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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New Zealand wren</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="رتيبة عصافير الرامي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رتيبة عصافير الرامي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Новозеландски орехчета – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Новозеландски орехчета" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acantis%C3%ADtids" title="Acantisítids – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acantisítids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok%C5%99ovn%C3%ADkovit%C3%AD" title="Pokřovníkovití – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pokřovníkovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stummelschw%C3%A4nze" title="Stummelschwänze – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stummelschwänze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81eesd%C3%ADs%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yahd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_ay%C3%A1%C3%A1sh" title="Łeesdísí Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ ayáásh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łeesdísí Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ ayáásh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akantisitedoj" title="Akantisitedoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akantisitedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="الیکایی نیوزلندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الیکایی نیوزلندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acantis%C3%ADtidos" title="Acantisítidos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acantisítidos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%A7%88%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C%EA%B5%B4%EB%9A%9D%EC%83%88%EB%A5%98" title="뉴질랜드굴뚝새류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴질랜드굴뚝새류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C4%8Daci" title="Palčaci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Palčaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikrak_Selandia_Baru" title="Cikrak Selandia Baru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cikrak Selandia Baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klifurrindlar" title="Klifurrindlar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Klifurrindlar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="גדרוני ניו זילנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גדרוני ניו זילנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proklavu_(Acanthisittidae)" title="Proklavu (Acanthisittidae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Proklavu (Acanthisittidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunz%C4%93landes_pacepl%C4%AB%C5%A1u_dzimta" title="Jaunzēlandes paceplīšu dzimta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jaunzēlandes paceplīšu dzimta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujosios_Zelandijos_pitos" title="Naujosios Zelandijos pitos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujosios Zelandijos pitos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acantisitido" title="Acantisitido – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Acantisitido" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lcsuszkaf%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Álcsuszkafélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Álcsuszkafélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89" title="رتيبه عصافير الرامى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رتيبه عصافير الرامى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren_New_Zealand" title="Ren New Zealand – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ren New Zealand" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotswinterkoningen" title="Rotswinterkoningen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rotswinterkoningen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E7%A7%91" title="イワサザイ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イワサザイ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maorigl%C3%BCpern" title="Maoriglüpern – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Maoriglüpern" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatresmettfamilien" title="Klatresmettfamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klatresmettfamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatresmettar" title="Klatresmettar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klatresmettar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DA%86%DA%BE%DB%92" title="ماوری کچھے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماوری کچھے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barglikowce" title="Barglikowce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barglikowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Новозеландские крапивники – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новозеландские крапивники" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B8" title="Новозеландски царићи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новозеландски царићи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novozelandski_pal%C4%8Di%C4%87i" title="Novozelandski palčići – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novozelandski palčići" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilist%C3%A4j%C3%A4t" title="Vilistäjät – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vilistäjät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klippsmygar" title="Klippsmygar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klippsmygar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Стрільцеві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стрільцеві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Acanthisittidae" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae" title="Acanthisittidae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Acanthisittidae" 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width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">New Zealand wrens<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Miocene–present</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:212.20184615385px; width:7.7981538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:212.20184615385px; width:7.7981538461538px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:213.20184615385px; width:5.7981538461538px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock_wren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rock_wren.jpg/250px-Rock_wren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rock_wren.jpg/330px-Rock_wren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Rock_wren.jpg/500px-Rock_wren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="433" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">The winter range of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_rock_wren" title="New Zealand rock wren">New Zealand rock wren</a> remains a scientific mystery </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Acanthisittidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Acanthisitti</a><br /><small>Wolters, 1977</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Acanthisittidae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jakob_Sundevall" title="Carl Jakob Sundevall">Sundevall</a>, 1872</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Extant and subfossil genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>†<i><a href="/wiki/Lyall%27s_wren" title="Lyall's wren">Traversia</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Rifleman_(bird)" title="Rifleman (bird)">Acanthisitta</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Xenicus" title="Xenicus">Xenicus</a></i> <br /> †<i><a href="/wiki/Long-billed_wren_(New_Zealand)" title="Long-billed wren (New Zealand)">Dendroscansor</a></i><br /> Fossil genus, see text </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>New Zealand wrens</b> are a <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> (<b>Acanthisittidae</b>) of tiny <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerines</a> <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. They were represented by seven <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> in four or five <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>, although only two species in two genera survive today. They are understood to form a distinct lineage within the passerines, but authorities differ on their assignment to the <a href="/wiki/Oscines" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscines">oscines</a> or <a href="/wiki/Suboscine" class="mw-redirect" title="Suboscine">suboscines</a> (the two suborders that between them make up the Passeriformes). More recent studies suggest that they form a third, most ancient, suborder <b>Acanthisitti</b> and have no living close relatives at all. They are called "wrens" because of similarities in appearance and behaviour to the true <a href="/wiki/Wren" title="Wren">wrens</a> (Troglodytidae) but are not members of that family. </p><p>New Zealand wrens are mostly insectivorous foragers of New Zealand's forests, with one species, the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_rock_wren" title="New Zealand rock wren">New Zealand rock wren</a>, being restricted to alpine areas. Both the remaining species are poor fliers and four of the five extinct species are known or suspected to have been flightless. Along with the <a href="/wiki/Long-legged_bunting" title="Long-legged bunting">long-legged bunting</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, they are the only passerines known to have lost the ability to fly. Of the species for which the <a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">plumage</a> is known, they are drab-coloured birds with brown-green plumage. They form <a href="/wiki/Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">monogamous</a> pair bonds to raise their young, laying their eggs in small nests in trees or amongst rocks. They are <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal animal">diurnal</a> and like all New Zealand passerines, are, for the most part, are <a href="/wiki/Sedentism" title="Sedentism">sedentary</a>. </p><p>Like many New Zealand birds, New Zealand wrens suffered several <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinctions</a> after the arrival of humans in New Zealand. Of the seven <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> species, only two survive today. The <a href="/wiki/South_Island_stout-legged_wren" class="mw-redirect" title="South Island stout-legged wren">South Island stout-legged wren</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Island_stout-legged_wren" class="mw-redirect" title="North Island stout-legged wren">North Island stout-legged wren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Long-billed_wren_(New_Zealand)" title="Long-billed wren (New Zealand)">long-billed wren</a> became extinct after the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_rat" title="Polynesian rat">Polynesian rat</a>. They are known to science only from <a href="/wiki/Subfossil" class="mw-redirect" title="Subfossil">subfossil</a> remains. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Lyall%27s_wren" title="Lyall's wren">Lyall's wren</a> became extinct on the main islands and survived only as a <a href="/wiki/Relict_(biology)" title="Relict (biology)">relict</a> population on <a href="/wiki/Stephens_Island_(New_Zealand)" title="Stephens Island (New Zealand)">Stephens Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Strait" title="Cook Strait">Cook Strait</a>. Lyall's wren and the <a href="/wiki/Bushwren" title="Bushwren">bushwren</a> became extinct after the arrival of Europeans in 1895 and 1972 respectively. Of the two remaining species, the <a href="/wiki/Rifleman_(bird)" title="Rifleman (bird)">rifleman</a> is still common in both the North and South Islands. The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_rock_wren" title="New Zealand rock wren">New Zealand rock wren</a> is restricted to the alpine areas of the South Island and is considered vulnerable. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_systematics">Taxonomy and systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_wren&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The taxonomy of the New Zealand wrens has been a subject of considerable debate since their discovery, although they have long been known to be an unusual family. In the 1880s, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ogg_Forbes" title="Henry Ogg Forbes">Forbes</a> assigned the New Zealand wrens to the suboscines related to the <a href="/wiki/Cotinga" title="Cotinga">cotingas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pitta" title="Pitta">pittas</a> (and gave the family the name Xenicidae). Later, they were thought to be closer to the <a href="/wiki/Ovenbird_(family)" title="Ovenbird (family)">ovenbirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antbird" title="Antbird">antbirds</a>. Sibley's 1970 study comparing egg-white <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> moved them to the oscines, but later studies, including the 1982 DNA-DNA hybridization study, suggested the family was a sister taxon to the suboscines and the oscines. This theory has proven most robust since then and the New Zealand wrens might be the survivors of a lineage of passerines that was isolated when New Zealand broke away from <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a> 82–85 <a href="/wiki/Million_years_ago" title="Million years ago">million years ago</a> (Mya),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a pre-<a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene</a> origin of passerines is highly disputed and tends to be rejected in more recent studies. </p><p>As no evidence indicates passerines were flightless when they arrived on New Zealand (that <a href="/wiki/Apomorph" class="mw-redirect" title="Apomorph">apomorphy</a> is extremely rare and unevenly distributed in Passeriformes), they are not required by present theories to have been distinct in the <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a>. As unequivocal Passeriformes are known from <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> some 55 million years ago,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the acanthisittids' ancestors likely arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Paleocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Paleocene">Late Paleocene</a> from Australia or the then-<a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a> coasts. <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Plate tectonics</a> indicate that the shortest distance between New Zealand and those two continents was roughly 1,500 km (930 mi) at that time. New Zealand's minimum distance from Australia is a bit more today – some 1,700 km (1,100 mi) – whereas it is now at least 2,500 km (1,600 mi) from Antarctica. </p><p>The extant species are closely related and thought to be descendants of birds that survived a genetic bottleneck caused by the <a href="/wiki/Marine_transgression" title="Marine transgression">marine transgression</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a>, when most of New Zealand was under water.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest known fossil is <i><a href="/wiki/Kuiornis_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiornis indicator">Kuiornis indicator</a></i> from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Miocene" title="Early Miocene">Early Miocene</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Bathans_fauna" title="St Bathans fauna">St Bathans fauna</a>. <i>Kuiornis</i> is thought to be more closely related to <i>Acanthisitta</i> than to other Acanthisittids.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relationships between genera and species were formerly poorly understood. The extant genus <i>Acanthisitta</i> has one species, the <a href="/wiki/Rifleman_(bird)" title="Rifleman (bird)">rifleman</a>, and the other surviving genus, <i>Xenicus</i>, includes the New Zealand rock wren and the recently extinct bushwren. Some authorities have retained Lyall's wren in <i>Xenicus</i> as well, but it is often afforded its own monotypic genus, <i>Traversia</i>. The stout-legged wren (genus <i>Pachyplichas</i>) was originally split into two species, but more recent research disputes this.<sup id="cite_ref-Worthy_2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worthy_2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final genus was <i>Dendroscansor</i>, which had one species, the long-billed wren.<sup id="cite_ref-Milliner1991_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milliner1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mitochondrial DNA study in 2016 resolved much of the phylogeny, though the placement of <i>Dendroscansor</i> was unresolved due to lack of DNA testing due to the rarity of its remains. It was found that <i>Xenicus</i> was <a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> with respect to <i>Pachyplichas</i>, and that the stout legged wrens must have evolved from a gracile-legged ancestor, and the paper suggested placing the <i>Pachyplichas</i> species within <i>Xenicus.</i> It was also found that the split between Lyall's wren and other acanthisittids probably took place during the Oligocene, over 30 million years ago, so acanthisittids must have survived the <a href="/wiki/Oligocene_drowning" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligocene drowning">Oligocene drowning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mitchel_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a> is given below:<sup id="cite_ref-mitchel_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mitchel-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:80%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Acanthisittidae </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>† <a href="/wiki/Lyall%27s_wren" title="Lyall's wren">Lyall's wren</a>, <i>Traversia lyalli</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>† <i><a href="/wiki/Kuiornis_indicator" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiornis indicator">Kuiornis indicator</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Rifleman_(bird)" title="Rifleman (bird)">Rifleman</a>, <i>Acanthisitta chloris</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>† <a href="/wiki/Bushwren" title="Bushwren">Bushwren</a>, <i>Xenicus longipes</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_rockwren" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand rockwren">New Zealand rockwren</a>, <i>Xenicus gilviventris</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>† <i><a href="/wiki/Pachyplichas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachyplichas">Pachyplichas</a></i> – stout-legged wrens </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_genera_and_species">Recent genera and species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_wren&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recent genera and species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Genus †<i>Traversia</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Lyall%27s_wren" title="Lyall's wren">Lyall's wren</a>, <i>Traversia lyalli</i></li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i>Acanthisitta</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman_(bird)" title="Rifleman (bird)">Rifleman</a>, <i>Acanthisitta chloris</i></li></ul></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Xenicus" title="Xenicus">Xenicus</a></i> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Bushwren" title="Bushwren">Bushwren</a>, <i>Xenicus longipes</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_rock_wren" title="New Zealand rock wren">New Zealand rock wren</a>, <i>Xenicus gilviventris</i></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/North_Island_stout-legged_wren" class="mw-redirect" title="North Island stout-legged wren">North Island stout-legged wren</a>, <i>Xenicus jagmi</i> (possibly conspecific with <i>Xenicus yaldwyni</i>)</li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/South_Island_stout-legged_wren" class="mw-redirect" title="South Island stout-legged wren">South Island stout-legged wren</a>, <i>Xenicus yaldwyni</i></li></ul></li> <li>Genus †<i><a href="/wiki/Dendroscansor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendroscansor">Dendroscansor</a></i> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Long-billed_wren_(New_Zealand)" title="Long-billed wren (New Zealand)">Long-billed wren (New Zealand)</a>, <i>Dendroscansor decurvirostris</i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil_genus_and_species">Fossil genus and species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_wren&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fossil genus and species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>†<i><a href="/wiki/Kuiornis" title="Kuiornis">Kuiornis indicator</a></i> from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Miocene" title="Early Miocene">Early Miocene</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Bathans_fauna" title="St Bathans fauna">St Bathans fauna</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_wren&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Sylvan_-_Rifleman_(5626163357)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lake_Sylvan_-_Rifleman_%285626163357%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lake_Sylvan_-_Rifleman_%285626163357%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lake_Sylvan_-_Rifleman_%285626163357%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lake_Sylvan_-_Rifleman_%285626163357%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lake_Sylvan_-_Rifleman_%285626163357%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lake_Sylvan_-_Rifleman_%285626163357%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Female <a href="/wiki/Rifleman_(bird)" title="Rifleman (bird)">riflemen</a> are larger than the males.</figcaption></figure> <p>New Zealand wrens are tiny birds; the rifleman is the smallest of New Zealand's birds. Their length ranges from 7 to 10 cm and their weight ranges from as little as 5–7 g for the rifleman, to an estimated 50 g for the extinct <a href="/wiki/Stout-legged_wren" title="Stout-legged wren">stout-legged wren</a>. The New Zealand rock wren (and probably the bushwren) weighs between 14 and 22 g and the extinct long-billed wren weighed around 30 g. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">plumage</a> of the New Zealand wrens is only known for the four species seen by European scientists. All these species have dull green and brown plumage and all except Lyall's wren have a prominent supercilium above the eye. The plumage of males and females were alike in Lyall's wren and the bushwren;<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the New Zealand rock wren shows slight <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a> in its plumage and differences between the plumage of riflemen are pronounced, with the male having bright green upperparts and the female being duller and browner. </p><p>Both the New Zealand rock wren and the rifleman also show sexual dimorphism in size; unusually for <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerines</a>, the female is larger than the male.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The female rifleman also exhibits other differences from the male, having a slightly more upturned bill than the male and a larger hind <a href="/wiki/Claw" title="Claw">claw</a>. </p><p>The New Zealand wrens evolved in the absence of mammals for many millions of years and the family was <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">losing</a> the ability to <a href="/wiki/Bird_flight" title="Bird flight">fly</a>. Three species are thought to have lost the power of flight: the stout-legged wren, the long-billed wren and Lyall's wren. The <a href="/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeletons</a> of these species have massively reduced keels in the <a href="/wiki/Sternum" title="Sternum">sternum</a> and the flight <a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">feathers</a> of Lyall's wren also indicate flightlessness. Contemporary accounts of the Lyall's wrens on Stephens Island describe the species as scurrying on the ground rather than flying. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_wren&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New Zealand wrens are <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> and restricted to the main and offshore islands of New Zealand; they have not been found on any of the outer islands such as the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a>. Prior to the arrival of humans in New Zealand (about 1280 CE), they had a widespread distribution across both the North and South Islands and on <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Island/Rakiura" class="mw-redirect" title="Stewart Island/Rakiura">Stewart Island/Rakiura</a>. The range of the rifleman and bushwren included <a href="/wiki/Nothofagus" title="Nothofagus">southern beech</a> forest and podocarp-broadleaf forest, with the range of the bushwren also including coastal forest and scrub, particularly the Stewart Island subspecies. Currently, the New Zealand rock wren is confined to alpine and subalpine zones (900–2500 m altitude) on the South Island.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that the species was once present in the North Island, although this has never been proven.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lyall's wren was once thought to have been restricted to the tiny <a href="/wiki/Stephens_Island_(New_Zealand)" title="Stephens Island (New Zealand)">Stephens Island</a> in Cook Strait,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but fossil evidence has shown the species was once widespread in both the North and South Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Worthy_2002_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worthy_2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stout-legged wren was similarly found on both islands, but fossils of the long-billed wren have only been found in the South Island. Fossils of the long-billed wren are far less common than those of the other species, in fact, its bones are the rarest fossil finds in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Worthy_2002_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worthy_2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the wave of extinctions and range contractions caused by the arrival of mammals in New Zealand, the New Zealand wrens have a much reduced range. The New Zealand rock wren is now restricted to the South Island and is declining in numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-MichelsenHeath2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MichelsenHeath2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The range of the rifleman initially contracted with the felling of forests for agriculture, but it has also expanded its range of habitats by moving into <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> of introduced exotic <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pines</a>, principally the <a href="/wiki/Monterey_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey pine">Monterey pine</a>. It also enters other human-modified habitat when it adjoins native forest.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like all New Zealand passerines, the New Zealand wrens are sedentary and are not thought to undertake any <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migrations</a>. It is not known if the extinct species migrated, but it is considered highly unlikely, as three of the extinct species were flightless. The situation with the New Zealand rock wren is an ornithological mystery, as they are thought to live above the snow line where obtaining food during the winter would be extremely difficult. Searches have found no evidence that they move altitudinally during the winter, but they are also absent from their normal territories. They may enter a state of <a href="/wiki/Torpor" title="Torpor">torpor</a> (like the <a href="/wiki/Hummingbird" title="Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a> of the Americas or a number of Australian passerines) during at least part of the winter, but this has not yet been proved.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_wren&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEricsonChristidisCooperIrestedt2002" class="citation journal cs1">Ericson, Per G. P.; Christidis, Les; Cooper, Alan; Irestedt, Martin; Jackson, Jennifer; Johansson, Ulf S.; Norman, Janette A. 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II, <i>Dendroscansor decurvirostris</i>, a new genus and species of wren (Aves: Acanthisittidae)". <i>Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand</i>. <b>21</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">179–</span>200. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JRSNZ..21..179M">1991JRSNZ..21..179M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03036758.1991.10431406">10.1080/03036758.1991.10431406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Contributions+to+New+Zealand%27s+Late+Quaternary+avifauna.+II%2C+Dendroscansor+decurvirostris%2C+a+new+genus+and+species+of+wren+%28Aves%3A+Acanthisittidae%29&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03036758.1991.10431406&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JRSNZ..21..179M&rft.aulast=Milliner&rft.aufirst=P.R.&rft.au=T.+Worthy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+wren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitchel-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mitchel_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mitchel_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMitchellWoodLlamasMcLenachan2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mitchell, Kieren J.; Wood, Jamie R.; Llamas, Bastien; McLenachan, Patricia A.; Kardailsky, Olga; Scofield, R. 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"Ancient mitochondrial genomes clarify the evolutionary history of New Zealand's enigmatic acanthisittid wrens". <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>102</b>: <span class="nowrap">295–</span>304. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2016.05.038">10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.038</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27261250">27261250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Ancient+mitochondrial+genomes+clarify+the+evolutionary+history+of+New+Zealand%27s+enigmatic+acanthisittid+wrens&rft.volume=102&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E295-%3C%2Fspan%3E304&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2016.05.038&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27261250&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Kieren+J.&rft.au=Wood%2C+Jamie+R.&rft.au=Llamas%2C+Bastien&rft.au=McLenachan%2C+Patricia+A.&rft.au=Kardailsky%2C+Olga&rft.au=Scofield%2C+R.+Paul&rft.au=Worthy%2C+Trevor+H.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+wren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbw.com/species/stephens-island-rockwren-traversia-lyalli">"Stephens Island Rockwren (Traversia lyalli)"</a>. <i>Birds of the World</i>. 2020. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2173%2Fbow.stiwre1.01">10.2173/bow.stiwre1.01</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242322758">242322758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birds+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Stephens+Island+Rockwren+%28Traversia+lyalli%29&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2173%2Fbow.stiwre1.01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242322758%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbw.com%2Fspecies%2Fstephens-island-rockwren-traversia-lyalli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+wren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBW-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGill2004" class="citation book cs1">Gill, B.J. (2004). "Family Acanthisittidae (New Zealand wrens)". In Josep, del Hoyo; Andrew, Elliott; David, Christie (eds.). <a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World"><i>Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 9. Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails</i></a>. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse/page/464">464–474</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-69-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-69-6"><bdi>978-84-87334-69-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Acanthisittidae+%28New+Zealand+wrens%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World.+Volume+9.+Cotingas+to+Pipits+and+Wagtails&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=464-474&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-84-87334-69-6&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=B.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+wren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Higgins P.J., Peter J.M & Steele W.K. (Eds) (2001). <i>Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 5: Tyrant-flycatchers to Chats.</i> Oxford University press, Melbourne. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-553244-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-553244-9">0-19-553244-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/rock-wren">"Rock wren | New Zealand Birds Online"</a>. <i>www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz&rft.atitle=Rock+wren+%7C+New+Zealand+Birds+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzbirdsonline.org.nz%2Fspecies%2Frock-wren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+wren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerryScarsbrookScofieldTennyson2019" class="citation journal cs1">Verry, Alexander J. F.; Scarsbrook, Lachie; Scofield, R. Paul; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Weston, Kerry A.; Robertson, Bruce C.; Rawlence, Nicolas J. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffevo.2019.00496">"Who, Where, What, Wren? Using Ancient DNA to Examine the Veracity of Museum Specimen Data: A Case Study of the New Zealand Rock Wren (<i>Xenicus gilviventris</i>)"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</i>. <b>7</b>: 496. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffevo.2019.00496">10.3389/fevo.2019.00496</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Who%2C+Where%2C+What%2C+Wren%3F+Using+Ancient+DNA+to+Examine+the+Veracity+of+Museum+Specimen+Data%3A+A+Case+Study+of+the+New+Zealand+Rock+Wren+%28Xenicus+gilviventris%29&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=496&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffevo.2019.00496&rft.aulast=Verry&rft.aufirst=Alexander+J.+F.&rft.au=Scarsbrook%2C+Lachie&rft.au=Scofield%2C+R.+Paul&rft.au=Tennyson%2C+Alan+J.+D.&rft.au=Weston%2C+Kerry+A.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Bruce+C.&rft.au=Rawlence%2C+Nicolas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3389%252Ffevo.2019.00496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+wren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fuller, E. (2002). Foreword; Extinct Birds pp.11–69 in del Hoyo J., Elliott A. & Christie D.A. (2004). <i>Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 7. Jamacars to Woodpeckers.</i> Barcelona:Lynx Edicions. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-87334-37-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-87334-37-7">84-87334-37-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MichelsenHeath2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MichelsenHeath2007_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichelsen-HeathPeter_G._Gaze2007" class="citation journal cs1">Michelsen-Heath, Sue; Peter G. Gaze (2007). "Changes in abundance and distribution of the rock wren (<i>Xenicus gilviventris</i>) in the South Island, New Zealand". <i>Notornis</i>. <b>54</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">71–</span>78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notornis&rft.atitle=Changes+in+abundance+and+distribution+of+the+rock+wren+%28Xenicus+gilviventris%29+in+the+South+Island%2C+New+Zealand&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Michelsen-Heath&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.au=Peter+G.+Gaze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Zealand+wren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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text"><i lang="mi">korimako</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-billed_gull" title="Black-billed gull">Black-billed gull</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tarāpuka</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipipi" title="Pipipi">Brown creeper</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pipipi</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_teal" title="Brown teal">Brown teal</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pāteke</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buff-banded_rail" title="Buff-banded rail">Buff-banded rail</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moho-pererū</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_grebe" title="New Zealand grebe">Dabchick</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">weweia</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-banded_plover" title="Double-banded plover">Double-banded plover</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pohowera</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_falcon" title="New Zealand falcon">New Zealand falcon</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kārearea</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_fantail" title="New Zealand fantail">Fantail</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pīwakawaka</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_warbler" title="Grey warbler">Grey warbler</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">riroriro</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-faced_petrel" title="Grey-faced petrel">Grey-faced petrel</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ōi</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_kingfisher" title="Sacred kingfisher">Sacred kingfisher</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kōtare</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_cuckoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-tailed cuckoo">Long-tailed cuckoo</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">koekoeā</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB" title="Kererū">Kererū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_pipit" title="New Zealand pipit">Pipit</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pīhoihoi</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dotterel" title="New Zealand dotterel">New Zealand dotterel</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tūturiwhatu</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_robin" title="South Island robin">South Island robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_robin" title="North Island robin">North Island robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_scaup" title="New Zealand scaup">New Zealand scaup</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pāpango</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise_shelduck" title="Paradise shelduck">Paradise shelduck</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pūtangitangi</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABkeko" class="mw-redirect" title="Pūkeko">Pūkeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman_(bird)" title="Rifleman (bird)">Rifleman</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tītipounamu</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_rock_wren" title="New Zealand rock wren">New Zealand rock wren</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pīwauwau</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shining_cuckoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shining cuckoo">Shining cuckoo</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pīpīwharauroa</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvereye" title="Silvereye">Silvereye</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tauhou</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_oystercatcher" title="South Island oystercatcher">South Island oystercatcher</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tōrea</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_shag" title="Spotted shag">Spotted shag</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pārekareka</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomtit" title="Tomtit">Tomtit</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">miromiro</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%AB%C4%AB" title="Tūī">Tūī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_oystercatcher" title="Variable oystercatcher">Variable oystercatcher</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tōrea pango</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-fronted_tern" title="White-fronted tern">White-fronted tern</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tara</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_(bird)" title="Whitehead (bird)">Whitehead</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pōpokotea</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrybill" title="Wrybill">Wrybill</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ngutuparore</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokoeka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Southern brown kiwi"><img alt="Southern brown kiwi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tokoeka.jpg/120px-Tokoeka.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tokoeka.jpg/250px-Tokoeka.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="1473" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flightless<br />birds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_spotted_kiwi" title="Great spotted kiwi">Great spotted kiwi</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">roroa</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_spotted_kiwi" title="Little spotted kiwi">Little spotted kiwi</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kiwi pukupuku</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_brown_kiwi" title="North Island brown kiwi">North Island brown kiwi</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">roroa</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okarito_kiwi" title="Okarito kiwi">Okarito kiwi</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">rowi</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_brown_kiwi" title="Southern brown kiwi">Southern brown kiwi</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tokoeka</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-eyed_penguin" title="Yellow-eyed penguin">Yellow-eyed penguin</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">hoiho</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81k%C4%81p%C5%8D" title="Kākāpō">Kākāpō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_takah%C4%93" class="mw-redirect" title="South Island takahē">South Island takahē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiordland_penguin" title="Fiordland penguin">Fiordland penguin</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tawaki</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weka" title="Weka">Weka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_penguin" title="Little penguin">Blue penguin</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kororā</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Endangered<br />endemic birds<br />(flying)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-fronted_tern" title="Black-fronted tern">Black-fronted tern</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tarapiroe</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_stilt" title="Black stilt">Black stilt</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kakī</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_duck" title="Blue duck">Blue duck</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">whio</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_fernbird" title="New Zealand fernbird">Fernbird</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">mātātā</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveaux_shag" class="mw-redirect" title="Foveaux shag">Foveaux shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81k%C4%81" title="Kākā">Kākā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kea" title="Kea">Kea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_k%C5%8Dkako" title="North Island kōkako">North Island kōkako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_k%C5%8Dkako" title="South Island kōkako">South Island kōkako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_fairy_tern" title="New Zealand fairy tern">New Zealand fairy tern</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tara-iti</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_king_shag" title="New Zealand king shag">New Zealand king shag</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kawau tūī</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_storm_petrel" title="New Zealand storm petrel">New Zealand storm petrel</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">takahikare</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_royal_albatross" title="Northern royal albatross">Northern royal albatross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_shag" class="mw-redirect" title="Otago shag">Otago shag</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Matapo</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanoramphus_malherbi" title="Cyanoramphus malherbi">Orange-fronted parakeet</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kākāriki karaka</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-billed_gull" title="Red-billed gull">Red-billed gull</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tarāpunga</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_saddleback" title="North Island saddleback">North Island saddleback</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tīeke</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_saddleback" title="South Island saddleback">South Island saddleback</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tīeke</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore_plover" title="Shore plover">Shore plover</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tūturuatu</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitchbird" title="Stitchbird">Stitchbird</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">hihi</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_(bird)" title="Yellowhead (bird)">Yellowhead</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">mōhua</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a> <br />birds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_robin" title="Black robin">Black robin</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">karure</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_albatross" title="Chatham albatross">Chatham albatross</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">toroa</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_gerygone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham gerygone">Chatham gerygone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_oystercatcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham oystercatcher">Chatham oystercatcher</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tōrea</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_parakeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham parakeet">Chatham parakeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_petrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham petrel">Chatham petrel</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ranguru</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_pigeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham pigeon">Chatham pigeon</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">parea</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_shag" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham shag">Chatham shag</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">papua</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_snipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham snipe">Chatham snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magenta_petrel" title="Magenta petrel">Magenta petrel</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tāiko</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_shag" title="Pitt shag">Pitt shag</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kawau o rangihaute</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">Subantarctic islands</a> <br />birds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_albatross" title="Antipodean albatross">Antipodean albatross</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Toroa</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_rail" title="Auckland rail">Auckland rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_shag" title="Auckland shag">Auckland shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_teal" title="Auckland teal">Auckland teal</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tētē kākāriki</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodes_parakeet" title="Antipodes parakeet">Antipodes parakeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_shag" title="Bounty shag">Bounty shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_albatross" title="Campbell albatross">Campbell albatross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_shag" title="Campbell shag">Campbell shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_teal" title="Campbell teal">Campbell teal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erect-crested_penguin" title="Erect-crested penguin">Erect-crested penguin</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tawaki nana hī</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reischek%27s_parakeet" title="Reischek's parakeet">Reischek's parakeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snares_snipe" title="Snares snipe">Snares snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snares_penguin" title="Snares penguin">Snares penguin</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">pokotiwha</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_snipe" title="Subantarctic snipe">Subantarctic snipe</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">tutukiwi</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct<br />birds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_piopio" title="South Island piopio">South Island piopio</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">piopio</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_bittern" title="New Zealand bittern">New Zealand bittern</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kaoriki</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_quail" title="New Zealand quail">New Zealand quail</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">koreke</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huia" title="Huia">Huia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haast%27s_eagle" title="Haast's eagle">Haast's eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moa" title="Moa">Moa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_adzebill" class="mw-redirect" title="North Island adzebill">North Island adzebill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_adzebill" class="mw-redirect" title="South Island adzebill">South Island adzebill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Island_merganser" title="Auckland Island merganser">Auckland Island merganser</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">rakiraki maungahuka</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Island_merganser" title="Chatham Island merganser">Chatham Island merganser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushwren" title="Bushwren">Bushwren</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">mātuhituhi</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-billed_wren_(New_Zealand)" title="Long-billed wren (New Zealand)">Long-billed wren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_stout-legged_wren" class="mw-redirect" title="South Island stout-legged wren">South Island stout-legged wren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_stout-legged_wren" class="mw-redirect" title="North Island stout-legged wren">North Island stout-legged wren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyall%27s_wren" title="Lyall's wren">Lyall's wren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_k%C4%81k%C4%81" title="Chatham kākā">Chatham kākā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughing_owl" title="Laughing owl">Laughing owl</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">whēkau</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudyptes_warhami" title="Eudyptes warhami">Chatham penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitaha_penguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Waitaha penguin">Waitaha penguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyles%27_harrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyles' harrier">Eyles' harrier</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">kērangi</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_little_spotted_kiwi" title="North Island little spotted kiwi">North Island little spotted kiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_snipe" title="North Island snipe">North Island snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island_snipe" title="South Island snipe">South Island snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes%27s_snipe" title="Forbes's snipe">Forbes's snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snipe-rail" title="Snipe-rail">Snipe-rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imber%27s_petrel" title="Imber's petrel">Imber's petrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlett%27s_shearwater" title="Scarlett's shearwater">Scarlett's shearwater</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ōiruki</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island_takah%C4%93" title="North Island takahē">North Island takahē</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">moho</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_goose" title="New Zealand goose">New Zealand goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsch%27s_duck" title="Finsch's duck">Finsch's duck</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">manutahora</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_owlet-nightjar" title="New Zealand owlet-nightjar">New Zealand owlet-nightjar</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">ruru hinapō</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_musk_duck" title="New Zealand musk duck">New Zealand musk duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_swan" title="New Zealand swan">New Zealand swan</a> (<span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">poūwa</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Eagle_01.svg/20px-Eagle_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/441b3026-20ad-4f42-bb61-aad60b5600e5">441b3026-20ad-4f42-bb61-aad60b5600e5</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=901940">901940</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=166853">166853</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style 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