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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-攷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#攷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>攷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-攷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有37種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8" title="تعلم مراقب – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعلم مراقب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B2%D8%A6%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%8C)_%D8%A7%D8%A4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%85%D9%87" title="گؤزئتیملی (نیظارتلی) اؤیرنمه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گؤزئتیملی (نیظارتلی) اؤیرنمه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8" title="তত্ত্বাবধানাধীন শিখন – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তত্ত্বাবধানাধীন শিখন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadzirano_u%C4%8Denje" title="Nadzirano učenje – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nadzirano učenje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprenentatge_supervisat" title="Aprenentatge supervisat – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aprenentatge supervisat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88" title="فێربوونی چاودێریکراو – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فێربوونی چاودێریکراو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Den%C3%AD_s_u%C4%8Ditelem" title="Učení s učitelem – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Učení s učitelem" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Supervised learning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cberwachtes_Lernen" title="Überwachtes Lernen – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Überwachtes Lernen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Επιβλεπόμενη μάθηση – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιβλεπόμενη μάθηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Supervised learning" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprendizaje_supervisado" title="Aprendizaje supervisado – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aprendizaje supervisado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhendatud_masin%C3%B5pe" title="Juhendatud masinõpe – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juhendatud masinõpe" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="یادگیری نظارت‌شده – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یادگیری نظارت‌شده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohjattu_oppiminen" title="Ohjattu oppiminen – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohjattu oppiminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprentissage_supervis%C3%A9" title="Apprentissage supervisé – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apprentissage supervisé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA" title="למידה מונחית – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="למידה מונחית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B2_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Վերահսկվող ուսուցում – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերահսկվող ուսուցում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemelajaran_terarah" title="Pemelajaran terarah – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemelajaran terarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apprendimento_supervisionato" title="Apprendimento supervisionato – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apprendimento supervisionato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E5%AD%A6%E7%BF%92" title="教師あり学習 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="教師あり学習" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%8F%84_%ED%95%99%EC%8A%B5" title="지도 학습 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지도 학습" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3" title="पर्यवेक्षी शिक्षण – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्यवेक्षी शिक्षण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Supervised learning" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%A1_%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D" title="ସୁପରଭାଇଜଡ ଲର୍ଣ୍ଣିଙ୍ଗ୍ – 歐利亞文" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୁପରଭାଇଜଡ ଲର୍ଣ୍ଣିଙ୍ଗ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="歐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uczenie_nadzorowane" title="Uczenie nadzorowane – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uczenie nadzorowane" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprendizagem_supervisionada" title="Aprendizagem supervisionada – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aprendizagem supervisionada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhawasqa_yachay" title="Qhawasqa yachay – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhawasqa yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Обучение с учителем – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обучение с учителем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Supervised learning" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadzirano_u%C4%8Denje" title="Nadzirano učenje – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nadzirano učenje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="การเรียนรู้แบบมีผู้สอน – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเรียนรู้แบบมีผู้สอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6zetimli_%C3%B6%C4%9Frenme" title="Gözetimli öğrenme – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gözetimli öğrenme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Кероване навчання – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кероване навчання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Dc_c%C3%B3_gi%C3%A1m_s%C3%A1t" title="Học có giám sát – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Học có giám sát" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="监督学习 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="监督学习" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0m-tok_ha%CC%8Dk-si%CC%8Dp" title="Kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàm-tok ha̍k-si̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q334384#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><p><b>監督式學習</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en"><b>supervised learning</b></span>）係<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="機械學習">機械學習</a>上最直接嗰種學習範式。監督式學習<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="演算法">演算法</a>做嘅嘢係建立一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="數學模型">數學模型</a>模擬柞<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" title="數據">數據</a>，佢當中某啲<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E6%95%B8_(%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94)" title="變數 (科研)">變數</a>扮演輸入、又有啲變數扮演輸出。柞學習用嘅數據係所謂嘅<i>訓練用數據</i>（training data）。用<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="數學">數學</a>行話講返，即係要搵出一柞已知嘅例子，有若干對輸入（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span>）同正確輸出（<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}"></span>），<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\displaystyle (x,y),x\in X,y\in Y}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>Y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\displaystyle (x,y),x\in X,y\in Y}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/efda2720381ca794e49df19dca511d013b23c954" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.316ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\displaystyle (x,y),x\in X,y\in Y}}"></span>，再由容許得嘅函數當中搵返個同啲例子最啱搭嘅函數 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\displaystyle f:X\rightarrow Y}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>Y</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\displaystyle f:X\rightarrow Y}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/435bb93d31de8ead77bdc9c5e42548cc456bd4b3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.583ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\displaystyle f:X\rightarrow Y}}"></span> 出嚟。喺呢種學習之下，個神經網絡會由研究者度收到一柞數據俾佢學，好似有個老師噉－所以就叫「監督」式學習<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <dl><dt>例子碼</dt></dl> <p>用電腦程式嚟整人工神經細胞，例如以下呢段碼，係頭先嗰個用 Python 寫嘅感知機嘅擴充版，用一個簡單嘅演算法教個感知機學識<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E6%88%96" title="邏輯或">邏輯或</a>（logical or）<sup id="cite_ref-firstneural_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-firstneural-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">random</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">os</span> <span class="c1"># 指明要用邊柞指令。</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># 設一個數做學習率。</span> <span class="n">bias</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1"># 設定 bias 值</span> <span class="n">weights</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">(),</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="p">()]</span> <span class="c1"># 設定三個權重值，每個都係一個隨機喺 0 同 1 之間揀嘅數值。</span> <span class="c1"># set 好嗮所有嘢喇，開始程式。</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">Perceptron</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">output</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="c1"># 定義一個感知機，個感知機有兩個輸入同一個輸出。</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">input1</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">input2</span> <span class="n">outputP</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">input1</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">weights</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">input2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">weights</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">bias</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">weights</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="c1"># 按照柞權重、輸入、同 bias 計個感知機嘅輸出係乜。</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">outputP</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">outputP</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">outputP</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1"># 個感知機得兩個輸出值－「0」同「1」。</span> <span class="n">error</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">outputP</span> <span class="c1"># 計個誤差值－即係「實際輸出」同「個感知機俾嘅輸出」差幾遠。</span> <span class="n">weights</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">error</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">input1</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">weights</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">error</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">input2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">weights</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">error</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">bias</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="c1"># 按誤差值計吓，每個權重值要改變幾多。</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"or"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"is : "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">outputP</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 將輸入值同輸出值 show 出嚟俾個用家睇。</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Perceptron</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Perceptron</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Perceptron</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">Perceptron</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 俾柞數據個感知機 run 好多次。由呢柞數據睇得出，數據所顯示嘅係一個邏輯或－當「是但一個輸入係 1」或者「兩個都係 1」嗰陣，個輸出要係「1」，而當「兩個都係 0」嗰陣，輸出要係「0」－「輸出係 1」 if 「第一個輸入係 1」 or 「第二個輸入係 1」。</span> <span class="c1"># 結果係，初頭嗰陣個感知機會犯錯，例如喺其中一個輸入係 1 另一個係 0 嗰陣俾 0 做輸出，但係慢慢學吓學吓，佢就變到識得做邏輯或噉嘅反應。</span> </pre></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E6%80%A7%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" class="mw-redirect" title="相似性學習">相似性學習</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M.R. Smith and T. Martinez (2011). "Improving Classification Accuracy by Identifying and Removing Instances that Should Be Misclassified". <i>Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks</i> (IJCNN 2011). pp. 2690–2697.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-firstneural-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-firstneural_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="yue" dir="ltr">引用錯誤無效嘅<code><ref></code>標籤；無文字提供畀叫做<code>firstneural</code>嘅參照</span></li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="機械學習同數據探勘" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="Template:機械學習"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none 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id="可以睇埋機械學習詞彙同數據科學">可以睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8#機械學習" title="人工智能詞彙表">機械學習詞彙</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="數據科學">數據科學</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基本概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="學習">學習</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E8%AB%96" title="運算學習論">運算學習論</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%AF%E5%88%86%E5%BA%A6" title="線性可分度">線性可分度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E5%89%8D%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="事前數據處理">事前數據處理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96" title="特徵提取">特徵提取</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA" title="知識表示">知識表示</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artificial_neural_network.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Artificial_neural_network.svg/langyue-210px-Artificial_neural_network.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Artificial_neural_network.svg/langyue-315px-Artificial_neural_network.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">網絡基礎</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" title="人工神經細胞">人工神經細胞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%A5%8B%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="前饋神經網絡">前饋網絡</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="感知機">感知機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B1%A4%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="多層感知機">多層感知機</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9E%E8%BF%B4%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="遞迴神經網絡">遞迴網絡</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E8%8F%B2%E7%89%B9%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="霍菲特網絡">霍菲特網絡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%8C%B2%E6%9B%BC%E6%A9%9F" title="玻茲曼機">玻茲曼機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%AD%E6%9C%9F%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" title="長短期記憶">長短期記憶</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%9C%96%E9%9D%88%E6%A9%9F" title="神經圖靈機">神經圖靈機</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="深度學習">深度學習</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E7%A9%8D%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="卷積神經網絡">卷積網絡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E9%99%90%E7%8E%BB%E8%8C%B2%E6%9B%BC%E6%A9%9F" title="受限玻茲曼機">受限玻茲曼機</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%B5%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="深度信念網絡">深度信念網絡</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%BC%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="深度強化學習">深度強化學習</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">網絡概念</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%91%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="反向傳播算法">反向傳播算法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6" title="關注機制">關注機制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%B0%8D%E6%8A%97%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="生成對抗網絡">生成對抗網絡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%BC%E6%B5%81%E5%98%85%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="基於流嘅生成模型">基於流嘅生成模型</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BC%E5%99%A8" title="自編碼器">自編碼器</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E8%A1%9D%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="脈衝神經網絡">脈衝神經網絡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%B0%8D%E6%98%A0" title="自組織對映">自組織對映</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%BD" title="人工神經網絡種類一覽">網絡種類一覽</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">其他模型</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E7%AD%96%E6%A8%B9%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="決策樹學習">決策樹模型</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="隨機森林">隨機森林</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E7%AD%96%E6%A8%B9%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D" title="決策樹剪枝">剪枝</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E8%91%89%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="貝葉斯網絡">貝葉斯網絡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%8F%B4%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E6%A9%9F" title="支援向量機">支援向量機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E8%81%AF%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="關聯規則學習">關聯規則模型</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%8C%96" title="最佳化">最佳化</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="誤差函數">誤差函數</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AC%E5%B1%B1%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="爬山演算法">爬山演算法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AF%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D%E6%B3%95" title="梯度下降法">梯度下降法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%8C%96" title="全局最佳化">全局最佳化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%89%87%E5%8C%96_(%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8)" title="正則化 (數學)">正則化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%88%86%E6%8E%A8%E6%96%B7" title="變分推斷">變分推斷</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="資訊最大化原則">資訊最大化</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學習範式</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">監督式學習</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="非監督式學習">非監督式學習</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="強化學習">強化學習</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="遺傳演算法">遺傳演算法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="主動機械學習">主動機械學習</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">模型評估</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A9%E6%8A%BD%E6%A8%A3%E6%B3%95" title="自助抽樣法">自助抽樣法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E9%A9%97%E8%AD%89" title="交叉驗證">交叉驗證</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="訓練曲線">訓練曲線</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E5%90%88%E5%BA%A6%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8" title="適合度函數">適合度函數</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E9%81%A9" title="過適">過適</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="數據科學">主要應用</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="統計分類">統計分類</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="線性分類機">線性分類機</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%BE%B5%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="表徵學習">表徵學習</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%B6%AD" title="降維">降維</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="特徵選擇">特徵選擇</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%A1%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="聚類分析">聚類分析</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8%E6%AA%A2%E6%B8%AC" title="異常檢測">異常檢測</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">拉雜相關</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="集成學習">集成學習</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="統計">統計</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="資訊理論">資訊理論</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%86%B5" title="資訊熵">資訊熵</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="資訊系統">資訊系統</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E9%81%8E%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊過多">資訊過多</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" 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