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motivation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: financial motivation"> <meta name="keywords" content="financial motivation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="financial motivation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4031</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: financial motivation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3881</span> Critical Accounting Estimates and Transparency in Financial Reporting: An Observation Financial Reporting under US GAAP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Shaik">Ahmed Shaik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Estimates are very critical in accounting and Financial Reporting cannot be complete without these estimates. There is a long list of accounting estimates that are required to be made to compute Net Income and to determine the value of assets and liabilities. To name a few, valuation of inventory, depreciation, valuation of goodwill, provision for bad debts and estimated warranties, etc. require the use of different valuation models and forecasts. Different business entities under the same industry may use different approaches to measure the value of financial items being reported in Income Statement and Balance Sheet. The disclosure notes do not provide enough details of the approach used by a business entity to arrive at the value of a financial item. Lack of details in the disclosure notes makes it difficult to compare the financial performance of one business entity with the other in the same industry. This paper is an attempt to identify the lack of enough information about accounting estimates in disclosure notes, the impact of the absence of details of accounting estimates on the comparability of financial data and financial analysis. An attempt is made to suggest the detailed disclosure while taking care of the cost and benefit of making such disclosure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20estimates" title="accounting estimates">accounting estimates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disclosure%20notes" title=" disclosure notes"> disclosure notes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20reporting" title=" financial reporting"> financial reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency" title=" transparency"> transparency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84423/critical-accounting-estimates-and-transparency-in-financial-reporting-an-observation-financial-reporting-under-us-gaap" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3880</span> Working Conditions, Motivation and Job Performance of Hotel Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thushel%20Jayaweera">Thushel Jayaweera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In performance evaluation literature, there has been no investigation indicating the impact of job characteristics, working conditions and motivation on the job performance among the hotel workers in Britain. This study tested the relationship between working conditions (physical and psychosocial working conditions) and job performance (task and contextual performance) with motivators (e.g. recognition, achievement, the work itself, the possibility for growth and work significance) as the mediating variable. A total of 254 hotel workers in 25 hotels in Bristol, United Kingdom participated in this study. Working conditions influenced job performance and motivation moderated the relationship between working conditions and job performance. Poor workplace conditions resulted in decreasing employee performance. The results point to the importance of motivators among hotel workers and highlighted that work be designed to provide recognition and sense of autonomy on the job to enhance job performance of the hotel workers. These findings have implications for organizational interventions aimed at increasing employee job performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotel%20workers" title="hotel workers">hotel workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20conditions" title=" working conditions"> working conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20characteristics" title=" job characteristics"> job characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20performance" title=" job performance"> job performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21337/working-conditions-motivation-and-job-performance-of-hotel-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3879</span> Financial Development and Economic Growth of Sub-Saharan Africa Using System GMM Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temesgen%20Yaekob%20Ergano">Temesgen Yaekob Ergano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sure%20Pulla%20Rao"> Sure Pulla Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study on financial development and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa utilizes System GMM analysis to investigate the relationship between financial development indicators and economic performance in the region. The research findings reveal significant impacts of various financial indicators on economic growth, such as the positive influence of bank liquid reserves to bank assets ratio (R/A), trade openness, and the broad money to total reserves ratio (M/R) on the economic growth of Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, the study highlights the negative impact of domestic credit provided to the private sector by banks (D_bank) on economic growth, emphasizing the importance of prudent credit allocation to avoid over-indebtedness and financial crises. These results provide valuable insights for policymakers aiming to foster sustainable economic growth in the region by leveraging financial development effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20development" title="financial development">financial development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" Sub-Saharan Africa"> Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20GMM%20analysis" title=" system GMM analysis"> system GMM analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20indicators." title=" financial indicators."> financial indicators.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185380/financial-development-and-economic-growth-of-sub-saharan-africa-using-system-gmm-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3878</span> Financial Inclusion in Indonesia and Its Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen%20Sun">Yen Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pariang%20Siagian"> Pariang Siagian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to examine the progress of financial inclusion in Indonesia. The object of this paper is Micro Enterprises (MEs) and methodology used will be qualitative method by using surveys and questionnaires. The results show that there are still 20% MEs have no banking facilities at all and about 78% MEs still use their own capital to run their business. Furthermore, personal characteristics such as gender and education are factors that can explain financial inclusion. It is also said that in general MEs need banking product and services. However, there are still barriers that hinder them to be financially included. The most barriers they have to face are marketing exclusion. It shows that they have lack information about banking product and services since marketing strategy from bank is not disseminated clearly through various media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title="financial inclusion">financial inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20exclusion" title=" financial exclusion"> financial exclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20enterprises" title=" micro enterprises"> micro enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19301/financial-inclusion-in-indonesia-and-its-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3877</span> A Case Study to Observe How Students’ Perception of the Possibility of Success Impacts Their Performance in Summative Exams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rochelle%20Elva">Rochelle Elva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Faculty in Higher Education today are faced with the challenge of convincing their students of the importance of learning and mastery of skills. This is because most students often have a single motivation -to get high grades. If it appears that this goal will not be met, they lose their motivation, and their academic efforts wane. This is true even for students in the competitive fields of STEM, including Computer Science majors. As educators, we have to understand our students and leverage what motivates them to achieve our learning outcomes. This paper presents a case study that utilizes cognitive psychology’s Expectancy Value Theory and Motivation Theory to investigate the effect of sustained expectancy for success on students’ learning outcomes. In our case study, we explore how students’ motivation and persistence in their academic efforts are impacted by providing them with an unexpected possible path to success that continues to the end of the semester. The approach was tested in an undergraduate computer science course with n = 56. The results of the study indicate that when presented with the real possibility of success, despite existing low grades, both low and high-scoring students persisted in their efforts to improve their performance. Their final grades were, on average, one place higher on the +/-letter grade scale, with some students scoring as high as three places above their predicted grade. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectancy%20for%20success%20and%20persistence" title="expectancy for success and persistence">expectancy for success and persistence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation%20and%20performance" title=" motivation and performance"> motivation and performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20science%20education" title=" computer science education"> computer science education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation%20and%20performance%20in%20computer%20science" title=" motivation and performance in computer science"> motivation and performance in computer science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162472/a-case-study-to-observe-how-students-perception-of-the-possibility-of-success-impacts-their-performance-in-summative-exams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3876</span> Building a Composite Approach to Employees' Motivational Needs by Combining Cognitive Needs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Akinyemi">Alexis Akinyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurene%20Houtin"> Laurene Houtin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measures of employee motivation at work are often based on the theory of self-determined motivation, which implies that human resources departments and managers seek to motivate employees in the most self-determined way possible and use strategies to achieve this goal. In practice, they often tend to assess employee motivation and then adapt management to the most important source of motivation for their employees, for example by financially rewarding an employee who is extrinsically motivated, and by rewarding an intrinsically motivated employee with congratulations and recognition. Thus, the use of motivation measures contradicts theoretical positioning: theory does not provide for the promotion of extrinsically motivated behaviour. In addition, a corpus of social psychology linked to fundamental needs makes it possible to personally address a person’s different sources of motivation (need for cognition, need for uniqueness, need for effects and need for closure). By developing a composite measure of motivation based on these needs, we provide human resources professionals, and in particular occupational psychologists, with a tool that complements the assessment of self-determined motivation, making it possible to precisely address the objective of adapting work not to the self-determination of behaviours, but to the motivational traits of employees. To develop such a model, we gathered the French versions of the cognitive needs scales (need for cognition, need for uniqueness, need for effects, need for closure) and conducted a study with 645 employees of several French companies. On the basis of the data collected, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the model, studied the correlations between the various needs, and highlighted the different reference groups that could be used to use these needs as a basis for interviews with employees (career, recruitment, etc.). The results showed a coherent model and the expected links between the different needs. Taken together, these results make it possible to propose a valid and theoretically adjusted tool to managers who wish to adapt their management to their employees’ current motivations, whether or not these motivations are self-determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title="motivation">motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20commitment" title=" work commitment"> work commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20needs" title=" cognitive needs"> cognitive needs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118177/building-a-composite-approach-to-employees-motivational-needs-by-combining-cognitive-needs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3875</span> A Literature Review on the Effect of Financial Knowledge toward Corporate Growth: The Important Role of Financial Risk Attitude</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risna%20Wijayanti">Risna Wijayanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumiati"> Sumiati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanif%20Iswari"> Hanif Iswari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to analyze the role of financial risk attitude as a mediation between financial knowledge and business growth. The ability of human resources in managing capital (financial literacy) can be a major milestone for a company's business to grow and build its competitive advantage. This study analyzed the important role of financial risk attitude in bringing about financial knowledge on corporate growth. There have been many discussions arguing that financial knowledge is one of the main abilities of corporate managers in determining the success of managing a company. However, a contrary argument of other scholars also enlightened that financial knowledge did not have a significant influence on corporate growth. This study used literatures' review to analyze whether there is another variable that can mediate the effect of financial knowledge toward corporate growth. Research mapping was conducted to analyze the concept of risk tolerance. This concept was related to people's risk aversion effects when making a decision under risk and the role of financial knowledge on changes in financial income. Understanding and managing risks and investments are complicated, in particular for corporate managers, who are always demanded to maintain their corporate growth. Substantial financial knowledge is extremely needed to identify and take accurate information for corporate financial decision-making. By reviewing several literature, this study hypothesized that financial knowledge of corporate managers would be meaningless without manager's courage to bear risks for taking favorable business opportunities. Therefore, the level of risk aversion from corporate managers will determine corporate action, which is a reflection of corporate-level investment behavior leading to attain corporate success or failure for achieving the company's expected growth rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20knowledge" title="financial knowledge">financial knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20risk%20attitude" title=" financial risk attitude"> financial risk attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20growth" title=" corporate growth"> corporate growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20tolerance" title=" risk tolerance"> risk tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137708/a-literature-review-on-the-effect-of-financial-knowledge-toward-corporate-growth-the-important-role-of-financial-risk-attitude" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3874</span> Information on Financial Statements for Loan Decision-Making of Commercial Banks in Vietnam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mai%20Hoang%20Minh">Mai Hoang Minh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Financial statements (FS) are tools which provide information to users for making business decisions. This article is going to present the survey which clarifies the role of financial statement to Commercial Banks’ loan decisions in Vietnam. Moreover, this also discusses about financial statement’s quality currently, thereby making suggestions for enterprises to enhance the usefulness of accounting information in borrowing activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usefulness%20of%20financial%20statement" title="usefulness of financial statement">usefulness of financial statement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20information%20quality" title=" accounting information quality"> accounting information quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loan%20decisions" title=" loan decisions"> loan decisions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11584/information-on-financial-statements-for-loan-decision-making-of-commercial-banks-in-vietnam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3873</span> Environmental Sustainability and Energy Consumption: The Role of Financial Development in OPEC-1 Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isah%20Wada">Isah Wada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current research investigates the role of financial development in an environmental sustainability-energy consumption nexus for OPEC-1 member countries. The empirical findings suggest that financial development increases environmental sustainability but energy consumption and real output expansion diminishes environmental sustainability, generally. Thus, whilst real output and financial development accelerates energy consumption, environmental sustainability quality diminishes clean energy initiatives. Even more so, energy consumption and financial development stimulates real output growth. The result empirically demonstrates that policy advocates must address broader issues relating to financial development whilst seeking to achieve environmental sustainability due largely to energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title="energy consumption">energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20development" title=" financial development"> financial development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPEC" title=" OPEC"> OPEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20output" title=" real output"> real output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121658/environmental-sustainability-and-energy-consumption-the-role-of-financial-development-in-opec-1-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3872</span> Agricultural Education by Media in Yogyakarta, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Retno%20Dwi%20Wahyuningrum">Retno Dwi Wahyuningrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunarru%20Samsi%20Hariadi"> Sunarru Samsi Hariadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Education in agriculture is very significant; in a way that it can support farmers to improve their business. This can be done through certain media, such as printed, audio, and audio-visual media. To find out the effects of the media toward the knowledge, attitude, and motivation of farmers in order to adopt innovation, the study was conducted on 342 farmers, randomly selected from 12 farmer-groups, in the districts of Sleman and Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. The study started from October 2014 to November 2015 by interviewing the respondents using a questionnaire which included 20 questions on knowledge, 20 questions on attitude, and 20 questions on adopting motivation. The data for the attitude and the adopting motivation were processed into Likert scale, then it was tested for validity and reliability. Differences in the levels of knowledge, attitude, and motivation were tested based on percentage of average score intervals of them and categorized into five interpretation levels. The results show that printed, audio, and audio-visual media give different impacts to the farmers. First, all media make farmers very aware to agricultural innovation, but the highest percentage is on theatrical play. Second, the most effective media to raise the attitude is interactive dialogue on Radio. Finally, printed media, especially comic, is the most effective way to improve the adopting motivation of farmers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20education" title="agricultural education">agricultural education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=printed%20media" title=" printed media"> printed media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20media" title=" audio media"> audio media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio-visual%20media" title=" audio-visual media"> audio-visual media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmer%20knowledge" title=" farmer knowledge"> farmer knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmer%20attitude" title=" farmer attitude"> farmer attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmer%20adopting%20motivation" title=" farmer adopting motivation"> farmer adopting motivation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77915/agricultural-education-by-media-in-yogyakarta-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3871</span> Investigating the Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers' Motivation, Creativity and Job Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrab%20Karimian">Mehrab Karimian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the intricate relationships among Iranian EFL teachers’ motivation, creativity, and job stress in Shiraz and Fasa institutes. The primary aim is to explore these links using quantitative methods, providing a comprehensive understanding of how these factors interact within the educational context. The research employed convenient sampling, gathering data from 101 EFL teachers through three specific questionnaires: the Motivation to Teach Questionnaire, Teacher Creativity Questionnaire, and Job Stress Questionnaire. The methodology involved rigorous statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation and multiple regression, to interpret the collected data. The findings revealed positive relationships between motivation and creativity, as well as between motivation and job stress. However, no significant link was observed between creativity and job stress. Notably, creativity emerged as a strong predictor of motivation, highlighting its crucial role in the motivational dynamics of EFL teachers. The theoretical importance of this study lies in its contribution to understanding how motivation can influence both creativity and job stress among EFL teachers. By emphasizing the complex interplay of these factors, the study provides valuable insights that can inform future research and educational practices. The data collection process was thorough, utilizing well-established questionnaires to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. Statistical analyses such as Pearson correlation and multiple regression were employed to interpret the relationships between motivation, creativity, and job stress. These analyses provided a detailed understanding of how these variables interact, offering a nuanced view of the motivational and stress dynamics in the teaching profession. The study addressed key questions regarding the influence of motivation on creativity and job stress, underscoring the predictive power of creativity on motivation. The conclusion drawn from the study suggests that motivated EFL teachers may experience higher levels of job stress. This finding highlights the need for targeted interventions to support teacher well-being and maintain their motivation. Such interventions could include professional development programs, stress management workshops, and creative teaching strategies to help teachers manage stress while fostering their motivation and creativity. Reviewers have commended the study for its contribution to the field, particularly in revealing the intricate dynamics between motivation, creativity, and job stress in EFL teachers. They recommend enhancing the methodology by considering potential confounding variables and incorporating qualitative approaches to complement the quantitative findings. These suggestions aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing EFL teachers’ motivation, creativity, and job stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title="creativity">creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Job%20stress" title=" Job stress"> Job stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=years%20of%20teaching%20experience" title=" years of teaching experience"> years of teaching experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192213/investigating-the-relationship-between-iranian-efl-teachers-motivation-creativity-and-job-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3870</span> Financial Regulation and the Twin Peaks Model in a Developing and Developed Country Contexts: An Institutional Theory Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pumela%20Msweli">Pumela Msweli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dexter%20L.%20Ryneveldt"> Dexter L. Ryneveldt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper seeks to shed light on institutional logics and institutionalization processes that influence the successful implementation of financial sector regulations. We use the neo-institutional theory lens to interrogate how the newly promulgated Financial Sector Regulations Act (FSRA) provides for the institutionalisation of the Twin Peaks Model. With the enactment of FSRA, previous financial regulatory institutions were dismantled, and new financial regulators established. In point, the Financial Services Conduct Authority (FSCA) replaced the Financial Services Board (FSB), and accordingly, the Prudential Authority (PA) was established. FSRA is layered with complexities that make it mandatory to co-exist, cooperate, and collaborate with other institutions to fulfill FSRA’s overall financial stability objective. We use content analysis of the financial regulations that established the Twin Peaks Models (TPM) in South Africa and in the Netherlands, to map out the three-stage institutionalization processes: (1) habitualisation, (2) objectification and (3) sedimentation. This allowed for a comparison of how South Africa, as a developing country and Netherlands as a developed country, have institutionalized the Twin Peak model. We provide valuable insights into how differences in the institutional and societal logics of the developing and developed contexts shape the institutionalization of financial regulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20industry" title="financial industry">financial industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20regulation" title=" financial regulation"> financial regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20stability" title=" financial stability"> financial stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutionalisation" title=" institutionalisation"> institutionalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitualization" title=" habitualization"> habitualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objectification" title=" objectification"> objectification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentation" title=" sedimentation"> sedimentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twin%20peaks%20model" title=" twin peaks model"> twin peaks model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129146/financial-regulation-and-the-twin-peaks-model-in-a-developing-and-developed-country-contexts-an-institutional-theory-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3869</span> Actual and Perceived Financial Sophistication and Wealth Accumulation: The Role of Education and Gender</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20E.%20Bannier">Christina E. Bannier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milena%20Neubert"> Milena Neubert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the role of actual and perceived financial sophistication (i.e., financial literacy and confidence) for individuals’ wealth accumulation. Using survey data from the German SAVE initiative, we find strong gender- and education-related differences in the distribution of the two variables: Whereas financial literacy rises in formal education, confidence increases in education for men but decreases for women. As a consequence, highly-educated women become strongly underconfident, while men remain overconfident. We show that these differences influence wealth accumulation: The positive effect of financial literacy is stronger for women than for men and is increasing in women’s education but decreasing in men’s. For highly-educated men, however, overconfidence closes this gap by increasing wealth via stronger financial engagement. Interestingly, female underconfidence does not reduce current wealth levels though it weakens future-oriented financial engagement and may thus impair future wealth accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20literacy" title="financial literacy">financial literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20sophistication" title=" financial sophistication"> financial sophistication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence" title=" confidence"> confidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wealth" title=" wealth"> wealth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20finance" title=" household finance"> household finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20finance" title=" behavioral finance"> behavioral finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20education" title=" formal education"> formal education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47004/actual-and-perceived-financial-sophistication-and-wealth-accumulation-the-role-of-education-and-gender" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3868</span> The Psychological Specification of Motivation of Managerial Activity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Petrosyan">Laura Petrosyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The high and persistent working results are possible when people are interested in the results of the work. Motivation of working may be present as a psychological complicated phenomena, which determines person's behavior in working process. Researchers point out that working motivation is displayed in three correlated conditions. These are interest in outcomes of work, satisfaction with the work, and the third, is the level of devotion of employee. Solution of the problem of effective staff management depends on the development of workers' skills. Despite, above mentioned problem could be solved by the process of finding methods to induce the employees to the effective work. Motivation of the managerial activity aroused not only during the working process, but also before it starts. During education the future manager obtains many professional skills. However, the experience shows, that only professional skills are not enough for the effective work. Presently, one of the global educational problems is the development of motivation in professions. In psychological literature the fact is mentioned, that the motivation can be inside and outside. Outside motivation is active only at short time. Instead, inside motivation can be active during all process of the professional development. Hence, the motivation of managerial activity might be developed during the education. The future manager choose the profession being under some impression of personal qualities. Detection of future manager’s motivation will influence on the development of syllabuses. Moreover, use of the psychological methods could be evolved for preparing motivated managers. Conducted research has been done in the Public Administration Academy of the RA. The aim of research was to discover students' motivation of profession. 102 master students took part in the research from Public Administration Academy. In the research were used the following methods: method of identifying a person's motivation to succeed (T. Elers) and method of studying students’ motivation (T.E. Ilyin). First of the methods designed to explore a person's motivational orientation to get success represented by Hackhausen. The method gives the opportunity to reveal the level of motivation to success. In the second method separated three scales: i) Knowledge achievements, ii) Knowledge of the profession, iii) Get a diploma. The data obtained from these tests gave quantitative data. Aanalyses of our survey results exposes that within master students the high level have the average rates of knowledge achievements. The average rates of knowledge of the profession and geting a diploma not in high level. Furthermore, there are almost equal to each other. In the educational process The student acquiring skills not synthesize with the wield profession. Results show that specialists really view about profession not formulated yet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=managerial%20activity" title="managerial activity">managerial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20complicated%20phenomena" title=" psychological complicated phenomena"> psychological complicated phenomena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20process" title=" working process"> working process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20the%20future%20manager" title=" education the future manager"> education the future manager</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27390/the-psychological-specification-of-motivation-of-managerial-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3867</span> Chern-Simons Equation in Financial Theory and Time-Series Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ognjen%20Vukovic">Ognjen Vukovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chern-Simons equation represents the cornerstone of quantum physics. The question that is often asked is if the aforementioned equation can be successfully applied to the interaction in international financial markets. By analysing the time series in financial theory, it is proved that Chern-Simons equation can be successfully applied to financial time-series. The aforementioned statement is based on one important premise and that is that the financial time series follow the fractional Brownian motion. All variants of Chern-Simons equation and theory are applied and analysed. Financial theory time series movement is, firstly, topologically analysed. The main idea is that exchange rate represents two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional Brownian motion movement. Main principles of knot theory and topology are applied to financial time series and setting is created so the Chern-Simons equation can be applied. As Chern-Simons equation is based on small particles, it is multiplied by the magnifying factor to mimic the real world movement. Afterwards, the following equation is optimised using Solver. The equation is applied to n financial time series in order to see if it can capture the interaction between financial time series and consequently explain it. The aforementioned equation represents a novel approach to financial time series analysis and hopefully it will direct further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brownian%20motion" title="Brownian motion">Brownian motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chern-Simons%20theory" title=" Chern-Simons theory"> Chern-Simons theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20time%20series" title=" financial time series"> financial time series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=econophysics" title=" econophysics"> econophysics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30127/chern-simons-equation-in-financial-theory-and-time-series-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3866</span> Developing a HSE-Finacial Indicator Model in Oil Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Safari">Reza Safari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Rajabzadeh%20Ghatari"> Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheleh%20Hossseinzadeh%20Mahabadi"> Raheleh Hossseinzadeh Mahabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present world, there are different pressures on firms such as competition, legislations, social etc. these pressures force the firms to follow “survival” as their primary goal and then growth. One of the main factors that helps firms to reach their goals is proper financial performance. To find out about the financial performance, a firm should monitors its financial performance. Financial performance affected by many factors. This research seeks to clear which financial performance indicators are most important according to Environmental situation of a firm and what are their priorities. To do so, environmental indicators specified as presented on OECD Key Environmental Indicators 2008 and so the financial performance indicators such as Profitability, Liquidity, Gearing, Investor ratios, and etc. At this stage, the affections questioned through questionnaires. After gaining the results, data analyzed using Promethee technique. By using decision matrixes extracted from those techniques an expert system designed. This expert system suggests the suitable financial performance indicators and their ranking by receiving the environment situation given environment indicators weight. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20indicators" title="environment indicators">environment indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20performance%20indicators" title=" financial performance indicators"> financial performance indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promethee" title=" promethee"> promethee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20system" title=" expert system"> expert system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30525/developing-a-hse-finacial-indicator-model-in-oil-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3865</span> Financial Instrument with High Investment Risk on the Warsaw Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Prewysz-Kwinto">Piotr Prewysz-Kwinto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The market of financial instruments with high risk is developing very dynamically in recent years and attracts more and more interest of investors. It consists essentially of two groups of instruments, i.e. derivatives and exchange traded product (ETP), and each year new types are introduced and offered to investors. The aim of this paper is to present the principles concerning financial instruments with high investment risk available on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), because they have quite complex constructions, and to evaluate the development of this market. In order to achieve this aim, statistical data from 2014-2016 was analyzed. The results confirm that the financial instruments with high investment risk available on the WSE constitute a diversified and the most numerous group of financial instruments and attract the most interest of investors. Responsible investing requires, however, a good knowledge of how they work and how they can generate profit to not expose oneself to unexpected losses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=derivatives" title="derivatives">derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20traded%20products%20%28ETP%29" title=" exchange traded products (ETP)"> exchange traded products (ETP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20instruments" title=" financial instruments"> financial instruments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20market" title=" financial market"> financial market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20exchange" title=" stock exchange"> stock exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73598/financial-instrument-with-high-investment-risk-on-the-warsaw-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3864</span> Motivation and Livelihood of Undergraduate Students Based On Sufficiency Economy Philosophy in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luedech%20Girdwichai">Luedech Girdwichai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwaree%20Yordchim"> Suwaree Yordchim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phusit%20Phukamchanoad"> Phusit Phukamchanoad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is aimed to study about motivation that students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University follow and happily live according to Sufficiency Economy Philosophy. Having collected 394 questionnaires, the result showed that most students had great motivation to follow this philosophy in high level, especially in terms of righteousness in profession; besides, students’determination and intention to apply this philosophy in everyday lives were so impressive though students’ families were not ready enough. Each of students, in fact, consulted families for plans of any activities without tiredness and discouragement based on the saying” Where there is a will, there is a way.” On the part of universities lives, students interacted with society and created projects that supported income to the community including exercises, sports, recreational activities, and community services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title="motivation">motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood" title=" livelihood"> livelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sufficiency%20economy%20philosophy" title=" sufficiency economy philosophy"> sufficiency economy philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undergraduate%20students%20of%20Suan%20Sunandha%20Rajabhat%20University" title=" undergraduate students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University"> undergraduate students of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19526/motivation-and-livelihood-of-undergraduate-students-based-on-sufficiency-economy-philosophy-in-suan-sunandha-rajabhat-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3863</span> The Effect of Religious Tourist Motivation and Satisfaction on Behavioral Intention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Zhang">Tao Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Yan"> Nan Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the Chaoshan area, a special place located in the southeast of Guangdong province in China, actively protects religious heritage and is developing religious tourism, which is attracting many expatriate Chinese who are coming back for travel and to worship. This paper discussed three questions. Firstly, what is the current situation about the different social background of tourists’ motivation, satisfaction and behavioral intention? Secondly, is there a relationship between the motivation, satisfaction and behavioral intention and the different social backgrounds of tourists? Thirdly, what is the relationship between religious tourists’ motivation, satisfaction and behavioral intention? The research methods use a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis uses the method of observation and interviews. Convenient sampling technique was used for quantitative analysis. The study showed that the different social backgrounds of tourists’ forms diverse cognition and experiences about religious tourism, and their motivations, satisfaction and behavioral intention as tourists vary. Tourists’ motivation and satisfaction has a positive phase relation. Tourists’ motivation with satisfaction as the intervening variable also has a positive phase effect on tourists’ behavior intention. The result shows that religious tourists’ motivations include experiencing a religious atmosphere, and having a rest and recreation. The result also shows that religious tourists want to travel with their family members and friends. While traveling, religious tourists like to talk with Buddhist monks or nuns. Compared to other tourism types, religious tourists have higher expectations about temple environment, traveling experience, peripheral service and temple management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20intension" title="behavioral intension">behavioral intension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20tourism" title=" religious tourism"> religious tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction"> satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52884/the-effect-of-religious-tourist-motivation-and-satisfaction-on-behavioral-intention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3862</span> An Appraisal of the Attitude and Motivation of Almajiri (Teenage-Beggars) to Tsangaya Education System in Katsina and Zamfara States, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasaq%20Ayodeji%20Iliyas">Rasaq Ayodeji Iliyas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Almajiris are teenage beggars who under the guise of been enlisted in religious study beg perpetually on the streets and homes. A poorly attended bridge gap juvenile education system called Tsangaya was instituted for them. This study appraised the attitude and motivation of the over 9 million Almajiris largely domiciled in the Northern Nigeria to the Government’s efforts at getting them educated. The study, a survey research design, employed validated structured interview instrument that showed a high reliability index (Alpha Cronbach- 0.86) to gather data. 950 Almajiris sampled across the 50 Local Government Areas of Katsina (36) and Zamfara (14) States, Nigeria participated in the study. Outcomes of the study revealed a chronic attitudinal problem from the Almajiris; and a peculiarly low motivation to the Tsangaya School. It was, however, recommended that traditional rulers should be mandated by government to sensitize parents on the many risks involved in the inhuman cultural practice, and the grave consequences of unskilled adult life of the children; and state governments should legislate against the demeaning Almajiri practice, which already misrepresents Islam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almajiri" title="Almajiri">Almajiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apraissal" title=" apraissal"> apraissal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsangaya%20education" title=" Tsangaya education"> Tsangaya education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title=" attitude"> attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52280/an-appraisal-of-the-attitude-and-motivation-of-almajiri-teenage-beggars-to-tsangaya-education-system-in-katsina-and-zamfara-states-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3861</span> A-Score, Distress Prediction Model with Earning Response during the Financial Crisis: Evidence from Emerging Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaira%20Ashraf">Sumaira Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabete%20G.S.%20F%C3%A9lix"> Elisabete G.S. Félix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z%C3%A9lia%20Serrasqueiro"> Zélia Serrasqueiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional financial distress prediction models performed well to predict bankrupt and insolvent firms of the developed markets. Previous studies particularly focused on the predictability of financial distress, financial failure, and bankruptcy of firms. This paper contributes to the literature by extending the definition of financial distress with the inclusion of early warning signs related to quotation of face value, dividend/bonus declaration, annual general meeting, and listing fee. The study used five well-known distress prediction models to see if they have the ability to predict early warning signs of financial distress. Results showed that the predictive ability of the models varies over time and decreases specifically for the sample with early warning signs of financial distress. Furthermore, the study checked the differences in the predictive ability of the models with respect to the financial crisis. The results conclude that the predictive ability of the traditional financial distress prediction models decreases for the firms with early warning signs of financial distress and during the time of financial crisis. The study developed a new model comprising significant variables from the five models and one new variable earning response. This new model outperforms the old distress prediction models before, during and after the financial crisis. Thus, it can be used by researchers, organizations and all other concerned parties to indicate early warning signs for the emerging markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20distress" title="financial distress">financial distress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20market" title=" emerging market"> emerging market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction%20models" title=" prediction models"> prediction models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z-Score" title=" Z-Score"> Z-Score</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logit%20analysis" title=" logit analysis"> logit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probit%20model" title=" probit model"> probit model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81316/a-score-distress-prediction-model-with-earning-response-during-the-financial-crisis-evidence-from-emerging-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3860</span> Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation: Does Gender Matter?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Ullah%20Munir">Irfan Ullah Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shen%20Yue"> Shen Yue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shahzad%20Ijaz"> Muhammad Shahzad Ijaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20%20Hussain"> Saad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syeda%20Yumna%20%20Zaidi"> Syeda Yumna Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Financial literacy is fundamental to every decision-making process and has received attention from researchers, regulatory bodies and policy makers in the recent past. This study is an attempt to evaluate financial literacy in an emerging economy, particularly Pakistan, and its influence on people's stock market participation. Data of this study was collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 300 respondents. EFA is used to check the convergent and discriminant validity. Data is analyzed using Hayes (2013) approach. A set of demographic control variables that have passed the mean difference test is used. We demonstrate that participants with financial literacy tend to invest more in the stock market. We also find that association among financial literacy and participation in stock market gets moderated by gender. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Financial%20literacy" title="Financial literacy">Financial literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stock%20market%20participation" title=" Stock market participation"> Stock market participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gender" title=" Gender"> Gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSX" title=" PSX"> PSX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120484/financial-literacy-and-stock-market-participation-does-gender-matter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3859</span> Analyzing the Perceived Relationship between Motivation and Satisfaction for Rural Tourists in a Digital World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Tsephe">N. P. Tsephe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Eyono%20Obono"> S. D. Eyono Obono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rural tourism is usually associated with rural development because it has strong linkages to rural resources; but it remains underdeveloped compared to urban tourism. This underdevelopment of rural tourism serves as a motivation for this study whose aim is to examine the factors affecting the perceived satisfaction of rural tourists. The objectives of this study are: to identify and design theories and models on rural tourism satisfaction, and to empirically validate these models and theories through a survey of tourists from the Malealea Lodge which is located in the Mafeteng District, in the Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho. Data generated by the collection of questionnaires used by this survey was analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and correlations in SPSS after checking the validity and the reliability of the questionnaire. The main hypothesis behind this study is the relationship between the demographics of rural tourists, the motivation, and their satisfaction of tourists, as supported by existing literature; except that motivation is measured in this study according to three dimensions: push factors, pull factors, and perceived usefulness of ICT's in the rural tourism experience. Findings from this study indicate that among the demographics factors, continent of origin and marital status influence the satisfaction of rural tourists; and their occupation affects their perceptions on the use of ICT's in rural tourism. Moreover, only pull factors were found to influence the satisfaction of rural tourists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20world" title="digital world">digital world</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20tourism" title=" rural tourism"> rural tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction"> satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14981/analyzing-the-perceived-relationship-between-motivation-and-satisfaction-for-rural-tourists-in-a-digital-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3858</span> Active Learning Role on Strategic I-Map Thinking in Developing Reasoning Thinking and the Intrinsic-Motivation Orientation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alotaibi">Khaled Alotaibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with developing reasoning thinking and the intrinsic-extrinsic motivation for learning, and enhancing the academic achievement of a sample of students at Teachers' College in King Saud University. The study sample included 58 students who were divided randomly into two groups; one was an experimental group with 20 students and the other was a control group with 22 students. The following tools were used: e-courses by using I-map, Reasoning Thinking Tes, questionnaire to measure the intrinsic-extrinsic motivation for learning and an academic achievement test. Experimental group was taught using e-courses by using I-map, while the control group was taught by using traditional education. The results showed that: - There were no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in Reasoning thinking skills. - There were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the intrinsic-extrinsic motivation for learning in favor of the experimental group. - There were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in academic achievement in favor of the experimental group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasoning" title="reasoning">reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thinking" title=" thinking"> thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrinsic%20motivation" title="intrinsic motivation">intrinsic motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20learning" title=" active learning"> active learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3096/active-learning-role-on-strategic-i-map-thinking-in-developing-reasoning-thinking-and-the-intrinsic-motivation-orientation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3857</span> Share Pledging and Financial Constraints in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zijian%20Cheng">Zijian Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Liu"> Frank Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yupu%20Sun"> Yupu Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between the intensity of share pledging activities and the level of financial constraint in publicly listed firms in China is examined in this paper. Empirical results show that the high financial constraint level may motivate insiders to use share pledging as an alternative funding source and an expropriation mechanism. Share collateralization can cause a subsequently more constrained financing condition. Evidence is found that share pledging made by the controlling shareholder is likely to mitigate financial constraints in the following year. Research findings are robust to alternative measures and an instrumental variable for dealing with endogeneity problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=share%20pledge" title="share pledge">share pledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20constraint" title=" financial constraint"> financial constraint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlling%20shareholder" title=" controlling shareholder"> controlling shareholder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dividend%20policy" title=" dividend policy"> dividend policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128185/share-pledging-and-financial-constraints-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3856</span> Factors Affecting the Readiness in the License Examination Testing of Nursing Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwannee%20Sroisong">Suwannee Sroisong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angkhana%20Ruenkon"> Angkhana Ruenkon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronnaphop%20Eimtab">Ronnaphop Eimtab </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was twofold: First, to examine the relationship of the Readiness on the License Examination Testing (RLET) with factors namely achieved motivation, attitude on testing, self-perception, perception in testing among the nursing students at Baromarajonani College of Nursing, Buddhachinaraj, Thailand (BCNB); and secondly, to investigate the factors affecting the RLET of the nursing students. All data were collected from a set of 214 questionnaires of nursing students, second semester and in academic year 2010, at BCNB. As a set of variables in the questionnaire, it consisted of factors of readiness in testing, achieved motivation, attitude on testing, self-perception, and perception in testing. The following statistics were analyzed: frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, and Stepwise-multiple regression correlation. Research results were as follows: 1) For the relationship among following factors, namely achieved motivation, attitude on testing, self-perception, perception in testing, there were positive correlation coefficients between .324 to .560 at the .05 level of significance; and 2) One crucial factor affecting the RLET of nursing students, namely achieved motivation, was found. The achieved motivation factor could explain the variance or predict the RLET of nursing students at 31.40 percent and at the .05 level of significance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=readiness" title="readiness">readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing" title=" nursing"> nursing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=license%20examination%20testing" title=" license examination testing"> license examination testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand "> Thailand </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5065/factors-affecting-the-readiness-in-the-license-examination-testing-of-nursing-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3855</span> Collaboration-Based Islamic Financial Services: Case Study of Islamic Fintech in Indonesia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20Takidah">Erika Takidah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salina%20Kassim"> Salina Kassim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital transformation has accelerated in the new millennium. It is reshaping the financial services industry from a traditional system to financial technology. Moreover, the number of financial inclusion rates in Indonesia is less than 60%. An innovative model needed to elucidate this national problem. On the other hand, the Islamic financial service industry and financial technology grow fast as a new aspire in economic development. An Islamic bank, takaful, Islamic microfinance, Islamic financial technology and Islamic social finance institution could collaborate to intensify the financial inclusion number in Indonesia. The primary motive of this paper is to examine the strategy of collaboration-based Islamic financial services to enhance financial inclusion in Indonesia, particularly facing the digital era. The fundamental findings for the main problems are the foundations and key ecosystems aspect involved in the development of collaboration-based Islamic financial services. By using the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) approach, the core problems faced in the development of the models have lacked policy instruments guarding the collaboration-based Islamic financial services with fintech work process and availability of human resources for fintech. The core strategies or foundations that are needed in the framework of collaboration-based Islamic financial services are the ability to manage and analyze data in the big data era. For the aspects of the Ecosystem or actors involved in the development of this model, the important actor is government or regulator, educational institutions, and also existing industries (Islamic financial services). The outcome of the study designates that strategy collaboration of Islamic financial services institution supported by robust technology, a legal and regulatory commitment of the regulators and policymakers of the Islamic financial institutions, extensive public awareness of financial inclusion in Indonesia. The study limited itself to realize financial inclusion, particularly in Islamic finance development in Indonesia. The study will have an inference for the concerned professional bodies, regulators, policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners of Islamic financial service institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title="collaboration">collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title=" financial inclusion"> financial inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20financial%20services" title=" Islamic financial services"> Islamic financial services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20fintech" title=" Islamic fintech"> Islamic fintech</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129498/collaboration-based-islamic-financial-services-case-study-of-islamic-fintech-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3854</span> Assessment of Green Finance, Financial Technology and Financial Inclusion on Green Energy Efficiency in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan">Muhammad Irfan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The UN General Assembly has advocated improving energy efficiency by SDG criteria to promote global economic growth. Pakistan is confronted with financial obstacles when it comes to acquiring energy efficiency because of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic and political instability, budgetary strains, and poor financial circumstances. The study examines how cutting-edge financing approaches like FinTech, financial inclusion, and green financing affect Pakistan's energy consumption. It finds noteworthy outcomes. The study's results have demonstrated the important impact of these funding methods on energy conservation. The best and most helpful finance tool for energy efficiency is green financing; yet, because of differences in characteristics, workings, and financial institutions, FinTech, and financial inclusion play a smaller role in Pakistan. The researchers propose that to achieve energy efficiency, FinTech activities and funding criteria such as green bonds should be reviewed. It also advised authorities to create energy system-friendly regulations for green finance in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20finance" title="green finance">green finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FinTech" title=" FinTech"> FinTech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title=" financial inclusion"> financial inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185232/assessment-of-green-finance-financial-technology-and-financial-inclusion-on-green-energy-efficiency-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3853</span> Maxwell’s Economic Demon Hypothesis and the Impossibility of Economic Convergence of Developing Economies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firano%20Zakaria">Firano Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filali%20Adib%20Fatine"> Filali Adib Fatine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue f convergence in theoretical models (classical or Keynesian) has been widely discussed. The results of the work affirm that most countries are seeking to get as close as possible to a steady state in order to catch up with developed countries. In this paper, we have retested this question whether it is absolute or conditional. The results affirm that the degree of convergence of countries like Morocco is very low and income is still far from its equilibrium state. Moreover, the analysis of financial convergence, of the countries in our panel, states that the pace in this sector is more intense: countries are converging more rapidly in financial terms. The question arises as to why, with a fairly convergent financial system, growth does not respond, yet the financial system should facilitate this economic convergence. Our results confirm that the degree of information exchange between the financial system and the economic system did not change significantly between 1985 and 2017. This leads to the hypothesis that the financial system is failing to serve its role as a creator of information in developing countries despite all the reforms undertaken, thus making the existence of an economic demon in the Maxwell prevail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20convergence" title="economic convergence">economic convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20convergence" title=" financial convergence"> financial convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20system" title=" financial system"> financial system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158839/maxwells-economic-demon-hypothesis-and-the-impossibility-of-economic-convergence-of-developing-economies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158839.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3852</span> Application All Digits Number Benford Law in Financial Statement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teguh%20Sugiarto">Teguh Sugiarto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The research aims to explore if there is fraud in a financial statement, use the Act stated that Benford's distribution all digits must compare the number will follow the trend of lower number. Research methods: This research uses all the analysis number being in Benford's law. After receiving the results of the analysis of all the digits, the author makes a distinction between implementation using the scale above and below 5%, the rate of occurrence of difference. With the number which have differences in the range of 5%, then can do the follow-up and the detection of the onset of fraud against the financial statements. The findings: From the research that has been done can be drawn the conclusion that the average of all numbers appear in the financial statements, and compare the rates of occurrence of numbers according to the characteristics of Benford's law. About the existence of errors and fraud in the financial statements of PT medco Energy Tbk did not occur. Conclusions: The study concludes that Benford's law can serve as indicator tool in detecting the possibility of in financial statements to case studies of PT Medco Energy Tbk for the fiscal year 2000-2010. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benford%20law" title="Benford law">Benford law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20digits" title=" first digits"> first digits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all%20digits%20number%20Benford%20law" title=" all digits number Benford law"> all digits number Benford law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20statement" title=" financial statement"> financial statement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57342/application-all-digits-number-benford-law-in-financial-statement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20motivation&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20motivation&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20motivation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20motivation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20motivation&page=4">4</a></li> 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