CINXE.COM

Research | MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js theme--orange"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tlecms.mit.edu/research" /> <meta name="description" content="Research flourishes in our 30 departments across five schools and one college, as well as in dozens of centers, labs, and programs that convene experts across disciplines to explore new intellectual frontiers and solve important societal problems." /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>Research | MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology</title> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/mit/assets/favicon/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/mit/assets/favicon/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/mit/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/themes/mit/assets/favicon/manifest.webmanifest"> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/mit/assets/css/main.css?s4h9fq" /> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/mit/assets/css/ie-7-8.css?s4h9fq" /> <![endif]--> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-113637181-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-1592615-11', { 'custom_map': {'dimension1': 'Search Term'}, 'anonymize_ip': true }); gtag('config', 'UA-1592615-30 ', { 'custom_map': {'dimension1': 'Search Term'}, 'anonymize_ip': true }); </script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M8MGV4P');</script> </head> <body class="theme--mit-brand--default tle research"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M8MGV4P" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <a href="#main" class="skip-to-content">Skip to content ↓</a> <div id="notification"><notification v-if="isHomepage"></notification></div> <nav class="site-nav js-site-nav"> <div class="site-nav__width"> <a class="site-nav__logo-link" href="/"> <svg class="mit-logo" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="867.217" height="200" viewBox="0 0 867.217 200"> <path class="logo-color--primary" d="M570.185,160l7.348,26.119c.873,3.347,1.746,6.693,2.328,9.458.364,1.6.655,3.128.946,4.584h.146c.291-1.455.582-2.983.946-4.584.582-2.765,1.31-6.111,2.255-9.458L591.5,160h15.06v52.019H596.74V182.19c0-2.11,0-4.729.218-6.984.073-1.237.146-2.546.218-3.783h-.146c-.218,1.237-.509,2.4-.728,3.565-.509,2.037-1.018,4.365-1.528,6.33l-8.949,30.7H575.715l-8.73-30.7c-.582-1.964-1.019-4.292-1.528-6.33-.218-1.164-.509-2.328-.728-3.565h-.145c.073,1.237.145,2.546.218,3.783.073,2.255.218,4.874.218,6.984v29.829h-9.676V160Zm65.478,47.872h-.146a9.933,9.933,0,0,1-3.783,3.565,15.7,15.7,0,0,1-7.2,1.455c-7.712,0-13.023-3.929-13.023-11.422,0-4.074,1.6-6.839,4.365-8.658s6.4-2.765,10.622-3.347c6.257-.873,9.022-1.382,9.022-4.22,0-2.765-2.037-4.438-6.257-4.438-4.656,0-6.912,1.6-7.2,5.238h-8.8a11.392,11.392,0,0,1,4.074-8.585c2.619-2.255,6.548-3.71,12-3.71,11.2,0,15.715,4.947,15.715,13.751V206.49c0,2.837.437,4.511,1.31,5.166v.364h-9.531A10.485,10.485,0,0,1,635.664,207.872Zm-2.183-4.147a6.552,6.552,0,0,0,2.255-4.874v-5.6c-1.746,1.091-4.365,1.6-6.912,2.183-5.238,1.164-7.712,2.328-7.712,5.82s2.328,4.729,5.82,4.729A9.485,9.485,0,0,0,633.481,203.725Zm15.059-3.783h9.167c.655,4.365,3.638,6.184,8.148,6.184,4.365,0,6.839-1.673,6.839-4.292,0-1.746-1.237-2.765-2.983-3.419a54.2,54.2,0,0,0-6.839-1.528c-3.419-.655-6.62-1.382-9.094-3.056-2.546-1.673-4.147-4.147-4.147-8.221a10.41,10.41,0,0,1,4.438-9.021c2.765-1.964,6.475-2.91,10.768-2.91,9.967,0,15.206,4.729,16.006,12.368h-8.949c-.509-4.074-2.91-5.457-7.2-5.457-3.929,0-6.4,1.382-6.4,4.147,0,1.673,1.237,2.474,3.2,3.056,1.892.655,4.438.946,7.057,1.528,3.128.655,6.4,1.382,8.949,3.056,2.546,1.746,4.22,4.365,4.22,8.73a10.5,10.5,0,0,1-4.365,8.8,19.242,19.242,0,0,1-11.35,3.2C655.088,213.11,649.122,207.945,648.54,199.942Zm35.357,0h9.167c.655,4.365,3.638,6.184,8.149,6.184,4.365,0,6.839-1.673,6.839-4.292,0-1.746-1.237-2.765-2.983-3.419a54.2,54.2,0,0,0-6.839-1.528c-3.419-.655-6.62-1.382-9.094-3.056-2.546-1.673-4.147-4.147-4.147-8.221a10.41,10.41,0,0,1,4.438-9.021c2.765-1.964,6.475-2.91,10.767-2.91,9.967,0,15.206,4.729,16.006,12.368h-8.949c-.509-4.074-2.91-5.457-7.2-5.457-3.929,0-6.4,1.382-6.4,4.147,0,1.673,1.237,2.474,3.2,3.056,1.892.655,4.438.946,7.057,1.528,3.128.655,6.4,1.382,8.949,3.056,2.547,1.746,4.22,4.365,4.22,8.73a10.5,10.5,0,0,1-4.365,8.8,19.243,19.243,0,0,1-11.35,3.2C690.445,213.11,684.48,207.945,683.9,199.942Zm60.021,7.93h-.146a9.933,9.933,0,0,1-3.783,3.565,15.7,15.7,0,0,1-7.2,1.455c-7.712,0-13.023-3.929-13.023-11.422,0-4.074,1.6-6.839,4.365-8.658s6.4-2.765,10.622-3.347c6.257-.873,9.022-1.382,9.022-4.22,0-2.765-2.037-4.438-6.257-4.438-4.656,0-6.912,1.6-7.2,5.238h-8.8a11.392,11.392,0,0,1,4.074-8.585c2.619-2.255,6.548-3.71,12-3.71,11.2,0,15.715,4.947,15.715,13.751V206.49c0,2.837.437,4.511,1.31,5.166v.364h-9.531A10.486,10.486,0,0,1,743.919,207.872Zm-2.183-4.147a6.552,6.552,0,0,0,2.255-4.874v-5.6c-1.746,1.091-4.365,1.6-6.912,2.183-5.238,1.164-7.712,2.328-7.712,5.82s2.328,4.729,5.82,4.729A9.485,9.485,0,0,0,741.736,203.725Zm20.734,3.638a19.922,19.922,0,0,1-5.166-13.969,20.522,20.522,0,0,1,5.093-14.041,17.816,17.816,0,0,1,13.532-5.675,18.148,18.148,0,0,1,11.641,3.783,15.983,15.983,0,0,1,5.311,9.895H783.2a6.723,6.723,0,0,0-6.839-5.748c-6.039,0-9.022,4.438-9.022,11.786,0,7.13,2.765,11.786,8.876,11.786,4.074,0,6.839-2.037,7.494-6.33h9.531a14.736,14.736,0,0,1-4.874,10.04,17.487,17.487,0,0,1-11.932,4.22A18.474,18.474,0,0,1,762.47,207.363Zm44.744-27.792c2.765-4,5.675-5.893,10.84-5.893a12.153,12.153,0,0,1,9.312,3.929,14.814,14.814,0,0,1,3.565,10.04v24.373h-9.895V189.1c0-4.074-2.255-6.839-6.475-6.839-4.365,0-7.566,3.419-7.566,8.585v21.171H797.1V160H807v19.571Zm52.965,28.083h-.218a11.977,11.977,0,0,1-10.695,5.384c-8.367,0-12.95-5.165-12.95-13.459V174.7h9.822V197.9c0,4.365,1.891,6.766,6.184,6.766,4.656,0,7.494-3.492,7.494-8.439V174.7h9.895v37.323h-9.531Zm13.169-7.712h9.167c.655,4.365,3.638,6.184,8.149,6.184,4.365,0,6.839-1.673,6.839-4.292,0-1.746-1.237-2.765-2.983-3.419a54.209,54.209,0,0,0-6.839-1.528c-3.419-.655-6.62-1.382-9.094-3.056-2.547-1.673-4.147-4.147-4.147-8.221a10.41,10.41,0,0,1,4.438-9.021c2.765-1.964,6.475-2.91,10.767-2.91,9.967,0,15.206,4.729,16.006,12.368H896.7c-.509-4.074-2.91-5.457-7.2-5.457-3.929,0-6.4,1.382-6.4,4.147,0,1.673,1.237,2.474,3.2,3.056,1.892.655,4.438.946,7.057,1.528,3.128.655,6.4,1.382,8.949,3.056,2.546,1.746,4.22,4.365,4.22,8.73a10.5,10.5,0,0,1-4.365,8.8,19.242,19.242,0,0,1-11.35,3.2C879.895,213.11,873.929,207.945,873.347,199.942Zm40.74,7.421c-3.347-3.492-5.02-8.512-5.02-14.041a20.254,20.254,0,0,1,5.166-13.969,17.627,17.627,0,0,1,13.241-5.675c6.038,0,10.549,2.255,13.678,6.257s4.729,9.531,4.729,16.224H918.816c.8,5.82,3.856,9.312,9.531,9.312,3.929,0,6.111-1.746,7.2-4.584H945.3a14.429,14.429,0,0,1-5.311,8.585,18.453,18.453,0,0,1-11.568,3.638C922.163,213.11,917.434,210.927,914.087,207.363Zm4.875-18.043H935.55c-.291-4.8-3.347-8-7.93-8C922.381,181.317,919.835,184.372,918.962,189.32ZM952.283,174.7V163.056h9.676V174.7h6.4v6.911h-6.4v19.425c0,2.837,1.455,3.71,3.711,3.71h1.892a4.8,4.8,0,0,0,1.018-.073v7.275a11.261,11.261,0,0,1-1.6.073c-1.091.073-2.619.073-4.583.073a11.8,11.8,0,0,1-6.839-1.819c-1.964-1.382-3.274-3.638-3.274-7.13V181.608h-5.165V174.7Zm22.99,0V163.056h9.676V174.7h6.4v6.911h-6.4v19.425c0,2.837,1.455,3.71,3.711,3.71h1.891a4.807,4.807,0,0,0,1.019-.073v7.275a11.265,11.265,0,0,1-1.6.073c-1.091.073-2.619.073-4.583.073a11.8,11.8,0,0,1-6.839-1.819c-1.964-1.382-3.274-3.638-3.274-7.13V181.608h-5.165V174.7Zm18.769,25.245h9.167c.655,4.365,3.638,6.184,8.148,6.184,4.365,0,6.839-1.673,6.839-4.292,0-1.746-1.237-2.765-2.983-3.419a54.191,54.191,0,0,0-6.839-1.528c-3.419-.655-6.62-1.382-9.094-3.056-2.546-1.673-4.147-4.147-4.147-8.221a10.41,10.41,0,0,1,4.438-9.021c2.765-1.964,6.475-2.91,10.768-2.91,9.967,0,15.206,4.729,16.006,12.368H1017.4c-.509-4.074-2.91-5.457-7.2-5.457-3.929,0-6.4,1.382-6.4,4.147,0,1.673,1.237,2.474,3.2,3.056,1.892.655,4.438.946,7.057,1.528,3.128.655,6.4,1.382,8.948,3.056,2.547,1.746,4.22,4.365,4.22,8.73a10.5,10.5,0,0,1-4.365,8.8,19.243,19.243,0,0,1-11.35,3.2C1000.589,213.11,994.623,207.945,994.041,199.942ZM565.893,227.625v52.019H555.344V227.625Zm16.733,19.789a11.914,11.914,0,0,1,11.059-6.111A12.153,12.153,0,0,1,603,245.231a14.814,14.814,0,0,1,3.565,10.04v24.373h-9.895V256.726c0-4.074-2.255-6.839-6.475-6.839-4.365,0-7.566,3.42-7.566,8.585v21.171h-9.894V242.321h9.676v5.093Zm27.282,20.153h9.167c.655,4.365,3.638,6.184,8.148,6.184,4.365,0,6.839-1.673,6.839-4.292,0-1.746-1.237-2.765-2.983-3.419a54.2,54.2,0,0,0-6.839-1.528c-3.419-.655-6.62-1.382-9.094-3.056-2.547-1.673-4.147-4.147-4.147-8.221a10.41,10.41,0,0,1,4.438-9.021c2.765-1.964,6.475-2.91,10.768-2.91,9.967,0,15.205,4.729,16.006,12.368h-8.949c-.509-4.074-2.91-5.457-7.2-5.457-3.929,0-6.4,1.382-6.4,4.147,0,1.673,1.237,2.474,3.2,3.056,1.892.655,4.438.946,7.057,1.528,3.128.655,6.4,1.382,8.949,3.056,2.546,1.746,4.22,4.365,4.22,8.73a10.5,10.5,0,0,1-4.365,8.8,19.242,19.242,0,0,1-11.35,3.2C616.456,280.735,610.49,275.569,609.908,267.566Zm39.432-25.245V230.68h9.676v11.641h6.4v6.911h-6.4v19.425c0,2.837,1.455,3.71,3.711,3.71h1.891a4.809,4.809,0,0,0,1.019-.073v7.275a11.273,11.273,0,0,1-1.6.073c-1.091.073-2.619.073-4.583.073a11.8,11.8,0,0,1-6.839-1.819c-1.964-1.382-3.274-3.638-3.274-7.13V249.232h-5.165v-6.911Zm30.628-13.314v8.876h-9.894v-8.876Zm0,13.314v37.323h-9.894V242.321Zm8.949,0V230.68h9.676v11.641H705v6.911h-6.4v19.425c0,2.837,1.455,3.71,3.711,3.71H704.2a4.81,4.81,0,0,0,1.019-.073v7.275a11.274,11.274,0,0,1-1.6.073c-1.091.073-2.619.073-4.584.073a11.8,11.8,0,0,1-6.839-1.819c-1.964-1.382-3.274-3.638-3.274-7.13V249.232h-5.166v-6.911Zm44.306,32.957H733a11.977,11.977,0,0,1-10.7,5.384c-8.366,0-12.95-5.166-12.95-13.459V242.321h9.822v23.208c0,4.365,1.891,6.766,6.184,6.766,4.656,0,7.494-3.492,7.494-8.439V242.321h9.894v37.323h-9.531Zm18.48-32.957V230.68h9.676v11.641h6.4v6.911h-6.4v19.425c0,2.837,1.455,3.71,3.71,3.71h1.892A4.808,4.808,0,0,0,768,272.3v7.275a11.272,11.272,0,0,1-1.6.073c-1.091.073-2.619.073-4.584.073a11.8,11.8,0,0,1-6.839-1.819c-1.964-1.382-3.274-3.638-3.274-7.13V249.232h-5.166v-6.911Zm23.572,32.666c-3.347-3.492-5.02-8.512-5.02-14.041a20.254,20.254,0,0,1,5.166-13.969,17.628,17.628,0,0,1,13.241-5.675c6.038,0,10.549,2.255,13.678,6.257s4.729,9.531,4.729,16.224H780c.8,5.82,3.856,9.312,9.531,9.312,3.929,0,6.111-1.746,7.2-4.584h9.749a14.43,14.43,0,0,1-5.311,8.585,18.455,18.455,0,0,1-11.568,3.638C783.35,280.735,778.622,278.552,775.275,274.987Zm4.874-18.043h16.588c-.291-4.8-3.347-8-7.93-8C783.569,248.941,781.022,252,780.149,256.944Zm46.489,18.043a19.5,19.5,0,0,1-5.456-13.969,19.8,19.8,0,0,1,5.456-14.041A19.22,19.22,0,0,1,840.68,241.3a19.514,19.514,0,0,1,14.114,5.675,20.062,20.062,0,0,1,5.384,14.041,19.757,19.757,0,0,1-5.384,13.969,19.279,19.279,0,0,1-14.114,5.748A18.991,18.991,0,0,1,826.638,274.987Zm23.5-13.969c0-7.348-3.347-12.223-9.458-12.223s-9.458,4.875-9.458,12.223c0,7.275,3.347,12.15,9.458,12.15S850.138,268.294,850.138,261.019Zm16.369-18.7v-3.347c0-4.583,1.746-7.639,4.729-9.458,2.91-1.746,7.057-2.328,11.859-1.819v7.639c-4.656-.218-6.693.291-6.693,4.22v2.765H883.1v7.13H876.4v30.193h-9.894V249.451h-5.093v-7.13ZM581.535,295.249v8.876H565.893v43.143H555.344V304.125H539.7v-8.876Zm-1.091,47.363c-3.347-3.492-5.02-8.512-5.02-14.041a20.255,20.255,0,0,1,5.166-13.969,17.628,17.628,0,0,1,13.241-5.675c6.038,0,10.549,2.255,13.678,6.257s4.729,9.531,4.729,16.224H585.173c.8,5.82,3.856,9.312,9.531,9.312,3.929,0,6.111-1.746,7.2-4.584h9.749a14.431,14.431,0,0,1-5.311,8.585,18.455,18.455,0,0,1-11.568,3.638C588.519,348.359,583.791,346.177,580.444,342.612Zm4.875-18.043h16.588c-.291-4.8-3.347-8-7.93-8C588.738,316.566,586.191,319.622,585.319,324.569Zm34.412,18.043a19.923,19.923,0,0,1-5.166-13.969,20.522,20.522,0,0,1,5.093-14.041,17.816,17.816,0,0,1,13.532-5.675,18.147,18.147,0,0,1,11.641,3.783,15.982,15.982,0,0,1,5.311,9.895h-9.676a6.723,6.723,0,0,0-6.839-5.748c-6.039,0-9.021,4.438-9.021,11.786,0,7.13,2.765,11.786,8.876,11.786,4.074,0,6.839-2.037,7.493-6.33h9.531a14.735,14.735,0,0,1-4.875,10.04,17.486,17.486,0,0,1-11.932,4.22A18.474,18.474,0,0,1,619.73,342.612Zm44.744-27.792c2.765-4,5.675-5.893,10.84-5.893a12.154,12.154,0,0,1,9.313,3.929,14.813,14.813,0,0,1,3.565,10.04v24.372H678.3V324.351c0-4.074-2.255-6.839-6.475-6.839-4.365,0-7.567,3.419-7.567,8.585v21.171h-9.894V295.249h9.894V314.82Zm39.287.218a11.914,11.914,0,0,1,11.059-6.111,12.153,12.153,0,0,1,9.312,3.929A14.813,14.813,0,0,1,727.7,322.9v24.372H717.8V324.351c0-4.074-2.255-6.839-6.475-6.839-4.365,0-7.566,3.419-7.566,8.585v21.171h-9.895V309.945h9.676v5.093Zm33.248,27.574a19.5,19.5,0,0,1-5.457-13.969,19.8,19.8,0,0,1,5.457-14.041,19.22,19.22,0,0,1,14.042-5.675,19.515,19.515,0,0,1,14.114,5.675,20.062,20.062,0,0,1,5.384,14.041,19.757,19.757,0,0,1-5.384,13.969,19.279,19.279,0,0,1-14.114,5.748A18.991,18.991,0,0,1,737.009,342.612Zm23.5-13.969c0-7.348-3.347-12.223-9.458-12.223s-9.458,4.875-9.458,12.223c0,7.275,3.347,12.15,9.458,12.15S760.509,335.919,760.509,328.643Zm24.227-33.394v52.019H774.84V295.249Zm9.749,47.363a19.5,19.5,0,0,1-5.457-13.969,19.8,19.8,0,0,1,5.457-14.041,19.22,19.22,0,0,1,14.042-5.675,19.514,19.514,0,0,1,14.114,5.675,20.063,20.063,0,0,1,5.384,14.041,19.757,19.757,0,0,1-5.384,13.969,19.278,19.278,0,0,1-14.114,5.748A18.991,18.991,0,0,1,794.484,342.612Zm23.5-13.969c0-7.348-3.346-12.223-9.458-12.223s-9.458,4.875-9.458,12.223c0,7.275,3.347,12.15,9.458,12.15S817.983,335.919,817.983,328.643Zm13.168,19.716h9.822c.8,2.328,2.837,4.147,7.494,4.147,5.529,0,8.294-2.546,8.294-7.785v-4.074h-.218a11.852,11.852,0,0,1-9.749,4.365,15.569,15.569,0,0,1-11.277-4.729,17.717,17.717,0,0,1-5.166-13.1c0-5.529,1.673-10.113,4.584-13.314a14.883,14.883,0,0,1,11.568-4.947c4.656,0,8.076,1.819,10.331,4.947h.145v-3.929h9.531v34.485c0,5.238-1.6,8.8-4.438,11.349-3.129,2.91-7.93,4.22-13.46,4.22C838.281,360,832.243,355.635,831.151,348.359Zm24.081-14.26a11.653,11.653,0,0,0,2.037-7.13,11.4,11.4,0,0,0-2.183-7.13,8.135,8.135,0,0,0-6.693-2.983c-5.093,0-8.367,3.856-8.367,10.186,0,6.4,3.274,10.04,8.44,10.04A8.184,8.184,0,0,0,855.233,334.1Zm21.535,17.606c4,0,5.529-1.964,5.529-5.093a13.621,13.621,0,0,0-.582-3.71c-.509-1.528-1.164-3.565-2.255-6.4l-10.04-26.555h10.4l5.529,16.806c.582,1.746,1.091,3.71,1.6,5.384.218.946.509,1.819.8,2.765h.145c.218-.946.437-1.819.655-2.765a54.861,54.861,0,0,1,1.528-5.384l5.239-16.806h9.967l-13.023,38.268c-1.455,4.22-2.837,6.984-4.8,8.73-2.037,1.819-4.583,2.547-8.367,2.547h-5.82v-7.785Zm-529.5-4.438h41.615V222.423H347.268Zm62.423-145.653H513.728V160H409.691ZM347.268,160h41.615v41.615H347.268ZM284.845,347.268H326.46V160H284.845Zm-62.423-41.615h41.615V160H222.423ZM160,347.268h41.615V160H160Zm249.691,0h41.615V222.423H409.691Z" transform="translate(-160 -160)"/> </svg> <h1 class="visually-hidden">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</h1> </a> <ul class="site-nav__links"> <li class="site-nav__link-item menu-item--collapsed"> <a href="/education" class="site-nav__link js-nav-item menu-item--collapsed" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11">Education</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__link-item menu-item--collapsed menu-item--active-trail is-active"> <a href="/research" class="site-nav__link js-nav-item menu-item--collapsed menu-item--active-trail is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12">Research</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__link-item"> <a href="/innovation" class="site-nav__link js-nav-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13">Innovation</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__link-item"> <a href="/admissions-aid" class="site-nav__link js-nav-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14">Admissions + Aid</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__link-item"> <a href="/campus-life" class="site-nav__link js-nav-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/15">Campus Life</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__link-item"> <a href="http://news.mit.edu/" target="_blank" class="site-nav__link js-nav-item">News</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__link-item"> <a href="/alumni" class="site-nav__link js-nav-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17">Alumni</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__link-item"> <a href="/about" class="site-nav__link js-nav-item" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">About MIT</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__link-item site-nav__link-item--more"> <button class="site-nav__link">More <span class="site-nav__arrow">↓</span></button> <ul class="site-nav__more-list js-nav-more"> <li class="site-nav__more-link-item"> <a href="/admissions-aid" class="site-nav__more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14">Admissions + Aid</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__more-link-item"> <a href="/campus-life" class="site-nav__more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/15">Campus Life</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__more-link-item"> <a href="http://news.mit.edu/" target="_blank" class="site-nav__more-link">News</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__more-link-item"> <a href="/alumni" class="site-nav__more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17">Alumni</a> </li> <li class="site-nav__more-link-item"> <a href="/about" class="site-nav__more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">About MIT</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="site-nav__buttons"> <button class="site-nav__mobile-trigger js-mobile-nav-trigger"><span class="js-mobile-nav-trigger-text">Menu</span> <span class="site-nav__arrow js-mobile-nav-trigger-arrow">↓</span></button> <a class="site-nav__search-trigger js-mobile-search js-search-trigger" href="/search"> <span class="visually-hidden">Search</span> <svg class="site-nav__search-icon site-nav__search-icon--open" width="26" viewBox="0 0 23 22"> <g stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none"> <circle cx="9.20757329" cy="8.99160695" r="8.50646589"></circle> <path d="M14.8522097,14.6362434 L20.7140392,20.4980728"></path> </g> </svg> <svg class="site-nav__search-icon site-nav__search-icon--close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"> <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" d="M1 1L17 17M1 17L17 1"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </nav> <section class="l2-search-mod"> <!-- Autosuggest UI handled by Vue.js components --> <div class="es-search-mod" id="search-app" @keydown.up.exact.prevent="onUp" @keydown.down.exact.prevent="onDown" @keydown.tab.exact="onTab" @keydown.shift.tab.exact="onShiftTab" :class="{ 'search-has-quick-links': searchMode }"> <div class="es-search__overflow"> <a href="#" class="scroll-top js-scroll-top">Menu</a> <div class="es-search__width js-search-terms"> <form method="GET" action="/search" id="es-search-form" class="es-search-form js-es-search-form"> <label for="es-search-form-input" class="es-search__label js-search-trigger">Explore websites, people, and locations</label> <div class="es-search__box-mod"> <svg width="30" viewBox="0 0 23 22" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" class="icon--search-mag search-box__mag"> <g stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none"> <circle cx="9.20757329" cy="8.99160695" r="8.50646589"></circle> <path d="M14.8522097,14.6362434 L20.7140392,20.4980728" id="Line-4"></path> </g> </svg> <div class="es-search__box-trigger js-search-trigger"></div> <input type="query" v-model="query" v-on:click="onFocus" v-on:keydown="onKeydown" v-on:keyup="onInput" ref="searchInput" class="es-search__box js-search-input" id="es-search-form-input" autocomplete="off" name="q" aria-label="search" :placeholder="[[placeholderText]]" > <div class="es-search-options" v-if="isOnSearchResultPage"> <input type="checkbox" id="option1" name="options[]" value="lns" v-model="searchOptions"> <label for="option1">Look up people by &ldquo;last name sounds like&rdquo;</label> </div> <span class="es-search__placeholder" ref="searchPlaceholder" :style="[isOnSearchResultPage ? {'display':'none'} : '']"> What are you looking for? </span> <button v-on:click="resetQuery" v-if="searchMode" ref="resetButton" class="es-search__reset js-search-reset" type="reset" for="es-search-form" aria-label="reset"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26" height="26" viewBox="0 0 26 26" class="form-reset"> <circle fill="red" cx="13" cy="13" r="13"/> <path class="st1" d="M9.9 9.9l6.5 6.5M16.4 9.9l-6.5 6.5"/> </svg> </button> <div class="es-search__results-mod" v-if="query.length && !isOnSearchResultPage"> <result-list ref="results" :query="query"></result-list> <button class="es-search__submit js-search-focusable" type="submit" form="es-search-form"> <span class="es-search__submit__text">See More Results</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 22 18" width="22" height="18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="arrow-left es-search__submit__arrow"> <g fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"> <path d="M9.058 1.219L1.203 9.074l7.855 7.855M1.5 9.074h20.005"/> </g> </svg> </button> <p class="es-search__feedback"><a class="es-search__feedback-link" href="/feedback">Suggestions or feedback?</a></p> </div> </div> </form> <suggested-links v-if="!query.length && !isOnSearchResultPage"></suggested-links> </div> </div> <wallpaper-image v-if="searchMode"></wallpaper-image> </div> </section> <main class="tle-main page-research" id="main" tabindex="0" aria-live="polite"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="tle-content-mod"> <section class="tle-gutter-container"> <div class="tle-container"> <header class="tle-header tle-padding"> <div class="tle-header__intro"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> <li class="breadcrumb"> <a class="breadcrumb__link" href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb"> Research </li> </ul> <div class="tle-gutter"> <h2 class="tle-gutter__title"> <span>Research</span> </h2> <div class="tle-gutter__bg"></div> </div> <div class="tle-header__intro-text"> <p>At MIT, pushing the boundaries of knowledge and possibility is our joyful obsession, and we celebrate fundamental discoveries and practical applications alike. As educators, we also value research as a potent form of <a href="/education#teaching">learning by doing</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="tle-header__intro-continued"> <p>Research flourishes in our 30 departments across <a href="/education/#schools-and-departments">five schools</a> and <a href="http://computing.mit.edu/">one college</a>, as well as in dozens of <a href="/research/centers-labs-programs/">centers, labs, and programs</a> that convene experts across disciplines to explore new intellectual frontiers and solve important societal problems. Our on-campus research capabilities are enhanced through the work of MIT <a href="https://www.ll.mit.edu/" target="_blank">Lincoln Laboratory</a>, the <a href="http://www.whoi.edu/" target="_blank">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</a>, active research <a href="http://ilp.mit.edu/" target="_blank">relationships with industry</a>, and a wide range of <a href="http://global.mit.edu/" target="_blank">global collaborations</a>.</p> </div> <figure class="tle-header__video"> <div class="tle-header__video-wrapper"> <video class="pause-video js-pause-video" autoplay loop muted playsinline tabindex="0"> <source src="/files/images/201805/research-2_0.mp4" /> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video> <div class="tle-header__video-controls"> <button class="tle-header__video-button js-video-button" type="button" aria-label="Pause"></button> </div> </div> <figcaption class="tle-header__video-caption"> </figcaption> </figure> </header> </div> </section> <section class="tle-section " > <div class="tle-container"> <div class="tle-section__inner tle-padding"> <header id="centers" class="tle-section__header"> <h2 class="tle-section__title">Centers, Labs &amp; Programs</h2> </header> <div class="tle-section__content"> <div class="tle-section__description"> <p>MIT continually develops organizations and partnerships that foster interdisciplinary work. Listed here are just some of the MIT labs, centers, and programs where groundbreaking research is happening every day.</p> <p><a class="tle-section__cta" href="/research/centers-labs-programs/">View Centers, Labs &amp; Programs</a></p> </div> </div> <figure class="image-grid tle-section__image-grid image-grid--single image-grid--1"> <div class="image-grid__inner"> <div class="image-grid__grid-item"> <div class="image-grid__image"> <img class="lazyloaded" data-src="/files/images/201807/MIT-Brain-Drug-Delivery-03.jpg" src="/files/images/201807/MIT-Brain-Drug-Delivery-03.jpg" alt="Two outstretched hands hold a small device containing two flat pieces and connective wires."> </div> <figcaption class="image-grid__captions" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="image-grid__caption">MIT researchers have devised a miniaturized system&nbsp;that can deliver tiny quantities of medicine to brain regions as small as 1 cubic millimeter. </span> </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="tle-section " > <div class="tle-container"> <div class="tle-section__inner tle-padding"> <header id="collaborating" class="tle-section__header"> <h2 class="tle-section__title">Collaborating Institutions</h2> </header> <div class="tle-section__content"> <div class="tle-section__description"> <p>MIT researchers collaborate with many leading local, national, and international organizations to further drive exploration.</p> <p><a class="tle-section__cta" href="/research/research-alliances/">View Collaborating Institutions</a></p> </div> </div> <figure class="image-grid tle-section__image-grid image-grid--single image-grid--1"> <div class="image-grid__inner"> <div class="image-grid__grid-item"> <div class="image-grid__image"> <img class="lazyloaded" data-src="/files/images/201807/MIT-Sole-Vibes_0.jpg" src="/files/images/201807/MIT-Sole-Vibes_0.jpg" alt="Overhead view of two blue and yellow shoes placed next to a blue icon that signifies vibration."> </div> <figcaption class="image-grid__captions" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="image-grid__caption">Researchers from MIT and the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory are developing a new space boot with built-in sensors and tiny “haptic” motors, whose vibrations can guide the wearer around or over obstacles. </span> </figcaption> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="gallery js-gallery"> <div class="tle-container"> <div class="gallery-content"> <div class="gallery-images js-gallery-images"> <figure class="js-gallery-image gallery-image gallery-image--1x1" tabindex="0"> <div class="gallery-image__crop" tabindex="-1"> <img class="gallery-image__media lazyload" data-flickity-lazyload="/files/images/201806/7257183044_f524688650_b_0.jpg" data-src="/files/images/201806/7257183044_f524688650_b_0.jpg" alt="A researcher in a white lab coat uses a microscope while two other people look on."> </div> <figcaption class="gallery-image__caption">Conducting research in a biological engineering lab</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="js-gallery-image gallery-image gallery-image--1x1" tabindex="0"> <div class="gallery-image__crop" tabindex="-1"> <img class="gallery-image__media lazyload" data-flickity-lazyload="/files/images/201806/brain-waves.jpg" data-src="/files/images/201806/brain-waves.jpg" alt="A person wears a head covering with numerous red, round buttons that connect to wires."> </div> <figcaption class="gallery-image__caption">A system from CSAIL uses EEG brain signals to detect if a person notices robots making an error.</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="js-gallery-image gallery-image gallery-image--1x1" tabindex="0"> <div class="gallery-image__crop" tabindex="-1"> <img class="gallery-image__media lazyload" data-flickity-lazyload="/files/images/201806/12_preview.jpeg" data-src="/files/images/201806/12_preview.jpeg" alt="A student wearing safety glasses works with a large piece of equipment."> </div> <figcaption class="gallery-image__caption">This student, an Olympic medalist, is developing a device that more precisely measures the curvatures of the blades used for speedskates.</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="js-gallery-image gallery-image gallery-image--1x1" tabindex="0"> <div class="gallery-image__crop" tabindex="-1"> <img class="gallery-image__media lazyload" data-flickity-lazyload="/files/images/201806/02_preview.jpeg" data-src="/files/images/201806/02_preview.jpeg" alt="An instructor and a student in a white lab coat look at samples in a lab."> </div> <figcaption class="gallery-image__caption">Recent faculty research topics in mechanical engineering include pattern formation, fluid dynamics, and soft condensed matter.</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="js-gallery-image gallery-image gallery-image--2x2" tabindex="0"> <div class="gallery-image__crop" tabindex="-1"> <img class="gallery-image__media lazyload" data-flickity-lazyload="/files/images/201806/04_preview.jpeg" data-src="/files/images/201806/04_preview.jpeg" alt="Two people crouch down as they look at a large piece of equipment."> </div> <figcaption class="gallery-image__caption">Ion accelerators play a strong role in magnetic fusion energy research.</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="js-gallery-image gallery-image gallery-image--1x1" tabindex="0"> <div class="gallery-image__crop" tabindex="-1"> <img class="gallery-image__media lazyload" data-flickity-lazyload="/files/images/201806/11_preview_0.jpeg" data-src="/files/images/201806/11_preview_0.jpeg" alt="A student wearing an MIT Brass Rat ring uses a stylus and computer tablet."> </div> <figcaption class="gallery-image__caption">MIT students have research interests that extend beyond the lab.</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="js-gallery-image gallery-image gallery-image--1x1" tabindex="0"> <div class="gallery-image__crop" tabindex="-1"> <img class="gallery-image__media lazyload" data-flickity-lazyload="/files/images/201806/rna-imaging.jpg" data-src="/files/images/201806/rna-imaging.jpg" alt="A colorful MIT research image."> </div> <figcaption class="gallery-image__caption">MIT researchers have developed a new way to image proteins and RNA inside neurons of intact brain tissue.</figcaption> </figure> <figure class="js-gallery-image gallery-image gallery-image--1x1" tabindex="0"> <div class="gallery-image__crop" tabindex="-1"> <img class="gallery-image__media lazyload" data-flickity-lazyload="/files/images/201806/08_preview_1.jpeg" data-src="/files/images/201806/08_preview_1.jpeg" alt="A student looks down at a piece of equipment. In front is a mechanical arm holding a small glass."> </div> <figcaption class="gallery-image__caption">A graduate student works on robotic systems that are tasked with removing items from bins and placing them into boxes.</figcaption> </figure> </div> <nav class="slider-nav"> <button class="slider-button slider-button--prev js-slider-prev"> <svg viewBox="0 0 22 18" width="22" height="18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="arrow-left slider-button__arrow--prev"> <g fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"> <path d="M9.058 1.219L1.203 9.074l7.855 7.855M1.5 9.074h20.005"/> </g> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">prev</span> </button> <button class="slider-button slider-button--next js-slider-next"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="18" viewBox="0 0 22 18" class="arrow-right slider-button__arrow--next"> <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" d="M8.058,0.219 L0.203,8.074 L8.058,15.929 M0.5,8.074 L20.505,8.074" transform="matrix(-1 0 0 1 21 1)"/> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">next</span> </button> </nav> </div> </div> </section> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <a href="/" class="site-footer__logo-link"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="377.778" height="200" viewBox="0 0 377.778 200" class="mit-logo site-footer__logo"> <path class="logo-color--primary" d="M360,360h44.445V226.667H360Zm66.667-155.556H537.778V160H426.667ZM360,160h44.445v44.444H360ZM293.333,360h44.444V160H293.333Zm-66.667-44.444h44.444V160H226.667ZM160,360h44.445V160H160Zm266.667,0h44.445V226.667H426.667Z" transform="translate(-160 -160)"/> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span> </a> <ul class="site-footer__nav-mod"> <li class="site-footer__nav__link-item"> <a class="site-footer__nav__link js-nav-item " href="/education">Education</a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__link-item"> <a class="site-footer__nav__link js-nav-item " href="/research">Research</a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__link-item"> <a class="site-footer__nav__link js-nav-item " href="/innovation">Innovation</a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__link-item"> <a class="site-footer__nav__link js-nav-item " href="/admissions-aid">Admissions + Aid</a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__link-item"> <a class="site-footer__nav__link js-nav-item " href="/campus-life">Campus Life</a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__link-item"> <a class="site-footer__nav__link js-nav-item " href="https://news.mit.edu/">News<span class="tool-tip">news.mit.edu</span></a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__link-item"> <a class="site-footer__nav__link js-nav-item " href="/about">About MIT</a> </li> <li class="site-footer__nav__link-item"> <a class="site-footer__nav__link js-nav-item " href="/alumni">Alumni</a> </li> </ul> <div class="site-footer__cta-mod"> <a class="site-footer__join-us-link" href="/building-a-better-world"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13" height="13" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="arrow-northeast site-footer__join-us-icon"> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" transform="translate(1 1)"> <polyline points="3 0 14 0 14 11"/> <path d="M14,0 L0,14"/> </g> </svg> <span>Join us in building a better world.</span></a> </div> <div class="site-footer__utility-mod"> <p class="site-footer__name"> <a href="/">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> </p> <div class="site-footer__contact-info"> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology/@42.360091,-71.09416,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xd0e08ea5b308203c!8m2!3d42.360091!4d-71.09416" class="site-footer__contact-info-link">77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA</a> </div> <ul class="site-footer__utility-list"> <li class="site-footer__utility-item"><a class="site-footer__utility__text-link" href="/visitmit">Visit</a></li> <li class="site-footer__utility-item"><a class="site-footer__utility__text-link" href="https://whereis.mit.edu/">Map</a></li> <li class="site-footer__utility-item"><a class="site-footer__utility__text-link" href="https://calendar.mit.edu/">Events</a></li> <li class="site-footer__utility-item"><a class="site-footer__utility__text-link" href="/search/?redirect-origin=legacy&tab=directory">People</a></li> <li class="site-footer__utility-item"><a class="site-footer__utility__text-link" href="https://careers.mit.edu/">Careers</a></li> <li class="site-footer__utility-item"><a class="site-footer__utility__text-link" href="/contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="site-footer__utility-item site-footer__utility-item--privacy"><a class="site-footer__utility__text-link" href="/privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="site-footer__utility-item"><a class="site-footer__utility__text-link" href="/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li class="site-footer__utility-item site-footer__utility-item--social"> <ul class="site-footer__social-list"> <li class="site-footer__social-item site-footer__social-item--connect"> <a href="https://socialmediahub.mit.edu/" class="site-footer__social-item--connect-link"> <span class="site-footer__social-item--connect-text">Social Media Hub</span> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item site-footer__social-item--twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/mit"><span class="visually-hidden">MIT@twitter</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15.656" height="16" viewBox="0 0 15.656 16"> <path d="M9.317,6.775,15.146,0H13.765L8.7,5.883,4.662,0H0L6.112,8.9,0,16H1.381L6.725,9.788,10.994,16h4.662L9.317,6.775Zm-1.892,2.2-.619-.886L1.879,1.04H4L7.977,6.728l.619.886,5.169,7.394H11.644L7.426,8.974Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"/> </svg></a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item site-footer__social-item--facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MITnews"><span class="visually-hidden">MIT@facebook</span> <svg width="8" height="16" viewBox="0 0 8 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M5.32 16H1.773V7.999H0V5.242h1.773V3.587c0-2.249 1-3.587 3.844-3.587h2.367v2.758h-1.48c-1.107 0-1.18.385-1.18 1.104l-.005 1.38H8L7.686 8H5.32V16z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item site-footer__social-item--youtube"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/mit"><span class="visually-hidden">MIT@youtube</span> <svg viewbox="0 0 24 17" height="16" width="23" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M22.938 3.005A2.87 2.87 0 0 0 20.916.984C19.143.5 12.011.5 12.011.5S4.867.512 3.093.996a2.87 2.87 0 0 0-2.022 2.022C.6 4.79.6 8.5.6 8.5s0 3.709.484 5.495a2.87 2.87 0 0 0 2.021 2.021c1.774.484 8.906.484 8.906.484s7.132 0 8.905-.484a2.87 2.87 0 0 0 2.022-2.021c.484-1.774.484-5.495.484-5.495s0-3.709-.484-5.495zm-13.21 8.918V5.077l5.93 3.423-5.93 3.423z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="site-footer__social-item site-footer__social-item--instagram"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mit/"><span class="visually-hidden">MIT@instagram</span> <svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <path id="a" d="M0 .005h15.257V15.26H0z"></path> </defs> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g transform="translate(.384 .529)"> <mask id="b" fill="#fff"> <use xlink:href="#a"></use> </mask> <path d="M7.629.005c-2.072 0-2.332.009-3.146.046-.812.037-1.366.166-1.851.354a3.74 3.74 0 0 0-1.352.88A3.74 3.74 0 0 0 .4 2.636c-.188.486-.317 1.04-.354 1.852C.009 5.302 0 5.562 0 7.633c0 2.072.009 2.332.046 3.146.037.812.166 1.366.355 1.851.194.502.455.928.88 1.352.424.424.849.685 1.35.88.486.188 1.04.317 1.852.354.814.037 1.074.046 3.146.046 2.071 0 2.331-.009 3.145-.046.812-.037 1.366-.166 1.852-.354a3.74 3.74 0 0 0 1.35-.88 3.74 3.74 0 0 0 .88-1.352c.19-.485.318-1.04.355-1.851.037-.814.046-1.074.046-3.146 0-2.071-.009-2.331-.046-3.145-.037-.812-.166-1.366-.354-1.852a3.74 3.74 0 0 0-.88-1.35 3.74 3.74 0 0 0-1.351-.88c-.486-.19-1.04-.318-1.852-.355C9.96.014 9.7.005 7.629.005zm0 1.374c2.037 0 2.278.008 3.082.045.744.034 1.148.158 1.417.262.356.139.61.304.877.571.267.267.432.521.57.877.105.27.23.673.263 1.417.037.804.045 1.046.045 3.082 0 2.037-.008 2.279-.045 3.083-.034.744-.158 1.148-.262 1.417-.139.356-.304.61-.571.877a2.363 2.363 0 0 1-.877.57c-.269.105-.673.23-1.417.263-.804.037-1.045.045-3.082.045s-2.279-.008-3.083-.045c-.744-.034-1.148-.158-1.417-.263a2.363 2.363 0 0 1-.877-.57 2.364 2.364 0 0 1-.57-.877c-.105-.27-.23-.673-.263-1.417-.037-.804-.044-1.046-.044-3.083 0-2.036.007-2.278.044-3.082.034-.744.158-1.148.263-1.417.138-.356.303-.61.57-.877.267-.267.521-.432.877-.57.27-.105.673-.23 1.417-.263.804-.037 1.046-.045 3.083-.045z" fill="currentColor" mask="url(#b)"></path> </g> <path d="M8.013 10.705a2.543 2.543 0 1 1 0-5.086 2.543 2.543 0 0 1 0 5.086zm0-6.46a3.917 3.917 0 1 0 0 7.835 3.917 3.917 0 0 0 0-7.835zM13 4.09a.915.915 0 1 1-1.83 0 .915.915 0 0 1 1.83 0" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </footer> <script src="/themes/mit/assets/js/modernizr.js?s4h9fq"></script> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <script src="/themes/mit/assets/js/main.js?s4h9fq"></script> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="/themes/mit/assets/js/ie-7-8.js?s4h9fq"></script> <![endif]--> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10