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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_differences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coastal_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coastal_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Coastal areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coastal_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Andes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Amazon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_regional_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_regional_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other regional dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_regional_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chifa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chifa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><i>Chifa</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chifa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweet_dishes_and_desserts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweet_dishes_and_desserts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sweet dishes and desserts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweet_dishes_and_desserts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Beverages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Beverages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soft_drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soft_drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Soft drinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soft_drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcoholic_drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcoholic_drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Alcoholic drinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcoholic_drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peruvian cuisine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A" title="المطبخ البيروي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المطبخ البيروي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Перуанская кухня – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перуанская кухня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronomia_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Gastronomia del Perú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gastronomia del Perú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_kuchyn%C4%9B" title="Peruánská kuchyně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peruánská kuchyně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruanische_K%C3%BCche" title="Peruanische Küche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peruanische Küche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA" title="Gastronomía del Perú – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gastronomía del Perú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruko_gastronomia" title="Peruko gastronomia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Peruko gastronomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="آشپزی پرویی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آشپزی پرویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_p%C3%A9ruvienne" title="Cuisine péruvienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuisine péruvienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A3%A8_%EC%9A%94%EB%A6%AC" title="페루 요리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페루 요리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Պերուական խոհանոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերուական խոհանոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucina_peruviana" title="Cucina peruviana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cucina peruviana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="პერუს სამზარეულო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პერუს სამზარეულო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruviaanse_keuken" title="Peruviaanse keuken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peruviaanse keuken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="ペルー料理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペルー料理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru_oshxonasi" title="Peru oshxonasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Peru oshxonasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchnia_peruwia%C5%84ska" title="Kuchnia peruwiańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kuchnia peruwiańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_do_Peru" title="Culinária do Peru – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Culinária do Peru" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Перуанская кухня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перуанская кухня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_food" title="Peruvian food – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Peruvian food" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perulainen_keitti%C3%B6" title="Perulainen keittiö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perulainen keittiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruanska_k%C3%B6ket" title="Peruanska köket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peruanska köket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Перуанська кухня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перуанська кухня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A8m_th%E1%BB%B1c_Peru" title="Ẩm thực Peru – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ẩm thực Peru" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F" title="秘鲁饮食 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="秘鲁饮食" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q749847#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:#D91023;">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Peru" title="Category:Peru">a series</a> on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#D91023 ; border:1px double #FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peru" title="Culture of Peru"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Culture of Peru</small></span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_armas_del_Per%C3%BA_(versi%C3%B3n_alternativa).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Escudo_de_armas_del_Per%C3%BA_%28versi%C3%B3n_alternativa%29.svg/90px-Escudo_de_armas_del_Per%C3%BA_%28versi%C3%B3n_alternativa%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Escudo_de_armas_del_Per%C3%BA_%28versi%C3%B3n_alternativa%29.svg/135px-Escudo_de_armas_del_Per%C3%BA_%28versi%C3%B3n_alternativa%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Escudo_de_armas_del_Per%C3%BA_%28versi%C3%B3n_alternativa%29.svg/180px-Escudo_de_armas_del_Per%C3%BA_%28versi%C3%B3n_alternativa%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1002" data-file-height="1002" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D91023; color:#FFFFFF;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norte_Chico_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Chico civilization">Norte Chico civilization</a><small> 3500 BC-1800 BC</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_culture" title="Chavín culture">Chavín culture</a><small> 900 BC-200 BC</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moche_culture" title="Moche culture">Moche culture</a><small> 100-700</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwanaku empire">Tiwanaku empire</a><small> 550-1000</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_Empire" title="Wari Empire">Wari Empire</a><small> 6th century-1438</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cusco" title="Kingdom of Cusco">Kingdom of Cusco</a><small> 1197-1438</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a><small> 1438-1572</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a><small> 1542-1821</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Peru">Republic of Peru</a><small> 1821-present</small></b></li></ul> <hr /> <b><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_of_Peru" title="Cultural heritage of Peru">Cultural heritage of Peru</a></b></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D91023; color:#FFFFFF;;color: var(--color-base)">Arts and literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Incan art">Pre-Columbian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_art" title="Peruvian art">Peruvian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_art#Contemporary_Art" title="Peruvian art">Contemporary art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_architecture" title="Inca architecture">Inca architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Peru" title="Architecture of Peru">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_literature" title="Peruvian literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Peru#Colonial_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Peru">Colonial literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Peru#Modern_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Peru">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_comics" title="Category:Peruvian comics">Comics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Peruvian_writers" title="List of Peruvian writers">Writers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Mari%C3%A1tegui" title="José Carlos Mariátegui">Mariátegui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clorinda_Matto_de_Turner" title="Clorinda Matto de Turner">Matto de Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Vargas Llosa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Peru">Theatre</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D91023; color:#FFFFFF;;color: var(--color-base)">Entertainment</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Peru" title="Sport in Peru">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Peru" title="Football in Peru">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Peru#Taekwondo" title="Sport in Peru">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing_in_Peru" title="Surfing in Peru">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Peru#Tennis" title="Sport in Peru">Tennis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Peru">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_in_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio in Peru (page does not exist)">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Peru" title="Cinema of Peru">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Peru" title="Television in Peru">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Peru" title="List of newspapers in Peru">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D91023; color:#FFFFFF;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Cuisine</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_corn" title="Purple corn">Purple corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maca" class="mw-redirect" title="Maca">Maca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Regional_differences">Regional differences</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Regional_differences#Coastal_areas">Coastal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Regional_differences#Andes">Andes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Regional_differences#Amazon">Amazon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa"> Chifa cuisine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sweet_dishes_and_desserts">Desserts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfajor" title="Alfajor">Alfajores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroz_con_leche_(dessert)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arroz con leche (dessert)">Arroz con leche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_caramel#Peru" title="Crème caramel">Flan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucuma">Lucuma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Beverages">Beverages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Kola" title="Inca Kola">Inca Kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha_morada" title="Chicha morada">Chicha morada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peruvian_chefs" title="Category:Peruvian chefs">Peruvian chefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gast%C3%B3n_Acurio" title="Gastón Acurio">Gastón Acurio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D91023; color:#FFFFFF;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Music</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian cumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Música criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_salsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peruvian salsa (page does not exist)">Peruvian salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D91023; color:#FFFFFF;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Peru"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Peoples</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvians" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Peruvians">Afro-Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_people" title="Aymara people">Aymara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peruvians" title="Chinese Peruvians">Chinese Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Peruvians" class="mw-redirect" title="European Peruvians">European Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Peruvians" title="Japanese Peruvians">Japanese Peruvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#D91023; color:#FFFFFF;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Tradition</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Miracles" title="Lord of Miracles">Lord of Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiestas_Patrias_(Peru)" title="Fiestas Patrias (Peru)">Fiestas Patrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Raymi" title="Inti Raymi">Inti Raymi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Peru" title="Catholic Church in Peru">Catholic Church in Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Peru" title="Flag of Peru">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Peru" title="Religion in Peru">Religion in Peru</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Peru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/50px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/75px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/100px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Peru" title="Portal:Peru">Peru portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Peru" title="Template:Culture of Peru"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Peru" title="Template talk:Culture of Peru"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Peru" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Peru"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peruvian cuisine</b> reflects local practices and ingredients including influences mainly from the indigenous population, including the <a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Inca</a>, and cuisines brought by immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian cuisine</a>), <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese cuisine</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">Maghrebi cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West African cuisine</a>). Without the familiar ingredients from their home countries, immigrants modified their traditional cuisines by using ingredients available in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. </p><p>The four traditional staples of Peruvian cuisine are <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Tuber" title="Tuber">tubers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%B1iwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kañiwa">kañiwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiwicha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiwicha">kiwicha</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Beans">beans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lupins" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupins">lupins</a>). Staples brought by the Spanish include <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> and meats (beef, pork and chicken). </p><p>Many traditional foods—such as quinoa, kiwicha, <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>, and several roots and tubers—have increased in popularity in recent decades, reflecting a revival of interest in native Peruvian foods and culinary techniques. Chef <a href="/wiki/Gast%C3%B3n_Acurio" title="Gastón Acurio">Gastón Acurio</a> has become well known for raising awareness of local ingredients. The most important ingredient in all Peruvian cuisine is the potato, as Peru has the widest variety of potatoes in the world. </p><p><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Food_critic" title="Food critic">food critic</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Asimov" title="Eric Asimov">Eric Asimov</a> has described it as one of the world's most important cuisines and as an exemplar of <a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">fusion cuisine</a>, due to its long multicultural history.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peruvian cuisine reflects the influences of indigenous ingredients and techniques, European colonialism and immigration, and African and Asian immigration. It can be divided by the following points: </p> <ul><li><b>Pre-Columbian era</b></li></ul> <p>Local ingredients included potatoes, corn, quinoa, and various Andean grains. By this time, sophisticated agricultural techniques had been developed that allowed the local inhabitants to grow and cultivate crops in the challenging terrain of the Andes Mountains. </p> <ul><li><b>Colonial era</b></li></ul> <p>The 'Colonial era' marked a significant shift in Peruvian cuisine with the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century. The Spanish introduced new ingredients, such as onions, garlic, and various meats, which enriched the culinary landscape. They also brought new cooking techniques, such as frying and sautéing, which revolutionized the way Peruvians prepared their meals. </p> <ul><li><b>African and Asian influences</b></li></ul> <p>In the late 19th century, Peru experienced an influx of African and Asian immigrants who brought with them their culinary traditions. African slaves introduced dishes such as tacu-tacu, a mix of rice and beans that was fried and served with steak or eggs. Chinese immigrants created dishes such as lomo saltado, a stir-fry of beef, onions, tomatoes, and French fries, which has become a popular dish in Peru and globally.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Modern era</b></li></ul> <p>Peruvian cuisine has transcended borders and is now recognized globally. Some of its most distinguishable dishes include aji amarillo peppers, huacatay herb, and Peruvian corn. In 2004, the Peruvian government launched the 'Gastronomy Project' to promote the country's culinary traditions and stimulate the growth of the restaurant industry. This initiative has been successful, as evidenced by the declaration of July 28 as 'National Ceviche Day' in 2011, a testament to the dish's significance in Peruvian cuisine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crops">Crops</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> is considered an important center for the <a href="/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity">genetic diversity</a> of the world's crops: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potatoes</a>. Many varieties of potato are native to the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 99% of all cultivated potatoes worldwide are descendants of a single subspecies, namely <i><a href="/wiki/Solanum_tuberosum" class="mw-redirect" title="Solanum tuberosum">Solanum tuberosum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Solis_2007_0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solis_2007_0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chile_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chile-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This subspecies has developed into thousands of varieties that vary by size, shape, color, and other sensory characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-chile_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chile-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quinoa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Quinoa.jpg/220px-Quinoa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Quinoa.jpg/330px-Quinoa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Quinoa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Patates.jpg/220px-Patates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Patates.jpg/330px-Patates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Patates.jpg/440px-Patates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="1861" /></a><figcaption>Peruvian potatoes</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a>, three varieties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaniwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaniwa">Kaniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupinus_mutabilis" title="Lupinus mutabilis">Tarwi</a>, a legume native to the Andes which is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Lupin_bean" title="Lupin bean">lupin bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_bean" title="Lima bean">Lima bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maca" class="mw-redirect" title="Maca">Maca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalis_tuberosa" title="Oxalis tuberosa">Oca</a>, a potato-like tuber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashua" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashua">Mashua</a>, a potato-like tuber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulluco" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulluco">Ulluco</a>, a potato-like tuber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caigua" class="mw-redirect" title="Caigua">Caigua</a>, a vegetable with a cucumber-like taste</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_baccatum" title="Capsicum baccatum">Capsicum baccatum</a></i> chile peppers, including <a href="/wiki/Capsicum_baccatum" title="Capsicum baccatum">ají amarillo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lemon_drop_(pepper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon drop (pepper)">ají limón</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_pubescens" title="Capsicum pubescens">Capsicum pubescens</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Capsicum_pubescens" title="Capsicum pubescens">rocoto chile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_chinense" title="Capsicum chinense">Capsicum chinense</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Capsicum_chinense" title="Capsicum chinense">ají panca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capsicum_chinense" title="Capsicum chinense">ají mochero/limo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruits</a>—Peru has about 20 native fruits that are used in cooking or eaten fresh</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a> is native to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> and was domesticated there at least 5,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-cigar_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cigar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two varieties of sweet potato are commonly available for sale in the markets, but there are more varieties around the country. One has dry orange flesh and light tan skin and tastes sweet. The other has purple skin, is white and brown inside, and is only moderately sweet. Occasionally another variety, characterized by small tubers and dark skin, is available. </p><p>Among the fruits native to the Andes region in general (Peru, Bolivia) are <a href="/wiki/Lucuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucuma">lucuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camu_camu" class="mw-redirect" title="Camu camu">camu camu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">prickly pear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_gooseberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape gooseberry">cape gooseberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocona" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocona">cocona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacay" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacay">pacay</a> (technically a legume but used as a fruit), <a href="/wiki/Guanabana" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanabana">guanabana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selenicereus_megalanthus" title="Selenicereus megalanthus">dragon fruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pepino" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepino">pepino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciruela" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciruela">ciruela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammea_americana" title="Mammea americana">mammee apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banana_passionfruit" title="Banana passionfruit">banana passionfruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherimoya" title="Cherimoya">cherimoya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passiflora_edulis" title="Passiflora edulis">granadilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moriche_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Moriche palm">moriche palm</a> fruit, and <a href="/wiki/Tamarillo" title="Tamarillo">tamarillo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Yacon">Yacon</a>, although an underground tuber, is also used as a fruit. Usually, none of the other native fruits are commercially available. </p><p>From Peru, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> brought back to Europe several foods that became <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staples</a> for many cultures around the world. </p> <ul><li>Potatoes: Potatoes were introduced to Europe from the Americas. They were considered livestock feed in Europe until French chemist Antoine-Augustin Parmentier began serving dishes made from the tubers at his lavish banquets. His guests were immediately convinced that potatoes were fit for human consumption. The varieties used in Europe and most of the world, however, derive from a subspecies indigenous to the Peruvian Andes, <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>.</li> <li>Beans: Several varieties of the <a href="/wiki/Common_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Common bean">common bean</a> are native to Latin America including the <a href="/wiki/Lima_bean" title="Lima bean">lima bean</a>.</li></ul> <p>The varieties of <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>, potatoes, <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> that the Spanish brought back to Europe, however, were native to Peru: </p> <ul><li>Peppers: <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili peppers</a> are native to America. The varieties most commonly used around the world, however, derive from Mexico and Central America. <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet Pepper">Sweet Peppers</a> are native to Mexico and Central America. Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%AD_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Ají pepper">Ají peppers</a> are virtually unknown outside of the Andean region of South America.</li> <li>Maize: <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a> ("Indian" corn), is native to <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> and Peru; the varieties used in Europe and most of the world are from Central America. The corn grown in Peru is sweet and has large kernels. However, it is not widely consumed outside of Peru.</li> <li>Tomatoes: The wild ancestor of the tomato, <i><a href="/wiki/Solanum_pimpinellifolium" title="Solanum pimpinellifolium">Solanum pimpinellifolium</a></i>, is native to western South America both in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon.</li></ul> <p>Many foods from Spain are now considered Peruvian staples, including <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Oats">oats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lentils" class="mw-redirect" title="Lentils">lentils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chickpeas" class="mw-redirect" title="Chickpeas">chickpeas</a> (garbanzo beans), broad beans, garlic, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, artichokes, onions, cucumbers, carrots, celery, lettuce, eggplant, wine, vinegar, olives, beef, pork, chicken, numerous spices (including coriander, cumin, parsley, cilantro (green coriander), laurel, mint, thyme, marjoram, turmeric, cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, anise (fennel), black pepper and oregano), bananas, quince, apples, oranges, limes, apricots, peaches, plums, cherries, melons, figs, pomegranates, honey, white sugar, almonds, walnuts, cheese, hen eggs, cow's milk, etc. Many food plants popular in Europe, however, were imported to Peru. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation_of_ancient_plants">Cultivation of ancient plants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cultivation of ancient plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peruvian_corn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peruvian_corn.jpg/220px-Peruvian_corn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peruvian_corn.jpg/330px-Peruvian_corn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Peruvian_corn.jpg/440px-Peruvian_corn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Peruvian corn</figcaption></figure> <p>During the colonial period, and continuing up until the Second World War, Peruvian cuisine focused on Spanish models and virtually ignored anything that could be regarded as native or Peruvian. Traditional food plants, which the indigenous people continued to eat, were regarded as "peasant food" to be avoided. These colonial attitudes took a long time to fade. Since the 1970s, there has been an effort to bring these native food plants out of obscurity. </p><p>Some plants cultivated by ancient societies of Peru have been rediscovered by modern Peruvians, and are carefully studied by scientists. Due to the characteristics of its land and climate and the nutritional quality of its products, some Peruvian plants may play a vital role in future nutrition. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a> (an excellent source of <a href="/wiki/Essential_amino_acid" title="Essential amino acid">essential amino acids</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%B1iwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kañiwa">kañiwa</a>, which look and cook like <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a> but are <a href="/wiki/Pseudocereal" title="Pseudocereal">pseudocereals</a>. Nutritionists are also studying <a href="/wiki/Root_vegetable" title="Root vegetable">root vegetables</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Maca" class="mw-redirect" title="Maca">maca</a>, and cereals like <a href="/wiki/Kiwicha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiwicha">kiwicha</a>. </p><p>Since 1985, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> has used some of these foods—quinoa, kiwicha and maca—for <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a> meals. Andean ingredients like tubers and quinoa (kinwa in the indigenous language Quechua) have also been promoted by members of Peru's Ministry of Culture and received international endorsements from celebrities like Oprah Winfrey and NASA as a new type of superfood. While Peruvian state actors and celebrity chefs argue that these efforts have created economic opportunity for rural farmers and built international cultural awareness, the commercialization of Andean ingredients has decreased crop biodiversity on indigenous lands. Heightened global demand has caused prices to increase so that these ingredients are becoming less accessible to the native Peruvians.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For many of Peru's inhabitants, these food stocks allow for adequate nutrition, even though living standards are poor. Abandoning many of these staples during the Spanish domination and republican eras lowered nutritional levels. </p><p>Peruvian cuisine is often made spicy with <i>ají</i> pepper, a basic ingredient. Peruvian chili peppers are not spicy but serve to give taste and color to dishes. <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> often accompanies dishes in Peruvian cuisine, and the regional sources of foods and traditions give rise to countless varieties of preparation and dishes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_differences">Regional differences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regional differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peru is a country that holds not just a variety of ethnic mixes since times ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a>, but also a climatic variety of 28<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> individual climates. The mixing of cultures and the variety of climates differ from city to city so geography, climate, culture and ethnic mix determine the variety of local cuisine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coastal_areas">Coastal areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coastal areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pacific Ocean is the principal source of aquatic resources for Peru. Peru is one of the world's top two producers and <a href="/wiki/Export" title="Export">exporters</a> of unusually high-protein <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fishmeal" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:fishmeal">fishmeal</a> for use in livestock/aquaculture feed. Its richness in fish and other aquatic life is enormous, and many oceanic plant and animal species can only be found in Peru. As important as the Pacific is to Peru's biodiversity, freshwater biomes such as the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a> also play a large role in the ecological make-up of the country. </p><p>Every coastal region, being distinct in <a href="/wiki/Flora_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora (plants)">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna_(animals)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna (animals)">fauna</a> populations, adapts its cuisine in accordance to the resources available in its waters. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg/220px-Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg/330px-Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg/440px-Ceviche_del_Per%C3%BA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2426" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>Peruvian ceviche platter</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ceviche" title="Ceviche">Ceviche</a>, a Peruvian dish of marinated raw fish or seafood typically garnished with herbs and served as an appetizer, with many variations (pure, combination, or mixed with fish and shellfish), provides a good example of regional adaptation. Ceviche is found in almost all Peruvian restaurants on the coast, the shortly marinated seafood morsels are typically served with camote (sweet potato), and kernels of Peruvian choclo serrano. It can also be spelled "cebiche" in Peru, it is the flagship dish of coastal cuisine, and one of the most popular dishes among Peruvians. The marinade consists of Andean chili peppers, onions, and juices from an aromatic lime variety brought by the Spaniards. Before the Spanish colonists came to Peru, the Moche marinated seafood using fermented juice prepared from local banana passionfruit called Tumbo. But once the Spanish colonists arrived and brought with them citrus fruits, locals started using citrus to marinate their seafood. A spicy dish, it consists generally of bite-size pieces of white fish (such as corvina or white sea bass), marinated raw in lime juice mixed with chilis. Ceviche is often served with raw onions, boiled sweet potatoes (camote), and toasted corn (cancha).<sup id="cite_ref-Scholem_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Peruvians believe that ceviche is an aphrodisiac and hangover cure, the latter possibly due to the fact that it is traditionally consumed <a href="/wiki/Hair_of_the_dog" title="Hair of the dog">with beer</a>. Unlike the adaptations of ceviche made in Mexico and Ecuador, in Peru it does not have tomatoes. Also popular is Leche de tigre (tiger's milk), which is the Peruvian colloquial name for the marinade used in ceviche. It has a light spicy flavor. </p><p><i>Chupe de camarones</i> (shrimp cioppino) is one of the most popular dishes of Peruvian coastal cuisine. It is made from a thick freshwater shrimp (crayfish) stock soup, potatoes, <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>. It is regularly found in Peruvian restaurants specializing in <a href="/wiki/Arequipan_cuisine" title="Arequipan cuisine">Arequipan cuisine</a>. </p><p>A center of immigration and centers of the Spanish Viceroyalty, <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trujillo,_Peru" title="Trujillo, Peru">Trujillo</a> have incorporated unique dishes brought from the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors and the subsequent waves of immigrants. Besides international immigration—a large portion of which happened in Lima—there has been, since the second half of the 20th century, a strong internal flow from rural areas to cities, in particular to Lima. This has strongly influenced Lima's cuisine with the incorporation of the immigrants' ingredients and techniques. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arroz_chaufa_especial_12032009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arroz_chaufa_especial_12032009.JPG/220px-Arroz_chaufa_especial_12032009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arroz_chaufa_especial_12032009.JPG/330px-Arroz_chaufa_especial_12032009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arroz_chaufa_especial_12032009.JPG/440px-Arroz_chaufa_especial_12032009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2661" data-file-height="2154" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Arroz_Chaufa" class="mw-redirect" title="Arroz Chaufa">Arroz Chaufa</a></i>, is a localized version of <i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_fried_rice" title="Chinese fried rice">chaofan</a></i>, or Chinese fried rice.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creole</a> cuisine is the most widespread in this <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cosmopolitan" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:cosmopolitan">cosmopolitan</a> city. Lima hosts a wide variety of international cuisines, with Italian and Chinese (known locally as <i><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">chifa</a></i>, a Chinese-Peruvian fusion) being the most popular. Rice is one of the foods brought to Peru from Spain. Arroz Chaufa, which is Peruvian fried rice is one popular Peruvian dish. It is made of peppers, onions, garlic, soy sauce, eggs, chicken, sesame oil, ginger, and cumin. It is Peru's version of Chinese fried rice. Japanese food, especially sushi, is also very popular, and many chain restaurants from the United States have a significant presence as well. Offerings of Arabic, Thai, Mexican, French, English, Argentine, Brazilian, and Indian cuisine can also be found in multiple locations throughout the city of Lima. </p><p>The city's bakeries are quite popular with Peruvians. One may find Peruvians standing in line in almost every bakery waiting for freshly baked white bread from 6 to 9 am and from 4 to 6 pm. The majority of Peruvians tend to eat bread for breakfast along with coffee or tea. Almost all bread in Peru, with the exception of baguettes, is fortified with added fats, such as lard. Whole wheat bread is extremely hard to find in the major cities, but more common (and often cheaper) in rural towns. Many bakeries sell white bread sprinkled with <a href="/wiki/Bran" title="Bran">bran</a> for health conscious customers as whole wheat flour is extremely hard to find. However, even this bread is often heavily fortified with lard, shortening or butter. Authentic whole wheat bread is imported from Europe and sold at upscale grocery stores. A few coastal cities bakeries produce "bollos," which are loaves of bread baked in stone and wood-ovens from the Andes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anticucho" title="Anticucho">Anticuchos</a> are brochettes made from beef heart <a href="/wiki/Marinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinate">marinated</a> in a various Peruvian spices and grilled, often with a side of boiled potato or corn. They are commonly sold by street vendors, but one may find them in creole food restaurants. </p><p>Also frequently sold by street vendors are <a href="/wiki/Tamale" title="Tamale">tamales</a>: boiled corn with meat or cheese and wrapped in a banana leaf. They are similar to <i>humitas</i>, which consist of corn mixed with spices, sugar, onions, filled with pork and olives and finally wrapped in the leaves of corn husks. Tamales are a common breakfast food, often served with lime and "Salsa Criolla" which is a mixture of thinnly sliced raw red onion, ají peppers, cilantro and lime juice. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papa_a_la_huancaina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Papa_a_la_huancaina.jpg/220px-Papa_a_la_huancaina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Papa_a_la_huancaina.jpg/330px-Papa_a_la_huancaina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Papa_a_la_huancaina.jpg/440px-Papa_a_la_huancaina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption>Papa a la huancaina (Huancayo-style potatoes)</figcaption></figure> <p>Another favorite food found in many restaurants is <a href="/wiki/Papa_a_la_huancaina" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa a la huancaina">Papa a la huancaina</a> (Huancayo-style potatoes), a dish consisting of sliced boiled potatoes, served on a bed of lettuce with a slightly spicy cheese sauce with olives. The dish is cheap to make and uses ingredients that are readily available in Peru, yet it has complex flavours and textures so is very popular with chefs in restaurants in Peru. This combination of being cheap to make, yet favored by chefs, has helped Papa a la Huancaina become popular across all classes of Peruvian society.<sup id="cite_ref-Peru_Food_&_Drink_Guide_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peru_Food_&_Drink_Guide-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the dish is from <a href="/wiki/Huancayo" title="Huancayo">Huancayo</a>, a city in Peru. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacu-tacu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tacu-tacu (page does not exist)">Tacu-tacu</a>: Mixture of beans, rice and a fried egg, on top of breaded or pan-fried steak and an Salsa Criolla. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Papa_rellena" title="Papa rellena">Papa rellena</a> (stuffed potato): mashed potatoes stuffed with ground (minced) meat, eggs, olives and various spices and then deep fried. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arroz_tapado" class="mw-redirect" title="Arroz tapado">Arroz tapado</a> (covered rice): uses the same stuffing of papa rellena, but rather than used as a stuffing, it is accompanied by rice. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pollo_a_la_Brasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollo a la Brasa">Pollo a la Brasa</a> (Peruvian-flavored <a href="/wiki/Rotisserie_chicken" title="Rotisserie chicken">rotisserie</a> or roaster chicken): is one of the most consumed foods in Peru. It is roasted chicken marinated in a marinade that includes various Peruvian ingredients, baked in hot ashes or on a spit-roast. The origins of the recipe for this dish date back to Lima, the capital of Peru, during the 1950s. Two Swiss citizens who were Peruvian residents, Roger Shuler and Franz Ulrich, invented and registered the patent (1950) for the machine to cook the chicken on the grill, a mechanical system of planetary rotation in that the chickens rotating on its axis and over a central axis, simultaneously. The dish comes with French fried potatoes, salad and various creams (Peruvian mayonnaise, ketchup, olive sauce, chimichurri and aji (chili) sauces of all kinds). There are many famous brands of "Pollo a la Brasa" restaurants in Peru and particularly in Lima, the most famous and popular being Hikari, Norky's, Roky's, Pardo's, and La Leña. </p><p><i>Sancochado</i> is a hearty beef and vegetable broth that includes <i>yuca</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>) and potatoes. </p><p>A local staple is <a href="/wiki/Lomo_Saltado" class="mw-redirect" title="Lomo Saltado">Lomo Saltado</a>, also known as saltadito. Sliced beef (tenderloin or in Spanish "lomo") is stir-fried with, garlic, cumin powder, tomato and Spanish onion and fried-mixed with already fried French cut potatoes, coriander and parsley and accompanied with white rice. Salt and black pepper is also added to taste. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Arroz_con_pollo" title="Arroz con pollo">Arroz con pollo</a></i>, or rice with chicken, is enjoyed for its rich-flavored rice combined with chicken. </p><p><i>Chupe de pescado</i> or fish cioppino is popular in Lima and along the coast. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puesto_de_comida,_calle_Jir%C3%B3n_Ancash,_Lima,_Per%C3%BA,_2015-07-28,_DD_80.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Puesto_de_comida%2C_calle_Jir%C3%B3n_Ancash%2C_Lima%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-28%2C_DD_80.JPG/220px-Puesto_de_comida%2C_calle_Jir%C3%B3n_Ancash%2C_Lima%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-28%2C_DD_80.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Puesto_de_comida%2C_calle_Jir%C3%B3n_Ancash%2C_Lima%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-28%2C_DD_80.JPG/330px-Puesto_de_comida%2C_calle_Jir%C3%B3n_Ancash%2C_Lima%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-28%2C_DD_80.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Puesto_de_comida%2C_calle_Jir%C3%B3n_Ancash%2C_Lima%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-28%2C_DD_80.JPG/440px-Puesto_de_comida%2C_calle_Jir%C3%B3n_Ancash%2C_Lima%2C_Per%C3%BA%2C_2015-07-28%2C_DD_80.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4405" data-file-height="3399" /></a><figcaption>Street food stand in the center of Lima.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Lima butter bean salad</i> is a salad made with Lima butter beans (called <i>pallares</i> in Perú), cooked whole, cooled, and mixed with a mixture of onion, tomato, and green ají, marinated in lime juice, oil, salt, and vinegar. Lima butter beans (<i>pallares</i>) have been part of the Peruvian cuisine for at least 6,000 years. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Butifarras" class="mw-redirect" title="Butifarras">Butifarras</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/butifarra_(s%C3%A1ndwich)" class="extiw" title="es:butifarra (sándwich)">es</a>; <a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/butifarra_(entrep%C3%A0)" class="extiw" title="ca:butifarra (entrepà)">ca</a>]</span></i>, also known as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamon_del_Pais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamon del Pais (page does not exist)">Jamon del Pais</a></i>, is a sandwich with "Peruvian ham", sliced onions, sliced chili peppers, lime, salt, pepper, oil, in a white bread roll. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Causa_lime%C3%B1a" title="Causa limeña">Causa</a></i>, in its basic form, is a mashed yellow potato dumpling mixed with key lime, onion, chili and oil. Varieties can have avocado, chicken, tuna or even shellfish added to the mixture. Also, causa is popular in Lima, where it is distinguished by the name <i>Causa Limeña</i>. Causa is usually served cold with hard boiled eggs and olives. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Carapulcra" title="Carapulcra">Carapulcra</a></i> is an appetizing stewed dish of pork and chicken, dried potatoes, red chilis, peanuts and cumin. The version from the Afro-Peruvian Ica region uses fresh potatoes. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Empanada" title="Empanada">Empanadas</a></i> (meat turnovers) were introduced by the Spanish during the colonial period, and later modified, possibly due to lack of Spanish ingredients (olive oil, codfish, smoked paprika, etc.). In Peru, they are filled either with chicken, beef, or cheese. Olives, and sometimes hard boiled eggs and raisins gives them a unique taste. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%AD_de_gallina" title="Ají de gallina">Ají de gallina</a></i> (chili chicken or Peruvian creamed chicken) consists of thin strips of chicken served with a creamy yellow and spicy sauce, made with <i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_baccatum" title="Capsicum baccatum">ají amarillo</a></i> (Peruvian yellow chilis), cheese, milk, bread. Occasionally <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a> are added on special occasions or at upscale restaurants due to its prohibitive cost in Peru. Traditionally the meat is from non-laying hens, but today almost exclusively made from more tender chickens. </p><p><i>Escabeche criollo</i> (pickled fish): "Escabeche" when the word is used alone normally refers to fish escabeche. Other varieties can use duck or chicken. The escabeche dishes rely in the cooking on the heavy use of vinegar and onions together with other spices and chili. </p><p>Cau cau is a meal consisting of <i>mondongo</i> or <a href="/wiki/Tripe" title="Tripe">tripe</a> stew and accompanied by rice. There are a number of versions of Cau-Cau, as it is a style of cooking a choice protein. Two noteworthy styles are the creole style simply called Tripe Cau-Cau, and the Italian-Peruvian style. Creole style is made with strips of previously cooked tripe, seasoned with a mixture of sauteed onions, garlic, yellow aji, a pinch of turmeric, salt and pepper and cubes of boiled potatoes. The mixture is cooked together to blend the flavors and acquire consistency. It is then sprinkled with mint. Some add vinegar for added flavor before serving. The other common version is the Italian-Peruvian style. It consists of strips of precooked tripe sauteed with red onions, peeled tomatoes, tomato paste and dried mushrooms, usually Porcini. After the flavors combine, it is seasoned with parsley and mixed with fried potato just prior to serving. Some chefs add a few tablespoons of wine or pisco following the sauteeing. </p><p><i>Chicharrones</i> is salted pork deep-fried in its own fat. There are at least two kinds of chicharrones: pork skins, a country style ribs that are first boiled, then rendered in their own fat until they brown into chicharrones. Other types of chicharrones including deep fried squid, and other seafoods. They can be served at any time of day, including breakfast. </p><p>The cuisine of the <i>northern coast</i> offers a difference in style from the central and southern varieties. This is not only due to the coastal native Indian influence (less Andean), the Spanish influence, and the African; but also to the warmer coastal seas, hotter climate and immense geographical latitude variety. </p><p>The widely different climates between Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Cajamarca and San Martin contributes to the variety of dishes in these areas. </p><p>Northern style dishes: </p><p>Seco de Cabrito (goat stew, often substituted by lamb, chicken, or beef) is made in a pot after marinating in <a href="/wiki/Chicha_de_jora" title="Chicha de jora">chicha de jora</a> (corn beer) and spices including <a href="/wiki/Cilantro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilantro">cilantro</a> and garlic. This dish is most popular in the northern coast especially in <a href="/wiki/Cajamarca" title="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lambayeque,_Peru" title="Lambayeque, Peru">Lambayeque</a>. </p><p>Seco de Chavelo (typically from <a href="/wiki/Catacaos" title="Catacaos">Catacaos</a> - <a href="/wiki/Piura" title="Piura">Piura</a>) is a type of seco that is made of cecina stewed and dried meat that has been clotted and dried along with bananas, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">yuca</a>, aji panca (<a href="/wiki/Capsicum_chinense" title="Capsicum chinense">Capsicum chinense</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Clarito" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarito">Clarito</a> (from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chicha_de_Jora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chicha de Jora (page does not exist)">Chicha de Jora</a> the Piurano style). </p><p>Cebiche de Conchas Negras (<i>ceviche</i> with black shells) is a dish of <a href="/wiki/Piura" title="Piura">Piura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tumbes_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumbes (city)">Tumbes</a> is also popular along the southern coast of <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> as the territory previously was under Ecuadorian jurisdiction. In this version of ceviche, the seafood used in the dish should be black <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clams</a> accompanied by toasted corn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andes">Andes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Andes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpaca_en_salsa_de_aguaymanto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alpaca_en_salsa_de_aguaymanto.JPG/220px-Alpaca_en_salsa_de_aguaymanto.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alpaca_en_salsa_de_aguaymanto.JPG/330px-Alpaca_en_salsa_de_aguaymanto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alpaca_en_salsa_de_aguaymanto.JPG/440px-Alpaca_en_salsa_de_aguaymanto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="1830" /></a><figcaption>Alpaca with aguaymanto sauce</figcaption></figure> <p>In the valleys and plains of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, the diet is still a traditional one based on corn (<i>maíz</i>), potatoes, and an assortment of tubers. Meat comes from indigenous animals like <a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">alpacas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">guinea pigs</a>, but also from imported livestock like <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swine" class="mw-redirect" title="Swine">swine</a>. </p><p>As with many <a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> cultures, most of the more elaborate dishes were reserved for festivities, while daily meals were simple affairs. Nowadays, festive dishes are consumed every day by urban dwellers, while rural diets tend to be light on meat and heavy on <i>lahua</i> gruel. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pachamanca" title="Pachamanca">pachamanca</a> is a distinctive Peruvian dish. Cooked all over the Andean region of Peru, it is made from a variety of meats (including pork and beef), herbs, and a variety of vegetables that are slowly cooked underground on a bed of heated stones. Because of its tedious preparation it is normally only made for celebrations or festivals in the Andes, though recent years have seen the appearance of many "campestre" restaurants in rural areas outside Lima, such as in <a href="/wiki/Cieneguilla" title="Cieneguilla">Cieneguilla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andean cooking's main freshwater fish is the <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, raised in fisheries in the region. </p><p>Cuy: Guinea pig, which is often served whole, or the meat can be used as filling for foods such as tacos and ravioli.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox_Hall-2020_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox_Hall-2020-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cuy chactado</i>: A dish more popular in the highlands is this meal of fried <a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">guinea pig</a>. Often the indigenous women of the Peruvian Andes will raise the guinea pigs in their huts. Besides the use of guinea pigs as separate meals, they are often cooked in a <a href="/wiki/Pachamanca" title="Pachamanca">Pachamanca</a> with other meats and vegetables. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Olluquito_con_charqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Olluquito con charqui">Olluquito con charqui</a></i> is another traditional Andean dish. Olluco is a yellowish tuber (<i><a href="/wiki/Ullucus_tuberosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ullucus tuberosus">Ullucus tuberosus</a></i>) domesticated by pre-Inca populations, and is visually similar to colorful small Andean potatoes, but with a distinct crunchy texture when cooked. <i>Charqui</i> is the technique employed in the Andean highlands to cure meat by salting, then dehydration (the word "jerky" in English is derived from this Andean (<a href="/wiki/Quechuan_languages" title="Quechuan languages">Quechuan</a>) word). The dish is a stew of finely diced ollucos with charqui pieces (traditionally alpaca, or less frequently llama meat, though today it is also very commonly made from sheep), served with white rice. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Rocoto_relleno" title="Rocoto relleno">Rocoto relleno</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a> dish made from stuffed <a href="/wiki/Rocoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocoto">rocoto</a> chilis. Rocotos are one of the very hot (spicy) chilis of Peru. In this dish they are stuffed with spiced beef or pork, onions, olives, and egg white, then cooked in the oven with potatoes covered with cheese and milk. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Tocosh" title="Tocosh">Tocosh</a></i> or <i>Togosh</i> is a traditional Quechua food prepared from fermented potato pulp. </p><p><i>Puka Pikanti</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho" title="Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a> dish made from white potatoes, beets, yellow chili pepper, mint, and peanuts. </p><p>In Peruvian restaurants, steak is commonly served with rice rather than fries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazon">Amazon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Amazon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naturally, <a href="/wiki/Amazonian_cuisine" title="Amazonian cuisine">Amazonian cuisine</a> is made using the products local to the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>. Although many animal species are hunted for food in the biologically diverse jungle, standouts are the <a href="/wiki/Arapaima" title="Arapaima">paiche</a> (one of the world's largest freshwater fish), prepared in variety of dishes; many other types of fish like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamitana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamitana (page does not exist)">gamitana</a>, sabalo (<i><a href="/wiki/Salminus_hilarii" class="mw-redirect" title="Salminus hilarii">Salminus hilarii</a></i>, see <i><a href="/wiki/Salminus" title="Salminus">Salminus</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Tucunare" class="mw-redirect" title="Tucunare">tucunare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boquichico" class="mw-redirect" title="Boquichico">boquichico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parona_signata" class="mw-redirect" title="Parona signata">palometa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagre_(fish)" title="Bagre (fish)">bagre</a>, and many others including the <a href="/wiki/Piranha" title="Piranha">piranha</a>, that are prepared in variety of dishes such as "timbuche" (soup) or "patarashca" (grilled in vegetables); many types of <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtles</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Geochelone_denticulata" class="mw-redirect" title="Geochelone denticulata">motelo</a> (land turtle), and the <a href="/wiki/Podocnemis" title="Podocnemis">charapa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Podocnemis" title="Podocnemis">taricaya</a> (river turtles). Hunting turtles is prohibited in Peru, therefore turtle-based dishes are scarce and expensive and not sold <i>à la carte</i> in restaurants. Other animals include the majas, the <a href="/wiki/Sajino" class="mw-redirect" title="Sajino">sajino</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Agouti" title="Agouti">agouti</a> and jungle mammals, which are called collectively "carne de monte".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Black_caiman" title="Black caiman">black caiman</a> is also considered a delicacy, but its hunt is forbidden under Peruvian law. </p><p>Among the fruits of Peru's jungle is the <a href="/wiki/Camu_camu" class="mw-redirect" title="Camu camu">camu camu</a>, which contains 40 times more <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a> than the <a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwifruit</a>. Non-native fruits such as <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Star apple">star apple</a> are also in abundance, as well as other jungle fruits like, mammee apple, <a href="/wiki/Cherimoya" title="Cherimoya">cherimoya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanabana" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanabana">guanabana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senna_obtusifolia" title="Senna obtusifolia">taperiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theobroma_grandiflorum" title="Theobroma grandiflorum">copoazu</a>, dry fruits like the <a href="/wiki/Mauritia_flexuosa" title="Mauritia flexuosa">aguaje</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oenocarpus_bataua" title="Oenocarpus bataua">hungurahui</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Juane" title="Juane">Juane</a> is rice seasoned with turmeric, and chicken wrapped with <i><a href="/wiki/Calathea_lutea" title="Calathea lutea">bijao</a></i> leaves. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chapo_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapo (beverage)">Chapo</a> is a beverage made with sweet plantain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_regional_dishes">Other regional dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other regional dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ocopa_(Peru).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ocopa_%28Peru%29.JPG/220px-Ocopa_%28Peru%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ocopa_%28Peru%29.JPG/330px-Ocopa_%28Peru%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Ocopa_%28Peru%29.JPG/440px-Ocopa_%28Peru%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1942" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Ocopa</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Chalona</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Ch%27arki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ch'arki">charqui</a></i> is a cured dried meat originally obtained from <a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">alpaca</a>. It is also eaten in Bolivia, and was eaten by the Indigenous peoples on the coast and in the highlands of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> before the arrival of the Spaniards. Today, <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a> is often substituted for alpaca meat. It is used as an ingredient in a variety of dishes of the <a href="/wiki/Puno" title="Puno">Puno</a> region, <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a>. It is prepared using recently cured lamb, in which furrows are made with a knife, so the salt can penetrate. Salt penetration is important, because it determines how long the cured meat lasts. The meat is left to dry in the sun and cold nights for almost one month. </p><p><i>Chairo</i>: A traditional soup of the <a href="/wiki/Puno" title="Puno">Puno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a> regions. Its origins have been traced to the Collan Indians who live in the Andes of Bolivia and southern Peru. The soup consists of black <i><a href="/wiki/Chu%C3%B1o" title="Chuño">chuño</a></i>, <i>aji panca</i> (red chili pepper), <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potatoes</a>, sheep tripe and <i>chalona</i>. </p><p><i>Ocopa</i>: A dish with some similarities to <i>papas a la huancaina</i>. It consists of boiled and sliced yellow potatoes covered with a sauce of made of <i>aji</i> (chili pepper), the Peruvian herb <i><a href="/wiki/Tagetes_minuta" title="Tagetes minuta">Tagetes minuta</a></i> (called <i><a href="/wiki/Huacatay" class="mw-redirect" title="Huacatay">huacatay</a></i>; the herb gives it a vivid green color), ground peanuts, and fresh or white cheese, with sides of lettuce, boiled eggs and olives. At expensive restaurants walnuts are often added, but this is seldom done in Peruvian homes due to the prohibitive cost of walnuts in Peru. The name <i>ocopa</i> is also used to refer to the hot sauce by itself.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Copús</i> is one of the best-known dishes of <a href="/wiki/Piura" title="Piura">Piura</a>. Its ingredients are ripe fried bananas, <i>camotes</i> (sweet potatoes), and seasoned hen, turkey, goat, and mutton. The meat is cooked in a furnace under the ground; this method is different from using a <a href="/wiki/Pachamanca" title="Pachamanca">pachamanca</a> since the furnace is covered with blankets and clay. </p><p><i>Yuca chupe</i> or cassava soup is one of the variations in which the Peruvians enjoy <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a>. </p><p>Currently, <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">ostrich</a> meat is being raised on farms in <a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a>, although its consumption is not widespread and limited to urban areas. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Sangrecita" title="Sangrecita">Sangrecita</a></i>: A dish of cooked chicken blood seasoned with garlic, onion, chilli and herbs and commonly served with potatoes, sweet potatoes or cassava. </p><p><i>Crema de tarwi</i> (tarwi soup): <a href="/wiki/Tarwi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarwi">Tarwi</a> is a vegetable native to the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. In addition to its use in soup, tarwi is used in much of Peruvian cuisine, including <i>sancochado</i>. Fresh tarwi can be used in stews, purees, sauces, desserts and in a variation of cebiche. In some areas, locals call it <i>chocho</i>. Its cultivation has recently expanded to all the countries of the Andean region. In Peru, it is principally grown in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Cajamarca" title="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancash" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancash">Ancash</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mantaro_Valley" title="Mantaro Valley">Mantaro Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayacucho" title="Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Puno" title="Puno">Puno</a>. </p><p>Tarwi can also be found in beverages (such as papaya juice with tarwi flour). Tarwi has been shown to have a higher vegetable protein content than <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soy</a>. In pre-Incan and Incan times, it was an important part of the mostly vegetarian diet of the region. It was consumed with small quantities of meat and dried fish, providing an abundant source of protein for the population. Tarwi seeds have been found in <a href="/wiki/Nazca_culture" title="Nazca culture">Nazca</a> tombs and in representations of <a href="/wiki/Tiahuanaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiahuanaco">Tiahuanaco</a> ceramics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chifa"><i>Chifa</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chifa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Chifa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lomo_Saltado,_Lima,_Peru.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lomo_Saltado%2C_Lima%2C_Peru.JPG/220px-Lomo_Saltado%2C_Lima%2C_Peru.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lomo_Saltado%2C_Lima%2C_Peru.JPG/330px-Lomo_Saltado%2C_Lima%2C_Peru.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lomo_Saltado%2C_Lima%2C_Peru.JPG/440px-Lomo_Saltado%2C_Lima%2C_Peru.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Lomo saltado</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Chifa</i> (from the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> words 吃饭 "chī fàn", meaning "to eat rice") is the Peruvian term for Peruvian-<a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese food</a> (or for a Peruvian-Chinese fusion restaurant). Because many Chinese ingredients are hard to find in Peru, the Chinese modified their cuisine and incorporated many Peruvian elements (mainly Spanish, native and African) into their cuisine, and the popularity of <i>chifa</i> has made it hard to find authentic Chinese cuisine in Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-Scholem_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sweet_dishes_and_desserts">Sweet dishes and desserts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sweet dishes and desserts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfajores.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alfajores.JPG/220px-Alfajores.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alfajores.JPG/330px-Alfajores.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Alfajores.JPG/440px-Alfajores.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Small <a href="/wiki/Alfajor" title="Alfajor">alfajores</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suspiro_de_lime%C3%B1a.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Suspiro_de_lime%C3%B1a.JPG/220px-Suspiro_de_lime%C3%B1a.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Suspiro_de_lime%C3%B1a.JPG/330px-Suspiro_de_lime%C3%B1a.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Suspiro_de_lime%C3%B1a.JPG/440px-Suspiro_de_lime%C3%B1a.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Suspiro a la limeña</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man%C3%A1_del_Per%C3%BA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_del_Per%C3%BA.JPG/220px-Man%C3%A1_del_Per%C3%BA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_del_Per%C3%BA.JPG/330px-Man%C3%A1_del_Per%C3%BA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_del_Per%C3%BA.JPG/440px-Man%C3%A1_del_Per%C3%BA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2556" data-file-height="1178" /></a><figcaption>Maná for Christmas</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Alfajor" title="Alfajor">Alfajores</a></i>: a dessert found in virtually all of Spain's former colonies. It is derived from the versions popular in Spain during the colonial period. The original Spanish recipes, however, have been modified because the original ingredients are expensive in Peru (almonds, honey) or even unobtainable (hazelnuts, lemon rind, coriander seed, etc.). The basic recipe uses a base mix of flour, margarine, and powdered sugar, which is oven-baked. Alfajores consist of two or more layers of this baked pastry, and is usually filled with <a href="/wiki/Manjar_blanco" title="Manjar blanco">manjar blanco</a> (a caramel-colored, sweet, creamy filling made with milk and sugar) </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Turrones" class="mw-redirect" title="Turrones">Turrones</a></i> (or <a href="/wiki/Nougat" title="Nougat">nougat</a>) is another originally Spanish dessert. The original Spanish recipe, which contained ingredients that were rare or expensive in Peru (such as almonds, rose water, orange blossom water, honey) were modified in a variety of ways. One common variety found in Lima is Turrón de Doña Pepa, an anise and honey nougat that is traditionally prepared for the Señor de los Milagros (or <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Miracles" title="Lord of Miracles">Lord of Miracles</a>) religious procession, during October. </p><p>Almost exclusive to the Andes region is the fruit known as <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAcuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúcuma">lúcuma</a>.</i> Lúcuma juice, ice cream, and corresponding lúcuma shakes are very popular throughout Peru. Lúcuma ice cream can normally only be found in large US cities (typically in Peruvian restaurants). One popular brand of ice cream in Peru is <a href="/wiki/D%27Onofrio_(brand)" title="D'Onofrio (brand)">D'Onofrio</a>, which is owned by <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Arroz con leche</a></i> (rice pudding): Another dessert originally from Spain that can be found in various varieties throughout Latin America. Arroz con leche is one of the more common desserts found in homes and restaurants of modern-day Peru. It consists primarily of cooked rice, cinnamon/nutmeg, raisins, and milk. Rice pudding never has lemon rind as is traditional in the Spanish version. Arroz con leche is usually eaten with Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Mazamorra" title="Mazamorra">Mazamorra</a> (jelly-like clove-flavored dessert).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Helados</i> (ice cream): The most common ice cream flavors found in Peru are lucuma, chocolate, vanilla and strawberry. Some more exotic flavors such as <i><a href="/wiki/Camu_camu" class="mw-redirect" title="Camu camu">camu camu</a></i>, <i>guaraná</i> and <a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">prickly pear</a> can occasionally be found. For other commonly available flavors, however, one needs to purchase imported ice-cream as many of the ingredients are not available in Peru. Peru is one of few countries in the world where the third most popular ice-cream (after vanilla and chocolate) is not strawberry, it is in fact the "nutty" flavored, orange colored <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAcuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúcuma">lúcuma</a>,</i> which is an exotic fruit grown in quantity only in Peru, and only in recent years being exported in very limited quantities as an exotic flavor (for ice cream and savory sauces) to the US, and available in Europe essentially in food shows. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Mazamorra" title="Mazamorra">Mazamorra</a> morada</i>: Is a jelly-like <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">clove</a>-flavored dessert. It takes on the color of one of its main ingredients: purple maize. A variety of purple corn (maíz morado) that only grows in Peru adds color to the water it's boiled in, along with <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a> <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">cloves</a>. When the water cools, chopped fruit, key lime and sugar are added. The mixture is served as a beverage called "<a href="/wiki/Chicha_morada" title="Chicha morada">chicha morada</a>". </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Picarones" title="Picarones">Picarones</a></i>: a sweet, ring-shaped fritter with a pumpkin base; often served with a molasses syrup. Picarones were created during the colonial period to replace the Spanish dessert <a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelos</a>, as buñuelos were too expensive to make (They had an egg custard filling) and some ingredients were unavailable (lemon rinds). Peruvian Picarones are made of squash or pumpkin dough and sweetened with chancaca, raw cane sugar melted into a syrup. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Teja_(confectionery)" title="Teja (confectionery)">Tejas</a></i>: another modified Spanish dessert. The original Spanish version contained ingredients that were prohibitively expensive in Peru, such as almonds. The Peruvian version of this candy is filled with <a href="/wiki/Manjar_blanco" title="Manjar blanco">manjar blanco</a> and coated with a <a href="/wiki/Fondant_icing" title="Fondant icing">fondant</a>-like shell. Some are also made with a chocolate shell (chocoteja). </p><p><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_milk_candy" title="King Kong milk candy">King Kong</a>: is made of cookies (made from <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>), filled with milk candy, some pineapple sweet and in some cases peanuts, with cookies within its layers. It is sold in one-half and one kilogram sizes. It is known as part of the culture of <a href="/wiki/Lambayeque_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambayeque Region">Lambayeque Region</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Suspiro_a_la_Lime%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspiro a la Limeña">Suspiro a la Limeña</a></i>: Is another Spanish-influenced dessert that uses <a href="/wiki/Dulce_de_leche" title="Dulce de leche">dulce de leche</a>, which derives from the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Blancmange" title="Blancmange">Blancmange</a>. The bottom layer is made of dulce de leche enriched with egg yolks. The top layer consists of meringue made with port wine. This classic criollo dessert is said to have been named by the famous Peruvian poet and author José Gálvez whose wife doña Amparo Ayarez was famous for her cooking. When asked what inspired the name, he reportedly replied, "Because it is soft and sweet, like the sigh of a woman." In this case, it would be a woman from Lima, a <i>Limeña</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Panet%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Panetón">Panetón</a>: is a type of sweet bread with dried fruit. It is usually served for breakfast around Christmas with a cup of hot chocolate. They used to come in big boxes only with huge panetóns inside but now they also sell personal portions. Chocotón is variety of panetón that replaces the fruit with chocolate bits. The bread is very light and sweet. Because Christmas is the hottest time of year, people often replace the hot chocolate with coffee or a drink that's served cold. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Flan_de_leche" class="mw-redirect" title="Flan de leche">Flan de leche</a> is also a very popular dish. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sopaipilla" title="Sopaipilla"><i>Cachanga</i></a>: Also known as a sopaipilla, sopapilla, sopaipa. This dessert is a kind of fried pastry and a type of quick bread that is usually prepared during breakfast time and contains cinnamon in its recipe. It is traditionally made from leavened wheat dough (or a mixture of wheat flour and masa harina) to which some shortening such as butter is added. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beverages">Beverages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Beverages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bottle_and_glass_of_inca_kola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bottle_and_glass_of_inca_kola.jpg/220px-Bottle_and_glass_of_inca_kola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bottle_and_glass_of_inca_kola.jpg/330px-Bottle_and_glass_of_inca_kola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bottle_and_glass_of_inca_kola.jpg/440px-Bottle_and_glass_of_inca_kola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Inca Kola</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisco_Sour_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Pisco_Sour_2.jpg/220px-Pisco_Sour_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Pisco_Sour_2.jpg/330px-Pisco_Sour_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Pisco_Sour_2.jpg/440px-Pisco_Sour_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="3082" /></a><figcaption>Pisco Sour</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soft_drinks">Soft drinks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Soft drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most commonly encountered soft drinks in Peru are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicha_morada" title="Chicha morada">Chicha morada</a></i>: a clove-flavored beverage prepared from a base of boiled purple maize and a generous amount of powdered <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">cloves</a>, to which <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a> are added as it cools. Occasionally chunks of pineapple are added. The taste is reminiscent of old-fashioned clove-flavored candy. <a href="/wiki/Chicha_de_jora" title="Chicha de jora">Chicha de jora</a> is a beer made with corn (see below)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inca_Kola" title="Inca Kola">Inca Kola</a></i>: a <a href="/wiki/Lemon_verbena" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon verbena">lemon verbena</a> flavored soda (<i>verbena de limon</i>), which is a cultural icon, served from the most humble to the most exclusive tables nationwide. Yellow in color, it is very sweet (with a candy-like taste). <i>Inca Kola</i> beat out Coca-Cola in Peruvian sales, the only other national beverage apart from <a href="/wiki/Irn-Bru" title="Irn-Bru">Irn-Bru</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sun2017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to beat Coca-Cola in the world. This is mainly due to nationalism prevalent among Peruvians, and an advertising campaign that capitalized on the fact that Inca Kola is a Peruvian product. In 1997, however, Coca-Cola acquired 49 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Kola" title="Inca Kola">Inca Kola</a> company. Although exported to various countries, Inca Kola has not enjoyed major success elsewhere.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kola_Inglesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kola Inglesa">Kola Inglesa</a></i>: a <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherry</a>-flavored red soda introduced in 1912 by its English creator, Erin Stone.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kola_Escocesa" title="Kola Escocesa">Kola Escocesa</a></i>: a purple soda, traditional in the city of <a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a>. The beverage has been produced since the 1950s using <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral water</a>.</li></ul> <p>Less common are: </p> <ul><li><i>Refresco de <a href="/wiki/Camu_camu" class="mw-redirect" title="Camu camu">camu camu</a></i>: <i>Refrescos</i> are juices of various flavours mixed with water and sugar and often served with the set menu of the day at smaller restaurants. Besides camu camu, there are more common flavours such as orange. Pure juices, such as orange juice or grape juice, are seldom encountered in Peru due to their expense.</li> <li><i>Té de <a href="/wiki/Uncaria_tomentosa" title="Uncaria tomentosa">uña de gato</a></i>: a tea made from a plant from the Amazon, cat's claw (<i>Uncaria tomentosa</i>), which is consumed for its supposed healing or medicinal properties.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcoholic_drinks">Alcoholic drinks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Alcoholic drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></i>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a>, is the national drink of Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It originated during the colonial period as a cheaper substitute for the Spanish liquor known as <a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">orujo</a>. Nevertheless, orujo is a product made from the spoils of wine production. Pisco uses fresh grapes like wine-making. This <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">distilled beverage</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> is produced in various regions of the country. <a href="/wiki/Pisco_sour" title="Pisco sour">Pisco Sour</a> is a cocktail made from <i>pisco</i> combined with lime juice, egg white and simple syrup. Chilcano<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also made with Pisco. <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">Wines</a> come from many different regions of the country, most notably from the <a href="/wiki/Ica_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ica Region">Ica Region</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a>, as in many countries, is popular at all levels of society. Local brands include Pilsen Callao and Cristal. Other regional beers are Arequipeña, Cusqueña and Pilsen Trujillo from <a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cuzco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trujillo,_Peru" title="Trujillo, Peru">Trujillo</a> respectively; though <a href="/wiki/Backus_and_Johnston" class="mw-redirect" title="Backus and Johnston">Cuzqueña</a> is popular nationwide and is exported worldwide. A common beer-drinking ritual among many Peruvian men involves a group sharing one glass. The party holding the bottle waits for the prior person to drink from the glass before receiving that glass, filling it and passing the bottle on to the next in line. While this custom is more common among men of lower classes of society, people of higher social status, particularly youth and occasionally women, take part in this custom for fun. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chicha_de_jora" title="Chicha de jora">Chicha de jora</a> is another well-known drink, based on different varieties of fermented <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> and different aromatic <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herbs</a>, depending on the region of the country. Its consumption is mostly limited to the Andes area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_2">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The presence of the various altitudinal floors of the Andes mountain range in Peru and its proximity to the geographical equator allows the existence of a series of microclimates and species, from areas of usual snowfall to tropical forests; With 84 of the 104 climatic zones on the globe, it is one of the 12 countries in the world with the greatest mega-diversity. It has suitable conditions for growing fruits and vegetables throughout the year. Likewise, the Humboldt Current of cold oceanic waters that run through the Pacific Ocean off the Peruvian coast allows the existence of a great variety of fish and shellfish (Peru is one of the main fishing countries in the world). </p><p>Peru is a diverse country and that can be reflected in its food. Both immigration and the Spanish bringing in slaves from Africa contributed to some of Peru's diversity. In 1527 the Spanish started to bring people from Africa. 30 to 40 percent of Lima, Peru's population was of African descent. Women did domestic work or vended food. African influence played a role in shaping the national food heritage of Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox_Hall-2020_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox_Hall-2020-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A woman named Doña Josefa Marmanillo created turron or Turrón de Doña Pepa. She was an Afro- Peruvian slave who lived in Lima, Peru. Her dessert is eaten during the Señor de los Milagros (Lord of Miracles) feast that is celebrated every October. The month is also known as the purple month because of the procession colors. Another dessert eaten during the celebration is mazamorra morada (purple pudding).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afro-Peruvians were one group that influenced Peru's food history. Marmanillo was skilled at cooking but became paralyzed in her arms. She went to the procession for Señor de los Milagros which means Lord of Miracles. The painting of Christ there was known to lead to miracles and healing. Indigenous artists would sometimes be paid to paint pictures of Christ on churches. After her visit, Marmanillo was healed. To show her gratefulness, she created a dessert called Turrón de Doña Pepa. The dessert had become part of a tradition and is eaten every October in Peru during the Lord of Miracles celebration. The dessert is still eaten today for the celebration. It is one of the world's largest Catholic ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Elias et al (2022),<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the emergence and appearance of Peruvian gastronomy in the international market was produced through a reconversion that combined the local with the foreign. This was based on innovation aimed at enhancing its cuisine by applying international haute cuisine techniques supported by identity, cultural diversity and taking advantage of Peru's biodiversity. </p><p>In an article discussing the connection between food and heritage, cultural anthropologist, M. Cristina Alcalde states, “Food is now charged with Peruvian economic and social development, fast becoming a more attractive national marketing feature than Peru’s iconic Machu Picchu.” Alcaide is highlighting the importance of food in Peru's society. She also states that “Over and over again, Peruvians who returned to Peru and those living abroad referred to Peruvian dish as a source of pride and to their consumption as a way to feel and taste home.” Food can be seen as a form of national identity. Many Peruvians enjoy foods like ceviche, causa, ají de gallina, and lomo saltado.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/48px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/64px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peru" title="Portal:Peru">Peru portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Peruvian_dishes" title="List of Peruvian dishes">List of Peruvian dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean cuisine">Andean cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Peru" title="Tourism in Peru">Tourism in Peru</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chilcano+de+Pisco+-+Peruvian+Brandy+Cocktail+-+Chilcano+de+Pisco+Recipe&rft.pub=Southamericanfood.about.com&rft.date=2012-01-30&rft.au=Marian+Blazes&rft.au=About.com+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsouthamericanfood.about.com%2Fod%2Fdrinks%2Fr%2Fchilcano.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeruvian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peru.travel/en/masperu/turron-de-dona-pepa-sweet-peruvian-tradition">"Turrón de Doña Pepa: sweet Peruvian tradition"</a>. <i>www.peru.travel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Recipes+Project&rft.atitle=Religion+Mixed+with+Food%3A+Turr%C3%B3n+de+Do%C3%B1a+Pepa&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecipes.hypotheses.org%2F14756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeruvian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julio Elías, Alvaro Garcia, Ian Mount, and Maja Schling, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.iadb.org/en/analysis-innovation-perus-gastronomic-industry">"Analysis of Innovation in Peru's Gastronomic Industry"</a> Inter-American Development Bank.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFALCALDE2018" class="citation book cs1">ALCALDE, M. CRISTINA (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctv28685f"><i>Peruvian Lives across Borders: Power, Exclusion, and Home</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5406%2Fj.ctv28685f.9">10.5406/j.ctv28685f.9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-04184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-04184-6"><bdi>978-0-252-04184-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctv28685f">10.5406/j.ctv28685f</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peruvian+Lives+across+Borders%3A+Power%2C+Exclusion%2C+and+Home&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5406%2Fj.ctv28685f%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5406%2Fj.ctv28685f.9&rft.isbn=978-0-252-04184-6&rft.aulast=ALCALDE&rft.aufirst=M.+CRISTINA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5406%2Fj.ctv28685f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeruvian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><i>This article draws heavily on the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastronom%C3%ADa_del_Per%C3%BA" class="extiw" title="es:Gastronomía del Perú">corresponding article</a> in the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portada" class="extiw" title="es:Wikipedia:Portada">Spanish-language Wikipedia</a>, which was accessed in the version of 20 June 2005.</i></li> <li>Platos Peruanos - A.B.C. S.A. Lima. Peru</li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/26/dining/peruvian-cuisine-takes-on-the-world.html">https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/26/dining/peruvian-cuisine-takes-on-the-world.html</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChirif2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chirif, Alberto (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iiap.org.pe/Upload/Publicacion/Folia14_2.pdf">"Biodiversidad amazónica y gastronomía regional"</a> [Amazonian biodiversity and regional gastronomy] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Folia Amazónica</i> (in Spanish). <b>14</b> (2). Iquitos: Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana: 91–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24841%2Ffa.v14i2.148">10.24841/fa.v14i2.148</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1018-5674">1018-5674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folia+Amaz%C3%B3nica&rft.atitle=Biodiversidad+amaz%C3%B3nica+y+gastronom%C3%ADa+regional&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=91-98&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24841%2Ffa.v14i2.148&rft.issn=1018-5674&rft.aulast=Chirif&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iiap.org.pe%2FUpload%2FPublicacion%2FFolia14_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeruvian+cuisine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian_cuisine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Cuisine_of_Peru" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Cuisine of Peru">Cuisine of Peru</a> at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Peru" class="extiw" title="commons:Cuisine of Peru">Cuisine of Peru</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peru.travel/en-us/what-to-do/peru-of-today/food.aspx">Peruvian Gastronomy</a> at Peru's official travel and tourism portal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salkantaytrekmachu.com/en/travel-blog/peruvian-food">Peruvian Gastronomy</a>, one of the most diverse in the world</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_American_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_American_topic" title="Template:South American topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_American_topic" title="Template talk:South American topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_American_topic" 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href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyanese cuisine">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Surinamese cuisine">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Island_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Falkland Island cuisine">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guianese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guianese cuisine">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands cuisine (page does not exist)"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisines" title="Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisines" title="Template talk:Cuisines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_cuisine" title="Maghrebi cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_cuisine" title="West African cuisine">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_cuisines" title="List of African cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Cuisine of the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_cuisine" title="North American cuisine">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_cuisine" title="South American cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cuisine" title="South Asian cuisine">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_cuisines" title="List of Asian cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_cuisine" title="European cuisine">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_cuisine" title="Eastern European cuisine">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cuisines" title="List of European cuisines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Oceanian</a></li> <li>Intercontinental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_cuisine" title="Global cuisine">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">National</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Regional_cuisine" title="Regional cuisine">regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_cuisine" title="California cuisine">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floribbean_cuisine" title="Floribbean cuisine">Floribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowcountry_cuisine" title="Lowcountry cuisine">Lowcountry (South Carolina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Midwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Midwestern United States">Midwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">New English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southern United States">Southern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Southwestern_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Southwestern United States">Southwestern US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texan_cuisine" title="Texan cuisine">Texan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_cuisine" title="Angolan cuisine">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cuisine" title="Argentine cuisine">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_cuisine" title="Azerbaijani cuisine">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_cuisine" title="Bahraini cuisine">Bahraini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_cuisine" title="Barbadian cuisine">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_cuisine" title="Belarusian cuisine">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_cuisine" title="Belgian cuisine">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_cuisine" title="Belizean cuisine">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_cuisine" title="Benin cuisine">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_cuisine" title="Bolivian cuisine">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian-Herzegovinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_cuisine" title="Botswana cuisine">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguillian_cuisine" title="Anguillian cuisine">Anguillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_cuisine" title="Channel Islands cuisine">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_cuisine" title="English cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Gibraltarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Irish_cuisine" title="Northern Irish cuisine">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Helena" title="Cuisine of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_cuisine" title="Bruneian cuisine">Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_cuisine" title="Bulgarian cuisine">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_cuisine" title="Burkinabe cuisine">Burkinabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cuisine" title="Burmese cuisine">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_cuisine" title="Burundian cuisine">Burundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_cuisine" title="Cambodian cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_cuisine" title="Cameroonian cuisine">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Quebec" title="Cuisine of Quebec">Québécois</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cuisine of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_cuisine" title="Chadian cuisine">Chadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_cuisine" title="Chilean cuisine">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_cuisine" title="Beijing cuisine">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_cuisine" title="Cantonese cuisine">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_cuisine" title="Hong Kong cuisine">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_cuisine" title="Macanese cuisine">Macanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_cuisine" title="Sichuan cuisine">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_cuisine" title="Tibetan cuisine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_cuisine" title="Uyghur cuisine">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_cuisine" title="Czech cuisine">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_cuisine" title="Djiboutian cuisine">Djiboutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_cuisine" title="Dutch cuisine">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_East_Timor" title="Cuisine of East Timor">East Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_cuisine" title="Ecuadorian cuisine">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_cuisine" title="Emirati cuisine">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_cuisine" title="Eritrean cuisine">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_cuisine" title="Estonian cuisine">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_cuisine" title="Fijian cuisine">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapampangan_cuisine" title="Kapampangan cuisine">Kapampangan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_cuisine" title="Finnish cuisine">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica" title="Cuisine of Corsica">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Cuisine of Réunion">La Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guianan_cuisine" title="French Guianan cuisine">French Guianan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_cuisine" title="Occitan cuisine">Occitan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_cuisine" title="Gabonese cuisine">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_cuisine" title="Gambian cuisine">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_cuisine" title="Georgian cuisine">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cuisine" title="Ghanaian cuisine">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_cuisine" title="Cretan cuisine">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirotic_cuisine" title="Epirotic cuisine">Epirotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Macedonian_cuisine" title="Greek Macedonian cuisine">Greek Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="Cuisine of the Ionian Islands">Heptanesean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_cuisine" title="Guatemalan cuisine">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissauan_cuisine" title="Guinea-Bissauan cuisine">Guinea-Bissauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guinea" title="Cuisine of Guinea">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_cuisine" title="Honduran cuisine">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_cuisine" title="Icelandic cuisine">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine" title="Arunachali cuisine">Arunachali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cuisine" title="Assamese cuisine">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cuisine" title="Bengali cuisine">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_cuisine" title="Bihari cuisine">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cuisine" title="Chhattisgarhi cuisine">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cuisine" title="Gujarati cuisine">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Haryanvi cuisine">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhandi_cuisine" title="Jharkhandi cuisine">Jharkhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_cuisine" title="Kerala cuisine">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_cuisine" title="Maharashtrian cuisine">Maharashtrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_cuisine" title="Manipuri cuisine">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_cuisine" title="Meghalayan cuisine">Meghalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_cuisine" title="Mizo cuisine">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_cuisine" title="Naga cuisine">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia cuisine">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_cuisine" title="Rajasthani cuisine">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_cuisine" title="Sindhi cuisine">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cuisine" title="Tamil cuisine">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_cuisine" title="Telangana cuisine">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_cuisine" title="Tripuri cuisine">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_cuisine" title="Uttar Pradesh cuisine">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhandi_cuisine" title="Uttarakhandi cuisine">Uttarakhandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_cuisine" title="Acehnese cuisine">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cuisine" title="Balinese cuisine">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_cuisine" title="Banjar cuisine">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_cuisine" title="Batak cuisine">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betawi_cuisine" title="Betawi cuisine">Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorontalo_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorontalo cuisine">Gorontalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_cuisine" title="Indo cuisine">Indo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cuisine" title="Javanese cuisine">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_cuisine" title="Madurese cuisine">Madurese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_cuisine" title="Makassar cuisine">Makassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahasan_cuisine" title="Minahasan cuisine">Minahasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_cuisine" title="Padang cuisine">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang_cuisine" title="Palembang cuisine">Palembangese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_cuisine" title="Sundanese cuisine">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_cuisine" title="Iraqi cuisine">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo" title="Cuisine of Abruzzo">Abruzzese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apulian_cuisine" title="Apulian cuisine">Apulian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria" title="Cuisine of Liguria">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_cuisine" title="Lombard cuisine">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata" title="Cuisine of Basilicata">Lucanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine" title="Piedmontese cuisine">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_cuisine" title="Roman cuisine">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia" title="Cuisine of Sardinia">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_food" title="Tuscan food">Tuscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Veneto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Veneto">Venetian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_cuisine" title="Ivorian cuisine">Ivorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_cuisine" title="Jordanian cuisine">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_cuisine" title="Kazakh cuisine">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyan cuisine">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_cuisine" title="North Korean cuisine">North Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_cuisine" title="South Korean cuisine">South Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_cuisine" title="Kuwaiti cuisine">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_cuisine" title="Kyrgyz cuisine">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_cuisine" title="Lao cuisine">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_cuisine" title="Latvian cuisine">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Lesotho" title="Cuisine of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_cuisine" title="Liberian cuisine">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_cuisine" title="Libyan cuisine">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_cuisine" title="Liechtenstein cuisine">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_cuisine" title="Lithuanian cuisine">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Luxembourg" title="Cuisine of Luxembourg">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_cuisine" title="Malagasy cuisine">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_cuisine" title="Malawian cuisine">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabahan_cuisine" title="Sabahan cuisine">Sabahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawakian_cuisine" title="Sarawakian cuisine">Sarawakian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_cuisine" title="Malian cuisine">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cuisine" title="Maltese cuisine">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_cuisine" title="Marshallese cuisine">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_cuisine" title="Mauritanian cuisine">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_cuisine" title="Mauritian cuisine">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_cuisine" title="Moldovan cuisine">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_cuisine" title="Monégasque cuisine">Monégasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_cuisine" title="Moroccan cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_cuisine" title="Mozambican cuisine">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_cuisine" title="Namibian cuisine">Namibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_cuisine" title="Nepalese cuisine">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_cuisine" title="New Zealand cuisine">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_cuisine" title="Nicaraguan cuisine">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Niger" title="Cuisine of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_cuisine" title="Nigerian cuisine">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuean_cuisine" title="Niuean cuisine">Niuean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_cuisine" title="Omani cuisine">Omani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_cuisine" title="Papua New Guinean cuisine">Papua New Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_cuisine" title="Paraguayan cuisine">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_cuisine" title="Polish cuisine">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_cuisine" title="Qatari cuisine">Qatari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_cuisine" title="Bashkir cuisine">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_cuisine" title="Chechen cuisine">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cuisine" title="Circassian cuisine">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_cuisine" title="Cossack cuisine">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_cuisine" title="Komi cuisine">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovian_cuisine" title="Mordovian cuisine">Mordovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_cuisine" title="Sakha cuisine">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_cuisine" title="Udmurt cuisine">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_cuisine" title="Yamal cuisine">Yamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_cuisine" title="Rwandan cuisine">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine" title="Sammarinese cuisine">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cuisine of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_cuisine" title="Saudi Arabian cuisine">Saudi Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_cuisine" title="Senegalese cuisine">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_cuisine" title="Seychellois cuisine">Seychellois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_cuisine" title="Sierra Leonean cuisine">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_cuisine" title="Slovak cuisine">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cuisine" title="Somali cuisine">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_cuisine" title="Andalusian cuisine">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_cuisine" title="Asturian cuisine">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_cuisine" title="Balearic cuisine">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_cuisine" title="Basque cuisine">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_cuisine" title="Canarian cuisine">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_cuisine" title="Cantabrian cuisine">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_cuisine" title="Extremaduran cuisine">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_cuisine" title="Galician cuisine">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchego_cuisine" title="Manchego cuisine">Manchegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_cuisine" title="Valencian cuisine">Valencian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cuisine" title="Sri Lankan cuisine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_cuisine" title="Sudanese cuisine">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Eswatini" title="Cuisine of Eswatini">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_cuisine" title="Swedish cuisine">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_cuisine" title="Tajik cuisine">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian cuisine">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibari_cuisine" title="Zanzibari cuisine">Zanzibari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_cuisine" title="Togolese cuisine">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_cuisine" title="Tunisian cuisine">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_cuisine" title="Turkmen cuisine">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_cuisine" title="Tuvaluan cuisine">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_cuisine" title="Ugandan cuisine">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cuisine" title="Ukrainian cuisine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_cuisine" title="Uruguayan cuisine">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_cuisine" title="Uzbek cuisine">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatuan_cuisine" title="Vanuatuan cuisine">Vanuatuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Saharan_cuisine" title="Western Saharan cuisine">Western Saharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine" title="Yemeni cuisine">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_cuisine" title="Zambian cuisine">Zambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwean cuisine">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_cuisine" title="Ainu cuisine">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Arab Indonesian cuisine">Arab-Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_cuisine" title="Aromanian cuisine">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuisine" title="Assyrian cuisine">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cuisine" title="Balochi cuisine">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_cuisine" title="Berber cuisine">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_cuisine" title="Buryat cuisine">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Australian Chinese cuisine">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese_cuisine" title="British Chinese cuisine">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Cambodian Chinese cuisine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Chinese_cuisine" title="Filipino Chinese cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Chinese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Chinese cuisine">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Chinese Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Malaysian Chinese cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Chinese_cuisine" title="Pakistani Chinese cuisine">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifa" title="Chifa">Peruvian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_cuisine" title="Crimean Tatar cuisine">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_cuisine" title="Gagauz cuisine">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek-American_cuisine" title="Greek-American cuisine">Greek-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaragi_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi cuisine">Hazaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_cuisine" title="Hmong cuisine">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_cuisine" title="Anglo-Indian cuisine">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indian Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_cuisine" title="Malaysian Indian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Indian_cuisine" title="North Indian cuisine">North Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_cuisine" title="South Indian cuisine">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Indigenous American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_cuisine" title="Livonian cuisine">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_cuisine" title="Ossetian cuisine">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsi_cuisine" title="Parsi cuisine">Parsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Pennsylvania_Dutch" title="Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch">Pennsylvania Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peranakan_cuisine" title="Peranakan cuisine">Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_cuisine" title="Pontic Greek cuisine">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_cuisine" title="Sámi cuisine">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_Saxon_cuisine" title="Transylvanian Saxon cuisine">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yup'ik cuisine">Yup'ik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholic_cuisine" title="Goan Catholic cuisine">Goan Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholic_cuisine" title="Mangalorean Catholic cuisine">Mangalorean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_cuisine" title="Mennonite cuisine">Mennonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_cuisine" title="Chinese Islamic cuisine">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Ital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher food">Kosher food</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_slaughter" title="Ritual slaughter">Ritual slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine" title="Ancient Roman cuisine">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antebellum_America" title="Cuisine of Antebellum America">Antebellum America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_cuisine" title="Aztec cuisine">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_cuisine" title="Byzantine cuisine">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine" title="Early modern European cuisine">Early modern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentine_cuisine" title="History of Argentine cuisine">Historical Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_cuisine" title="History of Chinese cuisine">Historical Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_cuisine" title="History of Indian cuisine">Historical Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_cuisine" title="History of Japanese cuisine">Historical Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_North_Indian_and_Pakistani_foods" title="Origins of North Indian and Pakistani foods">Historical North Indian and Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">History of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="History of alcoholic drinks">History of alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bread" title="History of bread">History of bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_seafood" title="History of seafood">History of seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History of vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuisine" title="Hittite cuisine">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_cuisine" title="Muisca cuisine">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughlai_cuisine" title="Mughlai cuisine">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_cuisine" title="Medieval cuisine">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_foods" title="Peasant foods">Peasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Native cuisine of Hawaii">Pre-contact Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_royal_court_cuisine" title="Korean royal court cuisine">Korean royal court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_the_Scottish_royal_household" title="Food and the Scottish royal household">Scottish royal household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_cuisine" title="Soviet cuisine">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Thirteen_Colonies" title="Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine classique">Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_cuisine" title="Fusion cuisine">Fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_cuisine" title="New American cuisine">New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_cuisine_of_Singapore_and_Malaysia" title="Eurasian cuisine of Singapore and Malaysia">Eurasian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_gastronomy" title="Molecular gastronomy">Molecular gastronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Note_by_Note_cuisine" title="Note by Note cuisine">Note by Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">List of cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_cuisines" title="List of historical cuisines">List of historical cuisines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_foods" title="Lists of foods">Lists of foods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_prepared_foods" title="Lists of prepared foods">Prepared</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cookbook" title="Cookbook">Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culinary_arts" title="Culinary arts">Culinary arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_history" title="Food history">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_food" title="Sociology of food">sociology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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