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vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਨੇਵੀਗੇਸ਼ਨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਢਲੇ ਸਫ਼ੇ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਸੱਥ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5"><span>ਸੱਥ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਹਾਲੀਆ-ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82"><span>ਹਾਲੀਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਹਾਲੀਆ-ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82"><span>ਹਾਲੀਆ ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਬੇਤਰਤੀਬ-ਸਫ਼ਾ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE"><span>ਬੇਤਰਤੀਬ ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਮਦਦ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80"><span>ਮਦਦ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਦਾਨ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-ਵਿਕੀ_ਰੁਝਾਨ" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-ਵਿਕੀ_ਰੁਝਾਨ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਵਿਕੀ ਰੁਝਾਨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-ਵਧੇਰੇ-ਵੇਖੇ-ਜਾਣ-ਵਾਲੇ-ਸਫ਼ੇ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="http://top.hatnote.com/pa/wikipedia" rel="nofollow"><span>ਵਧੇਰੇ ਵੇਖੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਫ਼ੇ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਅਕਸਰ-ਪੁੱਛੇ-ਜਾਣ-ਵਾਲੇ-ਸਵਾਲ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2"><span>ਅਕਸਰ ਪੁੱਛੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਵਾਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-pa.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pa.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ਖੋਜ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" aria-label="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਖੋਜੋ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ਖੋਜੋ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਨਾਂਅ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਨਾਂਅ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਨਾਂਅ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਨਾਂਅ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭੂਗੋਲ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭੂਗੋਲ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਭੂਗੋਲ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਭੂਗੋਲ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਭੂਗੋਲ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਭੂਗੋਲ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਜਲਵਾਯੂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਜਲਵਾਯੂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>ਜਲਵਾਯੂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਜਲਵਾਯੂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਜੈਵਿਕ_ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਜੈਵਿਕ_ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ਜੈਵਿਕ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਜੈਵਿਕ_ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਮਾਂ_ਖੇਤਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਮਾਂ_ਖੇਤਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>ਸਮਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਮਾਂ_ਖੇਤਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਧਰਮ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਧਰਮ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>ਧਰਮ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਧਰਮ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ_ਖੇਤਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ_ਖੇਤਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ ਖੇਤਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ_ਖੇਤਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭਾਸ਼ਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਭਾਸ਼ਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਿੱਖਿਆ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਿੱਖਿਆ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਿੱਖਿਆ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਿਹਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਿਹਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>ਸਿਹਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਿਹਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਕੀ_ਵੰਡ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਕੀ_ਵੰਡ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਕੀ ਵੰਡ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਕੀ_ਵੰਡ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸੈਨਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸੈਨਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>ਸੈਨਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸੈਨਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਕਾਨੂੰਨ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਕਾਨੂੰਨ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਕਾਨੂੰਨ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਮਨੁੱਖੀ_ਅਧਿਕਾਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮਨੁੱਖੀ_ਅਧਿਕਾਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਮਨੁੱਖੀ_ਅਧਿਕਾਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ਅਰਥ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਅਰਥ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਉਤਪਾਦਨ_ਦਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਉਤਪਾਦਨ_ਦਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>ਘਰੇਲੂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਉਤਪਾਦਨ_ਦਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸਨਅਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਨਅਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>ਸਨਅਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਨਅਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਿੱਤੀ_ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਿੱਤੀ_ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>ਵਿੱਤੀ ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਿੱਤੀ_ਕਾਰੋਬਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਯਾਤਾਯਾਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਊਰਜਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਊਰਜਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>ਊਰਜਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਊਰਜਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਖਣਿਜ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਖਣਿਜ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>ਖਣਿਜ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਖਣਿਜ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਪਾਣੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪਾਣੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>ਪਾਣੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਪਾਣੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ_ਅਤੇ_ਤਕਨੀਕ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਿਗਿਆਨ_ਅਤੇ_ਤਕਨੀਕ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਤਕਨੀਕ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ_ਅਤੇ_ਤਕਨੀਕ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ_ਵਪਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ_ਵਪਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.10</span> <span>ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਵਪਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ_ਵਪਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਫੌਜੀ_ਤਾਕਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਫੌਜੀ_ਤਾਕਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>ਫੌਜੀ ਤਾਕਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਫੌਜੀ_ਤਾਕਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਸਾਹਿਤ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸਾਹਿਤ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>ਸਾਹਿਤ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸਾਹਿਤ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭਵਨ_ਨਿਰਮਾਣ_ਕਲਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭਵਨ_ਨਿਰਮਾਣ_ਕਲਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>ਭਵਨ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਕਲਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਭਵਨ_ਨਿਰਮਾਣ_ਕਲਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>ਫੋਟੋ ਗੈਲਰੀ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਫੋਟੋ ਗੈਲਰੀ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਲੋਕ_ਕਲਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਲੋਕ_ਕਲਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>ਲੋਕ ਕਲਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਲੋਕ_ਕਲਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਭੋਜਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਭੋਜਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>ਭੋਜਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਭੋਜਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>ਫੋਟੋ ਗੈਲਰੀ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਫੋਟੋ ਗੈਲਰੀ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਤਿਉਹਾਰ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਤਿਉਹਾਰ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>ਤਿਉਹਾਰ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਤਿਉਹਾਰ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਖੇਡਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਖੇਡਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>ਖੇਡਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਖੇਡਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਮੀਡੀਆ_ਤੇ_ਸਿਨੇਮਾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮੀਡੀਆ_ਤੇ_ਸਿਨੇਮਾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>ਮੀਡੀਆ ਤੇ ਸਿਨੇਮਾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਮੀਡੀਆ_ਤੇ_ਸਿਨੇਮਾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ_ਤੇ_ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ_ਤੇ_ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ ਤੇ ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ_ਤੇ_ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>ਮਸਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਮਸਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਮਸਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਮਸਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਮਸਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਮਸਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਮਸਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਮਸਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>ਬਾਹਰੀ ਮਸਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਮਸਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਚੀਨ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 309 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-309" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">309 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Китаи – ਅਬਖਾਜ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Китаи" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ਅਬਖਾਜ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cineu" title="Cineu – ਅਚੀਨੀ" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Cineu" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ਅਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਅਡਿਗੇ" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="ਅਡਿਗੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China – ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93" title="ቻይና – ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻይና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Popular_de_China" title="Republica Popular de China – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Popular de China" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina_seo_Folclice_Cynewise" title="Cina seo Folclice Cynewise – ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cina seo Folclice Cynewise" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الصين – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%A5%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%A8%DC%9D%DC%A2" title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܥܡܡܝܬܐ ܕܨܝܢ – ਅਰਾਮੀ" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܥܡܡܝܬܐ ܕܨܝܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7" title="الشينوا – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮੋਰਾਕੋ)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الشينوا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮੋਰਾਕੋ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الصين – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الصين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8" title="চীন – ਅਸਾਮੀ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চীন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="República Popular China – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Popular China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਅਵਾਰਿਕ" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="ਅਵਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinia" title="Sinia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Sinia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="जनबादी गणतन्त्र चीन – ਅਵਧੀ" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जनबादी गणतन्त्र चीन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="ਅਵਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markani_Republika_China" title="Markani Republika China – ਅਯਮਾਰਾ" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Markani Republika China" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ਅਯਮਾਰਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡытай Халыҡ Республикаһы – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытай Халыҡ Республикаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – ਬਾਲੀਨੀਜ਼" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਲੀਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97n%C4%97j%C4%97s_Liaud%C4%97is_Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Kėnėjės Liaudėis Respoblėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėnėjės Liaudėis Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina" title="Sina – ਬਤਕ ਤੋਬਾ" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Sina" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="ਬਤਕ ਤੋਬਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਬਿਕਲ" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਬਿਕਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кітай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кітай – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кітай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaena" title="Jaena – ਬਿਸਲਾਮਾ" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jaena" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="ਬਿਸਲਾਮਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripublik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Ripublik Rakyat Cina – ਬੰਜਰ" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ripublik Rakyat Cina" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਜਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ခယ်ႏခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ခယ်ႏခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਬੰਬਾਰਾ" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਬਾਰਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8" title="চীন – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%AD%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – ਤਿੱਬਤੀ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ਤਿੱਬਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8" title="গণচীন – ਬਿਸ਼ਨੂਪਰੀਆ ਮਣੀਪੁਰੀ" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গণচীন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="ਬਿਸ਼ਨੂਪਰੀਆ ਮਣੀਪੁਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Pobl_Sina" title="Republik Pobl Sina – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Pobl Sina" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cino" title="Cino – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Cino" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хитад – ਰੂਸ ਬੁਰਿਆਤ" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хитад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸ ਬੁਰਿਆਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Popular de la Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-hu%C3%A0_%C3%8Cng-m%C3%ACng_G%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3ng-hu%C3%B2-gu%C3%B3k" title="Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók – ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Цийн Халкъан Республика – ਚੇਚਨ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цийн Халкъан Республика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ਚੇਚਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangmasang_Republika_sa_Tsina" title="Pangmasang Republika sa Tsina – ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pangmasang Republika sa Tsina" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਚਮੋਰੋ" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="ਚਮੋਰੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B6%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%A8%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%9B" title="ᏓᎶᏂᎨᏍᏛ – ਚੇਰੋਕੀ" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏓᎶᏂᎨᏍᏛ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ਚੇਰੋਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" title="China (People's Republic of China) – ਛਾਇਆਨ" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="China (People's Republic of China)" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="ਛਾਇਆਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਕੋਰਸੀਕਨ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰਸੀਕਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin – ਕਰੀਮੀਨ ਟਾਟਾਰ" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çin" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="ਕਰੀਮੀਨ ਟਾਟਾਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čína" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84sk%C3%B4_L%C3%ABdow%C3%B4_Rep%C3%B9blika" title="Chińskô Lëdowô Repùblika – ਕਾਸ਼ੂਬੀਅਨ" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chińskô Lëdowô Repùblika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਸ਼ੂਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%A3%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%EA%99%97%D0%BD%D1%94" title="Срѣдинꙗнє – ਚਰਚ ਸਲਾਵੀ" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Срѣдинꙗнє" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="ਚਰਚ ਸਲਾਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Китай Халăх Республики – ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Китай Халăх Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Pobl_Tsieina" title="Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਡਗਬਾਨੀ" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="ਡਗਬਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caina" title="Caina – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Caina" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet%C3%AA_%C5%9Eari%C3%AA_%C3%87ini" title="Cumhuriyetê Şariê Çini – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyetê Şariê Çini" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinska_ludowa_republika" title="Chinska ludowa republika – ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Chinska ludowa republika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="चीन देश – ਡੋਟੇਲੀ" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चीन देश" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="ਡੋਟੇਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6" title="ސީނުކަރަ – ਦਿਵੇਹੀ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސީނުކަރަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ਦਿਵੇਹੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC" title="ཀྲུང་ཀོ – ਜ਼ੋਂਗਖਾ" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཀྲུང་ཀོ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੋਂਗਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਈਵਈ" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ਈਵਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Κίνα – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – ਈਮਿਲੀਅਨੋ-ਰੋਮਾਗਨੋਲੋ" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="ਈਮਿਲੀਅਨੋ-ਰੋਮਾਗਨੋਲੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88inio" title="Ĉinio – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="República Popular China – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Popular China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina" title="Hiina – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinako Herri Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਐਕਸਟਰੀਮਾਡੂਰਨ" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ਐਕਸਟਰੀਮਾਡੂਰਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciina" title="Ciina – ਫੁਲਾਹ" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ciina" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ਫੁਲਾਹ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiina" title="Kiina – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_Rahvavabariik" title="Hiina Rahvavabariik – ਵੋਰੋ" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hiina Rahvavabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਰੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaina_(matanitu)" title="Jaina (matanitu) – ਫ਼ਿਜ਼ੀ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jaina (matanitu)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਿਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਫ਼ੇਰੋਸੇ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ੇਰੋਸੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chine" title="Chine – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8publica_popul%C3%A8ra_de_China" title="Rèpublica populèra de China – ਅਰਪਿਟਨ" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rèpublica populèra de China" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਪਿਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_(st%C3%A2t)" title="Cine (stât) – ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cine (stât)" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina" title="Sina – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sina" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daon-Phoblacht_na_S%C3%ADne" title="Daon-Phoblacht na Síne – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Daon-Phoblacht na Síne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitay_Halk_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Kitay Halk Respublikası – ਗਾਗੌਜ਼" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kitay Halk Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="ਗਾਗੌਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國 – ਚੀਨੀ ਗਾਨ" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="中華人民共和國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਗਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachin" title="Lachin – ਗੂਈਆਨੀਸ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਫਰੈਂਚ" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lachin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="ਗੂਈਆਨੀਸ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਫਰੈਂਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sluagh-phoblachd_na_S%C3%ACne" title="Sluagh-phoblachd na Sìne – ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sluagh-phoblachd na Sìne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" title="República Popular da China – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Popular da China" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="چين – ਗਿਲਾਕੀ" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چين" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="ਗਿਲਾਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADna_Tetar%C3%A3_Ret%C3%A3" title="Chína Tetarã Retã – ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chína Tetarã Retã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – ਗੋਥਿਕ" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="ਗੋਥਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌺𐌹𐌸𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌹𐌸𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="ચીન – ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચીન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਗੰਨ" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="ਗੰਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deynphobblaght_y_%C3%87heen" title="Deynphobblaght y Çheen – ਮੈਂਕਸ" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Deynphobblaght y Çheen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਂਕਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin" title="Sin – ਹੌਸਾ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ਹੌਸਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-f%C3%A0_Ng%C3%ACn-m%C3%ACn_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet – ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਹਵਾਈ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ਹਵਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="הרפובליקה העממית של סין – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה העממית של סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी जनवादी गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin" title="Chin – ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Chin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADna" title="Kína – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kína" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Չինաստան – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Չինաստան – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਰਮੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չինաստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਰਮੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਇਬਾਨ" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ਇਬਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੂਆ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੂਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਇਗਬੋ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ਇਗਬੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saina" title="Saina – ਇਨੂਪੂਆਕ" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Saina" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="ਇਨੂਪੂਆਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina – ਇਲੋਕਾਨੋ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tsina" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ਇਲੋਕਾਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Ченкехье – ਇੰਗੁਸ਼" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ченкехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਗੁਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popul-Republiko_Chinia" title="Popul-Republiko Chinia – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Popul-Republiko Chinia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADna" title="Kína – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B4%E1%90%83%E1%93%87" title="ᓴᐃᓇ – ਇੰਕਟੀਟੂਤ" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓴᐃᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਕਟੀਟੂਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中華人民共和国 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華人民共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiplz_Ripoblik_a_Chaina" title="Piiplz Ripoblik a Chaina – ਜਾਮਾਈਕਨ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piiplz Ripoblik a Chaina" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਮਾਈਕਨ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jungo_ke_prenu_gubyseltru" title="jungo ke prenu gubyseltru – ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jungo ke prenu gubyseltru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Républik Rakyat Cina – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Rakyat Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩინეთი – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay" title="Qıtay – ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qıtay" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="ਕਰਾਕਲਪਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ccinwa" title="Ccinwa – ਕਬਾਇਲ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ccinwa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ਕਬਾਇਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8D_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Хъутей Жылэ Республикэ – ਕਬਾਰਦੀ" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хъутей Жылэ Республикэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="ਕਬਾਰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siini" title="Siini – ਕਾਬੀਏ" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siini" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਬੀਏ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caina" title="Caina – ਟਾਇਪ" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Caina" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਇਪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina" title="Sina – ਕੌਂਗੋ" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Sina" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="ਕੌਂਗੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Қытай – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қытай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="ចិន – ਖਮੇਰ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ਖਮੇਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಚೀನಿ ಜನರ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ – ਕੰਨੜ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಿ ಜನರ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ਕੰਨੜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중화인민공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кина – ਕੋਮੀ-ਪੇਰਮਿਆਕ" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Кина" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਮੀ-ਪੇਰਮਿਆਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Къытай Халкъ Республика – ਕਰਾਚੇ ਬਲਕਾਰ" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къытай Халкъ Республика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ਕਰਾਚੇ ਬਲਕਾਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86" title="چیٖن – ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="چیٖن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%AEn" title="Çîn – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਕੋਮੀ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblek_Werin_China" title="Repoblek Werin China – ਕੋਰਨਿਸ਼" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Repoblek Werin China" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кытай – ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кытай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_popularis_Sinarum" title="Res publica popularis Sinarum – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica popularis Sinarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Popular_Kina" title="Repuvlika Popular Kina – ਲੈਡੀਨੋ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Popular Kina" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ਲੈਡੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleksrepublik_China" title="Volleksrepublik China – ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Volleksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਲਾਕ" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xina" title="Xina – ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Xina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayina" title="Cayina – ਗਾਂਡਾ" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Cayina" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ਗਾਂਡਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinn-a" title="Cinn-a – ਲਿਗੂਰੀਅਨ" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cinn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਗੂਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – ਲਾਡੀਨੋ" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਡੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADna" title="Sína – ਲਿੰਗਾਲਾ" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sína" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຈີນ – ਲਾਓ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຈີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinijos_Liaudies_Respublika" title="Kinijos Liaudies Respublika – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinijos Liaudies Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Ķīna – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Ķīna" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Ķīna – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok – ਮਾਡੂਰੀਸ" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਡੂਰੀਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="जनबादी गणतन्त्र चीन – ਮੈਥਲੀ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जनबादी गणतन्त्र चीन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਥਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Republik Rakyat Cina – ਬਨਯੂਮਾਸਨ" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Republik Rakyat Cina" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="ਬਨਯੂਮਾਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਮੋਕਸ਼ਾ" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="ਮੋਕਸ਼ਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblika_Entim-Bahoakan%27_i_Sina" title="Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina – ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Repoblika Entim-Bahoakan' i Sina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haina" title="Haina – ਮਾਉਰੀ" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Haina" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਉਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rakyaik_Cino" title="Republik Rakyaik Cino – ਮਿਨਾਂਗਕਾਬਾਓ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Republik Rakyaik Cino" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਨਾਂਗਕਾਬਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Народна Република Кина – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Народна Република Кина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8" title="ചൈന – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хятад – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хятад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ – ਮਨੀਪੁਰੀ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈꯥꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="ਮਨੀਪੁਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aina" title="Ċina – ਮਾਲਟੀਜ਼" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċina" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਟੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਮਿਰਾਂਡੀ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਰਾਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တရုတ်ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ – ਬਰਮੀ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်ပြည်သူ့သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ਬਰਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Китаень Раськень Республикась – ਇਰਜ਼ੀਆ" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Китаень Раськень Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ਇਰਜ਼ੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – ਨਿਆਪੋਲੀਟਨ" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ਨਿਆਪੋਲੀਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrippebliek_China" title="Volksrippebliek China – ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Volksrippebliek China" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok – ਨਿਆਸ" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ਨਿਆਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kina" title="Folkerepublikken Kina – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Folkerepublikken Kina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populen_Republike_de_China" title="Populen Republike de China – ਨੋਵੀਅਲ" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Populen Republike de China" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="ਨੋਵੀਅਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publyique_du_Peupl%27ye_d%27la_Chinne" title="Républyique du Peupl'ye d'la Chinne – ਨੌਰਮਨ" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Républyique du Peupl'ye d'la Chinne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="ਨੌਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1haena" title="Tšhaena – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸੋਥੋ" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tšhaena" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸੋਥੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsii%CA%BCyishbizh%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah – ਨਵਾਜੋ" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="ਨਵਾਜੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਨਯਾਂਜਾ" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ਨਯਾਂਜਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica Populara de China" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitai" title="Kitai – ਲਿਵੀ-ਕਾਰੇਲੀਅਨ" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kitai" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਵੀ-ਕਾਰੇਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaayinaa" title="Chaayinaa – ਓਰੋਮੋ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chaayinaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ਓਰੋਮੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%A8" title="ଚୀନ – ਉੜੀਆ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚୀନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ਉੜੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_ya_Too_na_Jhina" title="Republika ya Too na Jhina – ਪੰਗਾਸੀਨਾਨ" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Republika ya Too na Jhina" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਗਾਸੀਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldang_Republika_ning_Tsina" title="Maldang Republika ning Tsina – ਪੈਂਪਾਂਗਾ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Maldang Republika ning Tsina" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ਪੈਂਪਾਂਗਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਪਾਪਿਆਮੈਂਟੋ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ਪਾਪਿਆਮੈਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publike_popul%C3%A9re_Kine" title="Républike populére Kine – ਪਿਕਾਰਡ" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Républike populére Kine" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="ਪਿਕਾਰਡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tscheine" title="Tscheine – ਪੈੱਨਸਿਲਵੇਨੀਆ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Tscheine" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="ਪੈੱਨਸਿਲਵੇਨੀਆ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84ska_Republika_Ludowa" title="Chińska Republika Ludowa – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chińska Republika Ludowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin-a" title="Cin-a – ਪੀਦਮੋਨਟੀਸ" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cin-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="ਪੀਦਮੋਨਟੀਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Κίνα – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κίνα" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="چين – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailiku" title="Tailiku – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Tailiku" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwa_Runallaqta_Ripuwlika" title="Chunwa Runallaqta Ripuwlika – ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunwa Runallaqta Ripuwlika" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Populara_da_la_China" title="Republica Populara da la China – ਰੋਮਾਂਸ਼" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Republica Populara da la China" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਂਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Chinez%C4%83" title="Republica Populară Chineză – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Populară Chineză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਅਰੋਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ਅਰੋਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbleche_Popolare_Cinese" title="Repubbleche Popolare Cinese – ਟੈਰੇਨਟੀਨੋ" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Repubbleche Popolare Cinese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="ਟੈਰੇਨਟੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кітайска Народна Републіка – ਰੁਸਿਨ" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кітайска Народна Републіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ਰੁਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubushinwa" title="Ubushinwa – ਕਿਨਿਆਰਵਾਂਡਾ" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubushinwa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਨਿਆਰਵਾਂਡਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="चीनदेशः – ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चीनदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D3%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Кытай Дьон Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ – ਸਾਖਾ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кытай Дьон Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱪᱤᱱ – ਸੰਥਾਲੀ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ਸੰਥਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzina" title="Tzina – ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tzina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_o_the_Fowk_o_Cheena" title="Republic o the Fowk o Cheena – ਸਕਾਟਸ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Republic o the Fowk o Cheena" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86" title="چين – ਸਿੰਧੀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinn%C3%A1" title="Kiinná – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kiinná" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEn%C3%A4" title="Sînä – ਸਾਂਗੋ" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sînä" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਂਗੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ccinwa" title="Ccinwa – ਟਚੇਲਹਿਟ" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ccinwa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ਟਚੇਲਹਿਟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%82%84%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၶႄႇ – ਸ਼ਾਨ" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶႄႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ਸ਼ਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="චීනය – ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="People's Republic of China" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljudska_republika_Kitajska" title="Ljudska republika Kitajska – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ljudska republika Kitajska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saina" title="Saina – ਸਾਮੋਨ" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Saina" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਮੋਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiina" title="Kiina – ਇਨਾਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kiina" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ਇਨਾਰੀ ਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chayina" title="Chayina – ਸ਼ੋਨਾ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chayina" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ਸ਼ੋਨਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiinaha" title="Shiinaha – ਸੋਮਾਲੀ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shiinaha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ਸੋਮਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кина – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneysa" title="Sneysa – ਸ੍ਰਾਨਾਨ ਟੋਂਗੋ" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sneysa" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="ਸ੍ਰਾਨਾਨ ਟੋਂਗੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShayina" title="IShayina – ਸਵਾਤੀ" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IShayina" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhina" title="Xhina – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਸੋਥੋ" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Xhina" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਸੋਥੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foulksrepublik_China" title="Foulksrepublik China – ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Foulksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_Rakyat_Cina" title="Républik Rakyat Cina – ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Républik Rakyat Cina" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina" title="Kina – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Watu_wa_China" title="Jamhuri ya Watu wa China – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri ya Watu wa China" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84sk%C5%8F_Ludow%C5%8F_Republika" title="Chińskŏ Ludowŏ Republika – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chińskŏ Ludowŏ Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cong-kow" title="Cong-kow – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cong-kow" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="சீனா – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyukoku" title="Cyukoku – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Cyukoku" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಚೀನಾ – ਤੁਲੁ" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಚೀನಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਲੁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%91%E1%A5%A5%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="చైనా – ਤੇਲਗੂ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చైనా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ਤੇਲਗੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xina" title="Xina – ਟੇਟਮ" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Xina" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="ਟੇਟਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ҷумҳурии Мардумии Чин – ਤਾਜਿਕ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Мардумии Чин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਜਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศจีน – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93" title="ቻይና – ਤਿਗ੍ਰੀਨਿਆ" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቻይና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਤਿਗ੍ਰੀਨਿਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyta%C3%BD" title="Hytaý – ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hytaý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tsina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXR" title="CXR – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="CXR" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਤਸਵਾਨਾ" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="ਤਸਵਾਨਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siaina" title="Siaina – ਟੌਂਗਨ" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Siaina" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="ਟੌਂਗਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Manmeri_Ripablik_bilong_Saina" title="Ol Manmeri Ripablik bilong Saina – ਟੋਕ ਪਿਸਿਨ" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ol Manmeri Ripablik bilong Saina" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ਟੋਕ ਪਿਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikuku" title="Cikuku – ਟਾਰੋਕੋ" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Cikuku" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਰੋਕੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chayina" title="Chayina – ਸੋਂਗਾ" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Chayina" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ਸੋਂਗਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кытай – ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кытай" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਤੁੰਬੁਕਾ" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ਤੁੰਬੁਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਤ੍ਵਿ" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ਤ੍ਵਿ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinit%C5%8D" title="Tinitō – ਤਾਹੀਟੀ" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tinitō" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਹੀਟੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кыдат – ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Кыдат" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%87%DA%AD%D8%AE%DB%87%D8%A7_%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيىتى – ਉਇਗੁਰ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جۇڭخۇا خەلق جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ਉਇਗੁਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Китайська Народна Республіка – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайська Народна Республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چین – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy" title="Xitoy – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਵੇਂਡਾ" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਂਡਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_Popo%C5%82are_Cineze" title="Repùblega Popołare Cineze – ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega Popołare Cineze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitai" title="Kitai – ਵੇਪਸ" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kitai" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਪਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c" title="Trung Quốc – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung Quốc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫਲੇਮਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyin%C3%A4n" title="Tsyinän – ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyinän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chine" title="Chine – ਵਲੂਨ" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Chine" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ਵਲੂਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanan_Katawhan_Republika_han_Tsina" title="Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kanan Katawhan Republika han Tsina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ewum_Popileer_bu_Siin" title="Réewum Popileer bu Siin – ਵੋਲੋਫ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réewum Popileer bu Siin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲੋਫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中华人民共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Китдин Улус Орн – ਕਾਲਮਿਕ" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Китдин Улус Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਲਮਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShayina" title="IShayina – ਖੋਸਾ" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IShayina" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ਖੋਸਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩინეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩინეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="כינע – ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כינע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_Ar%C3%A1_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_%E1%B9%A2%C3%A1%C3%ADn%C3%A0" title="Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà – ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunghvaz_Yinzminz_Gunghozgoz" title="Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz – ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrippebliek_China" title="Volksrippebliek China – ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Volksrippebliek China" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ – ਮਿਆਰੀ ਮੋਰੋਕੇਨ ਟਾਮਾਜ਼ਿਕ" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਆਰੀ ਮੋਰੋਕੇਨ ਟਾਮਾਜ਼ਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中华人民共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國 – ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中華人民共和國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-h%C3%B4a_J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-hôa Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中華人民共和國 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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title="ਸਾਰੇ ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਲਿਸਟ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&oldid=630404" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਸੋਧ ਲਈ ਸਥਾਈ ਕੜੀ"><span>ਪੱਕੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&id=630404&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਣ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ"><span>ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਦਿਉ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%259A%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25A8"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li 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vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਲੋਕਤੰਤਰੀ ਗਣਰਾਜ</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r627788">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-weight:normal;"><strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-929db131">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong></span></li><li><small><i>Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó</i></small></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table class="maptable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:{{{width1}}};text-align:center;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of ਚੀਨ ਲੋਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ"><img alt="Flag of ਚੀਨ ਲੋਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div></div></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:auto;text-align:center;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਕੌਮੀ ਤਰਾਨਾ of ਚੀਨ ਲੋਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ"><img alt="ਕੌਮੀ ਤਰਾਨਾ of ਚੀਨ ਲੋਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/85px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/128px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/170px-National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="556" /></a></span></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;">ਝੰਡਾ</td> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;">ਕੌਮੀ ਤਰਾਨਾ</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data ਐਨਥਮ"><b>ਐਨਥਮ:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>"ਮਾਰਚ ਆਫ ਦਿ ਵਲੰਟੀਅਰਜ਼"</li><li><strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-804363b9">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong></li></ul></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="44" data-mwtitle="March_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/March_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarch_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarch_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarch_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarch_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarch_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-mo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-MO" label="中文（澳門） ‪(zh-mo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarch_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-sg&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-SG" label="中文（新加坡） ‪(zh-sg)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarch_of_the_Volunteers_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:People%27s_Republic_of_China_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਗਹਿਰਾ ਹਰਾ ਰੰਗ: ਚੀਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ, ਹਲਕਾ ਹਰਾ ਰੰਗ: ਚੀਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਖੇਤਰ।"><img alt="ਗਹਿਰਾ ਹਰਾ ਰੰਗ: ਚੀਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ, ਹਲਕਾ ਹਰਾ ਰੰਗ: ਚੀਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਖੇਤਰ।" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-People%27s_Republic_of_China_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">ਗਹਿਰਾ ਹਰਾ ਰੰਗ: ਚੀਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ, ਹਲਕਾ ਹਰਾ ਰੰਗ: ਚੀਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਨਿਯੰਤਰਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਖੇਤਰ।</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਬੀਜਿੰਗ">ਬੀਜਿੰਗ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ">ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਅਧਿਕਾਰਤ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਟੈਂਡਰ ਚੀਨੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਟੈਂਡਰ ਚੀਨੀ</a>, <br /> ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ, <br />ਮਕਾਓ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ <br />ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">ਮਾਨਤਾ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਖੇਤਰੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r627784">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ">ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4" title="ਤਿੱਬਤ">ਤਿੱਬਤ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਉਇਗ਼ੁਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਉਇਗ਼ੁਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜ਼ਹੁੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜ਼ਹੁੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਚੀਨੀ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a></li></ul></div></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਲਿਖਤ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ਚੀਨੀ">ਚੀਨੀ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਲਿਪੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਲਿਪੀ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਸਾਦੇ ਚੀਨੀ ਦੇ ਅੱਖਰ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B9" title="ਨਸਲੀ ਸਮੂਹ">ਨਸਲੀ ਸਮੂਹ</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>91.51% <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਹਾਨ ਚੀਨੀ">ਹਾਨ ਚੀਨੀ</a></li><li><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਸਲੀ ਗਰੁੱਪ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">55 ਘੱਟ ਗਿਣਤੀ</a></small></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1.30% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗ਼ਹੁੰਗ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਗ਼ਹੁੰਗ ਲੋਕ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.86% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਾਂਚੂ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਾਂਚੂ ਲੋਕ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.79% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਉਇਗ਼ੁਰ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਉਇਗ਼ੁਰ ਲੋਕ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.79% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਹੁਈ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਹੁਈ ਲੋਕ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.72% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%93_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਿਆਓ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਿਆਓ ਲੋਕ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.65% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੀ ਲੋਕ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.62% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਟੁਜੀਆ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਟੁਜੀਆ ਲੋਕ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.47% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਨਸਲੀ ਮੰਗੋਲ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨਸਲੀ ਮੰਗੋਲ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.44% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਤਿੱਤਬ ਲੋਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਤਿੱਤਬ ਲੋਕ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.26% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬੁਈ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬੁਈ</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">0.15% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੋਰੀਆਨਜ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕੋਰੀਆਨਜ਼</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">1.05% ਹੋਰ </li></ul> </div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਵਸਨੀਕੀ ਨਾਮ">ਵਸਨੀਕੀ ਨਾਮ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਚੀਨੀ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਸਰਕਾਰ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਮਾਜਵਾਦੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਮਾਜਵਾਦੀ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਇੱਕ ਪਾਰਟੀ ਰਾਜ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇੱਕ ਪਾਰਟੀ ਰਾਜ</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765565"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ">ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀ ਜਿੰਪਿੰਗ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੀ ਜਿੰਪਿੰਗ</a> ਦੇ ਕੋਲ ਚਾਰ ਅਹੁਦੇ ਹਨ:<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜਰਨਲ ਸਕੱਤਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜਰਨਲ ਸਕੱਤਰ</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ">ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ</a>, ਅਤੇ <br />ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਫੌਜ ਕਮਿਸ਼ਨ ਦਾ ਚੇਅਰਮੈਨ</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਵਿਧਾਨਪਾਲਿਕਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੌਮੀ ਲੋਕ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕੌਮੀ ਲੋਕ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ">ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765565"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਸ਼ਿਆ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼">ਸ਼ਿਆ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼</a> ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰੀ-ਸ਼ਾਹੀ <br />ਵਾਰ ਦੇ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਦੀ ਸਥਾਪਨਾ </div></th><td class="infobox-data">c. <a href="/w/index.php?title=2070_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2070 ਬੀ ਸੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">2070 ਬੀ ਸੀ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕਿਨ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕਿਨ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼</a> ਦੀ <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕਿਨ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕਿਨ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ</a> 'ਚ ਜਿੱਤ </div></th><td class="infobox-data">221 BCE</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=1911_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1911 ਦੀ ਚੀਨੀ ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">1911 ਦੀ ਚੀਨੀ ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1912</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਯੁੱਧ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਚੀਨੀ ਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਯੁੱਧ</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 ਅਕਤੁਬਰ, 1949</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ਖੇਤਰ</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• ਕੁੱਲ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,596,961 km<sup>2</sup> (3,705,407 sq mi)<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" title="ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ">ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="ਮਕਾਓ">ਮਕਾਓ</a> ਅਤੇ <br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਤਾਇਵਾਨ">ਤਾਇਵਾਨ</a> ਤੋਂ ਬਗੈਰ ਖੇਤਰਫਲ। <br />ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਟ੍ਰਾਂਸ-ਕਾਰਾਕੋਰਮ ਟਰੈਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਟ੍ਰਾਂਸ-ਕਾਰਾਕੋਰਮ ਟਰੈਕ</a> <br />(5,800 km<sup>2</sup> (2,200 sq mi)), <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅਕਹਾਈ ਚਿਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਕਹਾਈ ਚਿਨ</a> <br />(37,244 km<sup>2</sup> (14,380 sq mi)) ਅਤੇ <br />ਹੋਰ ਇਲਾਕੇ ਜੋ ਗੁਆਂਢੀ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਨਾਲ <br />ਝਗੜੇ 'ਚ ਹੈ ਸਾਮਿਲ ਹਨ। <br />ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਕੁਲ਼ ਖੇਤਰਫਲ<br /> 9,572,900 km<sup>2</sup> (3,696,100 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80" title="ਖੇਤਰਫਲ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ">3rd/4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• ਜਲ (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.8%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">ਆਬਾਦੀ</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2015 ਅਨੁਮਾਨ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,376,049,000 (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80" title="ਆਬਾਦੀ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2010 ਜਨਗਣਨਾ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,339,724,852 (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80" title="ਆਬਾਦੀ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• ਘਣਤਾ</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:Convert_messages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਦਦ:Convert messages (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)"><span title="Convert: Value "2013: 145" must be a number">convert: invalid number</span></a></i>]</sup><span class="error"></span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਆਬਾਦੀ ਘਣਤਾ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">83rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੁੱਲ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ">ਜੀਡੀਪੀ</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖਰੀਦ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਸਮਾਨਤਾ">ਪੀਪੀਪੀ</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2015 ਅਨੁਮਾਨ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• ਕੁੱਲ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$18.976 ਟ੍ਰਿਲੀਅਨ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80)_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਡੀਪੀ (ਪੀਪੀਪੀ) ਦੁਆਰਾ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$13,801 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80)_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਡੀਪੀ (ਪੀਪੀਪੀ) ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">87th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੁੱਲ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ">ਜੀਡੀਪੀ</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(ਨਾਮਾਤਰ)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2015 ਅਨੁਮਾਨ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• ਕੁੱਲ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$11.212 trillion (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0)_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਡੀਪੀ (ਨਾਮਾਤਰ) ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$8,154 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0)_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਡੀਪੀ (ਨਾਮਾਤਰ) ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">75th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95" title="ਗਿਨੀ ਗੁਣਾਂਕ">ਗਿਨੀ</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2014)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">46.9<br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765287">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkred">ਉੱਚ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95" class="mw-redirect" title="ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਸੂਚਕਾਂਕ">ਐੱਚਡੀਆਈ</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2014)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.727<br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765287"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">ਉੱਚ</span></span> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਸੂਚਕਾਂਕ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">90th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਮੁਦਰਾ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ਰਨਮਿਨਬੀ">ਰਨਮਿਨਬੀ</a>(¥),<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" title="ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ">ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ</a> 'ਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ ਡਾਲਰ">ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ ਡਾਲਰ</a> <br />ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="ਮਕਾਓ">ਮਕਾਓ</a> 'ਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਕਾਉਈ ਪਤਾਕਾ">ਮਕਾਉਈ ਪਤਾਕਾ</a> <br />ਸਿੱਕਾ ਚਲਦਾ ਹੈ (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4217 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">CNY</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਸਮਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਸੰਯੋਜਤ ਵਿਆਪਕ ਸਮਾਂ">UTC</a>+8</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਆਰੀ ਸਮਾਂ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਆਰੀ ਸਮਾਂ</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਮਿਤੀ ਫਾਰਮੈਟ</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>yyyy-mm-dd</li><li><i>or</i> yyyy<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-804363b9">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong>m<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-804363b9">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong>d<strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-804363b9">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong></li><li>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Era&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Era (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">CE</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_calendar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese calendar (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">CE-1949</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87-_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95" title="ਖੱਬੇ- ਅਤੇ ਸੱਜੇ-ਹੱਥ ਟਰੈਫ਼ਕ">ਡਰਾਈਵਿੰਗ ਸਾਈਡ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ਸੱਜੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਪਰ ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ ਅਤੇ ਮਕਾਓ ਤੋਂ ਬਗੈਰ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ਕਾਲਿੰਗ ਕੋਡ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+86 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">+86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਦੇਸ਼ ਕੋਡ ਉੱਚ-ਪੱਧਰ ਡੋਮੇਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਟੀਐਲਡੀ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cn (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">.cn</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".中國 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">.中國</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".中国 (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">.中国</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ਚੀਨ</b> (ਮੰਦਾਰਿਨੀ ਚੀਨੀ ਵਿੱਚ: 中国) ਜਾਂ <b>ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਲੋਕਤੰਤਰੀ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ</b> (ਮੰਦਾਰਿਨੀ ਚੀਨੀ ਵਿੱਚ: 中华人民共和国) ਪੂਰਬੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ">ਭਾਰਤ</a> ਦੇ ਉੱਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਥਿਤ ਇੱਕ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ। ਲਗਭਗ 1.3 ਅਰਬ ਦੀ ਆਬਾਦੀ ਵਾਲੇ ਇਸ ਮੁਲਕ ਦੀ ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਬੀਜਿੰਗ">ਬੀਜਿੰਗ</a> ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਮੰਦਾਰਿਨੀ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਦਫ਼ਤਰੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ। ਖੇਤਰਫਲ ਦੇ ਮੁਤਾਬਿਕ ਚੀਨ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੂਸ">ਰੂਸ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕੈਨੇਡਾ">ਕੈਨੇਡਾ</a> ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਤੀਜੇ ਨੰਬਰ ’ਤੇ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਚੀਨ ਦੀ ਲਗਪਗ 3,380 ਕਿਲੋਮੀਟਰ ਦੀ ਹੱਦ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ">ਭਾਰਤ</a> ਨਾਲ ਲੱਗਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਦੇਸ਼ ਪਹਾੜਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਘਿਰਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਨਾਂਅ"><span id=".E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82.E0.A8.85"></span>ਨਾਂਅ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਨਾਂਅ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਸਾਮਾਨ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਤਪੰਨ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਨਾਮ ਹਨ "ਝੋਂਗੁਆ" (中华/中華) ਅਤੇ "ਝੋਂਗੁਓ" (中国/中國), ਜਦਕਿ ਚੀਨੀ ਮੂਲ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਮ-ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ "ਹਾਨ" (汉/漢) ਅਤੇ "ਤਾਂਗ" (唐) ਨਾਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਹੋਰ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਨਾਮ ਹਨ, ਹੁਆਸ਼ਿਆ, ਸ਼ੇਨਝੋਊ ਅਤੇ ਜਿਝੋਊ। ਚੀਨੀ ਲੋਕਵਾਦੀ ਗਣਰਾਜ (中华人民共和国) ਅਤੇ ਚੀਨੀ ਗਣਰਾਜ (中国共和国), ਓਨ੍ਹਾ ਦੋ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਪਰੰਪਰਿਕ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਚੀਨ ਨਾਮ ਨਾਲ ਪਹਿਚਾਣੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਖੇਤਰ 'ਤੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਦਾਵੇਦਾਰੀ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ। "ਮੁੱਖ-ਭੂਮੀ ਚੀਨ" ਓਨ੍ਹਾ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਸੰਦਰਭ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਿਆ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਨਾਮ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਖੇਤਰ ਚੀਨੀ ਲੋਕਵਾਦੀ ਗਣਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਅਧੀਨ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ਹਾਂਗ ਕਾਂਗ">ਹਾਂਗ ਕਾਂਗ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਕਾਊ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਕਾਊ</a> ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ। </p><p>ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਦੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਗਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਨਾਮ ਪ੍ਰਚਲਿਤ ਹਨ, ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ "ਕਿਨ" ਜਾਂ "ਜਿਨ" ਅਤੇ "ਹਾਨ" ਜਾਂ "ਤਾਨ" ਦੇ ਲਿਪੀ-ਅੰਤਰਣ ਹਨ। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ਹਿੰਦੀ">ਹਿੰਦੀ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਯੁਕਤ ਨਾਮ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਲਿਪੀ-ਅੰਤਰਣ ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜਪਾਨ">ਜਪਾਨ</a> ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ਦੂਜੀ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਜੰਗ">ਦੂਜੀ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਜੰਗ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਰ ਜਾਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕਮਿਊਨਿਸਟ ਪੀਪਲਜ਼ ਲਿਬਰੇਸ਼ਨ ਆਰਮੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕਮਿਊਨਿਸਟ ਪੀਪਲਜ਼ ਲਿਬਰੇਸ਼ਨ ਆਰਮੀ</a> ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਨੇਤਾ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਮਾਓ ਤਸੇ-ਤੁੰਗ">ਮਾਓ ਤਸੇ-ਤੁੰਗ</a> ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਿਵਲ ਵਾਰ ਜਿੱਤੀ। ਚੀਨ ਸੰਨ 1949 ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਦੇਸ਼ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਚੀਨ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਸ਼ਾਲੀ ਸੰਸਥਾ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਪੀਪਲਜ਼ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਪੀਪਲਜ਼ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ</a> ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਕੋਲ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਮੈਂਬਰ ਕਮਿਊਨਿਸਟ ਪਾਰਟੀ ਹੀ ਚੁਣਦੀ ਹੈ। ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਪੀਪਲਜ਼ ਕਾਂਗਰਸ ਦਾ ਮੁਖੀ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਸਟੇਟ ਕੌਂਸਲ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਧਾਨਗੀ ਹੇਠ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਕੀ ਢਾਂਚੇ ਨੂੰ ਚਲਾਉਣ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਸਟੇਟ ਕੌਂਸਲ ਦੀ ਹੈ। ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੀ ਪੀਪਲਜ਼ ਲਿਬੇਰਸ਼ਨ ਆਰਮੀ ਇੱਕ ਹੋਰ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਅੰਗ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸਦੀ ਰਾਜਸੀ ਤਾਕਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਭੂਗੋਲ"><span id=".E0.A8.AD.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.97.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.B2"></span>ਭੂਗੋਲ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਭੂਗੋਲ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਖੇਤਰਫਲ ਪੱਖੋਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਧਰਤੀ">ਵਿਸ਼ਵ</a> ਦਾ ਤੀਸਰਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ। ਇੰਨਾਂ ਵੱਡਾ ਭੂ-ਭਾਗ ਹੋਣ ਕਰਕੇ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਮੌਸਮੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਪਾਏ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਪੂਰਬ ਵਿੱਚ, ਪੀਲਾ ਸਾਗਰ ਅਤੇ ਪਰਬੀ ਚੀਨ ਸਾਗਰ ਨਾਲ ਲਗਦੇ ਜਲੌੜ ਮੈਦਾਨ ਹਨ। ਦੱਖਣੀ ਚੀਨ ਸਾਗਰ ਨਾਲ ਲਗਦਾ ਤੱਟੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਭੂ-ਭਾਗ ਵਾਲਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਚੀਨ ਖੇਤਰ ਪਹਾੜੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਟਿੱਲਿਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਭਰਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ। ਮੱਧ ਪੂਰਬ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਡੈਲਟਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਡੈਲਟਾ</a> ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਦੋ ਨਦੀਆਂ ਪੀਲੀ ਨਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਯਾਂਗਤਜੇ ਨਦੀ ਤੋਂ ਮਿਲ ਕੇ ਬਣਿਆ ਹੈ। ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਨਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਪਲ੍ਰ ਨਦੀ, ਮੇਕਾਂਗ ਨਦੀ, ਬ੍ਰਹਮਪੁੱਤਰ ਨਦੀ, ਅਮੂਰ ਨਦੀ, ਹੁਆਈ ਹੇ ਨਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ੀ ਜੀਯਾਂਗ ਨਦੀ। </p><p>ਪੱਛਮ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਹਿਮਾਲਿਆ">ਹਿਮਾਲਿਆ</a> ਪਰਬਤ ਲੜੀ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਚੀਨ ਦੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ">ਭਾਰਤ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭੂਟਾਨ">ਭੂਟਾਨ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਨੇਪਾਲ">ਨੇਪਾਲ</a> ਨਾਲ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਸੀਮਾ ਬਣਾਉਦੀ ਹੈ। ਭੂਗੋਲਿਕ ਆਧਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਚੀਨ ਨੂੰ ਤਿੰਨ ਭਾਗਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੰਡਿਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ - </p> <ul><li><b>ਉੱਤਰੀ ਚੀਨ</b>: ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੋਇਸ ਮਿਟੀ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼, ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ ਦੀ ਪਠਾਰ ਦਾ ਕੁਝ ਹਿੱਸਾ, ਪੀਹੋ ਦਰਿਆ ਦੀ ਘਾਟੀ, ਹਵਾਂਗਹੋ ਦਾ ਬੇਸਿਨ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਾਨਟਿੰਗ ਪ੍ਰਾਇਦੀਪ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹਨ।</li> <li><b>ਮੱਧ ਚੀਨ</b>: ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੱਛਮ ਦਾ ਪਹਾੜੀ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼, ਲਾਲ ਮਿਟੀ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼, ਹੂਪੇ ਬੇਸਿਨ ਅਤੇ ਯਾਂਗਸੀਕਿਆਂਗ ਦਾ ਡੈਲਟਾ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹਨ। ਇੱਕ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਸਾਰਾ ਭਾਗ ਯਾਂਗਸੀ ਦਰਿਆ ਦੀ ਘਾਟੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਲਾਲ ਮਿੱਟੀ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਉੱਪਰਲੀ ਵਾਦੀ ਹੈ। ਹੂਪੇ ਬੇਸਿਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਮੱਧ-ਘਾਟੀ ਅਤੇ ਡੈਲਟਾ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਹੇਠਲੀ ਘਾਟੀ ਹੈ। ਸ਼ਿਨਲਿੰਗਸ਼ਾਨ ਪਰਬਤ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਉੱਤਰੀ ਚੀਨ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਖ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।</li> <li><b>ਦੱਖਣੀ ਚੀਨ</b>: ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਯੂਨਾਨ ਦੀ ਪਠਾਰ, ਸੀਕਿਆਂਗ ਦਰਿਆ ਦੀ ਘਾਟੀ ਤੇ ਡੈਲਟਾ ਅਤੇ ਦੱਖਣ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਤੱਟ ਦਾ ਮੈਦਾਨ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹਨ। ਦੱਖਣੀ ਚੀਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਪਠਾਰਾਂ 'ਵਾਂਗ ਸੀ' ਘਾਟੀ ਨੂੰ ਸੀਕਿਆਂਗ ਦੀ ਤਲਹਟੀ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਖ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਜਲਵਾਯੂ"><span id=".E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.AF.E0.A9.82"></span>ਜਲਵਾਯੂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਜਲਵਾਯੂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਦੀ ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਵੈਸੇ ਤਾਂ ਹਰ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਮੌਨਸੂਨੀ ਪੌਣਾਂ ਸਭ ਥਾਂ ਹਨ। ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਉੱਤਰੀ ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਮਾਨ ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਮਿਲਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸਾਲ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਤੇ ਮਹੀਨਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਤਾਪਮਾਨ ਬਹੁਤ ਨੀਵਾਂ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਵਰਖਾ ਗਰਮੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਔਸਤ 20" ਤੋਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਵਧਦੀ। ਸਰਦੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਅੰਦਰਲੇ ਰੇਗਿਸਤਾਨਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਠੰਡੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਮਿੱਟੀ ਉਡਾਉਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਹਵਾਵਾਂ ਚਲਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਪਾਲਾ ਪੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਬਰਫ਼ ਵੀ ਵਰ੍ਹਦੀ ਹੈ। ਗਰਮੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਤੇ ਮੱਧ ਚੀਨ ਮੌਨਸੂਨੀ ਪੌਣਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਸਰ ਥੱਲੇ ਆ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਿਸ ਤੋਂ 40" ਤੋਂ 60" ਤੱਕ ਵਰਖਾ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਭੂ-ਭਾਗ ਵਿਸ਼ਾਲ ਹੋਣ ਕਾਰਨ ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਭਿੰਨ-ਭਿੰਨ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਫ਼ਰਕ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਜੈਵਿਕ_ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.9C.E0.A9.88.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.AD.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਜੈਵਿਕ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਜੈਵਿਕ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਦੇ ਸਤਾਰਾਂ ਜਿਆਦਾ-ਵਿਵਿਧ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ, ਚੀਨ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਜੈਵਿਕ-ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਵਿਵਨ੍ਰਆਰਕਟਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਹਿੰਦੋਮਾਲਯਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਵਿਵਨ੍ਰਆਰਕਟਿਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਏ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਜੀਵ ਹਨ ਘੋੜੇ, ਊਠ, ਟਪੀਰ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ੈਬਰਾ। ਹਿੰਦੋਮਾਲਯਾ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਤੇਂਦੁਆ ਬਿੱਲੀ, ਬੰਬੂ ਚੂਹਾ, ਟ੍ਰੀਘੋ ਅਤੇ ਕਈ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਬਾਂਦਰ ਅਤੇ ਬਾਨਰ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਫੈਲਾਅ ਕਰਕੇ ਦੋਵਾਂ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਏ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ ਵਿਸ਼ਾਲ ਪਾਂਡਾ, ਚਾਡਗ ਜਿਆਡ੍ਰਗ ਦੇ ਸੀਮਿਤ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਇਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਲੁਪਤ ਹੋ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਸੰਬੰਧੀ ਵੀ ਕਈ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਬਣਾਏ ਗਏ ਹਨ। </p><p>ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਈ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਵਣ ਮਿਲਦੇ ਹਨ। ਉੱਤਰ-ਪੂਰਬੀ ਅਤੇ ਉੱਤਰ-ਪੱਛਮੀ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਰਬਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਠੰਡੇ ਸ਼ੰਕੂਧਾਰੀ ਵਣ ਹਨ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਜਾਨਵਰਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਮੂਸ ਅਤੇ ਏਸ਼ੀਆਈ ਕਾਲੇ ਭਾਲੂ ਦੇ ਲਗਭਗ 120 ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਪੰਛੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਘਰ ਹਨ। ਨਮ ਸ਼ੰਕੁਰੁੱਖ ਵਣਾਂ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਲੇ ਸਥਾਨਾਂ ਤੇ ਬਾਂਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਝਾੜੀਆਂ ਪਾਈਆਂ ਜਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਉਪੋਸ਼ਨਕਟੀਬੱਧ ਵਣ, ਜੋ ਮੱਧ ਅਤੇ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਚੀਨ ਦੀ ਬਹੁਲਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ, 1,46,000 ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਬਨਸਪਤੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਘਰ ਹੈ। ਪਰ ਇਹ ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਈਆਂ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ-ਚੌਥਾਈ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ"><span id=".E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A3"></span>ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੁਝ ਪ੍ਰਸੰਗਿਕ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਨਿਯਮ ਹਨ, 1979 ਦਾ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਣ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਣ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਮੋਟੇ 'ਤੇ ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ 'ਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਹੈ। ਭਾਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਨਿਯਮ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਖ਼ਤ ਹਨ, ਫਿਰ ਵੀ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਇੱਛੁੱਕ ਸਮੁਦਾਵਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਅਣਦੇਖੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਦੇ ਬਾਰਾਂ ਸਾਲਾਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਕੇਵਲ ਇੱਕ ਚੀਨੀ ਨਗਰ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਜਲ ਸਰੋਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਫ਼ ਰੱਖਣ ਦਾ ਯਤਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ। </p><p>ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਜਲ ਸੰਸਥਾਨ ਵਿਭਾਗ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ, ਲਗਭਗ 30 ਕਰੋੜ ਚੀਨੀ ਲੋਕ ਅਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਪਾਣੀ ਪੀ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਕਈ ਨਗਰ ਪਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਕਮੀ ਨਾਲ ਜੂਝ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। </p><p>ਚੀਨ ਹੋਰ ਸਾਰੇ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਮੁਕਾਬਲੇ ਸੌਰ ਪੈਨਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਪੌਣ ਟਰਬਾਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਮਾਂ_ਖੇਤਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82_.E0.A8.96.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਸਮਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਮਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਇੱਕ ਵਿਸ਼ਾਲ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਪੂਰਬ ਤੋਂ ਪੱਛਮ ਤੱਕ 4,000 ਕਿਲੋਮੀਟਰ ਤੱਕ ਫ਼ੈਲਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ ਪਰ ਫਿਰ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਕੇਵਲ ਇੱਕ ਸਮਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ (ਸਮਾਂ ਜ਼ੋਨ) ਹੈ ਜੋ ਯੂਟੀਸੀ ਤੋਂ 8 ਘੰਟੇ ਅੱਗੇ ਹੈ। ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸਮਾਂ ਖੇਤਰ ਇੱਕ ਹੋਣ ਕਰਕੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਿਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਘੱਟ ਸਮਾਂ ਮਿਲਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਪੂਰਬੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਨੂੰ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਛੋਟ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਗਈ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਖੇਤਰ, ਪੂਰਬੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਮੁਕਾਬਲੇ ਪੱਛੜਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ"><span id=".E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.96.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86"></span>ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=8" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਜਨਸੰਖਿਆ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਅਬਾਦੀ ਵਾਲਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਦੀ ਅਬਾਦੀ 138 ਕਰੋੜ ਦੇ ਲਗਭਗ ਹੈ। ਵਧਦੀ ਅਬਾਦੀ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਕਣ ਲਈ ਸੰਨ 1979 ਵਿੱਚ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਵਿਆਹੁਤਾ ਜੋੜਾ ਕੇਵਲ ਇੱਕ ਬੱਚੇ ਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਜਨਮ ਦੇਵੇਗਾ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਧਰਮ"><span id=".E0.A8.A7.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.AE"></span>ਧਰਮ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=9" title="ਭਾਗ 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=10" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸ਼ਹਿਰੀ ਖੇਤਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ">ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ਹਾਂਗ ਕਾਂਗ">ਹਾਂਗ ਕਾਂਗ</a>, ਨਾਨਕਿੰਗ, ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਬੀਜਿੰਗ">ਬੀਜਿੰਗ</a> ਆਦਿ ਹਨ। ਕੈਨਟਨ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ ਨਗਰ ਅਤੇ ਬੰਦਰਗਾਹ ਹੈ। ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਜਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਵਪਾਰ ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਥੇ ਰੇਸ਼ਮੀ ਅਤੇ ਸੂਤੀ ਕੱਪੜਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਕਾਰਖ਼ਾਨੇ ਹਨ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.AD.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=11" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਭਾਸ਼ਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਟੈਂਡਰ ਚੀਨੀ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਕਾਓ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਕਾਓ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a> ਬੋਲੀਆਂ ਜਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਹੋਰ ਮਾਨਤਾ-ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਉਇਗ਼ੁਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ, ਜ਼ਹੁੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ">ਚੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ</a> ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਚੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਇੱਥੋਂ ਦੀ ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਿੱਖਿਆ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BF.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.96.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86"></span>ਸਿੱਖਿਆ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=12" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਿੱਖਿਆ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1986 ਵਿੱਚ ਚੀਨ ਨੇ ਹਰੇਕ ਬੱਚੇ ਨੂੰ ਨੌ ਸਾਲ ਦੀ ਜਰੂਰੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਦੇਣ ਦਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਾ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ। 2007 ਤੱਕ ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ 3,97,567 ਪ੍ਰਾਰੰਭਿਕ ਸਕੂਲ, 94,116 ਮੱਧਵਰਤੀ ਸਕੂਲ ਅਤੇ 2,236 ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਸੰਸਥਾਨ ਸਨ। ਫਰਵਰੀ 2006 ਵਿੱਚ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਇਹ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਲਿਆ ਕਿ ਨੌ ਸਾਲ ਤੱਕ ਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਮੁਫ਼ਤ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਵੇਗੀ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਠ-ਪੁਸਤਕਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਖ਼ਰਚ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਣਗੇ। ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੌ ਸਾਲ ਦੀ ਉਮਰ ਦੇ ਬੱਚੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਰੰਭਿਕ ਸਕੂਲ ਹੇਠ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। 2007 ਤੱਕ 25 ਸਾਲ ਦੀ ਉਮਰ ਤੱਕ ਦੇ 93.3% ਲੋਕ ਸ਼ਾਖਰ ਹਨ।<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਚੀਨ ਦੀ ਯੁਵਾ ਸ਼ਾਖਰਤਾ ਦਰ 2000 ਵਿੱਚ (ਉਮਰ 25 ਤੋਂ 32) 98.9% ਸੀ।(ਪੁਰਸ਼ 99.2% ਅਤੇ ਮਹਿਲਾ 98.5%)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸਿਹਤ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.A4"></span>ਸਿਹਤ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=13" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸਿਹਤ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ"><span id=".E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.95"></span>ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=14" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਢਾਂਚਾ ਇਸ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਹੈ: ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਉੱਪਰ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਸਾਮਵਾਦੀ ਦਲ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਚੀਨੀ ਸਾਮਵਾਦੀ ਦਲ</a> ਅਤੇ ਫਿਰ ਸੈਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਰਕਾਰ। ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ-ਮੁਖੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਦ ਕਿ ਦਲ ਦਾ ਨੇਤਾ ਉਸਦਾ ਆਮ ਸਚਿਵ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਚੀਨੀ ਮੁਕਤੀ ਸੈਨਾ ਦਾ ਮੁਖੀ ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਸੈਨਿਕ ਆਯੋਗ ਦਾ ਮੈਂਬਰ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਸਮੇਂ ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ਸ਼ੀ ਜਿਨਪਿੰਗ">ਸ਼ੀ ਜਿਨਪਿੰਗ</a> ਹਨ। ਸ਼ੀ ਜਿਨਪਿੰਗ ਤਿੰਨ ਪਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਹਨ। </p><p>ਚੀਨੀ ਸਾਮਵਾਦੀ ਦਲ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਅੱਠ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਰਾਜਨੀਤਿਕ ਦਲ ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਨ ਪਰੰਤੂ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਦਲਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਚੀਨੀ ਸਾਮਵਾਦੀ ਦਲ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖਤਾ ਸਵੀਕਾਰ ਕਰਨੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 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ਸਵੈ ਖੇਤਰ, ਸ਼ਿਜਾਂਗ ਸਵੈ ਖੇਤਰ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4" title="ਤਿੱਬਤ">ਤਿੱਬਤ</a> </p> <ul><li>ਨਗਰਪਾਲਿਕਾ</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਬੀਜਿੰਗ">ਬੀਜਿੰਗ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ">ਸ਼ੰਘਾਈ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੋਂਗਿੰਗ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਚੋਂਗਿੰਗ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਤਯਾਂਜਿਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਤਯਾਂਜਿਨ</a> </p> <ul><li>ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਨਿਕ ਖੇਤਰ</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ਹਾਂਗ ਕਾਂਗ">ਹਾਂਗ ਕਾਂਗ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਕਾਊ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਕਾਊ</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਸੈਨਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.88.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਸੈਨਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=16" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸੈਨਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਤੇਈ ਲੱਖ ਸੈਨਿਕਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਚੀਨੀ ਮੁਕਤੀ ਸੈਨਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਗੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡੀ ਪਦਵੀਬਲ ਸੈਨਾ ਹੈ। ਚੀਮੁਸੇ ਦੇ ਅੰਤਰਗਤ ਥਲ ਸੈਨਾ, ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਸੈਨਾ, ਹਵਾਈ ਸੈਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਰਣਨੀਤਿਕ ਨਾਭਿਕੀ ਬਲ ਸੰਮੇਲਿਤ ਹੈ। ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਕ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਖ਼ਰਚ 132 ਅਰਬ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਡਾਲਰ">ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਡਾਲਰ</a> (808.2 ਅਰਬ ਯੁਆਨ, 2014 ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰਸਤਾਵਿਤ) ਹੈ। है। 2013 ਵਿੱਚ ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਬਜਟ ਲਗਭਗ 118 ਅਰਬ ਡਾਲਰ ਸੀ, ਜੋ ਕਿ 2012 ਦੇ ਬਜਟ ਤੋਂ 10.7 ਪ੍ਰਤੀਸ਼ਤ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਸੀ। ਤੁਲਨਾਤਮਰ ਰੂਪ ਨਾਲ ਵੇਖਿਆ ਜਾਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਗੁਆਂਢੀ ਦੇਸ਼ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ">ਭਾਰਤ</a> ਦਾ 2014 ਦਾ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਬਜਟ 36 ਅਰਬ ਡਾਲਰ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-nbt-5mar14_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbt-5mar14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ਅਮਰੀਕਾ">ਅਮਰੀਕਾ</a> ਦਾ ਦਾਅਵਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਚੀਨ ਆਪਣੀ ਕੁਝ ਸੈਨਾ ਗੁਪਤ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਹੈ।<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:Citation_needed" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:Citation needed"><span title="ਇਸ ਦਾਅਵੇ ਨੂੰ ਸਿੱਧ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਰੂਰਤ ਹੈ">ਹਵਾਲਾ ਲੋੜੀਂਦਾ</span></a></i>]</sup> ਚੀਨ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ ਪ੍ਰੀਸ਼ਦ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ ਪ੍ਰੀਸ਼ਦ</a> ਦਾ ਸਥਾਈ ਮੈਂਬਰ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਕਾਨੂੰਨ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.82.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.A8_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.A5.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=17" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੇਈਮਾਨੀ ਅਤੇ ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਮਾੜਾ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਨੂੰ ਨਾ ਮੰਨਣ ਵਾਲਿਆਂ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਸਖ਼ਤ ਕਾਰਵਾਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਰਕਬੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਵੱਧ ਅਬਾਦੀ ਦੇ ਬਾਵਜੂਦ ਅਨਾਜ ਦੀ ਕਿੱਲਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਆਉਂਦੀ। ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਕਮਿਊਨਿਸਟ ਨੇਤਾਵਾਂ ਨੇ ਰਾਜਸੱਤਾ ਆਉਣ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਸਾਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਜ਼ਮੀਨ ਦੀ ਵੰਡ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਸੀ। ਸਾਲ 2003 ਵਿੱਚ ਚੀਨ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਈਵੇਟ ਜਾਇਦਾਦ ਰੱਖਣ ਦੇ ਹੱਕ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਵਾਨਗੀ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੀ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਮਨੁੱਖੀ_ਅਧਿਕਾਰ_ਅਤੇ_ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.81.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.96.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A7.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.AD.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.9F.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.9A.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=18" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਭ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਚਾਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਅਰਥ_ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.85.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.A5_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.A5.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਅਰਥ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=19" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਅਰਥ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2014 ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਚੀਨ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਦੀ ਦੂਸਰੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡੀ ਅਰਥ-ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਵਾਲਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ। ਚੀਨ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਪਧਾਰਿਆ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹੈ ਜਿਥੇ 2009 ਵਿੱਚ 5 ਕਰੋੜ 9 ਲੱਖ ਅੰਤਰਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਯਾਤਰੀ ਆਏ ਸਨ। ਚੀਨ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਵਪਾਰ ਸੰਗਠਨ ਦਾ ਵੀ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਦੂਸਰੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਡੀ ਵਪਾਰਿਕ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਹੈ। 2008 ਵਿੱਚ ਚੀਨ ਨੇ 92.4 ਅਰਬ ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਡਾਲਰ ਦਾ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਨਿਵੇਸ਼ ਆਕਰਸ਼ਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ ਜੋ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਦਾ ਤੀਸਰਾ ਸਰਵੋਤਮ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਘਰੇਲੂ_ਉਤਪਾਦਨ_ਦਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.98.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.82_.E0.A8.89.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.AA.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.A8_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਘਰੇਲੂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦਰ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=20" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਘਰੇਲੂ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.96.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.AC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A9.9C.E0.A9.80"></span>ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=21" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਖ ਕਿੱਤਾ ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਥੋਂ ਦੀ ਮੁੱਖ ਫਸਲਾਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2" title="ਚਾਵਲ">ਚਾਵਲ</a>, <a 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class="mw-file-description" title="ਚਾਂਗਸ਼ਾ ਮਸਜਿਦ"><img alt="ਚਾਂਗਸ਼ਾ ਮਸਜਿਦ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Changsha_mosque_1.jpg/90px-Changsha_mosque_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Changsha_mosque_1.jpg/135px-Changsha_mosque_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Changsha_mosque_1.jpg/180px-Changsha_mosque_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਚਾਂਗਸ਼ਾ ਮਸਜਿਦ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Chinese_Boat_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਕਿਸ਼ਤੀ ਘਰ"><img alt="ਚੀਨੀ ਕਿਸ਼ਤੀ ਘਰ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_Boat_House.jpg/120px-Chinese_Boat_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_Boat_House.jpg/180px-Chinese_Boat_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chinese_Boat_House.jpg/240px-Chinese_Boat_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਚੀਨੀ ਕਿਸ਼ਤੀ ਘਰ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Chinese_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਮੰਦਰ"><img alt="ਚੀਨੀ ਮੰਦਰ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Chinese_Temple.jpg/90px-Chinese_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Chinese_Temple.jpg/135px-Chinese_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Chinese_Temple.jpg/180px-Chinese_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਚੀਨੀ ਮੰਦਰ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:A_tomb_in_Yuelu_Mountain_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਯੂਲੂ ਪਹਾੜ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਕਬਰ"><img alt="ਯੂਲੂ ਪਹਾੜ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਕਬਰ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/A_tomb_in_Yuelu_Mountain_4.jpg/90px-A_tomb_in_Yuelu_Mountain_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/A_tomb_in_Yuelu_Mountain_4.jpg/135px-A_tomb_in_Yuelu_Mountain_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/A_tomb_in_Yuelu_Mountain_4.jpg/180px-A_tomb_in_Yuelu_Mountain_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਯੂਲੂ ਪਹਾੜ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਕਬਰ</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ"><span id=".E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.AE-.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.9C"></span>ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=35" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਰਸਮ-ਰਿਵਾਜ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Folk_Dance_and_Costumes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Folk_Dance_and_Costumes.jpg/220px-Folk_Dance_and_Costumes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Folk_Dance_and_Costumes.jpg/330px-Folk_Dance_and_Costumes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Folk_Dance_and_Costumes.jpg/440px-Folk_Dance_and_Costumes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>ਲੋਕ ਨਾਚ ਅਤੇ ਲੋਕ ਪਹਿਰਾਵਾ</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Folk_Chinese_Wedding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Folk_Chinese_Wedding.jpg/220px-Folk_Chinese_Wedding.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Folk_Chinese_Wedding.jpg/330px-Folk_Chinese_Wedding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Folk_Chinese_Wedding.jpg/440px-Folk_Chinese_Wedding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>ਲੋਕ ਚੀਨੀ ਵਿਆਹ</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਲੋਕ_ਕਲਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਲੋਕ ਕਲਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=36" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਲੋਕ ਕਲਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਭੋਜਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.AD.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਭੋਜਨ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=37" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਭੋਜਨ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨੀ ਪਕਵਾਨ <i> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ">ਚੀਨੀ ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ</a> ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਣ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਵਿਭਿੰਨ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਚੀਨੀ ਦੇ ਪਕਵਾਨ ਵੀ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ,ਜੋ ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਦੇ ਹੋਰ ਹਿੱਸਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਸਦੇ ਹਨ। </i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਚੀਨੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਚੀਨੀ</a> ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੀ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਤਾਕਤ ਦੇ ਕਾਰਨ, ਚੀਨੀ ਪਕਵਾਨਾਂ ਨੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਏਸ਼ੀਆ">ਏਸ਼ੀਆ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਕਈ ਹੋਰ ਪਕਵਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਚੀਨੀ ਭੋਜਨ ਸਟੈਪਲ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2" title="ਚਾਵਲ">ਚਾਵਲ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੋਇਆ ਸਾਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੋਇਆ ਸਾਸ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਨੂਡਲਜ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨੂਡਲਜ਼</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9" title="ਚਾਹ">ਚਾਹ</a>, ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਟੋਫੂ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਟੋਫੂ</a>, ਅਤੇ ਬਰਤਨ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੋਪਸਟਿਕਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਚੋਪਸਟਿਕਸ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wok (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵਾਕ</a>, ਹੁਣ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਭਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਇਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਚੀਨੀ ਸੂਬਿਆਂ ਦੀ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮੌਸਮੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮੌਸਮੀ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਪਕਾਉਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਖਾਣਾ ਪਕਾਉਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ</a> ਦੀ ਤਰਜੀਹ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੀਨੀ ਪਕਵਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਪਿਛੋਕੜ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਚੀਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਸਲੀ ਸਮੂਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨਸਲੀ ਸਮੂਹਾਂ</a> ਵਿੱਚਲੇ ਅੰਤਰ ਤੇ ਨਿਰਭਰ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਫੋਟੋ_ਗੈਲਰੀ_2"><span id=".E0.A8.AB.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.9F.E0.A9.8B_.E0.A8.97.E0.A9.88.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80_2"></span>ਫੋਟੋ ਗੈਲਰੀ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Beijing_traditional_breakfast_Chaogan_Youbing.jpg/240px-Beijing_traditional_breakfast_Chaogan_Youbing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਬੀਜਿੰਗ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਨਾਸ਼ਤਾ ਚਾਓਗਨ ਯੂਬਿੰਗ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Brisket_Kuy_Teav_-_Shantou_-_20170302.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਬ੍ਰਿਸਕੇਟ ਕੁਏ ਟੀਵ ਫੁਹੇਚੇਂਗ, ਸ਼ਾਂਤੌ, ਗੁਆਂਗਡੋਂਗ, ਚੀਨ ਵਿਚਲੀ ਪੇਸ਼ਕਸ਼"><img alt="ਬ੍ਰਿਸਕੇਟ ਕੁਏ ਟੀਵ ਫੁਹੇਚੇਂਗ, ਸ਼ਾਂਤੌ, ਗੁਆਂਗਡੋਂਗ, ਚੀਨ ਵਿਚਲੀ ਪੇਸ਼ਕਸ਼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Brisket_Kuy_Teav_-_Shantou_-_20170302.jpg/120px-Brisket_Kuy_Teav_-_Shantou_-_20170302.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cabbage_rolls_in_yellow_mustard_%2820191024191957%29.jpg/120px-Cabbage_rolls_in_yellow_mustard_%2820191024191957%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cabbage_rolls_in_yellow_mustard_%2820191024191957%29.jpg/180px-Cabbage_rolls_in_yellow_mustard_%2820191024191957%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cabbage_rolls_in_yellow_mustard_%2820191024191957%29.jpg/240px-Cabbage_rolls_in_yellow_mustard_%2820191024191957%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3486" data-file-height="2324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਇਹ ਬੀਜਿੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਹੌਰਸ ਡੂਯੁਵਰੇ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਬੋਲ-ਚਾਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਿਮੋਡੂਨਰ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Chongqing_Hot_Pot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਲੋਕ ਸਿਚੁਆਨ ਪਕਵਾਨ ਚੋਂਗਕਿੰਗ ਹੌਟ ਪੌਟ"><img alt="ਲੋਕ ਸਿਚੁਆਨ ਪਕਵਾਨ ਚੋਂਗਕਿੰਗ ਹੌਟ ਪੌਟ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chongqing_Hot_Pot.jpg/120px-Chongqing_Hot_Pot.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chongqing_Hot_Pot.jpg/180px-Chongqing_Hot_Pot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chongqing_Hot_Pot.jpg/240px-Chongqing_Hot_Pot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਲੋਕ ਸਿਚੁਆਨ ਪਕਵਾਨ ਚੋਂਗਕਿੰਗ ਹੌਟ ਪੌਟ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Cold_rice_noodles_in_Kunming_(20180213142756).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਕਨਮਿੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ"><img alt="ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਕਨਮਿੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cold_rice_noodles_in_Kunming_%2820180213142756%29.jpg/120px-Cold_rice_noodles_in_Kunming_%2820180213142756%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cold_rice_noodles_in_Kunming_%2820180213142756%29.jpg/180px-Cold_rice_noodles_in_Kunming_%2820180213142756%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Cold_rice_noodles_in_Kunming_%2820180213142756%29.jpg/240px-Cold_rice_noodles_in_Kunming_%2820180213142756%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਕਨਮਿੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Cuisine_of_Guangdong_1.jpg" 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height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cuisine_of_Guangdong_9.jpg/180px-Cuisine_of_Guangdong_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cuisine_of_Guangdong_9.jpg/240px-Cuisine_of_Guangdong_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਗੁਆਂਗਡੋਂਗ ਦਾ ਪਕਵਾਨ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Cuisine_of_Macau_(seafood).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਮਕਾਉ ਦਾ ਖਾਣਾ (ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਭੋਜਨ)"><img alt="ਮਕਾਉ ਦਾ ਖਾਣਾ (ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਭੋਜਨ)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cuisine_of_Macau_%28seafood%29.jpg/103px-Cuisine_of_Macau_%28seafood%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cuisine_of_Macau_%28seafood%29.jpg/155px-Cuisine_of_Macau_%28seafood%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cuisine_of_Macau_%28seafood%29.jpg/207px-Cuisine_of_Macau_%28seafood%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3440" data-file-height="3986" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਮਕਾਉ ਦਾ ਖਾਣਾ (ਸਮੁੰਦਰੀ ਭੋਜਨ)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Cuisine_of_north_east_of_China_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਉੱਤਰ ਪੂਰਬ ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਪਕਵਾਨ"><img alt="ਉੱਤਰ ਪੂਰਬ ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਪਕਵਾਨ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cuisine_of_north_east_of_China_3.jpg/90px-Cuisine_of_north_east_of_China_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Dim_sum_5.jpg/240px-Dim_sum_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਡਿਮ ਸੂਮ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Gabacai_in_Binhai,_Tianjin_(20191006081240).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਇਹ ਸਿਰਫ ਤਿਆਨਜਿਨ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਨਾਸ਼ਤੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੇਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।"><img alt="ਇਹ ਸਿਰਫ ਤਿਆਨਜਿਨ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਨਾਸ਼ਤੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੇਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gabacai_in_Binhai%2C_Tianjin_%2820191006081240%29.jpg/120px-Gabacai_in_Binhai%2C_Tianjin_%2820191006081240%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gabacai_in_Binhai%2C_Tianjin_%2820191006081240%29.jpg/180px-Gabacai_in_Binhai%2C_Tianjin_%2820191006081240%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gabacai_in_Binhai%2C_Tianjin_%2820191006081240%29.jpg/240px-Gabacai_in_Binhai%2C_Tianjin_%2820191006081240%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="2608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਇਹ ਸਿਰਫ ਤਿਆਨਜਿਨ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਨਾਸ਼ਤੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੇਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Fish_noodle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ਚਾਂਗਸ਼ਾ, ਹੁਨਾਨ, ਪੀ.ਆਰ. ਚਾਈਨਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਰੈਸਟੋਰੈਂਟ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਰਵ ਕੀਤੀ ਮੱਛੀ ਦੇ ਨੂਡਲ"><img alt="ਚਾਂਗਸ਼ਾ, ਹੁਨਾਨ, ਪੀ.ਆਰ. ਚਾਈਨਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਰੈਸਟੋਰੈਂਟ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਰਵ ਕੀਤੀ ਮੱਛੀ ਦੇ ਨੂਡਲ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fish_noodle.jpg/120px-Fish_noodle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fish_noodle.jpg/180px-Fish_noodle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Fish_noodle.jpg/240px-Fish_noodle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ਚਾਂਗਸ਼ਾ, ਹੁਨਾਨ, ਪੀ.ਆਰ. ਚਾਈਨਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਰੈਸਟੋਰੈਂਟ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਰਵ ਕੀਤੀ ਮੱਛੀ ਦੇ ਨੂਡਲ</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਤਿਉਹਾਰ"><span id=".E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.89.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B0"></span>ਤਿਉਹਾਰ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=39" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਤਿਉਹਾਰ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਖੇਡਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.96.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.A1.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਖੇਡਾਂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=40" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਖੇਡਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਚੀਨ ਨੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ">ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ</a> ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰੀ ਹੋਈਆ ਹਨ। ਚੀਨ ਨੇ ਖੇਡਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਤਗਮੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਤ ਕਰ ਕੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ਅਮਰੀਕਾ">ਅਮਰੀਕਾ</a> ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਪੱਛਮੀ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਛਾੜ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਹੈ। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਮੀਡੀਆ_ਤੇ_ਸਿਨੇਮਾ"><span id=".E0.A8.AE.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.A1.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.86_.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.BE"></span>ਮੀਡੀਆ ਤੇ ਸਿਨੇਮਾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=41" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਮੀਡੀਆ ਤੇ ਸਿਨੇਮਾ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ_ਤੇ_ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.85.E0.A8.9C.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.87.E0.A8.AC.E0.A8.98.E0.A8.B0_.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.B2.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.87.E0.A8.AC.E0.A9.8D.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.82"></span>ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ ਤੇ ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=42" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਅਜਾਇਬਘਰ ਤੇ ਲਾਇਬ੍ਰੇਰੀਆਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਮਸਲੇ_ਅਤੇ_ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.85.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.87_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.AE.E0.A9.B1.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਮਸਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=43" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਮਸਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਮੱਸਿਆਵਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ_ਮਸਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.85.E0.A9.B0.E0.A8.A6.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.82.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਮਸਲੇ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=44" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਮਸਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਮਸਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.AC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.AE.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਬਾਹਰੀ ਮਸਲੇ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=45" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਬਾਹਰੀ ਮਸਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.B9_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.96.E0.A9.8B"></span>ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=46" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=47" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChan,_Kam_Wing2007" class="citation journal cs1">Chan, Kam Wing (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173048/http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf">"Misconceptions and Complexities in the Study of China's Cities: Definitions, Statistics, and।mplications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasian_Geography_and_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurasian Geography and Economics (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Eurasian Geography and Economics</a></i>. <b>48</b> (4): 383–412. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2747%2F1538-7216.48.4.383">10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.383</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courses.washington.edu/chinageo/ChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurasian+Geography+and+Economics&rft.atitle=Misconceptions+and+Complexities+in+the+Study+of+China%27s+Cities%3A+Definitions%2C+Statistics%2C+and%E0%A5%A4mplications&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=383-412&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2747%2F1538-7216.48.4.383&rft.au=Chan%2C+Kam+Wing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcourses.washington.edu%2Fchinageo%2FChanCityDefinitionsEGE2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> p. 395</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150225141156/http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007-11/15/content_1372963.htm">"Constitution of the People's Republic of China"</a>. The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China. 15 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/Constitution/2007-11/15/content_1372963.htm">the original</a> on 25 ਫ਼ਰਵਰੀ 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.pub=The+National+People%27s+Congress+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2007-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npc.gov.cn%2Fenglishnpc%2FConstitution%2F2007-11%2F15%2Fcontent_1372963.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/89.html">HDRstats.undp.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100715100335/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/89.html">Archived</a> 2010-07-15 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. (२००९) संरामावि</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/file_download.php/b44872c5f2dfd9c825236194562a2b7fRoss_China.doc">""Where And Who Are The World’s।lliterates: China"</a> यूनेस्को</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-03/05/content_5800996.htm">"Premier Wen announces hefty educational investment"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbt-5mar14-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nbt-5mar14_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hindi.economictimes.indiatimes.com/world/asian-countries/china-hikes-defence-budget-by-12-2-to-132-bln/articleshow/31451581.cms">"चीन ने अपने डिफेंस बजट में की 12.2 फीसदी की बढ़ोतरी"</a>. नवभारत टाईम्स. 5 मार्च 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 5 मार्च 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+12.2+%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&rft.pub=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhindi.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fasian-countries%2Fchina-hikes-defence-budget-by-12-2-to-132-bln%2Farticleshow%2F31451581.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" 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