future directions.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Stem Cells: Present Understanding and Prospects for Regenerative Dentistry</dc:title> <dc:creator>Angelo Michele Inchingolo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alessio Danilo Inchingolo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Paola Nardelli</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Giulia Latini</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Irma Trilli</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Laura Ferrante</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Giuseppina Malcangi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrea Palermo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Francesco Inchingolo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gianna Dipalma</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100308</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-15</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-15</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Systematic Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>308</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100308</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/308</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/307"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 307: Prosthetic Joint Infection Research Models in NZW Rabbits: Opportunities for Standardization&amp;mdash;A Systematic Review</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/307</link> <description>Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a major complication following total arthroplasty. Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics will further increase therapeutic insufficiency. New antibacterial technologies are being developed to prevent PJI. In vivo models are still needed to bridge the translational gap to clinical implementation. Though rabbit models have been used most frequently, there is no consensus about methodology and measured outcomes. The PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched for literature on PJI in rabbit models. Data extraction included bias control, experimental design, and outcome measures of the NZW rabbit models in the articles. A total of 60 articles were included in this systematic literature review. The articles were divided into six groups based on the PJI intervention: no intervention used (21%), revision surgery (14%), prevention with only antibiotics (21%), prevention with surface modifications (7%), prevention with coatings (23%), and others (14%). Despite the current availability of guidelines and recommendations regarding experimental design, bias control, and outcome measures, many articles neglect to report on these matters. Ultimately, this analysis aims to assist researchers in determining suitable clinically relevant methodologies and outcome measures for in vivo PJI models using NZW rabbits to test new antimicrobial technologies.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-15</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 307: Prosthetic Joint Infection Research Models in NZW Rabbits: Opportunities for Standardization&amp;mdash;A Systematic Review</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/307">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100307</a></p> <p>Authors: Julia L. van Agtmaal Sanne W. G. van Hoogstraten Jacobus J. C. Arts </p> <p>Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a major complication following total arthroplasty. Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics will further increase therapeutic insufficiency. New antibacterial technologies are being developed to prevent PJI. In vivo models are still needed to bridge the translational gap to clinical implementation. Though rabbit models have been used most frequently, there is no consensus about methodology and measured outcomes. The PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched for literature on PJI in rabbit models. Data extraction included bias control, experimental design, and outcome measures of the NZW rabbit models in the articles. A total of 60 articles were included in this systematic literature review. The articles were divided into six groups based on the PJI intervention: no intervention used (21%), revision surgery (14%), prevention with only antibiotics (21%), prevention with surface modifications (7%), prevention with coatings (23%), and others (14%). Despite the current availability of guidelines and recommendations regarding experimental design, bias control, and outcome measures, many articles neglect to report on these matters. Ultimately, this analysis aims to assist researchers in determining suitable clinically relevant methodologies and outcome measures for in vivo PJI models using NZW rabbits to test new antimicrobial technologies.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Prosthetic Joint Infection Research Models in NZW Rabbits: Opportunities for Standardization&amp;amp;mdash;A Systematic Review</dc:title> <dc:creator>Julia L. van Agtmaal</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sanne W. G. van Hoogstraten</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jacobus J. C. Arts</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100307</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-15</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-15</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Systematic Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>307</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100307</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/307</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/306"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 306: Early Effects of Porcine Placental Extracts and Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Aging Stress in Skin Cells</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/306</link> <description>The initial efficacy of placental extracts (Pla-Exts) and human mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes (hMSC-Exo) against aging-induced stress in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was examined. The effect of Pla-Ext alone, hMSC-Exo alone, the combined effect of Pla-Ext and hMSC-Exo, and the effect of hMSC-Exo (Pla/MSC-Exo) recovered from cultures with Pla-Ext added to hMSC were verified using collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid synthase mRNA levels for each effect. Cells were subjected to photoaging (UV radiation), glycation (glycation end-product stimulation), and oxidation (H2O2 stimulation) as HDF stressors. Pla-Ext did not significantly affect normal skin fibroblasts with respect to intracellular parameters; however, a pro-proliferative effect was observed. Pla-Ext induced resistance to several stresses in skin fibroblasts (UV irradiation, glycation stimulation, H2O2 stimulation) and inhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation following H2O2 stimulation. Although the effects of hMSC-Exo alone or the combination of hMSC-Exo and Pla-Ext are unknown, pretreated hMSC-Exo stimulated with Pla-Ext showed changes that conferred resistance to aging stress. This suggests that Pla-Ext supplementation may cause some changes in the surface molecules or hMSC-Exo content (e.g., microRNA). In skin cells, the direct action of Pla-Ext and exosomes secreted from cultured hMSCs pretreated with Pla-Ext (Pla/MSC-Exo) also conferred resistance to early aging stress.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-15</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 306: Early Effects of Porcine Placental Extracts and Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Aging Stress in Skin Cells</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/306">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100306</a></p> <p>Authors: Takaaki Matsuoka Katsuaki Dan Keita Takanashi Akihiro Ogino </p> <p>The initial efficacy of placental extracts (Pla-Exts) and human mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes (hMSC-Exo) against aging-induced stress in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was examined. The effect of Pla-Ext alone, hMSC-Exo alone, the combined effect of Pla-Ext and hMSC-Exo, and the effect of hMSC-Exo (Pla/MSC-Exo) recovered from cultures with Pla-Ext added to hMSC were verified using collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid synthase mRNA levels for each effect. Cells were subjected to photoaging (UV radiation), glycation (glycation end-product stimulation), and oxidation (H2O2 stimulation) as HDF stressors. Pla-Ext did not significantly affect normal skin fibroblasts with respect to intracellular parameters; however, a pro-proliferative effect was observed. Pla-Ext induced resistance to several stresses in skin fibroblasts (UV irradiation, glycation stimulation, H2O2 stimulation) and inhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation following H2O2 stimulation. Although the effects of hMSC-Exo alone or the combination of hMSC-Exo and Pla-Ext are unknown, pretreated hMSC-Exo stimulated with Pla-Ext showed changes that conferred resistance to aging stress. This suggests that Pla-Ext supplementation may cause some changes in the surface molecules or hMSC-Exo content (e.g., microRNA). In skin cells, the direct action of Pla-Ext and exosomes secreted from cultured hMSCs pretreated with Pla-Ext (Pla/MSC-Exo) also conferred resistance to early aging stress.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Early Effects of Porcine Placental Extracts and Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Aging Stress in Skin Cells</dc:title> <dc:creator>Takaaki Matsuoka</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Katsuaki Dan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Keita Takanashi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Akihiro Ogino</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100306</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-15</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-15</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>306</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100306</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/306</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/305"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 305: Role of Niobium on the Passivation Mechanisms of TiHfZrNb High-Entropy Alloys in Hanks&amp;rsquo; Simulated Body Fluid</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/305</link> <description>A family of TiHfZrNb high-entropy alloys has been considered novel biomaterials for high-performance, small-sized implants. The present work evaluates the role of niobium on passivation kinetics and electrochemical characteristics of passive film on TiHfZrNb alloys formed in Hanks&amp;amp;rsquo; simulated body fluid by analyzing electrochemical data with three analytical models. Results confirm that higher niobium content in the alloys reinforces the compactness of the passive film by favoring the dominance of film formation and thickening mechanism over the dissolution mechanism. Higher niobium content enhances the passivation kinetics to rapidly form the first layer, and total surface coverage reinforces the capacitive-resistant behavior of the film by enrichment with niobium oxides and reduces the point defect density and their mobility across the film, lowering pitting initiation susceptibility. With the high resistance to dissolution and rapid repassivation ability in the aggressive Hanks&amp;amp;rsquo; simulated body fluid, the TiHfZrNb alloys confirm their great potential as new materials for biomedical implants and warrant further biocompatibility testing.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-14</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 305: Role of Niobium on the Passivation Mechanisms of TiHfZrNb High-Entropy Alloys in Hanks&amp;rsquo; Simulated Body Fluid</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/305">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100305</a></p> <p>Authors: Ayoub Tanji Xuesong Fan Ridwan Sakidja Peter K. Liaw Hendra Hermawan </p> <p>A family of TiHfZrNb high-entropy alloys has been considered novel biomaterials for high-performance, small-sized implants. The present work evaluates the role of niobium on passivation kinetics and electrochemical characteristics of passive film on TiHfZrNb alloys formed in Hanks&amp;amp;rsquo; simulated body fluid by analyzing electrochemical data with three analytical models. Results confirm that higher niobium content in the alloys reinforces the compactness of the passive film by favoring the dominance of film formation and thickening mechanism over the dissolution mechanism. Higher niobium content enhances the passivation kinetics to rapidly form the first layer, and total surface coverage reinforces the capacitive-resistant behavior of the film by enrichment with niobium oxides and reduces the point defect density and their mobility across the film, lowering pitting initiation susceptibility. With the high resistance to dissolution and rapid repassivation ability in the aggressive Hanks&amp;amp;rsquo; simulated body fluid, the TiHfZrNb alloys confirm their great potential as new materials for biomedical implants and warrant further biocompatibility testing.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Role of Niobium on the Passivation Mechanisms of TiHfZrNb High-Entropy Alloys in Hanks&amp;amp;rsquo; Simulated Body Fluid</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ayoub Tanji</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Xuesong Fan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ridwan Sakidja</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Peter K. Liaw</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hendra Hermawan</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100305</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-14</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-14</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>305</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100305</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/305</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/304"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 304: Antimicrobial Activity of Amino-Modified Cellulose Nanofibrils Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/304</link> <description>Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) conjugated with amino-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (NH2&amp;amp;minus;CNFs) were in situ-prepared by reducing silver ions with free amino groups from NH2&amp;amp;minus;CNFs. The spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed the presence of non-agglomerated nanometer-in-size Ag NPs within micrometer-large NH2&amp;amp;minus;CNFs of high (20 wt.-%) content. Although the consumption of amino groups during the formation of Ag NPs lowers the &amp;amp;zeta;-potential and surface charge of prepared inorganic&amp;amp;ndash;organic hybrids (from +31.3 to +19.9 mV and from 2.4 to 1.0 mmol/g at pH 7, respectively), their values are sufficiently positive to ensure electrostatic interaction with negatively charged cell walls of pathogens in acidic and slightly (up to pH ~8.5) alkaline solutions. The antimicrobial activity of hybrid microparticles against various pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) is comparable with pristine NH2&amp;amp;minus;CNFs. However, a long-timescale use of hybrids ensures the slow and controlled release of Ag+ ions to surrounding media (less than 1.0 wt.-% for one month).</description> <pubDate>2024-10-13</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 304: Antimicrobial Activity of Amino-Modified Cellulose Nanofibrils Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/304">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100304</a></p> <p>Authors: Vesna Lazi膰 Jovan M. Nedeljkovi膰 Vanja Kokol </p> <p>Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) conjugated with amino-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (NH2&amp;amp;minus;CNFs) were in situ-prepared by reducing silver ions with free amino groups from NH2&amp;amp;minus;CNFs. The spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed the presence of non-agglomerated nanometer-in-size Ag NPs within micrometer-large NH2&amp;amp;minus;CNFs of high (20 wt.-%) content. Although the consumption of amino groups during the formation of Ag NPs lowers the &amp;amp;zeta;-potential and surface charge of prepared inorganic&amp;amp;ndash;organic hybrids (from +31.3 to +19.9 mV and from 2.4 to 1.0 mmol/g at pH 7, respectively), their values are sufficiently positive to ensure electrostatic interaction with negatively charged cell walls of pathogens in acidic and slightly (up to pH ~8.5) alkaline solutions. The antimicrobial activity of hybrid microparticles against various pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) is comparable with pristine NH2&amp;amp;minus;CNFs. However, a long-timescale use of hybrids ensures the slow and controlled release of Ag+ ions to surrounding media (less than 1.0 wt.-% for one month).</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Antimicrobial Activity of Amino-Modified Cellulose Nanofibrils Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles</dc:title> <dc:creator>Vesna Lazi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jovan M. Nedeljkovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vanja Kokol</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100304</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>304</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100304</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/304</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/303"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 303: Osteoblast Response to Widely Ranged Texturing Conditions Obtained through High Power Laser Beams on Ti Surfaces</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/303</link> <description>Titanium and titanium alloys are the prevailing dental implant materials owing to their favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but how roughness dictates the biological response is still a matter of debate. In this study, laser texturing was used to generate eight paradigmatic roughened surfaces, with the aim of studying the early biological response elicited on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Prior to cell tests, the samples underwent SEM analysis, optical profilometry, protein adsorption assay, and optical contact angle measurement with water and diiodomethane to determine surface free energy. While all the specimens proved to be biocompatible, supporting similar cell viability at 1, 2, and 3 days, surface roughness could impact significantly on cell adhesion. Factorial analysis and linear regression showed, in a robust and unprecedented way, that an isotropic distribution of deep and closely spaced valleys provides the best condition for cell adhesion, to which both protein adsorption and surface free energy were highly correlated. Overall, here the authors provide, for the first time, a thorough investigation of the relationship between roughness parameters and osteoblast adhesion that may be applied to design and produce new tailored interfaces for implant materials.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 303: Osteoblast Response to Widely Ranged Texturing Conditions Obtained through High Power Laser Beams on Ti Surfaces</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/303">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100303</a></p> <p>Authors: Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti Tullio Genova Ilaria Roato Martina Perin Giorgia Chinig貌 Riccardo Pedraza Olivio Della Bella Francesca Motta Elisa Aimo Boot Domenico D鈥橝ngelo Giorgio Gatti Giorgia Scarpellino Luca Munaron Federico Mussano </p> <p>Titanium and titanium alloys are the prevailing dental implant materials owing to their favorable mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but how roughness dictates the biological response is still a matter of debate. In this study, laser texturing was used to generate eight paradigmatic roughened surfaces, with the aim of studying the early biological response elicited on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Prior to cell tests, the samples underwent SEM analysis, optical profilometry, protein adsorption assay, and optical contact angle measurement with water and diiodomethane to determine surface free energy. While all the specimens proved to be biocompatible, supporting similar cell viability at 1, 2, and 3 days, surface roughness could impact significantly on cell adhesion. Factorial analysis and linear regression showed, in a robust and unprecedented way, that an isotropic distribution of deep and closely spaced valleys provides the best condition for cell adhesion, to which both protein adsorption and surface free energy were highly correlated. Overall, here the authors provide, for the first time, a thorough investigation of the relationship between roughness parameters and osteoblast adhesion that may be applied to design and produce new tailored interfaces for implant materials.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Osteoblast Response to Widely Ranged Texturing Conditions Obtained through High Power Laser Beams on Ti Surfaces</dc:title> <dc:creator>Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tullio Genova</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ilaria Roato</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Martina Perin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Giorgia Chinig貌</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Riccardo Pedraza</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Olivio Della Bella</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Francesca Motta</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elisa Aimo Boot</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Domenico D鈥橝ngelo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Giorgio Gatti</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Giorgia Scarpellino</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luca Munaron</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Federico Mussano</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100303</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>303</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100303</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/303</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/302"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 302: Proteomic Analysis of Human Serum Proteins Adsorbed onto Collagen Barrier Membranes</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/302</link> <description>Collagen barrier membranes are frequently used in guided tissue and bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to analyze the signature of human serum proteins adsorbed onto collagen membranes using a novel protein extraction method combined with mass spectrometry. Native porcine-derived collagen membranes (Geistlich Bio-Gide&amp;amp;reg;, Wolhusen, Switzerland) were exposed to pooled human serum in vitro and, after thorough washing, subjected to protein extraction either in conjunction with protein enrichment or via a conventional surfactant-based method. The extracted proteins were analyzed via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analysis of global profiling, gene ontology, and functional enrichment of the identified proteins was performed. Overall, a total of 326 adsorbed serum proteins were identified. The enrichment and conventional methods yielded similar numbers of total (315 vs. 309), exclusive (17 vs. 11), and major bone-related proteins (18 vs. 14). Most of the adsorbed proteins (n = 298) were common to both extraction groups and included several growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell adhesion molecules, and angiogenesis mediators involved in bone regeneration. Functional analyses revealed significant enrichment of ECM, exosomes, immune response, and cell growth components. Key proteins [transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF&amp;amp;beta;1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP-5, -6, -7)] were exclusively detected with the enrichment-based method. In summary, native collagen membranes exhibited a high protein adsorption capacity in vitro. While both extraction methods were effective, the enrichment-based method showed distinct advantages in detecting specific bone-related proteins. Therefore, the use of multiple extraction methods is advisable in studies investigating protein adsorption on biomaterials.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-09</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 302: Proteomic Analysis of Human Serum Proteins Adsorbed onto Collagen Barrier Membranes</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/302">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100302</a></p> <p>Authors: Siddharth Shanbhag Niyaz Al-Sharabi Katarina Fritz-Wallace Einar K. Kristoffersen Dagmar Foss氓 Bun忙s Mario Romandini Kamal Mustafa Mariano Sanz Reinhard Gruber </p> <p>Collagen barrier membranes are frequently used in guided tissue and bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to analyze the signature of human serum proteins adsorbed onto collagen membranes using a novel protein extraction method combined with mass spectrometry. Native porcine-derived collagen membranes (Geistlich Bio-Gide&amp;amp;reg;, Wolhusen, Switzerland) were exposed to pooled human serum in vitro and, after thorough washing, subjected to protein extraction either in conjunction with protein enrichment or via a conventional surfactant-based method. The extracted proteins were analyzed via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analysis of global profiling, gene ontology, and functional enrichment of the identified proteins was performed. Overall, a total of 326 adsorbed serum proteins were identified. The enrichment and conventional methods yielded similar numbers of total (315 vs. 309), exclusive (17 vs. 11), and major bone-related proteins (18 vs. 14). Most of the adsorbed proteins (n = 298) were common to both extraction groups and included several growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell adhesion molecules, and angiogenesis mediators involved in bone regeneration. Functional analyses revealed significant enrichment of ECM, exosomes, immune response, and cell growth components. Key proteins [transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF&amp;amp;beta;1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP-5, -6, -7)] were exclusively detected with the enrichment-based method. In summary, native collagen membranes exhibited a high protein adsorption capacity in vitro. While both extraction methods were effective, the enrichment-based method showed distinct advantages in detecting specific bone-related proteins. Therefore, the use of multiple extraction methods is advisable in studies investigating protein adsorption on biomaterials.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Proteomic Analysis of Human Serum Proteins Adsorbed onto Collagen Barrier Membranes</dc:title> <dc:creator>Siddharth Shanbhag</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Niyaz Al-Sharabi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Katarina Fritz-Wallace</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Einar K. Kristoffersen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dagmar Foss氓 Bun忙s</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mario Romandini</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kamal Mustafa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mariano Sanz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Reinhard Gruber</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100302</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-09</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-09</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>302</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100302</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/302</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/301"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 301: Complete Digital Workflow for Manufacturing Presurgical Orthodontic Palatal Plates in Newborns and Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/301</link> <description>Deciding on the implementation or modification of steps in daily clinical care is a nuanced process that demands careful evaluation. This is crucial not only for selecting the most appropriate solution but also for achieving the best treatment outcome. Thus, implementing a workflow for treating cleft lip and/or palate patients with a presurgical orthodontic cleft-covering plate needs to consider objective factors, prioritized from most to least important: safety and quality level, user-friendliness, feasibility, and, finally, efficiency and cost. The goal of this workflow is to integrate CAD/CAM technologies into daily clinical routine to enhance technical and clinical efficiency, reduce the burden of cleft care, and simplify the implementation of these technologies in other facilities. To achieve this, a methodology based on intraoral scanning and additive manufacturing is employed to produce patient-specific passive palatal plates. The approach describes possible pitfalls and their resolution within the routine of a cleft centre, along with an exemplary case scenario. Comparative analysis between the digital workflow and the conventional process demonstrated the digital approach to be safer, higher in quality, more user-friendly, feasible, and cost- and time-effective than the conventional process.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-08</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 301: Complete Digital Workflow for Manufacturing Presurgical Orthodontic Palatal Plates in Newborns and Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/301">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100301</a></p> <p>Authors: Christina Weismann Alexander B. Xepapadeas Marit Bockstedte Bernd Koos Michael Krimmel Christian F. Poets Maite Aretxabaleta </p> <p>Deciding on the implementation or modification of steps in daily clinical care is a nuanced process that demands careful evaluation. This is crucial not only for selecting the most appropriate solution but also for achieving the best treatment outcome. Thus, implementing a workflow for treating cleft lip and/or palate patients with a presurgical orthodontic cleft-covering plate needs to consider objective factors, prioritized from most to least important: safety and quality level, user-friendliness, feasibility, and, finally, efficiency and cost. The goal of this workflow is to integrate CAD/CAM technologies into daily clinical routine to enhance technical and clinical efficiency, reduce the burden of cleft care, and simplify the implementation of these technologies in other facilities. To achieve this, a methodology based on intraoral scanning and additive manufacturing is employed to produce patient-specific passive palatal plates. The approach describes possible pitfalls and their resolution within the routine of a cleft centre, along with an exemplary case scenario. Comparative analysis between the digital workflow and the conventional process demonstrated the digital approach to be safer, higher in quality, more user-friendly, feasible, and cost- and time-effective than the conventional process.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Complete Digital Workflow for Manufacturing Presurgical Orthodontic Palatal Plates in Newborns and Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate</dc:title> <dc:creator>Christina Weismann</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alexander B. Xepapadeas</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marit Bockstedte</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bernd Koos</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Michael Krimmel</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Christian F. Poets</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maite Aretxabaleta</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100301</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-08</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-08</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>301</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100301</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/301</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/300"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 300: Bioconjugation of Serratiopeptidase with Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles: Improving Stability and Antibacterial Properties</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/300</link> <description>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, necessitating the development of novel antibacterial strategies. Serratiopeptidase (SP), a metalloprotease produced by bacteria such as Serratia marcescens, has gained attention not only for its anti-inflammatory properties but also for its potential antibacterial activity. However, its protein nature makes it susceptible to pH changes and self-proteolysis, limiting its effectiveness. This study aimed to increase both the enzymatic stability and antibacterial activity of serratiopeptidase through immobilization on titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), leveraging the biocompatibility and stability of these nanomaterials. Commercial TiO2-NPs were characterized using TGA/DTG, FT-IR, UV&amp;amp;ndash;Vis, and XRD analyses, and their biocompatibility was assessed through cytotoxicity studies. Serratiopeptidase was produced via fermentation using the C8 isolate of Serratia marcescens obtained from the intestine of Bombyx mori L., purified chromatographically, and immobilized on carboxylated nanoparticles via EDC/NHS coupling at various pH conditions. The optimal enzymatic activity was achieved by using pH 5.1 for nanoparticle activation and pH 5.5 for enzyme coupling. The resulting bioconjugate demonstrated stable proteolytic activity at 25 &amp;amp;deg;C for 48 h. Immobilization was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, and the Michaelis&amp;amp;ndash;Menten kinetics were determined. Notably, the bioconjugate exhibited two-fold greater antibacterial activity against E. coli than the free enzyme or TiO2-NPs at 1000 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL. This study successfully developed a serratiopeptidase&amp;amp;ndash;TiO2 bioconjugate with enhanced enzymatic stability and antibacterial properties. The improved antibacterial activity of the immobilized enzyme presents a promising approach for developing new tools to combat antimicrobial resistance, with potential applications in healthcare, food safety, and environmental protection.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-07</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 300: Bioconjugation of Serratiopeptidase with Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles: Improving Stability and Antibacterial Properties</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/300">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100300</a></p> <p>Authors: Jhon Jairo Melchor-Moncada Santiago Vasquez-Giraldo Augusto Zuluaga-V茅lez Lina Marcela Orozco Luz Angela Veloza Juan Carlos Sep煤lveda-Arias </p> <p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, necessitating the development of novel antibacterial strategies. Serratiopeptidase (SP), a metalloprotease produced by bacteria such as Serratia marcescens, has gained attention not only for its anti-inflammatory properties but also for its potential antibacterial activity. However, its protein nature makes it susceptible to pH changes and self-proteolysis, limiting its effectiveness. This study aimed to increase both the enzymatic stability and antibacterial activity of serratiopeptidase through immobilization on titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), leveraging the biocompatibility and stability of these nanomaterials. Commercial TiO2-NPs were characterized using TGA/DTG, FT-IR, UV&amp;amp;ndash;Vis, and XRD analyses, and their biocompatibility was assessed through cytotoxicity studies. Serratiopeptidase was produced via fermentation using the C8 isolate of Serratia marcescens obtained from the intestine of Bombyx mori L., purified chromatographically, and immobilized on carboxylated nanoparticles via EDC/NHS coupling at various pH conditions. The optimal enzymatic activity was achieved by using pH 5.1 for nanoparticle activation and pH 5.5 for enzyme coupling. The resulting bioconjugate demonstrated stable proteolytic activity at 25 &amp;amp;deg;C for 48 h. Immobilization was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, and the Michaelis&amp;amp;ndash;Menten kinetics were determined. Notably, the bioconjugate exhibited two-fold greater antibacterial activity against E. coli than the free enzyme or TiO2-NPs at 1000 &amp;amp;micro;g/mL. This study successfully developed a serratiopeptidase&amp;amp;ndash;TiO2 bioconjugate with enhanced enzymatic stability and antibacterial properties. The improved antibacterial activity of the immobilized enzyme presents a promising approach for developing new tools to combat antimicrobial resistance, with potential applications in healthcare, food safety, and environmental protection.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Bioconjugation of Serratiopeptidase with Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles: Improving Stability and Antibacterial Properties</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jhon Jairo Melchor-Moncada</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Santiago Vasquez-Giraldo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Augusto Zuluaga-V茅lez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lina Marcela Orozco</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Luz Angela Veloza</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juan Carlos Sep煤lveda-Arias</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100300</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-07</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-07</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>300</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100300</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/300</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/299"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 299: The Mechanical and Clinical Properties of Customized Orthodontic Bracket Systems&amp;mdash;A Comprehensive Review</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/299</link> <description>The rise of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and 3D printing technologies in orthodontics has revolutionized the development of customized labial and lingual bracket systems with a variety of materials, which offer potential advantages over traditional orthodontic brackets. To highlight the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanical and clinical properties of CAD/CAM and 3D-printed custom bracket systems, we conducted a comprehensive search across the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify relevant articles published before April 2024. Mechanical (including fracture toughness, hardness, modulus of elasticity, frictional resistance, slot accuracy, torque transmission, and shear bond strength) and clinical (including treatment efficiency and duration, cost, and comfort) properties were compared between traditional and customized orthodontic bracket systems in the current review. Our findings suggest that customized brackets have the potential to increase bracket slot precision, reduce treatment time, and offer cost-efficiency. However, it is worth noting that the advantages and disadvantages of customized bracket systems vary depending on the bracket material and the manufacturing methods, warranting comprehensively controlled investigations in the future.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-07</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 299: The Mechanical and Clinical Properties of Customized Orthodontic Bracket Systems&amp;mdash;A Comprehensive Review</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/299">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100299</a></p> <p>Authors: Issa Elabed Zhong Zheng Yu Zhang Chun-Hsi Chung Chenshuang Li </p> <p>The rise of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and 3D printing technologies in orthodontics has revolutionized the development of customized labial and lingual bracket systems with a variety of materials, which offer potential advantages over traditional orthodontic brackets. To highlight the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanical and clinical properties of CAD/CAM and 3D-printed custom bracket systems, we conducted a comprehensive search across the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify relevant articles published before April 2024. Mechanical (including fracture toughness, hardness, modulus of elasticity, frictional resistance, slot accuracy, torque transmission, and shear bond strength) and clinical (including treatment efficiency and duration, cost, and comfort) properties were compared between traditional and customized orthodontic bracket systems in the current review. Our findings suggest that customized brackets have the potential to increase bracket slot precision, reduce treatment time, and offer cost-efficiency. However, it is worth noting that the advantages and disadvantages of customized bracket systems vary depending on the bracket material and the manufacturing methods, warranting comprehensively controlled investigations in the future.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Mechanical and Clinical Properties of Customized Orthodontic Bracket Systems&amp;amp;mdash;A Comprehensive Review</dc:title> <dc:creator>Issa Elabed</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zhong Zheng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yu Zhang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chun-Hsi Chung</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chenshuang Li</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100299</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-07</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-07</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>299</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100299</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/299</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/298"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 298: Theoretical Model for In Vivo Induction of Chemotherapy Sensitization Using miRNA Packaged in Distinct Layered Liposomes</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/298</link> <description>Resistance to chemotherapy is a problem of major social and economic importance, when looking at factors like the decrease in life expectancy, the associated therapeutic costs, and a significant number of cancers that resist current chemotherapy. The development of chemotherapeutics for all theoretically possible tumor variants is an approach that requires unreasonable resources. We propose a theoretical model that serves the purpose of overcoming resistance to chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer therapy. The model describes a gene delivery system based on liposomes, which are optically guided to the tumor&amp;amp;rsquo;s location. The main aim of the gene delivery system is inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, hence offering the opportunity to use inexpensive chemotherapeutics that are already on the market. This model will reduce the costs of chemotherapy and will assure a positive outcome for patients.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-05</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 298: Theoretical Model for In Vivo Induction of Chemotherapy Sensitization Using miRNA Packaged in Distinct Layered Liposomes</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/298">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100298</a></p> <p>Authors: Ruxandra-Ioana Cipu Mihai-Lauren葲iu St膬ni艧teanu Mihaela-Aurelia Andrei Daniel Dumitru Banciu Adela Banciu </p> <p>Resistance to chemotherapy is a problem of major social and economic importance, when looking at factors like the decrease in life expectancy, the associated therapeutic costs, and a significant number of cancers that resist current chemotherapy. The development of chemotherapeutics for all theoretically possible tumor variants is an approach that requires unreasonable resources. We propose a theoretical model that serves the purpose of overcoming resistance to chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer therapy. The model describes a gene delivery system based on liposomes, which are optically guided to the tumor&amp;amp;rsquo;s location. The main aim of the gene delivery system is inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, hence offering the opportunity to use inexpensive chemotherapeutics that are already on the market. This model will reduce the costs of chemotherapy and will assure a positive outcome for patients.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Theoretical Model for In Vivo Induction of Chemotherapy Sensitization Using miRNA Packaged in Distinct Layered Liposomes</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ruxandra-Ioana Cipu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mihai-Lauren葲iu St膬ni艧teanu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mihaela-Aurelia Andrei</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniel Dumitru Banciu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Adela Banciu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100298</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Perspective</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>298</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100298</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/298</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/297"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 297: 3D-Printable Gelatin Methacrylate-Xanthan Gum Hydrogel Bioink Enabling Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/297</link> <description>We describe the development of a bioink to bioprint human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for possible cardiac tissue engineering using a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)-based hydrogel. While previous studies have shown that GelMA at a low concentration (5% w/v) allows for the growth of diverse cells, its 3D printability has been found to be limited by its low viscosity. To overcome that drawback, making the hydrogel both compatible with hiPSCs and 3D-printable, we developed an extrudable GelMA-based bioink by adding xanthan gum (XG). The GelMA-XG composite hydrogel had an elastic modulus (~9 kPa) comparable to that of cardiac tissue, and enabled 3D printing with high values of printing accuracy (83%) and printability (0.98). Tests with hiPSCs showed the hydrogel&amp;amp;rsquo;s ability to promote their proliferation within both 2D and 3D cell cultures. The tests also showed that hiPSCs inside hemispheres of the hydrogel were able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, capable of spontaneous contractions (average frequency of ~0.5 Hz and amplitude of ~2%). Furthermore, bioprinting tests proved the possibility of fabricating 3D constructs of the hiPSC-laden hydrogel, with well-defined line widths (~800 &amp;amp;mu;m).</description> <pubDate>2024-10-05</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 297: 3D-Printable Gelatin Methacrylate-Xanthan Gum Hydrogel Bioink Enabling Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/297">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100297</a></p> <p>Authors: Virginia Deidda Isabel Ventisette Marianna Langione Lucrezia Giammarino Jos猫 Manuel Pioner Caterina Credi Federico Carpi </p> <p>We describe the development of a bioink to bioprint human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for possible cardiac tissue engineering using a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)-based hydrogel. While previous studies have shown that GelMA at a low concentration (5% w/v) allows for the growth of diverse cells, its 3D printability has been found to be limited by its low viscosity. To overcome that drawback, making the hydrogel both compatible with hiPSCs and 3D-printable, we developed an extrudable GelMA-based bioink by adding xanthan gum (XG). The GelMA-XG composite hydrogel had an elastic modulus (~9 kPa) comparable to that of cardiac tissue, and enabled 3D printing with high values of printing accuracy (83%) and printability (0.98). Tests with hiPSCs showed the hydrogel&amp;amp;rsquo;s ability to promote their proliferation within both 2D and 3D cell cultures. The tests also showed that hiPSCs inside hemispheres of the hydrogel were able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, capable of spontaneous contractions (average frequency of ~0.5 Hz and amplitude of ~2%). Furthermore, bioprinting tests proved the possibility of fabricating 3D constructs of the hiPSC-laden hydrogel, with well-defined line widths (~800 &amp;amp;mu;m).</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>3D-Printable Gelatin Methacrylate-Xanthan Gum Hydrogel Bioink Enabling Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes</dc:title> <dc:creator>Virginia Deidda</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Isabel Ventisette</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marianna Langione</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lucrezia Giammarino</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jos猫 Manuel Pioner</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Caterina Credi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Federico Carpi</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100297</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>297</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100297</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/297</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/296"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 296: PMA-Zeolite: Chemistry and Diverse Medical Applications</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/296</link> <description>Numerous scientific studies have been conducted in recent decades with the aim to study targeted application of zeolites in various industries, ecology, agronomy and medicine. The biggest advances, however, have been documented in medical and veterinary research of the natural zeolite, clinoptilolite. Although the exact biological mechanisms of action of the zeolite clinoptilolite are not completely elucidated, obtained results point to its antioxidative, immunomodulatory and detoxifying effects, the latter partially based on release of soluble and bioavailable silica forms from the surface material. The studied zeolite clinoptilolite materials have different geographical origins which confer to the physicochemical differences in the material. In addition, the production process of the material for oral applications differs between different producers which also accounts for different properties of the surface upon mechanical activation. Recently, a well-characterized zeolite clinoptilolite material, namely the PMA-zeolite, has been tested in different clinical applications and has shown potential as supportive therapy in inflammatory conditions, osteoporosis as well as during tumor chemotherapy. We accordingly present a comprehensive review of the PMA-zeolite effects in the clinical applications and discuss its probable mechanisms of effect in vivo.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-04</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 296: PMA-Zeolite: Chemistry and Diverse Medical Applications</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/296">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100296</a></p> <p>Authors: Aleksandar Bulog Kresimir Pavelic Ivana 艩uti膰 Sandra Kraljevic Pavelic </p> <p>Numerous scientific studies have been conducted in recent decades with the aim to study targeted application of zeolites in various industries, ecology, agronomy and medicine. The biggest advances, however, have been documented in medical and veterinary research of the natural zeolite, clinoptilolite. Although the exact biological mechanisms of action of the zeolite clinoptilolite are not completely elucidated, obtained results point to its antioxidative, immunomodulatory and detoxifying effects, the latter partially based on release of soluble and bioavailable silica forms from the surface material. The studied zeolite clinoptilolite materials have different geographical origins which confer to the physicochemical differences in the material. In addition, the production process of the material for oral applications differs between different producers which also accounts for different properties of the surface upon mechanical activation. Recently, a well-characterized zeolite clinoptilolite material, namely the PMA-zeolite, has been tested in different clinical applications and has shown potential as supportive therapy in inflammatory conditions, osteoporosis as well as during tumor chemotherapy. We accordingly present a comprehensive review of the PMA-zeolite effects in the clinical applications and discuss its probable mechanisms of effect in vivo.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>PMA-Zeolite: Chemistry and Diverse Medical Applications</dc:title> <dc:creator>Aleksandar Bulog</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kresimir Pavelic</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ivana 艩uti膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sandra Kraljevic Pavelic</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100296</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>296</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100296</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/296</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/295"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 295: In Vivo Biocompatibility of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002-Integrated Scaffolds for Skin Regeneration</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/295</link> <description>Cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae, are prevalent in freshwater systems and have gained interest for their potential in medical applications, particularly in skin regeneration. Among these, Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 stands out because of its rapid proliferation and capacity to be genetically modified to produce growth factors. This study investigates the safety of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 when used in scaffolds for skin regeneration, focusing on systemic inflammatory responses in a murine model. We evaluated the following three groups: scaffolds colonized with genetically engineered bacteria producing hyaluronic acid, scaffolds with wild-type bacteria, and control scaffolds without bacteria. After seven days, we assessed systemic inflammation by measuring changes in cytokine profiles and lymphatic organ sizes. The results showed no significant differences in spleen, thymus, and lymph node weights, indicating a lack of overt systemic toxicity. Blood cytokine analysis revealed elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1&amp;amp;beta; in scaffolds with bacteria, suggesting a systemic inflammatory response, while TNF-&amp;amp;alpha; levels remained unaffected. Proteome profiling identified distinct cytokine patterns associated with bacterial colonization, including elevated inflammatory proteins and products, indicative of acute inflammation. Conversely, control scaffolds exhibited protein profiles suggestive of a rejection response, characterized by increased levels of cytokines involved in T and B cell activation. Our findings suggest that Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 does not appear to cause significant systemic toxicity, supporting its potential use in biomedical applications. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects and clinical implications of these responses.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-03</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 295: In Vivo Biocompatibility of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002-Integrated Scaffolds for Skin Regeneration</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/295">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100295</a></p> <p>Authors: Benedikt Fuchs Sinan Mert Constanze Kuhlmann Alexandra Birt Daniel Hofmann Paul Severin Wiggenhauser Riccardo E. Giunta Myra N. Chavez J枚rg Nickelsen Thilo Ludwig Schenck Nicholas Moellhoff </p> <p>Cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae, are prevalent in freshwater systems and have gained interest for their potential in medical applications, particularly in skin regeneration. Among these, Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 stands out because of its rapid proliferation and capacity to be genetically modified to produce growth factors. This study investigates the safety of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 when used in scaffolds for skin regeneration, focusing on systemic inflammatory responses in a murine model. We evaluated the following three groups: scaffolds colonized with genetically engineered bacteria producing hyaluronic acid, scaffolds with wild-type bacteria, and control scaffolds without bacteria. After seven days, we assessed systemic inflammation by measuring changes in cytokine profiles and lymphatic organ sizes. The results showed no significant differences in spleen, thymus, and lymph node weights, indicating a lack of overt systemic toxicity. Blood cytokine analysis revealed elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1&amp;amp;beta; in scaffolds with bacteria, suggesting a systemic inflammatory response, while TNF-&amp;amp;alpha; levels remained unaffected. Proteome profiling identified distinct cytokine patterns associated with bacterial colonization, including elevated inflammatory proteins and products, indicative of acute inflammation. Conversely, control scaffolds exhibited protein profiles suggestive of a rejection response, characterized by increased levels of cytokines involved in T and B cell activation. Our findings suggest that Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 does not appear to cause significant systemic toxicity, supporting its potential use in biomedical applications. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term effects and clinical implications of these responses.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>In Vivo Biocompatibility of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002-Integrated Scaffolds for Skin Regeneration</dc:title> <dc:creator>Benedikt Fuchs</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sinan Mert</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Constanze Kuhlmann</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alexandra Birt</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniel Hofmann</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Paul Severin Wiggenhauser</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Riccardo E. Giunta</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Myra N. Chavez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>J枚rg Nickelsen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Thilo Ludwig Schenck</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nicholas Moellhoff</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100295</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>295</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100295</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/295</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/294"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 294: Nanofat Improves Vascularization and Tissue Integration of Dermal Substitutes without Affecting Their Biocompatibility</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/294</link> <description>Dermal substitutes require sufficient tissue integration and vascularization to be successfully covered with split-thickness skin grafts. To rapidly achieve this, we provide the proof of principle for a novel vascularization strategy with high translational potential. Nanofat was generated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of green fluorescence protein (GFP)+ C57BL/6J donor mice and seeded onto small samples (4 mm in diameter) of the clinically approved dermal substitute Integra&amp;amp;reg;. These samples and non-seeded controls were then implanted into full-thickness skin defects in the dorsal skinfold chamber of C57BL/6J wild-type mice and analyzed by intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry over a 14-day period. Nanofat-seeded dermal substitutes exhibited an accelerated vascularization, as indicated by a significantly higher functional microvessel density on days 10 and 14 when compared to controls. This was primarily caused by the reassembly of GFP+ microvascular fragments inside the nanofat into microvascular networks. The improved vascularization promoted integration of the implants into the surrounding host tissue, which finally exhibited an increased formation of a collagen-rich granulation tissue. There were no marked differences in the inflammatory host tissue reaction to nanofat-seeded and control implants. These findings demonstrate that nanofat significantly improves the in vivo performance of dermal substitutes without affecting their biocompatibility.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-03</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 294: Nanofat Improves Vascularization and Tissue Integration of Dermal Substitutes without Affecting Their Biocompatibility</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/294">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100294</a></p> <p>Authors: Francesca Bonomi Ettore Limido Andrea Weinzierl Emmanuel Ampofo Yves Harder Michael D. Menger Matthias W. Laschke </p> <p>Dermal substitutes require sufficient tissue integration and vascularization to be successfully covered with split-thickness skin grafts. To rapidly achieve this, we provide the proof of principle for a novel vascularization strategy with high translational potential. Nanofat was generated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of green fluorescence protein (GFP)+ C57BL/6J donor mice and seeded onto small samples (4 mm in diameter) of the clinically approved dermal substitute Integra&amp;amp;reg;. These samples and non-seeded controls were then implanted into full-thickness skin defects in the dorsal skinfold chamber of C57BL/6J wild-type mice and analyzed by intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry over a 14-day period. Nanofat-seeded dermal substitutes exhibited an accelerated vascularization, as indicated by a significantly higher functional microvessel density on days 10 and 14 when compared to controls. This was primarily caused by the reassembly of GFP+ microvascular fragments inside the nanofat into microvascular networks. The improved vascularization promoted integration of the implants into the surrounding host tissue, which finally exhibited an increased formation of a collagen-rich granulation tissue. There were no marked differences in the inflammatory host tissue reaction to nanofat-seeded and control implants. These findings demonstrate that nanofat significantly improves the in vivo performance of dermal substitutes without affecting their biocompatibility.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Nanofat Improves Vascularization and Tissue Integration of Dermal Substitutes without Affecting Their Biocompatibility</dc:title> <dc:creator>Francesca Bonomi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ettore Limido</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrea Weinzierl</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Emmanuel Ampofo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yves Harder</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Michael D. Menger</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Matthias W. Laschke</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100294</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>294</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100294</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/294</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/293"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 293: Randomized Clinical Trial: Bone Bioactive Liquid Improves Implant Stability and Osseointegration</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/293</link> <description>Implant stability can be compromised by factors such as inadequate bone quality and infection, leading to potential implant failure. Ensuring implant stability and longevity is crucial for patient satisfaction and quality of life. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we assessed the impact of a bone bioactive liquid (BBL) on the Galaxy TS implant&amp;amp;rsquo;s performance, stability, and osseointegration. We evaluated the impact stability, osseointegration, and pain levels using initial stability quotient (ISQ) measurements, CBCT scans, and pain assessment post-surgery. Surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro studies examined the BBL&amp;amp;rsquo;s effects on dental pulp pluripotent stem cells&amp;amp;rsquo; (DPPSCs&amp;amp;rsquo;) osteogenesis and inflammation modulation in human macrophages. All implants successfully osseointegrated, as demonstrated by the results of our clinical and histological studies. The BBL-treated implants showed significantly lower pain scores by day 7 (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.00001) and improved stability by day 30 (ISQ &amp;amp;gt; 62.00 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.59, p &amp;amp;lt; 8 &amp;amp;times; 10&amp;amp;minus;7). By day 60, CBCT scans revealed an increased bone area ratio in BBL-treated implants. AFM images demonstrated the BBL&amp;amp;rsquo;s softening and wettability effect on implant surfaces. Furthermore, the BBL promoted DPPSCs&amp;amp;rsquo; osteogenesis and modulated inflammatory markers in human primary macrophages. This study presents compelling clinical and biological evidence that BBL treatment improves Galaxy TS implant stability, reduces pain, and enhances bone formation, possibly through surface tension modulation and immunomodulatory effects. This advancement holds promise for enhancing patient outcomes and implant longevity.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-01</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 293: Randomized Clinical Trial: Bone Bioactive Liquid Improves Implant Stability and Osseointegration</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/293">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100293</a></p> <p>Authors: Ashraf Al Madhoun Khaled Meshal Neus Carri贸 Eduard Ferr茅s-Amat Elvira Ferr茅s-Amat Miguel Barajas Ana Leticia Jim茅nez-Escobar Areej Said Al-Madhoun Alaa Saber Yazan Abou Alsamen Carles Marti Maher Atari </p> <p>Implant stability can be compromised by factors such as inadequate bone quality and infection, leading to potential implant failure. Ensuring implant stability and longevity is crucial for patient satisfaction and quality of life. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we assessed the impact of a bone bioactive liquid (BBL) on the Galaxy TS implant&amp;amp;rsquo;s performance, stability, and osseointegration. We evaluated the impact stability, osseointegration, and pain levels using initial stability quotient (ISQ) measurements, CBCT scans, and pain assessment post-surgery. Surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro studies examined the BBL&amp;amp;rsquo;s effects on dental pulp pluripotent stem cells&amp;amp;rsquo; (DPPSCs&amp;amp;rsquo;) osteogenesis and inflammation modulation in human macrophages. All implants successfully osseointegrated, as demonstrated by the results of our clinical and histological studies. The BBL-treated implants showed significantly lower pain scores by day 7 (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.00001) and improved stability by day 30 (ISQ &amp;amp;gt; 62.00 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.59, p &amp;amp;lt; 8 &amp;amp;times; 10&amp;amp;minus;7). By day 60, CBCT scans revealed an increased bone area ratio in BBL-treated implants. AFM images demonstrated the BBL&amp;amp;rsquo;s softening and wettability effect on implant surfaces. Furthermore, the BBL promoted DPPSCs&amp;amp;rsquo; osteogenesis and modulated inflammatory markers in human primary macrophages. This study presents compelling clinical and biological evidence that BBL treatment improves Galaxy TS implant stability, reduces pain, and enhances bone formation, possibly through surface tension modulation and immunomodulatory effects. This advancement holds promise for enhancing patient outcomes and implant longevity.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Randomized Clinical Trial: Bone Bioactive Liquid Improves Implant Stability and Osseointegration</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ashraf Al Madhoun</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Khaled Meshal</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Neus Carri贸</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Eduard Ferr茅s-Amat</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elvira Ferr茅s-Amat</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Miguel Barajas</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ana Leticia Jim茅nez-Escobar</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Areej Said Al-Madhoun</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alaa Saber</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yazan Abou Alsamen</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carles Marti</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maher Atari</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100293</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>293</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100293</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/293</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/292"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 292: The Effect of Erosive Media on the Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Composite Materials</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/292</link> <description>This study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic media storage (gastric acid and Coca-Cola) on the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM materials. Three types of materials were tested: a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) (Vita Enamic (En), VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), a resin composite block (RCB) (Cerasmart (Cs), GC Corp, Japan), and a conventional resin-based composite (Gradia direct (Gr), GC Corp, Japan), which was used as a control. Beam-shaped specimens of each material, with dimensions of 16 mm &amp;amp;times; 4 mm &amp;amp;times; 1.5 mm, were prepared (90 in total). The specimens were divided into subgroups (10 each) and stored for 96 h in either gastric acid, Coca-Cola, or distilled water. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a three-point flexural strength test with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Vickers microhardness was measured before and after storage in gastric acid and Coca-Cola. Data were statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVA, the Tukey&amp;amp;rsquo;s post hoc, and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that Cs and En maintained their flexural strength and elastic modulus after acidic media exposure, while Gr experienced a significant decrease in flexural strength following gastric acid storage (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01). Initial crack detection was not possible using the AE system, impacting the determination of flexural strength. Exposure to acidic media decreased all materials&amp;amp;rsquo; microhardness, with Gr showing the most notable reduction (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). Gastric acid had a greater impact on the microhardness of all tested materials compared to Coca-Cola (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, storage in erosive media did not notably affect the flexural strength or elastic modulus of CAD/CAM composites but it did affect hardness. CAD/CAM composite blocks demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to the conventional composite.</description> <pubDate>2024-10-01</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 292: The Effect of Erosive Media on the Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Composite Materials</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/292">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100292</a></p> <p>Authors: Marwa M. Alnsour Rasha A. Alamoush Nikolaos Silikas Julian D. Satterthwaite </p> <p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic media storage (gastric acid and Coca-Cola) on the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM materials. Three types of materials were tested: a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) (Vita Enamic (En), VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), a resin composite block (RCB) (Cerasmart (Cs), GC Corp, Japan), and a conventional resin-based composite (Gradia direct (Gr), GC Corp, Japan), which was used as a control. Beam-shaped specimens of each material, with dimensions of 16 mm &amp;amp;times; 4 mm &amp;amp;times; 1.5 mm, were prepared (90 in total). The specimens were divided into subgroups (10 each) and stored for 96 h in either gastric acid, Coca-Cola, or distilled water. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a three-point flexural strength test with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Vickers microhardness was measured before and after storage in gastric acid and Coca-Cola. Data were statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVA, the Tukey&amp;amp;rsquo;s post hoc, and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that Cs and En maintained their flexural strength and elastic modulus after acidic media exposure, while Gr experienced a significant decrease in flexural strength following gastric acid storage (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01). Initial crack detection was not possible using the AE system, impacting the determination of flexural strength. Exposure to acidic media decreased all materials&amp;amp;rsquo; microhardness, with Gr showing the most notable reduction (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). Gastric acid had a greater impact on the microhardness of all tested materials compared to Coca-Cola (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, storage in erosive media did not notably affect the flexural strength or elastic modulus of CAD/CAM composites but it did affect hardness. CAD/CAM composite blocks demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to the conventional composite.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Effect of Erosive Media on the Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Composite Materials</dc:title> <dc:creator>Marwa M. Alnsour</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rasha A. Alamoush</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nikolaos Silikas</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Julian D. Satterthwaite</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100292</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>292</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100292</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/292</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/291"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 291: The Integration of Gold Nanoparticles into Dental Biomaterials as a Novel Approach for Clinical Advancement: A Narrative Review</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/291</link> <description>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained significant attention in the biomedical field owing to their versatile properties. AuNPs can be customized by modifying their size, shape and surface characteristics. In recent years, extensive research has explored the integration of AuNPs into various dental materials, including titanium, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and resin composites. This review aims to summarize the advancements in the application of modified AuNPs in dental materials and to assess their effects on related cellular processes in the dental field. Relevant articles published in English on AuNPs in association with dental materials were identified through a systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases from January 2014 to April 2024. Future prospects for the utilization of AuNPs in the field of dentistry are surveyed.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 291: The Integration of Gold Nanoparticles into Dental Biomaterials as a Novel Approach for Clinical Advancement: A Narrative Review</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/291">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100291</a></p> <p>Authors: Saharat Jongrungsomran Dakrong Pissuwan Apichai Yavirach Chaiy Rungsiyakull Pimduen Rungsiyakull </p> <p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained significant attention in the biomedical field owing to their versatile properties. AuNPs can be customized by modifying their size, shape and surface characteristics. In recent years, extensive research has explored the integration of AuNPs into various dental materials, including titanium, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and resin composites. This review aims to summarize the advancements in the application of modified AuNPs in dental materials and to assess their effects on related cellular processes in the dental field. Relevant articles published in English on AuNPs in association with dental materials were identified through a systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases from January 2014 to April 2024. Future prospects for the utilization of AuNPs in the field of dentistry are surveyed.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>The Integration of Gold Nanoparticles into Dental Biomaterials as a Novel Approach for Clinical Advancement: A Narrative Review</dc:title> <dc:creator>Saharat Jongrungsomran</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dakrong Pissuwan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Apichai Yavirach</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chaiy Rungsiyakull</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Pimduen Rungsiyakull</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100291</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>291</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100291</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/291</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/290"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 290: Correction: Immich et al. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Cell Viability, and Metalloproteinase Activity of Bioceramic Endodontic Materials Used in Vital Pulp Therapy. J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15, 70</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/290</link> <description>Error in Figure 3 [...]</description> <pubDate>2024-09-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 290: Correction: Immich et al. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Cell Viability, and Metalloproteinase Activity of Bioceramic Endodontic Materials Used in Vital Pulp Therapy. J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15, 70</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/290">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100290</a></p> <p>Authors: Felipe Immich Durvalino de Oliveira Juliana Silva Ribeiro de Andrade Andressa da Silva Barboza Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Su谩rez Adriana Fernandes da Silva Wellington Luiz de Oliveira da Rosa 脕lvaro Henrique Borges Neftali Lenin Villarreal Carreno Evandro Piva Rafael Guerra Lund </p> <p>Error in Figure 3 [...]</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Correction: Immich et al. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Cell Viability, and Metalloproteinase Activity of Bioceramic Endodontic Materials Used in Vital Pulp Therapy. J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15, 70</dc:title> <dc:creator>Felipe Immich</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Durvalino de Oliveira</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juliana Silva Ribeiro de Andrade</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andressa da Silva Barboza</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Su谩rez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Adriana Fernandes da Silva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wellington Luiz de Oliveira da Rosa</dc:creator> <dc:creator>脕lvaro Henrique Borges</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Neftali Lenin Villarreal Carreno</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Evandro Piva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rafael Guerra Lund</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100290</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Correction</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>290</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100290</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/290</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/289"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 289: Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Degradation Behavior of Zn-1Fe-xSr Alloys for Biomedical Applications</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/289</link> <description>As biodegradable materials, zinc (Zn) and zinc-based alloys have attracted wide attention owing to their great potential in biomedical applications. However, the poor strength of pure Zn and binary Zn alloys limits their wide application. In this work, a stir casting method was used to prepare the Zn-1Fe-xSr (x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 wt.%) ternary alloys, and the phase composition, microstructure, tensile properties, hardness, and degradation behavior were studied. The results indicated that the SrZn13 phase was generated in the Zn matrix when the Sr element was added, and the grain size of Zn-1Fe-xSr alloy decreased with the increase in Sr content. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Brinell hardness increased with the increase in Sr content. The UTS and hardness of Zn-1Fe-2Sr alloy were 141.65 MPa and 87.69 HBW, which were 55.7% and 58.4% higher than those of Zn-1Fe alloy, respectively. As the Sr content increased, the corrosion current density of Zn-1Fe-xSr alloy increased, and the charge transfer resistance decreased significantly. Zn-1Fe-2Sr alloy had a degradation rate of 0.157 mg&amp;amp;middot;cm&amp;amp;minus;2&amp;amp;middot;d&amp;amp;minus;1, which was 118.1% higher than the degradation rate of Zn-1Fe alloy. Moreover, the degradation rate of Zn-1Fe-xSr alloy decreased significantly with the increase in immersion time.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-30</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 289: Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Degradation Behavior of Zn-1Fe-xSr Alloys for Biomedical Applications</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/289">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100289</a></p> <p>Authors: Wen Peng Zehang Lu Enyang Liu Wenteng Wu Sirong Yu Jie Sun </p> <p>As biodegradable materials, zinc (Zn) and zinc-based alloys have attracted wide attention owing to their great potential in biomedical applications. However, the poor strength of pure Zn and binary Zn alloys limits their wide application. In this work, a stir casting method was used to prepare the Zn-1Fe-xSr (x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 wt.%) ternary alloys, and the phase composition, microstructure, tensile properties, hardness, and degradation behavior were studied. The results indicated that the SrZn13 phase was generated in the Zn matrix when the Sr element was added, and the grain size of Zn-1Fe-xSr alloy decreased with the increase in Sr content. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Brinell hardness increased with the increase in Sr content. The UTS and hardness of Zn-1Fe-2Sr alloy were 141.65 MPa and 87.69 HBW, which were 55.7% and 58.4% higher than those of Zn-1Fe alloy, respectively. As the Sr content increased, the corrosion current density of Zn-1Fe-xSr alloy increased, and the charge transfer resistance decreased significantly. Zn-1Fe-2Sr alloy had a degradation rate of 0.157 mg&amp;amp;middot;cm&amp;amp;minus;2&amp;amp;middot;d&amp;amp;minus;1, which was 118.1% higher than the degradation rate of Zn-1Fe alloy. Moreover, the degradation rate of Zn-1Fe-xSr alloy decreased significantly with the increase in immersion time.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Degradation Behavior of Zn-1Fe-xSr Alloys for Biomedical Applications</dc:title> <dc:creator>Wen Peng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Zehang Lu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Enyang Liu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wenteng Wu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sirong Yu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jie Sun</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100289</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>289</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100289</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/289</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/288"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 288: Evaluation of the Peri-Implant Tissues of Patients with Severe Bone Atrophy Treated with a New Short and Extra-Short Implant System&amp;mdash;A Pilot Study</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/288</link> <description>This study aimed to assess clinical and radiographic outcomes, including implant survival, marginal bone loss, and patient satisfaction, in individuals with severe bone atrophy treated using a newly developed system of short and extra-short implants. A total of 44 implants (37 short and 7 extra-short) were placed with immediate loading in 11 patients. The patients were followed up at between 6 and 24 months. Bone changes, keratinized mucosa, bleeding on probing, probing depth, crown-to-implant ratio, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. An implant survival and success rate of 100% was observed. The peri-implant bone condition showed no significant associations between marginal bone loss (MBL) and gingival recession. In extra-short implants, the crown-to-implant ratio did not affect MBL in the evaluated times. However, short implants showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between mesial measurement and crown-to-implant ratio (p = 0.006) and between distal measurement and crown-to-implant ratio (p = 0.004) over six months. Plaque was present in the mesiobuccal regions in 38.64% of the implants, with extra-short implants having the highest relative frequency (71.4%). Bleeding was observed in 18.9% of the short implants in the mesiolingual region and 14.3% of the extra-short implants. There was a statistically significant association between bleeding on probing in the mesiobuccal region and the type of implant (p = 0.026). The analysis of probing depth showed no difference between the types of implants. Within the limits of this study, short and extra-short implants presented similar clinical and radiographic behavior of soft and hard tissues in the evaluated times.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-29</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 288: Evaluation of the Peri-Implant Tissues of Patients with Severe Bone Atrophy Treated with a New Short and Extra-Short Implant System&amp;mdash;A Pilot Study</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/288">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100288</a></p> <p>Authors: Kely Cristina de Moraes Geninho Thom茅 Fl谩via Noemy Gasparini Kiatake Font茫o Carolina Accorsi Cartelli Rosemary Adriana Chierici Marcantonio Carolina Mendon莽a de Almeida Malzoni Elcio Marcantonio Junior </p> <p>This study aimed to assess clinical and radiographic outcomes, including implant survival, marginal bone loss, and patient satisfaction, in individuals with severe bone atrophy treated using a newly developed system of short and extra-short implants. A total of 44 implants (37 short and 7 extra-short) were placed with immediate loading in 11 patients. The patients were followed up at between 6 and 24 months. Bone changes, keratinized mucosa, bleeding on probing, probing depth, crown-to-implant ratio, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. An implant survival and success rate of 100% was observed. The peri-implant bone condition showed no significant associations between marginal bone loss (MBL) and gingival recession. In extra-short implants, the crown-to-implant ratio did not affect MBL in the evaluated times. However, short implants showed a statistically significant inverse correlation between mesial measurement and crown-to-implant ratio (p = 0.006) and between distal measurement and crown-to-implant ratio (p = 0.004) over six months. Plaque was present in the mesiobuccal regions in 38.64% of the implants, with extra-short implants having the highest relative frequency (71.4%). Bleeding was observed in 18.9% of the short implants in the mesiolingual region and 14.3% of the extra-short implants. There was a statistically significant association between bleeding on probing in the mesiobuccal region and the type of implant (p = 0.026). The analysis of probing depth showed no difference between the types of implants. Within the limits of this study, short and extra-short implants presented similar clinical and radiographic behavior of soft and hard tissues in the evaluated times.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Evaluation of the Peri-Implant Tissues of Patients with Severe Bone Atrophy Treated with a New Short and Extra-Short Implant System&amp;amp;mdash;A Pilot Study</dc:title> <dc:creator>Kely Cristina de Moraes</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Geninho Thom茅</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Fl谩via Noemy Gasparini Kiatake Font茫o</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carolina Accorsi Cartelli</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rosemary Adriana Chierici Marcantonio</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Carolina Mendon莽a de Almeida Malzoni</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elcio Marcantonio Junior</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100288</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-29</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-29</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>288</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100288</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/288</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/287"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 287: Chemically Pretreated Densification of Juniper Wood for Potential Use in Osteosynthesis Bone Implants</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/287</link> <description>The aim of the study was to perform treatment of juniper wood to obtain wood material with a density and mechanical properties comparable to bone, thus producing a potential material for use in osteosynthesis bone implants. In the first step, partial delignification of wood sample was obtained by Kraft cooking. The second step was extraction with ethanol, ethanol&amp;amp;ndash;water mixture, saline, and water to prevent the release of soluble compounds and increase biocompatibility. In the last step, the thermal densification at 100 &amp;amp;deg;C for 24 h was implemented. The results obtained in the dry state are equivalent to the properties of bone. The swelling of chemically pre-treated densified wood was reduced compared to chemically untreated densified wood. Samples showed no cytotoxicity by in vitro cell assays. The results of the study showed that it is possible to obtain noncytotoxic wood samples with mechanical properties equivalent to bones by partial delignification, extraction, and densification. However, further research is needed to ensure the material&amp;amp;rsquo;s shape stability, water resistance, and reduced swelling.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-28</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 287: Chemically Pretreated Densification of Juniper Wood for Potential Use in Osteosynthesis Bone Implants</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/287">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100287</a></p> <p>Authors: Laura Andze Vadims Nefjodovs Martins Andzs Marite Skute Juris Zoldners Martins Kapickis Arita Dubnika Janis Locs Janis Vetra </p> <p>The aim of the study was to perform treatment of juniper wood to obtain wood material with a density and mechanical properties comparable to bone, thus producing a potential material for use in osteosynthesis bone implants. In the first step, partial delignification of wood sample was obtained by Kraft cooking. The second step was extraction with ethanol, ethanol&amp;amp;ndash;water mixture, saline, and water to prevent the release of soluble compounds and increase biocompatibility. In the last step, the thermal densification at 100 &amp;amp;deg;C for 24 h was implemented. The results obtained in the dry state are equivalent to the properties of bone. The swelling of chemically pre-treated densified wood was reduced compared to chemically untreated densified wood. Samples showed no cytotoxicity by in vitro cell assays. The results of the study showed that it is possible to obtain noncytotoxic wood samples with mechanical properties equivalent to bones by partial delignification, extraction, and densification. However, further research is needed to ensure the material&amp;amp;rsquo;s shape stability, water resistance, and reduced swelling.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Chemically Pretreated Densification of Juniper Wood for Potential Use in Osteosynthesis Bone Implants</dc:title> <dc:creator>Laura Andze</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vadims Nefjodovs</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Martins Andzs</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Marite Skute</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juris Zoldners</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Martins Kapickis</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Arita Dubnika</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Janis Locs</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Janis Vetra</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100287</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-28</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-28</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>287</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100287</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/287</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/286"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 286: Antibacterial Biocomposite Based on Chitosan/Pluronic/Agarose Noncovalent Hydrogel: Controlled Drug Delivery by Alginate/Tetracycline Beads System</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/286</link> <description>Designing a wound dressing with controlled uptake, antibacterial, and proper biocompatibility is crucial for the appropriate wound healing process. In this study, alginate/tetracycline (Alg/TC) beads were produced and embedded into chitosan/pluronic/agarose semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel, which serves as a potential biocompatible dressing for treating skin wounds. The effect of pluronic content on the porosity, swelling, mechanical characteristics, and degradation of the hydrogel was investigated. Furthermore, the impact of Alg beads on TC release was subsequently examined. In the absence of Alg beads, faster release was observed. However, after incorporating beads into the hydrogels, the release was sustained. Particularly, the hydrogel containing Alg beads exhibited a nearly linear release, reaching 74% after 2 days in acidic media. The antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the hydrogel were also evaluated to assess the capability of the TC-loaded hydrogels for wound dressing applications. The hydrogel demonstrated efficient antibacterial features against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the sample behavior was evaluated against exposure to yeast. Furthermore, based on biocompatibility studies using HFF2 cells, the TC-loaded hydrogel exhibited remarkable biocompatibility. Overall, this novel composite hydrogel shows remarkable biocompatibility and antibacterial activities which can be used as a great potential wound dressing to prevent wound infections due to its effective inhibition of bacterial growth.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-28</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 286: Antibacterial Biocomposite Based on Chitosan/Pluronic/Agarose Noncovalent Hydrogel: Controlled Drug Delivery by Alginate/Tetracycline Beads System</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/286">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100286</a></p> <p>Authors: Hossein Abdollahi Saber Amiri Farzaneh Amiri Somayeh Moradi Payam Zarrintaj </p> <p>Designing a wound dressing with controlled uptake, antibacterial, and proper biocompatibility is crucial for the appropriate wound healing process. In this study, alginate/tetracycline (Alg/TC) beads were produced and embedded into chitosan/pluronic/agarose semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel, which serves as a potential biocompatible dressing for treating skin wounds. The effect of pluronic content on the porosity, swelling, mechanical characteristics, and degradation of the hydrogel was investigated. Furthermore, the impact of Alg beads on TC release was subsequently examined. In the absence of Alg beads, faster release was observed. However, after incorporating beads into the hydrogels, the release was sustained. Particularly, the hydrogel containing Alg beads exhibited a nearly linear release, reaching 74% after 2 days in acidic media. The antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the hydrogel were also evaluated to assess the capability of the TC-loaded hydrogels for wound dressing applications. The hydrogel demonstrated efficient antibacterial features against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the sample behavior was evaluated against exposure to yeast. Furthermore, based on biocompatibility studies using HFF2 cells, the TC-loaded hydrogel exhibited remarkable biocompatibility. Overall, this novel composite hydrogel shows remarkable biocompatibility and antibacterial activities which can be used as a great potential wound dressing to prevent wound infections due to its effective inhibition of bacterial growth.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Antibacterial Biocomposite Based on Chitosan/Pluronic/Agarose Noncovalent Hydrogel: Controlled Drug Delivery by Alginate/Tetracycline Beads System</dc:title> <dc:creator>Hossein Abdollahi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Saber Amiri</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Farzaneh Amiri</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Somayeh Moradi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Payam Zarrintaj</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100286</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-28</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-28</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>286</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100286</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/286</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/285"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 285: Customizable Lyophilized Agent for Radiotherapy Imaging and TherapY (CLARITY)</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/285</link> <description>Smart radiotherapy biomaterials (SRBs) include seed and liquid biomaterials designed to be employed as fiducial markers during radiotherapy while also delivering therapeutic drug payloads to enhance treatment outcomes. In this study, we investigate a novel Customizable Lyophilized Agent for Radiotherapy Imaging and TherapY (CLARITY) biomaterial, which can be loaded with immunoadjuvants (anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody or Caflanone (FBL-03G)) at the point of care. The CLARITY biomaterial was investigated in an animal model of pancreatic cancer using C57BL6 mice. Mice were imaged before and at different points of time post-treatment to evaluate the potential of CLARITY biomaterial to provide imaging contrast similar to fiducials. This study also used cadavers to assess CLARITY&amp;amp;rsquo;s potential to provide imaging contrast in humans. Results showed imaging contrast from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities for up to 30 days post-treatment, demonstrating potential for use as fiducials. A significant increase in survival (***, p = 0.0006) was observed for mice treated with CLARITY biomaterial loaded with immunoadjuvant for up to 10 weeks post-treatment compared to those without treatment. These initial results demonstrate the potential of CLARITY biomaterial to serve as a smart multifunctional radiotherapy biomaterial and provide the impetus for further development and optimization as a point-of-care technology for combination radiotherapy and immunotherapy.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-27</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 285: Customizable Lyophilized Agent for Radiotherapy Imaging and TherapY (CLARITY)</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/285">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100285</a></p> <p>Authors: Michele Moreau Debarghya China Gnagna Sy Kai Ding Wilfred Ngwa </p> <p>Smart radiotherapy biomaterials (SRBs) include seed and liquid biomaterials designed to be employed as fiducial markers during radiotherapy while also delivering therapeutic drug payloads to enhance treatment outcomes. In this study, we investigate a novel Customizable Lyophilized Agent for Radiotherapy Imaging and TherapY (CLARITY) biomaterial, which can be loaded with immunoadjuvants (anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody or Caflanone (FBL-03G)) at the point of care. The CLARITY biomaterial was investigated in an animal model of pancreatic cancer using C57BL6 mice. Mice were imaged before and at different points of time post-treatment to evaluate the potential of CLARITY biomaterial to provide imaging contrast similar to fiducials. This study also used cadavers to assess CLARITY&amp;amp;rsquo;s potential to provide imaging contrast in humans. Results showed imaging contrast from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities for up to 30 days post-treatment, demonstrating potential for use as fiducials. A significant increase in survival (***, p = 0.0006) was observed for mice treated with CLARITY biomaterial loaded with immunoadjuvant for up to 10 weeks post-treatment compared to those without treatment. These initial results demonstrate the potential of CLARITY biomaterial to serve as a smart multifunctional radiotherapy biomaterial and provide the impetus for further development and optimization as a point-of-care technology for combination radiotherapy and immunotherapy.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Customizable Lyophilized Agent for Radiotherapy Imaging and TherapY (CLARITY)</dc:title> <dc:creator>Michele Moreau</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Debarghya China</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gnagna Sy</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kai Ding</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wilfred Ngwa</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100285</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>285</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100285</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/285</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/284"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 284: Evaluating the Effects of BSA-Coated Gold Nanorods on Cell Migration Potential and Inflammatory Mediators in Human Dermal Fibroblasts</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/284</link> <description>Albumin-coated gold nanoparticles display potential biomedical applications, including cancer research, infection treatment, and wound healing; however, elucidating their interaction with normal cells remains an area with limited exploration. In this study, gold nanorods (GNR) were prepared and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to produce GNR-BSA. The functionalized nanoparticles were characterized based on their optical absorption spectra, morphology, surface charge, and quantity of attached protein. The interaction between GNR-BSA and BSA with normal cells was investigated using human dermal fibroblasts. The cytotoxicity test indicated cell viability between ~63&amp;amp;ndash;95% for GNR-BSA over concentrations from 30.0 to 0.47 &amp;amp;mu;g/mL and ~85&amp;amp;ndash;98% for BSA over concentrations from 4.0 to 0.0625 mg/mL. The impact of the GNR-BSA and BSA on cell migration potential and wound healing was assessed using scratch assay, and the modulation of cytokine release was explored by quantifying a panel of cytokines using Multiplex technology. The results indicated that GNR-BSA, at 10 &amp;amp;mu;g/mL, delayed the cell migration and wound healing 24 h post-treatment compared to the BSA or the control group with an average wound closure percentage of 6% and 16% at 6 and 24 h post-treatment, respectively. Multiplex analysis revealed that while GNR-BSA reduced the release of the pro-inflammatory marker IL-12 from the activated fibroblasts 24 h post-treatment, they significantly reduced the release of IL-8 (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001), and CCL2 (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01), which are crucial for the inflammation response, cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Although GNR-BSA exhibited relatively high cell viability towards human dermal fibroblasts and promising therapeutic applications, toxicity aspects related to cell motility and migration must be considered.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-26</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 284: Evaluating the Effects of BSA-Coated Gold Nanorods on Cell Migration Potential and Inflammatory Mediators in Human Dermal Fibroblasts</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/284">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100284</a></p> <p>Authors: Nouf N. Mahmoud Ayat S. Hammad Alaya S. Al Kaabi Hend H. Alawi Summaiya Khatoon Maha Al-Asmakh </p> <p>Albumin-coated gold nanoparticles display potential biomedical applications, including cancer research, infection treatment, and wound healing; however, elucidating their interaction with normal cells remains an area with limited exploration. In this study, gold nanorods (GNR) were prepared and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to produce GNR-BSA. The functionalized nanoparticles were characterized based on their optical absorption spectra, morphology, surface charge, and quantity of attached protein. The interaction between GNR-BSA and BSA with normal cells was investigated using human dermal fibroblasts. The cytotoxicity test indicated cell viability between ~63&amp;amp;ndash;95% for GNR-BSA over concentrations from 30.0 to 0.47 &amp;amp;mu;g/mL and ~85&amp;amp;ndash;98% for BSA over concentrations from 4.0 to 0.0625 mg/mL. The impact of the GNR-BSA and BSA on cell migration potential and wound healing was assessed using scratch assay, and the modulation of cytokine release was explored by quantifying a panel of cytokines using Multiplex technology. The results indicated that GNR-BSA, at 10 &amp;amp;mu;g/mL, delayed the cell migration and wound healing 24 h post-treatment compared to the BSA or the control group with an average wound closure percentage of 6% and 16% at 6 and 24 h post-treatment, respectively. Multiplex analysis revealed that while GNR-BSA reduced the release of the pro-inflammatory marker IL-12 from the activated fibroblasts 24 h post-treatment, they significantly reduced the release of IL-8 (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001), and CCL2 (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.01), which are crucial for the inflammation response, cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Although GNR-BSA exhibited relatively high cell viability towards human dermal fibroblasts and promising therapeutic applications, toxicity aspects related to cell motility and migration must be considered.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Evaluating the Effects of BSA-Coated Gold Nanorods on Cell Migration Potential and Inflammatory Mediators in Human Dermal Fibroblasts</dc:title> <dc:creator>Nouf N. Mahmoud</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ayat S. Hammad</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alaya S. Al Kaabi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hend H. Alawi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Summaiya Khatoon</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maha Al-Asmakh</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100284</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>284</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100284</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/284</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/283"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 283: Microfilm Coatings: A Biomaterial-Based Strategy for Modulating Femoral Deflection</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/283</link> <description>Wear on the surface of the femoral head increases the risk of hip and femur fractures. Biomechanical experiments conducted on the femur are based on its bending and torsional rigidities. Studies regarding the deflection of the femur bone when the femoral head is coated with microfilms composed of durable and compatible biomaterials are poor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different biomaterial microfilm coatings over the femoral head on the deflection of the human femur. We utilized 2023 R1 finite element analysis (FEA) software to model the directional deformation on the femoral head and examine the femur&amp;amp;rsquo;s deflection with varying microfilm thicknesses. The deflection of the femur bone was reported when the femoral head was uncoated and coated with titanium, stainless steel, and pure gold microfilms of different thicknesses (namely, 50, 75, and 100 &amp;amp;mu;m). Our results show that the femur&amp;amp;rsquo;s minimum and maximum deflection occurred for stainless steel and gold, respectively. The deformation of the femur was lower when the femoral head was coated with a 50-micrometer microfilm of stainless steel, compared to the deformation obtained with gold and titanium. When the thickness of the microfilm for each of the materials was increased, the deformation continued to decrease. The minimum deformation of the femur occurred for a thickness of 100 &amp;amp;mu;m with stainless steel, followed by titanium and gold. The difference in the directional deformation of the femur between the materials was more significant when the coating was 100 &amp;amp;mu;m, compared to the thicknesses of 50 and 75 &amp;amp;mu;m. The findings of this study are expected to significantly contribute to the development of advanced medical techniques to enhance the quality of life for patients with femur bone-related issues. This information can be used to develop more resilient coatings that can withstand wear and tear.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 283: Microfilm Coatings: A Biomaterial-Based Strategy for Modulating Femoral Deflection</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/283">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100283</a></p> <p>Authors: Ana Elisabeth Olivares-Hernandez Miguel Angel Olivares-Robles Juan Vicente M茅ndez-M茅ndez Claudia Guti茅rrez-Camacho </p> <p>Wear on the surface of the femoral head increases the risk of hip and femur fractures. Biomechanical experiments conducted on the femur are based on its bending and torsional rigidities. Studies regarding the deflection of the femur bone when the femoral head is coated with microfilms composed of durable and compatible biomaterials are poor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different biomaterial microfilm coatings over the femoral head on the deflection of the human femur. We utilized 2023 R1 finite element analysis (FEA) software to model the directional deformation on the femoral head and examine the femur&amp;amp;rsquo;s deflection with varying microfilm thicknesses. The deflection of the femur bone was reported when the femoral head was uncoated and coated with titanium, stainless steel, and pure gold microfilms of different thicknesses (namely, 50, 75, and 100 &amp;amp;mu;m). Our results show that the femur&amp;amp;rsquo;s minimum and maximum deflection occurred for stainless steel and gold, respectively. The deformation of the femur was lower when the femoral head was coated with a 50-micrometer microfilm of stainless steel, compared to the deformation obtained with gold and titanium. When the thickness of the microfilm for each of the materials was increased, the deformation continued to decrease. The minimum deformation of the femur occurred for a thickness of 100 &amp;amp;mu;m with stainless steel, followed by titanium and gold. The difference in the directional deformation of the femur between the materials was more significant when the coating was 100 &amp;amp;mu;m, compared to the thicknesses of 50 and 75 &amp;amp;mu;m. The findings of this study are expected to significantly contribute to the development of advanced medical techniques to enhance the quality of life for patients with femur bone-related issues. This information can be used to develop more resilient coatings that can withstand wear and tear.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Microfilm Coatings: A Biomaterial-Based Strategy for Modulating Femoral Deflection</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ana Elisabeth Olivares-Hernandez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Miguel Angel Olivares-Robles</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juan Vicente M茅ndez-M茅ndez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Claudia Guti茅rrez-Camacho</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100283</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>283</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100283</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/283</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/282"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 282: Radioprotection Performance Evaluation of 3D-Printed and Conventional Heat-Cured Dental Resins for Radiotherapy Prostheses</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/282</link> <description>3D printing is increasingly used in dentistry, with biocompatible resins playing a key role. This study compared the radioprotective properties of a commonly used 3D-printed resin (Formlabs surgical guide resin) with traditional heat-cured resin and examined the relationship between material thickness and radiation attenuation. The specimens consisted of 3D-printed and heat-cured resin specimens, each measuring 45 &amp;amp;times; 45 mm2, with five different thicknesses (6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 mm), totaling 100 samples. Both types of resin specimens underwent testing with 150 MU external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and 400 cGy brachytherapy. Radiation experiments indicated that under EBRT conditions, there were no significant differences in radiation attenuation between the 3D-printed and heat-cured resins across all thickness groups. In brachytherapy, the attenuation of the 3D-printed resin was significantly lower than the heat-cured resin in the 6 mm and 8 mm groups. Specifically, attenuation rates were 48.0 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.7 (3D-printed) vs. 45.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.9 (heat-cured) in the 6 mm group, and 39.6 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.3 vs. 37.5 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.1 in the 8 mm group. Both resins showed significant positive linear correlations between thickness and attenuation (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001) within 6&amp;amp;ndash;14 mm. Thus, 3D-printed resin shows promising radioprotective properties and is a viable alternative to traditional heat-cured resin.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 282: Radioprotection Performance Evaluation of 3D-Printed and Conventional Heat-Cured Dental Resins for Radiotherapy Prostheses</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/282">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100282</a></p> <p>Authors: Jiangyu Wang Mai Murase Yuka I. Sumita Ryoichi Notake Masako Akiyama Ryoichi Yoshimura Noriyuki Wakabayashi </p> <p>3D printing is increasingly used in dentistry, with biocompatible resins playing a key role. This study compared the radioprotective properties of a commonly used 3D-printed resin (Formlabs surgical guide resin) with traditional heat-cured resin and examined the relationship between material thickness and radiation attenuation. The specimens consisted of 3D-printed and heat-cured resin specimens, each measuring 45 &amp;amp;times; 45 mm2, with five different thicknesses (6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 mm), totaling 100 samples. Both types of resin specimens underwent testing with 150 MU external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and 400 cGy brachytherapy. Radiation experiments indicated that under EBRT conditions, there were no significant differences in radiation attenuation between the 3D-printed and heat-cured resins across all thickness groups. In brachytherapy, the attenuation of the 3D-printed resin was significantly lower than the heat-cured resin in the 6 mm and 8 mm groups. Specifically, attenuation rates were 48.0 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.7 (3D-printed) vs. 45.2 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.9 (heat-cured) in the 6 mm group, and 39.6 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.3 vs. 37.5 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.1 in the 8 mm group. Both resins showed significant positive linear correlations between thickness and attenuation (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001) within 6&amp;amp;ndash;14 mm. Thus, 3D-printed resin shows promising radioprotective properties and is a viable alternative to traditional heat-cured resin.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Radioprotection Performance Evaluation of 3D-Printed and Conventional Heat-Cured Dental Resins for Radiotherapy Prostheses</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jiangyu Wang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mai Murase</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuka I. Sumita</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ryoichi Notake</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Masako Akiyama</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ryoichi Yoshimura</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Noriyuki Wakabayashi</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100282</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>282</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100282</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/282</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/281"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 281: Suspension-Sprayed Calcium Phosphate Coatings with Antibacterial Properties</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/281</link> <description>Prosthesis loosening due to lack of osteointegration between an implant and surrounding bone tissue is one of the most common causes of implant failure. Further, bacterial contamination and biofilm formation onto implants represent a serious complication after surgery. The enhancement of osteointegration can be achieved by using bioconductive materials that promote biological responses in the body, stimulating bone growth and thus bonding to tissue. Through the incorporation of antibacterial substances in bioconductive, biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings, faster osteointegration and bactericidal properties can be achieved. In this study, Cu-doped CaP supraparticles are spray-dried and suspension-sprayed CaP ceramic coatings with antibacterial properties are prepared using high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS). The objective was to increase the coatings&amp;amp;rsquo; porosity and investigate which Cu-doped supraparticles have the strongest antibacterial properties when introduced into the coating layers. Biocompatibility was tested on human Osteosarcoma cells MG63. A porosity of at least 13% was achieved and the supraparticles could be implemented, enhancing it up to 16%. The results showed that the addition of Cu-doped supraparticles did not significantly reduce the number of viable cells compared to the Cu-free sample, demonstrating good biocompatibility. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against the bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with Safe Airborne Antibacterial testing showing a significant reduction in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains on the Cu-doped coatings.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 281: Suspension-Sprayed Calcium Phosphate Coatings with Antibacterial Properties</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/281">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100281</a></p> <p>Authors: Maria Carolina Lanzino Long-Quan R. V. Le Anika H枚ppel Andreas Killinger Wolfgang Rheinheimer Sofia Dembski Ali Al-Ahmad Hermann O. Mayr Michael Seidenstuecker </p> <p>Prosthesis loosening due to lack of osteointegration between an implant and surrounding bone tissue is one of the most common causes of implant failure. Further, bacterial contamination and biofilm formation onto implants represent a serious complication after surgery. The enhancement of osteointegration can be achieved by using bioconductive materials that promote biological responses in the body, stimulating bone growth and thus bonding to tissue. Through the incorporation of antibacterial substances in bioconductive, biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings, faster osteointegration and bactericidal properties can be achieved. In this study, Cu-doped CaP supraparticles are spray-dried and suspension-sprayed CaP ceramic coatings with antibacterial properties are prepared using high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS). The objective was to increase the coatings&amp;amp;rsquo; porosity and investigate which Cu-doped supraparticles have the strongest antibacterial properties when introduced into the coating layers. Biocompatibility was tested on human Osteosarcoma cells MG63. A porosity of at least 13% was achieved and the supraparticles could be implemented, enhancing it up to 16%. The results showed that the addition of Cu-doped supraparticles did not significantly reduce the number of viable cells compared to the Cu-free sample, demonstrating good biocompatibility. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against the bacterial strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with Safe Airborne Antibacterial testing showing a significant reduction in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains on the Cu-doped coatings.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Suspension-Sprayed Calcium Phosphate Coatings with Antibacterial Properties</dc:title> <dc:creator>Maria Carolina Lanzino</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Long-Quan R. V. Le</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anika H枚ppel</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andreas Killinger</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Wolfgang Rheinheimer</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sofia Dembski</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ali Al-Ahmad</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hermann O. Mayr</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Michael Seidenstuecker</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100281</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>281</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100281</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/281</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/280"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 280: Functional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Methods, and Future Directions</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/280</link> <description>Bone tissue regeneration is a rapidly evolving field aimed at the development of biocompatible materials and devices, such as scaffolds, to treat diseased and damaged osseous tissue. Functional scaffolds maintain structural integrity and provide mechanical support at the defect site during the healing process, while simultaneously enabling or improving regeneration through amplified cellular cues between the scaffold and native tissues. Ample research on functionalization has been conducted to improve scaffold&amp;amp;ndash;host tissue interaction, including fabrication techniques, biomaterial selection, scaffold surface modifications, integration of bioactive molecular additives, and post-processing modifications. Each of these methods plays a crucial role in enabling scaffolds to not only support but actively participate in the healing and regeneration process in bone and joint surgery. This review provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of the functionalization of scaffold-based strategies used in tissue engineering, specifically for bone regeneration. Critical issues and obstacles are highlighted, applications and advances are described, and future directions are identified.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-25</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 280: Functional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Methods, and Future Directions</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/280">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100280</a></p> <p>Authors: Emily Ann Todd Nicholas A. Mirsky Bruno Lu铆s Graciliano Silva Ankita Raja Shinde Aris R. L. Arakelians Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak Rosemary Adriana Chi茅rici Marcantonio Nikhil Gupta Lukasz Witek Paulo G. Coelho </p> <p>Bone tissue regeneration is a rapidly evolving field aimed at the development of biocompatible materials and devices, such as scaffolds, to treat diseased and damaged osseous tissue. Functional scaffolds maintain structural integrity and provide mechanical support at the defect site during the healing process, while simultaneously enabling or improving regeneration through amplified cellular cues between the scaffold and native tissues. Ample research on functionalization has been conducted to improve scaffold&amp;amp;ndash;host tissue interaction, including fabrication techniques, biomaterial selection, scaffold surface modifications, integration of bioactive molecular additives, and post-processing modifications. Each of these methods plays a crucial role in enabling scaffolds to not only support but actively participate in the healing and regeneration process in bone and joint surgery. This review provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of the functionalization of scaffold-based strategies used in tissue engineering, specifically for bone regeneration. Critical issues and obstacles are highlighted, applications and advances are described, and future directions are identified.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Functional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Methods, and Future Directions</dc:title> <dc:creator>Emily Ann Todd</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nicholas A. Mirsky</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bruno Lu铆s Graciliano Silva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ankita Raja Shinde</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aris R. L. Arakelians</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rosemary Adriana Chi茅rici Marcantonio</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Nikhil Gupta</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lukasz Witek</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Paulo G. Coelho</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100280</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>280</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100280</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/280</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/279"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 279: Cyanoacrylate versus Collagen Membrane as a Sealing for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Randomized Clinical Trial</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/279</link> <description>This study involved a randomized clinical trial that included 140 patients. Alveolar ridge preservation was performed with xenografts. Sealing in the control group consisted of a collagen membrane versus cyanoacrylate in the test group. The dental implants were placed immediately after extraction. The variables were evaluated at 3, 12, and 18 months of follow-up. Pearson&amp;amp;rsquo;s chi-squared test was used for qualitative variables and the Student t-test for related samples was used for quantitative variables. The change in buccolingual alveolar bone width was significantly greater in the CMX group than in the CX group after three months (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.005). However, significance was not reached at the other follow-up timepoints (p &amp;amp;gt; 0.005). CAL showed significantly greater values in the CMX group than in the CX group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.005), and MBL proved greater in the CMX group than in the CX group, with p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001. Five membrane exposures were recorded in the CMX group. Cyanoacrylate as a sealing method for alveolar ridge preservation seems to afford better clinical and radiological results than collagen membrane.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-24</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 279: Cyanoacrylate versus Collagen Membrane as a Sealing for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Randomized Clinical Trial</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/279">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100279</a></p> <p>Authors: Fabio Camacho-Alonso Osmundo Gilbel-Del 脕guila Paula Ferrer-D铆az David Pe帽arrocha-Oltra Yolanda Guerrero-S谩nchez Juan Carlos Bernabeu-Mira </p> <p>This study involved a randomized clinical trial that included 140 patients. Alveolar ridge preservation was performed with xenografts. Sealing in the control group consisted of a collagen membrane versus cyanoacrylate in the test group. The dental implants were placed immediately after extraction. The variables were evaluated at 3, 12, and 18 months of follow-up. Pearson&amp;amp;rsquo;s chi-squared test was used for qualitative variables and the Student t-test for related samples was used for quantitative variables. The change in buccolingual alveolar bone width was significantly greater in the CMX group than in the CX group after three months (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.005). However, significance was not reached at the other follow-up timepoints (p &amp;amp;gt; 0.005). CAL showed significantly greater values in the CMX group than in the CX group (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.005), and MBL proved greater in the CMX group than in the CX group, with p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001. Five membrane exposures were recorded in the CMX group. Cyanoacrylate as a sealing method for alveolar ridge preservation seems to afford better clinical and radiological results than collagen membrane.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Cyanoacrylate versus Collagen Membrane as a Sealing for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Randomized Clinical Trial</dc:title> <dc:creator>Fabio Camacho-Alonso</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Osmundo Gilbel-Del 脕guila</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Paula Ferrer-D铆az</dc:creator> <dc:creator>David Pe帽arrocha-Oltra</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yolanda Guerrero-S谩nchez</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Juan Carlos Bernabeu-Mira</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100279</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>279</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100279</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/279</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/278"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 278: Osseointegration of Dental Implants after Vacuum Plasma Surface Treatment In Vivo</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/278</link> <description>Previous studies have highlighted the need for post-treatment of implants due to surface aging. This study investigated the effect of vacuum plasma (VP) treatment on the osseointegration of sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) implant surfaces. The hypothesis was that VP might enhance implant stability, measured by implant stability quotient (ISQ) and histological osseointegration through bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area ratio (BA) in rabbit models. Eighteen implants were either untreated or treated with VP and installed into the femurs of six rabbits, which were sacrificed after four weeks. Histological analyses of BIC and BA, along with micro-CT analysis of bone volume and ISQ, were performed. The VP-treated group showed higher levels of BA, bone volume, and ISQ, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups. Despite limitations, both groups achieved better osseointegration and regeneration, warranting further studies on plasma treatment effects over varying implantation periods.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-24</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 278: Osseointegration of Dental Implants after Vacuum Plasma Surface Treatment In Vivo</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/278">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100278</a></p> <p>Authors: Se Hoon Kahm Sang Hwa Lee Youbong Lim Hyun Jeong Jeon Kyoung-In Yun </p> <p>Previous studies have highlighted the need for post-treatment of implants due to surface aging. This study investigated the effect of vacuum plasma (VP) treatment on the osseointegration of sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) implant surfaces. The hypothesis was that VP might enhance implant stability, measured by implant stability quotient (ISQ) and histological osseointegration through bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area ratio (BA) in rabbit models. Eighteen implants were either untreated or treated with VP and installed into the femurs of six rabbits, which were sacrificed after four weeks. Histological analyses of BIC and BA, along with micro-CT analysis of bone volume and ISQ, were performed. The VP-treated group showed higher levels of BA, bone volume, and ISQ, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups. Despite limitations, both groups achieved better osseointegration and regeneration, warranting further studies on plasma treatment effects over varying implantation periods.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Osseointegration of Dental Implants after Vacuum Plasma Surface Treatment In Vivo</dc:title> <dc:creator>Se Hoon Kahm</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sang Hwa Lee</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Youbong Lim</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hyun Jeong Jeon</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kyoung-In Yun</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100278</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>278</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100278</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/278</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/277"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 277: Core&amp;ndash;Shell Microspheres with Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticle Carriers for Controlled Release of Anti-Cancer Drugs</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/277</link> <description>Cancer is one of the major threats to human health and lives. However, effective cancer treatments remain a great challenge in clinical medicine. As a common approach for cancer treatment, chemotherapy has saved the life of millions of people; however, patients who have gone through chemotherapy often suffer from severe side effects owing to the inherent cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs. Stabilizing the blood concentration of an anti-cancer drug will reduce the occurrence or severity of side effects, and relies on using an appropriate drug delivery system (DDS) for achieving sustained or even on-demand drug delivery. However, this is still an unmet clinical challenge since the mainstay of anti-cancer drugs is small molecules, which tend to be diffused rapidly in the body, and conventional DDSs exhibit the burst release phenomenon. Here, we establish a class of DDSs based on biodegradable core&amp;amp;ndash;shell microspheres with encapsulated doxorubicin hydrochloride-loaded gold nanoparticles (DOX@Au@MSs), with the core&amp;amp;ndash;shell microspheres being made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) in the current study. By harnessing the physical barrier of the biodegradable shell of core&amp;amp;ndash;shell microspheres, DOX@Au@MSs can provide a sustained release of the anti-cancer drug in the test duration (which is 21 days in the current study). Thanks to the photothermal properties of the encapsulated gold nanoparticle carriers, the core&amp;amp;ndash;shell biodegradable microspheres can be ruptured through remotely controlled near-infrared (NIR) light, thereby achieving an NIR-controlled triggered release of the anti-cancer drug. Furthermore, the route of the DOX-Au@MS-enabled controlled release of the anti-cancer drug can provide durable cancer cell ablation for the long period of 72 h.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-24</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 277: Core&amp;ndash;Shell Microspheres with Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticle Carriers for Controlled Release of Anti-Cancer Drugs</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/277">doi: 10.3390/jfb15100277</a></p> <p>Authors: Lin Guo Qilong Zhao Min Wang </p> <p>Cancer is one of the major threats to human health and lives. However, effective cancer treatments remain a great challenge in clinical medicine. As a common approach for cancer treatment, chemotherapy has saved the life of millions of people; however, patients who have gone through chemotherapy often suffer from severe side effects owing to the inherent cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs. Stabilizing the blood concentration of an anti-cancer drug will reduce the occurrence or severity of side effects, and relies on using an appropriate drug delivery system (DDS) for achieving sustained or even on-demand drug delivery. However, this is still an unmet clinical challenge since the mainstay of anti-cancer drugs is small molecules, which tend to be diffused rapidly in the body, and conventional DDSs exhibit the burst release phenomenon. Here, we establish a class of DDSs based on biodegradable core&amp;amp;ndash;shell microspheres with encapsulated doxorubicin hydrochloride-loaded gold nanoparticles (DOX@Au@MSs), with the core&amp;amp;ndash;shell microspheres being made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) in the current study. By harnessing the physical barrier of the biodegradable shell of core&amp;amp;ndash;shell microspheres, DOX@Au@MSs can provide a sustained release of the anti-cancer drug in the test duration (which is 21 days in the current study). Thanks to the photothermal properties of the encapsulated gold nanoparticle carriers, the core&amp;amp;ndash;shell biodegradable microspheres can be ruptured through remotely controlled near-infrared (NIR) light, thereby achieving an NIR-controlled triggered release of the anti-cancer drug. Furthermore, the route of the DOX-Au@MS-enabled controlled release of the anti-cancer drug can provide durable cancer cell ablation for the long period of 72 h.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Core&amp;amp;ndash;Shell Microspheres with Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticle Carriers for Controlled Release of Anti-Cancer Drugs</dc:title> <dc:creator>Lin Guo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Qilong Zhao</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Min Wang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15100277</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>10</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>277</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15100277</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/10/277</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/276"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 276: Modular Hemipelvic Prosthesis Preserves Normal Biomechanics and Showed Good Compatibility: A Finite Element Analysis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/276</link> <description>This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical compatibility of a modular hemipelvic prosthesis by comparing stress distributions between an implanted pelvis and a healthy pelvis. Finite element analysis was used to simulate bilateral standing loads on both models, analyzing critical regions such as the sacroiliac joints, iliac crest, acetabulum, and prosthesis connection points. Six models with varied displacements of the hip joint rotational center were also introduced to assess the impact of deviations on stress distribution. The implanted pelvis had a stress distribution closely matching that of the intact pelvis, indicating that the prosthesis design maintained the biomechanical integrity of the pelvis. Stress patterns in displacement models with deviations of less than 10 mm were similar to the standard model, with only minor changes in stress magnitude. However, backward, upward, and inward deviations resulted in stress concentrations, particularly in the prosthesis connection points, increasing the likelihood of mechanical failure. The modular hemipelvic prosthesis demonstrated good biomechanical compatibility with minimal impact on pelvic stress distribution, even with moderate deviations in the hip joint&amp;amp;rsquo;s rotational center; outward, forward, and downward displacements are preferable to minimize stress concentration and prevent implant failure in cases where minor deviations in the rotational center are unavoidable during surgery.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-21</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 276: Modular Hemipelvic Prosthesis Preserves Normal Biomechanics and Showed Good Compatibility: A Finite Element Analysis</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/276">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090276</a></p> <p>Authors: Yuanrui Luo Hongtao Sheng Yong Zhou Li Min Chongqi Tu Yi Luo </p> <p>This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical compatibility of a modular hemipelvic prosthesis by comparing stress distributions between an implanted pelvis and a healthy pelvis. Finite element analysis was used to simulate bilateral standing loads on both models, analyzing critical regions such as the sacroiliac joints, iliac crest, acetabulum, and prosthesis connection points. Six models with varied displacements of the hip joint rotational center were also introduced to assess the impact of deviations on stress distribution. The implanted pelvis had a stress distribution closely matching that of the intact pelvis, indicating that the prosthesis design maintained the biomechanical integrity of the pelvis. Stress patterns in displacement models with deviations of less than 10 mm were similar to the standard model, with only minor changes in stress magnitude. However, backward, upward, and inward deviations resulted in stress concentrations, particularly in the prosthesis connection points, increasing the likelihood of mechanical failure. The modular hemipelvic prosthesis demonstrated good biomechanical compatibility with minimal impact on pelvic stress distribution, even with moderate deviations in the hip joint&amp;amp;rsquo;s rotational center; outward, forward, and downward displacements are preferable to minimize stress concentration and prevent implant failure in cases where minor deviations in the rotational center are unavoidable during surgery.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Modular Hemipelvic Prosthesis Preserves Normal Biomechanics and Showed Good Compatibility: A Finite Element Analysis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yuanrui Luo</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hongtao Sheng</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yong Zhou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Li Min</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chongqi Tu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yi Luo</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090276</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-21</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-21</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>276</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090276</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/276</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/275"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 275: Investigation of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of New Mg-Zn-Ga Amorphous Alloys for Biomedical Applications</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/275</link> <description>Magnesium alloys are considered as promising materials for use as biodegradable implants due to their biocompatibility and similarity to human bone properties. However, their high corrosion rate in bodily fluids limits their use. To address this issue, amorphization can be used to inhibit microgalvanic corrosion and increase corrosion resistance. The Mg-Zn-Ga metallic glass system was investigated in this study, which shows potential for improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys for biodegradable implants. According to clinical tests, it has been demonstrated that Ga ions are effective in the regeneration of bone tissue. The microstructure, phase composition, and phase transition temperatures of sixteen Mg-Zn-Ga alloys were analyzed. In addition, a liquidus projection of the Mg-Zn-Ga system was constructed and validated through the thermodynamic calculations based on the CALPHAD-type database. Furthermore, amorphous ribbons were prepared by rapid solidification of the melt for prospective alloys. XRD and DSC analysis indicate that the alloys with the most potential possess an amorphous structure. The ribbons exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of up to 524 MPa and a low corrosion rate of 0.1&amp;amp;ndash;0.3 mm/year in Hanks&amp;amp;rsquo; solution. Therefore, it appears that Mg-Zn-Ga metallic glass alloys could be suitable for biodegradable applications.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-20</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 275: Investigation of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of New Mg-Zn-Ga Amorphous Alloys for Biomedical Applications</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/275">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090275</a></p> <p>Authors: Viacheslav E. Bazhenov Mikhail V. Gorobinskiy Andrey I. Bazlov Vasiliy A. Bautin Andrey V. Koltygin Alexander A. Komissarov Denis V. Ten Anna V. Li Alexey Yu. Drobyshev Yoongu Kang In-Ho Jung Kwang Seon Shin </p> <p>Magnesium alloys are considered as promising materials for use as biodegradable implants due to their biocompatibility and similarity to human bone properties. However, their high corrosion rate in bodily fluids limits their use. To address this issue, amorphization can be used to inhibit microgalvanic corrosion and increase corrosion resistance. The Mg-Zn-Ga metallic glass system was investigated in this study, which shows potential for improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys for biodegradable implants. According to clinical tests, it has been demonstrated that Ga ions are effective in the regeneration of bone tissue. The microstructure, phase composition, and phase transition temperatures of sixteen Mg-Zn-Ga alloys were analyzed. In addition, a liquidus projection of the Mg-Zn-Ga system was constructed and validated through the thermodynamic calculations based on the CALPHAD-type database. Furthermore, amorphous ribbons were prepared by rapid solidification of the melt for prospective alloys. XRD and DSC analysis indicate that the alloys with the most potential possess an amorphous structure. The ribbons exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of up to 524 MPa and a low corrosion rate of 0.1&amp;amp;ndash;0.3 mm/year in Hanks&amp;amp;rsquo; solution. Therefore, it appears that Mg-Zn-Ga metallic glass alloys could be suitable for biodegradable applications.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Investigation of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of New Mg-Zn-Ga Amorphous Alloys for Biomedical Applications</dc:title> <dc:creator>Viacheslav E. Bazhenov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mikhail V. Gorobinskiy</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrey I. Bazlov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vasiliy A. Bautin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andrey V. Koltygin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alexander A. Komissarov</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Denis V. Ten</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anna V. Li</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alexey Yu. Drobyshev</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yoongu Kang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>In-Ho Jung</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kwang Seon Shin</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090275</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>275</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090275</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/275</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/274"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 274: Research Interest in Copper Materials for Caries Management: A Bibliometric Analysis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/274</link> <description>This study examined research interest in copper materials for caries management. We conducted an exhaustive literature search of English publications on copper materials for caries management. We removed duplicate publications and screened the titles and abstracts to identify relevant publications. Then, we analyzed the bibliometric data of the publications using the Bibliometrix and VOSviewer programs. This study included 75 laboratory studies, six clinical trials, and 17 reviews. Most of the original research studied copper or copper oxide nanoparticles (45/81, 56%). The materials could be doped into topical agents, restorative fillers, dental adhesives, dental implants, and orthodontic appliances. Since the first paper was published in 1980, publication counts gradually increased and surged in 2019. Among publications on copper materials for caries management, the publication counts and citations from 2019 to 2024 accounted for 65% (64/98) and 74% (1677/2255) over the last 45 years. Cocitation analysis revealed that the two main keywords were nanoparticles and antibacterial activity, and their burst strengths (period) were 3.84 (2021&amp;amp;ndash;2024) and 2.21 (2020&amp;amp;ndash;2021). The topics of the top two publications with the highest citation burst strength (period) are the antimicrobial effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (3.14, 2021&amp;amp;ndash;2022) and the dental application of copper nanoparticles (2.84, 2022&amp;amp;ndash;2024). In conclusion, this study revealed a growing interest in copper materials for caries management.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-20</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 274: Research Interest in Copper Materials for Caries Management: A Bibliometric Analysis</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/274">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090274</a></p> <p>Authors: Veena Wenqing Xu Mohammed Zahedul Islam Nizami Iris Xiaoxue Yin John Yun Niu Ollie Yiru Yu Chun-Hung Chu </p> <p>This study examined research interest in copper materials for caries management. We conducted an exhaustive literature search of English publications on copper materials for caries management. We removed duplicate publications and screened the titles and abstracts to identify relevant publications. Then, we analyzed the bibliometric data of the publications using the Bibliometrix and VOSviewer programs. This study included 75 laboratory studies, six clinical trials, and 17 reviews. Most of the original research studied copper or copper oxide nanoparticles (45/81, 56%). The materials could be doped into topical agents, restorative fillers, dental adhesives, dental implants, and orthodontic appliances. Since the first paper was published in 1980, publication counts gradually increased and surged in 2019. Among publications on copper materials for caries management, the publication counts and citations from 2019 to 2024 accounted for 65% (64/98) and 74% (1677/2255) over the last 45 years. Cocitation analysis revealed that the two main keywords were nanoparticles and antibacterial activity, and their burst strengths (period) were 3.84 (2021&amp;amp;ndash;2024) and 2.21 (2020&amp;amp;ndash;2021). The topics of the top two publications with the highest citation burst strength (period) are the antimicrobial effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (3.14, 2021&amp;amp;ndash;2022) and the dental application of copper nanoparticles (2.84, 2022&amp;amp;ndash;2024). In conclusion, this study revealed a growing interest in copper materials for caries management.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Research Interest in Copper Materials for Caries Management: A Bibliometric Analysis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Veena Wenqing Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mohammed Zahedul Islam Nizami</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Iris Xiaoxue Yin</dc:creator> <dc:creator>John Yun Niu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ollie Yiru Yu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Chun-Hung Chu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090274</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>274</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090274</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/274</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/273"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 273: Short-Term Hydrolytic Degradation of Mechanical Properties of Absorbable Surgical Sutures: A Comparative Study</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/273</link> <description>Surgical sutures play a crucial role in wound closure, facilitating the tissue-healing process across various fields of medicine. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of seasoning time during the initial days/weeks of seasoning in Ringer&amp;amp;rsquo;s solution on the mechanical properties of five commercial absorbable sutures: SafilQuick+&amp;amp;reg;, Novosyn&amp;amp;reg;, MonosynQuick&amp;amp;reg;, Monosyn&amp;amp;reg; and Monoplus&amp;amp;reg;, each with different absorption periods. The results demonstrated that the SafilQuick+ and MonosynQuick sutures lost strength within 9&amp;amp;ndash;12 days, as evidenced by statistically significant changes in tensile strength. In contrast, the Novosyn and Monoplus sutures did not exhibit significant changes in strength during the study period. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in the behaviour of the individual sutures, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate suture material in the context of the specific medical procedure.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-20</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 273: Short-Term Hydrolytic Degradation of Mechanical Properties of Absorbable Surgical Sutures: A Comparative Study</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/273">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090273</a></p> <p>Authors: Jakub Szabelski Robert Karpi艅ski </p> <p>Surgical sutures play a crucial role in wound closure, facilitating the tissue-healing process across various fields of medicine. The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of seasoning time during the initial days/weeks of seasoning in Ringer&amp;amp;rsquo;s solution on the mechanical properties of five commercial absorbable sutures: SafilQuick+&amp;amp;reg;, Novosyn&amp;amp;reg;, MonosynQuick&amp;amp;reg;, Monosyn&amp;amp;reg; and Monoplus&amp;amp;reg;, each with different absorption periods. The results demonstrated that the SafilQuick+ and MonosynQuick sutures lost strength within 9&amp;amp;ndash;12 days, as evidenced by statistically significant changes in tensile strength. In contrast, the Novosyn and Monoplus sutures did not exhibit significant changes in strength during the study period. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in the behaviour of the individual sutures, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate suture material in the context of the specific medical procedure.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Short-Term Hydrolytic Degradation of Mechanical Properties of Absorbable Surgical Sutures: A Comparative Study</dc:title> <dc:creator>Jakub Szabelski</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Robert Karpi艅ski</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090273</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>273</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090273</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/273</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/272"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 272: Electrospun Silk-ICG Composite Fibers and the Application toward Hemorrhage Control</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/272</link> <description>In trauma and surgery, efficient hemorrhage control is crucial to avert fatal blood loss and increase the likelihood of survival. There is a significant demand for novel biomaterials capable of promptly and effectively managing bleeding. This study aimed to develop flexible biocomposite fibrous scaffolds with an electrospinning technique using silk fibroin (SF) and indocyanine green (ICG). The FDA-approved ICG dye has unique photothermal properties. The water permeability, degradability, and biocompatibility of Bombyx mori cocoon-derived SF make it promising for biomedical applications. While as-spun SF-ICG fibers were dissolvable in water, ethanol vapor treatment (EVT) effectively induced secondary structural changes to promote &amp;amp;beta;-sheet formation. This resulted in significantly improved aqueous stability and mechanical strength of the fibers, thereby increasing their fluid uptake capability. The enhanced SF-ICG interaction effectively prevented ICG leaching from the composite fibers, enabling them to generate heat under NIR irradiation due to ICG&amp;amp;rsquo;s photothermal properties. Our results showed that an SF-ICG 0.4% fibrous matrix can uptake 473% water. When water was replaced by bovine blood, a 25 s NIR irradiation induced complete blood coagulation. However, pure silk did not have the same effect. Additionally, NIR irradiation of the SF-ICG fibers successfully stopped the flow of blood in an in vitro model that mimicked a damaged blood vessel. This novel breakthrough offers a biotextile platform poised to enhance patient outcomes across various medical scenarios, representing a significant milestone in functional biomaterials.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-19</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 272: Electrospun Silk-ICG Composite Fibers and the Application toward Hemorrhage Control</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/272">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090272</a></p> <p>Authors: Ayesha Siddiqua Elwin Clutter Olga Garklavs Hemalatha Kanniyappan Rong R. Wang </p> <p>In trauma and surgery, efficient hemorrhage control is crucial to avert fatal blood loss and increase the likelihood of survival. There is a significant demand for novel biomaterials capable of promptly and effectively managing bleeding. This study aimed to develop flexible biocomposite fibrous scaffolds with an electrospinning technique using silk fibroin (SF) and indocyanine green (ICG). The FDA-approved ICG dye has unique photothermal properties. The water permeability, degradability, and biocompatibility of Bombyx mori cocoon-derived SF make it promising for biomedical applications. While as-spun SF-ICG fibers were dissolvable in water, ethanol vapor treatment (EVT) effectively induced secondary structural changes to promote &amp;amp;beta;-sheet formation. This resulted in significantly improved aqueous stability and mechanical strength of the fibers, thereby increasing their fluid uptake capability. The enhanced SF-ICG interaction effectively prevented ICG leaching from the composite fibers, enabling them to generate heat under NIR irradiation due to ICG&amp;amp;rsquo;s photothermal properties. Our results showed that an SF-ICG 0.4% fibrous matrix can uptake 473% water. When water was replaced by bovine blood, a 25 s NIR irradiation induced complete blood coagulation. However, pure silk did not have the same effect. Additionally, NIR irradiation of the SF-ICG fibers successfully stopped the flow of blood in an in vitro model that mimicked a damaged blood vessel. This novel breakthrough offers a biotextile platform poised to enhance patient outcomes across various medical scenarios, representing a significant milestone in functional biomaterials.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Electrospun Silk-ICG Composite Fibers and the Application toward Hemorrhage Control</dc:title> <dc:creator>Ayesha Siddiqua</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elwin Clutter</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Olga Garklavs</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hemalatha Kanniyappan</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Rong R. Wang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090272</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>272</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090272</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/272</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/271"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 271: Application of the Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel RADA16 for Hemostasis during Tonsillectomy: A Feasibility Study</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/271</link> <description>Tonsillectomy is a common surgical procedure but carries a high risk of readmission for secondary bleeding and pain. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of using the hemostatic self-assembling peptide hydrogel RADA16 (PuraBond, 3-D Matrix SAS; Caluire et Cuire, France) to control bleeding from the tonsillectomy wound bed. Readmission/re-operation rates were compared between a prospective case series of 21 primarily adult tonsillectomy patients treated with topical RADA16 and an untreated historical Control group of 164 patients who underwent tonsillectomy by 10 surgeons at a single tertiary hospital in the UK between March 2019 and June 2022. Cumulative readmission rates for any reason were 2-fold elevated in Control subjects (18.9%; n = 31/164 subjects) compared to patients treated intra-operatively with RADA16 hemostatic hydrogel (9.5%; n = 2/21) (p = 0.378). Readmission rates for postoperative bleeding were 3-fold higher in Controls (14.6%; n = 24/164 subjects) than in the RADA16-treated group (4.8%; n = 1/21) (p = 0.317). A similar rate of retreatment for pain was recorded in the Control (4.3%; n = 7/164) and RADA16 (4.8%; n = 1/21) groups (p = 0.999). Two Control subjects (1.2%) required re-operation for recalcitrant bleeding; no RADA16 subject (0.0%) required re-operation for any reason. No device-related adverse events occurred in the RADA16 group. Surgeons were pleased with the easy learning curve and technical feasibility associated with intra-operatively administering RADA16 hemostatic hydrogel. Intra-operative hemostasis using RADA16 peptide hydrogel was straightforward and was associated with a trend of 3-fold lower rates of readmission for postoperative bleeding events than untreated Control subjects.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-18</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 271: Application of the Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel RADA16 for Hemostasis during Tonsillectomy: A Feasibility Study</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/271">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090271</a></p> <p>Authors: Joshua Michaels Anna I. Kaleva Laura Bateman Oliver Wakelam Joanna Stephens </p> <p>Tonsillectomy is a common surgical procedure but carries a high risk of readmission for secondary bleeding and pain. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of using the hemostatic self-assembling peptide hydrogel RADA16 (PuraBond, 3-D Matrix SAS; Caluire et Cuire, France) to control bleeding from the tonsillectomy wound bed. Readmission/re-operation rates were compared between a prospective case series of 21 primarily adult tonsillectomy patients treated with topical RADA16 and an untreated historical Control group of 164 patients who underwent tonsillectomy by 10 surgeons at a single tertiary hospital in the UK between March 2019 and June 2022. Cumulative readmission rates for any reason were 2-fold elevated in Control subjects (18.9%; n = 31/164 subjects) compared to patients treated intra-operatively with RADA16 hemostatic hydrogel (9.5%; n = 2/21) (p = 0.378). Readmission rates for postoperative bleeding were 3-fold higher in Controls (14.6%; n = 24/164 subjects) than in the RADA16-treated group (4.8%; n = 1/21) (p = 0.317). A similar rate of retreatment for pain was recorded in the Control (4.3%; n = 7/164) and RADA16 (4.8%; n = 1/21) groups (p = 0.999). Two Control subjects (1.2%) required re-operation for recalcitrant bleeding; no RADA16 subject (0.0%) required re-operation for any reason. No device-related adverse events occurred in the RADA16 group. Surgeons were pleased with the easy learning curve and technical feasibility associated with intra-operatively administering RADA16 hemostatic hydrogel. Intra-operative hemostasis using RADA16 peptide hydrogel was straightforward and was associated with a trend of 3-fold lower rates of readmission for postoperative bleeding events than untreated Control subjects.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Application of the Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel RADA16 for Hemostasis during Tonsillectomy: A Feasibility Study</dc:title> <dc:creator>Joshua Michaels</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anna I. Kaleva</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Laura Bateman</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Oliver Wakelam</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Joanna Stephens</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090271</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-18</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-18</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>271</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090271</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/271</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/270"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 270: Regeneration of Critical Calvarial Bone Defects Using Bovine Xenograft, Magnesium-Enriched Bovine Xenograft and Autologous Dentin in Rats: Micro-CT, Gene Expression and Immunohistochemical Analysis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/270</link> <description>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autologous dentin (AD), bovine xenograft (BX) and magnesium-enriched bovine xenograft (BX + Mg) in the healing of critical cranial bone defects (CCBDs) in rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: BX, BX + Mg, AD and the control group (no intervention). Eight mm CCBDs were created and treated with the respective biomaterials. Healing was assessed 7, 15, 21 and 30 days after surgery by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis. Micro-CT analysis showed that AD had the highest bone volume and the least amount of residual biomaterial at day 30, indicating robust bone formation and efficient resorption. BX + Mg showed significant bone volume but had more residual biomaterial compared to AD. RT-PCR showed that the expression of osteocalcin (OC), the receptor activator of nuclear factor &amp;amp;kappa;B (RANK) and sclerostin (SOST), was highest in the AD group at day 21 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at day 15, indicating increased osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the AD group. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed intense BMP-2/4 and SMAD-1/5/8 expression in the AD group, indicating osteoinductive properties. The favorable gene expression profile and biocompatibility of AD and BX + Mg make them promising candidates for clinical applications in bone tissue engineering. Further research is required to fully exploit their potential in regenerative surgery.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-18</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 270: Regeneration of Critical Calvarial Bone Defects Using Bovine Xenograft, Magnesium-Enriched Bovine Xenograft and Autologous Dentin in Rats: Micro-CT, Gene Expression and Immunohistochemical Analysis</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/270">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090270</a></p> <p>Authors: Marija 膶andrli膰 Ana Terezija Jerbi膰 Radeti膰 Hrvoje Omr膷en Barbara Franovi膰 Lara Bati膷i膰 Tamara Guli膰 Tea 膶aljku拧i膰-Mance Sanja Zori膷i膰 Cvek Lucija Male拧i膰 沤eljka Peri膰 Ka膷arevi膰 Olga Cvijanovi膰 Peloza </p> <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of autologous dentin (AD), bovine xenograft (BX) and magnesium-enriched bovine xenograft (BX + Mg) in the healing of critical cranial bone defects (CCBDs) in rats. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: BX, BX + Mg, AD and the control group (no intervention). Eight mm CCBDs were created and treated with the respective biomaterials. Healing was assessed 7, 15, 21 and 30 days after surgery by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis. Micro-CT analysis showed that AD had the highest bone volume and the least amount of residual biomaterial at day 30, indicating robust bone formation and efficient resorption. BX + Mg showed significant bone volume but had more residual biomaterial compared to AD. RT-PCR showed that the expression of osteocalcin (OC), the receptor activator of nuclear factor &amp;amp;kappa;B (RANK) and sclerostin (SOST), was highest in the AD group at day 21 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at day 15, indicating increased osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the AD group. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed intense BMP-2/4 and SMAD-1/5/8 expression in the AD group, indicating osteoinductive properties. The favorable gene expression profile and biocompatibility of AD and BX + Mg make them promising candidates for clinical applications in bone tissue engineering. Further research is required to fully exploit their potential in regenerative surgery.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Regeneration of Critical Calvarial Bone Defects Using Bovine Xenograft, Magnesium-Enriched Bovine Xenograft and Autologous Dentin in Rats: Micro-CT, Gene Expression and Immunohistochemical Analysis</dc:title> <dc:creator>Marija 膶andrli膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ana Terezija Jerbi膰 Radeti膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hrvoje Omr膷en</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Barbara Franovi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lara Bati膷i膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tamara Guli膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tea 膶aljku拧i膰-Mance</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sanja Zori膷i膰 Cvek</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Lucija Male拧i膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>沤eljka Peri膰 Ka膷arevi膰</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Olga Cvijanovi膰 Peloza</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090270</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-18</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-18</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>270</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090270</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/270</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/269"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 269: Impact of Calcium Lactate Pretreatment on Enamel Fluoride Uptake: A Comparative In Vitro Study of Different Fluoride Types and Concentrations</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/269</link> <description>(1) Background: This study aimed to establish the effect of calcium lactate enamel pretreatment related to different fluoride types and concentrations on the enamel uptake of alkali-soluble fluorides. (2) Materials: In a blind and randomized in vitro study, a total of 60 teeth are used. The first 30 teeth were cut and randomly allocated into one of the following treatments: (A) calcium lactate pretreatment followed by three different fluoride solutions; (B) the &amp;amp;ldquo;Fluoride only&amp;amp;rdquo; group, with slabs treated with three different fluoride solutions; (C) the &amp;amp;ldquo;Calcium only&amp;amp;rdquo; group, with slabs treated with calcium lactate solution; (D) slabs treated with deionized water (negative control group). The next 30 teeth underwent all the above described group procedures but were treated with lower fluoride concentrations. Fluoride was extracted from enamel using 1 M KOH solution and analyzed using a fluoride ion-specific electrode. (3) Results: The findings revealed that slabs treated with NaF following calcium lactate pretreatment exhibited significantly greater enamel uptake of alkali-soluble fluoride compared to other substrates. This significant effect was not observed at lower fluoride concentrations. (4) Conclusion: The study demonstrates that pretreatment with calcium lactate followed by treatment with NaF at 226 ppm F significantly enhances the uptake of alkali-soluble fluoride in enamel compared to other fluoride types.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-16</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 269: Impact of Calcium Lactate Pretreatment on Enamel Fluoride Uptake: A Comparative In Vitro Study of Different Fluoride Types and Concentrations</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/269">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090269</a></p> <p>Authors: Fjolla Kullashi Spahija Ivana Sutej Kresimir Basic Kreshnik Spahija Kristina Peros </p> <p>(1) Background: This study aimed to establish the effect of calcium lactate enamel pretreatment related to different fluoride types and concentrations on the enamel uptake of alkali-soluble fluorides. (2) Materials: In a blind and randomized in vitro study, a total of 60 teeth are used. The first 30 teeth were cut and randomly allocated into one of the following treatments: (A) calcium lactate pretreatment followed by three different fluoride solutions; (B) the &amp;amp;ldquo;Fluoride only&amp;amp;rdquo; group, with slabs treated with three different fluoride solutions; (C) the &amp;amp;ldquo;Calcium only&amp;amp;rdquo; group, with slabs treated with calcium lactate solution; (D) slabs treated with deionized water (negative control group). The next 30 teeth underwent all the above described group procedures but were treated with lower fluoride concentrations. Fluoride was extracted from enamel using 1 M KOH solution and analyzed using a fluoride ion-specific electrode. (3) Results: The findings revealed that slabs treated with NaF following calcium lactate pretreatment exhibited significantly greater enamel uptake of alkali-soluble fluoride compared to other substrates. This significant effect was not observed at lower fluoride concentrations. (4) Conclusion: The study demonstrates that pretreatment with calcium lactate followed by treatment with NaF at 226 ppm F significantly enhances the uptake of alkali-soluble fluoride in enamel compared to other fluoride types.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Impact of Calcium Lactate Pretreatment on Enamel Fluoride Uptake: A Comparative In Vitro Study of Different Fluoride Types and Concentrations</dc:title> <dc:creator>Fjolla Kullashi Spahija</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ivana Sutej</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kresimir Basic</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kreshnik Spahija</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Kristina Peros</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090269</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-16</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-16</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>269</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090269</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/269</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/268"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 268: Stress Distribution of Pediatric Zirconia and Stainless Steel Crowns after Pulpotomy Procedure under Vertical Loading: A Patient-Specific Finite Element Analysis</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/268</link> <description>Aim: With modern dentistry advancements, children and parents have significantly raised aesthetic expectations in pediatric dentistry. Pediatric zirconia crowns (PZCs) provide a superior aesthetic appearance compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs), making them a popular treatment option. However, a comparison of the compressive stresses caused by these crowns on the roots of primary teeth and alveolar bones has not been conducted. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of an eight-year-old female patient who experienced premature loss of a primary mandibular left second molar were obtained from a dental hospital database. Rhinoceros 4.0 software was used to process and simulate images. Under simulated chewing forces, stress on the PZC, SSC, and intact primary first molars as control groups, as well as their roots and alveolar bone structures, was assessed with finite element analysis. Statistical Analyses: Depending on whether the descriptive data were normally distributed, the Student t-test and Mann&amp;amp;ndash;Whitney U test were used. Quantitative variables differ between the two categories of qualitative variables. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal&amp;amp;ndash;Wallis H tests were used depending on standard distribution assumptions. p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05 indicates statistical significance differences. Results: PZCs, SSCs, and cement layers were stressed according to von Mises values, while roots and alveolar bones were stressed according to maximum and minimum stress values. When assessing crowns, SSCs exhibited the highest von Mises stress values, followed by PZCs and control groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001). In the cement layer, SSCs obtained significantly higher values (p = 0.003). In the root area, minimum principal stress values are more critical. The highest values were obtained from the intact tooth, PZC, and SSC, respectively (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Alveolar bones did not differ significantly in minimum principal stress (p = 0.950). Conclusions: Restorative full-coverage crowns exhibited higher von Mises values than intact teeth, as per current research findings. The von Mises values were highest in SSC, while lowest in PZC. As a result of this condition, the cement layer and root areas had higher von Mises stress and compressive stress. Alveolar bones were not affected regardless of restoration type. PZC transmits higher stress due to its properties.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-14</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 268: Stress Distribution of Pediatric Zirconia and Stainless Steel Crowns after Pulpotomy Procedure under Vertical Loading: A Patient-Specific Finite Element Analysis</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/268">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090268</a></p> <p>Authors: 脰zg眉r Do臒an </p> <p>Aim: With modern dentistry advancements, children and parents have significantly raised aesthetic expectations in pediatric dentistry. Pediatric zirconia crowns (PZCs) provide a superior aesthetic appearance compared with stainless steel crowns (SSCs), making them a popular treatment option. However, a comparison of the compressive stresses caused by these crowns on the roots of primary teeth and alveolar bones has not been conducted. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of an eight-year-old female patient who experienced premature loss of a primary mandibular left second molar were obtained from a dental hospital database. Rhinoceros 4.0 software was used to process and simulate images. Under simulated chewing forces, stress on the PZC, SSC, and intact primary first molars as control groups, as well as their roots and alveolar bone structures, was assessed with finite element analysis. Statistical Analyses: Depending on whether the descriptive data were normally distributed, the Student t-test and Mann&amp;amp;ndash;Whitney U test were used. Quantitative variables differ between the two categories of qualitative variables. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal&amp;amp;ndash;Wallis H tests were used depending on standard distribution assumptions. p &amp;amp;lt; 0.05 indicates statistical significance differences. Results: PZCs, SSCs, and cement layers were stressed according to von Mises values, while roots and alveolar bones were stressed according to maximum and minimum stress values. When assessing crowns, SSCs exhibited the highest von Mises stress values, followed by PZCs and control groups (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001). In the cement layer, SSCs obtained significantly higher values (p = 0.003). In the root area, minimum principal stress values are more critical. The highest values were obtained from the intact tooth, PZC, and SSC, respectively (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Alveolar bones did not differ significantly in minimum principal stress (p = 0.950). Conclusions: Restorative full-coverage crowns exhibited higher von Mises values than intact teeth, as per current research findings. The von Mises values were highest in SSC, while lowest in PZC. As a result of this condition, the cement layer and root areas had higher von Mises stress and compressive stress. Alveolar bones were not affected regardless of restoration type. PZC transmits higher stress due to its properties.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Stress Distribution of Pediatric Zirconia and Stainless Steel Crowns after Pulpotomy Procedure under Vertical Loading: A Patient-Specific Finite Element Analysis</dc:title> <dc:creator>脰zg眉r Do臒an</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090268</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>268</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090268</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/268</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/267"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 267: Functional Biomaterials and Biomaterial Composites with Antimicrobial Properties</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/267</link> <description>AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites no longer respond to antimicrobial medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics [...]</description> <pubDate>2024-09-14</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 267: Functional Biomaterials and Biomaterial Composites with Antimicrobial Properties</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/267">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090267</a></p> <p>Authors: John H. T. Luong </p> <p>AMR occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites no longer respond to antimicrobial medicines, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics [...]</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Functional Biomaterials and Biomaterial Composites with Antimicrobial Properties</dc:title> <dc:creator>John H. T. Luong</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090267</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Editorial</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>267</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090267</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/267</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/266"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 266: In Vitro Wound-Healing Potential of Phenolic and Polysaccharide Extracts of Aloe vera Gel</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/266</link> <description>The present study aimed to conduct a comparative investigation of the biological properties of phenolic and polysaccharide extracts obtained using an ultrasound-assisted technique from Aloe vera gel and their effects on each stage of the wound healing process in in vitro experimental models. HPLC analysis showed that the phenolic extract contained aloin, ferulic, and caffeic acid, as well as quercetin dihydrate, as major compounds. Capillary zone electrophoresis indicated the prevalence of mannose and glucose in the polysaccharide extract. Cell culture testing revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of the phenolic extract at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL through significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines&amp;amp;mdash;up to 28% TNF-&amp;amp;alpha; and 11% IL-8 secretion&amp;amp;mdash;in inflamed THP-1-derived macrophages, while a pro-inflammatory effect was observed at 0.5 mg/mL. The phenolic extract induced 18% stimulation of L929 fibroblast proliferation at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, enhanced the cell migration rate by 20%, and increased collagen type I synthesis by 18%. Moreover, the phenolic extract exhibited superior antioxidant properties by scavenging free DPPH (IC50 of 2.50 mg/mL) and ABTS (16.47 mM TE/g) radicals, and 46% inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was achieved. The polysaccharide extract demonstrated a greater increase in collagen synthesis up to 25%, as well as antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a bacteriostatic effect at 25 mg/mL and a bactericidal one at 50 mg/mL. All these findings indicate that the phenolic extract might be more beneficial in formulations intended for the initial phases of wound healing, such as inflammation and proliferation, while the polysaccharide extract could be more suitable for use during the remodeling stage. Moreover, they might be combined with other biomaterials, acting as efficient dressings with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties for rapid recovery of chronic wounds.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-13</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 266: In Vitro Wound-Healing Potential of Phenolic and Polysaccharide Extracts of Aloe vera Gel</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/266">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090266</a></p> <p>Authors: Andreea Iosageanu Elena Mihai Ana-Maria Seciu-Grama Elena Utoiu Alexandra Gaspar-Pintiliescu Florentina Gatea Anisoara Cimpean Oana Craciunescu </p> <p>The present study aimed to conduct a comparative investigation of the biological properties of phenolic and polysaccharide extracts obtained using an ultrasound-assisted technique from Aloe vera gel and their effects on each stage of the wound healing process in in vitro experimental models. HPLC analysis showed that the phenolic extract contained aloin, ferulic, and caffeic acid, as well as quercetin dihydrate, as major compounds. Capillary zone electrophoresis indicated the prevalence of mannose and glucose in the polysaccharide extract. Cell culture testing revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of the phenolic extract at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL through significant inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines&amp;amp;mdash;up to 28% TNF-&amp;amp;alpha; and 11% IL-8 secretion&amp;amp;mdash;in inflamed THP-1-derived macrophages, while a pro-inflammatory effect was observed at 0.5 mg/mL. The phenolic extract induced 18% stimulation of L929 fibroblast proliferation at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, enhanced the cell migration rate by 20%, and increased collagen type I synthesis by 18%. Moreover, the phenolic extract exhibited superior antioxidant properties by scavenging free DPPH (IC50 of 2.50 mg/mL) and ABTS (16.47 mM TE/g) radicals, and 46% inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was achieved. The polysaccharide extract demonstrated a greater increase in collagen synthesis up to 25%, as well as antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a bacteriostatic effect at 25 mg/mL and a bactericidal one at 50 mg/mL. All these findings indicate that the phenolic extract might be more beneficial in formulations intended for the initial phases of wound healing, such as inflammation and proliferation, while the polysaccharide extract could be more suitable for use during the remodeling stage. Moreover, they might be combined with other biomaterials, acting as efficient dressings with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties for rapid recovery of chronic wounds.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>In Vitro Wound-Healing Potential of Phenolic and Polysaccharide Extracts of Aloe vera Gel</dc:title> <dc:creator>Andreea Iosageanu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elena Mihai</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ana-Maria Seciu-Grama</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Elena Utoiu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alexandra Gaspar-Pintiliescu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Florentina Gatea</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anisoara Cimpean</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Oana Craciunescu</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090266</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-13</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-13</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>266</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090266</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/266</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/265"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 265: Exploring the Role of Fibrin Gels in Enhancing Cell Migration for Vasculature Formation</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/265</link> <description>A hallmark of angiogenesis is the sprouting of endothelial cells. To replicate this event in vitro, biomaterial approaches can play an essential role in promoting cell migration. To study the capacity of a scaffold of fibrin (fibrinogen:thrombin mix) to support the movement of the endothelial cells, the migration area of spheroids formed with the HULEC cell line was measured. The cells were first allowed to form a spheroid using the hanging drop technique before being encapsulated in the fibrin gel. The cells&amp;amp;rsquo; migration area was then measured after two days of embedding in the fibrin gel. Various conditions affecting fibrin gel polymerization, such as different concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin, were evaluated alongside rheology, porosity, and fiber thickness analysis to understand how these factors influenced cell behavior within the composite biomaterial. Data point toward thrombin&amp;amp;rsquo;s role in governing fibrin gel polymerization; higher concentrations result in less rigid gels (loss tangent between 0.07 and 0.034) and increased cell migration (maximum concentration tested: 5 U/mL). The herein presented method allows for a more precise determination of the crosslinking conditions of fibrin gel that can be used to stimulate angiogenic sprouting.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 265: Exploring the Role of Fibrin Gels in Enhancing Cell Migration for Vasculature Formation</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/265">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090265</a></p> <p>Authors: Joana A. Moura Hugh J. Barlow Shareen H. Doak Karl Hawkins Iris Muller Martin J. D. Clift </p> <p>A hallmark of angiogenesis is the sprouting of endothelial cells. To replicate this event in vitro, biomaterial approaches can play an essential role in promoting cell migration. To study the capacity of a scaffold of fibrin (fibrinogen:thrombin mix) to support the movement of the endothelial cells, the migration area of spheroids formed with the HULEC cell line was measured. The cells were first allowed to form a spheroid using the hanging drop technique before being encapsulated in the fibrin gel. The cells&amp;amp;rsquo; migration area was then measured after two days of embedding in the fibrin gel. Various conditions affecting fibrin gel polymerization, such as different concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin, were evaluated alongside rheology, porosity, and fiber thickness analysis to understand how these factors influenced cell behavior within the composite biomaterial. Data point toward thrombin&amp;amp;rsquo;s role in governing fibrin gel polymerization; higher concentrations result in less rigid gels (loss tangent between 0.07 and 0.034) and increased cell migration (maximum concentration tested: 5 U/mL). The herein presented method allows for a more precise determination of the crosslinking conditions of fibrin gel that can be used to stimulate angiogenic sprouting.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Exploring the Role of Fibrin Gels in Enhancing Cell Migration for Vasculature Formation</dc:title> <dc:creator>Joana A. Moura</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hugh J. Barlow</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Shareen H. Doak</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Karl Hawkins</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Iris Muller</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Martin J. D. Clift</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090265</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>265</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090265</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/265</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/264"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 264: Comparison of Key Properties of Ag-TiO2 and Hydroxyapatite-Ag-TiO2 Coatings on NiTi SMA</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/264</link> <description>To functionalize the NiTi alloy, multifunctional innovative nanocoatings of Ag-TiO2 and Ag-TiO2 doped with hydroxyapatite were engineered on its surface. The coatings were thoroughly characterized, focusing on surface topography and key functional properties, including adhesion, surface wettability, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and corrosion resistance. The electrochemical corrosion kinetics in a simulated body fluid and the mechanisms were analyzed. The coatings exhibited hydrophilic properties and were biocompatible with fibroblast and osteoblast cells while also demonstrating antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. epidermidis. The coatings adhered strongly to the NiTi substrate, with superior adhesion observed in the hydroxyapatite-doped layers. Conversely, the Ag-TiO2 layers showed enhanced corrosion resistance.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-12</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 264: Comparison of Key Properties of Ag-TiO2 and Hydroxyapatite-Ag-TiO2 Coatings on NiTi SMA</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/264">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090264</a></p> <p>Authors: Karolina Dudek Aleksandra Strach Daniel Wasilkowski Bo偶ena 艁osiewicz Julian Kubisztal Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz Patryk Zio艂a Adrian Barylski </p> <p>To functionalize the NiTi alloy, multifunctional innovative nanocoatings of Ag-TiO2 and Ag-TiO2 doped with hydroxyapatite were engineered on its surface. The coatings were thoroughly characterized, focusing on surface topography and key functional properties, including adhesion, surface wettability, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and corrosion resistance. The electrochemical corrosion kinetics in a simulated body fluid and the mechanisms were analyzed. The coatings exhibited hydrophilic properties and were biocompatible with fibroblast and osteoblast cells while also demonstrating antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. epidermidis. The coatings adhered strongly to the NiTi substrate, with superior adhesion observed in the hydroxyapatite-doped layers. Conversely, the Ag-TiO2 layers showed enhanced corrosion resistance.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Comparison of Key Properties of Ag-TiO2 and Hydroxyapatite-Ag-TiO2 Coatings on NiTi SMA</dc:title> <dc:creator>Karolina Dudek</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Aleksandra Strach</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Daniel Wasilkowski</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Bo偶ena 艁osiewicz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Julian Kubisztal</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Patryk Zio艂a</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Adrian Barylski</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090264</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-12</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-12</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>264</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090264</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/264</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/263"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 263: Effects of Confined Microenvironments with Protein Coating, Nanotopography, and TGF-&amp;beta; Inhibitor on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Migration through Channels</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/263</link> <description>Distant metastasis is the primary cause of unsuccessful treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), suggesting the crucial need to comprehend this process. A tumor related to NPC does not have flat surfaces, but consists of confined microenvironments, proteins, and surface topography. To mimic the complex microenvironment, three-dimensional platforms with microwells and connecting channels were designed and developed with a fibronectin (FN) coating or nanohole topography. The potential of the transforming growth factor-&amp;amp;beta; (TGF-&amp;amp;beta;) inhibitor (galunisertib) for treating NPC was also investigated using the proposed platform. Our results demonstrated an increased traversing probability of NPC43 cells through channels with an FN coating, which correlated with enhanced cell motility and dispersion. Conversely, the presence of nanohole topography patterned on the platform bottom and the TGF-&amp;amp;beta; inhibitor led to a reduced cell traversing probability and decreased cell motility, likely due to the decrease in the F-actin concentration in NPC43 cells. This study highlights the significant impact of confinement levels, surface proteins, nanotopography, and the TGF-&amp;amp;beta; inhibitor on the metastatic probability of cancer cells, providing valuable insights for the development of novel treatment therapies for NPC. The developed platforms proved to be useful tools for evaluating the metastatic potential of cells and are applicable for drug screening.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-11</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 263: Effects of Confined Microenvironments with Protein Coating, Nanotopography, and TGF-&amp;beta; Inhibitor on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Migration through Channels</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/263">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090263</a></p> <p>Authors: Xiao Hong Yuanhao Xu Stella W. Pang </p> <p>Distant metastasis is the primary cause of unsuccessful treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), suggesting the crucial need to comprehend this process. A tumor related to NPC does not have flat surfaces, but consists of confined microenvironments, proteins, and surface topography. To mimic the complex microenvironment, three-dimensional platforms with microwells and connecting channels were designed and developed with a fibronectin (FN) coating or nanohole topography. The potential of the transforming growth factor-&amp;amp;beta; (TGF-&amp;amp;beta;) inhibitor (galunisertib) for treating NPC was also investigated using the proposed platform. Our results demonstrated an increased traversing probability of NPC43 cells through channels with an FN coating, which correlated with enhanced cell motility and dispersion. Conversely, the presence of nanohole topography patterned on the platform bottom and the TGF-&amp;amp;beta; inhibitor led to a reduced cell traversing probability and decreased cell motility, likely due to the decrease in the F-actin concentration in NPC43 cells. This study highlights the significant impact of confinement levels, surface proteins, nanotopography, and the TGF-&amp;amp;beta; inhibitor on the metastatic probability of cancer cells, providing valuable insights for the development of novel treatment therapies for NPC. The developed platforms proved to be useful tools for evaluating the metastatic potential of cells and are applicable for drug screening.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Confined Microenvironments with Protein Coating, Nanotopography, and TGF-&amp;amp;beta; Inhibitor on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Migration through Channels</dc:title> <dc:creator>Xiao Hong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Yuanhao Xu</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Stella W. Pang</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090263</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-11</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-11</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>263</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090263</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/263</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/262"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 262: Synthetic Extracellular Matrix of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/262</link> <description>An ideal extracellular matrix (ECM) replacement scaffold in a three-dimensional cell (3D) culture should induce in vivo-like interactions between the ECM and cultured cells. Highly hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers disintegrate upon contact with water, resulting in the loss of their fibrous morphology in cell cultures. This can be resolved by using chemical crosslinkers and post-crosslinking. A crosslinked, water-stable, porous, and optically transparent PVA nanofibrous membrane (NM) supports the 3D growth of various cell types. The binding of cells attached to the porous PVA NM is low, resulting in the aggregation of cultured cells in prolonged cultures. PVA NMs containing integrin-binding peptides of fibronectin and laminin were produced to retain the blended peptides as cell-binding substrates. These peptide-blended PVA NMs promote peptide-specific cell adherence and growth. Various cells, including epithelial cells, cultured on these PVA NMs form layers instead of cell aggregates and spheroids, and their growth patterns are similar to those of the cells cultured on an ECM-coated PVA NM. The peptide-retained PVA NMs are non-stimulatory to dendritic cells cultured on the membranes. These peptide-retaining PVA NMs can be used as an ECM replacement matrix by providing in vivo-like interactions between the matrix and cultured cells.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-10</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 262: Synthetic Extracellular Matrix of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/262">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090262</a></p> <p>Authors: Thi Xuan Thuy Tran Gyu-Min Sun Hue Vy An Tran Young Hun Jeong Petr Slama Young-Chae Chang In-Jeong Lee Jong-Young Kwak </p> <p>An ideal extracellular matrix (ECM) replacement scaffold in a three-dimensional cell (3D) culture should induce in vivo-like interactions between the ECM and cultured cells. Highly hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers disintegrate upon contact with water, resulting in the loss of their fibrous morphology in cell cultures. This can be resolved by using chemical crosslinkers and post-crosslinking. A crosslinked, water-stable, porous, and optically transparent PVA nanofibrous membrane (NM) supports the 3D growth of various cell types. The binding of cells attached to the porous PVA NM is low, resulting in the aggregation of cultured cells in prolonged cultures. PVA NMs containing integrin-binding peptides of fibronectin and laminin were produced to retain the blended peptides as cell-binding substrates. These peptide-blended PVA NMs promote peptide-specific cell adherence and growth. Various cells, including epithelial cells, cultured on these PVA NMs form layers instead of cell aggregates and spheroids, and their growth patterns are similar to those of the cells cultured on an ECM-coated PVA NM. The peptide-retained PVA NMs are non-stimulatory to dendritic cells cultured on the membranes. These peptide-retaining PVA NMs can be used as an ECM replacement matrix by providing in vivo-like interactions between the matrix and cultured cells.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Synthetic Extracellular Matrix of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture</dc:title> <dc:creator>Thi Xuan Thuy Tran</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Gyu-Min Sun</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Hue Vy An Tran</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Young Hun Jeong</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Petr Slama</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Young-Chae Chang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>In-Jeong Lee</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jong-Young Kwak</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090262</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>262</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090262</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/262</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/261"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 261: Porcine Cross-Linked Collagen Matrix for Peri-Implant Vertical Soft Tissue Augmentation: A Randomized Prospective Observational Study</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/261</link> <description>The mucosa height has always been of interest in modern implant dentistry to obtain biomimetic results. Papilla height, mucosa scalloping, and free mucosal margin level are crucial to achieve &amp;amp;ldquo;pink aesthetics&amp;amp;rdquo;. The aim of this study was to investigate the vertical increase in the peri-implant soft tissues with a porcine cross-linked collagen matrix (Geistlich Fibro-Gide&amp;amp;reg;). Methods: A total of 60 patients were divided into the following three groups: Group 1&amp;amp;mdash;patients who received porcine cross-linked collagen matrix for vertical soft tissue augmentation and a cover screw combined with a coronally advanced flap (CAF); Group 2&amp;amp;mdash;patients who received the collagen matrix combined with a healing abutment and CAF; Group 3 (control group)&amp;amp;mdash;patients who received a traditional surgical approach based on crestal incision and no collagen matrix as well as no CAF. Results: The average horizontal tissue thickness growth after 3 months was more effective for Group 1 (1.35 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.23 mm) compared to Group 2 (0.85 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.67 mm) and the control group (0.20 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.41 mm). The average tissue height growth was 1.05 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.39 mm for Group 1, 0.32 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.28 mm for Group 2, and &amp;amp;minus;0.05 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.39 mm for the control group. Finally, the average increase in the band of keratinized mucosa was 0.60 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.23 mm for Group 1, &amp;amp;minus;0.60 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.94 mm for Group 2, and 0.45 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.60 mm for the control group. Conclusions: The combination of the CAF, porcine cross-linked collagen matrix, and cover screw resulted in better clinical results compared to Group 2 and 3.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-10</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 261: Porcine Cross-Linked Collagen Matrix for Peri-Implant Vertical Soft Tissue Augmentation: A Randomized Prospective Observational Study</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/261">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090261</a></p> <p>Authors: Giorgio Tabanella Massimiliano Viale </p> <p>The mucosa height has always been of interest in modern implant dentistry to obtain biomimetic results. Papilla height, mucosa scalloping, and free mucosal margin level are crucial to achieve &amp;amp;ldquo;pink aesthetics&amp;amp;rdquo;. The aim of this study was to investigate the vertical increase in the peri-implant soft tissues with a porcine cross-linked collagen matrix (Geistlich Fibro-Gide&amp;amp;reg;). Methods: A total of 60 patients were divided into the following three groups: Group 1&amp;amp;mdash;patients who received porcine cross-linked collagen matrix for vertical soft tissue augmentation and a cover screw combined with a coronally advanced flap (CAF); Group 2&amp;amp;mdash;patients who received the collagen matrix combined with a healing abutment and CAF; Group 3 (control group)&amp;amp;mdash;patients who received a traditional surgical approach based on crestal incision and no collagen matrix as well as no CAF. Results: The average horizontal tissue thickness growth after 3 months was more effective for Group 1 (1.35 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.23 mm) compared to Group 2 (0.85 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.67 mm) and the control group (0.20 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.41 mm). The average tissue height growth was 1.05 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.39 mm for Group 1, 0.32 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.28 mm for Group 2, and &amp;amp;minus;0.05 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.39 mm for the control group. Finally, the average increase in the band of keratinized mucosa was 0.60 &amp;amp;plusmn; 1.23 mm for Group 1, &amp;amp;minus;0.60 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.94 mm for Group 2, and 0.45 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.60 mm for the control group. Conclusions: The combination of the CAF, porcine cross-linked collagen matrix, and cover screw resulted in better clinical results compared to Group 2 and 3.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Porcine Cross-Linked Collagen Matrix for Peri-Implant Vertical Soft Tissue Augmentation: A Randomized Prospective Observational Study</dc:title> <dc:creator>Giorgio Tabanella</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Massimiliano Viale</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090261</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>261</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090261</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/261</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/260"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 260: Effects of Loading Forces, Loading Positions, and Splinting of Two, Three, or Four Ti-Zr (Roxolid&amp;reg;) Mini-Implants Supporting the Mandibular Overdentures on Peri-Implant and Posterior Edentulous Area Strains</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/260</link> <description>Clinical indications for the Ti-Zr alloy (Roxolid&amp;amp;reg;) mini-implants (MDIs) in subjects with narrow ridges are still under review. The aim was to analyze peri-implant and posterior edentulous area strains dependent on the MDI number, splinting status, loading force, and loading position. Six models were digitally designed and printed. Two, three, or four Ti-Zr MDIs, splinted with a bar or unsplinted (single units), supported mandibular overdentures (ODs), loaded with 50&amp;amp;ndash;300 N forces unilaterally, bilaterally, and anteriorly. The artificial mucosa thickness was 2 mm. Strain gauges were bonded on the vestibular and oral peri-implant sides of each MDI, and on the posterior edentulous area under the ODs. Loadings were performed through the metal plate placed on ODs&amp;amp;rsquo; artificial teeth (15 times repeated). Arithmetic means with standard deviations and the significance of the differences (MANOVA, Sheffe post hoc) were calculated. Different MDI numbers, loading positions, forces, and splinting elicited different peri-implant microstrains. In the two-MDI models, 300 N force during unilateral loading elicited the highest microstrains (almost 3000 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu; on the loaded side), which can jeopardize bone reparation. On the opposite side, &amp;amp;gt;2500 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu; was registered, which represents high strains. During bilateral loadings, microstrains hardly exceeded 2000 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu;, indicating that bilateral chewers or subjects having lower forces can benefit from the two Ti-Zr MDIs, irrespective of splinting. However, in subjects chewing unilaterally, and inducing higher forces (natural teeth antagonists), or bruxers, only two MDIs may not be sufficient to support the OD. By increasing implant numbers, peri-implant strains decrease in both splinted and single-unit MDI models, far beyond values that can interfere with bone reparation, indicating that splinting is not necessary. When the positions of the loading forces are closer to the implant, higher peri-implant strains are induced. Regarding the distal edentulous area, microstrains reached 2000 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu; only during unilateral loadings in the two-MDI models, and all other strains were lower, below 1500 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu;, confirming that implant-supported overdentures do not lead to edentulous ridge atrophy.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-09</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 260: Effects of Loading Forces, Loading Positions, and Splinting of Two, Three, or Four Ti-Zr (Roxolid&amp;reg;) Mini-Implants Supporting the Mandibular Overdentures on Peri-Implant and Posterior Edentulous Area Strains</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/260">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090260</a></p> <p>Authors: Nikola Petricevic Asja Celebic Dario Puljic Ognjen Milat Alan Divjak Ines Kovacic </p> <p>Clinical indications for the Ti-Zr alloy (Roxolid&amp;amp;reg;) mini-implants (MDIs) in subjects with narrow ridges are still under review. The aim was to analyze peri-implant and posterior edentulous area strains dependent on the MDI number, splinting status, loading force, and loading position. Six models were digitally designed and printed. Two, three, or four Ti-Zr MDIs, splinted with a bar or unsplinted (single units), supported mandibular overdentures (ODs), loaded with 50&amp;amp;ndash;300 N forces unilaterally, bilaterally, and anteriorly. The artificial mucosa thickness was 2 mm. Strain gauges were bonded on the vestibular and oral peri-implant sides of each MDI, and on the posterior edentulous area under the ODs. Loadings were performed through the metal plate placed on ODs&amp;amp;rsquo; artificial teeth (15 times repeated). Arithmetic means with standard deviations and the significance of the differences (MANOVA, Sheffe post hoc) were calculated. Different MDI numbers, loading positions, forces, and splinting elicited different peri-implant microstrains. In the two-MDI models, 300 N force during unilateral loading elicited the highest microstrains (almost 3000 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu; on the loaded side), which can jeopardize bone reparation. On the opposite side, &amp;amp;gt;2500 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu; was registered, which represents high strains. During bilateral loadings, microstrains hardly exceeded 2000 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu;, indicating that bilateral chewers or subjects having lower forces can benefit from the two Ti-Zr MDIs, irrespective of splinting. However, in subjects chewing unilaterally, and inducing higher forces (natural teeth antagonists), or bruxers, only two MDIs may not be sufficient to support the OD. By increasing implant numbers, peri-implant strains decrease in both splinted and single-unit MDI models, far beyond values that can interfere with bone reparation, indicating that splinting is not necessary. When the positions of the loading forces are closer to the implant, higher peri-implant strains are induced. Regarding the distal edentulous area, microstrains reached 2000 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu; only during unilateral loadings in the two-MDI models, and all other strains were lower, below 1500 &amp;amp;epsilon;&amp;amp;mu;, confirming that implant-supported overdentures do not lead to edentulous ridge atrophy.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effects of Loading Forces, Loading Positions, and Splinting of Two, Three, or Four Ti-Zr (Roxolid&amp;amp;reg;) Mini-Implants Supporting the Mandibular Overdentures on Peri-Implant and Posterior Edentulous Area Strains</dc:title> <dc:creator>Nikola Petricevic</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Asja Celebic</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dario Puljic</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ognjen Milat</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Alan Divjak</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ines Kovacic</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090260</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>260</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090260</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/260</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/259"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 259: Effect of Silica Nanoparticle Treatment on Adhesion between Tissue-like Substrates and In Vivo Skin Wound Sealing</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/259</link> <description>Silica nanoparticles are innovative solutions of surgical glue that can readily adhere to various tissue-like substrates without the need for time-consuming chemical reactions or ultraviolet irradiation. Herein, 10 nm-sized silica nanoparticle (SiNP10) treatment exhibited maximum adhesion strength in the porcine heart tissue model, which was approximately 7.15 times higher than that of the control group of non-treatment. We assessed the effects of silica nanoparticle treatment on in vivo skin wounds by scoring tissue adhesion and inflammation using histological images. Compared to the commercial cyanoacrylate skin adhesive (Dermabond), suppression of inflammatory cytokine levels in the incision wound skin was observed. We further quantified the expression of angiogenic growth factors and connective tissue formation-related proteins. On day 5 after wound closing treatment, the expression levels of PDGF-BB growth factor were significantly higher in SiNP10 treatment (0.64 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.03) compared to Dermabond (0.07 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.05). This stimulated angiogenesis and connective tissue formation in the skin of the incision wound may be associated with the promoting effects of SiNP10 treatment on wound closure and tissue adhesion.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-09</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 259: Effect of Silica Nanoparticle Treatment on Adhesion between Tissue-like Substrates and In Vivo Skin Wound Sealing</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/259">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090259</a></p> <p>Authors: Yeji Jeon Tae Ryeol Kim Eun Seo Park Jae Hyun Park Han Sung Youn Dae Youn Hwang Sungbaek Seo </p> <p>Silica nanoparticles are innovative solutions of surgical glue that can readily adhere to various tissue-like substrates without the need for time-consuming chemical reactions or ultraviolet irradiation. Herein, 10 nm-sized silica nanoparticle (SiNP10) treatment exhibited maximum adhesion strength in the porcine heart tissue model, which was approximately 7.15 times higher than that of the control group of non-treatment. We assessed the effects of silica nanoparticle treatment on in vivo skin wounds by scoring tissue adhesion and inflammation using histological images. Compared to the commercial cyanoacrylate skin adhesive (Dermabond), suppression of inflammatory cytokine levels in the incision wound skin was observed. We further quantified the expression of angiogenic growth factors and connective tissue formation-related proteins. On day 5 after wound closing treatment, the expression levels of PDGF-BB growth factor were significantly higher in SiNP10 treatment (0.64 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.03) compared to Dermabond (0.07 &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.05). This stimulated angiogenesis and connective tissue formation in the skin of the incision wound may be associated with the promoting effects of SiNP10 treatment on wound closure and tissue adhesion.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Effect of Silica Nanoparticle Treatment on Adhesion between Tissue-like Substrates and In Vivo Skin Wound Sealing</dc:title> <dc:creator>Yeji Jeon</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Tae Ryeol Kim</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Eun Seo Park</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jae Hyun Park</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Han Sung Youn</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Dae Youn Hwang</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Sungbaek Seo</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090259</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>259</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090259</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/259</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/258"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 258: Advances in Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glasses: A Comprehensive Review</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/258</link> <description>Bioactive glasses (BGs) have attracted significant attention in the biomaterials field due to their ability to promote soft and hard tissue regeneration and their potential for various clinical applications. BGs offer enriched features through the integration of different therapeutic inorganic ions within their composition. These ions can trigger specific responses in the body conducive to a battery of applications. For example, zinc, a vital trace element, plays a role in numerous physiological processes within the human body. By incorporating zinc, BGs can inhibit bacterial growth, exert anti-inflammatory effects, and modify bioactivity, promoting better integration with surrounding tissues when used in scaffolds for tissue regeneration. This article reviews recent developments in zinc-containing BGs (ZBGs), focusing on their synthesis, physicochemical, and biological properties. ZBGs represent a significant advancement in applications extending beyond bone regeneration. Overall, their biological roles hold promise for various applications, such as bone tissue engineering, wound healing, and biomedical coatings. Ongoing research continues to explore the potential benefits of ZBGs and to optimize their properties for diverse clinical applications.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-08</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 258: Advances in Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glasses: A Comprehensive Review</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/258">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090258</a></p> <p>Authors: Fariborz Sharifianjazi Mohammadjavad Sharifianjazi Maryam Irandoost Ketevan Tavamaishvili Mehdi Mohabatkhah Maziar Montazerian </p> <p>Bioactive glasses (BGs) have attracted significant attention in the biomaterials field due to their ability to promote soft and hard tissue regeneration and their potential for various clinical applications. BGs offer enriched features through the integration of different therapeutic inorganic ions within their composition. These ions can trigger specific responses in the body conducive to a battery of applications. For example, zinc, a vital trace element, plays a role in numerous physiological processes within the human body. By incorporating zinc, BGs can inhibit bacterial growth, exert anti-inflammatory effects, and modify bioactivity, promoting better integration with surrounding tissues when used in scaffolds for tissue regeneration. This article reviews recent developments in zinc-containing BGs (ZBGs), focusing on their synthesis, physicochemical, and biological properties. ZBGs represent a significant advancement in applications extending beyond bone regeneration. Overall, their biological roles hold promise for various applications, such as bone tissue engineering, wound healing, and biomedical coatings. Ongoing research continues to explore the potential benefits of ZBGs and to optimize their properties for diverse clinical applications.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Advances in Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glasses: A Comprehensive Review</dc:title> <dc:creator>Fariborz Sharifianjazi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mohammadjavad Sharifianjazi</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maryam Irandoost</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ketevan Tavamaishvili</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Mehdi Mohabatkhah</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maziar Montazerian</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090258</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-08</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-08</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Review</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>258</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090258</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/258</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <item rdf:about="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/257"> <title>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 257: Healing Potential of the Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenan and Ulvan on Second-Degree Burns</title> <link>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/257</link> <description>The treatment of second-degree burn wounds presents a significant clinical challenge, often characterized by prolonged healing times and risk of complications. In this study, the wound healing potential of bioactive marine sulfated polysaccharides ulvan and carrageenan formulated in gels at concentrations of 1.5%, 5.0%, and 10% w/w was evaluated. Hairless female SKH-hr2 mice (n = 7 per treatment) with burn-inflamed skin were treated with the polysaccharide-based gels, and the therapeutic efficacy was assessed using a comprehensive array of evaluation methods, including a histopathological analysis, clinical observation, photo-documentation, an image analysis, an evaluation of biophysical skin parameters, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Our findings indicate that the 10% w/w carrageenan gel exhibited significant enhancement in wound healing, particularly in the early stages of the healing process. This was evidenced by the restoration of the &amp;amp;alpha;-helix structure of collagen and the configuration of glycosaminoglycans, as demonstrated by FT-IR absorption bands of the skin both in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, the 5% w/w ulvan gel also demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting wound healing, particularly in the later stages of the healing process. These results suggest that carrageenan and ulvan gels hold promise for improving the efficiency of wound healing in second-degree burn wounds. Our study contributes to the understanding of the therapeutic potential of marine polysaccharides and provides insights into their mechanism of action in promoting wound healing.</description> <pubDate>2024-09-05</pubDate> <content:encoded><![CDATA[ <p><b>JFB, Vol. 15, Pages 257: Healing Potential of the Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenan and Ulvan on Second-Degree Burns</b></p> <p>Journal of Functional Biomaterials <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/257">doi: 10.3390/jfb15090257</a></p> <p>Authors: Dimitra Statha Asimina Papaioannou Stefanos Kikionis Maria Kostaki Ioannis Sfiniadakis Andreas Vitsos Jane Anastassopoulou Efstathia Ioannou Vassilios Roussis Michail Christou Rallis </p> <p>The treatment of second-degree burn wounds presents a significant clinical challenge, often characterized by prolonged healing times and risk of complications. In this study, the wound healing potential of bioactive marine sulfated polysaccharides ulvan and carrageenan formulated in gels at concentrations of 1.5%, 5.0%, and 10% w/w was evaluated. Hairless female SKH-hr2 mice (n = 7 per treatment) with burn-inflamed skin were treated with the polysaccharide-based gels, and the therapeutic efficacy was assessed using a comprehensive array of evaluation methods, including a histopathological analysis, clinical observation, photo-documentation, an image analysis, an evaluation of biophysical skin parameters, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Our findings indicate that the 10% w/w carrageenan gel exhibited significant enhancement in wound healing, particularly in the early stages of the healing process. This was evidenced by the restoration of the &amp;amp;alpha;-helix structure of collagen and the configuration of glycosaminoglycans, as demonstrated by FT-IR absorption bands of the skin both in vivo and ex vivo. Furthermore, the 5% w/w ulvan gel also demonstrated notable efficacy in promoting wound healing, particularly in the later stages of the healing process. These results suggest that carrageenan and ulvan gels hold promise for improving the efficiency of wound healing in second-degree burn wounds. Our study contributes to the understanding of the therapeutic potential of marine polysaccharides and provides insights into their mechanism of action in promoting wound healing.</p> ]]></content:encoded> <dc:title>Healing Potential of the Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenan and Ulvan on Second-Degree Burns</dc:title> <dc:creator>Dimitra Statha</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Asimina Papaioannou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Stefanos Kikionis</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Maria Kostaki</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Ioannis Sfiniadakis</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Andreas Vitsos</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Jane Anastassopoulou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Efstathia Ioannou</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Vassilios Roussis</dc:creator> <dc:creator>Michail Christou Rallis</dc:creator> <dc:identifier>doi: 10.3390/jfb15090257</dc:identifier> <dc:source>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</dc:source> <dc:date>2024-09-05</dc:date> <prism:publicationName>Journal of Functional Biomaterials</prism:publicationName> <prism:publicationDate>2024-09-05</prism:publicationDate> <prism:volume>15</prism:volume> <prism:number>9</prism:number> <prism:section>Article</prism:section> <prism:startingPage>257</prism:startingPage> <prism:doi>10.3390/jfb15090257</prism:doi> <prism:url>https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/9/257</prism:url> <cc:license rdf:resource="CC BY 4.0"/> </item> <cc:License rdf:about="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"> <cc:permits rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/ns#Reproduction" /> <cc:permits rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/ns#Distribution" /> <cc:permits rdf:resource="https://creativecommons.org/ns#DerivativeWorks" /> </cc:License> </rdf:RDF>