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main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link current menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2434" >Christmas Trees</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Christmas Trees</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-909" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li 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}</style> </a></div><div class="featured-product-item-details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="808"></span> Guides and Publications</div> <h2 class="featured-product-item-name product-item-name"><a title="Penn State Organic Crop Production Guide" href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-organic-crop-production-guide">Penn State Organic Crop Production Guide</a></h2><div class="featured-product-item-description">Information on organic farming regulations, and production and marketing practices for feed and forage crop producers.</div><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-organic-crop-production-guide" class="product-item-link">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="VW0JA1A"><div data-content-type="divider" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><hr data-element="line" data-pb-style="TDRI2P4"></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="J3GIBW9"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-grid-title="Latest News" data-grid-link="/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/see-all-cover-crops?education_format=News" data-grid-link-text="See All News" data-appearance="linked-product-grid-small" data-element="main"> <div class="block widget block-products-list grid"> <div class="title-with-link"><h2>Latest News</h2><a href="/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/see-all-cover-crops?education_format=News" title="See All News">See All News</a></div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="small-products-grid grid"><ol class="product-items widget-product-grid"> <li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-agronomy-highlights-podcast-in-third-season" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-66472-67441c308b276"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/1/5195465ad6b127eb3275bdfcd4875677.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/1/5195465ad6b127eb3275bdfcd4875677.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/1/5195465ad6b127eb3275bdfcd4875677.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Agronomy Highlights can be found on all major podcast platforms."></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6647267441c308b276 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-6647267441c308b276 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6647267441c308b276 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Penn State Agronomy Highlights Podcast in Third Season" href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-agronomy-highlights-podcast-in-third-season" class="product-item-link">Penn State Agronomy Highlights Podcast in Third Season</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/drought-and-fire-danger-update-for-november-2024" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-66424-67441c308b847"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/d/4d50d2c53a3e1ad62d4db9f4843abd88.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/d/4d50d2c53a3e1ad62d4db9f4843abd88.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/d/4d50d2c53a3e1ad62d4db9f4843abd88.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Soybean field stunted by limited rainfall and beginning to senesce in early September. Credit: Leanna Duppstadt, Penn State Extension"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6642467441c308b847 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-6642467441c308b847 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6642467441c308b847 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Drought and Fire Danger Update for November 2024" href="https://extension.psu.edu/drought-and-fire-danger-update-for-november-2024" class="product-item-link">Drought and Fire Danger Update for November 2024</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/cover-crop-planting-season-has-started" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-64129-67441c308bdb9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c1e80927123d23dfb35ad52f5352342.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c1e80927123d23dfb35ad52f5352342.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c1e80927123d23dfb35ad52f5352342.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Cover crops are of prime importance to keep soil productive. Photo credit: Sjoerd W. Duiker."></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6412967441c308bdb9 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-6412967441c308bdb9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6412967441c308bdb9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Cover Crop Planting Season Has Started" href="https://extension.psu.edu/cover-crop-planting-season-has-started" class="product-item-link">Cover Crop Planting Season Has Started</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/weed-control-considerations-before-early-cover-crop-seedings" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-64126-67441c308c2b0"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/6/c6923afc5d84f86ef28c6820ad6ca58a_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/6/c6923afc5d84f86ef28c6820ad6ca58a_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/6/c6923afc5d84f86ef28c6820ad6ca58a_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Weed Control Considerations before Early Cover Crop Seedings"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6412667441c308c2b0 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-6412667441c308c2b0 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6412667441c308c2b0 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Weed Control Considerations before Early Cover Crop Seedings" href="https://extension.psu.edu/weed-control-considerations-before-early-cover-crop-seedings" class="product-item-link">Weed Control Considerations before Early Cover Crop Seedings</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/drone-seeding-cover-crops-into-standing-soybeans" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-63697-67441c308c79a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/0/10974aa02aeff81c0cb5b897863883b1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/0/10974aa02aeff81c0cb5b897863883b1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/0/10974aa02aeff81c0cb5b897863883b1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="A drone broadcasts cereal rye into standing soybeans in Adams County, PA. Photo credit: Heidi Reed, Penn State Extension"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6369767441c308c79a { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-6369767441c308c79a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6369767441c308c79a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Drone Seeding Cover Crops into Standing Soybeans" href="https://extension.psu.edu/drone-seeding-cover-crops-into-standing-soybeans" class="product-item-link">Drone Seeding Cover Crops into Standing Soybeans</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/cover-crops-abnormal-overwintering-and-burndown-decisions" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-59926-67441c308cc09"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4ad7d0a02446d69dffabcbd623b548c4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4ad7d0a02446d69dffabcbd623b548c4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4ad7d0a02446d69dffabcbd623b548c4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Species like purpletop turnip normally winter kill in Pennsylvania, but in some areas these species have survived the winter and now require alternative termination methods."></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5992667441c308cc09 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-5992667441c308cc09 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5992667441c308cc09 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Cover Crops – Abnormal Overwintering and Burndown Decisions" href="https://extension.psu.edu/cover-crops-abnormal-overwintering-and-burndown-decisions" class="product-item-link">Cover Crops – Abnormal Overwintering and Burndown Decisions</a></h5></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="VWB3LEN"><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=Q67REMX],#html-body [data-pb-style=QP4SLHA]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=QP4SLHA]{width:58.3333%;padding:20px 20px 0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=V84QD1R]{padding-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=MVMEH4S]{margin-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=M2PDHRG]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:41.6667%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}</style><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> .optin { border-top: #e98300 4px solid !important; background-color: #f6f8fc !important; margin: 20px 0px 20px 0px !imporant; } .l2Form { width: 90% !important; margin: 20px 20px 20px 20px; display: block; } #l2button { margin: 20px 20px -20px 20px !important; display: block; background-color: #329BE1 !important; padding: 8px 16px; color: #FFFFFF; border: none; } .signup .optin { clear: both; } .signup .optin h2 { display: none; } .optin img { display: none; } .signup .optin img { width: 100%; max-width: 500px !important; margin: 20px 0; display: block; } .optin .video-outer-wrapper { display: none; } .signup .optin .video-outer-wrapper { max-width: 100%; margin: 2em 0; display: block; } .signup .optin .video-inner-wrapper { position:relative; padding-bottom:56.25%; } .signup .optin .video-inner-wrapper iframe { position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%; border: none; } </style></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="optin" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="Q67REMX"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="QP4SLHA"><h2 data-content-type="heading" data-appearance="default" data-element="main">Stay connected with the Field and Forage Crops Team!</h2><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="V84QD1R"><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">Sign-up to receive news, upcoming event information, and their weekly newsletter.</span></p></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="MVMEH4S"><p>Extension field and forage crop experts provide educational resources including news, articles, videos, events, and demonstrations on topics that matter most. 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Curran, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This article explains the "why" and "how" of planting green with corn and soybeans, including practical management recommendations based on results from 3 years of research across 5 locations in Pennsylvania.</div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="V8LXJ4A"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-grid-title="Common Problems" data-slides-to-show="3" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main"> </div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="T3CSMSF"><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=AYUUEJC],#html-body [data-pb-style=UQD4TWC]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=AYUUEJC]{background-color:#f6f8fc;border-color:#72a4a1;border-width:4px;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=UQD4TWC]{width:83.3333%;padding:0 20px;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=VP1US9H]{padding-top:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=Y1N9WXM]{margin-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=LFTVTGT]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:16.6667%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=SNRKXP9]{padding:20px 20px 20px 0;border-style:none}#html-body [data-pb-style=CXIYDBE],#html-body [data-pb-style=F8NBYNW]{max-width:100%;height:auto}@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #html-body [data-pb-style=SNRKXP9]{border-style:none} }</style><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> .expert-border{border-top:#5c9b96 4px solid;} </style></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="expert-border" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="AYUUEJC"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="UQD4TWC"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="VP1US9H"><h3><span style="font-size: 36px; line-height: 36px;">Your Challenges, Our Expertise</span></h3></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p><span style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;">Connect with us for the latest research-based knowledge and hands-on know-how. Find experts who will work with you in person or online to answer questions, solve problems, and seize opportunities.</span></p></div><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="Y1N9WXM" data-decoded="true"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/experts" class="experts-link"><span>Meet The Experts</span></a></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="LFTVTGT"><figure class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" data-content-type="image" data-appearance="full-width" data-element="main" data-pb-style="SNRKXP9"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/Meet_the_Experts_bigstock-409918480.png" alt="" title="" data-element="desktop_image" data-pb-style="F8NBYNW"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-only" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/Meet_the_Experts_bigstock-409918480.png" alt="" title="" data-element="mobile_image" data-pb-style="CXIYDBE"></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="N5QIV8Q"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-grid-title="Resources and Programs" data-appearance="read-more-product-grid" data-element="main"> <div class="block widget block-products-list grid"> <div class="title-with-link"><h2>Resources and Programs</h2></div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="read-more-products-grid grid"><ol class="product-items widget-product-grid">  <li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl" class="product-item-link">Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>AASL provides a wide range of testing programs for soils, water, plants, biosolids, and other agricultural materials.</div></div><a href="https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl" class="product-item-link">Read More</a>  </li><li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Pennsylvania Women's Agricultural Network" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/wagn" class="product-item-link">Pennsylvania Women's Agricultural Network</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>PA-WAgN supports women in agriculture by providing positive learning environments, networking, and empowerment opportunities.</div></div><a href="https://agsci.psu.edu/wagn" class="product-item-link">Read More</a> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="B4UT7B2"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div></div></div></div> <div id="ajaxlogin-popup" data-bind="scope:'ajaxLogin'" style="display: none;"></div><input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="r4DllTAuC17PXzPk" /> <div id="authenticationPopup" data-bind="scope:'authenticationPopup', style: {display: 'none'}">  </div> <div class="category-description"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><p>A cover crop is a crop you grow for the benefit of the soil. They add organic matter to the soil and add nitrogen in a slow-release way. They can also be used as a mulch. Many types of plants can be used as cover crops – ryegrass, barley, wheat, and hairy vetch, to name just a few.</p> <p>Use Penn State Extension’s extensive range of resources to further build your knowledge and expand your cover crop expertise. Topics covered in this section include managing soil quality with cover crops, as well as pest and disease management.</p> <h2>What Are Cover Crops?</h2> <p>Cover crops are plants such as legumes, grasses, brassicas, and buckwheat that are primarily used to slow erosion and improve soil health. However, there are <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/there-is-still-time-to-plant-cover-crops">many reasons why cover crops are grown</a>. They also help control pests and diseases and smother weeds. Cover crops also help crop production by enhancing water availability.</p> <p>They are often grown outside of the normal growing season, which in Pennsylvania is the six-month period from October to April.</p> <p>Cover crops are grown to benefit the soil, rather than as a source of income; however, they can be harvested, which is a process called double-cropping. As such, it plays a vital role in farm <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management">business management</a> – not only does it protect the soil over winter, but it also provides additional forage for cattle and livestock.</p> <p>For more knowledge on cover crops, join <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/crops-days">Penn State Extension's Crops Days workshops</a> and get updates on the latest agronomic research, products, and technology. These workshops will also get you pesticide applicator recertification credits.</p> <h2>Cover Crops Benefits</h2> <p>Cover crops are being used by an increasing number of <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops">agronomic crop producers</a>. Eight US states, for example, more than <a href="https://www.nrdc.org/experts/lara-bryant/good-news-about-cover-crops-census-agriculture">doubled their cover crop acreage</a> from 2012 to 2017. Here are some of the main benefits of cover crops.</p> <h3>Soil Health and Cover Crops</h3> <p>Cover crops’ primary role in agronomy is to slow erosion, enhance water availability, and improve soil health. They also increase biodiversity and bring many more benefits. Cover crop legume species, such as crimson clover or winter peas, will fix or capture nitrogen from the air and add it to the soil.</p> <p>Producers have demonstrated success using cover crops to increase crop yields, improve <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management">soil fertility</a>, add organic matter to the soil, break through a plow pan, and improve crop diversity.</p> <p>There is also increasing evidence that cover crops are very beneficial in areas that experience erratic and increasingly intensive rainfall, as well as in areas that regularly experience drought conditions.</p> <h3>Weed and Pest Management With Cover Crops</h3> <p>Cover crops play an integral role in <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture">sustainable agronomic</a> crop production. Not only do they help to slow erosion, and improve soil health and fertility, but they can also help with pest and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management">weed management</a>. In <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/suppressing-weeds-using-cover-crops-in-pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, for example, aggressive cover crop species such as cereal rye and forage radish are being used. Because species such as these are so good at suppressing weeds, the need for herbicide application is often reduced.</p> <h3>How to Choose Cover Crops</h3> <p><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/where-does-my-cover-crop-come-from-part-1">Cover crop seed production</a> is extremely regional; however, their benefits can be enjoyed nationwide. Cover crops have a host of benefits, but there’s not one single species that does it all, and there are lots of <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties">species and varieties</a> to choose from. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/what-cover-crop-should-i-plant">Careful choice of cover crop</a> ultimately depends on individual agronomic producer’s goals.</p> <p>Producers who want to be able to reap multiple benefits turn to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/making-the-most-of-mixtures-considerations-for-winter-cover-crops">cover crop mixtures</a>. The success of a <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/how-to-design-a-cover-crop-mixture-for-multiple-goals">cover crop mixture</a> depends on each species providing the desired services in balance with other species in the mix. Practicing agronomy professionals such as <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-certified-crop-adviser-study-guide">certified crop advisers</a>, will be able to offer advice and suggestions on the best cover crops to use.</p></div></div> </div><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter level2" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init=' { "collapsible": { "openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } } }'><div class="block-title filter-title"><strong data-role="title">Select a category</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content content"><strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="subtitle block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="options filter-options collapsible-menu" id="narrow-by-list2"><div class="filter-options-item" data-role="collapsible" ><div data-role="title" class="filter-options-title gray-background">Categories</div><div 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} }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="806"></span> Online Courses</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Pennsylvania Certified Crop Adviser Study Guide" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-certified-crop-adviser-study-guide" class="product-item-link">Pennsylvania Certified Crop Adviser Study Guide</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">Study soil and water, and crop, pest, and nutrient management, the agronomy areas you are required to know for the Pennsylvania Certified Crop Adviser exam.</div></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/immobilization-and-mineralization-of-nitrogen-in-agricultural-soils" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-25479-67441c30de2a9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" 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This video explores two pieces of the cycle - immobilization and mineralization.</div></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div><div class="category-bottom-content"> </div><div class="before-page-footer"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3],#html-body [data-pb-style=D3ELT41]{background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll}#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3]{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#1e407c;min-height:536px;margin:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=D3ELT41]{align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=RCHY4CL]{display:flex;width:100%}#html-body [data-pb-style=GF82VQ0],#html-body [data-pb-style=O3VUDHB]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body 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