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<span>Pharmacology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pharmacology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abuse_and_illegal_trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abuse_and_illegal_trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Abuse and illegal trade</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Abuse_and_illegal_trade-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Abuse and illegal trade subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Abuse_and_illegal_trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production_in_Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_in_Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Production in Syria</span> </div> </a> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_reaction_sequence[clarification_needed]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>A reaction sequence<sup>[<i><span>clarification needed</span></i>]</sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_reaction_sequence[clarification_needed]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparative_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparative_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Preparative conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparative_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synthesis_of_stable_isotope_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis_of_stable_isotope_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Synthesis of stable isotope derivatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthesis_of_stable_isotope_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compound_identification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compound_identification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Compound identification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compound_identification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فينيثايلين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فينيثايلين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فنیتیلین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فنیتیلین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetil%C2%B7lina" title="Fenetil·lina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fenetil·lina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetyllin" title="Fenetyllin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fenetyllin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Φαινεθυλλίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαινεθυλλίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetilina" title="Fenetilina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fenetilina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فنیتیلین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فنیتیلین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9n%C3%A9tylline" title="Fénétylline – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fénétylline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetilin" title="Fenetilin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fenetilin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetillina" title="Fenetillina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fenetillina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פנטילין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנטילין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8D%E3%83%81%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="フェネチリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェネチリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetyllin" title="Fenetyllin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fenetyllin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetylina" title="Fenetylina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fenetylina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetilina" title="Fenetilina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fenetilina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetilin%C4%83" title="Fenetilină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fenetilină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Фенетиллин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фенетиллин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenethylline" title="Fenethylline – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fenethylline" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetilin" title="Fenetilin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Fenetilin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetilin" title="Fenetilin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fenetilin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetyllin" title="Fenetyllin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fenetyllin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenetillin" title="Fenetillin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fenetillin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Фенетилін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фенетилін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E4%B9%83%E4%BB%96%E6%9E%97" title="芬乃他林 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="芬乃他林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27887794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Codrug of amphetamine and theophylline</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Phenethylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenethylene">Phenethylene (Styrene)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title">Fenethylline<br /><span style="font-size:85%; font-weight:normal;"><abbr title="International nonproprietary name">INN</abbr>:</span> Fenetylline</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fenethylline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fenethylline.svg/250px-Fenethylline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fenethylline.svg/375px-Fenethylline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Fenethylline.svg/500px-Fenethylline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="188" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Captagon_molecule_spacefill.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Space-filling model of the captagon molecule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Captagon_molecule_spacefill.png/250px-Captagon_molecule_spacefill.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Captagon_molecule_spacefill.png/375px-Captagon_molecule_spacefill.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Captagon_molecule_spacefill.png/500px-Captagon_molecule_spacefill.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1109" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/international/fenethylline-hydrochloride.html">International Drug Names</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oral</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N06" title="ATC code N06">N06BA10</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N06BA10">WHO</a></span>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_9" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S9</a> (Prohibited substance)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Brazil">BR</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Class_A3" title="Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act">Class A3</a> (Psychoactive drugs)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act#Schedule_III" title="Controlled Drugs and Substances Act">Schedule III</a></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Germany">DE</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Drugs_controlled_by_the_German_Narcotic_Drugs_Act#Anlage_III" title="Drugs controlled by the German Narcotic Drugs Act">Anlage III</a> (Special prescription form required)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Drugs_controlled_by_the_UK_Misuse_of_Drugs_Act#Class_C_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act">Class C</a></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act#Schedule_I_drugs" title="Controlled Substances Act">Schedule I</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">(<i>RS</i>)-1,3-dimethyl- 7-[2-(1-phenylpropan-2-ylamino)ethyl]purine- 2,6-dione</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=3736-08-1">3736-08-1</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/19527">19527</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01482">DB01482</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.18398.html">18398</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/YZ0N7VL5R3">YZ0N7VL5R3</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D07944">D07944</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID50859686">DTXSID50859686</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27887794#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.115.827">100.115.827</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27887794#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>18</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>23</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>5</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002341415000000000♠"></span>341.415</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DC2N%28c1ncn%28c1C%28%3DO%29N2C%29CCNC%28C%29Cc3ccccc3%29C">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chirality_(chemistry)" title="Chirality (chemistry)">Chirality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Racemic_mixture" title="Racemic mixture">Racemic mixture</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=C2N(c1ncn(c1C(=O)N2C)CCNC(C)Cc3ccccc3)C</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C18H23N5O2/c1-13(11-14-7-5-4-6-8-14)19-9-10-23-12-20-16-15(23)17(24)22(3)18(25)21(16)2/h4-8,12-13,19H,9-11H2,1-3H3<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:NMCHYWGKBADVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=461099552&page2=Fenethylline">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fenethylline</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_Approved_Name" title="British Approved Name">BAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Adopted_Name" title="United States Adopted Name">USAN</a>) or <b>fenetylline</b> (<a href="/wiki/International_Nonproprietary_Name" class="mw-redirect" title="International Nonproprietary Name">INN</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Codrug" title="Codrug">codrug</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">theophylline</a> and so a mutual <a href="/wiki/Prodrug" title="Prodrug">prodrug</a> of both. It is also spelled <b>phenethylline</b>; other names for it are <b>amphetamin<wbr />oethyl<wbr />theophylline</b> and <b>amfetyline</b>. The drug was marketed for use as a <a href="/wiki/Psychostimulant" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychostimulant">psychostimulant</a> under the brand names <b>Captagon</b>, <b>Biocapton</b>, and <b>Fitton</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckingham1995_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckingham1995-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndexNominum2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndexNominum2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now illegal in most countries and is produced primarily for illicit use. <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> is considered to be the world's largest producer of the drug, accounting for about 80% of the global supply.<sup id="cite_ref-billions_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billions-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The global market for the drug is worth approximately $5.7 billion (USD).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fenethylline was first synthesized by the German pharmaceutical firm <a href="/wiki/Evonik_Industries" title="Evonik Industries">Degussa AG</a> in 1961 and used for around 25 years as a milder alternative to <a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamine</a> and related compounds.<sup id="cite_ref-misuse_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-misuse-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although there are no <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">FDA</a>-approved indications for fenethylline, it was used in the treatment of "<a href="/wiki/Hyperkinesia" title="Hyperkinesia">hyperkinetic</a> children", in what would now be called <a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a>, and, less commonly, for <a href="/wiki/Narcolepsy" title="Narcolepsy">narcolepsy</a> and depression. One of the main advantages of fenethylline was that it does not increase blood pressure to the same extent as an equivalent dose of amphetamine and so could be used in patients with <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular conditions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fenethylline was considered to have fewer side effects and less potential for abuse than amphetamine. Nevertheless, fenethylline was listed in 1981 as a schedule I <a href="/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Controlled Substances Act">controlled substance in the United States</a>, and it became <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">illegal</a> in most countries in 1986 after being listed by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> for international scheduling under the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a>, even though the actual incidence of fenethylline abuse was quite low.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (November 2021)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fenethylline molecule results when theophylline is <a href="/wiki/Covalent_bond" title="Covalent bond">covalently</a> linked with amphetamine by an <a href="/wiki/Alkyl_group" title="Alkyl group">alkyl chain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fenethylline is <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolized</a> by the body to form two drugs, amphetamine (24.5% of oral dose) and <a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">theophylline</a> (13.7% of oral dose), both of which are active stimulants. The physiological effects of fenethylline therefore seem to result from a combination of these two compounds,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it is not entirely clear how, and seems to involve a synergistic effect between amphetamine and theophylline produced following metabolism.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid30783122_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30783122-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pharmacological actions of fenethylline before cleavage also remain poorly established, though it appears to act directly at several serotonin receptors.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30814658_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30814658-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abuse_and_illegal_trade">Abuse and illegal trade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Abuse and illegal trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Substance abuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substance_use_disorder" title="Substance use disorder">Substance use disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">Substance dependence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drug trade</a></div> <p>Abuse of fenethylline using the former brand name Captagon is common in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-2021_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MondeDiplo2023_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MondeDiplo2023-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeit</a> versions of the drug continue to be available despite its illegality.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fenethylline is much less common outside of the Middle East, to the point that police may not recognize the drug. Fenethylline production and export has become a significant <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Captagon_industry" title="Syrian Captagon industry">industry sponsored by the Syrian government</a>, with revenue from its exports contributing more than 90% of its foreign currency.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Syria#Ba'athist_Syria" title="Syria">Assad regime</a>'s annual fenethylline revenues were estimated to have been worth US$57 billion in 2022, about three times the total trade of all Mexican drug barons.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-billions_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billions-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of these counterfeit "Captagon" tablets contain other amphetamine derivatives that are easier to produce, but are pressed and stamped to look like Captagon pills. Some counterfeit Captagon pills analysed do contain fenethylline, indicating that illicit production of the drug continues to take place.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These illicit pills often contain "a mix of amphetamines, <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>[,] and various fillers",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="The text near this tag needs a citation. (July 2024)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> which are sometimes referred to as "captagon" (with a lowercase "c").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Fenethylline is a popular drug in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">Western Asia</a>, and American media outlet <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported in 2015 that it is allegedly used by <a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">militant groups in Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later research demonstrated that it was the Syrian government of <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> that has been financing production and sponsoring networks of its drug dealers in coordination with the <a href="/wiki/Military_Intelligence_Directorate_(Syria)" title="Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria)">Syrian intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is manufactured locally by a cheap and simple process. In July 2019 in Lebanon, captagon was sold for $1.50 to $2.00 a pill.<sup id="cite_ref-Holley_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 in Syria, low-quality pills were sold locally for less than $1, while high-quality pills are increasingly smuggled abroad and may cost upwards of $14 each in Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-2021_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to some leaks, militant groups export the drug in exchange for weapons and cash.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Abdelelah Mohammed Al-Sharif, secretary general of the National Committee for Narcotics Control and assistant director of Anti-Drug and Preventative Affairs, forty percent of users between the ages of twelve and twenty-two in Saudi Arabia are <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">addicted</a> to fenethylline. In 2017, fenethylline was the most popular recreational drug in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-econ_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econ-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2015, a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Saudi royal family</a>, Prince Abdel Mohsen Bin Walid Bin Abdulaziz, and four others were detained in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> on charges of <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">drug trafficking</a> after airport security discovered two tons of fenethylline pills and some <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> on a private jet scheduled to depart for <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, the Saudi capital.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following month, <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> reported that <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">Turkish authorities</a> had seized two tonnes of fenethylline—about eleven million pills—during raids in the <a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province" title="Hatay Province">Hatay</a> region on the <a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Syria–Turkey border">Syrian border</a>. The pills had been produced in Syria and were being shipped to countries in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanese Army</a> announced that it had discovered two large-scale drug production workshops in the <a href="/wiki/Arsal" title="Arsal">north of the country</a> and seized large quantities of fenethylline pills. Two days earlier, three tons of fenethylline and <a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">hashish</a> were seized at <a href="/wiki/Beirut%E2%80%93Rafic_Hariri_International_Airport" title="Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport">Beirut Airport</a>, concealed in school desks being exported to Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traces of the drug were found on a mobile phone used by <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Lahouaiej-Bouhlel" title="Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel">Mohamed Lahouaiej Bouhlel</a>, a French-Tunisian who <a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">killed eighty-four civilians</a> in Nice on <a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2017, French customs at <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Charles de Gaulle Airport</a> seized 750,000 fenethylline pills being transported from Lebanon to Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, two other consignments of pills were found at Charles de Gaulle Airport: in January, heading for the Czech Republic, and in February, hidden in steel moulds.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further investigation showed that the seized products mainly contained a mixture of amphetamine and theophylline.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2018, Saudi Arabia seized 1.3 million fenethylline pills at the <a href="/wiki/Al-Haditha,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Al-Haditha, Saudi Arabia">Al-Haditha</a> crossing near the border with Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2018, Greece intercepted a Syrian ship sailing for Libya, carrying six tonnes of processed cannabis and three million fenethylline pills.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2019, a shipment of 33 million fenethylline pills, weighing 5.25 tonnes, was seized in Greece coming from Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2019, 800,000 fenethylline pills were found on a boat in the United Arab Emirates.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2019, Saudi customs at Al-Haditha seized over 2.5 million fenethylline pills found inside a truck and a private vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2020, the UAE found 35 million fenethylline pills in a shipment of electric cables from Syria to <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Ali" title="Jebel Ali">Jebel Ali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2020, Saudi Arabia seized 44.7 million fenethylline pills smuggled from Syria,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and citing drug smuggling concerns, imposed an import ban on fruits and vegetables from Lebanon, causing the price of Lebanese lettuce to plummet.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 July 2020, an anti-drug operation coordinated in Italy by the Italian <a href="/wiki/Guardia_di_Finanza" title="Guardia di Finanza">Guardia di Finanza</a> and Customs and Monopolies Agency seized fourteen tonnes of amphetamines, labeled as Captagon, smuggled from Syria and initially thought by the Italian authorities to have been produced by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">ISIS</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Repubblica_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Repubblica-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NBC_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DailyBeast_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyBeast-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were found in three shipping containers filled with around 84 million pills, in the southern port of <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Repubblica_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Repubblica-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NBC_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DailyBeast_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DailyBeast-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2020, Egypt seized two shipments of fenethylline pills at <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a> port coming from Syria. The first had over 3.2 million tablets,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the second contained 11 million.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2020, Italian authorities seized about 14 tonnes of fenethylline arriving from <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, Syria, and heading towards Libya, consisting of about 85 million pills, worth around $1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2021, Egyptian authorities seized eight tons of fenethylline and another eight tons of hashish at <a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a>, from a shipment that arrived from Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2021, Lebanese customs seized at Beirut port a shipment of 5 million fenethylline pills hidden in a tile-making machine, intended for Greece and Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2021, Saudi authorities discovered 5.3 million fenethylline pills hidden in fruits imported from Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_in_Syria">Production in Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production in Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Captagon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Captagon.jpg/220px-Captagon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Captagon.jpg/330px-Captagon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Captagon.jpg/440px-Captagon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4489" data-file-height="2993" /></a><figcaption>127 bags of fenethylline seized in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> before being destroyed in May 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The drug has played a role in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production and sale of fenethylline generates large revenues which are likely used to fund the purchase of weapons, and fenethylline is used as a stimulant by combatants.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poverty and international sanctions that limit legal exports are contributing factors.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2021, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> described the effects of fenethylline production in Syria on the economy as "a dirty business that is creating a near-<a href="/wiki/Narco-state" title="Narco-state">narco-state</a>". Drug money flowing into Syria is destabilizing legitimate businesses, positioning it as the global centre of fenethylline production, with increased industrialization, adaptation, and technical sophistication.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2021, Saudi authorities at <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> port seized 14 million fenethylline tablets hidden inside a shipment of iron plates coming from Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same month, Saudi authorities seized a shipment of 4.5 million fenethylline pills, smuggled inside several orange cartons, at Jeddah port.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2021, Saudi customs discovered 2.1 million fenethylline pills at Al-Haditha hidden in a tomato paste shipment.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>New York Times</i> reported in December 2021 that the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a>'s elite <a href="/wiki/4th_Armoured_Division_(Syria)" title="4th Armoured Division (Syria)">4th Armoured Division</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher al-Assad</a>, the brother of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, oversees much of the production and distribution of fenethylline, among other drugs. The unit controls manufacturing facilities, packing plants, and smuggling networks all across Syria, and had started to deal in <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine#Recreational" title="Methamphetamine">crystal meth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-2021_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division's security bureau, headed by Maj. Gen. Ghassan Bilal, provides protection for factories and along smuggling routes to the port city Latakia and to border crossings with Jordan and Lebanon. Jihad Yazigi, editor of <i>The Syria Report</i>, reported that fenethylline "has probably become Syria's most important source of foreign currency."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-2021_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-2021-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_use">Military use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Military use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fenethylline is a major stimulant used amongst some jihadist fighters. It is sometimes dubbed the "Jihad drug" because of this. It quickly produces a euphoric intensity in users, allowing users to stay awake for very long periods of time. Along with this, one remains more calm and focused under the effects of the drug, which allows for one's senses to stay at more operational levels. It also helps to subdue feelings of fear and hunger, which is beneficial to conducting long term operations.<sup id="cite_ref-Holley_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Globes_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Globes-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychiatrist Dr. Robert Keisling says that the drug "gives you a sense of well-being and euphoria", along with the thought that "you're invincible and that nothing can harm you."<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who go on jihad missions take a lot of it to prepare, says a former fighter associated with the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>. He described the effect: "They go blank. Their heart rate spikes. They lose all connection to their emotions and thoughts." Some commented on this effect as a "zombielike detachment".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An illegal Syrian manufacturer told <i>New York Magazine</i> in 2015 of the effect the drug had on fighters: "[If] someone takes many pills, like 30 or so, they become violent and crazy, paranoid, unafraid of anything. They'll have a thirst for fighting and killing and will shoot at whatever they see. They lose any feeling or empathy for the people in front of them and can kill them without caring at all."<sup id="cite_ref-Globes_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Globes-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to some commentators, fighters taking the drug in Syria were better able to tolerate the pain of being shot <sup id="cite_ref-CNN_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A drug control officer in the central city of Homs told Reuters that protestors and fighters were able to resist painful interrogations better while on fenethylline.<sup id="cite_ref-Holley_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former fighters have told the media that the pills helped them overcome their fear. Doctors report that the drug has dangerous side effects, including psychosis and brain damage. According to former fighters, hundreds became addicted to the pills they were given by brigade leaders without knowing what they were taking.<sup id="cite_ref-Holley_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fenethylline use was associated with the rise of <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One 19-year-old fighter named Kareem, who said he fought alongside ISIS for more than a year, told CNN in 2014: "They gave us drugs, hallucinogenic pills that would make you go to battle not caring if you live or die."<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023, Israel's Ministry of Defense thwarted an attempt to smuggle thousands of fenethylline tablets into the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> claimed at the time that it seized 50,000 fenethylline pills on the border and claimed Israel was attempting to dope Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel has publicly stated that fenethylline was used during the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">October 7</a> attacks, but this has been doubted by some experts.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli forces said they had found fenethylline-containing tablets, powder, and liquid on the bodies of the attackers.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Caroline Rose of Newline Institute said that she had never seen fenethylline made in liquid form. While precursor chemicals for fenethylline tend to be in powdered form, fenethylline itself is not commonly a powder. She concluded "I find it somewhat difficult to believe that, in a single raid, we find two new forms of Captagon."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Videos compiled by the Israeli government of the Hamas attack — cobbled together from cell phones, GoPros, as well as car and surveillance cameras — supposedly show that at least some of the militants were under the influence of the drug.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some experts noted Israel had not made public direct evidence of Captagon use.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fenethylline was reportedly used by the ISIS attackers in the <a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a> in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (July 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to reviewers Pergolizzi Jr., et al., writing in 2024, the clandestine chemical synthesis of fenethylline is "straightforward and inexpensive".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_reaction_sequence[clarification_needed]"><span id="A_reaction_sequence.5Bclarification_needed.5D"></span>A reaction sequence<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: A reaction sequence[clarification needed]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fenethylline_synthesis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fenethylline_synthesis.svg/500px-Fenethylline_synthesis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fenethylline_synthesis.svg/750px-Fenethylline_synthesis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Fenethylline_synthesis.svg/1000px-Fenethylline_synthesis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="168" /></a><figcaption>Synthesis of fenethylline:<sup id="cite_ref-Rücker_1987_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rücker_1987-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>The overall transformation is accomplished in two laboratory steps, each requiring extraction and purification. In the first step, <a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">theophylline</a> (<b>1</b>) is alkylated in a <a href="/wiki/Substitution_reaction" title="Substitution reaction">substitution reaction</a> using <a href="/w/index.php?title=1-bromo-2-chloroethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-bromo-2-chloroethane (page does not exist)">1-bromo-2-chloroethane</a> (<b>2</b>) to give 7-(β-chloroethyl)theophylline (Benaphyllin, Eupnophile; <b>3</b>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the second step, the primary amine in amphetamine (<b>4</b>) displaces the terminal halide in <b>3</b> to give fenethylline (<b>5</b>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparative_conditions">Preparative conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Preparative conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">Theophylline</a> (<b>1</b>) reacts in the first step with 1-bromo-2-chloroethane (<b>2</b>) in solvent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> under <a href="/wiki/Reflux" title="Reflux">reflux</a> at 90 °C for 18 hours,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (July 2024)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> giving the 7-(β-chloroethyl)theophylline product (<b>3</b>) after cooling, filtration, extraction, drying, and chromatographic purification.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (July 2024)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After purification, <b>3</b> is mixed directly in the second step, in absence of solvent,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (July 2024)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with amphetamine (<b>4</b>) and heated to 100 °C for 17 hours to produce fenethylline (<b>5</b>) after cooling, basifying, extraction, drying, and chromatographic purification.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (July 2024)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthesis_of_stable_isotope_derivatives">Synthesis of stable isotope derivatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Synthesis of stable isotope derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition, methods using the per<a href="/wiki/Deuterated" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterated">deuterated</a> analog of <a href="/wiki/1,2-dichloroethane" class="mw-redirect" title="1,2-dichloroethane">1,2-dichloroethane</a> have yielded fenethylline-<i>d<sub>4</sub></i> (the deuterium atoms all lying in the ethyl-bridge between the two drugs); in the hands of these researchers, theophylline and 1,2-dichloroethane-<i>d<sub>4</sub></i> were refluxed in a first step at 80-90 °C for 18 h in 2-propanol / 0.75-molar aqueous sodium hydroxide (3:2) to give the chloroethyl-<i>d<sub>4</sub></i>-theophylline intermediate (corresponding to <b>3</b> above) in 33% yield after extraction and chromatographic purification; this was followed by a second step of heating of this product and amphetamine without solvent to 100 °C for 17 hours to give the desired fenethylline-<i>d<sub>4</sub></i> in 48% yield (16% overall, again after extraction and chromatographic purification).<sup id="cite_ref-you_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-you-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compound_identification">Compound identification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Compound identification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since fenethylline is a controlled drug, a variety of identification methods are needed in order to regulate it. Many identification methods with different samples have been tested. <a href="/wiki/Gas_chromatography-mass_spectrometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry">Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry</a> (GC-MS) has been proven as an accurate tool to identify fenethylline in solid samples, as well as in urine and hair samples.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kikura_1997_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kikura_1997-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPergolizzi_Jr.,_J._LeQuang,_J.K.;_Vortsman,_E.;_Magnusson,_P.;_EL-Tallawy,_S.N.;_Wagner,_M.;_Salah,_R._&_Varrassi,_G.2024" class="citation journal cs1">Pergolizzi Jr., J. LeQuang, J.K.; Vortsman, E.; Magnusson, P.; EL-Tallawy, S.N.; Wagner, M.; Salah, R. & Varrassi, G. (27 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10977473">"The Emergence of the Old Drug Captagon as a New Illicit Drug: A Narrative Review"</a>. <i>Cureus</i>. <b>16</b> (2): e55053. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.55053">10.7759/cureus.55053</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10977473">10977473</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38550445">38550445</a>. <q>First developed in the 1960s in Europe and approved briefly for use in the United States, fenethylline (sold as Captagon, one of its early trade names) is now a prominent drug of abuse in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The drug was withdrawn from the United States market because of side effects that included hallucinations, visual distortions, and psychosis; it has also been linked to rare cases of myocardial infarction, seizures, and delusions. The chemical synthesis of fenethylline is straightforward and inexpensive. Manufactured in clandestine labs in Southern Europe and the Middle East, these amphetamines had been used by affluent Middle Eastern young people for recreation or study aids. Captagon has periodically emerged as a drug used in combat and conflict, and it was implicated in the 2015 riots in Paris...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cureus&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+the+Old+Drug+Captagon+as+a+New+Illicit+Drug%3A+A+Narrative+Review&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e55053&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10977473%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38550445&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7759%2Fcureus.55053&rft.au=Pergolizzi+Jr.%2C+J.+LeQuang%2C+J.K.%3B+Vortsman%2C+E.%3B+Magnusson%2C+P.%3B+EL-Tallawy%2C+S.N.%3B+Wagner%2C+M.%3B+Salah%2C+R.+%26+Varrassi%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10977473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenethylline" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amfecloral" title="Amfecloral">Amfecloral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafedrine" title="Cafedrine">Cafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencamine" title="Fencamine">Fencamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodrenaline" title="Theodrenaline">Theodrenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylline_ephedrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophylline ephedrine">Theophylline ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDCM-04" title="ZDCM-04">ZDCM-04</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenethylline&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnvisa2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Health_Regulatory_Agency" title="Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency">Anvisa</a> (31 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992">"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"</a> [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rio_Oficial_da_Uni%C3%A3o" title="Diário Oficial da União">Diário Oficial da União</a> (published 4 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230803143925/https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RDC+N%C2%BA+784+-+Listas+de+Subst%C3%A2ncias+Entorpecentes%2C+Psicotr%C3%B3picas%2C+Precursoras+e+Outras+sob+Controle+Especial&rft.pub=Di%C3%A1rio+Oficial+da+Uni%C3%A3o&rft.date=2023-03-31&rft.au=Anvisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.in.gov.br%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fdou%2F-%2Fresolucao-rdc-n-784-de-31-de-marco-de-2023-474904992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenethylline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buckingham1995-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buckingham1995_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2Su3GKCvtsC&pg=PA3140"><i>Dictionary of Organic Compounds</i></a>. CRC Press. 1996. pp. 3140–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-412-54090-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-412-54090-5"><bdi>978-0-412-54090-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Organic+Compounds&rft.pages=3140-&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-412-54090-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx2Su3GKCvtsC%26pg%3DPA3140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenethylline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndexNominum2000-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndexNominum2000_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA431"><i>Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. 2000. pp. 431–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88763-075-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88763-075-1"><bdi>978-3-88763-075-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+Nominum+2000%3A+International+Drug+Directory&rft.pages=431-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-88763-075-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5GpcTQD_L2oC%26pg%3DPA431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenethylline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-billions-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-billions_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-billions_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlkhaldi2023" class="citation news cs1">Alkhaldi C (11 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517053609/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/10/middleeast/syria-drugs-bargaining-chip-mime-intl/index.html">"A little-known drug brought billions to Syria's coffers. Now it's a bargaining chip"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syria+fighters+may+be+fueled+by+amphetamines&rft.date=2015-11-21&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=McConnell%2C+D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F11%2F20%2Fworld%2Fsyria-fighters-amphetamine%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenethylline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230519102454/https://coar-global.org/2021/04/27/the-syrian-economy-at-war-captagon-hashish-and-the-syrian-narco-state/">"The Syrian Economy at War: Captagon, Hashish, and the Syrian Narco-State"</a>. <i>Center for Operational Analysis and Research</i>. 27 April 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coar-global.org/2021/04/27/the-syrian-economy-at-war-captagon-hashish-and-the-syrian-narco-state/">the original</a> on 19 May 2023. <q>Whereas attention has been lavished on drug use among combatants, little attention has been paid to the societal and individual costs of the pervasive spread of narcotics during the conflict. Even more neglected are the structural dynamics of drug trafficking and their impact on the trajectory of the conflict itself. As the Syrian state has re-consolidated control over much of the country since 2018, narcotics trafficking in Syria has become more expansive and widespread. In parallel, the decimation of conventional economic activities has increased the relative attractiveness of industrial-scale drug profiteering, which has been largely captured and controlled by narco-entrepreneurs linked to the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and the regime's foreign allies. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>Israeli security forces have not produced any evidence to back up the claims put out in those outlets by anonymous officials. In the month since Oct. 7, Israel has not shown photographic or chemical evidence showing any widespread captagon use by Hamas in the attacks last month.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Task+%26+Purpose&rft.atitle=Did+a+stimulant+known+as+%27the+drug+of+jihad%27+fuel+Hamas+terror+on+Oct.+7%3F&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft.aulast=Slayton&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaskandpurpose.com%2Fnews%2Fhamas-captagon-terror-attacks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenethylline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davis, Katie & Stewart, Will (28 March 2024). "Terror zombies. 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"Zur chemischen Stabilität des Fenetyllins" [The chemical stability of fenethylline]. <i>Archiv der Pharmazie</i> (in German). <b>320</b> (12): 1272–1275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fardp.198700045">10.1002/ardp.198700045</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3439867">3439867</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84235752">84235752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archiv+der+Pharmazie&rft.atitle=Zur+chemischen+Stabilit%C3%A4t+des+Fenetyllins&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1272-1275&rft.date=1987-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84235752%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3439867&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fardp.198700045&rft.aulast=R%C3%BCcker&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Neugebauer%2C+M&rft.au=Neugebauer%2C+M&rft.au=Heiden%2C+PG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFenethylline" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFKohlstaedt_E,_Klingler_KH1962"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=DE1123329">DE 1123329</a>, Kohlstaedt E, Klingler KH, issued 1962,  assigned to Chemiewerk Homburg Zweignieder.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=1123329&rft.cc=DE&rft.title=&rft.inventor=Kohlstaedt+E%2C+Klingler+KH&rft.assignee=Chemiewerk+Homburg+Zweignieder&rft.date=1962"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFKohlstaedt_E,_Klingler_KH1962"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=GB927288">GB 927288</a>, Kohlstaedt E, Klingler KH, issued 1962,  assigned to Chemiewerk Homburg Zweignieder."[Title] 1-and 7-(basically-substituted-alkyl) xanthine derivatives, a process for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. [Front page drawing] X—A—NH—CH(R<sub>1</sub>)—CH<sub>2</sub>—R<sub>2</sub> [Abstract] The invention comprises compounds of the general formula wherein X represents a 1-theobromine or 7-theophylline radical, A is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical, R1 is an alkyl radical of 1-3 carbon atoms and R2 is an aryl, e.g. phenyl radical, together with acid addition salts thereof, and comprises also the preparation of those compounds by reacting a haloalkyl-xanthine X-A-Halogen with an aralkylamine of the formula H2N-CH(R1)-CH2-R2, preferably at 70 DEG -170 DEG C. in an inert solvent such as toluene in the presence of an acid-binding agent such as potassium carbonate..."</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=927288&rft.cc=GB&rft.title=&rft.inventor=Kohlstaedt+E%2C+Klingler+KH&rft.assignee=Chemiewerk+Homburg+Zweignieder.&rft.date=1962"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-you-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-you_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYouChenWangChen2008" class="citation journal cs1">You ZY, Chen YJ, Wang YY, Chen C (June 2008). 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See You et al. 2008, op. cit.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kikura_1997-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kikura_1997_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKikuraNakahara1997" class="citation journal cs1">Kikura R, Nakahara Y (1997). "Hair analysis for drugs of abuse. XVI. 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title="Memantine">Memantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimantadine" title="Rimantadine">Rimantadine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_receptor" title="Adenosine receptor">Adenosine antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8-Chlorotheophylline" title="8-Chlorotheophylline">8-Chlorotheophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine" title="8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine">8-Cyclopentyltheophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Phenyltheophylline" title="8-Phenyltheophylline">8-Phenyltheophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminophylline" title="Aminophylline">Aminophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-15943" title="CGS-15943">CGS-15943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethazan" title="Dimethazan">Dimethazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istradefylline" title="Istradefylline">Istradefylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraxanthine" title="Paraxanthine">Paraxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-58261" title="SCH-58261">SCH-58261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobromine" title="Theobromine">Theobromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">Theophylline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psychotropic_alkylamines" title="Psychotropic alkylamines">Alkylamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentamine" title="Cyclopentamine">Cyclopentamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypenamine" title="Cypenamine">Cypenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodenate" title="Cyprodenate">Cyprodenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptaminol" title="Heptaminol">Heptaminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isometheptene" title="Isometheptene">Isometheptene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylhexanamine" title="Methylhexanamine">Methylhexaneamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octodrine" title="Octodrine">Octodrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylhexedrine" title="Propylhexedrine">Propylhexedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuaminoheptane" title="Tuaminoheptane">Tuaminoheptane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ampakine" title="Ampakine">Ampakines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CX-516" title="CX-516">CX-516</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CX-546" title="CX-546">CX-546</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CX-614" class="mw-redirect" title="CX-614">CX-614</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farampator" title="Farampator">CX-691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CX717" title="CX717">CX-717</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDRA-21" title="IDRA-21">IDRA-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-404,187" class="mw-redirect" title="LY-404,187">LY-404,187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY-503,430" class="mw-redirect" title="LY-503,430">LY-503,430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nooglutyl" title="Nooglutyl">Nooglutyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Org_26576" class="mw-redirect" title="Org 26576">Org 26576</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEPA_(drug)" title="PEPA (drug)">PEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-18986" title="S-18986">S-18986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunifiram" title="Sunifiram">Sunifiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unifiram" title="Unifiram">Unifiram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arylcyclohexylamine" title="Arylcyclohexylamine">Arylcyclohexylamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benocyclidine" title="Benocyclidine">Benocyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieticyclidine" title="Dieticyclidine">Dieticyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esketamine" title="Esketamine">Esketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eticyclidine" title="Eticyclidine">Eticyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacyclidine" title="Gacyclidine">Gacyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine">Ketamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phencyclamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Phencyclamine">Phencyclamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phencyclidine" title="Phencyclidine">Phencyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolicyclidine" title="Rolicyclidine">Rolicyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenocyclidine" title="Tenocyclidine">Tenocyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiletamine" title="Tiletamine">Tiletamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benzazepine" title="Benzazepine">Benzazepines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6-Br-APB" title="6-Br-APB">6-Br-APB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-77434" class="mw-redirect" title="SKF-77434">SKF-77434</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-81297" class="mw-redirect" title="SKF-81297">SKF-81297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-82958" class="mw-redirect" title="SKF-82958">SKF-82958</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_cathinone" title="Substituted cathinone">Cathinones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-FMC" class="mw-redirect" title="3-FMC">3-FMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-MMC" class="mw-redirect" title="3-MMC">3-MMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone" title="3,4-Dimethylmethcathinone">3,4-DMMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Bromomethcathinone" title="4-Bromomethcathinone">4-BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Chloromethcathinone" title="4-Chloromethcathinone">4-CMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylbuphedrone" title="4-Methylbuphedrone">4-Methylbuphedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylcathinone" title="4-Methylcathinone">4-Methylcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methyl-%CE%B1-ethylaminopentiophenone" title="4-Methyl-α-ethylaminopentiophenone">4-MEAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylpentedrone" title="4-Methylpentedrone">4-Methylpentedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepramone" title="Amfepramone">Amfepramone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzedrone" title="Benzedrone">Benzedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buphedrone" title="Buphedrone">Buphedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butylone" title="Butylone">Butylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathinone" title="Cathinone">Cathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylcathinone" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimethylcathinone">Dimethylcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethcathinone" title="Ethcathinone">Ethcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylone" title="Ethylone">Ethylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flephedrone" title="Flephedrone">Flephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexedrone" title="Hexedrone">Hexedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoethcathinone" title="Isoethcathinone">Isoethcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephedrone" title="Mephedrone">Mephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methcathinone" title="Methcathinone">Methcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methedrone" title="Methedrone">Methedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxycathinone" title="Methylenedioxycathinone">Methylenedioxycathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylone" title="Methylone">Methylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexedrone" title="Mexedrone">Mexedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Ethylbuphedrone" title="N-Ethylbuphedrone">N-Ethylbuphedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Ethylhexedrone" title="N-Ethylhexedrone">N-Ethylhexedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentedrone" title="Pentedrone">Pentedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentylone" title="Pentylone">Pentylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthalimidopropiophenone" title="Phthalimidopropiophenone">Phthalimidopropiophenone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">Cholinergics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-84,543" title="A-84,543">A-84,543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-366,833" title="A-366,833">A-366,833</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT-202" title="ABT-202">ABT-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT-418" title="ABT-418">ABT-418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR-R17779" title="AR-R17779">AR-R17779</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altinicline" title="Altinicline">Altinicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabasine" title="Anabasine">Anabasine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecoline" title="Arecoline">Arecoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradanicline" title="Bradanicline">Bradanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotinine" title="Cotinine">Cotinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytisine" title="Cytisine">Cytisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianicline" title="Dianicline">Dianicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epibatidine" title="Epibatidine">Epibatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiboxidine" title="Epiboxidine">Epiboxidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTS-21" title="GTS-21">GTS-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispronicline" title="Ispronicline">Ispronicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHA-543,613" title="PHA-543,613">PHA-543,613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNU-120,596" title="PNU-120,596">PNU-120,596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNU-282,987" title="PNU-282,987">PNU-282,987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozanicline" title="Pozanicline">Pozanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivanicline" title="Rivanicline">Rivanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazetidine_A" title="Sazetidine A">Sazetidine A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIB-1553A" title="SIB-1553A">SIB-1553A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSR-180,711" title="SSR-180,711">SSR-180,711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-1698" title="TC-1698">TC-1698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-1827" title="TC-1827">TC-1827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC-2216" title="TC-2216">TC-2216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebanicline" title="Tebanicline">Tebanicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UB-165" title="UB-165">UB-165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenicline" title="Varenicline">Varenicline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-317,538" class="mw-redirect" title="WAY-317,538">WAY-317,538</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Convulsion" title="Convulsion">Convulsants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatoxin-a" title="Anatoxin-a">Anatoxin-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicuculline" title="Bicuculline">Bicuculline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMCM" title="DMCM">DMCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flurothyl" title="Flurothyl">Flurothyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabazine" title="Gabazine">Gabazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentylenetetrazol" title="Pentylenetetrazol">Pentetrazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrotoxin" title="Picrotoxin">Picrotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strychnine" title="Strychnine">Strychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thujone" title="Thujone">Thujone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eugeroic" title="Eugeroic">Eugeroics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrafinil" title="Adrafinil">Adrafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armodafinil" title="Armodafinil">Armodafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRL-40,940" class="mw-redirect" title="CRL-40,940">CRL-40,940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRL-40,941" class="mw-redirect" title="CRL-40,941">CRL-40,941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorenol" title="Fluorenol">Fluorenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modafinil" title="Modafinil">Modafinil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oxazoline" title="Oxazoline">Oxazolines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylaminorex" title="4-Methylaminorex">4-Methylaminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminorex" title="Aminorex">Aminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clominorex" title="Clominorex">Clominorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclazodone" title="Cyclazodone">Cyclazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenozolone" title="Fenozolone">Fenozolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluminorex" title="Fluminorex">Fluminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemoline" title="Pemoline">Pemoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thozalinone" title="Thozalinone">Thozalinone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_phenethylamine" title="Substituted phenethylamine">Phenethylamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylphenylisobutylamine" title="4-Methylphenylisobutylamine">1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-aminobutane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane" title="1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane">1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Fluoroamphetamine" title="2-Fluoroamphetamine">2-Fluoroamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-FMA" class="mw-redirect" title="2-FMA">2-Fluoromethamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="2-Hydroxyphenethylamine">2-OH-PEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane" title="2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane">2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">2,3-MDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-FA" class="mw-redirect" title="3-FA">3-Fluoroamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Fluoroethamphetamine" title="3-Fluoroethamphetamine">3-Fluoroethamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxyamphetamine" title="3-Methoxyamphetamine">3-Methoxyamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methylamphetamine" title="3-Methylamphetamine">3-Methylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-FA" class="mw-redirect" title="4-FA">4-Fluoroamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-FMA" class="mw-redirect" title="4-FMA">4-Fluoromethamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylamphetamine" title="4-Methylamphetamine">4-MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylmethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methylmethamphetamine">4-MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylthioamphetamine" title="4-Methylthioamphetamine">4-MTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-Fluoronorepinephrine" title="6-Fluoronorepinephrine">6-FNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AL-1095" title="AL-1095">AL-1095</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfetamine" title="Alfetamine">Alfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Ethylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Ethylphenethylamine">a-Ethylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfecloral" title="Amfecloral">Amfecloral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepentorex" title="Amfepentorex">Amfepentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amidephrine" title="Amidephrine">Amidephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene" title="2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene">2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminoindane" title="2-Aminoindane">2-Aminoindane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole" class="mw-redirect" title="5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole">5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminotetralin" title="2-Aminotetralin">2-Aminotetralin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acridorex" title="Acridorex">Acridorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dextroamphetamine" title="Dextroamphetamine">Dextroamphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levoamphetamine" title="Levoamphetamine">Levoamphetamine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetaminil" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetaminil">Amphetaminil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbutamine" title="Arbutamine">Arbutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Methylphenethylamine" title="Β-Methylphenethylamine">β-Methylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Phenylmethamphetamine" title="Β-Phenylmethamphetamine">β-Phenylmethamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benfluorex" title="Benfluorex">Benfluorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzphetamine" title="Benzphetamine">Benzphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodioxolylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzodioxolylbutanamine">BDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOH_(drug)" title="BOH (drug)">BOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Benzhydrylmorpholine" title="3-Benzhydrylmorpholine">3-Benzhydrylmorpholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane" title="Benzofuranylpropylaminopentane">BPAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camfetamine" title="Camfetamine">Camfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathine" title="Cathine">Cathine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphentermine" title="Chlorphentermine">Chlorphentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilobamine" title="Cilobamine">Cilobamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamedrine" title="Cinnamedrine">Cinnamedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clenbuterol" title="Clenbuterol">Clenbuterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenzorex" title="Clobenzorex">Clobenzorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloforex" title="Cloforex">Cloforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clortermine" title="Clortermine">Clortermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypenamine" title="Cypenamine">Cypenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Deprenyl" title="D-Deprenyl"><small>D</small>-Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denopamine" title="Denopamine">Denopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoxyamphetamine" title="Dimethoxyamphetamine">Dimethoxyamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylamphetamine" title="Dimethylamphetamine">Dimethylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobutamine" title="Dobutamine">Dobutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-DOPA" title="L-DOPA">DOPA</a> (<a href="/wiki/D-DOPA" title="D-DOPA">Dextrodopa</a>, <a href="/wiki/L-DOPA" title="L-DOPA">Levodopa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopexamine" title="Dopexamine">Dopexamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-DOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="L-DOPS">Droxidopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine">EBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinine">Epinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etafedrine" title="Etafedrine">Etafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylnorepinephrine" title="Ethylnorepinephrine">Ethylnorepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilamfetamine" title="Etilamfetamine">Etilamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilefrine" title="Etilefrine">Etilefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencamfamin" title="Fencamfamin">Fencamfamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencamine" title="Fencamine">Fencamine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fenethylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenfluramine" title="Fenfluramine">Fenfluramine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dexfenfluramine" title="Dexfenfluramine">Dexfenfluramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levofenfluramine" title="Levofenfluramine">Levofenfluramine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenproporex" title="Fenproporex">Fenproporex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feprosidnine" title="Feprosidnine">Feprosidnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludorex" title="Fludorex">Fludorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formetorex" title="Formetorex">Formetorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furfenorex" title="Furfenorex">Furfenorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepefrine" title="Gepefrine">Gepefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexapradol" title="Hexapradol">Hexapradol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine" title="4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine">HMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordenine" title="Hordenine">Hordenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyamphetamine" title="4-Hydroxyamphetamine">4-Hydroxyamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-IAI" title="5-IAI">5-Iodo-2-aminoindane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibopamine" title="Ibopamine">Ibopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indanylaminopropane" class="mw-redirect" title="Indanylaminopropane">Indanylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iofetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iofetamine">Iofetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoetarine" title="Isoetarine">Isoetarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoprenaline" title="Isoprenaline">Isoprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline"><small>L</small>-Deprenyl</a> (Selegiline)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefetamine" title="Lefetamine">Lefetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine" title="Lisdexamfetamine">Lisdexamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophophine" title="Lophophine">Lophophine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine">MBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">MDA (tenamfetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxybutylamphetamine" title="Methylenedioxybutylamphetamine">MDBU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine">MDEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA (midomafetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine">MDMPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine">MDOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxypropylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxypropylamphetamine">MDPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyphenethylamine">MDPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenorex" title="Mefenorex">Mefenorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephentermine" title="Mephentermine">Mephentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metanephrine" title="Metanephrine">Metanephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaraminol" title="Metaraminol">Metaraminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesocarb" title="Mesocarb">Mesocarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Dextromethamphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levomethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Levomethamphetamine">Levomethamphetamine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxamine" title="Methoxamine">Methoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyphenamine" title="Methoxyphenamine">Methoxyphenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine" title="3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine">MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxyphenamine" title="Methoxyphenamine">Methoxyphenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDA_(drug)" title="MMDA (drug)">MMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDMA" title="MMDMA">MMDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxymethamphetamine" title="3-Methoxymethamphetamine">MMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morforex" title="Morforex">Morforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine">N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine" title="N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine">N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphthylaminopropane" title="Naphthylaminopropane">Naphthylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisoxetine" title="Nisoxetine">Nisoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfenefrine" title="Norfenefrine">Norfenefrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfenfluramine" title="Norfenfluramine">Norfenfluramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normetanephrine" title="Normetanephrine">Normetanephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-Norpseudoephedrine" title="L-Norpseudoephedrine"><small>L</small>-Norpseudoephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopamine" title="Octopamine">Octopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orciprenaline" title="Orciprenaline">Orciprenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortetamine" title="Ortetamine">Ortetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxifentorex" title="Oxifentorex">Oxifentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxilofrine" title="Oxilofrine">Oxilofrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Bromoamphetamine" title="Para-Bromoamphetamine">PBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Chloroamphetamine" title="Para-Chloroamphetamine">PCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Chloromethamphetamine" title="Para-Chloromethamphetamine">PCMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norpholedrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Norpholedrine">PHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentorex" title="Pentorex">Pentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenatine" title="Phenatine">Phenatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenpromethamine" title="Phenpromethamine">Phenpromethamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phentermine" title="Phentermine">Phentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">Phenylalanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylephrine" title="Phenylephrine">Phenylephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">Phenylpropanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pholedrine" title="Pholedrine">Pholedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Iodoamphetamine" title="Para-Iodoamphetamine">PIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyamphetamine" title="Para-Methoxyamphetamine">PMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Para-Methoxyethylamphetamine">PMEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxymethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Para-Methoxymethamphetamine">PMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpropylaminopentane" title="Phenylpropylaminopentane">PPAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenylamine" title="Prenylamine">Prenylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylamphetamine" title="Propylamphetamine">Propylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine" title="Pseudoephedrine">Pseudoephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropinirole" title="Ropinirole">Ropinirole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">Salbutamol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Levosalbutamol" title="Levosalbutamol">Levosalbutamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibutramine" title="Sibutramine">Sibutramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solriamfetol" title="Solriamfetol">Solriamfetol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synephrine" title="Synephrine">Synephrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodrenaline" title="Theodrenaline">Theodrenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiflorex" title="Tiflorex">Tiflorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranylcypromine" title="Tranylcypromine">Tranylcypromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyramine" title="Tyramine">Tyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">Tyrosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylopropamine" title="Xylopropamine">Xylopropamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylofuramine" title="Zylofuramine">Zylofuramine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_phenylmorpholine" title="Substituted phenylmorpholine">Phenylmorpholines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-Fluorophenmetrazine" title="3-Fluorophenmetrazine">3-Fluorophenmetrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenbutrazate" title="Fenbutrazate">Fenbutrazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenmetramide" title="Fenmetramide">Fenmetramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-130" title="G-130">G-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifaxine" title="Manifaxine">Manifaxine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morazone" title="Morazone">Morazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morforex" title="Morforex">Morforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaflozane" title="Oxaflozane">Oxaflozane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PD-128,907" title="PD-128,907">PD-128,907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phendimetrazine" title="Phendimetrazine">Phendimetrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenmetrazine" title="Phenmetrazine">Phenmetrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine" title="2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine">2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudophenmetrazine" title="Pseudophenmetrazine">Pseudophenmetrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radafaxine" title="Radafaxine">Radafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piperazine" title="Piperazine">Piperazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2C-B-BZP" title="2C-B-BZP">2C-B-BZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(2-phenylethyl)piperazine" class="mw-redirect" title="1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(2-phenylethyl)piperazine">3C-PEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylpiperazine" title="Benzylpiperazine">BZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CM156" title="CM156">CM156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBL-583" title="DBL-583">DBL-583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-12783" title="GBR-12783">GBR-12783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-12935" title="GBR-12935">GBR-12935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-13069" title="GBR-13069">GBR-13069</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-13098" title="GBR-13098">GBR-13098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBR-13119" title="GBR-13119">GBR-13119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JJC8-088" title="JJC8-088">JJC8-088</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine" title="Para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine">MeOPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylbenzylpiperazine" title="Methylbenzylpiperazine">MBZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine" title="Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine">oMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanoxerine" title="Vanoxerine">Vanoxerine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piperidine" title="Piperidine">Piperidines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine" title="1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine">1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Benzylpiperidine" title="2-Benzylpiperidine">2-Benzylpiperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Methyl-3-phenylpiperidine" title="2-Methyl-3-phenylpiperidine">2-Methyl-3-phenylpiperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate" title="3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate">3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Benzylpiperidine" title="4-Benzylpiperidine">4-Benzylpiperidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoromethylphenidate" title="4-Fluoromethylphenidate">4-Fluoromethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylmethylphenidate" title="4-Methylmethylphenidate">4-Methylmethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoxypipradrol" title="Desoxypipradrol">Desoxypipradrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difemetorex" title="Difemetorex">Difemetorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenylpyraline" title="Diphenylpyraline">Diphenylpyraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDEP-28" title="HDEP-28">Ethylnaphthidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylphenidate" title="Ethylphenidate">Ethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMP-28" title="HDMP-28">Methylnaphthidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropylphenidate" title="Isopropylphenidate">Isopropylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JZ-IV-10" title="JZ-IV-10">JZ-IV-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylphenidate" title="Methylphenidate">Methylphenidate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dexmethylphenidate" title="Dexmethylphenidate">Dexmethylphenidate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/(%2B)-CPCA" title="(+)-CPCA">Nocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levophacetoperane" title="Levophacetoperane">Phacetoperane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipradrol" title="Pipradrol">Pipradrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylphenidate" title="Propylphenidate">Propylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serdexmethylphenidate" title="Serdexmethylphenidate">Serdexmethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-5472" title="SCH-5472">SCH-5472</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pyrrolidine" title="Pyrrolidine">Pyrrolidines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine" title="2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine">2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone">4-Cl-PVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-DBFPV" title="5-DBFPV">5-DBFPV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone">α-PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinobutiophenone">α-PBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-PCYP" title="Α-PCYP">α-PCYP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-PHiP" title="Α-PHiP">α-PHiP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone">α-PHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Pyrrolidinoheptaphenone" title="Α-Pyrrolidinoheptaphenone">α-PHPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone">α-PVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone">α-PVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenylprolinol" title="Diphenylprolinol">Diphenylprolinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%27,4%27-Dimethoxy-%CE%B1-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="3',4'-Dimethoxy-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone">DMPVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Fluoro-%CE%B1-Pyrrolidinooctanophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Fluoro-α-Pyrrolidinooctanophenone">FPOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Fluoro-%CE%B1-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Fluoro-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone">FPVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%27,4%27-Methylenedioxy-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone" title="3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone">MDPPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%27,4%27-Methylenedioxy-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinobutiophenone" title="3',4'-Methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone">MDPBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-a-pyrrolidinobutiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Methyl-a-pyrrolidinobutiophenone">MPBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinohexiophenone" title="4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone">MPHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methyl-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone" title="4'-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone">MPPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methoxy-%CE%B1-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Methoxy-α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone">MOPVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Methoxy-%CE%B1-pyrrolidinopropiophenone" title="4'-Methoxy-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone">MOPPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indapyrophenidone" title="Indapyrophenidone">Indapyrophenidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxypyrovalerone" title="Methylenedioxypyrovalerone">MDPV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphyrone" title="Naphyrone">Naphyrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylethylpyrrolidine" title="Phenylethylpyrrolidine">PEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picilorex" title="Picilorex">Picilorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolintane" title="Prolintane">Prolintane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrovalerone" title="Pyrovalerone">Pyrovalerone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Racetam" title="Racetam">Racetams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxiracetam" title="Oxiracetam">Oxiracetam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpiracetam" title="Phenylpiracetam">Phenylpiracetam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpiracetam_hydrazide" title="Phenylpiracetam hydrazide">Phenylpiracetam hydrazide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropane" title="Tropane">Tropanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-fluorotropacocaine" class="mw-redirect" title="4-fluorotropacocaine">4-fluorotropacocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Fluorococaine" class="mw-redirect" title="4'-Fluorococaine">4'-Fluorococaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altropane" title="Altropane">Altropane (IACFT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasofensine" title="Brasofensine">Brasofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_35428" class="mw-redirect" title="WIN 35428">CFT (WIN 35,428)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-55" title="RTI-55">β-CIT (RTI-55)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaethylene" title="Cocaethylene">Cocaethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichloropane" title="Dichloropane">Dichloropane (RTI-111)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difluoropine" title="Difluoropine">Difluoropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FE-%CE%B2-CPPIT" title="FE-β-CPPIT">FE-β-CPPIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FP-%CE%B2-CPPIT" title="FP-β-CPPIT">FP-β-CPPIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioflupane_(123I)" title="Ioflupane (123I)">Ioflupane (<sup>123</sup>I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norcocaine" title="Norcocaine">Norcocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Propanoyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-tropane" title="2-Propanoyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-tropane">PIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%CE%B2-Propanoyl-3%CE%B2-(4-tolyl)-tropane" title="2β-Propanoyl-3β-(4-tolyl)-tropane">PTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-31" title="RTI-31">RTI-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-32" title="RTI-32">RTI-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-51" title="RTI-51">RTI-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-112" title="RTI-112">RTI-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-113" title="RTI-113">RTI-113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-120" title="RTI-120">RTI-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-121" title="RTI-121">RTI-121 (IPCIT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-126" title="RTI-126">RTI-126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-150" title="RTI-150">RTI-150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-177" title="RTI-177">RTI-177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-229" title="RTI-229">RTI-229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(-)-2%CE%B2-(3-(4-Methylphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3%CE%B2-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane" class="mw-redirect" title="(-)-2β-(3-(4-Methylphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane">RTI-336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-354" class="mw-redirect" title="RTI-354">RTI-354</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-371" title="RTI-371">RTI-371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTI-386" class="mw-redirect" title="RTI-386">RTI-386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylmethylecgonine" title="Salicylmethylecgonine">Salicylmethylecgonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesofensine" title="Tesofensine">Tesofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troparil" title="Troparil">Troparil (β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropoxane" title="Tropoxane">Tropoxane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%CE%B2-Propanoyl-3%CE%B2-(2-naphthyl)-tropane" title="2β-Propanoyl-3β-(2-naphthyl)-tropane">WF-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2%CE%B1-(Propanoyl)-3%CE%B2-(2-(6-methoxynaphthyl))-tropane" title="2α-(Propanoyl)-3β-(2-(6-methoxynaphthyl))-tropane">WF-33</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Substituted_tryptamine" title="Substituted tryptamine">Tryptamines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-HO-%CE%B1MT" title="4-HO-αMT">4-HO-αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methyl-%CE%B1ET" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methyl-αET">4-Methyl-αET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methyl-%CE%B1MT" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methyl-αMT">4-Methyl-αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Chloro-%CE%B1MT" title="5-Chloro-αMT">5-Chloro-αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Fluoro-%CE%B1MT" class="mw-redirect" title="5-Fluoro-αMT">5-Fluoro-αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-%CE%B1ET" class="mw-redirect" title="5-MeO-αET">5-MeO-αET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-%CE%B1MT" class="mw-redirect" title="5-MeO-αMT">5-MeO-αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine">5-MeO-DIPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-Fluoro-%CE%B1MT" class="mw-redirect" title="6-Fluoro-αMT">6-Fluoro-αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Methyl-%CE%B1ET" class="mw-redirect" title="7-Methyl-αET">7-Methyl-αET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Ethyltryptamine" title="Α-Ethyltryptamine">αET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Methyltryptamine" title="Α-Methyltryptamine">αMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-MDP" title="2-MDP">2-MDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine" title="3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine">3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfonelic_acid" title="Amfonelic acid">Amfonelic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiphenazole" title="Amiphenazole">Amiphenazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atipamezole" title="Atipamezole">Atipamezole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomoxetine" title="Atomoxetine">Atomoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bemegride" title="Bemegride">Bemegride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzydamine" title="Benzydamine">Benzydamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyltolylquinuclidine" title="Butyltolylquinuclidine">BTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTS_74,398" title="BTS 74,398">BTS 74,398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centanafadine" title="Centanafadine">Centanafadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciclazindol" title="Ciclazindol">Ciclazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofenciclan" title="Clofenciclan">Clofenciclan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cropropamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Cropropamide">Cropropamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotetamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Crotetamide">Crotetamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-161" title="D-161">D-161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">Desipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diclofensine" title="Diclofensine">Diclofensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethocaine" title="Dimethocaine">Dimethocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efaroxan" title="Efaroxan">Efaroxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamivan" title="Etamivan">Etamivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenisorex" title="Fenisorex">Fenisorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenpentadiol" title="Fenpentadiol">Fenpentadiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamfexine" title="Gamfexine">Gamfexine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilutensin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilutensin">Gilutensin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK1360707F" title="GSK1360707F">GSK1360707F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYKI-52895" class="mw-redirect" title="GYKI-52895">GYKI-52895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexacyclonate" title="Hexacyclonate">Hexacyclonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idazoxan" title="Idazoxan">Idazoxan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indanorex" title="Indanorex">Indanorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indatraline" title="Indatraline">Indatraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JNJ-7925476" title="JNJ-7925476">JNJ-7925476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazabemide" title="Lazabemide">Lazabemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptacline" title="Leptacline">Leptacline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomevactone" title="Lomevactone">Lomevactone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LR-5182" title="LR-5182">LR-5182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazindol" title="Mazindol">Mazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenoxate" title="Meclofenoxate">Meclofenoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medifoxamine" title="Medifoxamine">Medifoxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefexamide" title="Mefexamide">Mefexamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamnetamine" title="Methamnetamine">Methamnetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methastyridone" title="Methastyridone">Methastyridone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methiopropamine" title="Methiopropamine">Methiopropamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphthylaminopropane" title="Naphthylaminopropane">Naphthylaminopropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikethamide" title="Nikethamide">Nikethamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomifensine" title="Nomifensine">Nomifensine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-2172" title="O-2172">O-2172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxaprotiline" title="Oxaprotiline">Oxaprotiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNU-99,194" title="PNU-99,194">PNU-99,194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRC200" class="mw-redirect" title="PRC200">PRC200-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasagiline" title="Rasagiline">Rasagiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauwolscine" title="Rauwolscine">Rauwolscine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_chloride" title="Rubidium chloride">Rubidium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setazindol" title="Setazindol">Setazindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tametraline" title="Tametraline">Tametraline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandamine" title="Tandamine">Tandamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiopropamine" title="Thiopropamine">Thiopropamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiothinone" title="Thiothinone">Thiothinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trazium" title="Trazium">Trazium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UH-232" title="UH-232">UH-232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohimbine" title="Yohimbine">Yohimbine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-style:italic"><div><a href="/wiki/ATC_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ATC code">ATC code</a>: <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N06#N06B" title="ATC code N06">N06B</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ADHD_pharmacotherapies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ADHD_pharmacotherapies" title="Template:ADHD pharmacotherapies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ADHD_pharmacotherapies" title="Template talk:ADHD pharmacotherapies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ADHD_pharmacotherapies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ADHD pharmacotherapies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ADHD_pharmacotherapies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_management#Medications" class="mw-redirect" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management"><abbr title="Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder">ADHD</abbr> pharmacotherapies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system"><abbr title="central nervous system">CNS</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip central nervous system</span> <a href="/wiki/Stimulants" class="mw-redirect" title="Stimulants">stimulants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mixed_amphetamine_salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed amphetamine salts">Mixed amphetamine salts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levoamphetamine" title="Levoamphetamine">Levoamphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dextroamphetamine" title="Dextroamphetamine">Dextroamphetamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine" title="Lisdexamfetamine">Lisdexamfetamine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylphenidate" title="Methylphenidate">Methylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexmethylphenidate" title="Dexmethylphenidate">Dexmethylphenidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serdexmethylphenidate" title="Serdexmethylphenidate">Serdexmethylphenidate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate" title="Serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate">+dexmethylphenidate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Non-classical<br /><abbr title="central nervous system">CNS</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Stimulants" class="mw-redirect" title="Stimulants">stimulants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armodafinil" title="Armodafinil">Armodafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomoxetine" title="Atomoxetine">Atomoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modafinil" title="Modafinil">Modafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viloxazine" title="Viloxazine">Viloxazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Alpha-adrenergic_agonist" title="Alpha-adrenergic agonist">α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alpha-adrenergic_agonist" title="Alpha-adrenergic agonist">agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanfacine" title="Guanfacine">Guanfacine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Antidepressants" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidepressants">Antidepressants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">Amitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buspirone" title="Buspirone">Buspirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">Desipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duloxetine" title="Duloxetine">Duloxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">Imipramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnacipran" title="Milnacipran">Milnacipran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moclobemide" title="Moclobemide">Moclobemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">Nortriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reboxetine" title="Reboxetine">Reboxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venlafaxine" title="Venlafaxine">Venlafaxine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Miscellaneous/others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amantadine" title="Amantadine">Amantadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a> (ADHD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypokalemic_sensory_overstimulation" title="Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation">Hypokalemic sensory overstimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_releasing_agent" title="Monoamine releasing agent">Monoamine releasing agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a> (DA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_transporter" title="Dopamine transporter">Dopamine transporter</a> (DAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Dopamine reuptake inhibitor">Dopamine reuptake inhibitor</a> (DRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a> (NE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_transporter" title="Norepinephrine transporter">Norepinephrine transporter</a> (NET)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor">Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor</a> (NRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">Serotonin</a> (5-HT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_transporter" title="Serotonin transporter">Serotonin transporter</a> (SERT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor">Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> (SSRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin-norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor">Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor</a> (SNRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine-dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor">Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor</a> (NDRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor">Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor</a> (SNDRI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoamine_releasing_agents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_releasing_agents" title="Template:Monoamine releasing agents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoamine_releasing_agents" title="Template talk:Monoamine releasing agents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoamine_releasing_agents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoamine releasing agents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoamine_releasing_agents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoamine_releasing_agent" title="Monoamine releasing agent">Monoamine releasing agents</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_releasing_agents" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopamine releasing agents"><abbr title="Dopamine releasing agents">DRAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Dopamine releasing agents</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Morpholines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fenbutrazate" title="Fenbutrazate">Fenbutrazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenmetramide" title="Fenmetramide">Fenmetramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morazone" title="Morazone">Morazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morforex" title="Morforex">Morforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phendimetrazine" title="Phendimetrazine">Phendimetrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenmetrazine" title="Phenmetrazine">Phenmetrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudophenmetrazine" title="Pseudophenmetrazine">Pseudophenmetrazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Oxazolines:</i> <a href="/wiki/4-Methylaminorex" title="4-Methylaminorex">4-MAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminorex" title="Aminorex">Aminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clominorex" title="Clominorex">Clominorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclazodone" title="Cyclazodone">Cyclazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenozolone" title="Fenozolone">Fenozolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluminorex" title="Fluminorex">Fluminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemoline" title="Pemoline">Pemoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thozalinone" title="Thozalinone">Thozalinone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Phenethylamines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Phenylethanolamine" title="Phenylethanolamine">2-OH-PEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine" title="4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine">4-CAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoroamphetamine" title="4-Fluoroamphetamine">4-FA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoromethamphetamine" title="4-Fluoromethamphetamine">4-FMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylamphetamine" title="4-Methylamphetamine">4-MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylmethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methylmethamphetamine">4-MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfetamine" title="Alfetamine">Alfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfecloral" title="Amfecloral">Amfecloral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepentorex" title="Amfepentorex">Amfepentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepramone" title="Amfepramone">Amfepramone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dextroamphetamine" title="Dextroamphetamine">Dextroamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levoamphetamine" title="Levoamphetamine">Levoamphetamine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetaminil" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetaminil">Amphetaminil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Methylphenethylamine" title="Β-Methylphenethylamine">β-Me-PEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxolylbutanamine" title="1,3-Benzodioxolylbutanamine">BDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOH_(drug)" title="BOH (drug)">BOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzphetamine" title="Benzphetamine">Benzphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buphedrone" title="Buphedrone">Buphedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butylone" title="Butylone">Butylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathine" title="Cathine">Cathine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathinone" title="Cathinone">Cathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenzorex" title="Clobenzorex">Clobenzorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clortermine" title="Clortermine">Clortermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Deprenyl" title="D-Deprenyl">D-Deprenyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoxyamphetamine" title="Dimethoxyamphetamine">DMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoxymethamphetamine" title="Dimethoxymethamphetamine">DMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylamphetamine" title="Dimethylamphetamine">Dimethylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethcathinone" title="Ethcathinone">Ethcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine" title="1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine">EBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylone" title="Ethylone">Ethylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilamfetamine" title="Etilamfetamine">Etilamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fenethylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenproporex" title="Fenproporex">Fenproporex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flephedrone" title="Flephedrone">Flephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludorex" title="Fludorex">Fludorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furfenorex" title="Furfenorex">Furfenorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordenine" title="Hordenine">Hordenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyamphetamine" title="4-Hydroxyamphetamine">4-Hydroxyamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iofetamine_(123I)" title="Iofetamine (123I)">Iofetamine (123I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine" title="Lisdexamfetamine">Lisdexamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophophine" title="Lophophine">Lophophine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenorex" title="Mefenorex">Mefenorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephedrone" title="Mephedrone">Mephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamfepramone" title="Metamfepramone">Metamfepramone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dextromethamphetamine">Dextromethamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Levomethamphetamine">Levomethamphetamine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methcathinone" title="Methcathinone">Methcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methedrone" title="Methedrone">Methedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDA_(drug)" title="MMDA (drug)">MMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDMA" title="MMDMA">MMDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-methylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-methylbutanamine">MBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">MDA (tenamfetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine">MDEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA (midomafetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine">MDMPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine">MDOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyphenethylamine">MDPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylone" title="Methylone">Methylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morforex" title="Morforex">Morforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortetamine" title="Ortetamine">Ortetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Bromoamphetamine" title="Para-Bromoamphetamine"><i>p</i>BA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Chloroamphetamine" title="Para-Chloroamphetamine"><i>p</i>CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Iodoamphetamine" title="Para-Iodoamphetamine"><i>p</i>IA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pholedrine" title="Pholedrine">Pholedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenethylamine" title="Phenethylamine">Phenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pholedrine" title="Pholedrine">Pholedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenpromethamine" title="Phenpromethamine">Phenpromethamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenylamine" title="Prenylamine">Prenylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylamphetamine" title="Propylamphetamine">Propylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine" title="Pseudoephedrine">Pseudoephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiflorex" title="Tiflorex">Tiflorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyramine" title="Tyramine">Tyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylopropamine" title="Xylopropamine">Xylopropamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylofuramine" title="Zylofuramine">Zylofuramine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Piperazines:</i> <a href="/wiki/2C-B-BZP" title="2C-B-BZP">2C-B-BZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylpiperazine" title="Benzylpiperazine">BZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylbenzylpiperazine" title="Methylbenzylpiperazine">MBZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine" title="Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine">MDBZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine" title="Para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine">MeOPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine" title="Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine">oMPP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene" title="2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene">2-ADN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminoindane" title="2-Aminoindane">2-AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminotetralin" title="2-Aminotetralin">2-AT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Benzylpiperidine" title="4-Benzylpiperidine">4-BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-APDI" title="5-APDI">5-APDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-IAI" title="5-IAI">5-IAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amineptine" title="Amineptine">Amineptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofenciclan" title="Clofenciclan">Clofenciclan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentamine" title="Cyclopentamine">Cyclopentamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypenamine" title="Cypenamine">Cypenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodenate" title="Cyprodenate">Cyprodenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feprosidnine" title="Feprosidnine">Feprosidnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilutensin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilutensin">Gilutensin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptaminol" title="Heptaminol">Heptaminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexacyclonate" title="Hexacyclonate">Hexacyclonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indanorex" title="Indanorex">Indanorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isometheptene" title="Isometheptene">Isometheptene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylhexanamine" title="Methylhexanamine">Methylhexanamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphthylaminopropane" title="Naphthylaminopropane">Naphthylaminopropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octodrine" title="Octodrine">Octodrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthalimidopropiophenone" title="Phthalimidopropiophenone">Phthalimidopropiophenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylbiguanide" title="Phenylbiguanide">Phenylbiguanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylhexedrine" title="Propylhexedrine">Propylhexedrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_releasing_agents" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinephrine releasing agents"><abbr title="Norepinephrine releasing agents">NRAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Norepinephrine releasing agents</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Morpholines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fenbutrazate" title="Fenbutrazate">Fenbutrazate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenmetramide" title="Fenmetramide">Fenmetramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morazone" title="Morazone">Morazone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morforex" title="Morforex">Morforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phendimetrazine" title="Phendimetrazine">Phendimetrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenmetrazine" title="Phenmetrazine">Phenmetrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudophenmetrazine" title="Pseudophenmetrazine">Pseudophenmetrazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Oxazolines:</i> <a href="/wiki/4-Methylaminorex" title="4-Methylaminorex">4-MAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminorex" title="Aminorex">Aminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clominorex" title="Clominorex">Clominorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclazodone" title="Cyclazodone">Cyclazodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenozolone" title="Fenozolone">Fenozolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluminorex" title="Fluminorex">Fluminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemoline" title="Pemoline">Pemoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thozalinone" title="Thozalinone">Thozalinone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Phenethylamines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Phenylethanolamine" title="Phenylethanolamine">2-OH-PEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine" title="4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine">4-CAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoroamphetamine" title="4-Fluoroamphetamine">4-FA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoromethamphetamine" title="4-Fluoromethamphetamine">4-FMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylamphetamine" title="4-Methylamphetamine">4-MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylmethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methylmethamphetamine">4-MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfetamine" title="Alfetamine">Alfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfecloral" title="Amfecloral">Amfecloral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepentorex" title="Amfepentorex">Amfepentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepramone" title="Amfepramone">Amfepramone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dextroamphetamine" title="Dextroamphetamine">Dextroamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levoamphetamine" title="Levoamphetamine">Levoamphetamine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphetaminil" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetaminil">Amphetaminil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Methylphenethylamine" title="Β-Methylphenethylamine">β-Me-PEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxolylbutanamine" title="1,3-Benzodioxolylbutanamine">BDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzphetamine" title="Benzphetamine">Benzphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOH_(drug)" title="BOH (drug)">BOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buphedrone" title="Buphedrone">Buphedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butylone" title="Butylone">Butylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathine" title="Cathine">Cathine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathinone" title="Cathinone">Cathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clobenzorex" title="Clobenzorex">Clobenzorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clortermine" title="Clortermine">Clortermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylamphetamine" title="Dimethylamphetamine">Dimethylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoxyamphetamine" title="Dimethoxyamphetamine">DMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoxymethamphetamine" title="Dimethoxymethamphetamine">DMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine" title="1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine">EBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">Ephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethcathinone" title="Ethcathinone">Ethcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylone" title="Ethylone">Ethylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etilamfetamine" title="Etilamfetamine">Etilamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famprofazone" title="Famprofazone">Famprofazone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fenethylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenproporex" title="Fenproporex">Fenproporex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flephedrone" title="Flephedrone">Flephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fludorex" title="Fludorex">Fludorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furfenorex" title="Furfenorex">Furfenorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordenine" title="Hordenine">Hordenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyamphetamine" title="4-Hydroxyamphetamine">4-Hydroxyamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-APDI" title="5-APDI">5-APDI</a> (IAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iofetamine_(123I)" title="Iofetamine (123I)">Iofetamine (123I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine" title="Lisdexamfetamine">Lisdexamfetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophophine" title="Lophophine">Lophophine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-methylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-methylbutanamine">MBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">MDA (tenamfetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine">MDEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA (midomafetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamfepramone" title="Metamfepramone">Metamfepramone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine">MDMPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine">MDOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyphenethylamine">MDPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenorex" title="Mefenorex">Mefenorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephedrone" title="Mephedrone">Mephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephentermine" title="Mephentermine">Mephentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dextromethamphetamine">Dextromethamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levomethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Levomethamphetamine">Levomethamphetamine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methcathinone" title="Methcathinone">Methcathinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methedrone" title="Methedrone">Methedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylone" title="Methylone">Methylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morforex" title="Morforex">Morforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphthylaminopropane" title="Naphthylaminopropane">Naphthylaminopropane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortetamine" title="Ortetamine">Ortetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Bromoamphetamine" title="Para-Bromoamphetamine"><i>p</i>BA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Chloroamphetamine" title="Para-Chloroamphetamine"><i>p</i>CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentorex" title="Pentorex">Pentorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenethylamine" title="Phenethylamine">Phenethylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pholedrine" title="Pholedrine">Pholedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenpromethamine" title="Phenpromethamine">Phenpromethamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phentermine" title="Phentermine">Phentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpropanolamine" title="Phenylpropanolamine">Phenylpropanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Iodoamphetamine" title="Para-Iodoamphetamine"><i>p</i>IA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenylamine" title="Prenylamine">Prenylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylamphetamine" title="Propylamphetamine">Propylamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoephedrine" title="Pseudoephedrine">Pseudoephedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selegiline" title="Selegiline">Selegiline</a> (also <a href="/wiki/D-Deprenyl" title="D-Deprenyl"><span style="font-size:85%;">D</span>-Deprenyl</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiflorex" title="Tiflorex">Tiflorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyramine" title="Tyramine">Tyramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xylopropamine" title="Xylopropamine">Xylopropamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylofuramine" title="Zylofuramine">Zylofuramine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Piperazines:</i> <a href="/wiki/2C-B-BZP" title="2C-B-BZP">2C-B-BZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylpiperazine" title="Benzylpiperazine">BZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylbenzylpiperazine" title="Methylbenzylpiperazine">MBZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine" title="Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine">mCPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine" title="Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine">MDBZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine" title="Para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine">MeOPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine" title="Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine">oMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Fluorophenylpiperazine" title="Para-Fluorophenylpiperazine">pFPP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene" title="2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene">2-ADN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminoindane" title="2-Aminoindane">2-AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminotetralin" title="2-Aminotetralin">2-AT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Benzylpiperidine" title="2-Benzylpiperidine">2-BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Benzylpiperidine" title="4-Benzylpiperidine">4-BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-IAI" title="5-IAI">5-IAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clofenciclan" title="Clofenciclan">Clofenciclan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentamine" title="Cyclopentamine">Cyclopentamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypenamine" title="Cypenamine">Cypenamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodenate" title="Cyprodenate">Cyprodenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feprosidnine" title="Feprosidnine">Feprosidnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilutensin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilutensin">Gilutensin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heptaminol" title="Heptaminol">Heptaminol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexacyclonate" title="Hexacyclonate">Hexacyclonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indanorex" title="Indanorex">Indanorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isometheptene" title="Isometheptene">Isometheptene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylhexanamine" title="Methylhexanamine">Methylhexanamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octodrine" title="Octodrine">Octodrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthalimidopropiophenone" title="Phthalimidopropiophenone">Phthalimidopropiophenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylhexedrine" title="Propylhexedrine">Propylhexedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuaminoheptane" title="Tuaminoheptane">Tuaminoheptane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_releasing_agents" class="mw-redirect" title="Serotonin releasing agents"><abbr title="Serotonin releasing agents">SRAs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serotonin releasing agents</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aminoindanes:</i> <a href="/wiki/5-IAI" title="5-IAI">5-IAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-Aminomethyl-5-methoxyindane" title="1-Aminomethyl-5-methoxyindane">AMMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyltrifluoromethylaminoindane" title="Ethyltrifluoromethylaminoindane">ETAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDAI" title="MDAI">MDAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMAI" title="MDMAI">MDMAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMAI" title="MMAI">MMAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoromethylaminoindane" title="Trifluoromethylaminoindane">TAI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aminotetralins:</i> <a href="/wiki/6-CAT" title="6-CAT">6-CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-OH-DPAT" title="8-OH-DPAT">8-OH-DPAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDAT" title="MDAT">MDAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMAT" title="MDMAT">MDMAT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Oxazolines:</i> <a href="/wiki/4-Methylaminorex" title="4-Methylaminorex">4-Methylaminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminorex" title="Aminorex">Aminorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clominorex" title="Clominorex">Clominorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluminorex" title="Fluminorex">Fluminorex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Phenethylamines:</i> <a href="/wiki/2-Methyl-MDA" title="2-Methyl-MDA">2-Methyl-MDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine" title="4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine">4-CAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoroamphetamine" title="4-Fluoroamphetamine">4-FA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoromethamphetamine" title="4-Fluoromethamphetamine">4-FMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyamphetamine" title="4-Hydroxyamphetamine">4-HA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methylthioamphetamine" title="4-Methylthioamphetamine">4-MTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-APDB" title="5-APDB">5-APDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Methyl-MDA" title="5-Methyl-MDA">5-Methyl-MDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-APDB" title="6-APDB">6-APDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-Methyl-MDA" title="6-Methyl-MDA">6-Methyl-MDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxy-4-methyl-%CE%B1-ethylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="3-Methoxy-4-methyl-α-ethylphenethylamine">AEMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiflamine" title="Amiflamine">Amiflamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodioxolylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benzodioxolylbutanamine">BDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOH_(drug)" title="BOH (drug)">BOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Bromomethcathinone" title="4-Bromomethcathinone">Brephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butylone" title="Butylone">Butylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphentermine" title="Chlorphentermine">Chlorphentermine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloforex" title="Cloforex">Cloforex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfepramone" title="Amfepramone">Amfepramone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamfepramone" title="Metamfepramone">Metamfepramone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Dichloroamphetamine" title="3,4-Dichloroamphetamine">DCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexfenfluramine" title="Dexfenfluramine">Dexfenfluramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFMDA" title="DFMDA">DFMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoxyamphetamine" title="Dimethoxyamphetamine">DMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethoxymethamphetamine" title="Dimethoxymethamphetamine">DMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine">EBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDMA" title="EDMA">EDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylone" title="Ethylone">Ethylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etolorex" title="Etolorex">Etolorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenfluramine" title="Fenfluramine">Fenfluramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flephedrone" title="Flephedrone">Flephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flucetorex" title="Flucetorex">Flucetorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indanylaminopropane" class="mw-redirect" title="Indanylaminopropane">IAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iofetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iofetamine">Iofetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levofenfluramine" title="Levofenfluramine">Levofenfluramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lophophine" title="Lophophine">Lophophine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine">MBDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine" title="3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine">MDA (tenamfetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine">MDEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyhydroxymethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyhydroxymethamphetamine">MDHMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDMA" title="MDMA">MDMA (midomafetamine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine">MDMPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine">MDOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxyphenethylamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylenedioxyphenethylamine">MDPEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephedrone" title="Mephedrone">Mephedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methedrone" title="Methedrone">Methedrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylone" title="Methylone">Methylone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine" title="3-Methoxy-4-methylamphetamine">MMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDA_(drug)" title="MMDA (drug)">MMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMDMA" title="MMDMA">MMDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methoxy-4-methylmethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="3-Methoxy-4-methylmethamphetamine">MMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphthylaminopropane" title="Naphthylaminopropane">NAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfenfluramine" title="Norfenfluramine">Norfenfluramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Trifluoromethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Trifluoromethylamphetamine">4-TFMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Bromoamphetamine" title="Para-Bromoamphetamine">pBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Chloroamphetamine" title="Para-Chloroamphetamine">pCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Iodoamphetamine" title="Para-Iodoamphetamine">pIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyamphetamine" title="Para-Methoxyamphetamine">PMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyethylamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Para-Methoxyethylamphetamine">PMEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxymethamphetamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Para-Methoxymethamphetamine">PMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetralinylaminopropane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetralinylaminopropane">TAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Piperazines:</i> <a href="/wiki/2C-B-BZP" title="2C-B-BZP">2C-B-BZP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Methoxyphenylpiperazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Methoxyphenylpiperazine (page does not exist)">3-MeOPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzylpiperazine" title="Benzylpiperazine">BZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Dichlorophenylpiperazine" class="mw-redirect" title="3,4-Dichlorophenylpiperazine">DCPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylbenzylpiperazine" title="Methylbenzylpiperazine">MBZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine" title="Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine">mCPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine" title="Methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine">MDBZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine" title="Para-Methoxyphenylpiperazine">MeOPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepiprazole" title="Mepiprazole">Mepiprazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine" title="Ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine">oMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Chlorophenylpiperazine" title="Para-Chlorophenylpiperazine">pCPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-Fluorophenylpiperazine" title="Para-Fluorophenylpiperazine">pFPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazine" class="mw-redirect" title="1-(4-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazine">pTFMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine" title="Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine">TFMPP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Tryptamines:</i> <a href="/wiki/4-Methyl-AET" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methyl-AET">4-Methyl-αET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methyl-AMT" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Methyl-AMT">4-Methyl-αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Carboxamidotryptamine" title="5-Carboxamidotryptamine">5-CT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-AET" title="5-MeO-AET">5-MeO-αET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-MeO-AMT" class="mw-redirect" title="5-MeO-AMT">5-MeO-αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Methoxytryptamine" title="5-Methoxytryptamine">5-MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Ethyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Ethyltryptamine">αET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Methyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Methyltryptamine">αMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyltryptamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimethyltryptamine">DMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptamine" title="Tryptamine">Tryptamine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Indeloxazine" title="Indeloxazine">Indeloxazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viqualine" title="Viqualine">Viqualine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>DAT modulators:</i> <i>Agonist-like:</i> <a href="/wiki/SoRI-9804" title="SoRI-9804">SoRI-9804</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SoRI-20040&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SoRI-20040 (page does not exist)">SoRI-20040</a>; <i>Antagonist-like:</i> <a href="/wiki/SoRI-20041" title="SoRI-20041">SoRI-20041</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Adrenergic release blockers:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bethanidine" title="Bethanidine">Bethanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretylium" title="Bretylium">Bretylium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanadrel" title="Guanadrel">Guanadrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanazodine" title="Guanazodine">Guanazodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanethidine" title="Guanethidine">Guanethidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanoxan" title="Guanoxan">Guanoxan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitors" title="Template:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors">Monoamine reuptake inhibitors</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Adrenergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Adrenergics">Adrenergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Dopaminergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Dopaminergics">Dopaminergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Serotonergics" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Serotonergics">Serotonergics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_metabolism_modulators" title="Template:Monoamine metabolism modulators">Monoamine metabolism modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Monoamine_neurotoxins" title="Template:Monoamine neurotoxins">Monoamine neurotoxins</a></i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Purine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Purine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Purine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Purine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Purine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Purine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Purine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Purine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Purine_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Purine receptor">Purine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/P0_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="P0 receptor">P0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">adenine</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=8-Aminoadenine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-Aminoadenine (page does not exist)">8-Aminoadenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">Adenine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_receptor" title="Adenosine receptor">P1</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">adenosine</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine (page does not exist)">2-(1-Hexynyl)-<i>N</i>-methyladenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Cl-IB-MECA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Cl-IB-MECA (page does not exist)">2-Cl-IB-MECA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Chloroadenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Chloroadenosine (page does not exist)">2-Chloroadenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2%27-MeCCPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2'-MeCCPA (page does not exist)">2'-MeCCPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4%27-O-%CE%B2-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6%27-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6'-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil (page does not exist)">4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6''-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%27-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (page does not exist)">5'-<i>N</i>-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate" title="Adenosine diphosphate">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate" title="Adenosine monophosphate">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apadenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apadenoson (page does not exist)">Apadenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATL-146e" class="mw-redirect" title="ATL-146e">ATL-146e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAY_60%E2%80%936583" title="BAY 60–6583">BAY 60–6583</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binodenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binodenoson (page does not exist)">Binodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capadenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capadenoson (page does not exist)">Capadenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCPA_(biochemistry)" title="CCPA (biochemistry)">CCPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-21680" title="CGS-21680">CGS-21680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP-532,903" title="CP-532,903">CP-532,903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CV-1808&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CV-1808 (page does not exist)">CV-1808</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evodenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evodenoson (page does not exist)">Evodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GR_79236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GR 79236 (page does not exist)">GR 79236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HENECA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HENECA (page does not exist)">HENECA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LUF-5835&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LUF-5835 (page does not exist)">LUF-5835</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LUF-5845&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LUF-5845 (page does not exist)">LUF-5845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N6-Cyclopentyladenosine" title="N6-Cyclopentyladenosine"><i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-Cyclopentyladenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namodenoson" title="Namodenoson">Namodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NECA_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NECA (drug) (page does not exist)">NECA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neladenoson_dalanate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neladenoson dalanate (page does not exist)">Neladenoson dalanate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piclidenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piclidenoson (page does not exist)">Piclidenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regadenoson" title="Regadenoson">Regadenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDZ_WAG_994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDZ WAG 994 (page does not exist)">SDZ WAG 994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selodenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selodenoson (page does not exist)">Selodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonedenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonedenoson (page does not exist)">Sonedenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tecadenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tecadenoson (page does not exist)">Tecadenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trabodenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trabodenoson (page does not exist)">Trabodenoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK-432,097" title="UK-432,097">UK-432,097</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/wiki/3-Chlorostyrylcaffeine" title="3-Chlorostyrylcaffeine">3-Chlorostyrylcaffeine (CSC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Methylxanthine" title="7-Methylxanthine">7-Methylxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Chlorotheophylline" title="8-Chlorotheophylline">8-Chlorotheophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (page does not exist)">8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Phenyltheophylline" title="8-Phenyltheophylline">8-Phenyltheophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acefylline" title="Acefylline">Acefylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminophylline" title="Aminophylline">Aminophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATL-444" title="ATL-444">ATL-444</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-4635&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-4635 (page does not exist)">AZD-4635</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamifylline" title="Bamifylline">Bamifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafedrine" title="Cafedrine">Cafedrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine_citrate" title="Caffeine citrate">Caffeine citrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartazolate" title="Cartazolate">Cartazolate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGH-2466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGH-2466 (page does not exist)">CGH-2466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGS-15943" title="CGS-15943">CGS-15943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline_theophyllinate" title="Choline theophyllinate">Choline theophyllinate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciforadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciforadenant (page does not exist)">Ciforadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine" title="8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine">CPX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CVT-6883&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CVT-6883 (page does not exist)">CVT-6883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethazan" title="Dimethazan">Dimethazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMPX" title="DMPX">DMPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine" class="mw-redirect" title="8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine">DPCPX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyphylline" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyphylline">Dyphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enprofylline" title="Enprofylline">Enprofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etazolate" title="Etazolate">Etazolate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrumadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etrumadenant (page does not exist)">Etrumadenant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fenethylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBMX" title="IBMX">IBMX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imaradenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imaradenant (page does not exist)">Imaradenant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inupadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inupadenant (page does not exist)">Inupadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISAM-140" title="ISAM-140">ISAM-140</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISAM-R316&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISAM-R316 (page does not exist)">ISAM-R316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isovaleric_acid" title="Isovaleric acid">Isovaleric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istradefylline" title="Istradefylline">Istradefylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KF-26777" title="KF-26777">KF-26777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_AA41063" title="Lu AA41063">Lu AA41063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_AA47070" title="Lu AA47070">Lu AA47070</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRE3008F20" class="mw-redirect" title="MRE3008F20">MRE3008F20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRS-1191" class="mw-redirect" title="MRS-1191">MRS-1191</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1220 (page does not exist)">MRS-1220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1334&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1334 (page does not exist)">MRS-1334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRS-1523" class="mw-redirect" title="MRS-1523">MRS-1523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRS-1706" title="MRS-1706">MRS-1706</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1754&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1754 (page does not exist)">MRS-1754</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-3777&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-3777 (page does not exist)">MRS-3777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-2" title="MSX-2">MSX-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-3" title="MSX-3">MSX-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-4" title="MSX-4">MSX-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muvadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muvadenant (page does not exist)">Muvadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraxanthine" title="Paraxanthine">Paraxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentoxifylline" title="Pentoxifylline">Pentoxifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preladenant" title="Preladenant">Preladenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propentofylline" title="Propentofylline">Propentofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxyphylline" title="Proxyphylline">Proxyphylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSB-10" title="PSB-10">PSB-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-11 (page does not exist)">PSB-11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-36 (page does not exist)">PSB-36</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-603&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-603 (page does not exist)">PSB-603</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-788&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-788 (page does not exist)">PSB-788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-1115&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-1115 (page does not exist)">PSB-1115</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-1901&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-1901 (page does not exist)">PSB-1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversine" title="Reversine">Reversine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolofylline" title="Rolofylline">Rolofylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-442,416" title="SCH-442,416">SCH-442,416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCH-58261" title="SCH-58261">SCH-58261</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipagladenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipagladenant (page does not exist)">Sipagladenant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taminadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taminadenant (page does not exist)">Taminadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theacrine" title="Theacrine">Theacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobromine" title="Theobromine">Theobromine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodrenaline" title="Theodrenaline">Theodrenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylline" title="Theophylline">Theophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tozadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tozadenant (page does not exist)">Tozadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracazolate" title="Tracazolate">Tracazolate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vipadenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipadenant (page does not exist)">Vipadenant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VUF-5574&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VUF-5574 (page does not exist)">VUF-5574</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZM-241,385" title="ZM-241,385">ZM-241,385</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/P2_receptor" title="P2 receptor">P2</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Nucleotide" title="Nucleotide">nucleotide</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/P2X_purinoreceptor" title="P2X purinoreceptor">P2X</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate"><abbr title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Adenosine triphosphate</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Methylthio-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Methylthio-ATP (page does not exist)">2-Me-SATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91,%CE%B2-Methylene-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α,β-Methylene-ATP (page does not exist)">α,β-Me-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate" title="Adenosine diphosphate">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate" title="Adenosine monophosphate">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadenosine_tetraphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diadenosine tetraphosphate">Ap4A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadenosine_pentaphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadenosine pentaphosphate (page does not exist)">Ap5A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosine-5%27-(%CE%B3-thio)-triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (page does not exist)">ATPγS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BzATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BzATP (page does not exist)">BzATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cibacron_blue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cibacron blue (page does not exist)">Cibacron blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_triphosphate" title="Cytidine triphosphate">CTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D-%CE%B2,%CE%B3-Me-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-β,γ-Me-ATP (page does not exist)">D-β,γ-Me-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine_triphosphate" title="Guanosine triphosphate">GTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HT-AMP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HT-AMP (page does not exist)">HT-AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-%CE%B2,%CE%B3-Me-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-β,γ-Me-ATP (page does not exist)">L-β,γ-Me-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2219&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2219 (page does not exist)">MRS-2219</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PAPET-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAPET-ATP (page does not exist)">PAPET-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_triphosphate" title="Uridine triphosphate">UTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=5-BDBD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-BDBD (page does not exist)">5-BDBD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-317491&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-317491 (page does not exist)">A-317491</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-438079&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-438079 (page does not exist)">A-438079</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-740003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-740003 (page does not exist)">A-740003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-804598&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-804598 (page does not exist)">A-804598</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-839977&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-839977 (page does not exist)">A-839977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AF-353" title="AF-353">AF-353</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZ-10606120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZ-10606120 (page does not exist)">AZ-10606120</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZ-11645373&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZ-11645373 (page does not exist)">AZ-11645373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Blue_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Brilliant Blue G">BBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calmidazolium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calmidazolium (page does not exist)">Calmidazolium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelerythrine" title="Chelerythrine">Chelerythrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emodin" title="Emodin">Emodin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Rheum_officinale" title="Rheum officinale">Rheum officinale</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_blue_(dye)" title="Evans blue (dye)">Evans blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefapixant" title="Gefapixant">Gefapixant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-791343&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-791343 (page does not exist)">GW-791343</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)amiloride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)amiloride (page does not exist)">HMA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diinosine_pentaphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diinosine pentaphosphate (page does not exist)">Ip5I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IsoPPADS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IsoPPADS (page does not exist)">isoPPADS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JNJ-47965567&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JNJ-47965567 (page does not exist)">JNJ-47965567</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KN-04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KN-04 (page does not exist)">KN-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KN-62" title="KN-62">KN-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2159&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2159 (page does not exist)">MRS-2159</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-023 (page does not exist)">NF-023</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-110 (page does not exist)">NF-110</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-157 (page does not exist)">NF-157</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-279&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-279 (page does not exist)">NF-279</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-449&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-449 (page does not exist)">NF-449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opiranserin" title="Opiranserin">Opiranserin (VVZ-149)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidized-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidized-ATP (page does not exist)">Oxidized-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenol_Red" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenol Red">Phenol Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolphthalein" title="Phenolphthalein">Phenolphthalein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPADS" title="PPADS">PPADS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPNDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PPNDS (page does not exist)">PPNDS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-12062&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-12062 (page does not exist)">PSB-12062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerarin" title="Puerarin">Puerarin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Radix_puerariae" class="mw-redirect" title="Radix puerariae">Radix puerariae</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purotoxin_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purotoxin 1 (page does not exist)">Purotoxin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactive_Blue_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactive Blue 2 (page does not exist)">RB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_0437626&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 0437626 (page does not exist)">Ro 0437626</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro 51 (page does not exist)">Ro 51</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RO-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RO-3 (page does not exist)">RO-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_ferulate" title="Sodium ferulate">Sodium ferulate</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_sinensis" title="Angelica sinensis">Angelica sinensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ligusticum_wallichii" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligusticum wallichii">Ligusticum wallichii</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">Suramin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-P_262&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-P 262 (page does not exist)">TC-P 262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramethylpyrazine" title="Tetramethylpyrazine">Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine)</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ligusticum_wallichii" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligusticum wallichii">Ligusticum wallichii</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNP-ATP" title="TNP-ATP">TNP-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/P2Y_receptor" title="P2Y receptor">P2Y</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Methylthioladenosine_diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Methylthioladenosine diphosphate (page does not exist)">2-Me-SADP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Methylthioadenosine_triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Methylthioadenosine triphosphate (page does not exist)">2-Me-SATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Thio-UTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Thio-UTP (page does not exist)">2-Thio-UTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Bromouridine_5%E2%80%B2-diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Bromouridine 5′-diphosphate (page does not exist)">5-Br-UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-OMe-UDP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-OMe-UDP (page does not exist)">5-OMe-UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91,%CE%B2-Methylene-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α,β-Methylene-ATP (page does not exist)">α,β-Me-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate" title="Adenosine diphosphate">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosine-5%27-(%CE%B2-thio)-diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosine-5'-(β-thio)-diphosphate (page does not exist)">ADPβS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diadenosine_triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diadenosine triphosphate (page does not exist)">Ap3A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_67085MX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 67085MX (page does not exist)">AR-C 67085MX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosine-5%27-(%CE%B3-thio)-triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (page does not exist)">ATPγS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_triphosphate" title="Cytidine triphosphate">CTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoxyadenosine_triphosphate" title="Deoxyadenosine triphosphate">dATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denufosol" title="Denufosol">Denufosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diquafosol" title="Diquafosol">Diquafosol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inosine_diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inosine diphosphate (page does not exist)">IDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine_triphosphate" title="Inosine triphosphate">ITP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INS-365" class="mw-redirect" title="INS-365">INS-365</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=INS-37217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INS-37217 (page does not exist)">INS-37217</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2365&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2365 (page does not exist)">MRS-2365</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2690&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2690 (page does not exist)">MRS-2690</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2693&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2693 (page does not exist)">MRS-2693</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2768&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2768 (page does not exist)">MRS-2768</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2957 (page does not exist)">MRS-2957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-4062&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-4062 (page does not exist)">MRS-4062</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-546&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-546 (page does not exist)">NF-546</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PAPET-ATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAPET-ATP (page does not exist)">PAPET-ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-0474&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-0474 (page does not exist)">PSB-0474</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-1114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-1114 (page does not exist)">PSB-1114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate" title="Uridine diphosphate">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uridine_5%C2%B4-(%CE%B2-thio)-diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uridine 5´-(β-thio)-diphosphate (page does not exist)">UDPβS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_galactose" title="Uridine diphosphate galactose">UDP-galactose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_glucose" title="Uridine diphosphate glucose">UDP-glucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate_N-acetylglucosamine" title="Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine">UDP-N-acetylglucosamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diuridine_triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diuridine triphosphate (page does not exist)">Up3U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_triphosphate" title="Uridine triphosphate">UTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uridine-5%27-(%CE%B3-thio)-triphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uridine-5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (page does not exist)">UTPγS</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Methylthioladenosine_monophosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Methylthioladenosine monophosphate (page does not exist)">2-Me-SAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A3P5PS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A3P5PS (page does not exist)">A3P5PS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AMP%CE%B1S&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AMPαS (page does not exist)">AMPαS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadenosine_tetraphosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diadenosine tetraphosphate">Ap4A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_66096&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 66096 (page does not exist)">AR-C 66096</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_67085MX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 67085MX (page does not exist)">AR-C 67085MX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_69931MX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 69931MX (page does not exist)">AR-C 69931MX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C_118925XX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C 118925XX (page does not exist)">AR-C 118925XX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BzATP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BzATP (page does not exist)">BzATP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C1330-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C1330-7 (page does not exist)">C1330-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangrelor" title="Cangrelor">Cangrelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopidogrel" title="Clopidogrel">Clopidogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinogrel" title="Elinogrel">Elinogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diinosine_pentaphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diinosine pentaphosphate (page does not exist)">Ip5I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2179&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2179 (page does not exist)">MRS-2179</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2211&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2211 (page does not exist)">MRS-2211</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2279&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2279 (page does not exist)">MRS-2279</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2395&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2395 (page does not exist)">MRS-2395</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2500 (page does not exist)">MRS-2500</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-2578&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-2578 (page does not exist)">MRS-2578</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-157 (page does not exist)">NF-157</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NF-340&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NF-340 (page does not exist)">NF-340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2,2%27-Pyridylisatogen_tosylate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,2'-Pyridylisatogen tosylate (page does not exist)">PIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPADS" title="PPADS">PPADS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasugrel" title="Prasugrel">Prasugrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-0739&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-0739 (page does not exist)">PSB-0739</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactive_Blue_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactive Blue 2 (page does not exist)">RB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regrelor" title="Regrelor">Regrelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suramin" title="Suramin">Suramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticagrelor" title="Ticagrelor">Ticagrelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticlopidine" title="Ticlopidine">Ticlopidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate" title="Uridine diphosphate">UDP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">Transporter</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Reuptake_inhibitor" title="Reuptake inhibitor">blockers</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Concentrative_nucleoside_transporters" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentrative nucleoside transporters"><abbr title="Concentrative nucleoside transporters">CNTs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Concentrative nucleoside transporters</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (page does not exist)">6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DMeThPmR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DMeThPmR (page does not exist)">dMeThPmR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KGO-2142&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGO-2142 (page does not exist)">KGO-2142</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KGO-2173&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KGO-2173 (page does not exist)">KGO-2173</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MeThPmR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MeThPmR (page does not exist)">MeThPmR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phloridzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Phloridzin">Phloridzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Equilibrative_nucleoside_transporters" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrative nucleoside transporters"><abbr title="Equilibrative nucleoside transporters">ENTs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Equilibrative nucleoside transporters</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilostazol" title="Cilostazol">Cilostazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilazep" title="Dilazep">Dilazep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyridamole" title="Dipyridamole">Dipyridamole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexobendine" title="Hexobendine">Hexobendine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6-S-((4-Nitrophenyl)methyl)-6-thioinosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6-S-((4-Nitrophenyl)methyl)-6-thioinosine (page does not exist)">NBMPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentoxifylline" title="Pentoxifylline">Pentoxifylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propentofylline" title="Propentofylline">Propentofylline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane_monoamine_transporter" title="Plasma membrane monoamine transporter"><abbr title="Plasma membrane monoamine transporter">PMAT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Plasma membrane monoamine transporter</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decynium-22" title="Decynium-22">Decynium-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Xanthine_oxidase" title="Xanthine oxidase"><abbr title="Xanthine oxidase">XO</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Xanthine oxidase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allopurinol" title="Allopurinol">Allopurinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amflutizole" title="Amflutizole">Amflutizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzbromarone" title="Benzbromarone">Benzbromarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeic_acid" title="Caffeic acid">Caffeic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamaldehyde" title="Cinnamaldehyde">Cinnamaldehyde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_osmophloeum" title="Cinnamomum osmophloeum">Cinnamomum osmophloeum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febuxostat" title="Febuxostat">Febuxostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myo-inositol" class="mw-redirect" title="Myo-inositol">Myo-inositol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">Kaempferol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myricetin" title="Myricetin">Myricetin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niraxostat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niraxostat (page does not exist)">Niraxostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxipurinol" title="Oxipurinol">Oxipurinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytic_acid" title="Phytic acid">Phytic acid</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pistacia_integerrima" title="Pistacia integerrima">Pistacia integerrima</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propolis" title="Propolis">Propolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">Quercetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisopurine" title="Tisopurine">Tisopurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiroxostat" title="Topiroxostat">Topiroxostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminopterin" title="Aminopterin">Aminopterin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">Azathioprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid" title="Mycophenolic acid">Mycophenolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemetrexed" title="Pemetrexed">Pemetrexed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pralatrexate" title="Pralatrexate">Pralatrexate</a></li> <li><i>Many others</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Precursors:</b> <a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">Adenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate" title="Adenosine monophosphate">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate" title="Adenosine diphosphate">ADP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytosine" title="Cytosine">Cytosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine" title="Cytidine">Cytidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_monophosphate" title="Cytidine monophosphate">CMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_diphosphate" title="Cytidine diphosphate">CDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytidine_triphosphate" title="Cytidine triphosphate">CTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanine" title="Guanine">Guanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine" title="Guanosine">Guanosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine_monophosphate" title="Guanosine monophosphate">GMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine_diphosphate" title="Guanosine diphosphate">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanosine_triphosphate" title="Guanosine triphosphate">GTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxanthine" title="Hypoxanthine">Hypoxanthine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine" title="Inosine">Inosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine_monophosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosine monophosphate">IMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inosine_diphosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inosine diphosphate (page does not exist)">IDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inosine_triphosphate" title="Inosine triphosphate">ITP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribose" title="Ribose">Ribose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uracil" title="Uracil">Uracil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine" title="Uridine">Uridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate" title="Uridine monophosphate">UMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_diphosphate" title="Uridine diphosphate">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uridine_triphosphate" title="Uridine triphosphate">UTP</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Others:</b> <a href="/wiki/Chrysophanol" title="Chrysophanol">Chrysophanol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhubarb" title="Rhubarb">rhubarb</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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