CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>Angina Pectoris - Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment</title> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/projects/radinfo/index.png?rev=2f250f5878254a09af0996d7356051d0&hash=8E4ABABD8D30DAA79D1855C7088CCD5A" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/projects/radinfo/index.png?rev=2f250f5878254a09af0996d7356051d0" type="image/x-icon" /> <meta name="author" content="Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and American College of Radiology (ACR)" /> <meta name="description" content="What is angina pectoris? Learn how doctors diagnose, evaluate and treat this disease." /> <link itemprop="url" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Angina Pectoris" /> <meta property="og:description" content="What is angina pectoris? Learn how doctors diagnose, evaluate and treat this disease." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/radinfo/gallery-items/images/r-to-t/senior-patient-and-radiologist-consultation.jpg?rev=d3047ff32ef14145b27a82838cbccf2d&hash=B6E4CC77CBE1889721D2389737BD6287" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="500" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="333" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Radiologyinfo.org" /> <meta property="og:type" content="Article" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="Summary_Large_Image" /> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Angina Pectoris" /> <meta property="twitter:description" content="What is angina pectoris? Learn how doctors diagnose, evaluate and treat this disease." /> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/radinfo/gallery-items/images/r-to-t/senior-patient-and-radiologist-consultation.jpg?rev=d3047ff32ef14145b27a82838cbccf2d&hash=B6E4CC77CBE1889721D2389737BD6287" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris" hreflang="en"/> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/anginapectoris" hreflang="es"/> <meta name="robots" content="NOODP"> <meta name="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/radiologyinfo" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "MedicalWebPage", "lastReviewed": "2023-10-15", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris" }, "headline": "Angina Pectoris", "specialty": "Radiology", "audience": "patients", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/radinfo/gallery-items/images/r-to-t/senior-patient-and-radiologist-consultation.jpg?rev=d3047ff32ef14145b27a82838cbccf2d" } }</script> <meta name="VIcurrentDateTime" content="638680370547975814" /> <meta name="VirtualFolder" content="/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/layouts/system/VisitorIdentification.js"></script> <script src="/sitecore%20modules/Web/ExperienceForms/scripts/jquery-2.1.3.min.js"></script> <script src="/sitecore%20modules/Web/ExperienceForms/scripts/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <script src="/sitecore%20modules/Web/ExperienceForms/scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js"></script> <script src="/sitecore%20modules/Web/ExperienceForms/scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js"></script> <script src="/sitecore%20modules/Web/ExperienceForms/scripts/form.validate.js"></script> <script src="/sitecore%20modules/Web/ExperienceForms/scripts/form.tracking.js"></script> <script src="/sitecore%20modules/Web/ExperienceForms/scripts/formsextensions.validate.js"></script>  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link href="/css/radinfo/bundle.css?v=PY45sb5b_cZEDVmb5aF7Ci5wDFJLZxfQHHfbROL8FjI1" rel="stylesheet"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris" />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-N7N74GQ');</script>  <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris?google=amp"></head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N7N74GQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="skiptocontent"><a href="#main">skip to main content</a></div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row" style="margin-left: 0; margin-right: -20px;"> <header class="col-md-12"> <form class="navbar-form navbar-right hidden-xs" action="/search" role="search"> <div class="searchBar"> <input id="term" name="term" title="Search" type="text" placeholder="Search" value="" aria-label="Search the site"> <button id="termsubmit" type="submit" aria-label="Submit Site search"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px;" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="#115871" d="M9.5,3A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 16,9.5C16,11.11 15.41,12.59 14.44,13.73L14.71,14H15.5L20.5,19L19,20.5L14,15.5V14.71L13.73,14.44C12.59,15.41 11.11,16 9.5,16A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 3,9.5A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 9.5,3M9.5,5C7,5 5,7 5,9.5C5,12 7,14 9.5,14C12,14 14,12 14,9.5C14,7 12,5 9.5,5Z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </form> <a href="/en" tabindex="-1"> <img src="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/radinfo/radiologyinfo_forpatients.jpg?rev=819ea1b147f74a9c87e307fa9338c6f7&la=en&h=62&w=300&hash=4AECBCBED1FDB2F6FDCDACAEA3EA24BA" alt="RadInfo Logo" style="max-width:100%;margin-left:-15px;" /> <span class="hide-visibility">Home</span> </a> </header> </div>  <div class="navbar navbar-inverse" role="navigation" style="z-index:1; margin-left:-20px !important; margin-right: -20px !important;"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed pull-left" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse" style="height: 1px; margin-left:5px !important;"> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left search-query hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm form-inline" action="/search" role="search"> <div class="searchBar"> <input id="term-mobile" name="searchterm" title="Search" type="text" placeholder="Search" value="" aria-label="Search the site"> <button id="termsubmit-mobile" type="submit" aria-label="Submit Site search"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px;" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="#115871" d="M9.5,3A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 16,9.5C16,11.11 15.41,12.59 14.44,13.73L14.71,14H15.5L20.5,19L19,20.5L14,15.5V14.71L13.73,14.44C12.59,15.41 11.11,16 9.5,16A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 3,9.5A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 9.5,3M9.5,5C7,5 5,7 5,9.5C5,12 7,14 9.5,14C12,14 14,12 14,9.5C14,7 12,5 9.5,5Z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/" title="Home" > <span style="font-size: 1em" class="glyphicon glyphicon-home"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/test-treatment" >Tests and Treatments</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/pediatric" >Pediatric Care</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/screening" >Screening</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/disease-condition" >Diseases and Conditions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/patient-safety" >Safety</a> </li> <li> <a class="gold" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/es/info/anginapectoris"> En Espa帽ol </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="top"></div>  <div class="row"> <div id="main" class="col-md-8"> <div id="main-inner"> <div id="share-links"> <a title="Facebook Share" class="share-facebook-en" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris" aria-label="Facebook Share" role="button"></a> <a title="X (formerly Twitter)" class="share-twitter" target="_blank" href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?original_referer=https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&text=Angina+Pectoris&tw_p=tweetbutton&url=https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris" aria-label="X (formerly Twitter)" role="button"></a> <a title="PDF" class="view-PDF-en" target="_blank" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/anginapectoris?PdfExport=1" onclick="if (typeof trackPDFClick === 'function') { trackPDFClick(this); }" aria-label="PDF" role="button"> </a> </div> <h1>Angina Pectoris</h1> <p class="snapshot">Angina pectoris or angina is temporary chest pain or discomfort as a result of decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. Angina is not a heart attack, but it is a sign of increased risk for heart attack. Angina may be stable (develops during physical activity, lasts five minutes or less and is relieved with rest) or unstable (occurs during periods of rest, lasts longer, and symptoms may be more severe).</p> <p class="snapshot">Your doctor may perform an electrocardiogram (ECG), a stress test without imaging or blood tests to help diagnose your condition. Additionally, chest x-ray, chest CT, coronary CT angiography, cardiac MRI, coronary angiography, echocardiogram or stress test with imaging may be performed. Your physician may recommend certain lifestyle changes in addition to other treatment options, such as medication, surgery, or angioplasty and coronary stenting.</p> <div id="incontentvideo"> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div id="page-contents" class="no-columnize"> <ul> <li><a href="#e8aa8a82b0854248990ca889009c8808">What is angina pectoris?</a></li> <li><a href="#5924fec94b084511ae3028104d12065f">How is angina pectoris diagnosed and evaluated?</a></li> <li><a href="#63c1240f31fe4beba5dfaf196d873ea3">How is angina pectoris treated?</a></li> <li><a href="#d851df7795354ec7b9ea2feeb2fb0a21">Which test, procedure or treatment is best for me?</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="sectiondiv" id="e8aa8a82b0854248990ca889009c8808"> <h2 class="dontsplit">What is angina pectoris?</h2> <p>Angina pectoris, or just <a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=e0VFODQ2RDE4LUI4NTctNEY4OS04RjRDLTU4MUVGMzgzMzUxMH0=">angina</a>, is temporary chest pain or discomfort caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. Because of the decreased flow of blood, there is not enough oxygen to the heart muscle resulting in chest pain. <a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=ezQyNEYzNjZBLTQ1RkItNDI4Ri05N0QyLUJGNjkyRDAzQzc4Nn0=">Coronary artery disease</a>, which can result in narrowing of the coronary arteries that carry blood and oxygen to the heart muscle, is one of the most common causes of angina. While angina is not a heart attack, it does signal an increased risk for a heart attack. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any chest pain or discomfort.</p> <p>There are two main types of angina—stable and unstable. Stable angina, the most common type, develops during physical activity and usually lasts a short time (approximately five minutes or less) if the physical activity has ended. Unstable angina is less common and usually occurs during periods of rest. Unstable angina usually lasts longer and symptoms may be more severe. </p> <p>Symptoms of angina include:</p> <ul> <li>Chest pain or discomfort, such as tightening of the chest</li> <li>Discomfort in the jaw, neck, arms, upper abdomen, shoulder or back</li> <li>Fatigue</li> <li>Sweating</li> <li>Nausea</li> <li>Dizziness</li> </ul> <p>There are many risk factors associated with angina including, but not limited to, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, family history, tobacco use, stress and age.</p> </div> <p class="top-link"><a class="top" href="#top">top of page</a></p><div class="sectiondiv" id="5924fec94b084511ae3028104d12065f"> <h2 class="dontsplit">How is angina pectoris diagnosed and evaluated?</h2> <p>In order to diagnose the cause of angina, the following tests may be performed:</p> <ul> <li><a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=e0NBQjJCMEVDLTY1OEQtNDZGOS1CRDFDLTQwMTMwMjU5RUIwQn0=">Electrocardiogram (ECG)</a>: This test records the electrical activity of the heart, which is used to diagnose heart abnormalities such as arrhythmias or to show <a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=e0FCMkU3M0QzLUM4Q0MtNDc3RS1CMTFGLTI1MjMwRkNCNzEzOX0=">ischemia</a> (lack of oxygen and blood) to the heart.</li> <li><a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=ezk5RDBGRUZGLTUyREQtNDQ2Qi1BNjJDLURFMTk2QUUxMkM0NX0=">Stress test</a> without imaging: This heart-monitoring test is used to help evaluate how well the heart performs with activity. During a stress test, you will usually be asked to perform physical exercise, like walking on a treadmill. An ECG is recorded during the period of exercise. The ECG is assessed by your doctor to see if your heart reached an appropriate heart rate and if there were any changes to suggest decreased blood flow to your heart. If you are unable to perform exercise, medications that mimic the heart's response to exercise may be used.</li> <li>Blood tests: The tests can identify certain enzymes such as troponin that leak into the blood after your heart has suffered severe angina or a heart attack. Blood tests can also identify elevated cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides that place you at higher risk for coronary artery disease and therefore angina.</li> </ul> <p>Additionally, the following imaging tests may be performed:</p> <ul> <li><em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">Chest x-ray</a>: </em>This noninvasive imaging test helps your doctor rule out other sources of chest pain such as pneumonia. Imaging with x-rays involves exposing the chest to a small dose of radiation to produce pictures of the chest and heart. <em>See the <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-xray">Safety page</a> for more information about x-rays</em>.</li> <li><em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestct">CT of the chest</a>: </em>Chest CT is a more sensitive test than chest x-ray that can identify other causes of chest pain such as aortic disease or <em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bloodclot">blood clots</a></em> in the blood vessels of the lungs. This imaging test combines special x-ray equipment with sophisticated computers to produce multiple images of the chest and heart. <em>See the <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-xray">Safety page</a> for more information about x-rays</em>.</li> <li><em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct">Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography:</a></em> This exam evaluates the coronary arteries (blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart) to determine the extent of narrowing of the arteries due to plaque without the need for an invasive catheter feed through the arteries into the heart. <a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=e0FFRjY2NDY2LTcyQUMtNDc1Ni1BNTY1LTUyMTJBRjZGQzVDQX0=">Contrast material</a> is injected through a small line in the arm vein, similar to the ones used to draw blood.</li> <li><em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging</a>:</em> The primary purpose of this exam is to determine whether there is good blood flow to the heart muscle. If there are areas with decreased blood flow, this could indicate plaque with blood vessel narrowing. This blood flow evaluation may be done twice during the exam with the use of a contrast material. The first time may be performed after the administration of a pharmaceutical, which stresses the heart like exercise. The second time will be at rest. Performing the evaluation both with stress and rest helps determine if the decreased blood flow only occurs with exercise. This exam can also assess function of the heart and determine if there is any scar in the heart muscle. MRI machines use a powerful magnetic field, radio waves and a computer to produce detailed images. <em>See the <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/safety-mr">MRI Safety page</a> for more information about MRI</em>.</li> <li><em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">Catheter angiography</a>:</em> In this invasive imaging test, a thin, long plastic tube, called a catheter, is inserted into an artery in your groin or hand using a needle. The catheter is guided with a wire into the coronary arteries and is used to inject contrast material directly into the coronary arteries to determine whether there is any narrowing of the blood vessels. Images of the contrast material in the blood vessels are captured using x-rays. Narrowed portions of the vessels can be reopened using either a balloon or stents. </li> <li><a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=e0REQ0M0NDdBLTBCNjctNEM3Ni05RDMxLTZEQUNGOUQ1MkFFMn0=">Echocardiogram</a>: During this test, a transducer that produces high-frequency sound waves is used to create moving images of the heart. The motion of the walls of the heart is evaluated. If there is decreased motion within a portion of the wall of the heart, this could indicate decreased blood flow from narrowing of the coronary artery. Imaging can also be performed with a pharmaceutical agent stressing the heart to detect decreased motion in a portion of the heart muscle with stress.</li> <li>Myocardial <a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=e0VBODQ4MTA4LUEwQkMtNDAxMi05RDQ2LTI3MTY1QjAzNEYwMX0=">Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)</a>: This stress test with imaging is performed with a nuclear medicine tracer. During an imaging stress test, the patient is usually asked to perform some kind of physical exercise like walking on a treadmill. If the patient is unable to perform exercise for any reason, drugs that mimic the heart's response to exercise may be used. A radioactive tracer will be injected into the blood during the peak of exercise and images of the heart will be taken. The radioactive tracer flows with the blood and will show whether there is an area of the heart with decreased blood flow.</li> </ul> </div> <p class="top-link"><a class="top" href="#top">top of page</a></p><div class="sectiondiv" id="63c1240f31fe4beba5dfaf196d873ea3"> <h2 class="dontsplit">How is angina pectoris treated?</h2> <p>Many doctors may recommend certain lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, consuming a balanced diet low in fats, discontinuing the use of tobacco products and finding ways to reduce stress.</p> <p>Additionally, you may also be treated with:</p> <ul> <li>Medications such as aspirin, statins, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or nitrates, as well as newer lipid-lower agents such as PCSK9 inhibitors. </li> <li><em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioplasty">Angioplasty and coronary stenting</a>: </em>In selected cases, following appropriate testing, your doctor may perform angioplasty and stenting. This procedure, which uses balloons and/or stents, is performed to open the blockage in the coronary arteries and improve blood flow to the heart.</li> <li><a title="Glossary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#glModal" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary?modal=1&id=ezNCM0VBRTRDLUI0MDYtNDg3NS04RDcxLUQyMEU1NTZBMENCNX0=">Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)</a>: This surgery increases blood flow to the heart by using a vein, or an artery from elsewhere in the body to divert blood flow around the area of narrowing or blockage in the coronary arteries of the heart.</li> </ul> </div> <p class="top-link"><a class="top" href="#top">top of page</a></p><div class="sectiondiv" id="d851df7795354ec7b9ea2feeb2fb0a21"> <h2 class="dontsplit">Which test, procedure or treatment is best for me?</h2> <ul> <li><em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/acs-chest-pain-acute-coronary-syndrome">Chest Pain-Possible Acute Coronary Syndrome</a></em></li> <li><em><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/acs-chronic-chest-pain">Chronic Chest Pain — High Probability of Coronary Artery Disease</a></em></li> </ul> </div> <p class="top-link"><a class="top" href="#top">top of page</a></p> <p class="reviewdate"> This page was reviewed on October 15, 2023 </p> <form action="/formbuilder?sc_site=radinfo&fxb.FormItemId=c5898a94-8203-4a58-a474-3d7a7312cf0e&fxb.HtmlPrefix=fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e" data-ajax="true" data-ajax-method="Post" data-ajax-mode="replace-with" data-ajax-success=" jQuery.validator.unobtrusive.parse('#fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_c5898a94-8203-4a58-a474-3d7a7312cf0e'); jQuery.fxbFormTracker.texts=jQuery.fxbFormTracker.texts||{}; jQuery.fxbFormTracker.texts.expiredWebSession='Your session has expired. Please refresh this page.'; jQuery.fxbFormTracker.parse('#fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_c5898a94-8203-4a58-a474-3d7a7312cf0e'); jQuery.fxbConditions.parse('#fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_c5898a94-8203-4a58-a474-3d7a7312cf0e')" data-ajax-update="#fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_c5898a94-8203-4a58-a474-3d7a7312cf0e" data-sc-fxb="c5898a94-8203-4a58-a474-3d7a7312cf0e" enctype="multipart/form-data" id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_c5898a94-8203-4a58-a474-3d7a7312cf0e" method="post"><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_FormSessionId" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.FormSessionId" type="hidden" value="41f3e68c-818e-4366-9aab-e8fad6d6d7cc" /><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_IsSessionExpired" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.IsSessionExpired" type="hidden" value="0" /><input name="__RequestVerificationToken" type="hidden" value="y8WD2TCtW688cmcgDYEAd1QFBDEO_GpDovXI7d8uYAPiAmUmH4OJz3QEUVdr4VgWKCFpRwlGcOYfhCfb2IVqBcjvRDtMe77cN5pJKQhcLcY1" /><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_FormItemId" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.FormItemId" type="hidden" value="c5898a94-8203-4a58-a474-3d7a7312cf0e" /><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_PageItemId" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.PageItemId" type="hidden" value="1a4ee31a-099d-4f72-98f1-d41cb7d7de8f" /> <div class="feedback-content"> <h2 class="dontsplit">Send us your feedback</h2><div class=""> <div class=""> <div class="radiobutton"> <input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_Index_31d3a273-ebea-4047-9ddb-54dd1f05258c" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields.Index" type="hidden" value="31d3a273-ebea-4047-9ddb-54dd1f05258c" /><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_31d3a273-ebea-4047-9ddb-54dd1f05258c__ItemId" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[31d3a273-ebea-4047-9ddb-54dd1f05258c].ItemId" type="hidden" value="31d3a273-ebea-4047-9ddb-54dd1f05258c" /><label class="radio-label">Did you find the information you were looking for?</label> <label> <input type="radio" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[31d3a273-ebea-4047-9ddb-54dd1f05258c].Value" value="Sí" data-sc-tracking="True" data-sc-field-name="DidYouFind" />Yes </label> <label> <input type="radio" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[31d3a273-ebea-4047-9ddb-54dd1f05258c].Value" value="No" data-sc-tracking="True" data-sc-field-name="DidYouFind" />No </label> <span class="field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[31d3a273-ebea-4047-9ddb-54dd1f05258c].Value" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> </div> <p class="">Please type your comment or suggestion into the text box below. <strong>Note:</strong> we are unable to answer specific questions or offer individual medical advice or opinions.</p><div class="feedback-form-group"> <input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_Index_07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields.Index" type="hidden" value="07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985" /><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985__ItemId" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985].ItemId" type="hidden" value="07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985" /><label for="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985__Value" class="">Comments:</label> <textarea id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985__Value" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985].Value" class="form-control" rows="4" maxlength="512" placeholder="Comments" data-sc-tracking="True" data-sc-field-name="ccomments" ></textarea> <span class="field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[07ddddd8-2ff4-49d3-8489-a68ad70fc985].Value" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> </div> <div class=""> <input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_Index_33256dc9-6aa2-44fe-9b38-2279253a8404" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields.Index" type="hidden" value="33256dc9-6aa2-44fe-9b38-2279253a8404" /><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_33256dc9-6aa2-44fe-9b38-2279253a8404__ItemId" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[33256dc9-6aa2-44fe-9b38-2279253a8404].ItemId" type="hidden" value="33256dc9-6aa2-44fe-9b38-2279253a8404" /><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_33256dc9-6aa2-44fe-9b38-2279253a8404__Value" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[33256dc9-6aa2-44fe-9b38-2279253a8404].Value" class="" type="hidden" value="" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var hiddenField = document.getElementById("fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_33256dc9-6aa2-44fe-9b38-2279253a8404__Value"); hiddenField.value = window.location.href; var parent = hiddenField.parentNode; if (parent.classList.contains("sc-formdesign-fieldcontainer")) { var textDiv = document.createElement("div"); textDiv.innerHTML = "(Hidden referring URL field)"; parent.appendChild(textDiv); } </script> </div> <div class=""> <input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_Index_a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields.Index" type="hidden" value="a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1" /><input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1__ItemId" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1].ItemId" type="hidden" value="a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1" /> <div id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1__CaptchaValue_wrapper"></div> <input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1__CaptchaValue" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1].CaptchaValue" type="hidden" class="fxt-captcha" data-val-required="Please confirm you are not a robot." data-val="true" /> <span class="field-validation-valid" data-valmsg-for="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.Fields[a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1].CaptchaValue" data-valmsg-replace="true"></span> <script type="text/javascript"> var reCaptchaArray = reCaptchaArray || []; reCaptchaArray.push( function() { var _captchaInput = window.document.getElementById('fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1__CaptchaValue'); window.grecaptcha.render('fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_Fields_a0c5b025-8877-4a30-aa49-5669e08fccb1__CaptchaValue_wrapper', { 'sitekey': '6LdWABoTAAAAAHi0J9yPV-yoAro2e34-jI9e1Lh3', 'callback': function(token) { _captchaInput.value = token; }, 'expired-callback': function(args) { _captchaInput.value = ''; } }); } ); </script> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=loadReCaptchas&render=explicit&hl=en" async defer></script> <input value="Submit" type="submit" class="button inverse" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.bd0091f4-9cdd-433c-b78e-66b3503eed88" /> <input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_NavigationButtons" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.NavigationButtons" type="hidden" value="bd0091f4-9cdd-433c-b78e-66b3503eed88" /> <input id="fxb_d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e_bd0091f4-9cdd-433c-b78e-66b3503eed88" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.bd0091f4-9cdd-433c-b78e-66b3503eed88" type="hidden" value="1" /> <input value="Clear form" type="reset" class="button cancel" name="fxb.d3510dac-d897-4330-92d8-1442cb12f24e.a6038e2c-e11b-4ee7-9e01-5822ff7b7e05" /> </div>  </div> </div> <input type="hidden" data-sc-fxb-condition value='{}'/> </form> </div> </div> <div id="ri-rtcol" class="col-md-4"> <p class="colorhead dontsplit">Images</p> <div id="galModal0" class="modal fade galModal" aria-labelledby="galleryheading0" aria-hidden="true" style="display: none;"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">脳</button> <h2 id="galleryheading0" class="modal-title dontsplit">Image Gallery</h2> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/radinfo/gallery-items/images/r-to-t/senior-patient-and-radiologist-consultation.jpg?rev=d3047ff32ef14145b27a82838cbccf2d&hash=B6E4CC77CBE1889721D2389737BD6287" alt="Radiologist and patient consultation. "> </p> <p>Radiologist and patient consultation. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#galModal0"> <div class="photoholder" id="friendlyimage0"> <img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/radinfo/gallery-items/images/r-to-t/senior-patient-and-radiologist-consultation.jpg?rev=d3047ff32ef14145b27a82838cbccf2d&hash=B6E4CC77CBE1889721D2389737BD6287" alt="Radiologist and patient consultation. "> <span class="enlarge">View full size with caption</span> </div> </a> <div id="related"> <p class="colorhead dontsplit">Related Articles and Media</p> <div class="left-pad"> <ul> <li class="dontsplit"><a class="fullURL" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocath">Catheter Angiography</a></li> <li class="dontsplit"><a class="fullURL" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiocoroct">Coronary CTA</a></li> <li class="dontsplit"><a class="fullURL" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angiomr">MR Angiography (MRA)</a></li> <li class="dontsplit"><a class="fullURL" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/angioplasty">Angioplasty and Vascular Stenting</a></li> <li class="dontsplit"><a class="fullURL" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/cardinuclear">Cardiac Nuclear Medicine</a></li> <li class="dontsplit"><a class="fullURL" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestct">Chest CT</a></li> <li class="dontsplit"><a class="fullURL" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/chestrad">Chest X-ray</a></li> <li class="dontsplit"><a class="fullURL" href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/ct_calscoring">Cardiac CT for Calcium Scoring</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aboutsite" style="padding-bottom:15px"> <p class="colorhead dontsplit">Sponsored By</p> <div> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/about-acr" class="sponsored-logo" aria-label="About ACR" title="About ACR" ><img src="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/radinfo/logos/new-acr-stacked-color-150x100.png?rev=d183b18e9c8d44cfb353db86ed4443e4&la=en&h=100&w=150&hash=B5E902F5026051C41AE63FEED482CC81" alt="American College of Radiology" /></a><a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/about-rsna" class="sponsored-logo" aria-label="About RSNA" title="About RSNA" ><img src="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/-/media/radinfo/logos/new_rsna_signature_logo_rgb3.png?rev=469d236aa3f94550991351688f86c4af&la=en&h=100&w=150&hash=3A72963E2C57E838B05B27560EAFBA7C" alt="Radiological Society of North America" /></a> </div> </div><div id="eop-info" class="glance small"> <p class="please-note dontsplit" role="heading" aria-level="4">Please note</p> <p><em>RadiologyInfo.org</em> is not a medical facility. Please contact your physician with specific medical questions or for a referral to a radiologist or other physician. To locate a medical imaging or radiation oncology provider in your community, you can search the <a class="externalURL" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.acraccreditation.org/accredited-facility-search" target="_blank">ACR-accredited facilities database</a>. </p> <p><strong>This website does not provide cost information.</strong> The costs for specific medical imaging tests, treatments and procedures may vary by geographic region. Discuss the fees associated with your prescribed procedure with your doctor, the medical facility staff and/or your insurance provider to get a better understanding of the possible charges you will incur.</p> <p><strong>Web page review process:</strong> This Web page is reviewed regularly by a physician with expertise in the medical area presented and is further reviewed by committees from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR), comprising physicians with expertise in several radiologic areas.</p> <p><strong>Outside links:</strong> For the convenience of our users, <em>RadiologyInfo</em>.org provides links to relevant websites. <em>RadiologyInfo.org</em>, RSNA and ACR are not responsible for the content contained on the web pages found at these links.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row" style="clear:both;"> <footer class="col-xs-12"> <div id="footer-nav"> <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/about-us" >About</a> | <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/contact-us" >Contact</a> | <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/faq" >FAQ</a> | <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/glossary-index" >Glossary</a> | <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/downloads" >Physician Resources</a> | <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/professions" >Professions</a> | <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/sitemap" >Site Map</a> | <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/about-privacy" >Privacy</a> | <a href="https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/about-terms-of-use" >Terms of Use</a> <br> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/radiologyinfo?ref=sgm" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook" target="_blank" title="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" role="button" > <span class="radinfo-facebook"></span> </a> <a href="https://x.com/radiologyinfo_" aria-label="Follow us on X" target="_blank" title="X (formerly Twitter)" rel="noopener noreferrer" role="button" > <span class="radinfo-twitter"></span> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/radinfo4patients/" aria-label="Follow us on Instagram" target="_blank" title="Instagram" rel="noopener noreferrer" role="button" > <span class="radinfo-rss"></span> </a> </div> <p class="small"> Copyright © 2024 Radiological Society of North America, Inc. (RSNA).<br> To help ensure current and accurate information, we do not permit copying but encourage linking to this site. </p> </footer> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-validate/1.15.0/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-validate/1.15.0/additional-methods.min.js"></script> <script src="/bundles/feedback.js?v="></script> <script> // PREVENT CACHING OF GLOSSARY PAGE IN MODAL $(document).ready(function () { $(".modal").on('hidden.bs.modal', function () { $(this).data('bs.modal', null); }); }); </script> <div class="modal fade" id="glModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/knockout/3.3.0/knockout-min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/bundles/knockout.js?v=dD2H_HJqhbiQ83vyng5RsXxv1easNhVpxVSoCfZLMaQ1"></script> <script src="/bundles/plugins.js?v=HrBVsItBux0XRaSuTkOvHRqXA8yW3DQS8tUNwHpQxjM1"></script> <script>jwplayer.key = "IDwfFk1/79IiHaen+wLsPVw5txauElXQ7izFmysRKu1C8GN9";</script> </div> <script> function pausePlayers(playing) { for (var i = 1; i < 5; i++) { if (i != playing) { jwplayer("player" + i).pause(true); } } }; if ($.isFunction(window.jwPlayerCallBackPlayer1)) { //execute it jwPlayerCallBackPlayer1(); } if ($.isFunction(window.jwPlayerCallBackPlayer2)) { //execute it jwPlayerCallBackPlayer2(); } if ($.isFunction(window.jwPlayerCallBackPlayer3)) { //execute it jwPlayerCallBackPlayer3(); } if ($.isFunction(window.jwPlayerCallBackPlayer4)) { //execute it jwPlayerCallBackPlayer4(); } </script> <script src="/js/cookie-policy-en.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $('#page-contents').not('.no-columnize').columnize({ padding: 50, width: 500,lastNeverTallest: true }); $('.twoColumns').columnize({ columns: 2,lastNeverTallest: true }); $('li, h1, h2, h3, h4').addClass('dontsplit'); $('.split').removeClass('dontsplit'); }); </script> <script> var fileExtensionsToTrack = ["ashx","pdf","docx","doc","ppt", "mp4","zip","xls","xlsx"]; var includedHosts = ["www.radiologyinfo.org","stage.radiologyinfo.org","dev.radiologyinfo.org","auth.radiologyinfo.org","stageauth.radiologyinfo.org","devauth.radiologyinfo.org"]; $(document).ready(function () { $('body').on('click', 'a', function(event) { var isProd = top.location.host.indexOf("stage") === -1 && top.location.host.indexOf("dev") === -1; var linkHost = this.host; if (linkHost === null || this.getAttribute('href') === null) return; var url = $(this).attr('href').split('?')[0]; //remove query parameters var l = includedHosts.length; var validHost = false; for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) { if (linkHost.indexOf(includedHosts[i]) > -1) { validHost = true; break; } } if (!validHost) return; //make sure the link is to one of the included sites if (!url.startsWith('http')) {//fix relative URLs url = window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + url; } var lUrl = url.toLowerCase(); var lastPart = lUrl.substr(lUrl.lastIndexOf('/') + 1); var lIndex = lastPart.lastIndexOf('.'); if (lIndex === -1) return; //exit if the URL has no extension var ext = lastPart.substr(lIndex + 1); //console.log(ext); if (fileExtensionsToTrack.indexOf(ext) > -1) { if (!isProd) console.log("Radinfo GA Tracking Event For: " + url.toLowerCase()); if (isProd) ga('send','event', 'download','click',url.toLowerCase(),0,{'nonInteraction': false}); } }); }); function trackPDFClick(elem) { var isProd = top.location.host.indexOf("stage") === -1 && top.location.host.indexOf("dev") === -1; var el = jQuery(elem); var href = (typeof(el.attr('href')) != 'undefined' ) ? el.attr('href') : ''; href = href.split('?')[0]; //remove query parameters if (!href.startsWith('http')) { href = window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + href; } if (isProd) ga('send','event', 'download','click',href.toLowerCase(),0,{'nonInteraction': false}); if (!isProd) console.log("Radinfo GA Tracking Event (trackPDFClick) For: " + href.toLowerCase()); } </script></body> </html>