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alt=""/> <p class="img-caption"> Chan Ho-tin is the founder of the pro-independence Hong Kong National Party. <span class="img-credit"> © Reuters </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="article-box detail"> <div class="wysiwyg_area"> <div class="articleBodyText"> <p><b>HONG KONG</b> For more than a quarter century, Hong Kong has remained the sole place on Chinese soil where the deadly Tiananmen Square crackdown is commemorated with marches and a massive candlelight vigil. This year, however, the lights may be a little dimmer and the crowds smaller, as some disgruntled groups are opting out, saying the focus should instead be on Hong Kong's own democracy problems.</p><p><b>SPLINTERING OFF</b> In the summer of 1989, People's Liberation Army troops armed with rifles and tanks crushed a weekslong student-led protest in central Beijing. Initiated on June 4, the crackdown saw more than 1,000 unarmed students and civilians killed, according to estimates by eyewitnesses, though Beijing has never provided an official death toll.</p><div class="page_limit free"></div><div class="page_limit"></div><p>The people of Hong Kong responded by gathering on June 4 each year for marches and holding a vigil in Victoria Park to remember the victims through songs and videos featuring Chinese dissidents.</p><p>But some student leaders have decided not to attend this year, the 27th anniversary of the crackdown, forcing the organizer to cancel the student portion of the speeches, a tradition that has always symbolized a passing of the pro-democracy torch to a new generation. There are other signs of discord: A May 29 march to Beijing's liaison office in Hong Kong -- backed by the same organizer as the June 4 event -- saw the lowest turnout since 2008. The organizer says 1,500 people attended, but the police put the figure at just 780.</p><p>The rift comes at a critical political juncture. The so-called Umbrella Movement -- peaceful pro-democracy demonstrations that paralyzed parts of Hong Kong in 2014 -- ultimately failed to gain any concessions from Beijing on universal suffrage for the 2017 vote to elect the territory's chief executive. For many of the young people who took part in the 79-day protests, the bitter lesson was that chanting slogans and lighting candles alone was not enough to win the fight for democracy.</p><p>The Hong Kong Federation of Students, one of the territory's oldest student groups and a leading force in the Umbrella Movement, will skip the vigil for the second year in a row. In April, the federation -- one of the founders of the June 4 event -- announced its withdrawal, complaining that the proceedings had become too "formal."</p><p>Criticism of the event is coming from other quarters as well. Among the so-called localists -- radical groups who want to see total separation between Hong Kong and mainland China -- some have questioned whether June 4 should be commemorated at all, saying perhaps it would be best to put the interests of Hong Kongers first. Localists are gaining strength in the runup to the September election for the 70-seat Legislative Council, Hong Kong's de facto parliament.</p><p>"We should help [ourselves] first because Hong Kong is dying," said Chan Ho-tin, 25, chairman of the pro-independence Hong Kong National Party. Like some student groups, Chan takes issue with the organizer's focus on building a democratic China -- a traditional slogan of the vigil. "It is OK to help others only if Hong Kong becomes an independent country and we are safe."</p><p>Mainland China's growing encroachment on Hong Kong's economy and freedoms has many in the territory nervous about their future. The city is guaranteed a "high degree of autonomy" until 2047 under the "one country, two systems" framework that leaders in Beijing and London agreed upon when Hong Kong was still a British colony.</p><p>However, recent friction with shoppers from the mainland who snap up products in bulk for resale back home, and the alleged abduction of Hong Kong booksellers critical of Chinese leaders have exacerbated already-tense relations. The world's first museum dedicated to the Tiananmen crackdown will shut its doors in Hong Kong later this year, with the owners claiming they are under political pressure.</p><div class="page_break auto free"></div><div class="page_break auto"></div><p><b>THREAT OF VIOLENCE</b> Some in Hong Kong are spooked by the possibility of a Tiananmen happening on their soil. Zhang Rongshun, vice chairman of the Basic Law Committee under China's top legislative body, was quoted by pro-Beijing members as saying that China would have "guns and cannons" to address the rising tide of independence movements in Hong Kong.</p><p>On June 4 this year, the Hong Kong National Party's Chan will be speaking at a forum jointly organized by the Chinese University of Hong Kong and 10 other schools. The theme of the event, which the organizers expect to draw about 2,000 people, will be "reimagining" the meaning of June 4. There will be no candlelight vigil or silent tribute to the victims of the crackdown.</p><p>Students at the University of Hong Kong, meanwhile, have been holding their own June 4 event since last year. This year's gathering will be held on campus and forgo the usual candles. It will include a public forum with such speakers as Edward Leung, 24, a spokesperson for pro-independence group Hong Kong Indigenous, following a moment of silence for the victims of the Tiananmen crackdown.</p><p>"We don't mean to forget about history, but June 4 should never only be an occasion to vent our sentiment collectively," said Althea Suen, student body president at the university. She said a discussion about Hong Kong's future is more "immediate" for the territory.</p><p>Students from Hong Kong Polytechnic University and other universities are planning separate activities outside a shopping mall just a 10-minute walk from where the main vigil will be held. Radical group Civic Passion will organize alternative rallies in five districts around Hong Kong on the same day.</p><div class="object-right"> <div class="object-right fb"> <div class="object-right"> <div class="js_enlarge"> <a href="javascript:%20void(0);" class="mwTrg" alt="zoom_118567"> <div class="image-side"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604163611im_/http://asia.nikkei.com/var/site_cache/storage/images/node_43/node_51/magazine/20160602/20160530_albert_ho/4575218-1-eng-GB/20160530_Albert_Ho_middle_320.jpg" alt="" class=""><p class="date-area img-caption"> Albert Ho Chun-yan, center, attends a May 23 press conference ahead of this year's June 4 vigil. (Photo by Jennifer Lo) </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="modal-zoom" id="zoom_118567"> <a href="javascript:%20void(0);" class="js_close fb">Close</a> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604163611im_/http://asia.nikkei.com/var/site_cache/storage/images/node_43/node_51/magazine/20160602/20160530_albert_ho/4575218-1-eng-GB/20160530_Albert_Ho_article_main_image.jpg" alt="" class=""><p class="date-area"> Albert Ho Chun-yan, center, attends a May 23 press conference ahead of this year's June 4 vigil. (Photo by Jennifer Lo) </p> </div> </div> </div> </div><p>Until the Umbrella Movement happened, the annual June 4 vigil had been a unifying force for Hong Kong's pro-democracy activists. And members of the vigil's organizing body -- the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China -- have been staunch supporters of democracy in the territory.</p><p>But the alliance has been under fire for turning the vigil into an emotional ritual rather than using it as a catalyst for furthering the cause of democracy through concrete measures. Labor Party lawmaker Lee Cheuk-yan, a core member of the alliance, does not see it that way. He argues that sea of candlelight would remain the "strongest denunciation" of the Chinese Communist Party and serve as a "reminder" for the rest of the world about the Tiananmen crackdown.</p><p>"I can't say I am not upset," said alliance Chairman Albert Ho Chun-yan, referring to the split with the student bodies. "Students have been the forerunner and conscience of the whole [June 4] movement."</p><div class="object-left"> <div class="object-left fb"> <div class="object-left"> <div class="js_enlarge"> <a href="javascript:%20void(0);" class="mwTrg" alt="zoom_118568"> <div class="image-side"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604163611im_/http://asia.nikkei.com/var/site_cache/storage/images/node_43/node_51/magazine/20160602/20160530_-paul_liu/4575261-2-eng-GB/20160530_-Paul_Liu_middle_320.jpg" alt="" class=""><p class="date-area img-caption"> Student leader Paul Liu Chun-sing, second from left, said on May 25 that no one can "claim ownership" of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movements. (Photo by Jennifer Lo) </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="modal-zoom" id="zoom_118568"> <a href="javascript:%20void(0);" class="js_close fb">Close</a> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604163611im_/http://asia.nikkei.com/var/site_cache/storage/images/node_43/node_51/magazine/20160602/20160530_-paul_liu/4575261-2-eng-GB/20160530_-Paul_Liu_article_main_image.jpg" alt="" class=""><p class="date-area"> Student leader Paul Liu Chun-sing, second from left, said on May 25 that no one can "claim ownership" of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movements. (Photo by Jennifer Lo) </p> </div> </div> </div> </div><p>The veteran democrat insists that June 4 should be a day for commemoration only. "You can always discuss the future of Hong Kong on another day," Ho told reporters in late May. The alliance expects some 100,000 people to join this year's vigil, which will be held under the theme "Stop arbitrary arrests, end dictatorial rule." The vigil drew 130,000 participants last year, according to the alliance, and a record 180,000 in 2014.</p><p>But some students do not feel comfortable with the status quo. "The June 4 movement is not a religion and the alliance not a religious organization," said Paul Liu Chun-sing, external vice president of Shue Yan University's student union, one of the organizers of the forum at Chinese University.</p><p>"No one can claim ownership of any pro-democracy movements," he said, adding that the rise of alternative rallies is just a sign that democracy movements have "blossomed" across the territory.</p><p><b>GENERATION GAP</b> Benson Wong, who teaches politics at Hong Kong Baptist University, said the vigil needs "some new vigor" to re-engage participants, especially younger people, as they will be the leaders of tomorrow's democracy movements. One way to do that, he said, is for the organizer to "localize" it by drawing connections to contemporary issues relevant to young people.</p><p>After all, this is a generation that did not witness the events of 1989. "You can't put all the blame on them. It is hard to imagine they would feel comfortable chanting slogans they have little idea about. ... I am worried the vigil will wither eventually without sorting this out," Wong said.</p><p><i>Nikkei staff writer Zia Zheng in Hong Kong contributed to this story.</i></p> </div> </div> <div id="modal-screen_zoom"></div> </div> <div class="pagination no-border"></div> <div class="mgzNextArticleBoxWrap "> <div class="mnabL"> <a href="/web/20160604163611/http://asia.nikkei.com/magazine/20160602-THE-BUSINESS-of-HALAL/Politics-Economy/Michael-Auslin-What-the-Hiroshima-visit-reveals-about-Obama">prev link</a> <div class="mnabImg"> <img src="/web/20160604163611im_/http://asia.nikkei.com/var/site_cache/storage/images/node_43/node_51/magazine/20160602/20160601_obama_wreath2/4589191-1-eng-GB/20160601_Obama_wreath2_small_thumbnail.jpg" width="80" alt=""/> </div> <div class="mnabTxt"> <h4>Politics & Economy</h4> Michael Auslin: What the Hiroshima visit reveals about Obama </div> </div> <div class="mnabR"> <a href="/web/20160604163611/http://asia.nikkei.com/magazine/20160602-THE-BUSINESS-of-HALAL/Politics-Economy/A-month-before-elections-Mongolia-s-economy-is-in-shambles">next link</a> <div class="mnabImg"> <img src="/web/20160604163611im_/http://asia.nikkei.com/var/site_cache/storage/images/node_43/node_51/magazine/20160602/20160530_ger_district1/4574410-1-eng-GB/20160530_Ger_District1_small_thumbnail.jpg" width="80" alt=""/> </div> <div class="mnabTxt"> <h4>Politics & Economy</h4> A month before elections, Mongolia's economy is in shambles </div> </div> </div> <div class="more"><a href="/web/20160604163611/http://asia.nikkei.com/magazine/20160602-THE-BUSINESS-of-HALAL">Go to index of 20160602 THE BUSINESS of HALAL</a></div> <div class="related-list"> <p class="related-header">Related stories</p> <ul class="point-list"> <li><a href="/web/20160604163611/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Tsai-s-inauguration-stresses-Taiwan-s-identity"><span class="sub-title-s">China up close: </span>Tsai's inauguration stresses Taiwan's identity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160604163611/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Minxin-Pei-Two-ways-to-break-Beijing-s-political-stalemate"><span class="sub-title-s">Commentary: </span>Minxin Pei -- Two ways to break Beijing's political stalemate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160604163611/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Jimmy-Lai-still-dashing-to-freedom-in-Hong-Kong"><span class="sub-title-s">Interview: </span>Jimmy Lai still dashing to freedom in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160604163611/http://asia.nikkei.com/Politics-Economy/Policy-Politics/Jimmy-Lai-Media-tycoon-chooses-freedom-over-profit">Jimmy Lai: Media tycoon chooses freedom over profit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20160604163611/http://asia.nikkei.com/Viewpoints/Viewpoints/China-s-black-box-of-mutinous-secrets"><span class="sub-title-s">Keith B. 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