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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch civil servant (born 1965)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Van Zwol</i>, not <i> Zwol</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Richard van Zwol</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1965-02-08</span>) </span>8 February 1965<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 59)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-RvS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RvS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tilburg_University" title="Tilburg University">Tilburg University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Civil servant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard van Zwol</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈriɕɑrt<span class="wrap"> </span>fɑn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈzʋɔl]</a></span>; born 8 February 1965) is a Dutch civil servant who has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="Council of State (Netherlands)">Council of State</a> since 2017. He led three government ministries as secretary general: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">General Affairs</a> (2007–2011), <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">Finance</a> (2011–2013) and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">Interior and Kingdom Relations</a> (2013–2017). A member of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> (CDA), Van Zwol has been involved in several <a href="/wiki/Dutch_cabinet_formation" title="Dutch cabinet formation">cabinet formations</a>, including as <a href="/wiki/Formateur" title="Formateur">formateur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Informateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Informateur">informateur</a> <a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Dutch_cabinet_formation" title="2023–2024 Dutch cabinet formation">in 2023–2024</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_van_Zwol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van Zwol studied legal public administration and <a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">public finance</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tilburg_University" title="Tilburg University">Tilburg University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RvS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RvS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a close advisor to prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Wim Kok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Peter_Balkenende" title="Jan Peter Balkenende">Jan Peter Balkenende</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rutte" title="Mark Rutte">Mark Rutte</a>, leading newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/NRC_(newspaper)" title="NRC (newspaper)">NRC</a></i> to call him a "hidden force of the Dutch government". He helped write the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition agreement">coalition agreement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Kok_cabinet" title="First Kok cabinet">first Kok cabinet</a> in 1994, reportedly due to him being the only civil servant with proficiency in the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a> spreadsheet editor.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nd_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 2007, Van Zwol consecutively served as secretary general of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">Ministries of General Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)">of Finance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_and_Kingdom_Relations" title="Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations">of the Interior and Kingdom Relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> (CDA), and he was involved in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Second Balkenende cabinet">second</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Third Balkenende cabinet">third</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Balkenende_cabinet" title="Fourth Balkenende cabinet">fourth Balkenende cabinets</a> as secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-nd_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became a state councilor at the advisory division of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="Council of State (Netherlands)">Council of State</a> in October 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-RvS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RvS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrently, he served as chair of the CDA's think tank between 2018 and 2022, and he investigated the CDA's loss of seats in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nd_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van Zwol has argued that the rule of law and local governments would have to be strengthened to heal the relationship between the government and citizens. He has also stressed the importance of a service-oriented government.<sup id="cite_ref-nrc_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van Zwol chairs the <a href="/wiki/Supervisory_board" title="Supervisory board">supervisory board</a> of the Dutch branch of accounting firm <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">EY</a>, and he led the State Commission on Demographic Developments 2050, which published its conclusions in January 2024. It advised the Dutch government to reduce migration while still preventing a population decline.<sup id="cite_ref-nd_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nd-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 March 2024 – as part of the <a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Dutch_cabinet_formation" title="2023–2024 Dutch cabinet formation">2023–2024 Dutch cabinet formation</a> – <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a> selected Van Zwol to serve as <a href="/wiki/Informateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Informateur">informateur</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Elbert_Dijkgraaf" title="Elbert Dijkgraaf">Elbert Dijkgraaf</a>. They were tasked with investigating a <a href="/wiki/Governing_coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Governing coalition">governing coalition</a> with a concise agreement between the PVV, <a href="/wiki/VVD" class="mw-redirect" title="VVD">VVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Social_Contract" title="New Social Contract">NSC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">BBB</a> as recommended by their predecessor <a href="/wiki/Kim_Putters" title="Kim Putters">Kim Putters</a> within eight weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-rtl_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtl-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van Zwol and Dijkgraaf managed to successfully facilitate the formation of a coalition, and they handed the agreement titled "Hope, Courage, and Pride" to the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a> in the night of 16 May 2024 – two hours after the expiration of their deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van Zwol was chosen to lead the next phase as <a href="/wiki/Formateur" title="Formateur">formateur</a>. He was charged with forming a cabinet, of which half its members are from outside the political sphere – as had been agreed upon by the four parties under informateur Putters.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Schoof_cabinet" title="Schoof cabinet">The cabinet</a>, consisting of 29 members and headed by <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a>, was sworn in on 2 July 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van Zwol had declined to become prime minister himself.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_van_Zwol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RvS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RvS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RvS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RvS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raadvanstate.nl/overrvs/organisatie/leden-staatsraden/cv-s-leden-en/drs-richard-zwol/">"Drs. R. (Richard) van Zwol"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="Council of State (Netherlands)">Council of State</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+of+State&rft.atitle=Drs.+R.+%28Richard%29+van+Zwol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raadvanstate.nl%2Foverrvs%2Forganisatie%2Fleden-staatsraden%2Fcv-s-leden-en%2Fdrs-richard-zwol%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nrc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrc_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerixKönig2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Derix, Steven; König, Eppo (20 March 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/03/20/nieuwe-informateurs-sgper-die-alles-weet-van-financien-en-cdaer-met-lange-staat-van-dienst-in-ambtelijk-den-haag-a4193616">"Nieuwe informateurs: SGP'er die alles weet van financiën en CDA'er met lange staat van dienst in ambtelijk Den Haag"</a></span> [New informateurs: SGP member who knows everything about finances and CDA member with an extensive civil career in The Hague]. <i><a href="/wiki/NRC_(newspaper)" title="NRC (newspaper)">NRC</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=Nieuwe+informateurs%3A+SGP%27er+die+alles+weet+van+financi%C3%ABn+en+CDA%27er+met+lange+staat+van+dienst+in+ambtelijk+Den+Haag&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=Derix&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=K%C3%B6nig%2C+Eppo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2024%2F03%2F20%2Fnieuwe-informateurs-sgper-die-alles-weet-van-financien-en-cdaer-met-lange-staat-van-dienst-in-ambtelijk-den-haag-a4193616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nd-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nd_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nd_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nd_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nd_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_den_Bovenkamp2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van den Bovenkamp, Niels (20 March 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nd.nl/nieuws/politiek/1217132/topadviseur-van-drie-premiers-moet-de-formatie-in-een-nieuwe-">"Topadviseur van drie premiers moet de formatie tot een goed einde brengen: wie is Richard van Zwol?"</a></span> [High-level advisor of three prime ministers tasked with bringing the formation to a successful conclusion: Who is Richard van Zwol?]. <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlands_Dagblad" title="Nederlands Dagblad">Nederlands Dagblad</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nederlands+Dagblad&rft.atitle=Topadviseur+van+drie+premiers+moet+de+formatie+tot+een+goed+einde+brengen%3A+wie+is+Richard+van+Zwol%3F&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=Van+den+Bovenkamp&rft.aufirst=Niels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fpolitiek%2F1217132%2Ftopadviseur-van-drie-premiers-moet-de-formatie-in-een-nieuwe-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVon_Piekartz2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Von Piekartz, Hessel (20 March 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/politiek/richard-van-zwol-mag-zich-weer-over-een-moeilijke-puzzel-buigen-de-formatie~bfbeaa52/">"Richard van Zwol mag zich weer over een moeilijke puzzel buigen: de formatie"</a></span> [Richard van Zwol can deal with another complicated problem: The formation]. <i><a href="/wiki/De_Volkskrant" title="De Volkskrant">de Volkskrant</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=de+Volkskrant&rft.atitle=Richard+van+Zwol+mag+zich+weer+over+een+moeilijke+puzzel+buigen%3A+de+formatie&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=Von+Piekartz&rft.aufirst=Hessel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkskrant.nl%2Fpolitiek%2Frichard-van-zwol-mag-zich-weer-over-een-moeilijke-puzzel-buigen-de-formatie~bfbeaa52%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_HordeWolzak2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">De Horde, Cor; Wolzak, Marine (20 March 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fd.nl/politiek/1511500/eindelijk-gaan-pvv-vvd-nsc-en-bbb-hard-onderhandelen-over-plannen">"Eindelijk gaan PVV, VVD, NSC en BBB 'hard onderhandelen'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span> [PVV, VVD, NSC, and BBB will finally start 'tough negotiations']. <i><a href="/wiki/Het_Financieele_Dagblad" title="Het Financieele Dagblad">Het Financieele Dagblad</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Het+Financieele+Dagblad&rft.atitle=Eindelijk+gaan+PVV%2C+VVD%2C+NSC+en+BBB+%27hard+onderhandelen%27&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=De+Horde&rft.aufirst=Cor&rft.au=Wolzak%2C+Marine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffd.nl%2Fpolitiek%2F1511500%2Feindelijk-gaan-pvv-vvd-nsc-en-bbb-hard-onderhandelen-over-plannen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStolwijk2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stolwijk, Daphne (20 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnr.nl/nieuws/nieuws-politiek/10543282/de-nieuwe-informateurs-lijken-geknipt-voor-de-taak">"De nieuwe informateurs lijken geknipt voor de taak"</a> [The new informateurs are seemingly created for their new task]. <i><a href="/wiki/BNR_Nieuwsradio" class="mw-redirect" title="BNR Nieuwsradio">BNR Nieuwsradio</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BNR+Nieuwsradio&rft.atitle=De+nieuwe+informateurs+lijken+geknipt+voor+de+taak&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft.aulast=Stolwijk&rft.aufirst=Daphne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnr.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fnieuws-politiek%2F10543282%2Fde-nieuwe-informateurs-lijken-geknipt-voor-de-taak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rtl-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rtl_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/politiek/artikel/5441127/wilders-draagt-dijkgraaf-en-van-zwol-voor-als-nieuwe-informateurs">"Wilders draagt Dijkgraaf en Van Zwol voor als nieuwe informateurs"</a> [Wilders proposes Dijkgraaf en Van Zwol as new informateurs]. <i><a href="/wiki/RTL_Nieuws" title="RTL Nieuws">RTL Nieuws</a></i> (in Dutch). 20 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTL+Nieuws&rft.atitle=Wilders+draagt+Dijkgraaf+en+Van+Zwol+voor+als+nieuwe+informateurs&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtlnieuws.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fpolitiek%2Fartikel%2F5441127%2Fwilders-draagt-dijkgraaf-en-van-zwol-voor-als-nieuwe-informateurs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandeman2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brandeman, Ilse (21 March 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nd.nl/nieuws/politiek/1217339/hoe-willen-de-nieuwe-informateurs-het-aanpakken-volgende-week">"Hoe willen de nieuwe informateurs het aanpakken? Volgende week begint 'het oefenen'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span> [How will the new informateurs act? 'Practice' will start next week]. <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlands_Dagblad" title="Nederlands Dagblad">Nederlands Dagblad</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nederlands+Dagblad&rft.atitle=Hoe+willen+de+nieuwe+informateurs+het+aanpakken%3F+Volgende+week+begint+%27het+oefenen%27&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft.aulast=Brandeman&rft.aufirst=Ilse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nd.nl%2Fnieuws%2Fpolitiek%2F1217339%2Fhoe-willen-de-nieuwe-informateurs-het-aanpakken-volgende-week&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/collectie/13962/liveblog/2520280-partijleiders-nu-definitief-akkoord-presentatie-verschoven-naar-vanochtend">"Partijleiders nu definitief akkoord • Presentatie verschoven naar vanochtend"</a> [Party leaders definitively in agreement • Presentation postponed to this morning]. <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></i> (in Dutch). 16 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Partijleiders+nu+definitief+akkoord+%E2%80%A2+Presentatie+verschoven+naar+vanochtend&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fcollectie%2F13962%2Fliveblog%2F2520280-partijleiders-nu-definitief-akkoord-presentatie-verschoven-naar-vanochtend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/collectie/13962/artikel/2520754-hoe-nu-verder-nog-weken-werk-te-doen-voor-nieuw-kabinet-op-bordes-staat">"Hoe nu verder? Nog 'weken' werk te doen voor nieuw kabinet op bordes staat"</a> [How to continue? Still 'weeks' of work left before a new cabinet will be presented]. <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></i> (in Dutch). 16 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Hoe+nu+verder%3F+Nog+%27weken%27+werk+te+doen+voor+nieuw+kabinet+op+bordes+staat&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fcollectie%2F13962%2Fartikel%2F2520754-hoe-nu-verder-nog-weken-werk-te-doen-voor-nieuw-kabinet-op-bordes-staat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/liveblog/2526853-kabinet-bezuiniging-op-ambtenaren-moet-verantwoord-en-realiseerbaar-schoof-op-bezoek-bij-koning#UPDATE-container-78672291">"Beoogd-ministers hebben er zin in"</a> [Ministers-designate are eager]. <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></i> (in Dutch). 1 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Beoogd-ministers+hebben+er+zin+in&rft.date=2024-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fliveblog%2F2526853-kabinet-bezuiniging-op-ambtenaren-moet-verantwoord-en-realiseerbaar-schoof-op-bezoek-bij-koning%23UPDATE-container-78672291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoedeman2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hoedeman, Jan (25 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ad.nl/redactie/schoof/">"Zo belandde Schoof in het torentje"</a> [This is how Schoof ended up in the <i>Torentje</i>]. <i><a href="/wiki/Algemeen_Dagblad" title="Algemeen Dagblad">Algemeen Dagblad</a></i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Algemeen+Dagblad&rft.atitle=Zo+belandde+Schoof+in+het+torentje&rft.date=2024-11-25&rft.aulast=Hoedeman&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ad.nl%2Fredactie%2Fschoof%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+van+Zwol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_van_Zwol&oldid=1260114402">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_van_Zwol&oldid=1260114402</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1965_births" title="Category:1965 births">1965 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tilburg_University_alumni" title="Category:Tilburg University alumni">Tilburg University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Dutch_civil_servants" title="Category:21st-century Dutch civil servants">21st-century Dutch civil servants</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use American English from March 2024">Use American English from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2024">Use dmy dates from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Dutch_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Dutch IPA">Pages with Dutch IPA</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 22:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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