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<span>Toggle Footnotes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American utopian socialist, writer, and journalist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Albert Brisbane</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Brisbane_photograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Albert_Brisbane_photograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="233" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">August 22, 1809<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_New_York" title="Batavia, New York">Batavia, New York</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 1, 1890<span style="display:none">(1890-05-01)</span> (aged 80)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Batavia_Cemetery" title="Batavia Cemetery">Batavia Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facult%C3%A9_des_lettres_de_Paris" title="Faculté des lettres de Paris">Faculté des lettres de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Sarah White</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1853; died 1866)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Redelia Bates</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1877)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8, including <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brisbane" title="Arthur Brisbane">Arthur Brisbane</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hunt_Brisbane" title="Margaret Hunt Brisbane">Margaret Hunt Brisbane</a> (granddaughter-in-law)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#AE1719; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States"><span style="color: #FFF;">Socialism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Hill,_Illinois#History" title="Bishop Hill, Illinois">Bishop Hill Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brook_Farm" title="Brook Farm">Brook Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarians" title="Icarians">Icarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Harmony,_Indiana" title="New Harmony, Indiana">New Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_Community" title="Oneida Community">Oneida Community</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1877_St._Louis_general_strike" title="1877 St. Louis general strike">1877 St. Louis general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Lawrence_textile_strike" title="1912 Lawrence textile strike">1912 Lawrence textile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Rebellion" title="Green Corn Rebellion">Green Corn Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor unionization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Repression and persecution</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Society" title="American Defense Society">American Defense Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Protective_League" title="American Protective League">American Protective League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_African_Americans" title="Communist Party USA and African Americans">Communist Party USA and African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">labor movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_American_labor_movement_(1919%E2%80%931937)" title="Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1919–1937)">1919–1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_American_labor_movement_(1937%E2%80%931950)" title="Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1937–1950)">1937–1957</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Red_Scare" title="First Red Scare">First Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_General_Strike" title="Seattle General Strike">Seattle General Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act" title="Smith Act">Smith Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act_trials_of_Communist_Party_leaders" title="Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders">Smith Act trials</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">Anti-war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> movements</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Black power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COINTELPRO" title="COINTELPRO">COINTELPRO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">I Have a Dream</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a></li></ul> <p><b>Contemporary</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Abern" title="Martin Abern">Abern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwasi_Balagoon" title="Kuwasi Balagoon">Balagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy (Edward)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bellamy" title="Francis Bellamy">Bellamy (Francis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bruenig" title="Elizabeth Bruenig">Bruenig (Elizabeth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Bruenig" title="Matt Bruenig">Bruenig (Matt)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brooks_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Brooks (political commentator)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Cantor" title="Dan Cantor">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Clark" title="Peter H. Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cockburn" title="Alexander Cockburn">Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Davis (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Dean" title="Jodi Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Leon" title="Daniel De Leon">De Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Dennis" title="Eugene Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dreiser" title="Theodore Dreiser">Dreiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ehrenreich" title="Barbara Ehrenreich">Ehrenreich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Fearing" title="Kenneth Fearing">Fearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Feinberg" title="Leslie Feinberg">Feinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gurley_Flynn" title="Elizabeth Gurley Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Ford" title="James W. Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gitlow" title="Benjamin Gitlow">Gitlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Batchelder_Greene" title="William Batchelder Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett" title="Dashiell Hammett">Hammett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">Harburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Harrison" title="Hubert Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hay" title="Harry Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">Haywood (Bill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Haywood (Harry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Heywood" title="Angela Heywood">Heywood (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Heywood" title="Ezra Heywood">Heywood (Ezra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_(activist)" title="Joe Hill (activist)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Hillquit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hoan" title="Daniel Hoan">Hoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Labadie" title="Jo Labadie">Labadie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lovestone" title="Jay Lovestone">Lovestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Lum" title="Dyer Lum">Lum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Marcy" title="Sam Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">McReynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Morello" title="Tom Morello">Morello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Humphrey_Noyes" title="John Humphrey Noyes">Noyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Ochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Panken" title="Jacob Panken">Panken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parenti" title="Michael Parenti">Parenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Parsons" title="Albert Parsons">Parsons (Albert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons (Lucy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fox_Piven" title="Frances Fox Piven">Piven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_(journalist)" title="John Reed (journalist)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(transcendentalist)" title="George Ripley (transcendentalist)">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Robbins" title="Matilda Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_J._Robinson" title="Nathan J. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_de_la_Rocha" title="Zack de la Rocha">Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Roediger" title="David Roediger">Roediger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruthenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Ruthenberg">Ruthenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Sandburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshama_Sawant" title="Kshama Sawant">Sawant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Seale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Seidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Shachtman" title="Max Shachtman">Shachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata_Shakur" title="Assata Shakur">Shakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._F._Stone" title="I. F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaskar_Sunkara" title="Bhaskar Sunkara">Sunkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sweezy" title="Paul Sweezy">Sweezy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serj_Tankian" title="Serj Tankian">Tankian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Turner" title="Nina Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Meiksins_Wood" title="Ellen Meiksins Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Olin_Wright" title="Erik Olin Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zeidler" title="Frank Zeidler">Zeidler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Active organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Riders_Liberation_Party" title="Black Riders Liberation Party">Black Riders Liberation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Socialists_in_America" title="Black Socialists in America">Black Socialists in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Marijuana Now">Legal Marijuana Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Progressive_Party_(United_States)_state_affiliates" title="Category:National Progressive Party (United States) state affiliates">National Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Afrikan_Black_Panther_Party" title="New Afrikan Black Panther Party">New Afrikan Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dane" title="Progressive Dane">Progressive Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a 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title="Socialist Rifle Association">Socialist Rifle Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(United_States)" title="Solidarity (United States)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_(U.S._organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spark (U.S. organization)">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacist_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartacist League (US)">Spartacist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Party" title="Working Class Party">Working Class Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist Party of the United States">World Socialist Party of the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Inactive or defunct organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Labor_Party" title="American Labor Party">American Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Union_of_Associationists" title="American Union of Associationists">American Union of Associationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Workers_Party" title="American Workers Party">American Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens 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Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Movement" title="Revolutionary Youth Movement">Revolutionary Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_America" title="Social Democracy of America">Social Democracy of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation_(United_States)" title="Social Democratic Federation (United States)">Social Democratic Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground" title="Weather 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title="Current Affairs (magazine)">Current Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Worker" title="Daily Worker">Daily Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissent_(American_magazine)" title="Dissent (American magazine)">Dissent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Review_(1900)" title="International Socialist Review (1900)">International Socialist Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle" title="The Jungle">The Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_Capital" title="Monopoly Capital">Monopoly Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Review" title="Monthly Review">Monthly Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_America" title="The Other America">The Other America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_People%27s_History_of_the_United_States" title="A People's History of the United States">A People's History of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlers:_The_Mythology_of_the_White_Proletariat" title="Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat">Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Socialism" title="Voluntary Socialism">Voluntary Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Socialism%3F" title="Why Socialism?">Why Socialism?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNetwork" title="ZNetwork">ZNetwork</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">in the US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Anarcho-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_socialism" title="Bill of Rights socialism">Bill of Rights socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">in the US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_labor_law" title="United States labor 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class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_US" title="Template:Socialism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_US" title="Template talk:Socialism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Albert Brisbane</b> (August 22, 1809 – May 1, 1890)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">utopian socialist</a> and is remembered as the chief popularizer of the theories of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brisbane was the author of several books, notably <i>Social Destiny of Man</i> (1840), as well as the Fourierist periodical <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phalanx" title="The Phalanx">The Phalanx</a></i>. He also founded the Fourierist Society in New York in 1839 and backed several other phalanx communes in the 1840s and 1850s. His son, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brisbane" title="Arthur Brisbane">Arthur Brisbane</a>, became one of the best known American newspaper editors of the 20th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Brisbane_self-portrait,_age_eighteen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Brisbane_self-portrait%2C_age_eighteen.png/220px-Albert_Brisbane_self-portrait%2C_age_eighteen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Brisbane_self-portrait%2C_age_eighteen.png/330px-Albert_Brisbane_self-portrait%2C_age_eighteen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Brisbane_self-portrait%2C_age_eighteen.png/440px-Albert_Brisbane_self-portrait%2C_age_eighteen.png 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>Albert Brisbane self-portrait, age eighteen</figcaption></figure> <p>Albert Brisbane was born on August 22, 1809, in <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_New_York" title="Batavia, New York">Batavia, New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191079_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191079-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of Mary Stevens (died 1889) and James Brisbane (1776–1851),<sup id="cite_ref-TSHA_1994_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TSHA_1994-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a wealthy landowner.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTWomanofFuture_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTWomanofFuture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1798, James Brisbane, along with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellicott_(surveyor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Ellicott (surveyor)">Joseph Ellicott</a> (1760–1826) and three others, had traveled to <a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a> to survey the 4,000,000 acres (1,600,000 ha) that had been purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Holland_Land_Company" title="Holland Land Company">Holland Land Company</a> from <a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a> (1734–1806), one of the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania">Senators</a> from Pennsylvania. They opened an office in Batavia to sell the land in parcels and establish settlements, which included the city that became <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTWomanofFuture_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTWomanofFuture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brisbane's mother, Mary, was of <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> descent and his father James, a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scot</a>, had abandoned the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Scottish Presbyterian Church</a> in protest over its regimented rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189350_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189350-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brisbane developed an affection for knowledge at an early age and as an inquisitive youth he learned various mechanical skills in the small carpentry, blacksmith, and saddle shops of Batavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189354_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189354-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unsatisfied with the quality of education in Batavia and with visions of an illustrious future for his son, Brisbane's father sent him to a boarding school in Long Island, New York at the age of fifteen.<sup id="cite_ref-LehighVault_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LehighVault-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He briefly stayed at the school before moving to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and studying with tutors, including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Manesca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Manesca (page does not exist)">Jean Manesca</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q108641807#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q108641807"><span title=""Jean Manesca" in other languages">Wikidata</span></a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189356_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189356-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His New York schooling would ultimately be followed by six years of education abroad,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane18935_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane18935-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Brisbane studying <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> in Paris and Berlin. He made the acquaintance of a number of prominent European intellectuals and political figures during the course of his studies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191079_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191079-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interest_in_socialism">Interest in socialism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Interest in socialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Berlin, Brisbane became interested in the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, becoming an advocate of the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Henri_de_Rouvroy,_comte_de_Saint-Simon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon">Henri de Saint-Simon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brisbane was very active with the promotion of Saint-Simon's ideas for a time, but became disaffected when the movement split between the followers of <a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Prosper_Enfantin" class="mw-redirect" title="Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin">Barthélemy Enfantin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amand_Bazard" title="Amand Bazard">Amand Bazard</a> and dropped out of the Saint-Simondian movement altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brisbane would later dismiss Saint-Simon's doctrines as "artificial and in some respects false."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918497_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918497-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Fourier_(by_Hans_F._Helmolt).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Charles_Fourier_%28by_Hans_F._Helmolt%29.jpg/150px-Charles_Fourier_%28by_Hans_F._Helmolt%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Charles_Fourier_%28by_Hans_F._Helmolt%29.jpg/225px-Charles_Fourier_%28by_Hans_F._Helmolt%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Charles_Fourier_%28by_Hans_F._Helmolt%29.jpg/300px-Charles_Fourier_%28by_Hans_F._Helmolt%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Brisbane was a disciple of the French <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialist</a> Charles Fourier (1772-1837).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion_to_Fourierism">Conversion to Fourierism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conversion to Fourierism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Searching for new ideas, Brisbane read a newly published short work by the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a> (1772–1837) entitled <i>Treatise on Domestic and Agricultural Association</i> and was immediately converted to the writer's ideas. Fourier, a French philosopher and writer, spent the greater part of his life attempting to uncover universal laws which he believed governed society so that productive enterprise could be reorganized on a rational basis, production expanded, and human needs more readily fulfilled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918496–497_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918496–497-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fourier believed in a fundamental harmony of the universe and a preordained series of periods through which societies needed to necessarily travel from their primitive to their advanced state, and he considered himself a scientific discoverer akin to <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918496_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918496-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1832 Brisbane left for Paris, where he would stay two years studying Fourier's system, including obtaining direct tutelage from the 60-year-old theorist himself<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made the acquaintance of other devotees of Fourier's ideas during this initial phase of the Fourierist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would return to the United States a committed believer and proselytizer of Fourier's idea of association and began work on a book to expound the ideas of his late master.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brisbane's first and most famous book, <i>Social Destiny of Man,</i> would see print in 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brisbane's_ideas"><span id="Brisbane.27s_ideas"></span>Brisbane's ideas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brisbane's ideas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brisbane accepted Fourier's ideas as a matter of faith, believing that the "social destiny of man" was an immutable force of nature; once the laws of this development were identified and publicized, he believed, the regeneration and transformation of the world would be rapid and effective.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the heels of his first successful book, in 1843 Brisbane published another adaptation of Fourier to American conditions, a book entitled <i>Association: Or, A Concise Exposition of the Practical Part of Fourier's Social Science.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brisbane argued that the remedy to society's ills lay in the adoption of more efficient forms of production, based upon the principle of harmony of the owners of capital and those employed by them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498–49_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498–49-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not envision the elimination of the role of the capitalist, but rather the regulation of distribution of the product of labor between capitalist and worker on a more equitable basis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paramount to increasing production, Brisbane believed, was a reorganization of society into various subdivisions called "groups," "series," and "sacred legions," based upon the natural affinities of their participants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reorganization would boost production by building enthusiasm for labor, gathering individuals of like proclivities for common tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Fourier, Brisbane also sought the revolutionization of the family unit, proclaiming the individual home to be possessed of "monotony," "anti-social spirit," and the "absence of emulation," through which, he felt, it "debilitates the energies of the soul, and produces apathy and intellectual death."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In opposition to this "selfishness," Brisbane opposed the communal ideal of association, living in collective dwellings and sharing the common table.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918500_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918500-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brisbane cast the adoption of Fourier's system in millennial terms, asserting that </p> <blockquote><p> "Association will establish Christianity practically upon Earth. It will make the love of God and the love of the neighbor the greatest desire, and the practice of all men. Temptation to wrong will be taken from the paths of men, and a thousand perverting and degrading circumstances and influences will be purged from the social world."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brisbane_at_zenith">Brisbane at zenith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brisbane at zenith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlbertBrisbane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/AlbertBrisbane.jpg/220px-AlbertBrisbane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/AlbertBrisbane.jpg/330px-AlbertBrisbane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/AlbertBrisbane.jpg/440px-AlbertBrisbane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="834" /></a><figcaption>Albert Brisbane in 1840</figcaption></figure> <p>Brisbane's 1840 book was well-received and it enjoyed immediate success, gaining a broad readership among those concerned with the problems of society and helping to launch the Fourierist movement in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191081_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191081-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among those who read Brisbane's book and was thereby converted to the ideas of socialism was a young New York newspaper publisher, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a>, later elected to the <a href="/wiki/US_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="US House of Representatives">US House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191081_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191081-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greeley would provide valuable service to the Fourierist movement by advancing its ideas in the pages of his newspaper of that day, <i>The New Yorker,</i> throughout 1840 and 1841, and offering Brisbane a column in his successor publication, the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Tribune">New York Tribune</a>,</i> from the time of its establishment in March 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918501_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918501-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A groundswell of enthusiasm resulted from coverage of the ideas of Association in the <i>New York Tribune,</i> and from 1843 to 1845 more than 30 Fourierian "Phalanxes" were established in a number of northern and midwestern states. In 1844, <a href="/wiki/Brook_Farm" title="Brook Farm">Brook Farm</a>, already an established <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalist</a> agrarian community in Massachusetts, formally declared itself a Fourierist community based on Brisbane's teachings. </p><p>A national movement of "Associationists' began to take form in 1843 and 1844, with a founding convention of the General Association for the Friends of Association in the United States held in New York City from April 4–6, 1844, attended by delegates from as far away as Maine and Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991232_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991232-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convention made a point of renouncing the fanciful, conjectural aspects of Fourier's writings, instead endorsing the concrete plan of association derived from his writings, in addition to its underlying philosophical framework.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991232_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991232-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work was done to create a formal "Union of Associations" to help coordinate the efforts of the myriad of small phalanxes coming into existence, and a meeting of such a group was planned for the following October.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this critical juncture in the emergence of a practical movement, with 10 phalanxes already in existence and others at the planning stage, Albert Brisbane, the uncontested leader of Fourierism in America, made the fateful decision to depart for France to study Fourier's manuscripts there and to speak with French Associationists about their experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 8-month trip effectively removed the commanding general of the Fourierist army from the campaign at its most critical juncture and is characterized by Carl J. Guarneri, a leading historian of the movement, as a reflection of Brisbane's "lifelong inability to cope with power and responsibility."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With no energetic leader to replace Brisbane, the movement's momentum quickly dissipated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991234_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991234-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_European_period">Second European period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second European period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1877, after his new marriage to Redelia Bates, they relocated to Europe with his children with a view towards the education of the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189322_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189322-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family traveled the continent for two years before taking up resident in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189326_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189326-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His health in decline and suffering from <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, Brisbane pursued personal intellectual pursuits and tried his hand as an inventor, concentrating in particular on an effort to create an oven which cooked in a vacuum, thereby allowing the baking of bread and pastry without the use of yeast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189337–38_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189337–38-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1889, the family returned to New York state, ostensibly so that Brisbane could build a <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> of the vacuum oven which he had been attempting to perfect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189338_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189338-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1833, Albert returned from Europe with Adele LeBrun,<sup id="cite_ref-Cloudontitle_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cloudontitle-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was alleged to be a <a href="/wiki/Countess" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess">countess</a>. LeBrun was Catholic, which reportedly bothered his parents,<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and five years later, she moved back to Italy with their two young children, who historians conclude were probably Albert's; however, no record of marriage between the two has been located.<sup id="cite_ref-Cloudontitle_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cloudontitle-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of these children was Charles Fourier Brisbane (1834-1867) whom Albert brought back to the US from Europe in 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane200521–22_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane200521–22-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1847, Albert began a relationship with Lodoiska Durand (née Manesca), the daughter of Jean Manesca<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had divorced her previous husband in 1844,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was later ruled a common-law wife with whom he had three children:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a boy who died as an infant (1848-1849), Flora Manesca Brisbane (1857-1884)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rosalia Brisbane, b. 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in life, Lodoiska, who never ceased to regard herself as Albert Brisbane's widow, referred to her five deceased children,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which she might have included Nina Durand b. 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Albert's son Charles, his children Howard Pascal Brisbane (1859-1922) and Adele Brisbane (b. 1861) lived with their grandfather Albert Brisbane and Lodoiska.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1853, Albert married Sarah White and they had five children:<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Alice Brisbane (1859–1953), who married Charles R. Thursby, a writer,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was painted by <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a> in 1898<sup id="cite_ref-Delphi_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delphi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hugo Brisbane (1862–1871)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Albert Brisbane<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brisbane" title="Arthur Brisbane">Arthur Brisbane</a> (1863–1936), who married Phoebe Cary (1890–1967), a daughter of polo-player <a href="/wiki/Seward_Cary" title="Seward Cary">Seward Cary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fowell Brisbane (1866–1911)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 1877, eleven years after Sarah's death, Brisbane married the 30 years younger Redelia Bates (1842–1943),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had been involved with the <a href="/wiki/National_Woman_Suffrage_Association" title="National Woman Suffrage Association">National Woman Suffrage Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ceniza_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ceniza-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accusations_of_bigamy">Accusations of bigamy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Accusations of bigamy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States Census of 1850 indicates that Albert was living in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County, New Jersey</a> with Lodoiska. However, the Census of 1860 reports Albert living in <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County, New York</a> with Sarah. In the next Census of 1870, Albert was living in <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Jersey" title="Union County, New Jersey">Union County, New Jersey</a>, again with Lodoiska. Historians conclude that because of overlapping births of children in the two relationships and the corresponding census records, Albert was simultaneously maintaining two separate households with each woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his 1877 marriage to Bates, Albert's brother, George, was so outraged that he wrote an angry letter, which later became public, accusing the couple of bigamy because Lodoiska was still alive and had never obtained a divorce dissolving their common-law marriage. In return, Redelia filed a <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> suit against George, requesting $50,000 in damages. At the same time, Lodoiska filed her own lawsuit requesting a divorce and alimony payments from Albert, of which she eventually prevailed,<sup id="cite_ref-Barnes_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> receiving $25 a week.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brisbane_Albert_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Brisbane_Albert_2.jpg/220px-Brisbane_Albert_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Brisbane_Albert_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>Brisbane towards the end of his life</figcaption></figure> <p>After his return to the United States in 1889, Brisbane soon became ill and was forced to seek a change of climate to improve his health, traveling to <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, before heading south to <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, that winter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189339_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189339-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with Bates, Brisbane again moved north to <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a> early in the spring of the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189339_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189339-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Good health did not return, however, and late in April Brisbane became bedridden and began to await his inevitable death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189342–43_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189342–43-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albert Brisbane died in Richmond early in the morning on May 1, 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189343_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189343-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body was transported home to Western New York and where he was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Batavia_Cemetery" title="Batavia Cemetery">Batavia Cemetery</a> in Batavia, alongside his parents and previous wife Sarah.<sup id="cite_ref-Batavia_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batavia-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descendants">Descendants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brisbane's son, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Brisbane" title="Arthur Brisbane">Arthur Brisbane</a>, became one of the best-known American newspaper editors of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The papers of father and son are held together as Brisbane Family Papers collection by the Special Collections Research Center of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University" title="Syracuse University">Syracuse University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Albert Brisbane material is housed in one archival box and includes biographical material, correspondence, microfilm of his diaries from the 1830s, and a 56-page autobiography dated London, 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-Papers_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Papers-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Albert's great-grandson, Arthur S. Brisbane, was appointed Public Editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> in June 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fourierist_Associations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Fourierist Associations in the United States">List of Fourierist Associations in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Union_of_Associationists" title="American Union of Associationists">American Union of Associationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Prosper_Considerant" title="Victor Prosper Considerant">Victor Prosper Considerant</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialdestinyma00brisgoog"><i>Social Destiny of Man, Or, Association and Reorganization of Industry.</i></a> Philadelphia, PA: C.F. Stollmeyer, 1840.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Association_201408"><i>Association: Or, A Concise Exposition of the Practical Part of Fourier's Social Science.</i></a> New York, NY: Greeley & McElrath (and others), 1843.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aconciseexposit00brisgoog"><i>A Concise Exposition of the Doctrine of Association: Or, Plan for a Re-organization of Society.</i></a> New York, NY: J.S. Redfield, 1844.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheoryOfFunctionsOfHumanPassions"><i>Theory of the Functions of the Human Passions Followed by an Outline View of the Fundamental Principles of Fourier's Theory of Social Science.</i></a> New York, NY: Miller, Orton, & Mulligan, 1856.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/gdc/scd0001/2001/20011120001ph/20011120001ph.pdf">"Philosophy of Money: A New Currency and a New Credit System,"</a> article in symposium of unknown origin. 1863.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GeneralIntroductionToSocialSciences"><i>General Introduction to Social Science: Part First: Introduction to Fourier's Theory of Social Organization.</i></a> New York, NY: C.P. Somerby, 1876.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j4KsBwAAQBAJ&dq=Albert+Brisbane+august+1809+1890&pg=PA109"><i>American Countercultures</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrancis2007" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Richard (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GTEcfLyKqZwC&q=Fran%C3%A7ois+Marie+Charles+Fourier%27s+first+book+was+published+in+1808&pg=PA75"><i>Transcendental Utopias: Individual and Community at Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden</i></a>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801473807" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801473807"><bdi>978-0801473807</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transcendental+Utopias%3A+Individual+and+Community+at+Brook+Farm%2C+Fruitlands%2C+and+Walden&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0801473807&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGTEcfLyKqZwC%26q%3DFran%25C3%25A7ois%2BMarie%2BCharles%2BFourier%2527s%2Bfirst%2Bbook%2Bwas%2Bpublished%2Bin%2B1808%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191079-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191079_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191079_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHillquit1910">Hillquit 1910</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TSHA_1994-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TSHA_1994_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthrie1994" class="citation web cs1">Guthrie, Christopher E. (November 1, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/brisbane-albert">"Brisbane, Albert (1809–1890)"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas</i>. Austin, TX: Texas State Historical Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+Texas&rft.atitle=Brisbane%2C+Albert+%281809%E2%80%931890%29&rft.date=1994-11-01&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=Christopher+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Fbrisbane-albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTWomanofFuture-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTWomanofFuture_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTWomanofFuture_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1883/05/13/102820064.html?pageNumber=7">"THE WOMAN OF THE FUTURE. MR. ALBERT BRISBANE'S VIEWS ON MARRIAGE AND SOCIAL REFORM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. May 13, 1883<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+WOMAN+OF+THE+FUTURE.+MR.+ALBERT+BRISBANE%27S+VIEWS+ON+MARRIAGE+AND+SOCIAL+REFORM.&rft.date=1883-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1883%2F05%2F13%2F102820064.html%3FpageNumber%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189350-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189350_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189354-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189354_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LehighVault-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LehighVault_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaffs.web.lehigh.edu/node/54202">"Brisbane, Albert (1809-1890) | The Vault at Pfaff's"</a>. <i>pfaffs.web.lehigh.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pfaffs.web.lehigh.edu&rft.atitle=Brisbane%2C+Albert+%281809-1890%29+%7C+The+Vault+at+Pfaff%27s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpfaffs.web.lehigh.edu%2Fnode%2F54202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189356-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189356_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane18935-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane18935_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191080_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHillquit1910">Hillquit 1910</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918497-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918497_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoagland1918">Hoagland 1918</a>, p. 497.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918496–497-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918496–497_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoagland1918">Hoagland 1918</a>, pp. 496–497.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918496-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918496_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoagland1918">Hoagland 1918</a>, p. 496.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoagland1918">Hoagland 1918</a>, p. 498.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498–49-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918498–49_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoagland1918">Hoagland 1918</a>, pp. 498–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918499_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoagland1918">Hoagland 1918</a>, p. 499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918500-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918500_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoagland1918">Hoagland 1918</a>, p. 500.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Brisbane, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aconciseexposit00brisgoog"><i>A Concise Exposition of the Doctrine of Association: Or, Plan for a Re-organization of Society.</i></a> New York, NY: J.S. Redfield, 1844; pg. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillquit191081-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191081_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillquit191081_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHillquit1910">Hillquit 1910</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918501-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoagland1918501_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoagland1918">Hoagland 1918</a>, p. 501.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991232-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991232_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991232_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuarneri1991">Guarneri 1991</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991233_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuarneri1991">Guarneri 1991</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991234-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991234_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuarneri1991">Guarneri 1991</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189322-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189322_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189326-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189326_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189337–38-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189337–38_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189338-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189338_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cloudontitle-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cloudontitle_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cloudontitle_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1885/04/08/102967781.html?pageNumber=8">"A CLOUD ON A TITLE | HOW ALBERT BRISBANE'S MARITAL RELATIONS WERE BROUGHT INTO COURT"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 8, 1885<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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City of Batavia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=THE+BRISBANES+OF+BATAVIA+%7C+A+TALE+THAT+INCLUDES+AN+UTOPIAN+DREAMER%2C+GREED%2C+BIGAMY%2C+GREAT+WEALTH%2C+A+LIBEL+SUIT%2C+AND+DECADES+OF+INTRAFAMILY+LITIGATION+OVER+PROPERTY&rft.date=2008-07-18&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Larry+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane200521–22-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane200521–22_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane2005">Brisbane 2005</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuarneri1991426_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGuarneri1991">Guarneri 1991</a>, p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5d4xAQAAMAAJ&q=Lodoiska+Durand&pg=PA67"><i>Acts of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey</i></a>. Secretary of State. October 24, 1844. p. 67<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acts+of+the+Legislature+of+the+State+of+New+Jersey&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Secretary+of+State&rft.date=1844-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5d4xAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DLodoiska%2BDurand%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1870 United States Federal Census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York\u002C State Census\u002C 1855</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1900 United States Federal Census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York\u002C State Census\u002C 1855, 1850 United States Federal Census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1870 Federal Census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogofthecourtier.com/tag/mrs-charles-thursby/">Blog of the Courtier</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delphi-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Delphi_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AKicCgAAQBAJ&q=Mrs+Alice+Brisbane+Thursby&pg=PT493"><i>Delphi Complete Works of John Singer Sargent (Illustrated)</i></a>. Delphi Classics. September 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delphi+Complete+Works+of+John+Singer+Sargent+%28Illustrated%29&rft.pub=Delphi+Classics&rft.date=2015-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAKicCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DMrs%2BAlice%2BBrisbane%2BThursby%26pg%3DPT493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane2005[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane2005">Brisbane 2005</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wwb65MuajnQC&pg=PA108"><i>The Papers of Will Rogers</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ceniza-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ceniza_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeniza1992" class="citation journal cs1">Ceniza, Sherry (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13008%2F2153-3695.1326">"Women's Letters to Walt Whitman: Some Corrections"</a>. <i>Walt Whitman Quarterly Review</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 145–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13008%2F2153-3695.1326">10.13008/2153-3695.1326</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Walt+Whitman+Quarterly+Review&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Letters+to+Walt+Whitman%3A+Some+Corrections&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=145-147&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13008%2F2153-3695.1326&rft.aulast=Ceniza&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.13008%252F2153-3695.1326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pettit, R. "Albert Brisbane, Apostle of Fourierism in the United States 1834-1890" Ph.D. Thesis, Oxford Ohio (1982)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189339-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189339_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189339_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189342–43-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189342–43_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, pp. 42–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189343-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrisbane189343_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrisbane1893">Brisbane 1893</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Batavia-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Batavia_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert T. Englert, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=7836">"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Batavia Cemetery,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120807045347/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=7836">Archived</a> 2012-08-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Office_of_Parks,_Recreation_and_Historic_Preservation" title="New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation">New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation</a>, August 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE.J.S.1917" class="citation book cs1">E.J.S. (April 14, 1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aolCAQAAIAAJ&q=Albert+Brisbane+sarah+white&pg=RA12-PA9"><i>Arthur Brisbane</i></a>. Editor & Publisher Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthur+Brisbane&rft.pub=Editor+%26+Publisher+Company&rft.date=1917-04-14&rft.au=E.J.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaolCAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DAlbert%2BBrisbane%2Bsarah%2Bwhite%26pg%3DRA12-PA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Papers-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Papers_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">KM, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.syr.edu/digital/guides/b/brisbane_family.htm">"Brisbane Family Papers: An Inventory of its Papers at Syracuse University,"</a> Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University Libraries, Nov. 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/22/business/media/22times.html">"Times Chooses a Public Editor, Giving Him a 3-Year Term."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> June 22, 2010 p. B6.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisbane2005" class="citation book cs1">Brisbane, Albert (2005). Mellen, Abigail; Stallsmith, Allaire Brisbane (eds.). <i>the European Travel Diaries of Albert Brisbane, 1830-1832: Discovering Fourierism for America</i>. Lewiston, NY: Mellen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773460706" title="Special:BookSources/9780773460706"><bdi>9780773460706</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60590148">60590148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=the+European+Travel+Diaries+of+Albert+Brisbane%2C+1830-1832%3A+Discovering+Fourierism+for+America&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+NY&rft.pub=Mellen&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60590148&rft.isbn=9780773460706&rft.aulast=Brisbane&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisbane1893" class="citation book cs1">Brisbane, Redelia (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/albertbrisbanea01brisgoog"><i>Albert Brisbane: A Mental Biography with a Character Study by his Wife</i></a>. Boston, MA, US: Arena Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/558039428">558039428</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albert+Brisbane%3A+A+Mental+Biography+with+a+Character+Study+by+his+Wife&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA%2C+US&rft.pub=Arena+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F558039428&rft.aulast=Brisbane&rft.aufirst=Redelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falbertbrisbanea01brisgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuarneri1991" class="citation book cs1">Guarneri, Carl J. (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/utopianalternati00carl"><i>The Utopian Alternative: Fourierism in Nineteenth-century America</i></a></span>. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501725289" title="Special:BookSources/9781501725289"><bdi>9781501725289</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/645707565">645707565</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Utopian+Alternative%3A+Fourierism+in+Nineteenth-century+America&rft.place=Ithaca+and+London&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F645707565&rft.isbn=9781501725289&rft.aulast=Guarneri&rft.aufirst=Carl+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Futopianalternati00carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillquit1910" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Hillquit, Morris</a> (1910) [1900]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofsociali00hilluoft/page/70/mode/2up?q=brisbane">"Chapter III: The Fourierist Period"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofsociali00hilluoft"><i>History of socialism in the United States</i></a> (5th ed.). New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 70–91. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/697792708">697792708</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+III%3A+The+Fourierist+Period&rft.btitle=History+of+socialism+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=70-91&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1910&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F697792708&rft.aulast=Hillquit&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofsociali00hilluoft%2Fpage%2F70%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dbrisbane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoagland1918" class="citation book cs1">Hoagland, Henry E. (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sGsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA493">"Part IV Humanitarianism (1840 1860), Chapter II Association and Co-operation"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_R._Commons" title="John R. Commons">Commons, John R.</a>; et al. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sGsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PAPR3"><i>History of Labour in the United States</i></a>. Vol. v. 1. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. 493–521. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/761856568">761856568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+IV+Humanitarianism+%281840+1860%29%2C+Chapter+II+Association+and+Co-operation&rft.btitle=History+of+Labour+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=493-521&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F761856568&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=Henry+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsGsOAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Brisbane&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Albert_Brisbane" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Albert Brisbane">Albert Brisbane</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Madison, Charles Allan (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015026638950?urlappend=%3Bseq=130%3Bownerid=13510798883920697-134">"Albert Brisbane: Social Dreamer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015026638950"><i>Critics & Crusaders: A Century of American Protest</i></a>. H. Holt and Co. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015026638950?urlappend=%3Bseq=130">2027/mdp.39015026638950</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/557829102">557829102</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1148605948">1148605948</a> – via HathiTrust.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Albert+Brisbane%3A+Social+Dreamer&rft.btitle=Critics+%26+Crusaders%3A+A+Century+of+American+Protest&rft.pub=H.+Holt+and+Co.&rft.date=1947&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015026638950%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D130&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=Charles+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015026638950%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D130%253Bownerid%3D13510798883920697-134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Originally published as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Madison, Charles A. (1943). "Albert Brisbane: Social Dreamer". <i>The American Scholar</i>. <b>12</b> (3). The Phi Beta Kappa Society: 284–296. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0937">0003-0937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41204597">41204597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Scholar&rft.atitle=Albert+Brisbane%3A+Social+Dreamer&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=284-296&rft.date=1943&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41204597%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0003-0937&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=Charles+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation thesis cs1">Olson, Robert Carl (1964). <i>Brisbane on Fourierism in America</i> (MA). Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/233123908">233123908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Brisbane+on+Fourierism+in+America&rft.inst=University+of+Iowa&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F233123908&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Robert+Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation thesis cs1">Pettitt, Richard Norman (1982). <i>Albert Brisbane: Apostle of Fourierism in the United States, 1834-1890</i> (PhD). Oxford, OH: Miami University. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224267507">224267507</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224267507">224267507</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Albert+Brisbane%3A+Apostle+of+Fourierism+in+the+United+States%2C+1834-1890&rft.inst=Miami+University&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Pettitt&rft.aufirst=Richard+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation thesis cs1">Rohler, Lloyd Earl (1977). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/302824538"><i>The Utopian persuasion of Albert Brisbane, First Apostle of Fourierism</i></a></span> (PhD). Bloomington, IN, US: Indiana University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34674352">34674352</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/302824538">302824538</a> – via ProQuest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Utopian+persuasion+of+Albert+Brisbane%2C+First+Apostle+of+Fourierism&rft.inst=Indiana+University&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34674352&rft.aulast=Rohler&rft.aufirst=Lloyd+Earl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F302824538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlbert+Brisbane" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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