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<span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Educational programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_spin-offs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_spin-offs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Institute" title="Santa Fe Institute – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Santa Fe Institute" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Institute" title="Santa Fe Institute – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Santa Fe Institute" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Instituut" title="Santa Fe Instituut – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Santa Fe Instituut" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Institute" title="Santa Fe Institute – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Santa Fe Institute" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_de_Santa_Fe" title="Instituto de Santa Fe – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Instituto de Santa Fe" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%87" title="مؤسسه سنتا فه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مؤسسه سنتا فه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_Santa_Fe" title="Institut de Santa Fe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Institut de Santa Fe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%83%80%ED%8E%98_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="산타페 연구소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산타페 연구소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%94" title="מכון סנטה פה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכון סנטה פה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Instituut" title="Santa Fe Instituut – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Santa Fe Instituut" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="サンタフェ研究所 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンタフェ研究所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instytut_Santa_Fe" title="Instytut Santa Fe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Instytut Santa Fe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Institute" title="Santa Fe Institute – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Santa Fe Institute" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%A4%D0%B5" title="Институт Санта-Фе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Институт Санта-Фе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Institute" title="Santa Fe Institute – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Santa Fe Institute" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%A4%D0%B5" title="Інститут Санта-Фе – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інститут Санта-Фе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="聖菲研究所 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖菲研究所" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Fe_Institute&params=35.7005_N_105.9086_W_region:US_type:edu"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°42′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">105°54′31″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.7005°N 105.9086°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.7005; -105.9086</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nonprofit theoretical research institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Santa Fe Institute</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_Institute_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Santa_Fe_Institute_seal.svg/150px-Santa_Fe_Institute_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Santa_Fe_Institute_seal.svg/225px-Santa_Fe_Institute_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Santa_Fe_Institute_seal.svg/300px-Santa_Fe_Institute_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Private research institute</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1984<span class="noprint">; 40 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1984</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Cowan" title="George Cowan">George Cowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Pines" title="David Pines">David Pines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Colgate" title="Stirling Colgate">Stirling Colgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Metropolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Metropolis">Nick Metropolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_L._Anderson" title="Herbert L. Anderson">Herb Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_A._Carruthers" title="Peter A. Carruthers">Peter A. Carruthers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Slansky" title="Richard Slansky">Richard Slansky</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Krakauer_(scientist)" title="David Krakauer (scientist)">David Krakauer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Chair</th><td class="infobox-data">Katherine Collins</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="extended-address">1399 Hyde Park Rd., <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Fe_Institute&params=35.7005_N_105.9086_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°42′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">105°54′31″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.7005°N 105.9086°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.7005; -105.9086</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Urban</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://santafe.edu/">santafe<wbr />.edu</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_Institute_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Santa_Fe_Institute_logo.svg/220px-Santa_Fe_Institute_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Santa_Fe_Institute_logo.svg/330px-Santa_Fe_Institute_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Santa_Fe_Institute_logo.svg/440px-Santa_Fe_Institute_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="144" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_Institute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Santa_Fe_Institute.jpg/220px-Santa_Fe_Institute.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Santa_Fe_Institute.jpg/330px-Santa_Fe_Institute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Santa_Fe_Institute.jpg/440px-Santa_Fe_Institute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The institute's main gate</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Santa Fe Institute</b> (<b>SFI</b>) is an independent, nonprofit theoretical research institute located in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe, New Mexico</a>, United States and dedicated to the multidisciplinary study of the fundamental principles of <a href="/wiki/Complex_adaptive_system" title="Complex adaptive system">complex adaptive systems</a>, including physical, computational, biological, and social systems. The institute is ranked 24th among the world's "Top Science and Technology Think Tanks" and 24th among the world's "Best Transdisciplinary Research Think Tanks" according to the 2020 edition of the <i>Global Go To Think Tank Index Reports</i>, published annually by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute consists of a small number of resident faculty and postdoctoral researchers, a large group of external faculty whose primary appointments are at other institutions, and a number of visiting scholars. The institute is advised by a group of eminent scholars, including several <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>-winning scientists. Although theoretical scientific research is the institute's primary focus, it also runs several popular summer schools on complex systems, along with other educational and outreach programs aimed at students ranging from middle school up through graduate school. </p><p>The institute's annual funding comes from a combination of private donors, grant-making foundations, government science agencies, and companies affiliated with its business network. The 2014 budget was just over $10 million.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evolutionary theorist <a href="/wiki/David_Krakauer_(scientist)" title="David Krakauer (scientist)">David Krakauer</a> became the institute's president on August 1, 2015. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Santa Fe Institute was founded in 1984 by scientists <a href="/wiki/George_Cowan" title="George Cowan">George Cowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Pines" title="David Pines">David Pines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Colgate" title="Stirling Colgate">Stirling Colgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Metropolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Metropolis">Nick Metropolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_L._Anderson" title="Herbert L. Anderson">Herb Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_A._Carruthers" title="Peter A. Carruthers">Peter A. Carruthers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Slansky" title="Richard Slansky">Richard Slansky</a>. All but Pines and Gell-Mann were scientists with <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>. Originally called the "Rio Grande Institute", the scientists sought a forum to conduct theoretical research outside the traditional disciplinary boundaries of academic departments and government agency science budgets.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldrop_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldrop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cowan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SFI's original mission was to disseminate the notion of a new <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary">interdisciplinary</a> research area called <a href="/wiki/Complex_adaptive_system" title="Complex adaptive system">complexity theory</a> or simply <a href="/wiki/Complex_system" title="Complex system">complex systems</a>. This new effort was intended to provide an alternative to the increasing specialization the founders observed in science by focusing on synthesis across disciplines.<sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the idea of interdisciplinary science increased in popularity, a number of independent institutes and departments emerged whose focus emphasized similar goals.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldrop_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldrop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cowan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Santa Fe Institute was created to be a visiting institution, with no permanent or tenured positions, a small group of resident faculty and postdoctoral researchers, a large visitors program, and a larger group of external faculty affiliated with the institute but located at other institutions. The motivation of this structure was to encourage active turnover in ideas and people, allowing the research to remain on the cutting edge of interdisciplinary science.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldrop_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldrop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cowan_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the Santa Fe Institute continues to follow this organizational model. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The institute is composed of several distinct groups. The resident faculty are researchers whose primary appointment is at the institute. Along with the Omidyar Fellows,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a group of postdoctoral scholars in residence, the resident faculty makes up the majority of the researchers physically present at the institute. The external faculty is a group of roughly 100 affiliated researchers whose primary appointments are at other institutions, typically universities. These individuals form a large and distributed community of scholars who frequently visit the Institute and contribute to its overall research program. The institute's Applied Complexity Network, formerly the Business Network, is a group of private companies and government agencies interested in complex systems research. Members of the business network often send representatives to Institute meetings or to serve as research fellows in residence at the institute.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute's Science Board is a large group of eminent scholars who advise the institute on important strategic matters. This group includes a number of Nobel Prize winners.<sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute is headed by a president, currently evolutionary theorist <a href="/wiki/David_Krakauer_(scientist)" title="David Krakauer (scientist)">David Krakauer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a vice president for science, currently network ecologist Jennifer Dunne.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is governed by a Board of Trustees, which is chaired by Katherine Collins of Putnam Investments.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research at the institute focuses on systems commonly described as <a href="/wiki/Complex_adaptive_system" title="Complex adaptive system">complex adaptive systems</a> or simply <a href="/wiki/Complex_system" title="Complex system">complex systems</a>. Recent research has included studies of <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_computation" title="Evolutionary computation">evolutionary computation</a>, metabolic and ecological scaling laws, the fundamental properties of cities, the evolutionary diversification of viral strains, the interactions and conflicts of primate social groups, the history of languages, the structure and dynamics of species interactions including food webs, the dynamics of financial markets, and the emergence of hierarchy and cooperation in the human species, and biological and technological innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldrop_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldrop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cowan_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, researchers affiliated with the institute played roles to varying degrees in the development and use of methods for studying <a href="/wiki/Complex_system" title="Complex system">complex systems</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Agent-based_model" title="Agent-based model">agent-based modeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_theory" title="Network theory">network theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computational_immunology" title="Computational immunology">computational immunology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Physics_of_financial_markets" title="Physics of financial markets">physics of financial markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetic_algorithm" title="Genetic algorithm">genetic algorithms</a>, the physics of computation, and <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldrop_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldrop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute also studies foundational topics in the physics and mathematics of complex systems, using tools from related disciplines such as <a href="/wiki/Information_theory" title="Information theory">information theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combinatorics" title="Combinatorics">combinatorics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">computational complexity theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics" title="Condensed matter physics">condensed matter physics</a>. Recent research in this area has included studies of phase transitions in <a href="/wiki/NP-hard" class="mw-redirect" title="NP-hard">NP-hard</a> problems. </p><p>Some of the institute's accomplishments include: </p> <ul><li>Complexity research which led to efforts to create <a href="/wiki/Artificial_life" title="Artificial life">artificial life</a> modeling real organisms and ecosystems in the 1980s and 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldrop_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldrop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Foundational contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Chaos_theory" title="Chaos theory">chaos theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Waldrop_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waldrop-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Foundational contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Genetic_algorithms" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic algorithms">genetic algorithms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MM_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MM-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Foundational contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Complexity_economics" title="Complexity economics">complexity economics</a> school of thought.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Foundational contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Econophysics" title="Econophysics">econophysics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Foundational contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Complex_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex networks">complex networks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Newman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Foundational contributions to the field of <a href="/wiki/Systems_biology" title="Systems biology">systems biology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BrownWest_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrownWest-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The "<a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_Human_Languages" title="Evolution of Human Languages">Evolution of Human Languages</a>" project, an attempt to trace all human language to a common ancestor (<a href="/wiki/Proto-Human_language" title="Proto-Human language">Proto-Human language</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_Working_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maya Working Group (page does not exist)">Maya Working Group</a>" which has investigated the origins and development of complexity for the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya civilization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The "Cities, scaling, & sustainability" project to understand cities from a quantitative and interdisciplinary approach (<a href="/wiki/Urban_scaling" title="Urban scaling">urban scaling</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educational_programs">Educational programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Educational programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Santa Fe Institute runs a number of education programs aimed at introducing students as young as middle school and as old as graduate school to the core ideas of complex systems. The longest running education program is the annual Complex Systems Summer School. The CSSS hosts 50–60 graduate students and early postdocs, along with select Business Network fellows, for a four-week course on complex systems. Lectures are provided by Institute researchers, and students work on a small collaborative project on complex systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute also awards an annual High School Prize for Scientific Excellence to a local high school student and a local teacher. </p><p>The educational programs include: </p> <ul><li>Complex Systems Summer School (graduate and postdoctoral level)<sup id="cite_ref-Dillon_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dillon-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Graduate Workshop in Computational Social Science (graduate level)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Global Sustainability Summer School (graduate level)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Experiences_for_Undergraduates" title="Research Experiences for Undergraduates">Research Experiences for Undergraduates</a> (undergraduate level)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Since the 1980s, the Santa Fe Institute has held a series of public lectures, which generally take place at the Lensic Center in downtown Santa Fe.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically 5–6 talks are held each year, normally by visiting external faculty of the institute. Attendance at these lectures is free of charge, and in recent years many of the talks are recorded and made available on video platforms such as YouTube<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Santa Fe Institute has also launched a series of <a href="/wiki/Massive_open_online_course" title="Massive open online course">massive open online courses</a> on complex systems, the first of which began in early 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2019, The Santa Fe Institute launched Complexity Podcast, a general-audience weekly science discussion program featuring long-form interviews with SFI researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_spin-offs">Notable spin-offs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable spin-offs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BiosGroup" title="BiosGroup">BiosGroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_Development_Group" title="Swarm Development Group">Swarm Development Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prediction_Company" title="Prediction Company">Prediction Company</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents">Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its inception in 1984, the Santa Fe Institute has had 7 presidents.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%;">SFI President </th> <th style="width:10%;">Tenure </th> <th style="width:60%;">Bio </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Cowan" title="George Cowan">George Cowan</a></td> <td>1984–1991</td> <td>Served 39 years at <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> as the director of chemistry, associate director of research, and senior laboratory fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Alan_Knapp" title="Edward Alan Knapp">Edward Alan Knapp</a></td> <td>1991–1995</td> <td>Director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> from 1982 to 1985. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Goldberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Goldberg (page does not exist)">Ellen Goldberg</a></td> <td>1996–2003</td> <td>Chair of the Immunology Division of the American Society for Microbiology, Chair of the National Science Foundation Biological Sciences Advisory Committee. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robert Eisenstein</td> <td>2003–2004</td> <td>Director of the National Science Foundation Physics Division. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_West" title="Geoffrey West">Geoffrey West</a></td> <td>2005–2009</td> <td>Founder of the high energy physics group at <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sabloff" title="Jerry Sabloff">Jerry Sabloff</a></td> <td>2009–2015</td> <td>Chair of the Smithsonian Science Commission. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Krakauer_(scientist)" title="David Krakauer (scientist)">David Krakauer</a></td> <td>2015–present</td> <td>Director of the Wisconsin Institute for Discovery. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_History" title="Big History">Big History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plectics" title="Plectics">Plectics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_thinking" title="Systems thinking">Systems thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliodynamics" title="Cliodynamics">Cliodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_physics" title="Social physics">Social physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_science" title="Network science">Network science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_theory" title="Information theory">Information theory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcGann2021" class="citation journal cs1">McGann, James G. (28 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/think_tanks/18/">"2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report"</a>. <i>TTCSP Global Go to Think Tank Index Reports</i>. <b>18</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TTCSP+Global+Go+to+Think+Tank+Index+Reports&rft.atitle=2020+Global+Go+To+Think+Tank+Index+Report&rft.volume=18&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft.aulast=McGann&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fthink_tanks%2F18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santafe.edu/about/governance/annual-report/">"2014 Annual Report"</a>. Santa Fe Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Annual+Report&rft.pub=Santa+Fe+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafe.edu%2Fabout%2Fgovernance%2Fannual-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waldrop-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waldrop_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waldrop_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waldrop_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waldrop_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waldrop_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waldrop_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waldrop_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell_M._Waldrop1993" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell M. Waldrop (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/complexityemergi00wald"><i>Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos</i></a></span>. Simon & Schuster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complexity%3A+The+Emerging+Science+at+the+Edge+of+Order+and+Chaos&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Mitchell+M.+Waldrop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomplexityemergi00wald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cowan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cowan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cowan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cowan_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cowan_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_A._Cowan2010" class="citation book cs1">George A. Cowan (2010). <i>Manhattan Project to the Santa Fe Institute: The Memoirs of George A. Cowan</i>. 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Edited by David A. Freidel, Arlen F. Chase, Anne S. Dowd, and Jerry Murdock. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. Hardcover <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813054353" title="Special:BookSources/9780813054353">9780813054353</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://upf.com/book.asp?id=9780813069807">"The Materialization of Time in the Ancient Maya World: Mythic History and Ritual Order"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Materialization+of+Time+in+the+Ancient+Maya+World%3A+Mythic+History+and+Ritual+Order&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fupf.com%2Fbook.asp%3Fid%3D9780813069807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span>2024. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Computational+Social+Sciences&rft.pub=Santa+Fe+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafe.edu%2Feducation%2Fschools%2Fcomputational-social-sciences%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santafe.edu/education/schools/global-sustainability/">"Global Sustainability Summer School"</a>. Santa Fe Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Sustainability+Summer+School&rft.pub=Santa+Fe+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafe.edu%2Feducation%2Fschools%2Fglobal-sustainability%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santafe.edu/education/fellowships/undergraduate/">"Santa Fe Institute Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU)"</a>. Santa Fe Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Santa+Fe+Institute+Research+Experiences+for+Undergraduates+%28REU%29&rft.pub=Santa+Fe+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafe.edu%2Feducation%2Ffellowships%2Fundergraduate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.santafe.edu/engage/community">"Santa Fe Institute Community Lectures"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Santa+Fe+Institute+Community+Lectures&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafe.edu%2Fengage%2Fcommunity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/santafeinst">"Santa Fe Institute YouTube channel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Santa+Fe+Institute+YouTube+channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fuser%2Fsantafeinst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santafe.edu/education/schools/sfi-mooc/">"Announcing the Santa Fe Institute's Massive Open On-Line Courses"</a>. Santa Fe Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Announcing+the+Santa+Fe+Institute%27s+Massive+Open+On-Line+Courses&rft.pub=Santa+Fe+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafe.edu%2Feducation%2Fschools%2Fsfi-mooc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://complexity.simplecast.com">"Complexity Podcast"</a>. Santa Fe Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complexity+Podcast&rft.pub=Santa+Fe+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomplexity.simplecast.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://santafe.edu/people/type/staff">"Past SFI Presidents"</a>. <i>Santa Fe Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Santa+Fe+Institute&rft.atitle=Past+SFI+Presidents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsantafe.edu%2Fpeople%2Ftype%2Fstaff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2012" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (24 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/25/science/george-cowan-nuclear-scientist-dies-at-92.html?_r=0">"George Cowan, Nuclear Scientist, Dies at 92"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Cowan%2C+Nuclear+Scientist%2C+Dies+at+92&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F04%2F25%2Fscience%2Fgeorge-cowan-nuclear-scientist-dies-at-92.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Fe+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Institute&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santafe.edu/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02918-5">"Novelist Cormac McCarthy’s tips on how to write a great science paper"</a>, "Nature"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/traveling-with-odysseus/">"Traveling with Odysseus"</a>, "Scientific American"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-10-03/chaos-scientist-finds-hidden-financial-risks-that-regulators-miss">"Chaos Scientist Finds Hidden Financial Risks That Regulators Miss"</a>, "Bloomberg"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02903-y">"Maths tackles an eternal question: where to park?"</a>, "Nature"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/28/opinion/gell-mann-physics.html">"The Physicist Who Made Sense of the Universe"</a>, "The New York Times"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abqjournal.com/1366050/jeffrey-epstein-gave-275000-to-santa-fe-institute-ex-renowned-center-will-give-away-his-final-gift-of-25000.html">"Jeffrey Epstein gave $275,000 to Santa Fe Institute"</a>, <i>Albuquerque Journal</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/melanie-mitchell-trains-ai-to-think-with-analogies-20210714/">"The Computer Scientist Training AI to Think With Analogies"</a>, "Quanta"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/simple-mathematical-law-predicts-movement-in-cities-around-the-world/">"Simple Mathematical Law Predicts Movement in Cities around the World"</a>, "Scientific American"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-inquiry/is-it-time-for-a-new-economics-curriculum">"Is It Time For A New Economics Curriculum?"</a>, "New Yorker"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Chaos_theory" title="Chaos theory">Chaos theory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Core" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="margin: 10px 0px">Core</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attractor" title="Attractor">Attractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifurcation_theory" title="Bifurcation theory">Bifurcation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractal" title="Fractal">Fractal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limit_set" title="Limit set">Limit set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyapunov_exponent" title="Lyapunov exponent">Lyapunov exponent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_(dynamics)" title="Orbit (dynamics)">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_point" title="Periodic point">Periodic point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_space" title="Phase space">Phase space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anosov_diffeomorphism" title="Anosov diffeomorphism">Anosov diffeomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_tongue" title="Arnold tongue">Arnold tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_A" title="Axiom A">axiom A dynamical system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifurcation_diagram" title="Bifurcation diagram">Bifurcation diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box-counting_dimension" class="mw-redirect" title="Box-counting dimension">Box-counting dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correlation_dimension" title="Correlation dimension">Correlation dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_system" title="Conservative system">Conservative system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergodicity" title="Ergodicity">Ergodicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_nearest_neighbors" class="mw-redirect" title="False nearest neighbors">False nearest neighbors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausdorff_dimension" title="Hausdorff dimension">Hausdorff dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invariant_measure" title="Invariant measure">Invariant measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyapunov_stability" title="Lyapunov stability">Lyapunov stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measure-preserving_dynamical_system" title="Measure-preserving dynamical system">Measure-preserving dynamical system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_(mathematics)" title="Mixing (mathematics)">Mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Poincaré section">Poincaré section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrence_plot" title="Recurrence plot">Recurrence plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRB_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="SRB measure">SRB measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stable_manifold" title="Stable manifold">Stable manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topological_conjugacy" title="Topological conjugacy">Topological conjugacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="margin: 10px 0px">Theorems</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ergodic_theory#Ergodic_theorems" title="Ergodic theory">Ergodic theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liouville%27s_theorem_(Hamiltonian)" title="Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian)">Liouville's theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krylov%E2%80%93Bogolyubov_theorem" title="Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem">Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9%E2%80%93Bendixson_theorem" title="Poincaré–Bendixson theorem">Poincaré–Bendixson theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9_recurrence_theorem" title="Poincaré recurrence theorem">Poincaré recurrence theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stable_manifold_theorem" title="Stable manifold theorem">Stable manifold theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takens%27s_theorem" title="Takens's theorem">Takens's theorem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B4ne_textileII.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Conus textile shell"><img alt="Conus textile shell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/C%C3%B4ne_textileII.png/100px-C%C3%B4ne_textileII.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/C%C3%B4ne_textileII.png/150px-C%C3%B4ne_textileII.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">Theoretical<br />branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bifurcation_theory" title="Bifurcation theory">Bifurcation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_chaos" title="Control of chaos">Control of chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamical_system" title="Dynamical system">Dynamical system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergodic_theory" title="Ergodic theory">Ergodic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_chaos" title="Quantum chaos">Quantum chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stability_theory" title="Stability theory">Stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronization_of_chaos" title="Synchronization of chaos">Synchronization of chaos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chaotic<br />maps (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chaotic_maps" title="List of chaotic maps">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="margin: 10px 0px">Discrete</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold%27s_cat_map" title="Arnold's cat map">Arnold's cat map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker%27s_map" title="Baker's map">Baker's map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_quadratic_polynomial" title="Complex quadratic polynomial">Complex quadratic map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupled_map_lattice" title="Coupled map lattice">Coupled map lattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffing_map" title="Duffing map">Duffing map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyadic_transformation" title="Dyadic transformation">Dyadic transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamical_billiards" title="Dynamical billiards">Dynamical billiards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outer_billiards" title="Outer billiards">outer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exponential_map_(discrete_dynamical_systems)" title="Exponential map (discrete dynamical systems)">Exponential map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauss_iterated_map" title="Gauss iterated map">Gauss map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbreadman_map" title="Gingerbreadman map">Gingerbreadman map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9non_map" title="Hénon map">Hénon map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_map" title="Horseshoe map">Horseshoe map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikeda_map" title="Ikeda map">Ikeda map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interval_exchange_transformation" title="Interval exchange transformation">Interval exchange map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrational_rotation" title="Irrational rotation">Irrational rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan%E2%80%93Yorke_map" title="Kaplan–Yorke map">Kaplan–Yorke map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langton%27s_ant" title="Langton's ant">Langton's ant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistic_map" title="Logistic map">Logistic map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_map" title="Standard map">Standard map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_map" title="Tent map">Tent map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkerbell_map" title="Tinkerbell map">Tinkerbell map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaslavskii_map" title="Zaslavskii map">Zaslavskii map</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="margin: 10px 0px">Continuous</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_scroll_attractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Double scroll attractor">Double scroll attractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffing_equation" title="Duffing equation">Duffing equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenz_system" title="Lorenz system">Lorenz system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotka%E2%80%93Volterra_equations" title="Lotka–Volterra equations">Lotka–Volterra equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackey%E2%80%93Glass_equations" title="Mackey–Glass equations">Mackey–Glass equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabinovich%E2%80%93Fabrikant_equations" title="Rabinovich–Fabrikant equations">Rabinovich–Fabrikant equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ssler_attractor" title="Rössler attractor">Rössler attractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-body_problem" title="Three-body problem">Three-body problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Pol_oscillator" title="Van der Pol oscillator">Van der Pol oscillator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical<br />systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chua%27s_circuit" title="Chua's circuit">Chua's circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayleigh%E2%80%93B%C3%A9nard_convection" title="Rayleigh–Bénard convection">Convection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_pendulum" title="Double pendulum">Double pendulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_pendulum" title="Elastic pendulum">Elastic pendulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi%E2%80%93Pasta%E2%80%93Ulam%E2%80%93Tsingou_problem" title="Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem">FPUT problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9non%E2%80%93Heiles_system" title="Hénon–Heiles system">Hénon–Heiles system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kicked_rotator" title="Kicked rotator">Kicked rotator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiscroll_attractor" title="Multiscroll attractor">Multiscroll attractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_dynamics" title="Population dynamics">Population dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_Atwood%27s_machine" title="Swinging Atwood's machine">Swinging Atwood's machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt-A-Whirl" title="Tilt-A-Whirl">Tilt-A-Whirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chaos<br />theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry_(physicist)" title="Michael Berry (physicist)">Michael Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Bowen" title="Rufus Bowen">Rufus Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cartwright" title="Mary Cartwright">Mary Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Guanrong" title="Chen Guanrong">Chen Guanrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_O._Chua" title="Leon O. Chua">Leon O. Chua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Feigenbaum" title="Mitchell Feigenbaum">Mitchell Feigenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Grassberger" title="Peter Grassberger">Peter Grassberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celso_Grebogi" title="Celso Grebogi">Celso Grebogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gutzwiller" title="Martin Gutzwiller">Martin Gutzwiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brosl_Hasslacher" title="Brosl Hasslacher">Brosl Hasslacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_H%C3%A9non" title="Michel Hénon">Michel Hénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Jitomirskaya" title="Svetlana Jitomirskaya">Svetlana Jitomirskaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryna_Kra" title="Bryna Kra">Bryna Kra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz" title="Edward Norton Lorenz">Edward Norton Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lyapunov" title="Aleksandr Lyapunov">Aleksandr Lyapunov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoit_Mandelbrot" title="Benoit Mandelbrot">Benoît Mandelbrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hee_Oh" title="Hee Oh">Hee Oh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ott" title="Edward Ott">Edward Ott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Procaccia" title="Itamar Procaccia">Itamar Procaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rees" title="Mary Rees">Mary Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_R%C3%B6ssler" title="Otto Rössler">Otto Rössler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ruelle" title="David Ruelle">David Ruelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Series" title="Caroline Series">Caroline Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sinai" title="Yakov Sinai">Yakov Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Mykolayovych_Sharkovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky">Oleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Snaith" title="Nina Snaith">Nina Snaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floris_Takens" title="Floris Takens">Floris Takens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Terras" title="Audrey Terras">Audrey Terras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tsingou" title="Mary Tsingou">Mary Tsingou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Viana" title="Marcelo Viana">Marcelo Viana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amie_Wilkinson" title="Amie Wilkinson">Amie Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Yorke" title="James A. Yorke">James A. Yorke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai-Sang_Young" title="Lai-Sang Young">Lai-Sang Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_effect" title="Butterfly effect">Butterfly effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexity" title="Complexity">Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_of_chaos" title="Edge of chaos">Edge of chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictability" title="Predictability">Predictability</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Santa Fe Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196057#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000119411940">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/144065662">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1212577-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87931031">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12299077d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12299077d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00674826">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90357005">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007604916505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02326100?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Santa Fe institute"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031852904">IdRef</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Santa Fe East (Santa Fe, N.M.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/179910906">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Fe_Institute&params=35.7005_N_105.9086_W_region:US_type:edu"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span 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