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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_a_l%27antiga_Roma" title="Medicina a l'antiga Roma – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medicina a l'antiga Roma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_in_ancient_Rome" title="Medicine in ancient Rome – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Medicine in ancient Rome" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_en_la_Antigua_Roma" title="Medicina en la Antigua Roma – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medicina en la Antigua Roma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پزشکی در روم باستان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پزشکی در روم باستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roomalainen_l%C3%A4%C3%A4ketiede" title="Roomalainen lääketiede – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roomalainen lääketiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decine_durant_l%27Antiquit%C3%A9_romaine" title="Médecine durant l'Antiquité romaine – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médecine durant l'Antiquité romaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հռոմէական Բժշկութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հռոմէական Բժշկութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran_Romawi_kuno" title="Kedokteran Romawi kuno – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kedokteran Romawi kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_romana" title="Medicina romana – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medicina romana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_medicinae_Romanae" title="Historia medicinae Romanae – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Historia medicinae Romanae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Медицината во Стар Рим – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Медицината во Стар Рим" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medycyna_staro%C5%BCytnego_Rzymu" title="Medycyna starożytnego Rzymu – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medycyna starożytnego Rzymu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_na_Roma_Antiga" title="Medicina na Roma Antiga – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medicina na Roma Antiga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_zdravni%C5%A1ka_kirurgija" title="Rimska zdravniška kirurgija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rimska zdravniška kirurgija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina_starog_Rima" title="Medicina starog Rima – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Medicina starog Rima" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Медицина Стародавнього Риму – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_in_ancient_Rome" class="extiw" title="en:Medicine in ancient Rome">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年2月23日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>古羅馬醫學</b>是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="傳統醫學">傳統醫學</a>，它深受<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊医学">古希腊医学</a>的影响。古罗马医学分为<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="眼科学">眼科学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91" title="泌尿外科">泌尿外科</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%88%E7%A7%91" title="醫學專科">醫學專科</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="醫院">醫院</a>是古羅馬醫學的成就之一<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E5%80%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="蓋倫">蓋倫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF" title="凯尔苏斯">凱爾蘇斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="阿斯克莱皮亚德斯">阿斯克莱皮亚德斯</a>是古羅馬醫學中比較知名的醫生<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">张大庆主编,医学史,北京大学医学出版社,2003.08,第23页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&rft.btitle=%E5%BC%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%BA%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96%2C%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%2C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%2C2003.08%2C%E7%AC%AC23%E9%A1%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#cite_web_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">程之范，宋之琪编著,简明医学史,北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1990.04,第10页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&rft.btitle=%E7%A8%8B%E4%B9%8B%E8%8C%83%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%8B%E4%B9%8B%E7%90%AA%E7%BC%96%E8%91%97%2C%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%2C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%8C%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%8C%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%2C1990.04%2C%E7%AC%AC10%E9%A1%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#cite_web_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">王三虎，史文丽，董晓建主编,医学史,第四军医大学印刷厂,2002.03,第20页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%89%E8%99%8E%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BD%EF%BC%8C%E8%91%A3%E6%99%93%E5%BB%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96%2C%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%2C%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%86%9B%E5%8C%BB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%8E%82%2C2002.03%2C%E7%AC%AC20%E9%A1%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#cite_web_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">李志平等主编,医学史,黑龙江人民出版社,1994.12,第22页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%8E%E5%BF%97%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96%2C%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%2C%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%2C1994.12%2C%E7%AC%AC22%E9%A1%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#cite_web_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 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title="传统医学">传统医学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中医学">中医学</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中医学">漢醫學</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%9D%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="越南東醫學">越南東醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="韓醫學">韓醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%B9%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="日本漢方醫學">日本漢方醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="和方醫學" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="和方医学"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E6%96%B9%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和方醫學（页面不存在）">和方醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:和方医学"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">和方医学</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="藏醫學">藏醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="維吾爾族醫學">维醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="蒙醫學">蒙醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B2%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="畲医学">畲医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="傣醫學">傣医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="壮医学">壮医学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈医学（页面不存在）">哈医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="瑶医学">瑶医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="苗医学">苗医学</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg/200px-Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg/300px-Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg/400px-Arabic_herbal_medicine_guidebook.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">南亞和東南亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="阿育吠陀">阿育吠陀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佳木(醫聊)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jamu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%B3%E6%9C%A8(%E9%86%AB%E8%81%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佳木(醫聊)（页面不存在）">佳木</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamu" class="extiw" title="en:Jamu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jamu</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E9%81%94%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="悉達醫學">悉達醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯里蘭卡傳統醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sri Lankan traditional medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯里蘭卡傳統醫學（页面不存在）">斯里蘭卡傳統醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankan_traditional_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Sri Lankan traditional medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sri Lankan traditional medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="泰醫學">泰醫學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%89%E8%8D%AF" title="泰国草药">泰国草药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BC%8F%E6%8C%89%E6%91%A9" title="泰式按摩">泰式按摩</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地中海和西亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="古埃及醫學">古埃及醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊医学">古希臘醫學</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">古羅馬醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波斯醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Iranian medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波斯醫學（页面不存在）">波斯醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Iranian medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Iranian medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拜占庭醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Byzantine medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拜占庭醫學（页面不存在）">拜占庭醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Byzantine medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Byzantine medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E7%99%82%E6%B3%95" title="民間療法">民間療法</a>（南歐、阿拉伯地區）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中世纪伊斯兰世界的医学">中世紀伊斯蘭世界醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%82%A3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="尤那尼医学">尤那尼医学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊波加" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iboga"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%A2%E5%8A%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊波加（页面不存在）">伊波加</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iboga" class="extiw" title="en:Iboga"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iboga</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慕提" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muti"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%95%E6%8F%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慕提（页面不存在）">慕提</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muti" class="extiw" title="en:Muti"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muti</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恩甘加" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nganga"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E7%94%98%E5%8A%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩甘加（页面不存在）">恩甘加</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nganga" class="extiw" title="en:Nganga"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nganga</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="傳統豪萨醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Traditional_Hausa_medicine]"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E8%B1%AA%E8%90%A8%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傳統豪萨醫學（页面不存在）">傳統豪萨醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Traditional_Hausa_medicine]</span>]]</span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="傳統非洲醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Traditional African medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傳統非洲醫學（页面不存在）">傳統非洲醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Traditional African medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Traditional African medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南非傳統醫療師" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Traditional healers of South Africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南非傳統醫療師（页面不存在）">南非傳統醫療師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_South_Africa" class="extiw" title="en:Traditional healers of South Africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Traditional healers of South Africa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="約魯巴醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yorùbá medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約魯巴醫學（页面不存在）">約魯巴醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yor%C3%B9b%C3%A1_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Yorùbá medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yorùbá medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">美洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿茲特克醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aztec medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿茲特克醫學（页面不存在）">阿茲特克醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Aztec medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aztec medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库兰德罗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Curandero"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库兰德罗（页面不存在）">库兰德罗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curandero" class="extiw" title="en:Curandero"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Curandero</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬雅醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maya medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%9B%85%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬雅醫學（页面不存在）">馬雅醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Maya medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maya medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="醫藥輪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medicine wheel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AB%E8%97%A5%E8%BC%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="醫藥輪（页面不存在）">醫藥輪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine_wheel" class="extiw" title="en:Medicine wheel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medicine wheel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西傳統醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brazilian traditional medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西傳統醫學（页面不存在）">巴西傳統醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_traditional_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Brazilian traditional medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brazilian traditional medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">大洋洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亚土著药典" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bush medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%97%E8%8D%AF%E5%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚土著药典（页面不存在）">澳大利亚土著药典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Bush medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bush medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">普遍</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="替代医学">替代醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="民族醫學">民族醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="替代醫學史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of alternative medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="替代醫學史（页面不存在）">替代醫學史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:History of alternative medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of alternative medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="醫療衛生">醫療衛生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E8%97%A5%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="草藥醫學">草藥醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="體液學說">體液學說</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E6%B6%B2" title="黏液">黏液</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="體液學說">黃膽汁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%AA" title="體液學說">黑膽汁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液">血液</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藥用植物保存" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medicinal plant conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A5%E7%94%A8%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藥用植物保存（页面不存在）">藥用植物保存</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plant_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:Medicinal plant conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medicinal plant conservation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀西歐醫學">中世紀西歐醫學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="自然醫學">自然醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遠古醫學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prehistoric medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A0%E5%8F%A4%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遠古醫學（页面不存在）">遠古醫學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Prehistoric medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prehistoric medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A6%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="巫覡宗教">巫覡宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93" title="醫療占星術">醫療占星術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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