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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Accademia degli Incogniti</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_glorie_de_gli_incogniti_-_O_vero_gli_hvomini_illvstri_della%CC%93ccademia_de_%CC%93signori_incogniti_di_venetia_(1647)_(14783031885).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Le_glorie_de_gli_incogniti_-_O_vero_gli_hvomini_illvstri_della%CC%93ccademia_de_%CC%93signori_incogniti_di_venetia_%281647%29_%2814783031885%29.jpg/180px-Le_glorie_de_gli_incogniti_-_O_vero_gli_hvomini_illvstri_della%CC%93ccademia_de_%CC%93signori_incogniti_di_venetia_%281647%29_%2814783031885%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Le_glorie_de_gli_incogniti_-_O_vero_gli_hvomini_illvstri_della%CC%93ccademia_de_%CC%93signori_incogniti_di_venetia_%281647%29_%2814783031885%29.jpg/270px-Le_glorie_de_gli_incogniti_-_O_vero_gli_hvomini_illvstri_della%CC%93ccademia_de_%CC%93signori_incogniti_di_venetia_%281647%29_%2814783031885%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Le_glorie_de_gli_incogniti_-_O_vero_gli_hvomini_illvstri_della%CC%93ccademia_de_%CC%93signori_incogniti_di_venetia_%281647%29_%2814783031885%29.jpg/360px-Le_glorie_de_gli_incogniti_-_O_vero_gli_hvomini_illvstri_della%CC%93ccademia_de_%CC%93signori_incogniti_di_venetia_%281647%29_%2814783031885%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms of the Accademia, featuring the crest of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Loredan" title="House of Loredan">Loredan family</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Loredanian Academy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Loredan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Loredan.svg/15px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Loredan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Loredan.svg/23px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Loredan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Loredan.svg/30px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Loredan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Loredan" title="House of Loredan">House of Loredan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1630</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Loredan" title="Giovanni Francesco Loredan">Giovanni Francesco Loredan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Guido_Casoni" title="Guido Casoni">Guido Casoni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Serene_Republic_of_Venice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">1661</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Priuli_Ruzzini_Loredan" title="Palazzo Priuli Ruzzini Loredan">Palazzo Priuli Ruzzini Loredan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Accademia degli Incogniti</b> (Academy of the Unknowns), also called the <b>Loredanian Academy</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">learned society</a> of freethinking <a href="/wiki/Intellectuals" class="mw-redirect" title="Intellectuals">intellectuals</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Venetian_nobility" title="Venetian nobility">noblemen</a>, that significantly influenced the cultural and political life of mid-17th century <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. The society was founded in 1630 by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Loredano" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Francesco Loredano">Giovanni Francesco Loredan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guido_Casoni" title="Guido Casoni">Guido Casoni</a>, and derived its basic <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotelian philosophy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)" title="Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)">Cesare Cremonini</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_school" title="Peripatetic school">Peripatetic</a> who was a professor of philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R37_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R37-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The society included historians, poets, and <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">librettists</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accademia_degli_Incogniti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portret_van_schrijver_Giovan_Francesco_Loredan,_RP-P-1909-5172.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portret_van_schrijver_Giovan_Francesco_Loredan%2C_RP-P-1909-5172.jpg/226px-Portret_van_schrijver_Giovan_Francesco_Loredan%2C_RP-P-1909-5172.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portret_van_schrijver_Giovan_Francesco_Loredan%2C_RP-P-1909-5172.jpg/339px-Portret_van_schrijver_Giovan_Francesco_Loredan%2C_RP-P-1909-5172.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portret_van_schrijver_Giovan_Francesco_Loredan%2C_RP-P-1909-5172.jpg/452px-Portret_van_schrijver_Giovan_Francesco_Loredan%2C_RP-P-1909-5172.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="2026" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Loredan" title="Giovanni Francesco Loredan">Giovanni Francesco Loredan</a>, Venetian senator and writer, and founder of the Accademia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The academy drew to itself the main literary figures of Venice and others from outside who were sympathetic to a libertine programme and to Venice's political and cultural independence, such as <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Brusoni" title="Girolamo Brusoni">Girolamo Brusoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrante_Pallavicino" title="Ferrante Pallavicino">Ferrante Pallavicino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelico_Aprosio" title="Angelico Aprosio">Angelico Aprosio</a>, Pietro Michiel, and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Pona" title="Francesco Pona">Francesco Pona</a>. The name ‘Incogniti’ alludes to members' use of subterfuges like paradox, allegory, and irony in order to deflect censure. According to historian <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Rosand" title="Ellen Rosand">Ellen Rosand</a>, the academy, in keeping with its name, usually operated behind the scenes. Members often wrote in a secret language and frequently published their works anonymously. </p><p>The academy nurtured the political and cultural values of <a href="/wiki/Trajano_Boccalini" title="Trajano Boccalini">Trajano Boccalini</a>, as expressed in his <i>Ragguagli di Parnaso</i> (1612–15). Its libertinism was fortified by the Aristotelian naturalism (linked with <a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">skeptical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epicureanism" title="Epicureanism">Epicurean</a> currents) taught at the University of Padua, which was attended by the Venetian upper classes. Its general philosophy was that nothing is knowable beyond the world of nature to which we have access by reason alone, that the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a> is mortal, and that the pleasures of the senses and the satisfaction of sexual instincts are part of natural life. <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> was an influence through formulating a view of religion as a product of human history rather than divine revelation, exercised by an elite for the purpose of social control. </p><p>Hardly surprisingly, the censors often placed Incogniti works on the <a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index</a>. These works included satirical prose and verse compositions imitating pasquinate, biblical stories turned into erotic adventure romances, collections of <a href="/wiki/Novella" title="Novella">novelle</a> praising natural instincts and pleasure, historical narratives (often anti-Spanish or anti-papal), and an array of often hybrid genres, mixing historical, <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a>, epistolary, and <a href="/wiki/Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">picaresque</a> elements. Continuing a practice set by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Aretino" title="Pietro Aretino">Aretino</a> and the poligrafi in the mid-16th century, Incogniti authors wrote in a lively, contemporary idiom, usually bereft of classical baggage and archaic vocabulary. They wrote quickly on themes of contemporary interest for as wide a readership as possible. Many of their satirical writings were anonymous, with false dates and places of publication, and hence knowingly clandestine. The academy's historical writings were inspired by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sarpi" title="Paolo Sarpi">Paolo Sarpi</a>, as well as Machiavelli and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a>, all of whom were viewed as exposing the workings of tyranny, and so as alerting readers to the abuses of power, both political and religious. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cesare_Cremonini_(d%C3%A9tail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cesare_Cremonini_%28d%C3%A9tail%29.jpg/168px-Cesare_Cremonini_%28d%C3%A9tail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Cesare_Cremonini_%28d%C3%A9tail%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)" title="Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)">Cesare Cremonini</a>, whose teachings inspired the Accademia degli Incogniti.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Accademia degli Incogniti was particularly active in the promotion of musical theatre in Venice from the 1630s onward, founding its own theatre, the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Novissimo" title="Teatro Novissimo">Teatro Novissimo</a>, which flourished briefly between 1641 and 1645.<sup id="cite_ref-R37_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R37-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their librettos for musical dramas, the iconoclastic intellectuals of the academy set a tone that was "[often] shockingly frank and frequently amoral".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these librettists were <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Badoaro" title="Giacomo Badoaro">Giacomo Badoaro</a>, who wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Il_ritorno_d%27Ulisse_in_patria" title="Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria">Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Claudio Monteverdi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Busenello" title="Giovanni Francesco Busenello">Giovanni Francesco Busenello</a>, who provided <a href="/wiki/Monteverdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Monteverdi">Monteverdi</a> with the libretto for the composer's final and arguably greatest operatic work, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27incoronazione_di_Poppea" title="L'incoronazione di Poppea">L'incoronazione di Poppea</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the academy is often depicted as a group of "sceptical libertines extolling a peculiarly Venetian brand of (im)morality",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Loredan" title="Giovanni Francesco Loredan">Loredan</a> was a respected senator of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian Republic</a>; other members likewise served the Republic as senators or councillors, and the academy remained an unofficial centre of political power for several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-R37_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R37-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its influence began to wane in the late 1650s, and by 1661, the academy had ceased to meet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accademia_degli_Incogniti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-R37-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R37_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R37_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R37_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosand, pp. 37–40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318015704/http://www.fathom.com/course/10701021/session4.html">"Operas and Oratorios in Early Baroque Music"</a>. Columbia University. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fathom.com/course/10701021/session4.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operas+and+Oratorios+in+Early+Baroque+Music&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fathom.com%2Fcourse%2F10701021%2Fsession4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAccademia+degli+Incogniti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ringer, pp. 213–214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter, p. 271.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accademia_degli_Incogniti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter2002" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Tim (2002). <i>Monteverdi's Musical Theatre</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09676-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-09676-3"><bdi>0-300-09676-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monteverdi%27s+Musical+Theatre&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-300-09676-3&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAccademia+degli+Incogniti" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318015704/http://www.fathom.com/course/10701021/session4.html">"Operas and Oratorios in Early Baroque Music"</a>. Columbia University. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fathom.com/course/10701021/session4.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operas+and+Oratorios+in+Early+Baroque+Music&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fathom.com%2Fcourse%2F10701021%2Fsession4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAccademia+degli+Incogniti" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinger2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ringer" title="Mark Ringer">Ringer, Mark</a> (2006). <i>Opera's First Master: The Musical Dramas of Claudio Monteverdi</i>. Newark N.J.: Amadeus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57467-110-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57467-110-3"><bdi>1-57467-110-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opera%27s+First+Master%3A+The+Musical+Dramas+of+Claudio+Monteverdi&rft.place=Newark+N.J.&rft.pub=Amadeus+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-57467-110-3&rft.aulast=Ringer&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAccademia+degli+Incogniti" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosand1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Rosand" title="Ellen Rosand">Rosand, Ellen</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OIldosPbzukC&q=Accademia+degli+Incogniti+Venice&pg=PA37"><i>Opera in Seventeenth-Century Venice: the Creation of a Genre</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520934566" title="Special:BookSources/9780520934566"><bdi>9780520934566</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opera+in+Seventeenth-Century+Venice%3A+the+Creation+of+a+Genre&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780520934566&rft.aulast=Rosand&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOIldosPbzukC%26q%3DAccademia%2Bdegli%2BIncogniti%2BVenice%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAccademia+degli+Incogniti" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Learned_societies_in_Italy" title="Template:Learned societies in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Learned_societies_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Learned societies in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Learned_societies_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Learned societies in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Accademie_and_learned_societies_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_learned_societies_in_Italy" title="List of learned societies in Italy"><i>Accademie</i> and learned societies in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Institute_of_Bologna" title="Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna">Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Cosentina" title="Accademia Cosentina">Accademia Cosentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Apatisti" title="Accademia degli Apatisti">Accademia degli Apatisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Arcadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia degli Arcadi">Accademia degli Arcadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Incamminati" title="Accademia degli Incamminati">Accademia degli Incamminati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Accademia degli Incogniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Infiammati" title="Accademia degli Infiammati">Accademia degli Infiammati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Inquieti" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia degli Inquieti">Accademia degli Inquieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Intronati" title="Accademia degli Intronati">Accademia degli Intronati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Oziosi" title="Accademia degli Oziosi">Accademia degli Oziosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Svogliati" title="Accademia degli Svogliati">Accademia degli Svogliati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Umidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia degli Umidi">Accademia degli Umidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_degli_Umoristi" title="Accademia degli Umoristi">Accademia degli Umoristi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_dei_Gelati" title="Accademia dei Gelati">Accademia dei Gelati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_dei_Georgofili" title="Accademia dei Georgofili">Accademia dei Georgofili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_dei_Lincei" title="Accademia dei Lincei">Accademia dei Lincei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_dei_Ricovrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia dei Ricovrati">Accademia dei Ricovrati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_dei_Risvegliati" title="Accademia dei Risvegliati">Accademia dei Risvegliati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_del_Cimento" title="Accademia del Cimento">Accademia del Cimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_del_Disegno" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia del Disegno">Accademia del Disegno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_della_Crusca" title="Accademia della Crusca">Accademia della Crusca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_delle_Arti_del_Disegno" title="Accademia delle Arti del Disegno">Accademia delle Arti del Disegno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_di_Agricoltura_di_Torino" title="Accademia di Agricoltura di Torino">Accademia di Agricoltura di Torino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_di_San_Luca" title="Accademia di San Luca">Accademia di San Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_di_Santa_Cecilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia di Santa Cecilia">Accademia di Santa Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Fiorentina" title="Accademia Fiorentina">Accademia Fiorentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Galileiana" title="Accademia Galileiana">Accademia Galileiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Nazionale_delle_Scienze_detta_dei_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL">Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy_(Florence)" title="Platonic Academy (Florence)">Accademia Neoplatonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Pontaniana" title="Accademia Pontaniana">Accademia Pontaniana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Secretorum_Naturae" title="Academia Secretorum Naturae">Academia Secretorum Naturae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Veneziana" title="Accademia Veneziana">Accademia Veneziana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associazione_Agraria_Subalpina" title="Associazione Agraria Subalpina">Associazione Agraria Subalpina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ateneo_Veneto_di_Scienze,_Lettere_ed_Arti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ateneo Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti">Ateneo Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Society" title="Dante Alighieri Society">Dante Alighieri Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Mathematical_Union" title="Italian Mathematical Union">Italian Mathematical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Physical_Society" title="Italian Physical Society">Italian Physical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Italy" title="Royal Academy of Italy">Royal Academy of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_Entomologica_Italiana" title="Società Entomologica Italiana">Società Entomologica Italiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republic_of_Venice" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republic_of_Venice_topics" title="Template:Republic of Venice topics"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FFDEAD">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republic_of_Venice_topics" title="Template talk:Republic of Venice topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FFDEAD">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republic_of_Venice_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republic of Venice topics"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FFDEAD">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republic_of_Venice" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFDEAD">Republic of Venice</span></a> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="History of the Republic of Venice">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Timeline of the Republic of Venice">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Nicephori" title="Pax Nicephori">Pax Nicephori</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Venetian_treaty_of_1082" title="Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1082">Chrysobull of 1082</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian%E2%80%93Genoese_wars" title="Venetian–Genoese wars">Venetian–Genoese wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrata_del_Maggior_Consiglio" title="Serrata del Maggior Consiglio">Serrata del Maggior Consiglio</a></li> <li>Wars of expansion in Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Padua" title="War of Padua">War of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_in_Lombardy" title="Wars in Lombardy">Wars in Lombardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Ferrara" title="War of Ferrara">War of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_wars" title="Ottoman–Venetian wars">Ottoman–Venetian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">Fall</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Venice,_1706.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Venice%2C_1706.svg/100px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Venice%2C_1706.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Venice%2C_1706.svg/150px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Venice%2C_1706.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Venice%2C_1706.svg/200px-Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_Venice%2C_1706.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;;width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogado" title="Dogado">Dogado</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sestiere_(Venice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sestiere (Venice)">Sestieri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domini_di_Terraferma" title="Domini di Terraferma">Domini di Terraferma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r" title="Stato da Màr">Stato da Màr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Istria" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Dalmatia" title="Venetian Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Albania" title="Venetian Albania">Venetian Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Cyprus" title="Venetian Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Candia" title="Kingdom of Candia">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Morea" title="Kingdom of the Morea">Morea</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="background-color: #980000; color: #FFDEAD;">  Principal organs  </span> <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogaressa" title="Dogaressa">Dogaressa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Promissione_ducale" title="Promissione ducale">promissione ducale</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concio" title="Concio">Concio</a> (abolished 1423)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune_of_Venice" title="Commune of Venice">Commune of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_Council" title="Minor Council">Minor Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signoria_of_Venice" title="Signoria of Venice">Signoria of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_College" title="Full College">Full College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savi_del_Consiglio" title="Savi del Consiglio">Savi del Consiglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savi_di_Terraferma" title="Savi di Terraferma">Savi di Terraferma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savi_agli_Ordini" title="Savi agli Ordini">Savi agli Ordini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurators_of_Saint_Mark" title="Procurators of Saint Mark">Procurators of Saint Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Council_of_Venice" title="Great Council of Venice">Great Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_nobility" title="Venetian nobility">Patriciate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonta_(Republic_of_Venice)" title="Zonta (Republic of Venice)">Zonta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Senate" title="Venetian Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ten" title="Council of Ten">Council of Ten</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Inquisitors" class="mw-redirect" title="State Inquisitors">State Inquisitors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Forty" title="Council of Forty">Council of Forty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avogadoria_de_Com%C3%B9n" title="Avogadoria de Comùn">Avogadoria de Comùn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Correttori_alle_Leggi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Correttori alle Leggi (page does not exist)">Correttori alle Leggi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span style="background-color: #980000; color: #FFDEAD;">  Judicial magistracies  </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auditors_(Republic_of_Venice)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auditors (Republic of Venice) (page does not exist)">Auditors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_the_Night_(Venice)" title="Lords of the Night (Venice)">Lords of the Night</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span style="background-color: #980000; color: #FFDEAD;">  Fiscal magistracies  </span> <a href="/wiki/Camerlenghi_di_Comun" title="Camerlenghi di Comun">Camerlenghi di Comun</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span style="background-color: #980000; color: #FFDEAD;">  Administrative magistracies  </span> <a href="/wiki/Magistrato_alle_acque" title="Magistrato alle acque">Magistrato alle acque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provveditori_all%27Armar" title="Provveditori all'Armar">Provveditori all'Armar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provveditori_sopra_beni_communali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provveditori sopra beni communali (page does not exist)">Provveditori sopra beni communali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provveditori_sopra_beni_inculti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provveditori sopra beni inculti (page does not exist)">Provveditori sopra beni inculti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esecutori_contro_la_bestemmia" title="Esecutori contro la bestemmia">Esecutori contro la bestemmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censori_(Republic_of_Venice)" title="Censori (Republic of Venice)">Censori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Holy_Inquisition#Savi_all'eresia" title="Venetian Holy Inquisition">Savi all'eresia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinque_savi_alla_mercanzia" title="Cinque savi alla mercanzia">Cinque savi alla mercanzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magistrato_alle_pompe" title="Magistrato alle pompe">Magistrato alle pompe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riformatori_dello_studio_di_Padova" title="Riformatori dello studio di Padova">Riformatori dello studio di Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magistrato_alla_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Magistrato alla Sanità">Magistrato alla Sanità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_chancellor_(Republic_of_Venice)" title="Grand chancellor (Republic of Venice)">Grand chancellor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Military history of the Republic of Venice">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="List of battles involving the Republic of Venice">Conflicts and battles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_army" title="Venetian army">Venetian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_navy" title="Venetian navy">Venetian navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Arsenal" title="Venetian Arsenal">Venetian Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_General_of_the_Sea" title="Captain General of the Sea">Captain General of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provveditore_Generale_da_Mar" title="Provveditore Generale da Mar">Provveditore Generale da Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_ranks_of_the_Venetian_navy" title="Category:Military ranks of the Venetian navy">Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sailing_ships_of_the_Venetian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sailing ships of the Venetian Navy">Sailing ships</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;;width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Venice" title="Economic history of Venice">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Coinage of the Republic of Venice">Coinage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_lira" title="Venetian lira">Lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zecca_of_Venice" title="Zecca of Venice">Zecca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Venice" title="Bank of Venice">Bank of Venice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banco_del_Giro" title="Banco del Giro">Banco del Giro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_glass" title="Venetian glass">Venetian glass</a></li> <li>Trade routes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_Argentaria" title="Via Argentaria">Via Argentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_de_Zenta" title="Via de Zenta">Via de Zenta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetian_commercial_shipping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venetian commercial shipping (page does not exist)">Venetian commercial shipping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muda_(convoy)" title="Muda (convoy)">Muda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scuole_Grandi_of_Venice" title="Scuole Grandi of Venice">Scuole Grandi of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Gothic_architecture" title="Venetian Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Renaissance" title="Venetian Renaissance">Venetian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Renaissance_architecture" title="Venetian Renaissance architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Venetian_Renaissance_humanists" title="Category:Venetian Renaissance humanists">Humanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_School_(music)" title="Venetian School (music)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_school_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian school (art)">Painting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Accademia degli Incogniti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Veneziana" title="Accademia Veneziana">Accademia Veneziana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucentaur" title="Bucentaur">Bucentaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Flag of the Republic of Venice">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_of_Venice" title="Carnival of Venice">Carnival of Venice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#980000; color: #FFDEAD;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republic_of_Venice" title="Category:Republic of Venice"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFDEAD">Category</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Republic_of_Venice-related_articles" title="Index of Republic of Venice-related articles"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFDEAD">Index</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3603983#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3603983#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3603983#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153800259">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2002041573">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145176395">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145176395">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Accademia degli Incogniti <Venezia>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VEAV049458">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257294505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/099488639">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accademia_degli_Incogniti&oldid=1220211558">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accademia_degli_Incogniti&oldid=1220211558</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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