Imprinting of IgA responses in previously infected individuals receiving bivalent mRNA vaccines (WT and BA.4/BA.5 or WT and BA.1)

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Studies are needed to understand how to induce a robust and long-lasting IgA immunity for protection against COVID-1 …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg">  <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search">  <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/no-script.css"> </noscript> <meta name="citation_title" content="Imprinting of IgA responses in previously infected individuals receiving bivalent mRNA vaccines (WT and BA.4/BA.5 or WT and BA.1)"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Goh YS;Fong SW;Hor PX;Loh CY;Tay MZ;Wang B;Salleh SNM;Ngoh EZX;Lee RTC;Poh XY;Lee IR;Rao S;Chia PY; ;Maurer-Stroh S;Wang CI;Leo YS;Lye DC;Young BE;Ng LFP;Renia L;"> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024 Sep"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Int J Infect Dis"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases"> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="38945433"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38945433/"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="146"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1878-3511"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38945433/" /> </head> <body > <noscript> <div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner"> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mVZVK88cYJ59omtlI8cJf8XvTBJdX3OKrnPjAlVtolmxCgq0IY9oMsQRvqPhsWfA"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mVZVK88cYJ59omtlI8cJf8XvTBJdX3OKrnPjAlVtolmxCgq0IY9oMsQRvqPhsWfA"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mVZVK88cYJ59omtlI8cJf8XvTBJdX3OKrnPjAlVtolmxCgq0IY9oMsQRvqPhsWfA"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mVZVK88cYJ59omtlI8cJf8XvTBJdX3OKrnPjAlVtolmxCgq0IY9oMsQRvqPhsWfA"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38945433"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1201-9712(24)00218-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3048&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=38945433&db=pubmed&nlmid=9610933" title="See full text options at Elsevier Science" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Elsevier Science" data-ga-label="38945433" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-elsevieroa.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Elsevier Science </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38945433/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38945433/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="38945433" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F38945433%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="mVZVK88cYJ59omtlI8cJf8XvTBJdX3OKrnPjAlVtolmxCgq0IY9oMsQRvqPhsWfA"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a 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class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2024 Jun 28. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Imprinting of IgA responses in previously infected individuals receiving bivalent mRNA vaccines (WT and BA.4/BA.5 or WT and BA.1) </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Goh+YS&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yun Shan Goh">Yun Shan Goh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fong+SW&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Siew-Wai Fong">Siew-Wai Fong</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hor+PX&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Pei Xiang Hor">Pei Xiang Hor</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Loh+CY&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Chiew Yee Loh">Chiew Yee Loh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Tay+MZ&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthew Zirui Tay">Matthew Zirui Tay</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wang+B&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bei Wang">Bei Wang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Salleh+SNM&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh">Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ngoh+EZX&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eve Zi Xian Ngoh">Eve Zi Xian Ngoh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lee+RTC&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Raphael Tze Chuen Lee">Raphael Tze Chuen Lee</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Poh+XY&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Xuan Ying Poh">Xuan Ying Poh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lee+IR&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="I Russel Lee">I Russel Lee</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rao+S&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Suma Rao">Suma Rao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chia+PY&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Po Ying Chia">Po Ying Chia</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=PRIBIVAC+Cohort+Study+Group%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="PRIBIVAC Cohort Study Group">PRIBIVAC Cohort Study Group</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Maurer-Stroh+S&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sebastian Maurer-Stroh">Sebastian Maurer-Stroh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wang+CI&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Cheng-I Wang">Cheng-I Wang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Leo+YS&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yee-Sin Leo">Yee-Sin Leo</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lye+DC&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David C Lye">David C Lye</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Young+BE&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Barnaby Edward Young">Barnaby Edward Young</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ng+LFP&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lisa F P Ng">Lisa F P Ng</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore." href="#full-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Renia+L&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Laurent Renia">Laurent Renia</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: renia_laurent@idlabs.a-star.edu.sg." href="#full-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38945433/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-6" id="full-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-7" id="full-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-8" id="full-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-9" id="full-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-10" id="full-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-11" id="full-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: renia_laurent@idlabs.a-star.edu.sg.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38945433</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <span class="free-label">Free article</span> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Imprinting of IgA responses in previously infected individuals receiving bivalent mRNA vaccines (WT and BA.4/BA.5 or WT and BA.1) </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Yun Shan Goh</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Int J Infect Dis<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2024 Sep</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <span class="free-label">Free article</span> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/38945433/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" 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data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Int J Infect Dis"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Int+J+Infect+Dis%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Int J Infect Dis"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Int J Infect Dis"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Int J Infect Dis"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Sep:146:107147.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2024 Jun 28. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Goh+YS&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yun Shan Goh">Yun Shan Goh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fong+SW&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Siew-Wai Fong">Siew-Wai Fong</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hor+PX&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Pei Xiang Hor">Pei Xiang Hor</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Loh+CY&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Chiew Yee Loh">Chiew Yee Loh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Tay+MZ&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthew Zirui Tay">Matthew Zirui Tay</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wang+B&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bei Wang">Bei Wang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Salleh+SNM&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh">Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ngoh+EZX&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eve Zi Xian Ngoh">Eve Zi Xian Ngoh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lee+RTC&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Raphael Tze Chuen Lee">Raphael Tze Chuen Lee</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Poh+XY&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Xuan Ying Poh">Xuan Ying Poh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lee+IR&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="I Russel Lee">I Russel Lee</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rao+S&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Suma Rao">Suma Rao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chia+PY&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Po Ying Chia">Po Ying Chia</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=PRIBIVAC+Cohort+Study+Group%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="PRIBIVAC Cohort Study Group">PRIBIVAC Cohort Study Group</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Maurer-Stroh+S&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sebastian Maurer-Stroh">Sebastian Maurer-Stroh</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wang+CI&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Cheng-I Wang">Cheng-I Wang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Leo+YS&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yee-Sin Leo">Yee-Sin Leo</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lye+DC&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="David C Lye">David C Lye</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Young+BE&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Barnaby Edward Young">Barnaby Edward Young</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ng+LFP&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Lisa F P Ng">Lisa F P Ng</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore." href="#short-view-affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Renia+L&cauthor_id=38945433" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Laurent Renia">Laurent Renia</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: renia_laurent@idlabs.a-star.edu.sg." href="#short-view-affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-6" id="short-view-affiliation-6" ><sup class="key">6</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-7" id="short-view-affiliation-7" ><sup class="key">7</sup> A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; GISAID Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID), Munich, Germany; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-8" id="short-view-affiliation-8" ><sup class="key">8</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-9" id="short-view-affiliation-9" ><sup class="key">9</sup> National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-10" id="short-view-affiliation-10" ><sup class="key">10</sup> A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-11" id="short-view-affiliation-11" ><sup class="key">11</sup> A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: renia_laurent@idlabs.a-star.edu.sg.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38945433</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107147 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38945433/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38945433/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Objectives: </strong> The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to the development of Omicron-targeting bivalent mRNA vaccines. It is crucial to understand how bivalent vaccines may improve antibody responses against new variants. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> A total of 107 participants, who had three COVID-19 WT mRNA vaccine doses, were recruited, and given either a monovalent (WT) or a bivalent mRNA vaccination (Pfizer/BioNTech Bivalent (WT and BA.4/BA.5) or Moderna Bivalent (WT and BA.1). Blood samples were taken before booster and at 28 days post-booster. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> We found significantly lower fold change in serum binding IgA responses against BA.1, BA.5 and EG.5.1 spike in the bivalent booster group, compared with the monovalent (WT) booster group, following vaccination. However, this was only observed in individuals with prior infection. The relative fold change in serum binding IgA response was more skewed towards WT over variant (BA.1, BA.5 or EG.5.1) spike in previously infected bivalent-booster-vaccinees, as compared with previously infected monovalent-(WT)-booster-vaccinees. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> The findings suggest imprinting of antibody responses that is shaped by the first vaccination (WT spike). Previous infection also affects the boosting effect of follow-up vaccination. Studies are needed to understand how to induce a robust and long-lasting IgA immunity for protection against COVID-19 infection. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Bivalent; EG.5.1; IgA; SARS-CoV-2; Variant; mRNA vaccine. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. 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data-href="/?term=%22Immunoglobulin+A%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Immunoglobulin A/blood"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Immunoglobulin A* / blood"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Immunoglobulin+A" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Immunoglobulin A* / blood"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Immunoglobulin A/blood"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Immunoglobulin A/blood"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Male" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Male </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-12" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Male"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Male"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Male"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Male"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Middle Aged </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-13" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Middle Aged"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Middle Aged"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Middle Aged"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Middle Aged"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2* / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-14" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> SARS-CoV-2* / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-14" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2* / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="SARS-CoV-2/genetics"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2* / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=SARS-CoV-2" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2* / genetics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""SARS-CoV-2/genetics"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""SARS-CoV-2/genetics"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2* / immunology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> SARS-CoV-2* / immunology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword SARS-CoV-2* / immunology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="SARS-CoV-2/immunology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2* / immunology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=SARS-CoV-2" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2* / immunology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""SARS-CoV-2/immunology"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""SARS-CoV-2/immunology"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-16" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Spike+Glycoprotein%2C+Coronavirus%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spike+Glycoprotein%2C+Coronavirus%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Spike+Glycoprotein%2C+Coronavirus" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Spike+Glycoprotein%2C+Coronavirus%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spike+Glycoprotein%2C+Coronavirus%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Spike+Glycoprotein%2C+Coronavirus" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Vaccination" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-18" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Vaccination </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-18" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Vaccination"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Vaccination%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Vaccination%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Vaccination"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Vaccination"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vaccination" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Vaccination"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Vaccination"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Vaccination"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-19" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Vaccines%2C+Synthetic%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Vaccines%2C+Synthetic%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Vaccines, Synthetic/administration and dosage"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vaccines%2C+Synthetic" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Vaccines, Synthetic/administration and dosage"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Vaccines, Synthetic/administration and dosage"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Vaccines%2C+Synthetic%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Vaccines%2C+Synthetic%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vaccines%2C+Synthetic" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Young Adult" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-21" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Young Adult </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-21" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Young Adult"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Young+Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Young+Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Young Adult"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Young Adult"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Young+Adult" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Young Adult"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Young Adult"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Young Adult"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword mRNA Vaccines" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-22" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> mRNA Vaccines </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-22" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword mRNA Vaccines"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22mRNA+Vaccines%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22mRNA+Vaccines%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="mRNA Vaccines"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="mRNA Vaccines"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=mRNA+Vaccines" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="mRNA Vaccines"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""mRNA Vaccines"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""mRNA Vaccines"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Immunoglobulin A" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Immunoglobulin A </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Immunoglobulin A"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Immunoglobulin+A%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Immunoglobulin+A%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Immunoglobulin A"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Immunoglobulin A"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Immunoglobulin+A%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Immunoglobulin A"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Immunoglobulin A"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Immunoglobulin A"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 Vaccines" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> COVID-19 Vaccines </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword COVID-19 Vaccines"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22COVID-19+Vaccines%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22COVID-19+Vaccines%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="COVID-19 Vaccines"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="COVID-19 Vaccines"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22COVID-19+Vaccines%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="COVID-19 Vaccines"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""COVID-19 Vaccines"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""COVID-19 Vaccines"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Viral" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-2" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Antibodies, Viral </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-2" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Antibodies, Viral"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Viral%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Antibodies%2C+Viral%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Antibodies, Viral"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Antibodies, Viral"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" 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class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22mRNA+Vaccines%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22mRNA+Vaccines%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="mRNA Vaccines"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="mRNA Vaccines"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22mRNA+Vaccines%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="mRNA Vaccines"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""mRNA Vaccines"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""mRNA Vaccines"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-4" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-4" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Spike+Glycoprotein%2C+Coronavirus%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spike+Glycoprotein%2C+Coronavirus%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" 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data-pinger-ignore> Vaccines, Synthetic </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-5" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Vaccines, Synthetic"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Vaccines%2C+Synthetic%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Vaccines%2C+Synthetic%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="Vaccines, Synthetic"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Vaccines, Synthetic"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Vaccines%2C+Synthetic%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Vaccines, Synthetic"> Search in MeSH 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class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2+variants%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2+variants%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="SARS-CoV-2 variants"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="supplementary_concept" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2 variants"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=SARS-CoV-2+variants" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="supplementary_concept_link" data-ga-label="SARS-CoV-2 variants"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""SARS-CoV-2 variants"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" 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Imprinting of IgA responses in previously infected individuals receiving bivalent mRNA vaccines (WT and BA.4/BA.5 or WT and BA.1) - PubMed