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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1189</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 136 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1189 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1189 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF" title="১১৮৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১১৮৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_n%C3%AE" title="1189 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1189 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189." title="1189. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1189." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۱۸۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%EB%85%84" title="1189년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1189년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189." title="1189. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1189." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১১৮৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১১৮৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1189-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1189-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1189 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1189 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1189 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1189 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B8" title="1189 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1189 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189._gads" title="1189. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1189. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_m." title="1189 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1189 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. ११८९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. ११८९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9" title="۱۱۸۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۱۸۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1189 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1189 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् ११८९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् ११८९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AE%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୧୮୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୧୮୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1189 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1189 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="११८९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="११८९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%D8%B9" title="1189ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1189ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A9" title="١١٨٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١١٨٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1189 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1189 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1732" title="พ.ศ. 1732 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1732" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1189" title="Соли 1189 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1189" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%D8%A1" title="1189ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1189ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189%E5%B9%B4" title="1189年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1189年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1189" title="1189 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1189" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19735" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1160s" title="1160s">1160s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1170s" title="1170s">1170s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1180s" title="1180s">1180s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1190s" title="1190s">1190s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1200s_(decade)" title="1200s (decade)">1200s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1186" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1186">1186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1187" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1187">1187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1188" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1188">1188</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1189" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1189">1189</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1190" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1190">1190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1191" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1191">1191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1192" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1192">1192</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1189" title="Category:1189">1189 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1189&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1189 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1189" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1189">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_12th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 12th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1189_births" title="Category:1189 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1189_deaths" title="Category:1189 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1189_establishments" title="Category:1189 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1189_disestablishments" title="Category:1189 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1189_in_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="1189 in poetry">1189 in poetry</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1189 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1189<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCLXXXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>1942</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>638<br />ԹՎ ՈԼԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>5939</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1110–1111</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>596</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2139</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>35 <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Hen. 2</a> – 1 <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Ric. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>1733</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>551</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>6697–6698</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊申</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />3886 or 3679<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己酉年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />3887 or 3680</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>905–906</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2355</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1181–1182</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>4949–4950</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1245–1246</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1110–1111</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4289–4290</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11189</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>189–190</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>567–568</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>584–585</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bunji_(era)" title="Bunji (era)">Bunji</a> 5<br />(文治５年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1096–1097</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1189<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCLXXXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3522</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>723 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前723年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−279</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a></td><td>1500/1501 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Graecorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Graecorum">AG</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>1731–1732</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土猴年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(zodiac)" title="Monkey (zodiac)">Monkey</a>)<br />1315 or 934 or 162<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土鸡年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">Rooster</a>)<br />1316 or 935 or 163</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_coeur_de_lion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Richard_coeur_de_lion.jpg/300px-Richard_coeur_de_lion.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Richard_coeur_de_lion.jpg/450px-Richard_coeur_de_lion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Richard_coeur_de_lion.jpg/600px-Richard_coeur_de_lion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a></b>, King of England from 1189</figcaption></figure> <p>Year <b>1189</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCLXXXIX</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday" title="Common year starting on Sunday">common year starting on Sunday</a> (link will display the full calendar) of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. In <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a>, 1189 - specifically the beginning of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a> - is considered the end of <a href="/wiki/Time_immemorial" title="Time immemorial">time immemorial</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_place">By place</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Continental_Europe">Continental Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Continental Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick I</a> (Barbarossa) sets out from <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>, at the head of a German expeditionary force (some 15,000 men, including 4,000 knights). He has ensured that his lands are safe while he is away on crusade and leaves his son <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a> in charge of the country. After leaving <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a>, Frederick's army is increased by a contingent of 2,000 men led by Prince <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za,_son_of_G%C3%A9za_II_of_Hungary" title="Géza, son of Géza II of Hungary">Géza</a>, younger brother of King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_III_of_Hungary" title="Béla III of Hungary">Béla III of Hungary</a>. On <a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a>, he arrives at <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> and is welcomed by <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a>, Grand Prince of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Grand Principality of Serbia">Serbia</a>. In order to ease his passage, Frederick makes diplomatic contacts with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000%E2%80%931301)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)">Hungary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and the Seljuk <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a> ("Curtmantle") dies at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chinon" title="Château de Chinon">Château de Chinon</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>, after doing homage to <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II</a> (Augustus), and surrendering the territories around <a href="/wiki/Issoudun" title="Issoudun">Issoudun</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a>. He ends the hostilities against Philip, by agreeing to the peace terms and pays him 20,000 marks in <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a>. Henry is succeeded by his son, <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a> ("the Lionheart"), as ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and his remaining territories in France.<sup id="cite_ref-King_John'_1961._p._38_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_John'_1961._p._38-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August – Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a> denies any crusader access and begins to hinder the German forces who try to cross his frontier. Frederick I progresses with force, by capturing <a href="/wiki/Philippopolis_(Thrace)" title="Philippopolis (Thrace)">Philippopolis</a> and defeats a Byzantine army (some 3,000 men) that attempts to recapture the city. The Germans are delayed for six months in <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ban_Kulin" title="Ban Kulin">Ban Kulin</a>, Bosnian ruler, writes the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Ban_Kulin" title="Charter of Ban Kulin">Charter of Ban Kulin</a>, which becomes a symbolic "birth certificate" of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a> language and statehood.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Sancho_I_of_Portugal" title="Sancho I of Portugal">Sancho I of Portugal</a> ("the Populator") turns his attention towards the Moorish small kingdoms (called <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">taifas</a>) and begins a campaign in the south of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">his kingdom</a>. With the help of crusader forces he conquers the town of <a href="/wiki/Silves,_Portugal" title="Silves, Portugal">Silves</a>. He orders the fortification of the city, builds a castle and styles himself "King of Silves".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – King <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Sicily" title="William II of Sicily">William II of Sicily</a> ("the Good"), having made peace with Emperor Isaac II and abandoned <a href="/wiki/Thessalonika" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonika">Thessalonika</a> and other conquests, dies childless at <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>. The Sicilian nobles elect <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Tancred, King of Sicily">Tancred of Lecce</a> (illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II</a>) as the new ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>, instead of Princess <a href="/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Constance, Queen of Sicily">Constance</a> and her husband Henry VI, to avoid German rule.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Frederick I grants <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> the status of a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial city</a> and tax-free access (or <a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">free-trade zone</a>) up the <a href="/wiki/Unterelbe" title="Unterelbe">Lower Elbe</a> into the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. He also grants the right to fish, to cut trees and the freedom of military service.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Britain">Britain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>August – <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshal</a> marries the 17-year-old <a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_Clare,_4th_Countess_of_Pembroke" title="Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke">Isabel de Clare</a> (daughter of <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke">Richard de Clare</a>). Through this marriage, he becomes 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a>, acquiring huge estates in England, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Normandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – Richard I is crowned king of England in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. During the coronation, a number of notable Jews are expelled from the banquet and rumours spread that Richard has ordered a massacre of the Jews. This causes an actual <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_England_(1066%E2%80%931290)#Massacres_at_London_and_York_(1189–1190)" title="History of the Jews in England (1066–1290)">massacre of the Jews in London</a>; among those killed is <a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Jacob of Orléans">Jacob of Orléans</a>, a respected French Jewish scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-King_John'_1961._p._38_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_John'_1961._p._38-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – King <a href="/wiki/William_the_Lion" title="William the Lion">William I</a> ("the Lion") of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> gives Richard I 10,000 marks to buy his kingdom's independence. This overturns the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Falaise" title="Treaty of Falaise">Treaty of Falaise</a> which William had to sign when he was captured in <a href="/wiki/1174" title="1174">1174</a>.</li> <li>December – Richard I sets sail with a crusader army from <a href="/wiki/Dover_Castle" title="Dover Castle">Dover Castle</a> to <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a>. To ensure he has the allegiance of his brother <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a>, Richard approves of his marriage to their cousin <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Countess_of_Gloucester" title="Isabella, Countess of Gloucester">Isabella of Gloucester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-King_John'_1961._p._38_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_John'_1961._p._38-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Winter – John awards land to <a href="/wiki/Bertram_de_Verdun#Bertram_III_de_Verdun" title="Bertram de Verdun">Bertram de Verdun</a>, a Norman nobleman, and grants <a href="/wiki/Dundalk" title="Dundalk">Dundalk</a> its charter with town privileges; it becomes a strategic Anglo-Norman stronghold in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Levant">Levant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>May – <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> has reconquered the Crusader <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> except for <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a>. The castles of <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(castle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal (castle)">Montréal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerak_Castle" title="Kerak Castle">Kerak</a> are captured by Muslim forces. In the north, Saladin has regained the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> except for <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> and the castle of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr,_Syria" title="Al-Qusayr, Syria">Al-Qusayr</a> in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">Siege of Acre</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a> moves from Tyre, where <a href="/wiki/Conrad_of_Montferrat" title="Conrad of Montferrat">Conrad of Montferrat</a> refuses to hand over the city. Guy and his crusader army (some 7,000 men, including 400 knights) besiege <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>. He makes camp outside, to wait for more reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September – Guy of Lusignan receives reinforcements of some 12,000 men from <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, Germany, England, France, and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>. He encircles Acre with a double line of fortified positions. On <a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a>, Saladin launches a failed attack on Guy's camp.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – Guy of Lusignan leads the crusader forces to launch a full-on assault on Saladin's camp. With heavy casualties on both sides, neither force gains the upperhand. On <a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a>, Saladin moves his camp from Acre to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – An Egyptian fleet (some 50 ships) breaks through the crusader blockade at Acre and reinforces the port-city with some 10,000 men, as well as food and weapons.</li> <li>December – An Egyptian fleet reopens communications with Acre. The rest of the winter passes without major incidents, but the supply situation is poor in the besieged city.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaozong_of_Song" title="Emperor Xiaozong of Song">Xiaozong</a> abdicates in favour of his son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangzong_of_Song" title="Emperor Guangzong of Song">Guangzong</a> as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. Xiaozong becomes a <i><a href="/wiki/Taishang_Huang" title="Taishang Huang">Taishang Huang</a></i> ("Retired Emperor") and remains as the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> ruler of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_Nasir_al-Din_Muhammad" title="Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad">Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad</a>, Ayyubid sultan (d. <a href="/wiki/1217" title="1217">1217</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archambaud_VIII_of_Bourbon" title="Archambaud VIII of Bourbon">Archambaud VIII</a> ("the Great"), Bourbon <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1242" title="1242">1242</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Castile_(died_1211)" title="Ferdinand of Castile (died 1211)">Ferdinand of Castile</a>, Spanish prince (<i><a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">infante</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1211" title="1211">1211</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pettinaio" title="Pietro Pettinaio">Pietro Pettinaio</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Comb" title="Comb">comb</a>-maker and saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1289" title="1289">1289</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nolasco" title="Peter Nolasco">Peter Nolasco</a>, French religious leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1256" title="1256">1256</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skule_B%C3%A5rdsson" title="Skule Bårdsson">Skule Bårdsson</a>, Norwegian nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1240" title="1240">1240</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukaphaa" title="Sukaphaa">Sukaphaa</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ahom_kingdom" title="Ahom kingdom">Ahom kingdom</a> in Assam (d. <a href="/wiki/1268" title="1268">1268</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Marcy" title="Henry of Marcy">Henry of Marcy</a>, French cardinal-bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1136" title="1136">1136</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shizong_of_Jin" title="Emperor Shizong of Jin">Shizong</a> (or Wulu), Chinese emperor (b. <a href="/wiki/1123" title="1123">1123</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_of_Sempringham" title="Gilbert of Sempringham">Gilbert of Sempringham</a>, English priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1085" title="1085">1085</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Humbert_III,_Count_of_Savoy" title="Humbert III, Count of Savoy">Humbert III</a> ("the Blessed"), count of <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> (b. 1136)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Frederick, Duke of Bohemia">Frederick</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bohemia" title="Duchy of Bohemia">Bohemia</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty" title="Přemyslid dynasty">House of Přemyslid</a>)</li> <li>c. April – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_de_Cressy" title="Hugh de Cressy">Hugh de Cressy</a>, Norman nobleman and constable</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoshitsune" title="Minamoto no Yoshitsune">Minamoto no Yoshitsune</a>, Japanese general (b. <a href="/wiki/1159" title="1159">1159</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Folmar_of_Karden" title="Folmar of Karden">Folmar of Karden</a>, German archbishop (b. 1135)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_England,_Duchess_of_Saxony" title="Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony">Matilda of England</a>, duchess of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Saxony" title="Duchy of Saxony">Saxony</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1156" title="1156">1156</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1133" title="1133">1133</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Princess_Muneko" title="Princess Muneko">Muneko</a>, Japanese princess and empress (b. <a href="/wiki/1126" title="1126">1126</a>)</li> <li>August 20 or 21 – <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ridel_(bishop_of_Ely)" title="Geoffrey Ridel (bishop of Ely)">Geoffrey Ridel</a>, English bishop and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Jacob of Orléans">Jacob of Orléans</a>, French Jewish scholar</li> <li>c. September – <a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_York" title="Benedict of York">Benedict of York</a>, English banker and <a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">moneylender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_of_Brienne" title="André of Brienne">André of Brienne</a>, French nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1135" title="1135">1135</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_de_Ridefort" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard de Ridefort">Gerard de Ridefort</a>, Flemish <a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Templar" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Templar">Grand Master</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1140" title="1140">1140</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Yasuhira" title="Fujiwara no Yasuhira">Fujiwara no Yasuhira</a>, Japanese nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1155" title="1155">1155</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Sicily" title="William II of Sicily">William II</a> ("the Good"), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1153" title="1153">1153</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_de_Mandeville,_3rd_Earl_of_Essex" title="William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex">William de Mandeville</a>, English nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anvari" title="Anvari">Anvari</a>, Persian astronomer, poet and writer (b. 1126)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benkei" title="Benkei">Benkei</a>, Japanese warrior monk (<i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dhei" title="Sōhei">sōhei</a></i>) (b. 1155)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conchobar_Maenmaige_Ua_Conchobair" title="Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair">Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair</a>, Irish king (assassinated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon,_Count_of_Montaigu_and_Duras" title="Conon, Count of Montaigu and Duras">Conon II</a> (or Cono), count of <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Montaigu" title="Counts of Montaigu">Montaigu</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Duras" title="County of Duras">Duras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Hungary,_Duchess_of_Bohemia" title="Elizabeth of Hungary, Duchess of Bohemia">Elizabeth of Hungary</a>, German duchess (b. <a href="/wiki/1145" title="1145">1145</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_de_Paduinan" title="Hugh de Paduinan">Hugh de Paduinan</a>, Scoto-Norman nobleman and Crusader (b. 1140)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Morville" title="Richard de Morville">Richard de Morville</a>, Scottish <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Constable_of_Scotland" title="Lord High Constable of Scotland">Lord High Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Bobone_(12th_century)" title="Romano Bobone (12th century)">Romano Bobone</a>, Italian cardinal and papal legate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Tracy" title="William de Tracy">William de Tracy</a>, English nobleman and knight</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1189&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freed, John (2016). <i>Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth</i>, pp. 491–492. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-122763" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-122763">978-0-300-122763</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King_John'_1961._p._38-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King_John'_1961._p._38_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_John'_1961._p._38_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_John'_1961._p._38_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1961" class="citation book cs1">Warren, W. Lewis (1961). <i>King John</i>. University of California Press. pp. 38–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+John&rft.pages=38-40&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=W.+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1189" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold, Warren (1997). <i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i>, p. 658. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2">0-8047-2630-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Wendell David, ed. <i><a href="/wiki/De_itinere_navali" title="De itinere navali">Narratio de Itinere Navali Peregrinorum Hierosolymam Tendentium et Silviam Capientium, A.D. 1189</a></i>. In <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>, p. 81. (Dec., 1939): 591–676.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1990). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East 1100–1187</i>, p. 403. Penguin Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verg, Erich; Verg, Martin (2007), Das Abenteuer das Hamburg heißt (in German) (4th ed.), Hamburg: Ellert&Richter, ISBN 978-3-8319-0137-1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gosling, Paul (1991). <i>From Dún Delca to Dundalk: The Topography and Archaeology of a Medieval Frontier Town A.D. c. 1187–1700.</i>, p. 237. Journal of the County Louth Archaeological and Historical Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Nicolle" title="David Nicolle">David Nicolle</a> (2011). Osprey: Command 12 – Saladin, p. 37. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-317-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-317-1">978-1-84908-317-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 – Saladin, p. 40. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-317-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-317-1">978-1-84908-317-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cartwright, Mark (2018). <i>The Siege of Acre, 1189–91 CE</i>. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1263/">https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1263/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 – Saladin, p. 38. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-317-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-317-1">978-1-84908-317-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xiong, Victor Cunrui; Hammond, Kenneth J. (2018). <i>Routledge Handbook of Imperial Chinese History</i>, p. 302. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317-53-822-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317-53-822-6">978-1317-53-822-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-II-king-of-England">"Henry II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Henry+II+%7C+Biography%2C+Accomplishments%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHenry-II-king-of-England&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1189" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1189&oldid=1212386568">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1189&oldid=1212386568</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1189" title="Category:1189">1189</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2011">Use mdy dates from February 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 March 2024, at 16:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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