CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>记数系统 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"056dad90-12a5-47a9-acfa-aa407ce769bc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"记数系统","wgTitle":"记数系统","wgCurRevisionId":86369183,"wgRevisionId":86369183,"wgArticleId":48530,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["自2007年7月有未列明来源语句的条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","記數系統","數學表示法"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"记数系统","wgRelevantArticleId":48530,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q122653","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.ilhpp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="记数系统 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-记数系统 rootpage-记数系统 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-常用基数" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#常用基数"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>常用基数</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-常用基数-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关常用基数子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-常用基数-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-二" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>二</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-八" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#八"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>八</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-八-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-九" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#九"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>九</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-九-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-十" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#十"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>十</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-十-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-十二" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#十二"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>十二</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-十二-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-十六" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#十六"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>十六</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-十六-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-二十" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二十"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>二十</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二十-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-六十" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#六十"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>六十</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-六十-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-进位制详解" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#进位制详解"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>进位制详解</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-进位制详解-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-进制转换" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#进制转换"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>进制转换</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-进制转换-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-一般化变长整数" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一般化变长整数"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>一般化变长整数</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一般化变长整数-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">记数系统</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。82种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahlensystem" title="Zahlensystem – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zahlensystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%AF" title="نظام عد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام عد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say_sisteml%C9%99ri" title="Say sistemləri – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Say sistemləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Сістэма злічэння – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сістэма злічэння" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Сыстэма зьлічэньня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сыстэма зьлічэньня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Бройна система – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бройна система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="সংখ্যাপদ্ধতি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সংখ্যাপদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brojevni_sistem" title="Brojevni sistem – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brojevni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_numeraci%C3%B3" title="Sistema de numeració – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sistema de numeració" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%98%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="سیستمی ژماراڵ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیستمی ژماراڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADseln%C3%A1_soustava" title="Číselná soustava – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Číselná soustava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Шут тытăмĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шут тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talsystem" title="Talsystem – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Talsystem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahlensystem" title="Zahlensystem – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zahlensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_system" title="Numeral system – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Numeral system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombrosistemo" title="Nombrosistemo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nombrosistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_numeraci%C3%B3n" title="Sistema de numeración – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de numeración" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvus%C3%BCsteem" title="Arvusüsteem – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arvusüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenbaki-sistema" title="Zenbaki-sistema – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zenbaki-sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="دستگاه شمارش – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه شمارش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukuj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Lukujärjestelmä – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lukujärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_num%C3%A9ration" title="Système de numération – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système de numération" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_numeraci%C3%B3n" title="Sistema de numeración – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema de numeración" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="שיטת ספירה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיטת ספירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="संख्या पद्धतियाँ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संख्या पद्धतियाँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brojevni_sustav" title="Brojevni sustav – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brojevni sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8m_nimewotasyon" title="Sistèm nimewotasyon – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm nimewotasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1mrendszer" title="Számrendszer – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számrendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3_(%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1)" title="Հաշվարկման համակարգ (մաթեմատիկա) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաշվարկման համակարգ (մաթեմատիկա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_bilangan" title="Sistem bilangan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem bilangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombrosistemo" title="Nombrosistemo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nombrosistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talnakerfi" title="Talnakerfi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talnakerfi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_di_numerazione" title="Sistema di numerazione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema di numerazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E6%95%B0%E6%B3%95" title="命数法 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="命数法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_wilangan" title="Sistem wilangan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem wilangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="თვლის სისტემა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თვლის სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaq_sistemas%C4%B1" title="Sanaq sisteması – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Sanaq sisteması" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Санау жүйесі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Санау жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%98%EB%B2%95" title="기수법 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기수법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Эсептөө тутуму – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эсептөө тутуму" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_numerale" title="Systema numerale – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema numerale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skait%C4%AB%C5%A1anas_sist%C4%93ma" title="Skaitīšanas sistēma – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skaitīšanas sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Чотрадам системе – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чотрадам системе" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Броен систем – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Броен систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="സംഖ്യാസമ്പ്രദായങ്ങൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സംഖ്യാസമ്പ്രദായങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯃꯁꯤꯡ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯁꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_angka" title="Sistem angka – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem angka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_numera%C3%A7on" title="Sistema de numeraçon – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Sistema de numeraçon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%8F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1" title="ဂဏန်းခြေ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂဏန်းခြေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talstelsel" title="Talstelsel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Talstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallsystem" title="Tallsystem – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tallsystem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebadi" title="Lebadi – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Lebadi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8ma_de_numeracion" title="Sistèma de numeracion – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sistèma de numeracion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਸੰਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_liczbowy" title="System liczbowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System liczbowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عددی نظام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عددی نظام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_numera%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Sistema de numeração – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de numeração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_numera%C8%9Bie" title="Sistem de numerație – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sistem de numerație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Система счисления – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Система счисления" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brojevni_sistem" title="Brojevni sistem – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brojevni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92" title="සංඛ්‍යාත පද්ධති – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සංඛ්‍යාත පද්ධති" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_system" title="Numeral system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Numeral system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADseln%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Číselná sústava – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Číselná sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tevilski_sistem" title="Številski sistem – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Številski sistem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsika_yekurava_nhamba" title="Tsika yekurava nhamba – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tsika yekurava nhamba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Бројевни систем – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бројевни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talsystem" title="Talsystem – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Talsystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%89%EA%A0%98%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%9E_%EA%A0%94%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%87%EA%A0%A3" title="ꠉꠘꠣꠞ ꠔꠞꠤꠇꠣ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠉꠘꠣꠞ ꠔꠞꠤꠇꠣ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="எண்குறி முறைமை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்குறி முறைமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82" title="ระบบเลข – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบเลข" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerasyon" title="Numerasyon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Numerasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say%C4%B1sal_sistem" title="Sayısal sistem – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sayısal sistem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Система числення – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система числення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عددی نظام – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عددی نظام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanoq_sistemasi" title="Sanoq sistemasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sanoq sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFm" title="Hệ đếm – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ đếm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_pag-ihap" title="Sistema pag-ihap – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sistema pag-ihap" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="记数系统 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="记数系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="נומערן סיסטעם – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נומערן סיסטעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E6%95%B8%E6%B3%95" title="表數法 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="表數法" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2%CD%98-j%C4%AB" title="Sò͘-jī – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sò͘-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%95%B8%E6%B3%95" title="記數法 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="記數法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q122653#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&oldid=86369183" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&id=86369183&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25AE%25B0%25E6%2595%25B0%25E7%25B3%25BB%25E7%25BB%259F"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25AE%25B0%25E6%2595%25B0%25E7%25B3%25BB%25E7%25BB%259F"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Numeral_systems" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q122653" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%95%B8%E5%88%B6" title="Category:數制">數制</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">记数系统</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="进位制">进位制</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6-%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="印度-阿拉伯数字系统">印阿體系</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯数字">西方阿拉伯數字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%87%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯文数字">阿拉伯文数字</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="孟加拉数字">孟加拉数字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="印度數字">印度數字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Gujarati numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gujarati numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gujarati_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gujarati numerals（页面不存在）">Gujarati</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Gujarati numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gujarati numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87" title="古木基文">古木基文</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Odia numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Odia numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odia numerals（页面不存在）">Odia</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Odia numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Odia numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sinhala numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sinhala numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinhala_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinhala numerals（页面不存在）">Sinhala</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Sinhala numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sinhala numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tamil numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tamil numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil numerals（页面不存在）">Tamil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Tamil numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tamil numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Malayalam numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Malayalam numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalam_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayalam numerals（页面不存在）">Malayalam</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Malayalam numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Malayalam numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8D%A2%E5%9B%BA%E6%96%87" title="泰卢固文">泰卢固文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E9%81%94%E6%96%87" title="卡納達文">卡納達文</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Dzongkha numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dzongkha numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzongkha_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzongkha numerals（页面不存在）">Dzongkha</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Dzongkha numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dzongkha numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tibetan numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tibetan numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tibetan_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tibetan numerals（页面不存在）">Tibetan</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Tibetan numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tibetan numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Balinese numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Balinese numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balinese_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balinese numerals（页面不存在）">Balinese</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Balinese numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Balinese numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="緬甸數字">緬甸數字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Javanese numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Javanese numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Javanese_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javanese numerals（页面不存在）">Javanese</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Javanese numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Javanese numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A3%89%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="高棉數字">高棉數字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%92%BE%E6%96%87" title="老撾文">老撾文</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mongolian numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mongolian numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolian_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongolian numerals（页面不存在）">Mongolian</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Mongolian numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mongolian numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sundanese numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sundanese numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sundanese_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundanese numerals（页面不存在）">Sundanese</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundanese_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Sundanese numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sundanese numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%87%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="泰文数字">泰文数字</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">東亞體系</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>當代</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="汉字数字">中文数字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E7%A0%81%E5%AD%90" title="苏州码子">苏州码子</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="閩南語數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hokkien numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="閩南語數字（页面不存在）">閩南語數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Hokkien numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hokkien numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="日語數字">日語數字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E8%AA%9E%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="韓語數字">韓語數字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="越南语数字">越南语数字</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>古代</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%AD%B9" title="算筹">算筹</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西夏數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tangut numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西夏數字（页面不存在）">西夏數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangut_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Tangut numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tangut numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">美洲體系</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E9%9B%85%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="玛雅数字">玛雅数字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆伊斯卡數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muisca numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆伊斯卡數字（页面不存在）">穆伊斯卡數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisca_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Muisca numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muisca numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E6%99%AE" title="奇普">奇普</a></li></ul> ...</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">其它體系</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古數制史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of ancient numeral systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%B8%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古數制史（页面不存在）">古數制史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_ancient_numeral_systems" class="extiw" title="en:History of ancient numeral systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of ancient numeral systems</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="古代史">古代史</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="巴比伦数字">巴比伦数字</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="后古代史">後古典</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西多會數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cistercian numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9A%E6%9C%83%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西多會數字（页面不存在）">西多會數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistercian_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Cistercian numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cistercian numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E9%9B%85%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="玛雅数字">玛雅数字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆伊斯卡數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muisca numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆伊斯卡數字（页面不存在）">穆伊斯卡數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muisca_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Muisca numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muisca numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="納維亞五元數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pentadic numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%94%E5%85%83%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="納維亞五元數字（页面不存在）">納維亞五元數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadic_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Pentadic numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pentadic numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E6%99%AE" title="奇普">奇普</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="魯米數字符號" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rumi Numeral Symbols"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%AF%E7%B1%B3%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魯米數字符號（页面不存在）">魯米數字符號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumi_Numeral_Symbols" class="extiw" title="en:Rumi Numeral Symbols"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rumi Numeral Symbols</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>當代</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E7%BD%97%E5%9F%BA%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="切罗基音节文字">切罗基音节文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="卡克托维克数字">卡克托维克数字</a>（Iñupiaq）</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">各<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%95%B0_(%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6)" title="底数 (进制)">底數</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="進位制">進位制</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>一般進位</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二进制">二进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="三进制">三进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="四進制">四進制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="五進制">五進制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="六进制">六进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="八进制">八进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E9%80%B2%E4%BD%8D" title="九進位">九進位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十进制">十进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十一进制">十一進制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十二进制">十二进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十六进制">十六进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二十进制">二十进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="三十六进制">三十六進制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="六十進制">六十進制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6%E8%A1%A8" title="進制表">進制表</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="广义的进制系统">广义的进制系统</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%B0%84%E8%A8%98%E6%95%B8" title="雙射記數">雙射記數</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="一进制">一进制</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有符號記數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Signed-digit representation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E8%A8%98%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有符號記數（页面不存在）">有符號記數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed-digit_representation" class="extiw" title="en:Signed-digit representation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Signed-digit representation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E4%B8%89%E9%80%B2%E4%BD%8D" title="平衡三進位">平衡三進位</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="混合進制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mixed radix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混合進制（页面不存在）">混合進制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_radix" class="extiw" title="en:Mixed radix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mixed radix</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%98%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="阶乘进制">阶乘进制</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="負進制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Negative base"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A0%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="負進制（页面不存在）">負進制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_base" class="extiw" title="en:Negative base"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Negative base</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%BA%95%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="复底数进制">复底数进制</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2i%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="2i進制">2i進制</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="非整数进位制">非整数进位制</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="黄金进制">黄金进制</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非對稱進制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asymmetric numeral systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非對稱進制（页面不存在）">非對稱進制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_numeral_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Asymmetric numeral systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asymmetric numeral systems</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%80%BC%E7%9B%B8%E5%8A%A0%E8%A8%98%E6%95%B8%E6%B3%95" title="符值相加記數法">符值相加記數法</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>非字母</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%90%B4%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="愛琴數字">愛琴數字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%A1%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="阿提卡數字">阿提卡數字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="阿茲特克文字">阿茲特克文字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="婆羅米數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brahmi numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E7%B1%B3%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婆羅米數字（页面不存在）">婆羅米數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmi_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Brahmi numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brahmi numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="楚瓦什數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chuvash numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E7%93%A6%E4%BB%80%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="楚瓦什數字（页面不存在）">楚瓦什數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuvash_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Chuvash numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chuvash numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="古埃及数字">古埃及数字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊特拉斯坎數字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Etruscan numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%8E%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊特拉斯坎數字（页面不存在）">伊特拉斯坎數字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Etruscan numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Etruscan numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%89%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%87" title="佉卢文">佉卢文</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史前計數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prehistoric counting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%88%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史前計數（页面不存在）">史前計數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" class="extiw" title="en:Prehistoric counting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prehistoric counting</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原始楔形文字" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proto-cuneiform"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始楔形文字（页面不存在）">原始楔形文字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-cuneiform" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-cuneiform"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proto-cuneiform</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="罗马数字">罗马数字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="计数符号">计数符号</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="字母數制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alphabetic numeral system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E6%95%B8%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="字母數制（页面不存在）">字母數制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetic_numeral_system" class="extiw" title="en:Alphabetic numeral system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alphabetic numeral system</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Abjad numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abjad numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abjad_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abjad numerals（页面不存在）">Abjad</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjad_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Abjad numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abjad numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="亚美尼亚数字">亚美尼亚数字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Alphasyllabic numeral system" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alphasyllabic numeral system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphasyllabic_numeral_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphasyllabic numeral system（页面不存在）">Alphasyllabic</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphasyllabic_numeral_system" class="extiw" title="en:Alphasyllabic numeral system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alphasyllabic numeral system</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Aksharapalli" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aksharapalli"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksharapalli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksharapalli（页面不存在）">Akṣarapallī</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksharapalli" class="extiw" title="en:Aksharapalli"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aksharapalli</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Āryabhaṭa numeration" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Āryabhaṭa numeration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80ryabha%E1%B9%ADa_numeration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Āryabhaṭa numeration（页面不存在）">Āryabhaṭa</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80ryabha%E1%B9%ADa_numeration" class="extiw" title="en:Āryabhaṭa numeration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Āryabhaṭa numeration</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Katapayadi system" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Katapayadi system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katapayadi_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katapayadi system（页面不存在）">Kaṭapayādi</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katapayadi_system" class="extiw" title="en:Katapayadi system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Katapayadi system</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="科普特字母">科普特字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="西里爾數字">西里爾數字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%8C%B2%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="吉茲字母">吉茲字母</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Georgian numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Georgian numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgian numerals（页面不存在）">Georgian</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Georgian numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Georgian numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Glagolitic_numerals" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glagolitic_numerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glagolitic_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glagolitic numerals（页面不存在）">Glagolitic</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic_numerals" class="extiw" title="en:Glagolitic numerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glagolitic_numerals</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="希腊数字">希腊数字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="希伯來數字">希伯來數字</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="數制列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of numeral systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8%E5%88%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="數制列表（页面不存在）">數制列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_numeral_systems" class="extiw" title="en:List of numeral systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of numeral systems</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:记数系统"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:记数系统（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:记数系统"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>记数系统</b>（numeral system，system of numeration）又称<b>记数法</b>、<b>记数制度</b>、<b>数制</b>，是使用一组<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="數字">數字</a>符号来表示<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" class="mw-redirect" title="数 (数学)">數</a>的体系。<b>记数</b>可以俗称为“写数”，以区别同音词<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="计数">计数</a>。 </p><p>一个理想的记数系统能够： </p> <ul><li>有效地描述一组数（例如，<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0" title="整数">整数</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%95%B0" title="实数">实数</a>）</li> <li>所有的数对应唯一的表示（至少有一个标准表示法）</li> <li>反映数的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="代数">代数</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF" title="算术">算术</a>结构</li></ul> <p>记数系统可以按照以下方式分类： </p> <ul><li>按照<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%95%B0_(%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6)" title="底数 (进制)">底数</a>區分的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="进位制">进位制</a>，可分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十进制">十进制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二进制">二进制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="八进制">八进制</a>等</li> <li>按照写法，可分为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中文数字">中文数字</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯数字">阿拉伯数字</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="罗马数字">罗马数字</a>等</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%95%B0#历史与0的定性" title="自然数">自然数 § 历史与0的定性</a></div> <p>在木头、骨头或石头上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="计数符号">计数符号</a>从史前时代就开始被使用了。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="石器时代">石器时代</a>的文化，包括古代<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="印第安人">印第安人</a>，使用计数符号进行赌博、私人服务和交易。 </p><p>在公元前8000年至前3500年间，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94" title="苏美尔">苏美尔</a>人发明了使用粘土保留数字信息。他们的做法是将各种形状的小的粘土记号像珠子一样串在一起。从大约前3500年开始，粘土记号逐渐被数字符号取代。这些数字符号是使用圆的笔针刻在粘土块上，然后烧制而成的。大约前3100年，数字符号与被计数的事物分离，成为抽象的符号。在前2700年至前2000年间，圆的笔针逐渐被一种尖的笔针取代，这种笔针可以在粘土上刻出楔形符号。这种楔形数字和圆形数字相似，并保留了<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%80%BC%E7%9B%B8%E5%8A%A0%E8%A8%98%E6%95%B8%E6%B3%95" title="符值相加記數法">符号数值记数法</a>。这些记数系统逐渐演变成了一种常见的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="六十進制">六十进制</a>系统。这个系统是一种<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="位置数值记数法">位置数值记数法</a>，只使用竖向的楔形和人形两种符号，而且能够表示分数。这个系统在古巴比伦的初期（大约前1950年）得到了充分的发展，并成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%80%AB%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="巴比倫尼亞">巴比伦尼亚</a>的标准。 </p><p>上述六十进制系统是一种<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混合进位制（页面不存在）">混合进位制</a>系统，它的一个符号序列的不同位置上使用10和6两个基数。这个系统被广泛地应用于商业，同时也在天文学和其他计算中被使用。这个系统从巴比伦尼亚输出，并传遍了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="美索不达米亚">美索不达米亚</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>。今天，我们仍然用它来计算<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="时间">时间</a>（1小时=60分钟）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="角度">角度</a>（1度=60分）。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>古代采用<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%AD%B9" title="算筹">算筹</a>记数，个位百位万位等奇数位用纵筹，偶数位用横筹，零用空位表示。有时，军队人数和供给品记数采用<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E6%95%B0" title="质数">质数</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%AD%B9" title="算筹">算筹</a>，并按照<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="模算术">模算术</a>运算。（参看：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%8D%E6%B1%82%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%AF" title="大衍求一术">大衍求一术</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%89%A9%E4%BD%99%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="中国剩余定理">中国剩余定理</a>）。模算术的好处在于，尽管其加法相对困难，但乘法很容易。这使得模算术很适合军需品的计算。在现代，同样的模算术有时用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="数字信号处理">数字信号处理</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬帝國</a>使用腊、纸草、和石头上的割符，大致遵从<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>人将字母对应不同数的习惯。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="罗马数字">罗马数字</a>在欧洲被普遍使用，直到1500年代<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="进位制">进位制</a>开始流行。 </p><p>中美洲的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E9%9B%85%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="玛雅数字">玛雅数字</a>采用20或18<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2007年7月16日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>为基数的系统，可能继承自<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="奥尔梅克文明">奥尔梅克文明</a>，它包含了位置数值记数法和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="零">零</a>这样的高级属性。他们将此用于高级的天文计算，包括高精度的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="太阳年">太阳年</a>长度和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" title="金星">金星</a>轨道的计算。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="印加帝國">印加帝國</a>采用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E6%99%AE" title="奇普">奇普</a>，一种打结的带颜色的绳子来记数。关于使用结和颜色来编码的知识被<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙征服者">西班牙征服者</a>于16世纪所摈弃，并因此失传。今天，简单的结绳工具仍在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="安地斯山脈">安地斯山脈</a>地区使用。 </p><p>有些权威认为数位算术随着<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%98" title="算盘">算盘</a>的广泛使用而开始。最早的书面数位记录似乎是大约400年的算盘计算的结果。特别在大约932年，零已被中国数学家正确地表述了，并且似乎是因为采用一个圆圈表示没有算盘珠子的那一位而产生的。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>，现代数位数字系统被传给阿拉伯人。可能是和天文表格一起，这一系统被一位印度大使在约773年带到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达">巴格达</a>。对于印度的数字系统的详细讨论，参看<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯数字">阿拉伯数字</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="印度數字">印度数字</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>从印度出发，伊斯兰苏丹们和非洲的旺盛贸易将此数字系统的概念带到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E7%BD%97" title="开罗">开罗</a>。阿拉伯数学家们将此系统推广到十进制分数。在9世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%8B%89%E5%AD%90%E5%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="花拉子密">花拉子密</a>写下了关于该系统的重要著作。随着12世纪该著作在西班牙被翻译和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%B3%A2%E9%82%A3%E5%A5%91" title="斐波那契">斐波那契</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算书（页面不存在）">计算书</a>》在1201年的出版，该系统传入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>。在欧洲，完整的带零的印度系统是于12世纪由阿拉伯人带来的。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二进制">二进制</a>系统由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="莱布尼兹">莱布尼兹</a>在17世纪传播，莱布尼兹在他工作的早期形成了这一概念，并在阅读中国的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%BB%8F" title="易经">易经</a>》再次巩固了这一想法。由于<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机">计算机</a>的使用，二进制系统在20世纪变得更加普遍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="常用基数"><span id=".E5.B8.B8.E7.94.A8.E5.9F.BA.E6.95.B0"></span>常用基数</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：常用基数"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="二"><span id=".E4.BA.8C"></span>二</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：二"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基數為2的系統（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="二進制">二進制</a>）的流行及應用主要是因為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電子計算機">電子計算機</a>的發明。以<a href="/wiki/2" title="2">2</a>為基數，也代表只有兩種變化：不是1就是0。最初的電子計算機以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="開關電路（页面不存在）">開關電路</a>組成，只有兩種狀態：開（1）及關（0），並以此引申作各種複雜的<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="邏輯">邏輯</a>變化。而現今二進制亦普遍使用於數碼影音系統中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="八"><span id=".E5.85.AB"></span>八</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：八"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基数8的系统（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="八进制">八进制</a>）是北加利福尼亚的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuki%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuki部落（页面不存在）">Yuki部落</a>设计的，他们使用了手指间的间隔来数数。也有语言学证据显示青铜时代<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="印歐人">印欧人</a>（多数欧洲和印度语言来源于此）可能用基数10的系统取代了基数8系统（或者一个只能数到8的系统）。证据是代表9的词，<i>newm</i>，根据一些历史学家推测来源于“新”（'new', <i>newo-</i>），这表示数字9是当时最近发明的，所以称为‘新数’（'new number'） (Mallory & Adams 1997年)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="九"><span id=".E4.B9.9D"></span>九</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：九"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%B6%85%E8%8C%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="涅涅茨語">涅涅茨语</a>曾经使用基数9的系统（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="九进制">九进制</a>），但在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a>的影响下转变为十进制。<i>yúq</i>一词最初表示9，但在俄语影响下变成了10的意思；所以在现在的涅涅茨，9现在是<i>xasu-yúq</i>，也就是“涅涅茨<i>yúq</i>”，而10就是<i>yúq</i>，但在东部方言中也作<i>lúca-yúq</i>, 也就是“俄语<i>yúq</i>”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="十"><span id=".E5.8D.81"></span>十</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：十"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="十进位制">十进位制</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十进制">十进制</a>是今天最为常用的系统。它被视为因为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="人类">人类</a>具有十根<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%8C%87" title="手指">手指</a>而产生。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="十二"><span id=".E5.8D.81.E4.BA.8C"></span>十二</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：十二"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基数12的系统（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十二进制">十二进制</a>）曾经很流行，因为乘法和除法比十进制方便，而加法同样简单。<a href="/wiki/12" title="12">12</a>很有用，因为它有很多<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="因子">因子</a>。它是1到4最小的公倍数。我们对十二有一个特殊的词“打”(<i>dozen</i>)，并且使用12小时作为一个白天或者一个黑夜。十二进制来自于一只手除了拇指以外的四个手指的指节个数，它们曾被用来记数。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="十六"><span id=".E5.8D.81.E5.85.AD"></span>十六</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：十六"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基數為16的系統（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="十六進制">十六進制</a>）曾經在中國的重量單位上使用過，比如，規定16兩為一斤。現在的16進位則普遍應用在電腦領域，這是因為將二進位數字轉化為十六進位數字非常容易，用十六進位表達數字比用二進制方便。1<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="位元组">位元組</a>（一個8個位的二進位數字）可以很方便的表示成一個兩個位的16進位數字。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="二十"><span id=".E4.BA.8C.E5.8D.81"></span>二十</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：二十"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E9%9B%85%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="玛雅文明">玛雅文明</a>和其它<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="前哥伦布时期">前哥伦布时期</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲">中美洲</a>文明使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二十进制">二十进制</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E5%8A%AA%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="因努伊特">因努伊特</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E5%8A%AA%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="因努伊特數字">因努伊特數字</a>，源于人的手指和脚趾总数。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="六十"><span id=".E5.85.AD.E5.8D.81"></span>六十</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：六十"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基数为60的系统（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="六十進制">六十进制</a>）是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="苏美尔人">苏美尔人</a>和他们在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="美索不达米亚">美索不达米亚</a>的继承者所使用的，今天还在我们的计时系统中存在（所以一小时有60<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F" title="分钟">分钟</a>而一分钟有60秒）。60也有大量因子，包括前六个<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%95%B0" title="自然数">自然数</a>。六十进制系统被认为是因为十进制和十二进制合并过程中产生的。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中國曆法">中国历法</a>中，六十进制的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%AD%90" title="甲子">甲子</a>系统用于表示年，每个60年循环中的年用两个符号代表，第一个符号是十进制的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B2" title="天干">天干</a>，第二个符号是十二进制的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%AF" title="地支">地支</a>。两个符号在后续一年中同时前进一，这样同样的组合在60年后再现。该系统的第二个符号也和12个动物的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E8%82%96" class="mw-redirect" title="生肖">生肖</a>系统对应。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="进位制详解"><span id=".E8.BF.9B.E4.BD.8D.E5.88.B6.E8.AF.A6.E8.A7.A3"></span>进位制详解</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：进位制详解"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="位置记法">位置记法</a></div> <p>在“基数<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>”的“<b>位置记数系统</b>”（其中<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>是一个正<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%95%B0" title="自然数">自然数</a>，叫做<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B8_(%E9%80%B2%E4%BD%8D%E8%A8%98%E6%95%B8%E6%B3%95)" class="mw-redirect" title="基數 (進位記數法)">基數</a>）中，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>个“基本符号”（或称数字）对应于包括0的最小<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>个自然数。要产生其他的数，必须变动这些基本符号在数中的位置。最后一位的符号用它本身的值，向左一位其值乘以<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>。 </p><p>例如，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十进制">十进制</a>系统中（基数10），数 4327 表示 (<b>4</b>×10<sup>3</sup>) + (<b>3</b>×10<sup>2</sup>) + (<b>2</b>×10<sup>1</sup>) + (<b>7</b>×10<sup>0</sup>)，注意 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 10^{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 10^{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45d6ef004bb97df6bf6ee2ec20f8eec7aa32adcb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.379ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 10^{0}}" /></span> = 1。 </p><p>一般来讲，若<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>是基底，我们在<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>进制系统中的数表示为<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>1</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span><sup>k</sup> + <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>2</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span><sup>k-1</sup> + <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>3</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span><sup>k-2</sup> + ... + <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>k+1</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span><sup>0</sup>的形式，并按次序写下数字<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>1</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>2</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>3</sub> ... <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>k+1</sub>。这些数字是 0 到 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>-1 的自然数。 </p><p>若一段文字（譬如这段文字）讨论多个基数，若有歧义时，基数（本身用十进制表示）用下标方式写在数的右边。除非有上下文说明，没有下标的数字视为十进制。 </p><p>通过使用一点（小数点）来将数字分成两组，就可以用位置系统来表示小数。例如，基数-2系统 10.11 表示1×2<sup>1</sup>+ 0×2<sup>0</sup> +1×2<sup>-1</sup> +1×2<sup>-2</sup> = 2.75。 </p><p>一般来讲，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>进制系统中的数有如下形式： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{n}a_{n-1}...a_{1}a_{0}.c_{1}c_{2}c_{3}...)_{b}=\sum _{k=0}^{n}a_{k}b^{k}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }c_{k}b^{-k}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{n}a_{n-1}...a_{1}a_{0}.c_{1}c_{2}c_{3}...)_{b}=\sum _{k=0}^{n}a_{k}b^{k}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }c_{k}b^{-k}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f1cd6704e1870c62b471cc316df518449b8b4be" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:51.021ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{n}a_{n-1}...a_{1}a_{0}.c_{1}c_{2}c_{3}...)_{b}=\sum _{k=0}^{n}a_{k}b^{k}+\sum _{k=1}^{\infty }c_{k}b^{-k}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>数 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b^{k}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b^{k}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aac50dee73697acfea203e84038abe37d10fb44f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.086ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b^{k}}" /></span> 和 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b^{-k}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b^{-k}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9762dfea6ca1fce5e3bfd7fefeb322123afba5bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.365ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b^{-k}}" /></span> 是相应数字的 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8D%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比重函数（页面不存在）">比重</a>。 </p><p>注意有一个数有一个终止或者循环<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E4%B8%94%E4%BB%85%E5%BD%93" title="当且仅当">当且仅当</a>它是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E6%95%B0" title="有理数">有理数</a>；这不依赖于基数的选择。在一个进制中终止的数可以在另外一个有循环小数（thus 0.3<sub>10</sub> = 0.0100110011001...<sub>2</sub>）。一个无理数在所有进制中不循环（无穷位不循环数字）。这样，例如二进制中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%91%A8%E7%8E%87" title="圓周率">π</a> = 3.1415926...<sub>10</sub> 可以写作不循环的 11.001001000011111...<sub>2</sub>。 </p><p>若<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span>=<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" /></span>是一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E6%95%B0" title="质数">质数</a>，可以定义其向左的扩展不停止的<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" /></span>进制数字；这些数字称为<a href="/wiki/P%E8%BF%9B%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="P进数">p进数</a>(p-adic)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="进制转换"><span id=".E8.BF.9B.E5.88.B6.E8.BD.AC.E6.8D.A2"></span>进制转换</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：进制转换"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>转换正整数的进制的有一个简单算法，就是通过用目标基数作长除法；余数给出从最低位开始的“数字”。例如，1020304从10进制转到7进制： </p> <pre>1020304 / 7 = 145757 r 5 ↑ => 11446435 145757 / 7 = 20822 r 3 │ 20822 / 7 = 2974 r 4 │ 2974 / 7 = 424 r 6 │ 424 / 7 = 60 r 4 │ 60 / 7 = 8 r 4 │ 8 / 7 = 1 r 1 │ 1 / 7 = 0 r 1 │</pre> <p>再如，10110111 从2进制到5进制： </p> <pre>10110111 / 101 = 100100 r 11 (3) ↑ => 1213 100100 / 101 = 111 r 1 (1) │ 111 / 101 = 1 r 10 (2) │ 1 / 101 = 0 r 1 (1) │</pre> <p>转换一个“十进制”小数，可以用重复乘法，将整数部分作为“数字”。不幸的是有限小数不一定转换成为有限小数，例如0.1A4C从16进制转换到9进制： </p> <pre>0.1A4C × 9 = 0.ECAC │ 0.ECAC × 9 = 8.520C │ 0.520C × 9 = 2.E26C │ 0.E26C × 9 = 7.F5CC │ 0.F5CC × 9 = 8.A42C │ 0.A42C × 9 = 5.C58C ↓ => 0.082785...a</pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="一般化变长整数"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E8.88.AC.E5.8C.96.E5.8F.98.E9.95.BF.E6.95.B4.E6.95.B0"></span>一般化变长整数</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：一般化变长整数"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>更一般化的有一种记法（这里写作<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AB%AF%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="小端序">小头式</a>），例如<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>0</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>1</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>2</sub> 用作<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>0</sub> + <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>1</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span><sub>1</sub> + <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span><sub>2</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span><sub>1</sub><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" /></span><sub>2</sub>, etc. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">David Eugene Smith; Louis Charles Karpinski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=wEw6AAAAMAAJ">The Hindu-Arabic numerals</a>. Ginn and Company. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rft.au=David+Eugene+Smith&rft.au=Louis+Charles+Karpinski&rft.btitle=The+Hindu-Arabic+numerals&rft.date=1911&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Ginn+and+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DwEw6AAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>参考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：参考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li>Georges Ifrah. <i>The Universal History of Numbers : From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer</i>, Wiley, 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0471375683" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-471-37568-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3" title="高德纳">高德纳</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="计算机程序设计艺术">计算机程序设计艺术</a>》. Volume 2, 3rd Ed. <a href="/wiki/Addison-Wesley" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison-Wesley">Addison-Wesley</a>. pp.194–213, "Positional Number Systems".</li> <li>J.P. Mallory and D.Q. Adams, <i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i>, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, London and Chicago, 1997.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A.L._Kroeber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A.L. Kroeber（页面不存在）">A.L. Kroeber</a> (Alfred Louis Kroeber) (1876–1960), Handbook of the Indians of California, Bulletin 78 of the Bureau of American Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution (1919)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hans J. Nissen; Peter Damerow; Robert K. Englund. Archaic Bookkeeping: Early Writing and Techniques of Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East. University Of Chicago Press. 1993. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-226-58659-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-226-58659-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-226-58659-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rft.au=Hans+J.+Nissen&rft.au=Peter+Damerow&rft.au=Robert+K.+Englund&rft.btitle=Archaic+Bookkeeping%3A+Early+Writing+and+Techniques+of+Economic+Administration+in+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-226-58659-5&rft.pub=University+Of+Chicago+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denise_Schmandt-Besserat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denise Schmandt-Besserat（页面不存在）">Schmandt-Besserat, Denise</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwritingcameab0000schm">How Writing Came About</a>. University of Texas Press. 1996. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-292-77704-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-292-77704-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-292-77704-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft.aulast=Schmandt-Besserat&rft.btitle=How+Writing+Came+About&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-292-77704-0&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwritingcameab0000schm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Zaslavsky, Claudia. Africa counts: number and pattern in African cultures. Chicago Review Press. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-55652-350-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-55652-350-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-55652-350-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft.aulast=Zaslavsky&rft.btitle=Africa+counts%3A+number+and+pattern+in+African+cultures&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55652-350-2&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>nd}}</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参見"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A6.8B"></span>参見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算机数字格式（页面不存在）">计算机数字格式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E9%87%8F%E7%B4%9A_(%E6%95%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="數量級 (數)">數量級 (數)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="减法式记法（页面不存在）">减法式记法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德尼数字（页面不存在）">德尼数字</a> – 虚构的数字系统，来自<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="电子游戏">电子游戏</a>系列<i><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="神秘岛">神秘岛</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E7%BB%B3%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结绳记数（页面不存在）">结绳记数</a> 印加数字系统</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="巴比伦数字">巴比伦数字</a> – 六十进制系统</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="黄金进制">黄金进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0" title="数">数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="计数">计数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E6%95%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="計數符號">計數符號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十进制">十进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E5%B7%AE%E8%88%87%E7%9F%AD%E7%B4%9A%E5%B7%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="長級差與短級差">長級差與短級差</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elfqrin.com/baseconv.html">进制转换器</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20061018051016/http://www.elfqrin.com/baseconv.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060820111731/http://www.uni-bonn.de/~manfear/numbaseconv.php">带小数点的进制转换器</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kwiznet.com/p/showCurriculum.php?curriculumID=22">数字感觉与数数课程</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20061101134123/http://www.kwiznet.com/p/showCurriculum.php?curriculumID=22">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="进制的记数系统" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pns" title="Template:Pns"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pns" title="Template talk:Pns"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Pns" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Pns"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="进制的记数系统" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="进位制">进制</a>的<a class="mw-selflink selflink">记数系统</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基本进位制</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="一进制">一进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二进制">二进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="三进制">三进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="四進制">四進制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="五進制">五進制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="六进制">六进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="八进制">八进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E9%80%B2%E4%BD%8D" title="九進位">九進位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十进制">十进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十一进制">十一进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十二进制">十二进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十六进制">十六进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二十进制">二十进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="二十六进制">二十六进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="三十六进制">三十六进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="六十進制">六十進制</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">平衡进位制</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E4%B8%89%E9%80%B2%E4%BD%8D" title="平衡三進位">平衡三進位</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="广义的进制系统">广义的进制系统</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Base64" title="Base64">Base64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6#十进位制" title="十进制">十进位制</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%80%B2%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二進指數法（页面不存在）">二進指數法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="非整数进位制">非整数进位制</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B9%E5%8F%B72%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="根号2进制（页面不存在）">根号2进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="黄金进制">黄金进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="E进制">e进制</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="负底数进制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Negative base"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9F%E5%BA%95%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="负底数进制（页面不存在）">负底数进制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_base" class="extiw" title="en:Negative base"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Negative base</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%BA%95%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="复底数进制">複底数进制</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2i%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" title="2i進制">2i进制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/-1%C2%B1i%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="-1±i进制">-1±i进制</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="混合底數" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mixed radix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%BA%95%E6%95%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混合底數（页面不存在）">混合底數</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_radix" class="extiw" title="en:Mixed radix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mixed radix</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%98%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="阶乘进制">阶乘进制</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%B3%A2%E9%82%A3%E5%A5%91%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" title="斐波那契编码">斐波那契編碼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%B0%84%E8%A8%98%E6%95%B8" title="雙射記數">双射记数系统</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%95%B0_(%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6)" title="底数 (进制)">底数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E4%BD%8D_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="数位 (数学)">数位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83" title="位元">比特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82" title="字节">位元組</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="进位制">进位制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="米迪定理">米迪定理</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">记数系统</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="文字系統" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Writing_systems" title="Template:Writing systems"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Writing_systems" title="Template talk:Writing systems"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Writing_systems" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Writing systems"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="文字系統" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字系統</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概觀</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%B2" title="文字史">文字史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="字母的歷史">字母的歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%8D" title="字位">字位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97_(Unicode)" title="文字 (Unicode)">Unicode收录的文字</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="文字列表">文字列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of languages by writing system" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of languages by writing system"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_languages_by_writing_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of languages by writing system（页面不存在）">Languages by writing system</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_writing_system" class="extiw" title="en:List of languages by writing system"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of languages by writing system</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of languages by first written accounts" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of languages by first written accounts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of languages by first written accounts（页面不存在）">by first written account</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="extiw" title="en:List of languages by first written accounts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of languages by first written accounts</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%BB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="未解读文字">未解读文字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of inventors of writing systems" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of inventors of writing systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_inventors_of_writing_systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of inventors of writing systems（页面不存在）">Inventors of writing systems</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inventors_of_writing_systems" class="extiw" title="en:List of inventors of writing systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of inventors of writing systems</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="文字列表">形態</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文字系统类型" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q119520394"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文字系统类型（页面不存在）">类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">維基數據</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119520394" class="extiw" title="d:Q119520394"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q119520394</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="象形符号">象形符号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="形意符号">形意符号</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">记数系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="语素文字">语素文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="音節文字">音節文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="半音節文字">半音節文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="辅音音素文字">辅音音素文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%99%84%E6%A0%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="元音附标文字">元音附标文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="全音素文字">全音素文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="特徵文字">特徵文字</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117700-9">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85093233">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00762396">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="číselné soustavy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph128225&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=记数系统&oldid=86369183">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=记数系统&oldid=86369183</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A8%98%E6%95%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="Category:記數系統">記數系統</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E6%B3%95" title="Category:數學表示法">數學表示法</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2007%E5%B9%B47%E6%9C%88%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%AA%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2007年7月有未列明来源语句的条目">自2007年7月有未列明来源语句的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2025年3月8日 (星期六) 12:59。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA_4.0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA 4.0协议文本">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">记数系统</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>82种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64c789d7d6-b5vq9","wgBackendResponseTime":233,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.677","walltime":"1.310","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2817,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":180869,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2782,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":50684,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["126.20% 1366.911 2 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists","100.00% 1083.098 1 -total"," 69.09% 748.363 1 Template:Table_Numeral_Systems"," 43.69% 473.233 40 Template:Tsl"," 10.29% 111.439 2 Template:Navbox"," 8.18% 88.592 5 Template:Nbsp"," 6.13% 66.346 1 Template:Pns"," 5.93% 64.242 4 Template:Cite_book"," 5.34% 57.867 1 Template:Reflist"," 5.22% 56.500 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.408","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4436492,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5886496d-fxrk8","timestamp":"20250314184128","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u8bb0\u6570\u7cfb\u7edf","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%AE%B0%E6%95%B0%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q122653","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q122653","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-10-17T16:38:16Z","dateModified":"2025-03-08T12:59:53Z","headline":"\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7d44\u6578\u5b57\u7b26\u865f\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u6578\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb"}</script> </body> </html>