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<div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Nama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pra-sejarah_dan_sejarah_kuno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pra-sejarah_dan_sejarah_kuno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pra-sejarah dan sejarah kuno </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pra-sejarah_dan_sejarah_kuno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemukiman_Arab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemukiman_Arab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Pemukiman Arab </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemukiman_Arab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imamah_Oman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imamah_Oman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Imamah Oman </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imamah_Oman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinasti_Nabhani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinasti_Nabhani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Dinasti Nabhani </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinasti_Nabhani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_Portugis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_Portugis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Era Portugis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_Portugis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinasti_Yaruba_(1624–1744)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinasti_Yaruba_(1624–1744)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Dinasti Yaruba (1624–1744) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinasti_Yaruba_(1624–1744)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abad_ke-18_dan_ke-19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abad_ke-18_dan_ke-19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abad_ke-18_dan_ke-19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kolonisasi_de_facto_Inggris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolonisasi_de_facto_Inggris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.1 Kolonisasi de facto Inggris </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolonisasi_de_facto_Inggris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perjanjian_Seeb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perjanjian_Seeb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7.2 Perjanjian Seeb </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perjanjian_Seeb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemerintahan_Sultan_Said_(1932–1970)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemerintahan_Sultan_Said_(1932–1970)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Pemerintahan Sultan Said (1932–1970) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemerintahan_Sultan_Said_(1932–1970)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perang_Jebel_Akhdar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perang_Jebel_Akhdar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.1 Perang Jebel Akhdar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perang_Jebel_Akhdar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemberontakan_Dhofar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemberontakan_Dhofar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.2 Pemberontakan Dhofar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemberontakan_Dhofar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemerintahan_Sultan_Qaboos_(1970–2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemerintahan_Sultan_Qaboos_(1970–2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Pemerintahan Sultan Qaboos (1970–2020) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemerintahan_Sultan_Qaboos_(1970–2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemerintahan_Sultan_Haitham_(2020–sekarang)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemerintahan_Sultan_Haitham_(2020–sekarang)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Pemerintahan Sultan Haitham (2020–sekarang) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemerintahan_Sultan_Haitham_(2020–sekarang)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geografi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Geografi </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Iklim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_iklim_Muskat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_iklim_Muskat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Data iklim Muskat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_iklim_Muskat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_iklim_Salalah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_iklim_Salalah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Data iklim Salalah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_iklim_Salalah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber_daya_alam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_daya_alam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Sumber daya alam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber_daya_alam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keanekaragaman_hayati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keanekaragaman_hayati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Keanekaragaman hayati </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keanekaragaman_hayati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politik </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Politik </button> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistem_hukum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_hukum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Sistem hukum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistem_hukum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kebijakan_luar_negeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kebijakan_luar_negeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Kebijakan luar negeri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kebijakan_luar_negeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Militer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hak_Asasi_Manusia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hak_Asasi_Manusia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Hak Asasi Manusia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hak_Asasi_Manusia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembagian_administratif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembagian_administratif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Pembagian administratif </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembagian_administratif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Ekonomi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demografi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Demografi </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Agama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Budaya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Galeri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Lihat pula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lebih_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bacaan lebih lanjut </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oman</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 236 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-236" aria-hidden="true" > 236 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95" title="ኦማን – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦማን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaan" title="Omaan – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Omaan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلطنة عمان – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلطنة عمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%98%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܥܘܡܐܢ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܘܡܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="عومان (بلاد) – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عومان (بلاد)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلطنة عمان – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلطنة عمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ওমান – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ওমান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ГӀуман – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀуман" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عومان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عومان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omans" title="Omans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Omans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аман – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аман – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ওমান – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨོ་མན། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨོ་མན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ওমান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ওমান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨕᨚᨆᨊ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨚᨆᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ӏоман – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏоман" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عومان – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عومان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92man" title="Òman – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Òman" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Uman" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%A2%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ޢުމާން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޢުމާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ομάν – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omano" title="Omano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Omano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaan" title="Omaan – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Omaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaan" title="Omaan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Omaan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaan" title="Omaan – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Omaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93man" title="Óman – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Óman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A0n" title="Omàn – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Omàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A3" title="Omã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Omã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="ઓમાન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઓમાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Omaan" title="Yn Omaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Omaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOmana" title="ʻOmana – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻOmana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="עומאן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עומאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A0n" title="Omàn – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Omàn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Օման – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Օման – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Օման" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93man" title="Óman – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Óman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="オマーン – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オマーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ომანი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ომანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90umman" title="Ɛumman – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ɛumman" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="អូម៉ង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អូម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಒಮಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒಮಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A7%8C" title="오만 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8F%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عُمان – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عُمان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omana" title="Omana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Omana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Uman" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92man" title="Òman – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Òman" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omanas" title="Omanas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Omanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C4%81na" title="Omāna – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Omāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94m%C3%A0na" title="Ômàna – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ômàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C4%81na" title="Omāna – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Omāna" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഒമാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒമാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯣꯃꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯣꯃꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အိုမန်နိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုမန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عمان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidilt%C5%82ish_Shizhah%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bidiltłish Shizhahí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bidiltłish Shizhahí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaan" title="Omaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Omaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଓମାନ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଓମାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਉਮਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaan" title="Omaan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Omaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عمان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A3" title="Omã – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Omã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uman" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omani" title="Omani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Omani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ओमान – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ओमान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱳᱢᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱳᱢᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A0n" title="Omàn – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Omàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Uman" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عمان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဢူဝ်ႇမၢၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢူဝ်ႇမၢၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%95%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ඕමානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඕමානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="عمان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omani" title="Omani – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Omani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omani" title="Omani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Omani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumaan" title="Cumaan – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cumaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omani" title="Omani – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Omani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMani" title="IMani – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omani" title="Omani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Omani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%AFm%C5%AFn" title="Uůmůn – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Uůmůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓமான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓமான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఒమన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఒమన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A1n" title="Omán – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Omán" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Умон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Умон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศโอมาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศโอมาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOmani" title="ʻOmani – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻOmani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umman" title="Umman – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Umman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئومان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئومان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Оман – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عمان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ummon_Sultonligi" title="Ummon Sultonligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ummon Sultonligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om%C3%A0n" title="Omàn – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Omàn" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lom%C3%A4n" title="Lomän – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lomän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaan" title="Omaan – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Omaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ომანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ომანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="אמאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אמאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaan" title="Omaan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Omaan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%84%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵏ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵄⵓⵎⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="阿曼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oman" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿曼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q842#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q">Halaman istimewa</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oman&oldid=26501596" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini">Pranala permanen</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oman&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini">Informasi halaman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Oman&id=26501596&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini">Kutip halaman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOman">Lihat URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOman">Unduh kode QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Oman">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Oman&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oman&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9)" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q842" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333525">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-protection" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Semi-protection-shackle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Halaman yang dilindungi semi"><img alt="Halaman yang dilindungi semi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/60px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/80px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Penyuntingan Artikel oleh pengguna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kelompok_pengguna#Pengguna_baru" title="Wikipedia:Kelompok pengguna">baru</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kelompok_pengguna#Pengguna_anonim" title="Wikipedia:Kelompok pengguna">anonim</a> untuk saat ini <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pelindungan" title="Bantuan:Pelindungan">tidak diizinkan</a> hingga 7 Januari 2025. Lihat <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_pelindungan" title="Wikipedia:Kebijakan pelindungan">kebijakan pelindungan</a> dan <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istimewa%3ALog&page=Oman&type=protect">log pelindungan</a> untuk informasi selengkapnya. Jika Anda tidak dapat menyunting Artikel ini dan Anda ingin melakukannya, Anda dapat memohon <a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan%3AOman&preload=Templat%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Templat%3AEdit+semi-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Permintaan+penyuntingan+halaman+dilindungi+sebagian+pada+23+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+semi-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Oman">permintaan penyuntingan</a>, diskusikan perubahan yang ingin dilakukan di <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Oman#top" title="Pembicaraan:Oman">halaman pembicaraan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection#Current_requests_for_reduction_in_protection_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">memohon untuk melepaskan pelindungan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Masuk_log" title="Istimewa:Masuk log">masuk</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Masuk_log/signup" title="Istimewa:Masuk log/signup">buatlah sebuah akun</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24155656">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top 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.ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Kesultanan Oman</div> <div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">سلطنة عُمان Salṭanat ʻUmān (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Oman.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Oman"><img alt="Bendera Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/125px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/188px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/250px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Oman" title="Bendera Oman">Bendera</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:National_emblem_of_Oman.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Oman"><img alt="{{{coat_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/National_emblem_of_Oman.svg/68px-National_emblem_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/National_emblem_of_Oman.svg/102px-National_emblem_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/National_emblem_of_Oman.svg/136px-National_emblem_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Lambang_Oman" title="Lambang Oman"> Lambang</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Semboyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Semboyan">Semboyan</a>: —</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>:  نشيد السلام السلطاني <a href="/wiki/Nashid_as-Salaam_as-Sultani" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani">Nasyīd as-Salām as-Sulṭānī</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: "Himne Penghormatan Sulṭan") <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="114" data-mwtitle="Peace_to_the_Sultan_(نشيد_السلام_السلطاني).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/Peace_to_the_Sultan_%28%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%29.ogg/Peace_to_the_Sultan_%28%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Peace_to_the_Sultan_%28%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APeace_to_the_Sultan_%28%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%29.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APeace_to_the_Sultan_%28%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%29.ogg&lang=dv&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="dv" label="ދިވެހިބަސް ‪(dv)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APeace_to_the_Sultan_%28%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APeace_to_the_Sultan_%28%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%29.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Oman_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Oman_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Oman_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Oman_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Oman_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Oman_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Oman_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="680" /></a>Perlihatkan Bumi</div><div><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_map_of_Oman.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_map_of_Oman.svg/220px-Flag_map_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_map_of_Oman.svg/330px-Flag_map_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_map_of_Oman.svg/440px-Flag_map_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1232" /></a>Perlihatkan peta Bendera</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Oman_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_OMN_-_UNOCHA.svg&lang=id" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi Oman"><img alt="Lokasi Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Oman_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_OMN_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-250px-Oman_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_OMN_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Oman_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_OMN_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-375px-Oman_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_OMN_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Oman_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_OMN_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-500px-Oman_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_OMN_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="254" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a> <div style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kota_di_Oman" title="Daftar kota di Oman">(dan kota terbesar)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muskat" title="Muskat">Muskat</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oman&language=id&params=23_35_N_58_23_E_type:city">23°35′N 58°23′E / 23.583°N 58.383°E / 23.583; 58.383</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (<a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">88,9% <a href="/wiki/Islam_di_Oman" title="Islam di Oman">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">–35,2% <a href="/wiki/Ibadi" title="Ibadi">Islam Ibadi</a> (Resmi)</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">–47,2% <a href="/wiki/Islam_Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Sunni">Islam Sunni</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">–6,5% <a href="/wiki/Islam_Syiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Syiah">Islam Syiah</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">5,5% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Hindu</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">3,6% <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> 2% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Lainnya</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangsa_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangsa Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Bangsa Oman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Oman" title="Politik Oman">Pemerintahan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Negara_kesatuan" title="Negara kesatuan">Kesatuan</a> <a href="/wiki/Negara_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Islam">islam</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarki_absolut" title="Monarki absolut">absolut</a> <a href="/wiki/Monarki_konstitusional" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarki konstitusional">monarki konstitusional</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Sultan_Oman" title="Daftar Sultan Oman">Sultan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Haitham_dari_Oman" title="Haitham dari Oman">Haitham bin Tariq Al Said</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Putra_Mahkota" class="mw-redirect" title="Putra Mahkota">Putra Mahkota</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theyazin_bin_Haitham_Al_Said" title="Theyazin bin Haitham Al Said">Theyazin bin Haitham Al Said</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif">Legislatif</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Oman" title="Dewan Oman">Parlemen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Tinggi" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Tinggi">Majelis Tinggi</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">مجلس الدولة <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara_Oman" title="Dewan Negara Oman">Majlis ad-Dawlah</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Rendah" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Rendah">Majelis Rendah</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">مجلس الشورى <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Permusyawaratan_Oman" title="Majelis Permusyawaratan Oman">Majlis as-Syura</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Pembentukan</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Migrasi <a href="/wiki/Bani_Azad" title="Bani Azad">Bani Azad</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Akhir abad ke-2 M</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Pembentukan imamah </div></th><td class="infobox-data">751 M</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Al_Bu_Sa%27id" title="Dinasti Al Bu Sa'id">Dinasti Al-Said</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1744</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">PBB</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7 Oktober 1971</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Konstitusi saat ini </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 Januari 2021</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_Oman" title="Geografi Oman">Luas </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">309.501 km2 (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_luas_wilayah" title="Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah">70</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Perairan" title="Perairan">Perairan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persentase" title="Persentase">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">dapat diabaikan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Demografi_Oman" title="Demografi Oman">Penduduk</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Perkiraan 2021</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4.527.446<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk">125</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Sensus Penduduk 2010</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.773.479<a href="#cite_note-2010Census-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">15/km2 (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk">177</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> (<a href="/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja">KKB</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$165,947 miliar<a href="#cite_note-imf2-3">[3]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(KKB)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)">78</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$35.286 (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(KKB)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)">71</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> (nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$110,127 miliar<a href="#cite_note-imf9-4">[4]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(nominal)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal)">66</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$23.416 (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(nominal)_per_kapita" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita">55</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Koefisien_Gini" title="Koefisien Gini">Gini</a> (2018)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 30,75<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> sedang</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">IPM</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Kenaikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0,816<a href="#cite_note-HDI-6">[6]</a> sangat tinggi · <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Daftar negara menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">54</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rial_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Rial Oman">Rial Oman</a> (ر.ع.) (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">OMR</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Standar_Teluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waktu Standar Teluk (halaman belum tersedia)">Waktu Standar Teluk</a> (GST) (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+4)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arah_lalu_lintas" title="Arah lalu lintas">Lajur kemudi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_negara_di_dunia" title="Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia">Kode telepon</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B968&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+968 (halaman belum tersedia)">+968</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kode ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:OM" title="ISO 3166-2:OM">OM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ranah_Internet_tingkat_teratas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah Internet tingkat teratas">Ranah Internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.om" title=".om">.om</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="عمان. (halaman belum tersedia)">عمان.</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:11pt">Situs web resmi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oman.om">www.oman.om</a></div></td></tr><tr style="font-size:90%;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Oman_infobox" title="Templat:Oman infobox">lihat</a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Oman_infobox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Oman infobox (halaman belum tersedia)">bicara</a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Oman_infobox&action=edit">sunting</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below mergedtoprow noprint"><div class="none" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:normal;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Infobox_country&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Infobox/editintro2">Sunting kotak info</a> • <a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country" title="Templat:Infobox country">Lihat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_country" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox country">Bicara</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bantuan penggunaan templat ini</figcaption></figure> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Oman (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/oʊˈmɑːn/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a5\/En-us-Oman.ogg\/En-us-Oman.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"simak"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"id","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Oman.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-Oman.ogg/En-us-Oman.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Putar audio" title="Putar audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">simak</a><a href="/wiki/Berkas:En-us-Oman.ogg" title="Berkas:En-us-Oman.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kunci_pengejaan_pengucapan" title="Wikipedia:Kunci pengejaan pengucapan">oh-MAHN</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: عمان ʻUmān), resminya Kesulṭanan Oman (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: سلطنة عُمان Salṭanat ʻUmān, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24300501">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .reference-text .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pelafalan dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Arab">[sal.tˤa.na ʕu.maːn]</a>), adalah sebuah negara <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a> di Asia Barat Daya di pesisir tenggara <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a>. Oman berbatasan dengan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a> (UEA) di barat-laut, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> di barat, dan <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> di barat-daya. Pesisir ini dibentuk oleh <a href="/wiki/Laut_Arab" title="Laut Arab">Laut Arab</a> di tenggara dan <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Oman" title="Teluk Oman">Teluk Oman</a> di timur-laut. <a href="/wiki/Enklave" class="mw-redirect" title="Enklave">Enklave</a> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Musandam" title="Musandam">Musandam</a> dikelilingi oleh <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">UEA</a> di perbatasan daratnya, dengan <a href="/wiki/Selat_Hormuz" title="Selat Hormuz">Selat Hormuz</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Oman" title="Teluk Oman">Teluk Oman</a> membentuk perbatasan pantai <a href="/wiki/Musandam" title="Musandam">Musandam</a>. Selama satu periode, Oman pernah menjadi kekuatan kawasan yang moderat, pernah memiliki <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">kesulṭanan</a> melintasi <a href="/wiki/Selat_Hormuz" title="Selat Hormuz">Selat Hormuz</a> hingga ke <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, dan wilayah yang kini disebut <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, dan selatan jauh hingga ke <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> di pesisir tenggara <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. Waktupun berganti, kekuatannya melemah, kesultanan ini menjadi berada di bawah pengaruh kuat <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>, meskipun Oman secara resmi tidak pernah menjadi bagian <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Imperium Britania</a>, tidak juga menjadi <a href="/wiki/Protektorat" title="Protektorat">protektorat</a> Britania. Oman pernah dikuasai oleh <a href="/wiki/Wangsa" title="Wangsa">dinasti</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Said&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Said (halaman belum tersedia)">Al Said</a> sejak tahun 1744, dan telah lama menjalin hubungan militer dan politik dengan <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, meskipun Oman memelihara kebijakan luar negeri yang bebas.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Oman adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki">monarki</a> mutlak, di mana <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Sultan_Oman" title="Daftar Sultan Oman">Sulṭan Oman</a> menjalankan kewenangan paripurna, meskipun demikian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majelis_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majelis Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">parlemen</a> memiliki beberapa kekuasaan legislatif dan pengawasan.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Pada bulan November 2010, <a href="/wiki/Program_Pembangunan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Program Pembangunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Program Pembangunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> (UNDP) menyatakan bahwa Oman, di antara 135 negara sedunia, merupakan negara yang paling terperbaiki dalam 40 tahun terakhir.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Menurut indeks-indeks internasional, Oman adalah salah satu negara yang paling maju dan stabil di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Arab" title="Dunia Arab">Dunia Arab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nama">Nama</h2></div> Asal usul nama Oman tampaknya berhubungan dengan Omana dari <a href="/wiki/Plinius_Tua" title="Plinius Tua">Plinius Tua</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> dan Omanon dari <a href="/wiki/Klaudius_Ptolemaeus" title="Klaudius Ptolemaeus">Ptolemeus</a> (Ὄμανον ἐμπόριον dalam bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a>),<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> keduanya mungkin <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a> kuno. Kota atau wilayah ini biasanya dietimologi dalam bahasa Arab dari aamen atau amoun ("orang yang menetap", sebagai lawan dari <a href="/wiki/Suku_Badui_(Arab)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku Badui (Arab)">Badui</a>).<a href="#cite_note-EJoman-13">[13]</a> Meskipun sejumlah pendiri eponymous telah diusulkan (Oman bin Ibrahim al-Khalil, Oman bin Siba' bin Yaghthan bin Ibrahim, Oman bin Qahtan dan Bibel <a href="/wiki/Lot" title="Lot">Lot</a>), yang lain mengambilnya dari nama sebuah lembah di Yaman di <a href="/wiki/Ma%27arib" title="Ma'arib">Ma'rib</a> yang dianggap sebagai asal pendiri kota, <a href="/wiki/Bani_Azad" title="Bani Azad">Azd</a>, sebuah suku yang bermigrasi dari <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tarbaby-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Oman" title="Sejarah Oman">Sejarah Oman</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pra-sejarah_dan_sejarah_kuno">Pra-sejarah dan sejarah kuno</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lia_sites.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lia_sites.JPG/220px-Lia_sites.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lia_sites.JPG/330px-Lia_sites.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lia_sites.JPG/440px-Lia_sites.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2328" data-file-height="2753" /></a><figcaption>Situs <a href="/wiki/Zaman_besi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman besi">zaman besi akhir</a> di Oman.</figcaption></figure> Di Aybut Al Auwal, di <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Dhofar" title="Kegubernuran Dhofar">Kegubernuran Dhofar</a>, Oman, sebuah situs ditemukan pada tahun 2011 yang berisi lebih dari 100 pecahan permukaan alat-alat batu, milik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Industri_(arkeologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industri (arkeologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">industri litik</a> Afrika spesifik regional—Kompleks <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> akhir—yang sebelumnya hanya diketahui dari timur laut dan <a href="/wiki/Tanduk_Afrika" title="Tanduk Afrika">Tanduk Afrika</a>. Dua perkiraan usia luminescence yang distimulasi secara optik menempatkan Kompleks Nubia Arab berusia 106.000 tahun. Ini mendukung proposisi bahwa populasi manusia purba berpindah dari Afrika ke Arab selama <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen_Akhir" title="Pleistosen Akhir">Pleistosen Akhir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, penelitian telah menemukan situs <a href="/wiki/Paleolitikum" title="Paleolitikum">Paleolitik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Neolitikum" title="Neolitikum">Neolitik</a> di pantai timur. Situs Paleolitik utama meliputi Saiwan-Ghunaim di Barr al-Hikman.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Peninggalan arkeologi sangat banyak untuk periode <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Perunggu" title="Zaman Perunggu">Zaman Perunggu</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Umm_Al_Nar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Umm Al Nar (halaman belum tersedia)">Umm an-Nar</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Wadi_Suq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Wadi Suq (halaman belum tersedia)">Wadi Suq</a>. Situs-situs seperti Bat menampilkan tembikar putar roda profesional, bejana batu buatan tangan yang luar biasa, industri logam, dan arsitektur monumental.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Ada banyak kecocokan dalam sumber bahwa <a href="/wiki/Kemenyan_arab" title="Kemenyan arab">kemenyan</a> digunakan oleh para pedagang pada 1500 SM. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah_Kemenyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanah Kemenyan (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanah Kemenyan</a>, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia</a> <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Pendidikan,_Keilmuan,_dan_Kebudayaan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Organisasi Pendidikan, Keilmuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">UNESCO</a>, secara dramatis menggambarkan bahwa kemenyan merupakan saksi peradaban <a href="/wiki/Arab_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Selatan">Arab Selatan</a>. Selama abad ke-8 SM, diyakini bahwa Yaarub, keturunan <a href="/wiki/Qahthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qahthan">Qahtan</a>, menguasai seluruh wilayah Yaman, termasuk Oman. Wathil bin Himyar bin <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Saba" title="Kerajaan Saba">Abd-Shams (Saba)</a> bin Yashjub (<a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a>) bin Yarub bin <a href="/wiki/Yoktan" title="Yoktan">Qahtan</a> kemudian memerintah Oman.<a href="#cite_note-YWTATss-18">[18]</a> Dengan demikian diyakini bahwa Yaarubah adalah pemukim pertama di Oman dari Yaman.<a href="#cite_note-MIIDN-19">[19]</a> Pada tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an, para sarjana seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Wilkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Wilkinson (halaman belum tersedia)">John C. Wilkinson</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> percaya berdasarkan sejarah lisan bahwa pada abad ke-6 SM, Achaemenids berkuasa atas semenanjung Oman, kemungkinan besar memerintah dari pusat pesisir seperti <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Suhar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Oman Tengah memiliki kumpulan budaya asli Zaman Besi Akhir Samad yang dinamai secara eponim dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samad_al-Shan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samad al-Shan (halaman belum tersedia)">Samad al-Shan</a>. Di bagian utara Semenanjung Oman, <a href="/wiki/Arabia_pra-Islam" title="Arabia pra-Islam">Periode Pra-Islam</a> dimulai pada abad ke-3 SM dan berlanjut hingga abad ke-3 Masehi. Apakah orang Persia membawa orang Arab tenggara atau tidak di bawah kendali mereka masih menjadi perdebatan, karena kurangnya penemuan Persia berbicara menentang kepercayaan ini. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armand-Pierre_Caussin_de_Perceval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armand-Pierre Caussin de Perceval (halaman belum tersedia)">M. Caussin de Percevel</a> menyatakan bahwa Shammir bin Wathil bin Himyar mengakui kekuasaan <a href="/wiki/Koresh_Agung" title="Koresh Agung">Cyrus Agung</a> atas Oman pada tahun 536 SM.<a href="#cite_note-YWTATss-18">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:World_Heritage_Grave_Al_Ayn_Oman.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/World_Heritage_Grave_Al_Ayn_Oman.JPG/220px-World_Heritage_Grave_Al_Ayn_Oman.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/World_Heritage_Grave_Al_Ayn_Oman.JPG/330px-World_Heritage_Grave_Al_Ayn_Oman.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/World_Heritage_Grave_Al_Ayn_Oman.JPG/440px-World_Heritage_Grave_Al_Ayn_Oman.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3535" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Situs_Arkeologi_Bat,_Al-Khutm_dan_Al-Ayn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Situs Arkeologi Bat, Al-Khutm dan Al-Ayn (halaman belum tersedia)">Situs Arkeologi Bat, Al-Khutm dan Al-Ayn</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Azh-Zhahirah" title="Kegubernuran Azh-Zhahirah">Ad Dhahirah</a>, dibangun pada Milenium ke-3 SM, adalah <a href="/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia" title="Situs Warisan Dunia">Situs Warisan Dunia</a> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.</figcaption></figure> Catatan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sumeria" title="Bahasa Sumeria">Sumeria</a> menyebut Oman sebagai "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Magan_(peradaban)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magan (peradaban) (halaman belum tersedia)">Magan</a>"<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> dan dalam bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Akkadia" title="Bahasa Akkadia">Akkadia</a> "Makan",<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> nama yang menghubungkan sumber daya tembaga kuno Oman.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Mazoon, nama Persia yang digunakan untuk menyebut wilayah Oman, yang merupakan bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Sasaniyah" title="Kekaisaran Sasaniyah">Kekaisaran Sasaniyah</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemukiman_Arab">Pemukiman Arab</h3></div> Selama berabad-abad berbagai suku dari Arab barat menetap di Oman, mencari nafkah dengan memancing, bertani, menggembala atau beternak, dan banyak keluarga Oman saat ini menelusuri akar leluhur mereka ke bagian lain Arab. Migrasi Arab ke Oman dimulai dari Arab barat laut dan barat daya dan mereka yang memilih untuk menetap harus bersaing dengan penduduk asli untuk mendapatkan tanah subur terbaik. Ketika suku-suku Arab mulai bermigrasi ke Oman, ada dua kelompok yang berbeda. Satu kelompok, sebagian suku <a href="/wiki/Bani_Azad" title="Bani Azad">Azd</a> bermigrasi dari Yaman pada tahun 120 M<a href="#cite_note-YWTAT-27">[27]</a>/200 setelah runtuhnya <a href="/wiki/Bendungan_Marib" title="Bendungan Marib">Bendungan Marib</a>, sementara kelompok lainnya bermigrasi beberapa abad sebelum lahirnya <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> (sekarang <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>), bernama <a href="/wiki/Nizar_bin_Ma%27ad" title="Nizar bin Ma'ad">Nizar</a>. Sejarawan lain percaya bahwa Yaarubah dari Qahtan yang merupakan cabang yang lebih tua, adalah pemukim pertama Oman dari Yaman, dan kemudian datanglah Azd.<a href="#cite_note-MIIDN-19">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ruins6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ruins6.JPG/170px-Ruins6.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ruins6.JPG/255px-Ruins6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ruins6.JPG/340px-Ruins6.JPG 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption>Reruntuhan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khor_Rori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khor Rori (halaman belum tersedia)">Khor Rori</a>, dibangun antara 100 SM & 100 M.</figcaption></figure> Para pemukim Azd di Oman adalah keturunan Nasr bin Azd dan kemudian dikenal sebagai "Al-Azd dari Oman".<a href="#cite_note-YWTAT-27">[27]</a> Tujuh puluh tahun setelah migrasi Azd pertama, cabang <a href="/wiki/Bani_Azad" title="Bani Azad">Alazdi</a> lainnya di bawah Malik bin Fahm, pendiri <a href="/wiki/Bani_Tanukh" title="Bani Tanukh">Kerajaan Tanukhites</a> di sebelah barat <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Efrat" title="Sungai Efrat">Efrat</a>, diyakini telah menetap di Oman.<a href="#cite_note-YWTAT-27">[27]</a> Menurut Al-Kalbi, Malik bin Fahm adalah pemukim pertama Alazd.<a href="#cite_note-MFFSOO-28">[28]</a> Dia dikatakan pertama kali menetap di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qalhat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qalhat (halaman belum tersedia)">Qalhat</a>. Dengan catatan ini, Malik, dengan angkatan bersenjata lebih dari 6000 orang dan kuda, bertempur melawan <a href="/wiki/Marzban" title="Marzban">Marzban</a>, yang melayani raja Persia yang namanya kurang diketahui dalam pertempuran Salut di Oman dan akhirnya mengalahkan pasukan Persia.<a href="#cite_note-MIIDN-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-GS-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-HOM-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaiselShoup2009193-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIM-32">[32]</a> Namun, kisah ini semi-legendaris dan tampaknya memadatkan migrasi dan konflik selama berabad-abad menjadi kisah dua kampanye yang membesar-besarkan keberhasilan orang Arab. Kisah tersebut mungkin juga merupakan penggabungan berbagai tradisi tidak hanya dari suku-suku Arab tetapi juga penduduk asli wilayah tersebut. Selain itu, tidak ada tanggal yang dapat ditentukan untuk kejadian dalam cerita ini.<a href="#cite_note-HOM-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Pada abad ke-7 M, orang Oman berhubungan dan menerima <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-History_of_OMAN-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-us-state-dept-36">[36]</a> Masuknya orang Oman ke Islam dianggap berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Amr_bin_Ash" title="Amr bin Ash">Amr bin Ash</a>, yang diutus oleh nabi <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> selama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspedisi_Zaid_ibn_Haritha_(Hisma)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspedisi Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekspedisi Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma)</a>. Amer diutus untuk bertemu dengan Jaifer dan Abd, putra Julanda yang memerintah Oman. Mereka tampaknya dengan mudah memeluk Islam.<a href="#cite_note-INOE-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imamah_Oman">Imamah Oman</h3></div> Azd Oman biasa melakukan perjalanan ke <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> untuk berdagang, yang merupakan pusat Islam, selama kekhalifahan <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Umayyah" title="Kekhalifahan Umayyah">Umayyah</a>. Azd Oman diberikan bagian dari Basra, di mana mereka dapat menetap dan memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Banyak Azd Oman yang menetap di Basra menjadi pedagang kaya dan, di bawah pemimpin mereka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Muhallab_ibn_Abi_Sufra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhallab bin Abi Sufrah</a>, mulai memperluas pengaruh kekuasaan mereka ke arah timur menuju <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_Raya" title="Khorasan Raya">Khorasan</a>. Islam <a href="/wiki/Ibadi" title="Ibadi">Ibadhi</a> berasal dari Basra melalui pendirinya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_bin_Ibadh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah bin Ibadh (halaman belum tersedia)">Abdullah ibn Ibadh</a>, sekitar tahun 650 M; suku Azd Oman di <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> kemudian mengadopsi ini sebagai keyakinan utama mereka. Belakangan, <a href="/wiki/Al-Hajjaj_bin_Yusuf" title="Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf">Al-hajjaj</a>, Gubernur Irak, berkonflik dengan Ibadhi, yang memaksa mereka kembali ke Oman. Di antara mereka yang kembali adalah ulama <a href="/wiki/Jabir_bin_Zayd" title="Jabir bin Zayd">Jabir bin Zayd</a>. Kembalinya dia (dan kembalinya banyak cendekiawan lainnya) menyebabkan peningkatan gerakan Ibadhi di Oman.<a href="#cite_note-OmanForeignPolicy-38">[38]</a> Alhajjaj juga berusaha menaklukkan Oman, yang saat itu diperintah oleh Suleiman dan Said (putra Abbad bin Julanda). Alhajjaj memberangkatkan Mujjaah bin Shiwah yang dihadang oleh Said bin Abbad. Konfrontasi ini menghancurkan pasukan Said, setelah itu dia dan pasukannya mundur ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jebel_Akhdar,_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jebel Akhdar, Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Jebel Akhdar</a> (pegunungan). Mujjaah dan pasukannya mengejar Said, berhasil mengusir mereka dari persembunyian di Wadi Mastall. Mujjaah kemudian bergerak menuju pantai, di mana dia menghadapi Suleiman bin Abbad. Pertempuran dimenangkan oleh pasukan Suleiman. Alhajjaj, bagaimanapun, mengirim pasukan lain (di bawah Abdulrahman bin Suleiman); dia akhirnya memenangkan perang, mengambil alih pemerintahan Oman.<a href="#cite_note-HRIS-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-HRIS1-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-HRIS2-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bahla_Fort-109699.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bahla_Fort-109699.jpg/170px-Bahla_Fort-109699.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bahla_Fort-109699.jpg/255px-Bahla_Fort-109699.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bahla_Fort-109699.jpg/340px-Bahla_Fort-109699.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benteng_Bahla" title="Benteng Bahla">Benteng Bahla</a>, situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO, dibangun antara abad 12 dan 15 oleh <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Nabhani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Nabhani">Dinasti Nabhani</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imamah_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imamah Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Imamah elektif</a> pertama di Oman diyakini telah didirikan tak lama setelah <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Umayyah" title="Kekhalifahan Umayyah">jatuhnya Kekhalifahan Umayyah</a> pada 750/755 M, ketika Janaħ bin ʕibadah Alħinnawi terpilih.<a href="#cite_note-OmanForeignPolicy-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FEIH-42">[42]</a> Sarjana lain mengklaim bahwa Janaħ bin Ibadah menjabat sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wali_(gelar_administratif)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wali (gelar administratif) (halaman belum tersedia)">Wali</a> (gubernur) di bawah dinasti Umayyah (dan kemudian meratifikasi Imamah), dan bahwa Julanda bin Masud adalah Imam Oman pertama yang terpilih, pada tahun 751 M.<a href="#cite_note-TFIMOOS-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FROI-44">[44]</a> Imamah pertama mencapai puncak kekuasaannya pada abad kesembilan M.<a href="#cite_note-OmanForeignPolicy-38">[38]</a> Imamah mendirikan kerajaan maritim yang armadanya menguasai Teluk, pada saat perdagangan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Abbasiyah" title="Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah">Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah</a>, Timur Jauh, dan Afrika berkembang pesat.<a href="#cite_note-OQ-45">[45]</a> Otoritas para Imam mulai menurun karena perebutan kekuasaan, intervensi terus-menerus dari Abbasiyah, dan kebangkitan <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Seljuk_Raya" title="Kesultanan Seljuk Raya">Kesultanan Seljuk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TFIMOOS-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-OBG-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dinasti_Nabhani">Dinasti Nabhani</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Nabhani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Nabhani">Dinasti Nabhani</a></div> Selama abad ke-11 dan ke-12, pantai Oman berada dalam lingkup pengaruh <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Seljuk_Raya" title="Kesultanan Seljuk Raya">Kesultanan Seljuk</a>. Mereka diusir pada tahun 1154, ketika dinasti <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Nabhani" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Nabhani">Nabhani</a> berkuasa.<a href="#cite_note-OBG-46">[46]</a> Nabhani memerintah sebagai muluk atau raja, sementara para Imam direduksi menjadi signifikansi simbolis. Ibukota dinasti tersebut adalah <a href="/wiki/Bahla" title="Bahla">Bahla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RAN-47">[47]</a> Banu Nabhan menguasai perdagangan kemenyan di jalur darat melalui <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a> ke oasis Yabrin, dan kemudian ke utara ke <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NABH-48">[48]</a> Pohon mangga diperkenalkan ke Oman pada masa dinasti Nabhani, oleh El-Fellah bin Muhsin.<a href="#cite_note-MIIDN-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-MIIDN1-49">[49]</a> Dinasti Nabhani mulai memburuk pada tahun 1507 ketika penjajah <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Portugal" title="Imperium Portugal">Portugis</a> merebut kota pesisir <a href="/wiki/Muskat" title="Muskat">Muskat</a>, dan secara bertahap memperluas kendali mereka di sepanjang pantai hingga Sohar di utara dan turun ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sur,_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sur, Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Sur</a> di tenggara.<a href="#cite_note-THIMAS-50">[50]</a> Sejarawan lain berpendapat bahwa dinasti Nabhani berakhir lebih awal pada tahun 1435 M ketika konflik antara dinasti dan Alhinawis muncul, yang mengarah pada pemulihan imamah.<a href="#cite_note-MIIDN-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_Portugis">Era Portugis</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Seydi_Ali-Ambush.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Seydi_Ali-Ambush.png/220px-Seydi_Ali-Ambush.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Seydi_Ali-Ambush.png/330px-Seydi_Ali-Ambush.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Seydi_Ali-Ambush.png/440px-Seydi_Ali-Ambush.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Portugis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Portugis">Kekaisaran Portugis</a> memerintah <a href="/wiki/Muscat" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat">Oman</a> selama 143 tahun (1507–1650).</figcaption></figure> Satu dekade setelah pelayaran sukses <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> di sekitar <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Harapan" title="Tanjung Harapan">Tanjung Harapan</a> dan ke <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> pada 1497–98, Portugis tiba di Oman dan menduduki Muscat selama 143 tahun, dari 1507 hingga 1650. Membutuhkan pos terdepan untuk melindungi jalur laut mereka, Portugis membangun dan membentengi kota, di mana sisa-sisa gaya arsitektur Portugis masih dapat ditemukan. Belakangan, beberapa kota Oman lainnya dijajah pada awal abad ke-16 oleh Portugis, untuk mengontrol pintu masuk <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Persia" title="Teluk Persia">Teluk Persia</a> dan perdagangan di wilayah tersebut sebagai bagian dari jaringan benteng di wilayah tersebut, dari Basra hingga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Hormuz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Hormuz (halaman belum tersedia)">Hormuz</a>. Namun, pada tahun 1552 sebuah <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Utsmaniyah" title="Angkatan Laut Utsmaniyah">armada Utsmaniyah</a> secara singkat <a href="/wiki/Perebutan_Muskat_(1552)" title="Perebutan Muskat (1552)">merebut benteng di Muscat</a>, selama perjuangan mereka untuk menguasai Teluk Persia dan <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Hindia" title="Samudra Hindia">Samudra Hindia</a>, tetapi segera pergi setelah menghancurkan sekeliling benteng.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Kemudian pada abad ke-17 dengan menggunakan pangkalan di Oman, Portugal melakukan pertempuran terbesar yang pernah dilakukan di Teluk Persia (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Hormuz_(1625)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Hormuz (1625) (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Hormuz (1625)</a>). Pasukan Portugis berperang melawan armada gabungan <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Hindia_Timur_Belanda" title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda">Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda</a> (VOC) dan <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Hindia_Timur_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania">Perusahaan Hindia Timur Inggris</a> yang didukung oleh kerajaan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Safawiyah" title="Dinasti Safawiyah">Safawi</a>. Hasil pertempuran itu seri tetapi mengakibatkan hilangnya pengaruh Portugis di Teluk.<a href="#cite_note-WF-52">[52]</a> Beberapa kota dibuat sketsanya pada abad ke-17 dan muncul dalam Buku Benteng António Bocarro.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Persian_Gulf_z1507-1750.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Persian_Gulf_z1507-1750.gif/400px-Persian_Gulf_z1507-1750.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Persian_Gulf_z1507-1750.gif/600px-Persian_Gulf_z1507-1750.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Persian_Gulf_z1507-1750.gif/800px-Persian_Gulf_z1507-1750.gif 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>Kehadiran Portugis pada abad ke-16 dan ke-18 di Teluk Persia.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dinasti_Yaruba_(1624–1744)">Dinasti Yaruba (1624–1744)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Oman" title="Kekaisaran Oman">Kekaisaran Oman</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Areas_under_Omani_influence_18th-19th_century.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Areas_under_Omani_influence_18th-19th_century.svg/220px-Areas_under_Omani_influence_18th-19th_century.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Areas_under_Omani_influence_18th-19th_century.svg/330px-Areas_under_Omani_influence_18th-19th_century.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Areas_under_Omani_influence_18th-19th_century.svg/440px-Areas_under_Omani_influence_18th-19th_century.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Menyusul pengusiran <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Portugis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Portugis">Kekaisaran Portugis</a>, Oman menjadi salah satu kekuatan di <a href="/wiki/Samudra_Hindia" title="Samudra Hindia">Samudra Hindia</a> bagian barat dari tahun 1698 dan seterusnya.<a href="#cite_note-OQCP-54">[54]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kekaisaran Ottoman</a> untuk sementara merebut Muscat dari Portugis lagi pada tahun 1581 dan mempertahankannya hingga tahun 1588. Selama abad ke-17, orang-orang Oman dipersatukan kembali oleh para <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%27rubid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ya'rubid (halaman belum tersedia)">Imam Yaruba</a>. Nasir bin Murshid menjadi Imam Yaarubah pertama pada tahun 1624, ketika dia terpilih di Rustaq. Energi dan kegigihan Nasir diyakini membuatnya terpilih.<a href="#cite_note-ETENT-55">[55]</a> Imam Nasir dan penggantinya berhasil pada tahun 1650-an mengusir Portugis dari wilayah pesisir mereka di Oman.<a href="#cite_note-OmanForeignPolicy-38">[38]</a> Orang Oman dari waktu ke waktu mendirikan kerajaan maritim yang mengejar Portugis dan mengusir mereka dari semua harta benda mereka di Afrika Timur, yang kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kekuasaan Oman. Untuk merebut <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> <a href="/wiki/Saif_bin_Sultan" title="Saif bin Sultan">Saif bin Sultan</a>, Imam Oman, menekan <a href="/wiki/Pesisir_Swahili" title="Pesisir Swahili">Pantai Swahili</a>. Hambatan utama untuk kemajuannya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benteng_Jesus_de_Momba%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benteng Jesus de Mombaça (halaman belum tersedia)">Benteng Jesus</a>, yang menampung garnisun pemukiman Portugis di <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>. Setelah pengepungan selama dua tahun, benteng tersebut jatuh ke tangan Imam Saif bin Sultan pada tahun 1698. Saif bin Sultan menduduki Bahrain pada tahun 1700. Persaingan dalam keluarga Yaruba untuk memperebutkan kekuasaan setelah kematian Imam Sultan pada tahun 1718 melemahkan dinasti tersebut. Dengan kekuatan Dinasti Yaruba yang semakin menipis, Imam Saif bin Sultan II akhirnya meminta bantuan melawan saingannya dari <a href="/wiki/Nader_Shah" title="Nader Shah">Nader Shah</a> dari Persia. Pasukan Persia tiba pada Maret 1737 untuk membantu Saif. Dari pangkalan mereka di Julfar, pasukan Persia akhirnya memberontak melawan Yaruba pada tahun 1743. Kerajaan Persia kemudian mencoba menguasai pantai Oman sampai tahun 1747.<a href="#cite_note-OmanForeignPolicy-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASOD-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abad_ke-18_dan_ke-19">Abad ke-18 dan ke-19</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sultan%27s_Palace,_Zanzibar.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sultan%27s_Palace%2C_Zanzibar.JPG/220px-Sultan%27s_Palace%2C_Zanzibar.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sultan%27s_Palace%2C_Zanzibar.JPG/330px-Sultan%27s_Palace%2C_Zanzibar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sultan%27s_Palace%2C_Zanzibar.JPG/440px-Sultan%27s_Palace%2C_Zanzibar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istana_Sultan,_Zanzibar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istana Sultan, Zanzibar (halaman belum tersedia)">Istana Sultan</a> di <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>, yang pernah menjadi ibu kota Oman dan kediaman para sultannya</figcaption></figure> Setelah Oman mengusir <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Persia">Persia</a>, Ahmed bin Sa'id Albusaidi pada 1749 menjadi Imam Oman terpilih, dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rustaq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rustaq (halaman belum tersedia)">Rustaq</a> sebagai ibu kota. Sejak kebangkitan Imamah dengan dinasti Yaruba, orang-orang Oman melanjutkan dengan sistem elektif tetapi, asalkan orang tersebut dianggap memenuhi syarat, memberikan preferensi kepada anggota keluarga penguasa.<a href="#cite_note-HTSHC-57">[57]</a> Setelah kematian Imam Ahmed pada tahun 1783, putranya, Said bin Ahmed menjadi Imam terpilih. Putranya, Seyyid Hamed bin Said, menggulingkan wakil ayahnya Imam di Muscat dan memperoleh kepemilikan benteng Muscat. Hamed memerintah sebagai "Seyyid". Setelah itu, Seyyid Sultan bin Ahmed, paman Seyyid Hamed, mengambil alih kekuasaan. Seyyid <a href="/wiki/Said_bin_Sultan,_Sultan_Muskat_dan_Oman" title="Said bin Sultan, Sultan Muskat dan Oman">Said bin Sultan</a> menggantikan Sultan bin Ahmed.<a href="#cite_note-HTSHC1-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-HTSHC3-59">[59]</a> Sepanjang abad ke-19, selain Imam Said bin Ahmed yang mempertahankan gelar tersebut hingga meninggal pada tahun 1803, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azzan_bin_Qais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azzan bin Qais (halaman belum tersedia)">Azzan bin Qais</a> adalah satu-satunya Imam Oman terpilih. Pemerintahannya dimulai pada tahun 1868. Namun, Inggris menolak untuk menerima Imam Azzan sebagai penguasa, karena dianggap bertentangan dengan kepentingan mereka. Pandangan ini berperan penting dalam mendukung penggulingan Imam Azzan pada tahun 1871 oleh sepupunya, Sayyid Turki, putra mendiang Sayyid Said bin Sultan, dan saudara laki-laki Sultan Barghash dari Zanzibar, yang dianggap Inggris lebih dapat diterima.<a href="#cite_note-ABQOLR-60">[60]</a> Imam Sultan Oman, penguasa Muscat yang dikalahkan, diberikan kedaulatan atas <a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a>, sebuah wilayah di Pakistan modern. Gwadar adalah bagian dari Oman dari tahun 1783 hingga 1958. Kota pesisir ini terletak di wilayah <a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a> yang sekarang menjadi sudut paling barat daya Pakistan, dekat perbatasan Iran saat ini, di muara <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Oman" title="Teluk Oman">Teluk Oman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Setelah mendapatkan kembali kendali atas Muscat, kedaulatan ini dilanjutkan melalui seorang wali ("gubernur") yang ditunjuk. Saat ini, penduduk Gwadar berbicara bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Urdu" title="Bahasa Urdu">Urdu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Baluchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Baluchi">Balochi</a> dengan banyak juga yang menguasai bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kolonisasi_de_facto_Inggris">Kolonisasi de facto Inggris</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Imperium Inggris</a> sangat ingin mendominasi Arab tenggara untuk menahan pertumbuhan kekuatan negara-negara Eropa lainnya dan mengekang kekuatan maritim Oman yang tumbuh selama abad ke-17.<a href="#cite_note-OQ-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOR-63">[62]</a> Kerajaan Inggris dari waktu ke waktu, mulai dari akhir abad ke-18, mulai membuat serangkaian perjanjian dengan para sultan dengan tujuan untuk memajukan kepentingan politik dan ekonomi Inggris di Muscat, sembari memberikan perlindungan militer kepada para sultan.<a href="#cite_note-OQ-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOR-63">[62]</a> Pada tahun 1798, perjanjian pertama antara <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Hindia_Timur_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania">Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania</a> dan dinasti Albusaidi ditandatangani oleh Sayyid Sultan bin Ahmed. Perjanjian itu bertujuan untuk memblokir persaingan komersial Prancis dan Belanda serta mendapatkan konsesi untuk membangun pabrik Inggris di <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OmanForeignPolicy-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-HOIOO-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-HTSHC2-65">[64]</a> Sebuah perjanjian kedua ditandatangani pada tahun 1800, yang menetapkan bahwa perwakilan Inggris akan tinggal di pelabuhan Muscat dan mengelola semua urusan eksternal dengan negara lain.<a href="#cite_note-HTSHC2-65">[64]</a> Akibat melemahnya Kekaisaran Oman, pengaruh Inggris atas Muscat tumbuh sepanjang abad kesembilan belas.<a href="#cite_note-OQCP-54">[54]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Muscat_Squadron.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Muscat_Squadron.png/220px-Muscat_Squadron.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Muscat_Squadron.png/330px-Muscat_Squadron.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Muscat_Squadron.png/440px-Muscat_Squadron.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah skuadron <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Laut Britania Raya">angkatan laut Inggris</a> di Muscat.<a href="#cite_note-BNSIM-66">[65]</a></figcaption></figure> Pada tahun 1854, akta penyerahan pulau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Khuriya_Muriya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Khuriya Muriya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuria Muria</a> Oman ke Inggris ditandatangani oleh sultan Muscat dan pemerintah Inggris.<a href="#cite_note-KMITTB-67">[66]</a> Pemerintah Inggris memperoleh kendali dominan atas Muscat, yang sebagian besar menghambat persaingan dari negara lain.<a href="#cite_note-BPCOM-68">[67]</a> Antara tahun 1862 dan 1892, Residen Politik, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Pelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Pelly (halaman belum tersedia)">Lewis Pelly</a> dan Edward Ross, memainkan peran penting dalam mengamankan supremasi Inggris atas Teluk Persia dan Muskat dengan sistem pemerintahan tidak langsung.<a href="#cite_note-ABQOLR-60">[60]</a> Pada akhir abad ke-19, dan dengan hilangnya dominasi Afrika dan pendapatannya, pengaruh Inggris meningkat hingga para sultan menjadi sangat bergantung pada pinjaman Inggris dan menandatangani deklarasi untuk berkonsultasi dengan pemerintah Inggris dalam semua hal penting.<a href="#cite_note-BOR-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-QDLM-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-GR-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-HLBB-71">[70]</a> Kesultanan dengan demikian secara de facto berada di bawah wilayah Inggris.<a href="#cite_note-GR-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-QoO-72">[71]</a> Zanzibar adalah properti berharga sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perdagangan_budak_Samudra_Hindia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perdagangan budak Samudra Hindia (halaman belum tersedia)">pasar budak</a> utama Pantai Swahili sekaligus menjadi penghasil utama cengkih, dan menjadi bagian yang semakin penting dari kerajaan Oman, sebuah fakta yang tercermin dari keputusan Sayyid Sa'id bin Sultan, untuk menjadikannya ibu kota kekaisaran pada tahun 1837. Sa'id membangun istana dan taman yang mengesankan di Zanzibar. Persaingan antara kedua putranya diselesaikan, dengan bantuan diplomasi Inggris yang kuat, ketika salah satu dari mereka, <a href="/wiki/Majid_bin_Said_dari_Zanzibar" title="Majid bin Said dari Zanzibar">Majid</a>, berhasil merebut Zanzibar dan pengaruh Oman di Pantai Swahili. Putra lainnya, <a href="/wiki/Thuwaini_bin_Said,_Sultan_Muskat_dan_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan Muskat dan Oman">Thuwaini</a>, mewarisi wilayah <a href="/wiki/Muskat_dan_Oman" title="Muskat dan Oman">Oman</a> dan Asia. Pengaruh Zanzibar di kepulauan Komoro di Samudra Hindia secara tidak langsung memperkenalkan adat istiadat Oman ke dalam budaya <a href="/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro">Komoro</a>. Pengaruh ini meliputi tradisi pakaian dan upacara pernikahan.<a href="#cite_note-plackett-73">[72]</a> Pada tahun 1856, di bawah <a href="/wiki/Arbitrase" title="Arbitrase">arbitrase</a> Inggris, Zanzibar dan Muskat menjadi dua kesultanan yang berbeda.<a href="#cite_note-YDAASD-74">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perjanjian_Seeb">Perjanjian Seeb</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png/220px-Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png/330px-Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png/440px-Maskat_%26_Oman_map.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>Perpecahan antara wilayah pedalaman (oranye) dan wilayah pesisir (merah) Oman dan Muskat.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegunungan_Al_Hajar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegunungan Al Hajar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pegunungan Al Hajar</a>, yang merupakan bagian dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jebel_Akhdar,_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jebel Akhdar, Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Jebel Akhdar</a>, memisahkan negara ini menjadi dua kawasan berbeda: pedalaman, dan kawasan pesisir yang didominasi oleh ibu kota, Muscat.<a href="#cite_note-meagher-75">[74]</a> Perkembangan kekaisaran Inggris di Muskat dan Oman selama abad ke-19 menyebabkan kebangkitan baru Imamah di pedalaman Oman, yang telah muncul dalam siklus selama lebih dari 1.200 tahun di Oman.<a href="#cite_note-OQ-45">[45]</a> Perwakilan Politik Inggris, yang tinggal di Muscat, membuat keterasingan pedalaman Oman karena pengaruh besar pemerintah Inggris atas Muscat, yang dia gambarkan sebagai sepenuhnya mementingkan diri sendiri dan tanpa memperhatikan kondisi sosial dan politik penduduk setempat.<a href="#cite_note-Conditions-76">[75]</a> Pada tahun 1913, Imam Salim Alkharusi menghasut pemberontakan anti-Muscat yang berlangsung hingga tahun 1920 ketika Kesultanan menjalin perdamaian dengan Imamah dengan menandatangani <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perjanjian_Seeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perjanjian Seeb (halaman belum tersedia)">Perjanjian Seeb</a>. Perjanjian itu ditengahi oleh Inggris, yang tidak memiliki kepentingan ekonomi di pedalaman Oman pada saat itu. Perjanjian tersebut memberikan pemerintahan otonom kepada Imamah di pedalaman Oman dan mengakui kedaulatan pesisir Oman, <a href="/wiki/Muskat_dan_Oman" title="Muskat dan Oman">Kesultanan Muscat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BOR-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-smallwars-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-TOSNT-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-OAOI-79">[78]</a> Pada tahun 1920, Imam Salim Alkharusi meninggal dan Muhammad Alkhalili terpilih.<a href="#cite_note-OmanForeignPolicy-38">[38]</a> Pada tanggal 10 Januari 1923, sebuah perjanjian antara Kesultanan dan pemerintah Inggris ditandatangani di mana Kesultanan harus berkonsultasi dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departemen_Politik_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departemen Politik India (halaman belum tersedia)">perwakilan politik</a> Inggris yang tinggal di Muscat dan mendapatkan persetujuan dari <a href="/wiki/Kemaharajaan_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemaharajaan Britania">Pemerintah Tinggi India</a> untuk mengekstraksi minyak di Kesultanan.<a href="#cite_note-agreement-80">[79]</a> Pada tanggal 31 Juli 1928, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perjanjian_Garis_Merah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perjanjian Garis Merah (halaman belum tersedia)">Perjanjian Garis Merah</a> ditandatangani antara Anglo-Persian Company (kemudian berganti nama menjadi British Petroleum), Royal Dutch/Shell, Compagnie Française des Pétroles (kemudian berganti nama menjadi Total), Near East Development Corporation (kemudian berganti nama menjadi ExxonMobil) dan <a href="/wiki/Calouste_Gulbenkian" title="Calouste Gulbenkian">Calouste Gulbenkian</a> (seorang pengusaha <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>) untuk secara kolektif memproduksi minyak di wilayah pasca-Kekaisaran Ottoman, termasuk semenanjung Arab, dengan masing-masing dari empat perusahaan besar memegang 23,75 persen saham sementara Calouste Gulbenkian memegang 5 persen saham sisanya. Perjanjian tersebut menetapkan bahwa tidak ada penandatangan yang diizinkan untuk mengejar pendirian konsesi minyak di dalam wilayah yang disepakati tanpa menyertakan semua pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Pada tahun 1929, para anggota perjanjian mendirikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perusahaan_Perminyakan_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perusahaan Perminyakan Irak (halaman belum tersedia)">Perusahaan Perminyakan Irak</a> (IPC).<a href="#cite_note-RLA-81">[80]</a> Pada 13 November 1931, Sultan Taimur bin Faisal turun tahta.<a href="#cite_note-AOST-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemerintahan_Sultan_Said_(1932–1970)">Pemerintahan Sultan Said (1932–1970)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Said_bin_Taimur_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Said_bin_Taimur_%28cropped%29.png/170px-Said_bin_Taimur_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Said_bin_Taimur_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Pemerintahan Sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_bin_Taimur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Said bin Taimur (halaman belum tersedia)">Said bin Taimur</a> dari 1932 hingga 1970.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_bin_Taimur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Said bin Taimur (halaman belum tersedia)">Said bin Taimur</a> menjadi sultan Muskat secara resmi pada 10 Februari 1932. Kekuasaan sultan Said bin Taimur, karakter yang sangat kompleks, didukung oleh pemerintah Inggris, dan dicirikan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Feodalisme" title="Feodalisme">feodal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reaksioner" title="Reaksioner">reaksioner</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Isolasionisme" title="Isolasionisme">isolasionis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OQ-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-GR-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-OAOI-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-BA-83">[82]</a> Pemerintah Inggris mempertahankan kontrol administratif yang luas atas Kesultanan sebagai sekretaris pertahanan dan kepala intelijen, kepala penasihat sultan dan semua menteri kecuali satu orang Inggris.<a href="#cite_note-GR-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Halliday-84">[83]</a> Pada tahun 1937, sebuah perjanjian antara sultan dan Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), sebuah konsorsium perusahaan minyak yang 23,75% dimiliki Inggris, ditandatangani untuk memberikan konsesi minyak kepada IPC. Setelah gagal menemukan minyak di Kesultanan, IPC sangat tertarik pada beberapa formasi geologis yang menjanjikan di dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahud (halaman belum tersedia)">Fahud</a>, sebuah area yang terletak di dalam Imamah. IPC menawarkan dukungan keuangan kepada sultan untuk meningkatkan angkatan bersenjata melawan potensi perlawanan dari Imamah.<a href="#cite_note-OmansInsurgencies-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FTWAO-86">[85]</a> Pada tahun 1955, jalur <a href="/wiki/Enklave_dan_eksklave" title="Enklave dan eksklave">eksklave</a> pantai <a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a> masuk ke Pakistan dan dijadikan distrik di provinsi <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_(provinsi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan (provinsi)">Balochistan</a>, sementara Gwadar tetap di Oman. Pada 8 September 1958, Pakistan membeli kantong Gwadar dari Oman seharga US$3 juta.<a href="#cite_note-87">[note 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> Gwadar kemudian menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehsil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehsil (halaman belum tersedia)">tehsil</a> di distrik Makran. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perang_Jebel_Akhdar">Perang Jebel Akhdar</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Jebel_Akhdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Jebel Akhdar (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Jebel Akhdar</a></div> Sultan Said bin Taimur menyatakan minatnya untuk menduduki Imamah tepat setelah kematian Imam Alkhalili, dengan demikian mengambil keuntungan dari setiap potensi ketidakstabilan yang mungkin terjadi di dalam Imamah ketika pemilihan akan dilakukan, kepada pemerintah Inggris.<a href="#cite_note-Planning-89">[87]</a> Perwakilan politik Inggris di Muscat percaya bahwa satu-satunya cara untuk mendapatkan akses ke cadangan minyak di pedalaman adalah dengan membantu sultan dalam mengambil alih Imamah.<a href="#cite_note-idea2-90">[88]</a> Pada tahun 1946, pemerintah Inggris menawarkan senjata dan amunisi, perbekalan tambahan dan petugas untuk mempersiapkan sultan untuk menyerang pedalaman Oman.<a href="#cite_note-RAFint-91">[89]</a> Pada bulan Mei 1954, Imam Alkhalili wafat dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghalib_al-Hinai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghalib al-Hinai (halaman belum tersedia)">Ghalib Alhinai</a> terpilih sebagai Imam.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Hubungan antara Sultan Said bin Taimur dan Imam Ghalib Alhinai renggang karena sengketa konsesi minyak. Di bawah ketentuan perjanjian Seeb tahun 1920, Sultan, yang didukung oleh pemerintah Inggris, mengklaim semua urusan dengan perusahaan minyak sebagai hak prerogatifnya. Imam, di sisi lain, menyatakan bahwa karena minyak berada di wilayah Imamah, apapun yang menyangkut itu adalah masalah internal.<a href="#cite_note-meagher-75">[74]</a> Pada bulan Desember 1955, Sultan Said bin Taimur mengirim Pasukan Lapangan Muscat dan Oman untuk menduduki pusat-pusat utama di Oman, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Nizwa" title="Nizwa">Nizwa</a>, ibu kota Imamah Oman, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibri (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smallwars-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-owaosa-93">[91]</a> Orang Oman di pedalaman dipimpin oleh Imam Ghalib Alhinai, Talib Alhinai, saudara Imam dan Wali (gubernur) Rustaq, dan Suleiman bin Hamyar, yang merupakan Wali (gubernur) Jebel Akhdar, membela Imamah di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Jebel_Akhdar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Jebel Akhdar (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Jebel Akhdar</a> melawan serangan yang didukung Inggris oleh Kesultanan. Pada bulan Juli 1957, pasukan Sultan ditarik, tetapi mereka berulang kali disergap, menyebabkan banyak korban jiwa.<a href="#cite_note-smallwars-77">[76]</a> Sultan Said, bagaimanapun, dengan campur tangan infanteri Inggris (dua kompi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameronian_(Senapan_Skotlandia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cameronian (Senapan Skotlandia) (halaman belum tersedia)">Cameronian</a>), detasemen mobil lapis baja dari Angkatan Darat Inggris dan pesawat <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Udara Britania Raya">RAF</a>, mampu menekan pemberontakan.<a href="#cite_note-secretops-94">[92]</a> Pasukan Imamah mundur ke Jebel Akhdar yang sulit dijangkau.<a href="#cite_note-OmansInsurgencies-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-secretops-94">[92]</a> Kolonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Smiley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Smiley (halaman belum tersedia)">David Smiley</a>, yang diperbantukan untuk mengatur Angkatan Bersenjata Sultan, berhasil mengisolasi gunung tersebut pada musim gugur 1958 dan menemukan rute menuju dataran tinggi dari Wadi Bani Kharus.<a href="#cite_note-modernhistoryowtram-95">[93]</a> Pada tanggal 4 Agustus 1957, Menteri Luar Negeri Inggris memberikan persetujuan untuk melakukan serangan udara tanpa peringatan terlebih dahulu kepada penduduk lokal yang tinggal di pedalaman Oman.<a href="#cite_note-BA-83">[82]</a> Antara Juli dan Desember 1958, RAF Inggris melakukan 1.635 serangan, menjatuhkan 1.094 ton dan menembakkan 900 roket ke pedalaman Oman yang menargetkan pemberontak, desa di puncak gunung, saluran air, dan tanaman.<a href="#cite_note-GR-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-BA-83">[82]</a> Pada tanggal 27 Januari 1959, pasukan Kesultanan menduduki gunung tersebut dalam sebuah operasi mendadak.<a href="#cite_note-modernhistoryowtram-95">[93]</a> Imam Ghalib, saudaranya Talib dan Sulaiman berhasil melarikan diri ke <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>, di mana tujuan Imamah dipromosikan sampai tahun 1970-an.<a href="#cite_note-modernhistoryowtram-95">[93]</a> Partisan yang diasingkan dari Imamah Oman yang sekarang telah dihapuskan mengajukan kasus Oman ke <a href="/wiki/Liga_Arab" title="Liga Arab">Liga Arab</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LastImam-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-theNYTimes-97">[95]</a> Pada 11 Desember 1963, Majelis Umum PBB memutuskan untuk membentuk Komite Ad-Hoc di Oman untuk mempelajari 'Pertanyaan Oman' dan melapor kembali ke Majelis Umum.<a href="#cite_note-Ad-Hoc-98">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Umum_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Majelis Umum PBB</a> mengangkat resolusi 'Pertanyaan Oman' pada tahun 1965, 1966 dan sekali lagi pada tahun 1967 yang meminta pemerintah Inggris untuk menghentikan semua tindakan represif terhadap penduduk setempat, mengakhiri kendali Inggris atas Oman dan menegaskan kembali hak rakyat Oman yang tidak dapat dicabut atas penentuan nasib sendiri dan kemerdekaan.<a href="#cite_note-QoO-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-firstResAd-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-firstresolutiondetails-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-ResAd-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN1966-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN1966resolutions-103">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pemberontakan_Dhofar">Pemberontakan Dhofar</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Dhofar" title="Pemberontakan Dhofar">Pemberontakan Dhofar</a></div> Cadangan minyak di <a href="/wiki/Dhofar" title="Dhofar">Dhofar</a> ditemukan pada tahun 1964 dan ekstraksi dimulai pada tahun 1967. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Dhofar" title="Pemberontakan Dhofar">Pemberontakan Dhofar</a>, yang dimulai pada tahun 1965, pasukan pro-Soviet diadu melawan pasukan pemerintah. Saat pemberontakan mengancam kendali Sultan atas Dhofar, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudeta_Oman_1970&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kudeta Oman 1970 (halaman belum tersedia)">Sultan Said bin Taimur digulingkan</a> dalam kudeta tak berdarah (1970) oleh putranya <a href="/wiki/Qaboos_dari_Oman" title="Qaboos dari Oman">Qaboos bin Said</a>, yang memperluas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Bersenjata_Sultan_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Sultan Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Bersenjata Sultan Oman</a>, memodernisasi administrasi negara dan memperkenalkan reformasi sosial. Pemberontakan akhirnya dipadamkan pada tahun 1975 dengan bantuan pasukan dari Iran, Yordania, Pakistan dan <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Udara Britania Raya">Angkatan Udara Kerajaan Inggris</a>, tentara dan <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Layanan Udara Khusus</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemerintahan_Sultan_Qaboos_(1970–2020)">Pemerintahan Sultan Qaboos (1970–2020)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Omani_Qaboos_bin_Said_Al_Said_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Omani_Qaboos_bin_Said_Al_Said_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Omani_Qaboos_bin_Said_Al_Said_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Omani_Qaboos_bin_Said_Al_Said_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Omani_Qaboos_bin_Said_Al_Said_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Omani_Qaboos_bin_Said_Al_Said_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Omani_Qaboos_bin_Said_Al_Said_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Sultan <a href="/wiki/Qaboos_dari_Oman" title="Qaboos dari Oman">Qaboos bin Said</a>, yang pemerintahannya menyaksikan peningkatan standar hidup dan pembangunan, penghapusan perbudakan, akhir Pemberontakan Dhofar, dan pengumuman konstitusi Oman.</figcaption></figure> Setelah menggulingkan ayahnya pada tahun 1970, Sultan Qaboos membuka negaranya, memulai reformasi ekonomi, dan mengikuti kebijakan modernisasi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan pengeluaran untuk kesehatan, pendidikan, dan kesejahteraan.<a href="#cite_note-econhrot-104">[102]</a> Perbudakan, yang pernah menjadi landasan perdagangan dan pembangunan negara, dilarang pada tahun 1970.<a href="#cite_note-plackett-73">[72]</a> Pada tahun 1981, Oman menjadi anggota pendiri <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Kerjasama_untuk_Negara_Arab_di_Teluk" title="Dewan Kerjasama untuk Negara Arab di Teluk">Dewan Kerjasama Teluk</a> enam negara. Reformasi politik akhirnya diperkenalkan. Secara historis, pemilih terbatas untuk <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Oman" title="Dewan Oman">Dewan Permusyawaratan Negara</a>, kemudian <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Permusyawaratan_Oman" title="Majelis Permusyawaratan Oman">Majlis Al-Shura</a>, telah dipilih dari kalangan tokoh suku, intelektual, pemegang gelar, dan pengusaha. Pada tahun 1997, sebuah dekrit kerajaan dikeluarkan yang memberikan perempuan hak untuk memilih, dan mencalonkan diri dalam pemilihan Majlis al-Shura, Majelis Permusyawaratan Oman. Dua wanita terpilih untuk Dewan. Pada tahun 2002, hak suara diperluas untuk semua warga negara yang berusia di atas 21 tahun, dan pemilihan Majelis Permusyawaratan pertama di bawah aturan baru diadakan pada tahun 2003. Pada tahun 2004, Sultan menunjuk menteri perempuan pertama Oman dengan portofolio, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aisha_bint_Khalfan_bin_Jameel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aisha bint Khalfan bin Jameel (halaman belum tersedia)">Sheikha Aisha bint Khalfan bin Jameel al-Sayabiyah</a>. Dia ditunjuk sebagai Otoritas Nasional untuk Pengerjaan Industri, sebuah kantor yang berupaya melestarikan dan mempromosikan kerajinan tradisional Oman dan merangsang industri.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> Terlepas dari perubahan ini, hanya ada sedikit perubahan pada susunan politik pemerintah yang sebenarnya. Sultan terus memerintah dengan dekrit. Hampir 100 tersangka Islamis ditangkap pada tahun 2005 dan 31 orang dihukum karena berusaha menggulingkan pemerintah. Mereka akhirnya diampuni pada bulan Juni di tahun yang sama.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-106">[104]</a> Terinspirasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_dunia_Arab" title="Kebangkitan dunia Arab">pemberontakan Musim Semi Arab</a> yang terjadi di seluruh wilayah, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unjuk_rasa_Oman_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unjuk rasa Oman 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">protes terjadi di Oman</a> selama bulan-bulan awal tahun 2011. Meskipun mereka tidak menyerukan penggulingan rezim, para demonstran menuntut reformasi politik, perbaikan kondisi kehidupan, dan penciptaan lebih banyak pekerjaan. Mereka dibubarkan oleh polisi anti huru hara pada Februari 2011. Sultan Qaboos bereaksi dengan menjanjikan pekerjaan dan tunjangan. Pada bulan Oktober 2011, pemilihan Majelis Permusyawaratan diadakan, di mana Sultan Qaboos menjanjikan kekuatan yang lebih besar. Tahun berikutnya, pemerintah mulai menindak kritik internet. Pada bulan September 2012, persidangan dimulai terhadap 'aktivis' yang dituduh memposting kritik "kasar dan provokatif" terhadap pemerintah secara online. Enam orang dijatuhi hukuman penjara 12–18 bulan dan denda masing-masing sekitar $2.500.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Qaboos, penguasa terlama di dunia Arab, meninggal pada 10 Januari 2020, dan pemerintah mengumumkan 40 <a href="/wiki/Hari_berkabung_nasional" title="Hari berkabung nasional">hari berkabung nasional</a>. Ia dimakamkan keesokan harinya.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-108">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemerintahan_Sultan_Haitham_(2020–sekarang)">Pemerintahan Sultan Haitham (2020–sekarang)</h3></div> Pada 11 Januari 2020, Qaboos digantikan oleh sepupu pertamanya Sultan <a href="/wiki/Haitham_dari_Oman" title="Haitham dari Oman">Haitham bin Tariq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> Sultan Qaboos tidak memiliki anak.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Geografi_Oman" title="Geografi Oman">Geografi Oman</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wadi_Shab_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wadi_Shab_%286%29.jpg/170px-Wadi_Shab_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wadi_Shab_%286%29.jpg/255px-Wadi_Shab_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Wadi_Shab_%286%29.jpg/340px-Wadi_Shab_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2824" data-file-height="4236" /></a><figcaption>Wadi Shab</figcaption></figure> Oman terletak di bagian timur hingga tenggara <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Arab" title="Semenanjung Arab">Semenanjung Arab</a>, di antara garis lintang 16° dan 28° LU, dan garis bujur 52° dan 60° BT; berbatasan darat dengan <a href="/wiki/Persatuan_Emirat_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Persatuan Emirat Arab">Persatuan Emirat Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Republik_Yaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Yaman">Republik Yaman</a>. Di sebelah timur laut dan tenggara, negara ini berhadapan dengan <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Oman" title="Teluk Oman">Teluk Oman</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Laut_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Laut Arabia">Laut Arabia</a>. Sebagian besar Oman tengah meliputi dataran gurun berkerikil yang luas, dengan pegunungan di sepanjang utara (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegunungan_al-Hajar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegunungan al-Hajar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pegunungan al-Hajar</a>) dan pantai tenggara (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegunungan_Dhofar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegunungan Dhofar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pegunungan Qara</a> atau Dhofar),<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> di mana kota-kota utama negara berada: ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Muskat" title="Muskat">Muskat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sur,_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sur, Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Sur</a> di utara, dan <a href="/wiki/Shalalah" title="Shalalah">Salalah</a> di selatan dan <a href="/wiki/Musandam" title="Musandam">Musandam</a>. Selama zaman dulu, Oman ditutupi oleh lautan, sebagaimana dibuktikan dengan banyaknya fosil kerang yang ditemukan di daerah gurun yang jauh dari garis pantai modern. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Oman-Oasis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oman-Oasis.jpg/220px-Oman-Oasis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oman-Oasis.jpg/330px-Oman-Oasis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oman-Oasis.jpg/440px-Oman-Oasis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">Oasis</a> di Oman</figcaption></figure> Semenanjung eksklaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semenanjung_Musandam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semenanjung Musandam (halaman belum tersedia)">Musandam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Musandam" title="Musandam">Musandem</a>), yang secara strategis terletak di <a href="/wiki/Selat_Hormuz" title="Selat Hormuz">Selat Hormuz</a>, dipisahkan dari Oman lainnya oleh <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jkrogh-113">[111]</a> Serangkaian kota kecil yang dikenal secara kolektif sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibba (halaman belum tersedia)">Dibba</a> adalah pintu gerbang ke semenanjung Musandam di darat dan desa nelayan Musandam melalui laut, yang dapat dituju dengan perahu sewaan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khasab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khasab (halaman belum tersedia)">Khasab</a> melalui laut. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:SurOman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/SurOman.jpg/220px-SurOman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/SurOman.jpg/330px-SurOman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/SurOman.jpg/440px-SurOman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Pantai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sur,_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sur, Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Sur, Oman</a></figcaption></figure> Eksklaf Oman lainnya, di dalam wilayah UEA, dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a>, terletak di tengah-tengah antara Semenanjung Musandam dan daratan utama Oman,<a href="#cite_note-jkrogh-113">[111]</a> dan bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Musandam" title="Musandam">kegubernuran Musandam</a>, meliputi wilayah seluas sekitar 75 km2 (29 sq mi). Batas Madha diselesaikan pada tahun 1969, dengan sudut timur laut Madha hampir 10 m (32,8 kaki) dari jalan <a href="/wiki/Fujairah" title="Fujairah">Fujairah</a>. Di dalam eksklave Madha terdapat enklave UEA yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Nahwa" title="Nahwa">Nahwa</a>, milik <a href="/wiki/Keamiran_Sharjah" title="Keamiran Sharjah">Keamiran Sharjah</a>, terletak sekitar 8 km (5 mil) di sepanjang jalur tanah di sebelah barat kota Madha Baru, dan terdiri dari sekitar empat puluh rumah dengan klinik dan sentral telepon.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> Gurun tengah Oman merupakan sumber penting <a href="/wiki/Meteorit" title="Meteorit">meteorit</a> untuk analisis ilmiah.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iklim">Iklim</h3></div> Sebagian besar wilayah Oman terdiri dari gurun yang kering dengan daerah pesisir yang lembab dan daratan bagian dalam yang panas dan kering. Oman bagian tengah hampir seluruhnya merupakan gurun yang nyaris datar, sedangkan di utara dan selatan terdapat pegunungan berbatu yang membatasinya dengan pesisir. Oman memiliki <a href="/wiki/Iklim_gurun" title="Iklim gurun">iklim gurun</a> yang panas dan <a href="/wiki/Presipitasi_(meteorologi)" title="Presipitasi (meteorologi)">curah hujan</a> yang sangat sedikit – yang membuat bagian dalam Oman nyaris tidak berpenghuni – sehingga kantong-kantong penduduk lebih banyak tersebar di sekitar pantai. Curah hujan tahunan di <a href="/wiki/Muskat" title="Muskat">Muskat</a> rata-rata 100 mm (3,9 in), sebagian besar turun di bulan Januari. <a href="/wiki/Dhofar" title="Dhofar">Dhofar</a> tunduk pada monsun barat daya, dan curah hujan hingga 640 mm (25,2 in) telah tercatat di musim hujan dari akhir Juni hingga Oktober. Sementara daerah <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan" title="Pegunungan">pegunungan</a> menerima lebih banyak curah hujan, beberapa bagian pantai, khususnya di dekat pulau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masirah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masirah (halaman belum tersedia)">Masirah</a>, kadang-kadang tidak menerima hujan sama sekali dalam setahun. Biasanya cuacanya sangat panas, dengan suhu mencapai sekitar 50 °C (122,0 °F) (puncak) di musim panas, dari Mei hingga September. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Data_iklim_Muskat">Data iklim Muskat</h4></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Data iklim Muskat </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bulan </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Januari">Jan</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Februari">Feb</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Maret">Mar</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="April">Apr</abbr> </th> <th>Mei </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juni">Jun</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juli">Jul</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Agustus">Agt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="September">Sep</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Oktober">Okt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="November">Nov</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Desember">Des</abbr> </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Tahun </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF2F00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF1600;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">38.2 (100.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">41.5 (106.7) </td> <td style="background:#D00000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">44.9 (112.8) </td> <td style="background:#A10000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">48.3 (118.9) </td> <td style="background:#9E0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">48.5 (119.3) </td> <td style="background:#960000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">49.1 (120.4) </td> <td style="background:#940000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">49.2 (120.6) </td> <td style="background:#B00000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">47.2 (117) </td> <td style="background:#E20000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">43.6 (110.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF0E00;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">39.4 (102.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF1900;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">37.8 (100) </td> <td style="background:#940000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">49.2 (120.6) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF6E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF6A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">26.1 (79) </td> <td style="background:#FF5000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF2E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34.7 (94.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF0D00;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">39.5 (103.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF0700;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">40.4 (104.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">38.6 (101.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF2400;color:#000000;text-align:center;">36.2 (97.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF2300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">36.3 (97.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF2C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35.0 (95) </td> <td style="background:#FF4B00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.5 (86.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF6300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF3800;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">33.31 (91.96) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata harian °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF8B17;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.3 (70.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF870F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF7000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF5000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF3200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF2B00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">35.2 (95.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF3100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34.3 (93.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF4100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF4500;color:#000000;text-align:center;">31.4 (88.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF5100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.7 (85.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF6C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF8205;color:#000000;text-align:center;">22.6 (72.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF5800;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">28.61 (83.5) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FFA64E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background:#FFA44A;color:#000000;text-align:center;">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF8F1F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.7 (69.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF7300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.7 (76.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF5500;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.1 (84.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF4B00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.6 (87.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF4C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF5A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF6000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF7200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF8D1C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF9B38;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.9 (66) </td> <td style="background:#FF7600;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">24.25 (75.65) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#EFEFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background:#F3F3FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">2.3 (36.1) </td> <td style="background:#FFEDDC;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7.0 (44.6) </td> <td style="background:#FFD7AF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background:#FFA74F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">17.2 (63) </td> <td style="background:#FF8913;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF8B17;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.3 (70.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF9B37;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background:#FFBB77;color:#000000;text-align:center;">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background:#FFDDBB;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4.5 (40.1) </td> <td style="background:#EFEFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">1.6 (34.9) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16"><a href="/wiki/Presipitasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Presipitasi">Presipitasi</a> mm (inci) </th> <td style="background:#EBFFEB;color:#000000;text-align:center;">12.8 (0.504) </td> <td style="background:#D6FFD6;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.5 (0.965) </td> <td style="background:#E7FFE7;color:#000000;text-align:center;">15.9 (0.626) </td> <td style="background:#E4FFE4;color:#000000;text-align:center;">17.1 (0.673) </td> <td style="background:#F4FFF4;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7.0 (0.276) </td> <td style="background:#FDFFFD;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.9 (0.035) </td> <td style="background:#FEFFFE;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.2 (0.008) </td> <td style="background:#FDFFFD;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.8 (0.031) </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">0.0 (0) </td> <td style="background:#FDFFFD;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.0 (0.039) </td> <td style="background:#F4FFF4;color:#000000;text-align:center;">6.8 (0.268) </td> <td style="background:#EBFFEB;color:#000000;text-align:center;">13.3 (0.524) </td> <td style="background:#F2FFF2;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">100.3 (3.949) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">% <a href="/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan">kelembapan</a> </th> <td style="background:#0E0EFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">63 </td> <td style="background:#0A0AFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">64 </td> <td style="background:#2121FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">58 </td> <td style="background:#5252FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">45 </td> <td style="background:#5E5EFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">42 </td> <td style="background:#4343FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">49 </td> <td style="background:#1919FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">60 </td> <td style="background:#0000FD;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">67 </td> <td style="background:#0E0EFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">63 </td> <td style="background:#2C2CFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">55 </td> <td style="background:#1919FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">60 </td> <td style="background:#0606FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">65 </td> <td style="background:#2222FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">57.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata sinar matahari bulanan </th> <td style="background:#E7E700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">268.6 </td> <td style="background:#E7E700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">244.8 </td> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">278.3 </td> <td style="background:#EFEF0C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">292.5 </td> <td style="background:#F9F925;color:#000000;text-align:center;">347.4 </td> <td style="background:#F6F61F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">325.7 </td> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">277.7 </td> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">278.6 </td> <td style="background:#F1F113;color:#000000;text-align:center;">303.9 </td> <td style="background:#F2F214;color:#000000;text-align:center;">316.9 </td> <td style="background:#EEEE0C;color:#000000;text-align:center;">291.9 </td> <td style="background:#E7E700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">267.0 </td> <td style="background:#EDED09;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">3.493,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%">Sumber: NOAA (1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOAAMuscat-116">[114]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Data_iklim_Salalah">Data iklim Salalah</h4></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Data iklim Salalah </th></tr> <tr> <th>Bulan </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Januari">Jan</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Februari">Feb</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Maret">Mar</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="April">Apr</abbr> </th> <th>Mei </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juni">Jun</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Juli">Jul</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Agustus">Agt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="September">Sep</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Oktober">Okt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="November">Nov</abbr> </th> <th><abbr class="abbr" title="Desember">Des</abbr> </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Tahun </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF3F00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.3 (90.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF3500;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33.8 (92.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF2100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">36.7 (98.1) </td> <td style="background:#E20000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">43.6 (110.5) </td> <td style="background:#F30000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">42.3 (108.1) </td> <td style="background:#EA0000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">43.0 (109.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF3C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.7 (90.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF4600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">31.3 (88.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF3A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">33.0 (91.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF0900;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">40.1 (104.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF1C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF3200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background:#E20000;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">43.6 (110.5) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata tertinggi °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF6000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF5D00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.9 (82.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF4F00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF4300;color:#000000;text-align:center;">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF3E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF4200;color:#000000;text-align:center;">31.8 (89.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF5A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF6100;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.3 (81.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF5600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF4B00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.5 (86.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF4900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF5800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">28.7 (83.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF5100;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">29.66 (85.38) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata harian °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FF8001;color:#000000;text-align:center;">22.9 (73.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF7A00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF6E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.5 (77.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF5F00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF5600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF5600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">29.0 (84.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF6800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">26.4 (79.5) </td> <td style="background:#FF7000;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF6800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">26.3 (79.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF6800;color:#000000;text-align:center;">26.3 (79.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF6B00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF7900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.9 (75) </td> <td style="background:#FF6B00;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">25.97 (78.75) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FFA246;color:#000000;text-align:center;">17.9 (64.2) </td> <td style="background:#FF9934;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF8D1B;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF6D00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">25.6 (78.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF6700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF7700;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF7E00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF8913;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF9123;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF9C39;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background:#FF850C;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">22.09 (71.77) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rekor terendah °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#FFC78F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background:#FFD3A8;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.8 (51.4) </td> <td style="background:#FFBA75;color:#000000;text-align:center;">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background:#FFA144;color:#000000;text-align:center;">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF9021;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000;text-align:center;">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background:#FF870F;color:#000000;text-align:center;">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background:#FF9022;color:#000000;text-align:center;">20.5 (68.9) </td> <td style="background:#FF9A35;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background:#FFAC59;color:#000000;text-align:center;">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background:#FFB66E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">15.0 (59) </td> <td style="background:#FFBC7A;color:#000000;text-align:center;">14.1 (57.4) </td> <td style="background:#FFD3A8;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">10.8 (51.4) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16"><a href="/wiki/Presipitasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Presipitasi">Presipitasi</a> mm (inci) </th> <td style="background:#FBFBFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">2.2 (0.087) </td> <td style="background:#F3F3FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">7.0 (0.276) </td> <td style="background:#F5F5FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">6.3 (0.248) </td> <td style="background:#E0E0FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">19.8 (0.78) </td> <td style="background:#E5E5FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">17.1 (0.673) </td> <td style="background:#EEEEFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">10.6 (0.417) </td> <td style="background:#DADAFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.6 (0.969) </td> <td style="background:#DADAFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">24.5 (0.965) </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4.1 (0.161) </td> <td style="background:#F8F8FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">4.1 (0.161) </td> <td style="background:#F0F0FF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">9.6 (0.378) </td> <td style="background:#FDFDFF;color:#000000;text-align:center;">1.1 (0.043) </td> <td style="background:#EEEEFF;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">131 (5.158) </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">% <a href="/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan">kelembapan</a> </th> <td style="background:#3F3FFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">50 </td> <td style="background:#2121FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">58 </td> <td style="background:#1111FF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">62 </td> <td style="background:#0000F9;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">68 </td> <td style="background:#0000DF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">75 </td> <td style="background:#0000CB;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">80 </td> <td style="background:#0000A9;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">89 </td> <td style="background:#0000A5;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">90 </td> <td style="background:#0000C8;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">81 </td> <td style="background:#0000FD;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">67 </td> <td style="background:#2C2CFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">55 </td> <td style="background:#3F3FFF;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">50 </td> <td style="background:#0000F6;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">68.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Rata-rata sinar matahari bulanan </th> <td style="background:#ECEC05;color:#000000;text-align:center;">289.6 </td> <td style="background:#EAEA02;color:#000000;text-align:center;">256.8 </td> <td style="background:#EEEE0A;color:#000000;text-align:center;">297.6 </td> <td style="background:#F2F215;color:#000000;text-align:center;">308.3 </td> <td style="background:#F6F61E;color:#000000;text-align:center;">335.1 </td> <td style="background:#D9D900;color:#000000;text-align:center;">199.5 </td> <td style="background:#505050;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">43.9 </td> <td style="background:#4D4D4D;color:#FFFFFF;text-align:center;">42.4 </td> <td style="background:#D6D600;color:#000000;text-align:center;">188.0 </td> <td style="background:#F1F113;color:#000000;text-align:center;">314.7 </td> <td style="background:#F1F113;color:#000000;text-align:center;">304.7 </td> <td style="background:#EDED09;color:#000000;text-align:center;">296.8 </td> <td style="background:#E1E100;color:#000000;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">2.877,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%">Sumber: NOAA (period of record varies, see source)<a href="#cite_note-NOAASalalah-117">[115]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumber_daya_alam">Sumber daya alam</h3></div> Oman memiliki sumber daya alam berupa <a href="/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi">minyak bumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmer">marmer</a> terbatas, <a href="/wiki/Batu_kapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Batu kapur">batu kapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gipsum" title="Gipsum">gipsum</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gas_alam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas alam">gas alam</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keanekaragaman_hayati">Keanekaragaman hayati</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nakhalfarms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhalfarms.jpg/220px-Nakhalfarms.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhalfarms.jpg/330px-Nakhalfarms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhalfarms.jpg/440px-Nakhalfarms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Pertanian pohon palem Nakhal di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Region_al-Batinah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Region al-Batinah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilayah Batina</a> Oman</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-Whales-of-the-Arabian-Sea-pone.0114162.s001.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-Whales-of-the-Arabian-Sea-pone.0114162.s001.tif/lossy-page1-220px-The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-Whales-of-the-Arabian-Sea-pone.0114162.s001.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-Whales-of-the-Arabian-Sea-pone.0114162.s001.tif/lossy-page1-330px-The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-Whales-of-the-Arabian-Sea-pone.0114162.s001.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-Whales-of-the-Arabian-Sea-pone.0114162.s001.tif/lossy-page1-440px-The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-Whales-of-the-Arabian-Sea-pone.0114162.s001.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1337" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paus_bungkuk" title="Paus bungkuk">Paus bungkuk</a> Laut Arab yang tidak bermigrasi dari <a href="/wiki/Dhofar" title="Dhofar">Dhofar</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurun_dan_semak_xeric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurun dan semak xeric (halaman belum tersedia)">Semak gurun</a> dan rumput gurun, yang umum di Arab selatan, ditemukan di Oman, tetapi vegetasi jarang ditemukan di dataran tinggi bagian dalam, yang sebagian besar merupakan gurun <a href="/wiki/Kerikil" title="Kerikil">berkerikil</a>. Curah hujan monsun yang lebih besar di Dhofar dan pegunungan membuat pertumbuhan di sana lebih subur selama musim panas; pohon kelapa tumbuh subur di dataran pantai Dhofar dan kemenyan diproduksi di perbukitan, dengan <a href="/wiki/Oleander" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleander">oleander</a> yang melimpah dan varietas <a href="/wiki/Akasia" title="Akasia">akasia</a>. Pegunungan Al Hajar adalah <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_ekologi" title="Kawasan ekologi">ekoregion</a> yang berbeda, titik tertinggi di Arab timur dengan satwa liar termasuk <a href="/wiki/Tahr_arab" title="Tahr arab">tahr Arab</a>. Mamalia asli termasuk <a href="/wiki/Macan_tutul" title="Macan tutul">macan tutul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubuk" title="Dubuk">hyena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubah" title="Rubah">rubah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serigala" title="Serigala">serigala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelinci" title="Kelinci">kelinci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oryx" class="mw-redirect" title="Oryx">oryx</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibex (halaman belum tersedia)">ibex</a>. Burung termasuk <a href="/wiki/Hering" title="Hering">hering</a>, elang, bangau, bustard, ayam hutan Arab, pemakan lebah, elang dan sunbird. Pada tahun 2001, Oman memiliki sembilan spesies mamalia yang terancam punah, lima jenis burung yang terancam punah,<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> dan sembilan belas spesies tanaman yang terancam punah. Dekrit telah dikeluarkan untuk melindungi spesies yang terancam punah, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Macan_tutul_arabia" title="Macan tutul arabia">macan tutul Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriks_arab" title="Oriks arab">kijang Arab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kijang_gunung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kijang gunung (halaman belum tersedia)">kijang gunung</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kijang_gondok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kijang gondok (halaman belum tersedia)">kijang gondok</a>, tahr Arab, <a href="/wiki/Penyu_hijau" title="Penyu hijau">penyu hijau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penyu_sisik" title="Penyu sisik">penyu sisik</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Penyu_lekang" title="Penyu lekang">penyu belimbing zaitun</a>. Namun, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suaka_Margasatwa_di_Al_Wusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suaka Margasatwa di Al Wusta (halaman belum tersedia)">Cagar Alam Oryx Arab</a> adalah situs pertama yang dihapus dari <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Situs_Warisan_Dunia" title="Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia">Daftar Warisan Dunia</a> <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Pendidikan,_Keilmuan,_dan_Kebudayaan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Organisasi Pendidikan, Keilmuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">UNESCO</a>, menyusul keputusan pemerintah tahun 2007 untuk mengurangi area situs sebesar 90% untuk membuka jalan bagi pencari minyak.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Osprey_yiti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Osprey_yiti.jpg/170px-Osprey_yiti.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Osprey_yiti.jpg/255px-Osprey_yiti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Osprey_yiti.jpg/340px-Osprey_yiti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1884" data-file-height="2377" /></a><figcaption>Osprey di Pantai Yiti, Oman</figcaption></figure> Entitas lokal dan nasional telah mencatat perlakuan tidak etis terhadap hewan di Oman. Secara khusus, anjing liar (dan pada tingkat lebih rendah, kucing liar) sering menjadi korban penyiksaan, pelecehan atau pengabaian.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> Satu-satunya metode yang disetujui untuk mengurangi populasi anjing liar adalah penembakan oleh petugas polisi. Pemerintah Oman telah menolak untuk menerapkan program spay dan neuter atau membuat tempat penampungan hewan di negara tersebut. Kucing, meski dipandang lebih dapat diterima daripada anjing, dipandang sebagai hama dan sering mati kelaparan atau sakit.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, Oman telah menjadi salah satu tempat baru untuk wisata <a href="/wiki/Pengamatan_paus" title="Pengamatan paus">mengamati paus</a>, menyoroti <a href="/wiki/Paus_bungkuk" title="Paus bungkuk">paus bungkuk</a> Arab yang terancam punah, populasi non-<a href="/wiki/Migrasi_hewan" title="Migrasi hewan">migrasi</a> yang paling terisolasi dan satu-satunya di dunia, <a href="/wiki/Paus_sperma" title="Paus sperma">paus sperma</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Paus_biru_kerdil" title="Paus biru kerdil">paus biru kerdil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Politik_Oman" title="Politik Oman">Politik Oman</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Oman-Muscat-16-Sultans-Palace-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Oman-Muscat-16-Sultans-Palace-2.JPG/220px-Oman-Muscat-16-Sultans-Palace-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Oman-Muscat-16-Sultans-Palace-2.JPG/330px-Oman-Muscat-16-Sultans-Palace-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Oman-Muscat-16-Sultans-Palace-2.JPG/440px-Oman-Muscat-16-Sultans-Palace-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Istana Sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istana_al-Alam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istana al-Alam (halaman belum tersedia)">Al Alam</a> di Muskat Lama</figcaption></figure> Oman adalah <a href="/wiki/Negara_kesatuan" title="Negara kesatuan">negara kesatuan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_mutlak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan mutlak">monarki absolut</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Oman-abs-124">[122]</a> di mana semua kekuasaan legislatif, eksekutif, dan yudikatif pada akhirnya berada di tangan Sultan yang turun-temurun. Akibatnya, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> secara rutin menilai negara itu "Tidak Bebas".<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> Sultan adalah kepala negara dan secara langsung mengontrol urusan luar negeri dan portofolio pertahanan.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Dia memiliki kekuasaan mutlak dan mengeluarkan <a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_melalui_dekret" title="Pemerintahan melalui dekret">hukum melalui dekrit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fh12-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-econwut-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistem_hukum">Sistem hukum</h3></div> Oman adalah monarki absolut, dengan perkataan Sultan memiliki kekuatan hukum. Cabang peradilan berada di bawah Sultan. Menurut konstitusi Oman, hukum <a href="/wiki/Syariat_Islam" title="Syariat Islam">Syariah</a> adalah salah satu sumber legislasi. Departemen pengadilan syariah dalam sistem pengadilan sipil bertanggung jawab atas masalah hukum keluarga, seperti perceraian dan warisan. Sementara kekuasaan tertinggi terkonsentrasi di Sultan, dan Oman tidak memiliki <a href="/wiki/Pemisahan_kekuasaan" title="Pemisahan kekuasaan">pemisahan kekuasaan</a> resmi. Mendiang Sultan Qaboos menolak memberikan tanggung jawab penuh Menteri Pertahanan, Menteri Luar Negeri dan Menteri Keuangan dalam menjalankan fungsi masing-masing, lebih memilih untuk mempertahankannya di dalam kekuasaan Kerajaan. Sultan Haitham saat ini telah memberikan gelar penuh kepada para menteri yang bertanggung jawab atas jabatan tersebut, sambil mengangkat pejabat pertahanan menjadi wakil perdana menteri. Sejak tahun 1970 semua undang-undang telah diumumkan melalui dekrit kerajaan, termasuk Undang-Undang Dasar tahun 1996. Sultan menunjuk para menteri, para hakim, dan dapat memberikan grasi dan pengurangan hukuman. Otoritas Sultan tidak dapat diganggu gugat dan Sultan mengharapkan penyerahan total atas kehendaknya.<a href="#cite_note-rule-129">[127]</a> Administrasi peradilan sangat dipersonalisasi, dengan perlindungan proses hukum yang terbatas, khususnya dalam kasus-kasus politik dan keamanan.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Dasar_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Dasar Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Undang-Undang Dasar Negara</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> dianggap sebagai landasan sistem hukum Oman dan beroperasi sebagai konstitusi negara. Undang-Undang Dasar dikeluarkan pada tahun 1996 dan sejauh ini hanya diubah dua kali: pada tahun 2011,<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> sebagai tanggapan atas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unjuk_rasa_Oman_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unjuk rasa Oman 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">protes</a>; dan pada tahun 2021, menciptakan jabatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Putra_Mahkota_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putra Mahkota Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Putra Mahkota Oman</a>. Meskipun kode hukum Oman secara teoretis melindungi kebebasan sipil dan kebebasan pribadi, keduanya sering diabaikan oleh rezim. Perempuan dan anak-anak menghadapi diskriminasi hukum di banyak bidang. Perempuan dikecualikan dari tunjangan negara tertentu, seperti pinjaman perumahan, dan hak yang sama ditolak di bawah undang-undang status pribadi. Perempuan juga mengalami pembatasan atas penentuan nasib sendiri sehubungan dengan hak-hak kesehatan dan reproduksi.<a href="#cite_note-rule-129">[127]</a> Legislatif Oman adalah <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Oman" title="Dewan Oman">Dewan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_dua_kamar" title="Sistem dua kamar">bikameral</a> Oman, yang terdiri dari majelis tinggi, <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara_Oman" title="Dewan Negara Oman">Dewan Negara</a> (Majlis ad-Dawlah) dan majelis rendah, <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Permusyawaratan_Oman" title="Majelis Permusyawaratan Oman">Majelis Permusyawaratan</a> (Majlis ash-Shoura).<a href="#cite_note-arparl-133">[131]</a> Partai politik dilarang, begitu pula afiliasi berdasarkan agama.<a href="#cite_note-econwut-128">[126]</a> Majelis tinggi memiliki 71 anggota, yang ditunjuk oleh Sultan dari kalangan terkemuka Oman; ia hanya memiliki kekuasaan penasehat.<a href="#cite_note-cialegbr-134">[132]</a> 84 anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan dipilih dengan hak pilih universal untuk menjabat selama empat tahun.<a href="#cite_note-cialegbr-134">[132]</a> Para anggota diangkat untuk masa jabatan tiga tahun, yang dapat diperpanjang satu kali.<a href="#cite_note-arparl-133">[131]</a> Pemilihan terakhir diadakan pada 27 Oktober 2019, dan pemilihan berikutnya dijadwalkan pada Oktober 2023. Lagu kebangsaan Oman, <a href="/wiki/As-Salam_as-Sultani" title="As-Salam as-Sultani">As-Salam as-Sultani</a> didedikasikan untuk mantan Sultan Qaboos. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kebijakan_luar_negeri">Kebijakan luar negeri</h3></div> Sejak tahun 1970, Oman menjalankan kebijakan luar negeri yang moderat, dan telah memperluas hubungan diplomatiknya secara dramatis. Oman adalah salah satu dari sedikit negara Arab yang mempertahankan hubungan persahabatan dengan <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pop-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> mengungkap kabel diplomatik AS yang menyatakan bahwa Oman membantu membebaskan para pelaut Inggris yang ditangkap oleh angkatan laut Iran pada tahun 2007.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> Kabel yang sama juga menggambarkan pemerintah Oman ingin menjaga hubungan baik dengan Iran, dan secara konsisten menolak tekanan diplomatik AS untuk mengambil sikap tegas.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_bin_Alawi_bin_Abdullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf bin Alawi bin Abdullah (halaman belum tersedia)">Yusuf bin Alawi bin Abdullah</a> adalah Menteri Kesultanan yang Bertanggung Jawab untuk Urusan Luar Negeri. Oman mengizinkan <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Laut Britania Raya">Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Inggris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_India" title="Angkatan Laut India">Angkatan Laut India</a> mengakses fasilitas pelabuhan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelabuhan_Duqm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelabuhan Duqm (halaman belum tersedia)">Al Duqm Port & Drydo</a>ck.<a href="#cite_note-ie-141">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militer">Militer</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Portsmouth_korvet_Al-Shamikh_Oman_18-10-2011_15-15-51.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Portsmouth_korvet_Al-Shamikh_Oman_18-10-2011_15-15-51.png/300px-Portsmouth_korvet_Al-Shamikh_Oman_18-10-2011_15-15-51.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Portsmouth_korvet_Al-Shamikh_Oman_18-10-2011_15-15-51.png/450px-Portsmouth_korvet_Al-Shamikh_Oman_18-10-2011_15-15-51.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Portsmouth_korvet_Al-Shamikh_Oman_18-10-2011_15-15-51.png/600px-Portsmouth_korvet_Al-Shamikh_Oman_18-10-2011_15-15-51.png 2x" data-file-width="3996" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Laut_Kerajaan_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Oman</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korvet_kelas_Khareef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korvet kelas Khareef (halaman belum tersedia)">korvet kelas Khareef</a>, Al-Shamikh</figcaption></figure> Perkiraan <a href="/wiki/Institut_Penelitian_Perdamaian_Internasional_Stockholm" title="Institut Penelitian Perdamaian Internasional Stockholm">SIPRI</a> tentang pengeluaran militer dan keamanan Oman sebagai persentase dari PDB pada tahun 2020 adalah 11 persen, menjadikannya angka tertinggi di dunia pada tahun itu, lebih tinggi dari <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> (8,4 persen).<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> Pengeluaran militer rata-rata Oman sebagai persentase dari PDB antara 2016 dan 2018 adalah sekitar 10 persen, sedangkan rata-rata dunia selama periode yang sama adalah 2,2 persen.<a href="#cite_note-WBMS-143">[141]</a> Tenaga militer Oman mencapai 44.100 pada tahun 2006, termasuk 25.000 tentara, 4.200 pelaut di angkatan laut, dan angkatan udara dengan 4.100 personel. <a href="/wiki/Rumah_Tangga_Istana" title="Rumah Tangga Istana">Rumah Tangga Kerajaan</a> mempertahankan 5.000 Penjaga, 1.000 di Pasukan Khusus, 150 pelaut di armada Royal Yacht, dan 250 pilot dan personel darat di skuadron Royal Flight. Oman juga memiliki pasukan paramiliter berukuran sedang yang terdiri dari 4.400 orang.<a href="#cite_note-cordesman-144">[142]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Kerajaan_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Kerajaan Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Tentara Kerajaan Oman</a> memiliki 25.000 personel aktif pada tahun 2006, ditambah kontingen kecil pasukan Rumah Tangga Kerajaan. Meskipun pengeluaran militer relatif besar, modernisasi pasukannya relatif lambat. Oman memiliki jumlah tank yang relatif terbatas, termasuk 6 <a href="/wiki/Tank_M60" title="Tank M60">M60A1</a>, 73 <a href="/wiki/Tank_M60" title="Tank M60">M60A3</a> dan 38 tank tempur utama <a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a>, serta 37 tank ringan <a href="/wiki/Tank_Scorpion" title="Tank Scorpion">Scorpion</a> yang menua.<a href="#cite_note-cordesman-144">[142]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Udara_Kerajaan_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Udara Kerajaan Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Udara Kerajaan Oman</a> memiliki sekitar 4.100 orang, dengan 36 pesawat tempur dan tanpa helikopter bersenjata. Pesawat tempur termasuk 20 <a href="/wiki/SEPECAT_Jaguar" title="SEPECAT Jaguar">Jaguar</a> tua, 12 <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk" title="BAE Systems Hawk">Hawk</a> Mk 203, 4 Hawk Mk 103, dan 12 pelatih turboprop <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-9" title="Pilatus PC-9">PC-9</a> dengan kemampuan tempur terbatas. Ini memiliki satu skuadron 12 pesawat <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a>C/D. Oman juga memiliki 4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=FFA_AS_202_Bravo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FFA AS 202 Bravo (halaman belum tersedia)">A202-18 Bravo</a> dan <a href="/wiki/PAC_MFI-17_Mushshak" title="PAC MFI-17 Mushshak">8 MFI-17B Mushshaq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cordesman-144">[142]</a> Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Oman memiliki 4.200 orang pada tahun 2000, dan berkantor pusat di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seeb (halaman belum tersedia)">Seeb</a>. Ini memiliki basis di Ahwi, Pulau Ghanam, <a href="/wiki/Musandam" title="Musandam">Mussandam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Shalalah" title="Shalalah">Salalah</a>. Pada tahun 2006, Oman memiliki 10 kapal tempur permukaan. Ini termasuk dua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korvet_kelas_Qahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korvet kelas Qahir (halaman belum tersedia)">korvet kelas Qahir</a> seberat 1.450 ton, dan 8 <a href="/wiki/Kapal_patroli" title="Kapal patroli">kapal patroli</a> laut. Angkatan Laut Oman memiliki satu LSL <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasr_al_Bahr_(L2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasr al Bahr (L2) (halaman belum tersedia)">kelas Nasr al Bahr</a> seberat 2.500 ton (240 tentara, 7 tank) dengan dek helikopter. Oman juga memiliki sedikitnya empat <a href="/wiki/Kapal_pendarat" title="Kapal pendarat">kapal pendarat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cordesman-144">[142]</a> Oman memesan tiga korvet kelas Khareef dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=VT_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VT Group (halaman belum tersedia)">VT Group</a> seharga £400 juta pada tahun 2007. Mereka dibangun di <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Pada tahun 2010 Oman menghabiskan US$4,074 miliar untuk <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_pengeluaran_militer" title="Daftar negara menurut pengeluaran militer">pengeluaran militer</a>, 8,5% dari produk domestik bruto.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Kesultanan ini memiliki sejarah panjang dalam hubungan dengan industri militer dan pertahanan Inggris.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> Menurut SIPRI, Oman adalah importir senjata terbesar ke-23 dari tahun 2012 hingga 2016.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hak_Asasi_Manusia">Hak Asasi Manusia</h3></div> Praktik penyiksaan tersebar luas di lembaga pemasyarakatan negara bagian Oman. Metode-metode penyiksaan yang digunakan termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksekusi_pura-pura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksekusi pura-pura (halaman belum tersedia)">eksekusi pura-pura</a>, pemukulan, penutup kepala, kurungan isolasi, pemaksaan suhu ekstrem dan kebisingan terus-menerus, pelecehan dan penghinaan.<a href="#cite_note-torture-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-torture-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-prev-150">[148]</a> Ada banyak laporan tentang penyiksaan dan bentuk hukuman tidak manusiawi lainnya yang dilakukan oleh pasukan keamanan Oman terhadap pengunjuk rasa dan tahanan.<a href="#cite_note-bti-151">[149]</a> Beberapa tahanan yang ditahan pada tahun 2012 mengeluhkan kurang tidur, suhu ekstrem, dan sel isolasi.<a href="#cite_note-report-152">[150]</a> Otoritas Oman menahan Sultan al-Saadi, seorang aktivis media sosial, di sel isolasi, menolak aksesnya ke pengacara dan keluarganya, memaksanya untuk mengenakan tas hitam di atas kepalanya setiap kali dia meninggalkan selnya, termasuk saat menggunakan toilet, dan diberitahu keluarganya telah "meninggalkan" dia dan meminta dia untuk dipenjara.<a href="#cite_note-report-152">[150]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mohammed_Al-fazari.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mohammed_Al-fazari.jpeg/170px-Mohammed_Al-fazari.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mohammed_Al-fazari.jpeg/255px-Mohammed_Al-fazari.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mohammed_Al-fazari.jpeg/340px-Mohammed_Al-fazari.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1334" /></a><figcaption>Mohammed Alfazari, seorang penulis dan jurnalis yang bukunya dilarang di Oman hingga diasingkan, sekarang tinggal di Inggris. Beliau juga merupakan pendiri dan EIC Muwatin.<a href="#cite_note-omanhrw-153">[151]</a></figcaption></figure> Pemerintah Oman memutuskan siapa yang bisa atau tidak bisa menjadi jurnalis dan izin ini bisa dicabut kapan saja.<a href="#cite_note-qaboos-154">[152]</a> Penyensoran dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyensoran_diri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyensoran diri (halaman belum tersedia)">penyensoran diri</a> adalah faktor yang konstan.<a href="#cite_note-qaboos-154">[152]</a> Warga Oman memiliki akses terbatas ke informasi politik melalui media.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> Akses ke berita dan informasi bisa bermasalah: jurnalis harus puas dengan berita yang disusun oleh kantor berita resmi tentang beberapa isu. Melalui keputusan Sultan, pemerintah kini memperluas kontrolnya atas media ke blog dan situs web lainnya. Oman tidak dapat mengadakan pertemuan publik tanpa persetujuan pemerintah. Warga Oman yang ingin mendirikan organisasi non-pemerintah dalam bentuk apa pun membutuhkan lisensi. Untuk mendapatkan lisensi, mereka harus menunjukkan bahwa organisasi tersebut "untuk tujuan yang sah" dan bukan "berlawanan dengan tatanan sosial".<a href="#cite_note-qaboos-154">[152]</a> Pemerintah Oman tidak mengizinkan pembentukan asosiasi masyarakat sipil independen.<a href="#cite_note-bti-151">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> mengeluarkan pada tahun 2016, bahwa pengadilan Oman menjatuhkan hukuman penjara kepada tiga jurnalis dan memerintahkan penutupan permanen surat kabar mereka, atas sebuah artikel yang menuduh korupsi di pengadilan.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> Undang-undang melarang kritik terhadap Sultan dan pemerintah dalam bentuk atau media apa pun. Polisi Oman tidak memerlukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surat_izin_menggeledah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surat izin menggeledah (halaman belum tersedia)">surat perintah penggeledahan</a> untuk memasuki rumah-rumah penduduk. Undang-undang tidak memberikan hak kepada warga negara untuk mengubah pemerintahan mereka. Sultan memegang otoritas tertinggi atas semua masalah dalam dan luar negeri. Pejabat pemerintah tidak tunduk pada undang-undang pengungkapan keuangan. Undang-undang liberal dan kepedulian terhadap keamanan nasional telah digunakan untuk menekan kritik terhadap tokoh pemerintah dan pandangan politik yang tidak dapat diterima. Penerbitan buku dibatasi dan pemerintah membatasi impor dan distribusinya, seperti produk media lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-qaboos-154">[152]</a> Sekadar menyebutkan adanya pembatasan semacam itu dapat membuat orang Oman dalam masalah. Pada tahun 2009, sebuah penerbit web didenda dan diberi hukuman penjara yang ditangguhkan karena mengungkapkan bahwa program TV yang seharusnya tayang sebenarnya telah direkam sebelumnya untuk menghilangkan kritik terhadap pemerintah.<a href="#cite_note-qaboos-154">[152]</a> Menghadapi begitu banyak pembatasan, orang Oman menggunakan metode yang tidak biasa untuk mengungkapkan pandangan mereka. Orang Oman terkadang menggunakan keledai untuk mengekspresikan pandangan mereka. Menulis tentang penguasa Teluk pada tahun 2001, Dale Eickelman mengamati: "Hanya di Oman sesekali keledai… digunakan sebagai papan reklame bergerak untuk mengekspresikan sentimen anti-rezim. Tidak ada cara bagi polisi untuk menjaga martabat dalam merebut dan menghancurkan seekor keledai yang di badannya tertulis pesan politik".<a href="#cite_note-qaboos-154">[152]</a> Beberapa orang telah ditangkap karena diduga menyebarkan <a href="/wiki/Berita_bohong" title="Berita bohong">berita bohong</a> tentang <a href="/wiki/Pandemi_Covid-19_di_Oman" title="Pandemi Covid-19 di Oman">pandemi COVID-19 di Oman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> Kementerian Dalam Negeri mewajibkan warga negara Oman untuk mendapatkan izin menikah dengan orang asing (kecuali warga negara dari negara-negara GCC); izin tidak diberikan secara otomatis.<a href="#cite_note-report-152">[150]</a> Perkawinan warga negara dengan orang asing di luar negeri tanpa persetujuan kementerian dapat mengakibatkan penolakan masuk untuk pasangan asing di perbatasan dan menghalangi anak-anak untuk mengklaim hak kewarganegaraan. Ini juga dapat mengakibatkan larangan dari pekerjaan pemerintah dan denda 2.000 real ($5.200).<a href="#cite_note-report-152">[150]</a> Menurut HRW, perempuan di Oman menghadapi diskriminasi.<a href="#cite_note-omanhrw-153">[151]</a> Pada Agustus 2014, penulis Oman dan pembela hak asasi manusia Mohammed Alfazari, pendiri dan pemimpin redaksi majalah elektronik Mowatin "Citizen", menghilang setelah pergi ke kantor polisi di distrik Al-Qurum Muscat.<a href="#cite_note-hr-158">[156]</a> Selama beberapa bulan pemerintah Oman menyangkal penahanannya dan menolak mengungkapkan informasi tentang keberadaan atau kondisinya.<a href="#cite_note-hr-158">[156]</a> Pada 17 Juli 2015, Alfazari meninggalkan Oman mencari suaka politik di Inggris setelah larangan perjalanan dikeluarkan terhadapnya tanpa memberikan alasan apa pun dan setelah dokumen resminya termasuk KTP dan paspornya disita selama lebih dari 8 bulan.<a href="#cite_note-cgso-159">[157]</a> Ada lebih banyak laporan penghilangan bermotif politik di negara ini. Pada tahun 2012, aparat keamanan bersenjata menangkap Sultan al-Saadi, seorang aktivis media sosial. Menurut laporan, pihak berwenang menahannya di lokasi yang tidak diketahui selama satu bulan karena komentar-komentar yang dia posting secara online mengkritik pemerintah.<a href="#cite_note-report-152">[150]</a> Pihak berwenang sebelumnya menangkap al-Saadi pada tahun 2011 karena berpartisipasi dalam protes dan sekali lagi pada tahun 2012 karena memposting komentar online yang dianggap menghina Sultan Qaboos. Pada Mei 2012 pasukan keamanan menahan Ismael al-Meqbali, Habiba al-Hinai dan Yaqoub al-Kharusi, aktivis hak asasi manusia yang mengunjungi pekerja minyak yang mogok. Pihak berwenang membebaskan al-Hinai dan al-Kharusi tak lama setelah penahanan mereka tetapi tidak memberi tahu teman dan keluarga al-Meqbali tentang keberadaannya selama berminggu-minggu. Pihak berwenang mengampuni al-Meqbali pada bulan Maret.<a href="#cite_note-report-152">[150]</a> Pada bulan Desember 2013, seorang warga negara Yaman menghilang di Oman setelah ia ditangkap di sebuah pos pemeriksaan di Kegubernuran Dhofar. Otoritas Oman menolak mengakui penahanannya. Keberadaan dan kondisinya masih belum diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-alkaram-160">[158]</a> Komnas HAM, yang dibentuk pada 2008, tidak independen dari rezim tersebut. Itu diketuai oleh mantan wakil inspektur jenderal Polisi dan Bea Cukai, dan anggotanya ditunjuk oleh keputusan kerajaan. Pada Juni 2012, salah satu anggotanya meminta agar dia dibebaskan dari tugasnya karena dia tidak setuju dengan pernyataan Komisi yang membenarkan penangkapan para intelektual dan blogger serta pembatasan kebebasan berekspresi atas nama menghormati "prinsip-prinsip agama dan adat istiadat negara".<a href="#cite_note-rule-129">[127]</a> Sejak awal "Musim Semi Oman" pada Januari 2011, sejumlah pelanggaran serius terhadap hak-hak sipil telah dilaporkan, yang menyebabkan kemerosotan kritis situasi hak asasi manusia. Penjara tidak dapat diakses oleh pemantau independen. Anggota Kelompok Hak Asasi Manusia Oman yang independen telah dilecehkan, ditangkap dan dijatuhi hukuman penjara. Ada banyak kesaksian tentang penyiksaan dan bentuk hukuman tidak manusiawi lainnya yang dilakukan oleh pasukan keamanan terhadap pengunjuk rasa dan tahanan. Semua tahanan secara damai menjalankan hak mereka atas kebebasan berekspresi dan berkumpul. Meskipun pihak berwenang harus mendapatkan perintah pengadilan untuk menahan tersangka dalam penahanan pra-sidang, mereka tidak melakukannya secara rutin. Hukum pidana diubah pada bulan Oktober 2011 untuk memungkinkan penangkapan dan penahanan individu tanpa surat perintah penangkapan dari jaksa penuntut umum.<a href="#cite_note-rule-129">[127]</a> Pada Januari 2014, agen intelijen Oman menangkap seorang aktor <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> dan menyerahkannya kepada pihak berwenang Bahrain pada hari yang sama. Aktor tersebut telah mengalami <a href="/wiki/Penghilangan_paksa" title="Penghilangan paksa">penghilangan paksa</a>. Keberadaan dan kondisinya masih belum diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-bahr-161">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_Oman" title="Pembagian administratif Oman">Pembagian administratif Oman</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_dan_kegubernuran_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah dan kegubernuran di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilayah dan kegubernuran di Oman</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Oman,_administrative_divisions_2011_-_de_-_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Oman%2C_administrative_divisions_2011_-_de_-_colored.svg/280px-Oman%2C_administrative_divisions_2011_-_de_-_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Oman%2C_administrative_divisions_2011_-_de_-_colored.svg/420px-Oman%2C_administrative_divisions_2011_-_de_-_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Oman%2C_administrative_divisions_2011_-_de_-_colored.svg/560px-Oman%2C_administrative_divisions_2011_-_de_-_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1276" /></a><figcaption>Kegubernuran di Oman</figcaption></figure> Sejak 28 Oktober 2011, Oman dibagi ke dalam sebelas kegubernuran (<a href="/wiki/Muhafazah" title="Muhafazah">muhafazah</a>) yang dibagi lagi menjadi 60 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsi_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsi di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">provinsi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayat (halaman belum tersedia)">wilayat</a>).<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> Daftar Kegubernuran di Oman: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Ad-Dakhiliyah" title="Kegubernuran Ad-Dakhiliyah">Ad-Dakhiliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Azh-Zhahirah" title="Kegubernuran Azh-Zhahirah">Ad-Dhahirah Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Al-Batinah_Utara" title="Kegubernuran Al-Batinah Utara">Al-Batinah Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Al-Batinah_Selatan" title="Kegubernuran Al-Batinah Selatan">Al-Batinah Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Al-Buraimi" title="Kegubernuran Al-Buraimi">Al-Buraimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Al-Wusta_(Oman)" title="Kegubernuran Al-Wusta (Oman)">Al-Wusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Asy-Syarqiyah_Utara" title="Kegubernuran Asy-Syarqiyah Utara">Ash-Syarqiyah Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Asy-Syarqiyah_Selatan" title="Kegubernuran Asy-Syarqiyah Selatan">Ash-Syarqiyah Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Dhofar" title="Kegubernuran Dhofar">Dhofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Muskat" title="Kegubernuran Muskat">Masqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musandam" title="Musandam">Musandam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Oman" title="Ekonomi Oman">Ekonomi Oman</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Oman_Product_Exports_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Oman_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/220px-Oman_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Oman_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/330px-Oman_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Oman_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/440px-Oman_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Representasi proporsional ekspor Oman, 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:GDP_per_capita_development_in_Oman.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Oman.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Oman.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/GDP_per_capita_development_in_Oman.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Sejarah perkembangan PDB riil per kapita di Oman</figcaption></figure> Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Oman menyatakan dalam Pasal 11 bahwa "perekonomian nasional didasarkan pada keadilan dan prinsip-prinsip <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_pasar" title="Ekonomi pasar">ekonomi bebas</a>".<a href="#cite_note-molabs-165">[163]</a> Menurut standar regional, Oman memiliki ekonomi yang relatif <a href="/wiki/Diversifikasi_(ekonomi)" title="Diversifikasi (ekonomi)">terdiversifikasi</a>, tetapi tetap bergantung pada ekspor minyak. Dalam hal nilai moneter, bahan bakar mineral menyumbang 82,2 persen dari total ekspor produk pada tahun 2018.<a href="#cite_note-wteio-166">[164]</a> Pariwisata adalah industri dengan pertumbuhan tercepat di Oman. Sumber pendapatan lain, pertanian dan industri, relatif kecil dan menyumbang kurang dari 1% ekspor negara, tetapi diversifikasi dipandang sebagai prioritas oleh pemerintah. Pertanian, yang sering bersifat <a href="/wiki/Pertanian_subsisten" title="Pertanian subsisten">subsisten</a>, menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Kurma_(pohon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurma (pohon)">kurma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeruk" title="Jeruk">limau</a>, biji-bijian, dan sayuran, tetapi dengan kurang dari 1% luas tanah negara yang <a href="/wiki/Pengolahan_tanah" title="Pengolahan tanah">diolah</a>, Oman kemungkinan akan tetap menjadi pengimpor makanan. Struktur sosio-ekonomi Oman digambarkan sebagai negara kesejahteraan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_penyewa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara penyewa (halaman belum tersedia)">penyewa</a> yang sangat tersentralisasi.<a href="#cite_note-bti1-167">[165]</a> 10 persen perusahaan terbesar di Oman adalah pemberi kerja dari hampir 80 persen warga negara Oman di sektor swasta. Setengah dari pekerjaan sektor swasta diklasifikasikan sebagai dasar. Sepertiga dari pekerja Oman berada di sektor swasta, sedangkan mayoritas sisanya berada di sektor publik.<a href="#cite_note-RSIO-168">[166]</a> Struktur hiper-sentralisasi menghasilkan ekonomi seperti monopoli, yang menghalangi lingkungan persaingan yang sehat antar bisnis.<a href="#cite_note-bti1-167">[165]</a> Sejak anjloknya harga minyak pada tahun 1998, Oman telah membuat rencana aktif untuk mendiversifikasi ekonominya dan lebih menekankan pada bidang industri lainnya, yaitu pariwisata dan infrastruktur. Oman memiliki Visi 2020 untuk mendiversifikasi ekonomi yang ditetapkan pada tahun 1995, yang menargetkan penurunan bagian minyak menjadi kurang dari 10 persen dari PDB pada tahun 2020, tetapi visi tersebut menjadi usang pada tahun 2011. Oman kemudian menetapkan Visi 2040.<a href="#cite_note-bti1-167">[165]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MSM_Main.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/MSM_Main.JPG/220px-MSM_Main.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/MSM_Main.JPG/330px-MSM_Main.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/MSM_Main.JPG/440px-MSM_Main.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasar_Sekuritas_Muskat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasar Sekuritas Muskat (halaman belum tersedia)">Pasar Sekuritas Muskat</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perjanjian_Perdagangan_Bebas_Oman%E2%80%93Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas Oman–Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Perjanjian perdagangan bebas dengan Amerika Serikat</a> mulai berlaku 1 Januari 2009, menghilangkan hambatan tarif pada semua produk konsumen dan industri, dan juga memberikan perlindungan yang kuat bagi bisnis asing yang berinvestasi di Oman.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pariwisata_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pariwisata di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Pariwisata</a>, sumber pendapatan Oman lainnya, sedang mengalami peningkatan.<a href="#cite_note-englishplacenames-170">[168]</a> Acara populer adalah Festival Khareef yang diadakan di <a href="/wiki/Shalalah" title="Shalalah">Salalah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kegubernuran_Dhofar" title="Kegubernuran Dhofar">Dhofar</a>, yang berjarak 1.200 km dari ibu kota Muskat, selama musim hujan (Agustus) dan mirip dengan Festival Muskat. Selama acara terakhir ini pegunungan yang mengelilingi Salalah populer di kalangan wisatawan karena cuacanya yang sejuk dan tanaman hijau subur, yang jarang ditemukan di tempat lain di Oman.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pekerja_migran_di_wilayah_Dewan_Kerjasama_Teluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pekerja migran di wilayah Dewan Kerjasama Teluk (halaman belum tersedia)">Para pekerja asing Oman</a> mengirimkan sekitar US$10 miliar setiap tahun ke negara bagian asal mereka di <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, lebih dari separuh dari mereka mendapatkan upah bulanan kurang dari US$400.<a href="#cite_note-wsws.org-172">[170]</a> Komunitas asing terbesar berasal dari negara bagian <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(negara_bagian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (negara bagian)">Punjab</a> di India,<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> mewakili lebih dari separuh tenaga kerja di Oman. Gaji pekerja migran diketahui lebih rendah daripada gaji warga negara Oman, meskipun masih dua sampai lima kali lebih tinggi daripada pekerjaan setara di India.<a href="#cite_note-wsws.org-172">[170]</a> Dalam hal investasi asing langsung (FDI), total investasi pada tahun 2017 melebihi US$24 miliar. Bagian terbesar dari FDI adalah sektor minyak dan gas, yaitu sekitar US$13 miliar (54,2 persen), diikuti oleh intermediasi keuangan, yang mewakili US$3,66 miliar (15,3 persen). FDI didominasi oleh Inggris dengan nilai perkiraan US$11,56 miliar (48 persen), diikuti <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">UEA</a> USD 2,6 miliar (10,8 persen), dan <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> USD 1,1 miliar (4,6 persen).<a href="#cite_note-eoopaon-174">[172]</a> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:74.594114542418px 66.601186743425px 0 0; border-top-color:#08f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#08f"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:52.51746299613px 85.099448179469px 0 0; border-top-color:#008"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#008"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 791.58150883058px 100px 0; border-right-color:silver"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:silver"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Penanaman Modal Asing Langsung (FDI) di Oman berdasarkan negara pada 2017.<a href="#cite_note-eoopaon-174">[172]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19202607">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Inggris (48%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Uni Emirat Arab (10.8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Kuwait (4.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  Lainnya (36.6%)</div> </div> </div></div> Oman, pada tahun 2018 mengalami defisit anggaran sebesar 32 persen dari total pendapatan dan utang pemerintah terhadap <a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> sebesar 47,5 persen.<a href="#cite_note-KPMG-175">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-OmanCEIC-176">[174]</a> Pengeluaran militer Oman terhadap PDB antara 2016 dan 2018 rata-rata 10 persen, sedangkan rata-rata dunia selama periode yang sama adalah 2,2 persen.<a href="#cite_note-OMSB6a8-177">[175]</a> Pengeluaran kesehatan Oman terhadap PDB antara 2015 dan 2016 rata-rata 4,3 persen, sedangkan rata-rata dunia selama periode yang sama adalah 10 persen.<a href="#cite_note-HSIOTW-178">[176]</a> Pengeluaran penelitian dan pengembangan Oman antara 2016 dan 2017 rata-rata 0,24 persen, jauh lebih rendah dari rata-rata dunia (2,2 persen) selama periode yang sama.<a href="#cite_note-HSRDIO-179">[177]</a> Pengeluaran pemerintah Oman untuk pendidikan terhadap PDB pada tahun 2016 adalah 6,11 persen, sedangkan rata-rata dunia adalah 4,8 persen (2015).<a href="#cite_note-OMSB6a81-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-OE1-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-OE2-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-OE3-183">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-OE4-184">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Demografi_Oman" title="Demografi Oman">Demografi Oman</a></div> <table class="toccolours" style="width: 15em; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox-title" style="padding:0.25em; font-size:110%">Populasi historis</th></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%"><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; width: 3em;">Tahun</th> <th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; text-align: right;"><abbr title="Jumlah Penduduk">Jumlah Pend.</abbr>  </th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 1px; text-align: right"><abbr title="Perubahan persen">±%</abbr>  </th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1950</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">456</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1960</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">552</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+21.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1970</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">724</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">+31.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">1980</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">1,154,000</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbbbbb;">1990</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbbbbb;">1,812,000</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbbbbb;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2000</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">2,268,000</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2010</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">3,041,000</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2019</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">4,975,000</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; padding: 1px;">2020</th> <td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">5,106,622</td><td style="text-align: right; padding: 1px;">—    </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 1px solid black; font-size: 85%; text-align: left;">sumber:<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-186">[184]</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> Pada akhir tahun 2021, populasi Oman melebihi 4,5 juta.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Angka_kesuburan_total" title="Angka kesuburan total">Tingkat kesuburan total</a> pada tahun 2020 diperkirakan 2,8 anak lahir per wanita; tingkat ini telah menurun dengan cepat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> Sekitar setengah dari populasi tinggal di Muskat dan dataran pantai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Region_al-Batinah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Region al-Batinah (halaman belum tersedia)">Batinah</a> di barat laut ibu kota. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Penduduk Oman</a> sebagian besar berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suku_Baloch" title="Suku Baloch">Baluchi</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Afro-Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Afro-Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Afrika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pop-135">[133]</a> Masyarakat Oman sebagian besar adalah <a href="/wiki/Puak" title="Puak">puak</a><a href="#cite_note-inequal-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-fa-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> dan mencakup tiga identitas utama: suku, kepercayaan Ibadi, dan perdagangan maritim.<a href="#cite_note-inequal-189">[187]</a> Dua identitas pertama terkait erat dengan tradisi dan sangat lazim di pedalaman negara ini, karena periode isolasi yang panjang. Identitas ketiga sebagian besar berkaitan dengan Muskat dan wilayah pesisir Oman, dan tercermin dari bisnis, perdagangan,<a href="#cite_note-inequal-189">[187]</a> dan asal-usul yang beragam dari banyak orang Oman, yang menelusuri akarnya ke Baloch, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Lawatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Lawatia (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Lawatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Persia">Persia</a>, dan sejarah <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Oman Zanzibar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gwadar" title="Gwadar">Gwadar</a>, sebuah wilayah Balochistan, adalah Koloni Oman selama lebih dari satu abad dan pada 1960-an, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> mengambil alih tanah itu. Banyak orang di daerah ini adalah orang Oman dan Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 272.37868371332px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 119.34446716853px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Agama di Oman</a> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-CIATONGA-194">[192]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam_di_Oman" title="Islam di Oman">Islam</a> (88.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindu_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindu di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Hindu</a> (5.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_di_Oman" title="Kekristenan di Oman">Kristen</a> (3.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend">  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">lainnya</a> (2.0%)</div> </div> </div></div> Meskipun pemerintah Oman tidak menyimpan statistik penganut agama, statistik Badan Intelijen Pusat AS menyatakan bahwa pemeluk <a href="/wiki/Islam_di_Oman" title="Islam di Oman">Islam</a> mayoritas 85,9%, sementara 6,4% <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_di_Oman" title="Kekristenan di Oman">Kristen</a>, 5,7% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduisme_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinduisme di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Hindu</a>, 0,8% <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme_di_Timur_Tengah" title="Buddhisme di Timur Tengah">Buddha</a>, dan kurang dari 0,1% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Yahudi_di_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Yahudi di Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Yahudi</a>; penganut agama lain 1% dan yang tidak terafiliasi 0,2%. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Oman (halaman belum tersedia)">Budaya Oman</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:DhowMuscat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DhowMuscat.jpg/220px-DhowMuscat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DhowMuscat.jpg/330px-DhowMuscat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/DhowMuscat.jpg/440px-DhowMuscat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">Dhow</a> tradisional, simbol abadi Oman<a href="#cite_note-coosoo-195">[193]</a></figcaption></figure> Secara lahiriah, Oman memiliki banyak karakteristik budaya yang sama dengan tetangga Arabnya, terutama di <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Kerjasama_untuk_Negara_Arab_di_Teluk" title="Dewan Kerjasama untuk Negara Arab di Teluk">Dewan Kerjasama Teluk</a>. Terlepas dari kesamaan ini, faktor-faktor penting membuat Oman unik di Timur Tengah. Ini banyak dihasilkan dari geografi dan sejarah serta dari budaya dan ekonomi. Sifat negara yang relatif baru dan artifisial di Oman membuatnya sulit untuk menggambarkan budaya nasional; namun, heterogenitas budaya yang cukup ada dalam batas-batas nasionalnya membuat Oman berbeda dari negara-negara Arab lain di Teluk Persia. Keanekaragaman budaya Oman lebih besar daripada tetangga Arabnya, mengingat ekspansi historisnya ke Pesisir Swahili dan Samudra Hindia.<a href="#cite_note-kcom-196">[194]</a> Oman memiliki tradisi pembuatan kapal yang panjang, karena perjalanan maritim memainkan peran utama dalam kemampuan orang Oman untuk tetap berhubungan dengan peradaban dunia kuno. Sur adalah salah satu kota pembuatan kapal paling terkenal di Samudera Hindia. Kapal Al Ghanja membutuhkan waktu satu tahun penuh untuk dibangun. Jenis kapal Oman lainnya termasuk As Sunbouq dan Al Badan.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> Pada bulan Maret 2016, para arkeolog yang bekerja di Pulau Al Hallaniyah mengidentifikasi sebuah bangkai kapal yang diyakini sebagai Esmeralda dari armada <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> tahun 1502–1503. Bangkai kapal itu awalnya ditemukan pada tahun 1998. Kemudian penggalian bawah air dilakukan antara tahun 2013 dan 2015 melalui kemitraan antara Kementerian Warisan dan Kebudayaan Oman dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Mearns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Mearns (halaman belum tersedia)">Blue Water Recoveries Ltd.</a>, sebuah perusahaan pemulihan bangkai kapal. Kapal itu diidentifikasi melalui artefak seperti "koin Portugis yang dicetak untuk perdagangan dengan India (salah satu dari hanya dua koin jenis ini yang diketahui ada) dan bola meriam batu yang diukir dengan apa yang tampaknya merupakan inisial Vincente Sodré, paman dari pihak ibu da Gama dan komandan Esmeralda".<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeri">Galeri</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MuscatFortNight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benteng Muskat (dibangun oleh bangsa Portugis pada abad ke-16) menghadap Pelabuhan Muskat, Mutrah, dan Istana Al Alam"><img alt="Benteng Muskat (dibangun oleh bangsa Portugis pada abad ke-16) menghadap Pelabuhan Muskat, Mutrah, dan Istana Al Alam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MuscatFortNight.jpg/120px-MuscatFortNight.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MuscatFortNight.jpg/180px-MuscatFortNight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/MuscatFortNight.jpg/240px-MuscatFortNight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1983" data-file-height="1305" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Benteng Muskat (dibangun oleh bangsa Portugis pada abad ke-16) menghadap Pelabuhan Muskat, Mutrah, dan Istana Al Alam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MuscatBeachs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pantai panjang yang lazim ditemui, dengan tebing curam di tengahnya, Muskat"><img alt="Pantai panjang yang lazim ditemui, dengan tebing curam di tengahnya, Muskat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/MuscatBeachs.jpg/120px-MuscatBeachs.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/MuscatBeachs.jpg/180px-MuscatBeachs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/MuscatBeachs.jpg/240px-MuscatBeachs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pantai panjang yang lazim ditemui, dengan tebing curam di tengahnya, Muskat</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MuscatRoadGate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gapura jalan kota memasuki Muskat"><img alt="Gapura jalan kota memasuki Muskat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MuscatRoadGate.jpg/120px-MuscatRoadGate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MuscatRoadGate.jpg/180px-MuscatRoadGate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MuscatRoadGate.jpg/240px-MuscatRoadGate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="404" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gapura jalan kota memasuki Muskat</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:RAINSOMAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hujan lebat dapat berlangsung berhari-hari di Oman"><img alt="Hujan lebat dapat berlangsung berhari-hari di Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RAINSOMAN.jpg/120px-RAINSOMAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RAINSOMAN.jpg/180px-RAINSOMAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/RAINSOMAN.jpg/240px-RAINSOMAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hujan lebat dapat berlangsung berhari-hari di Oman</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:RuwiEvening.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruwi – Pusat perdagangan Muskat termasuk pasar – Jalan Raya Ruwi"><img alt="Ruwi – Pusat perdagangan Muskat termasuk pasar – Jalan Raya Ruwi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/RuwiEvening.jpg/120px-RuwiEvening.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/RuwiEvening.jpg/180px-RuwiEvening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/RuwiEvening.jpg/240px-RuwiEvening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruwi – Pusat perdagangan Muskat termasuk pasar – Jalan Raya Ruwi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Oman_bullfighting_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adu banteng di Oman"><img alt="Adu banteng di Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oman_bullfighting_%285%29.jpg/120px-Oman_bullfighting_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oman_bullfighting_%285%29.jpg/180px-Oman_bullfighting_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oman_bullfighting_%285%29.jpg/240px-Oman_bullfighting_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Adu_banteng" title="Adu banteng">Adu banteng</a> di Oman</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22254620">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geografi" title="Portal:Geografi">Portal Geografi </a></li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22254620"><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Portal Asia </a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_berdaulat" title="Daftar negara berdaulat">Daftar negara-negara di dunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siklon_Gonu" title="Siklon Gonu">Siklon Gonu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Pada 1783, ketika Seyyid Said menggantikan "masnad" Muscat dan Oman (negara merdeka yang didirikan pada 1749), dia berselisih dengan saudaranya Imam Sultan, yang melarikan diri ke tempat aman di Makran dan menjalin komunikasi dengan Nasir Khan dari Kalat. Said diberikan bagian Kalat dari pendapatan Gwadar dan tinggal di sana sampai tahun 1797 ketika dia berkuasa di Muscat dan Oman. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Gwadar tetap milik Oman sebagai bagian dari Kesultanan sampai September 1958 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncsi.gov.om/Elibrary/Pages/LibraryContentDetails.aspx?ItemID=Vs6NFz%2b2xQSbfUBfw5b4ng%3d%3d">"Monthly Statistical Bulletin January 2022"</a>. ncsi.gov.om. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncsi.gov.om&rft.atitle=Monthly+Statistical+Bulletin+January+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsi.gov.om%2FElibrary%2FPages%2FLibraryContentDetails.aspx%3FItemID%3DVs6NFz%252b2xQSbfUBfw5b4ng%253d%253d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_2-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518190005/http://www.ncsi.gov.om/documents/Census_2010.pdf">"Final Results of Census 2010"</a> (PDF). National Center for Statistics & Information. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsi.gov.om/documents/Census_2010.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 18 May 2013. 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Harrassowitz Verlag. hlm. 15–18. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9783447101271" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9783447101271">9783447101271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross-roads+Early+and+Late+Iron+Age+South-Eastern+Arabia&rft.pages=15-18&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9783447101271&rft.au=Yule%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.archaeology.org/9705/abstracts/magan.html">"Digging in the Land of Magan – Archaeology Magazine Archive"</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/198303/oman-the.lost.land.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 14 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Aramco+World&rft.atitle=Oman%3A+The+Lost+Land&rft.date=1983-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudiaramcoworld.com%2Fissue%2F198303%2Foman-the.lost.land.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation magazine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/198303/oman-a.history.htm">"Oman: A History"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 27 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+trade+networks%3A+The+Omani+Enclave+of+Gwadar+%E2%80%93+Conference+on+German+and+International+Research+on+Oman%2C+Bonn+1998%3A+abstracts&rft.place=Bonn&rft.pub=Conference+on+German+and+International+Research+on+Oman&rft.date=1998-05-25&rft.au=Nicolin%2C+Beatrice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oman.org%2Fbonn_007.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Planning-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Planning_89-0">^</a> Muscat State Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100055776091.0x000046">A.C.Gallowey: File 8/62 Muscat State Affairs: Principal Shaikhs and Tribes of Oman' [35r] (69/296).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308132954/https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100055776091.0x000046">Diarsipkan</a> 2021-03-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Croom Helm. hlm. 182. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780856646294" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780856646294">9780856646294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oman+in+the+Twentieth+Century%3A+Political+Foundations+of+an+Emerging+State&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780856646294&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYsUOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-owaosa-93"><a href="#cite_ref-owaosa_93-0">^</a> Liquid Oman: oil, water, and causality in Southern Arabia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rai.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-9655.12398">Liquid Oman: oil, water, and causality in Southern Arabia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117111638/https://rai.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1467-9655.12398">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-01-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Diakses tanggal January 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salalh+Climate+Normals&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FRA-II%2FOM%2F41316.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-II/OM/41316.TXT">(HTTPS version Retrieved March 7, 2022)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307053630/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-II/OM/41316.TXT">Diarsipkan</a> 2022-03-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/results?cty=160&hdnAction=ADV_SEARCH&rec=N&rlEN=Y&vag=N&so=rl">"BirdLife Data Zone"</a>. datazone.birdlife.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221009210519/http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/results?cty=160&hdnAction=ADV_SEARCH&rec=N&rlEN=Y&vag=N&so=rl">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-10-09. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=datazone.birdlife.org&rft.atitle=BirdLife+Data+Zone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatazone.birdlife.org%2Fspecies%2Fresults%3Fcty%3D160%26hdnAction%3DADV_SEARCH%26rec%3DN%26rlEN%3DY%26vag%3DN%26so%3Drl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/362">"UNESCO World Heritage Center – Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary : first site ever to be deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List"</a>. UNESCO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080118001455/https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/362">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-01-18. Diakses tanggal 17 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Center+%E2%80%93+Oman%27s+Arabian+Oryx+Sanctuary+%3A+first+site+ever+to+be+deleted+from+UNESCO%27s+World+Heritage+List&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.y-oman.com/2013/06/animal-tragedy">Animal Tragedy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160529091646/https://www.y-oman.com/2013/06/animal-tragedy/">Diarsipkan</a> 29 May 2016 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. y-oman.com. 27 June 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Macdonald, Sarah (22 March 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesofoman.com/News/31423/Article-Strays-on-streets-a-growing-issue-for-Oman">Strays on streets a growing issue for Oman</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150112124040/http://www.timesofoman.com/News/31423/Article-Strays-on-streets-a-growing-issue-for-Oman">Diarsipkan</a> 12 January 2015 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. 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Diakses tanggal 2023-01-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whales+and+dolphins+of+Oman+%E2%80%93+Dolphins%2C+Humpbacks+and+Blue+whales%21&rft.aulast=Ettinger&rft.aufirst=Powell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildlifeextra.com%2Fgo%2Fwhales%2Foman-whales_dolphins.html%23cr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Oman-abs-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Oman-abs_124-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15288960">"Q&A: Elections to Oman's Consultative Council"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128112015/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15288960">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-01-28. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+Elections+to+Oman%27s+Consultative+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-15288960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/country/oman">"Oman"</a>. Freedom House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423195441/https://freedomhouse.org/country/oman">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-23. Diakses tanggal 18 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=Oman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedomhouse.org%2Fcountry%2Foman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2378_E.htm">"OMAN Majles A'Shura (Consultative Council)"</a>. Inter-Parliamentary Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130227070250/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2378_E.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-02-27. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OMAN+Majles+A%27Shura+%28Consultative+Council%29&rft.pub=Inter-Parliamentary+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipu.org%2Fparline-e%2Freports%2F2378_E.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-fh12-127"><a href="#cite_ref-fh12_127-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025073322/http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/oman">"Oman"</a>. Freedom in the World 2012. Freedom House. 17 January 2012. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/oman">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-10-25. 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Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Waking+up+too&rft.date=2012-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21557354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-rule-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rule_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rule_129-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rule_129-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rule_129-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312141230/https://www.bti-project.org/en/reports/country-reports/detail/itc/OMN/">"Country Report: Oman"</a>. BTI Project. 2016. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bti-project.org/en/reports/country-reports/detail/itc/OMN/">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 March 2020. Diakses tanggal 19 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Report%3A+Oman&rft.pub=BTI+Project&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bti-project.org%2Fen%2Freports%2Fcountry-reports%2Fdetail%2Fitc%2FOMN%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Stork, Joe (19 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308194615/http://www.peacebuilding.no/Regions/Middle-East-and-North-Africa/The-Gulf/Publications/Human-rights-in-the-smaller-Gulf-states-Bahrain-Kuwait-Oman-Qatar-and-UAE">"Human rights in the smaller Persian Gulf states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and UAE"</a>. 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CIA – The World Factbook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-03-13. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oman&rft.pub=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Foman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Kechichian, Joseph A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB2501/index1.html">"Oman: A Unique Foreign Policy"</a>. RAND. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002214/https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB2501/index1.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oman%3A+A+Unique+Foreign+Policy&rft.pub=RAND&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Kechichian&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_briefs%2FRB2501%2Findex1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/01/31/view-from-gulf-americas-quiet-go-between-speaks/">"The view from the Gulf: America's quiet go-between speaks"</a>. Fox News. 31 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117221758/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/01/31/view-from-gulf-americas-quiet-go-between-speaks/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-11-17. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+view+from+the+Gulf%3A+America%27s+quiet+go-between+speaks&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2F01%2F31%2Fview-from-gulf-americas-quiet-go-between-speaks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111215211340/http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2009/05/09MUSCAT433.html">"Omani Ministers Voice Increasing Concerns Over Region's Stability"</a>. Wikileaks. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikileaks.ch/cable/2009/05/09MUSCAT433.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 December 2011. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Omani+Ministers+Voice+Increasing+Concerns+Over+Region%27s+Stability&rft.pub=Wikileaks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikileaks.ch%2Fcable%2F2009%2F05%2F09MUSCAT433.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111215175002/http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/08/08MUSCAT565.html">"Oman Remains Wary Of Iranian Expansionism"</a>. Wikileaks. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/08/08MUSCAT565.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 December 2011. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oman+Remains+Wary+Of+Iranian+Expansionism&rft.pub=Wikileaks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikileaks.ch%2Fcable%2F2008%2F08%2F08MUSCAT565.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027181916/http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/03/08MUSCAT174.html">"Admiral William J. Fallon's Meeting With Sultan Qaboos"</a>. Wikileaks. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/03/08MUSCAT174.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 27 October 2011. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Admiral+William+J.+Fallon%27s+Meeting+With+Sultan+Qaboos&rft.pub=Wikileaks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikileaks.ch%2Fcable%2F2008%2F03%2F08MUSCAT174.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ie-141"><a href="#cite_ref-ie_141-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Roy, Shubhajit (13 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-gets-access-to-strategic-oman-port-for-military-use-chabahar-gwadar-in-sight-5061573/">"India gets access to strategic Oman port Duqm for military use, Chabahar-Gwadar in sight"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410214859/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-gets-access-to-strategic-oman-port-for-military-use-chabahar-gwadar-in-sight-5061573/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-10. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=India+gets+access+to+strategic+Oman+port+Duqm+for+military+use%2C+Chabahar-Gwadar+in+sight&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Shubhajit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Findia-gets-access-to-strategic-oman-port-for-military-use-chabahar-gwadar-in-sight-5061573%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex">According to SIPRI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502184705/https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-05-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. | <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRI-Milex-data-1949-2020_0.xlsx">Excel Spreadsheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224071552/https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRI-Milex-data-1949-2020_0.xlsx">Diarsipkan</a> 2022-02-24 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-WBMS-143"><a href="#cite_ref-WBMS_143-0">^</a> Oman's Military Expenditures. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=OM-1W">Oman's military expenditures WB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118010201/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=OM-1W">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-01-18 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The World Bank. Retrieved 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-cordesman-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cordesman_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cordesman_144-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cordesman_144-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cordesman_144-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web">Anthony H. Cordesman; Khalid R. Al-Rodhan (28 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517100443/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/060728_gulf_oman.pdf">"The Gulf Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric War"</a> (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/060728_gulf_oman.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2013-05-17. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gulf+Military+Forces+in+an+Era+of+Asymmetric+War&rft.pub=Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies&rft.date=2006-06-28&rft.au=Anthony+H.+Cordesman&rft.au=Khalid+R.+Al-Rodhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsis.org%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fcsis%2Fpubs%2F060728_gulf_oman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013091037/http://www.maritimephotographic.co.uk/blog/testing-times-for-corvette/">"Testing times for corvette"</a>. Maritime Photographic. 15 March 2012. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maritimephotographic.co.uk/blog/testing-times-for-corvette/">versi asli</a> tanggal 13 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 21 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Testing+times+for+corvette&rft.pub=Maritime+Photographic&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maritimephotographic.co.uk%2Fblog%2Ftesting-times-for-corvette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328072123/http://milexdata.sipri.org/">"The SIPRI Military Expenditure Database"</a>. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://milexdata.sipri.org">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 March 2010. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+SIPRI+Military+Expenditure+Database&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilexdata.sipri.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/14442346?zid=308&ah=e21d923f9b263c5548d5615da3d30f4d">"A balancing act"</a>. The Economist. 15 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228184039/http://www.economist.com/node/14442346?zid=308&ah=e21d923f9b263c5548d5615da3d30f4d">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-12-28. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=A+balancing+act&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F14442346%3Fzid%3D308%26ah%3De21d923f9b263c5548d5615da3d30f4d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/toplist.php">"TOP LIST TIV TABLES"</a>. SIPRI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130214003447/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/toplist.php">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-02-14. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SIPRI&rft.atitle=TOP+LIST+TIV+TABLES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmstrade.sipri.org%2Farmstrade%2Fpage%2Ftoplist.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-torture-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-torture_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-torture_149-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gc4hr.org/report/view/20">"Torture in Oman"</a>. Gulf Center for Human Rights. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190907090808/https://www.gc4hr.org/report/view/20">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-09-07. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torture+in+Oman&rft.pub=Gulf+Center+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gc4hr.org%2Freport%2Fview%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-prev-150"><a href="#cite_ref-prev_150-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gc4hr.org/news/view/579">"Torture in Oman"</a>. Gulf Center for Human Rights. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724185106/https://www.gc4hr.org/news/view/579">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-24. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2014. <q>The practice of torture is widespread in Oman state penal institutions and has become the state's knee jerk reaction to independent political expression, the Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR) says in a report published today</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torture+in+Oman&rft.pub=Gulf+Center+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gc4hr.org%2Fnews%2Fview%2F579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-bti-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bti_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bti_151-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228234844/http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc">"BTI 2014 – Oman Country Report"</a>. BTI Project. 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bti-project.org/reports/country-reports/mena/omn/index.nc">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 December 2014. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BTI+2014+%E2%80%93+Oman+Country+Report&rft.pub=BTI+Project&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bti-project.org%2Freports%2Fcountry-reports%2Fmena%2Fomn%2Findex.nc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-report-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-report_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report_152-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report_152-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report_152-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report_152-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report_152-5">f</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2013/nea/220371.htm">"2013 Human Rights Reports: Oman"</a>. <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of State">US Department of State</a>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819102135/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2013/nea/220371.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-08-19. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+Human+Rights+Reports%3A+Oman&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Fhrrpt%2F2013%2Fnea%2F220371.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-omanhrw-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-omanhrw_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-omanhrw_153-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/oman">Oman: Events of 2018</a>. Human Rights Watch. 17 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171940/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/oman">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-18. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oman%3A+Events+of+2018&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fworld-report%2F2019%2Fcountry-chapters%2Foman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-qaboos-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qaboos_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qaboos_154-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qaboos_154-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qaboos_154-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qaboos_154-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-qaboos_154-5">f</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Whitaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Whitaker (halaman belum tersedia)">Whitaker, Brian</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/mar/04/oman-sultan-qaboos-despot">"Oman's Sultan Qaboos: a classy despot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171943/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/mar/04/oman-sultan-qaboos-despot">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-18. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Oman%27s+Sultan+Qaboos%3A+a+classy+despot&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2011%2Fmar%2F04%2Foman-sultan-qaboos-despot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808043953/https://www.bti-project.org/fileadmin/files/BTI/Downloads/Reports/2016/pdf/BTI_2016_Oman.pdf">"Country Report: Oman"</a> (PDF). BTI Project. 2016. hlm. 12. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bti-project.org/fileadmin/files/BTI/Downloads/Reports/2016/pdf/BTI_2016_Oman.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 8 August 2019. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Report%3A+Oman&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=BTI+Project&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bti-project.org%2Ffileadmin%2Ffiles%2FBTI%2FDownloads%2FReports%2F2016%2Fpdf%2FBTI_2016_Oman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/10/03/oman-journalists-sentenced-over-articles-alleging-corruption">"Oman: Journalists Sentenced Over Articles Alleging Corruption"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 3 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118171943/https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/10/03/oman-journalists-sentenced-over-articles-alleging-corruption">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-18. Diakses tanggal 2 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oman%3A+Journalists+Sentenced+Over+Articles+Alleging+Corruption&rft.date=2016-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2016%2F10%2F03%2Foman-journalists-sentenced-over-articles-alleging-corruption&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omanobserver.om/legal-action-against-spreading-fake-news/">"Legal action against spreading fake news"</a>. 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Amnesty International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712030729/https://www.amnesty.org/ar/documents/mde20/2192/2015/en/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-07-12. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+rights&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Far%2Fdocuments%2Fmde20%2F2192%2F2015%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-alkaram-160"><a href="#cite_ref-alkaram_160-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306215859/http://en.alkarama.org/oman/1239-oman-enforced-disappearance-of-a-yemeni-citizen-abdulrahman-ali-salem-mohammed-for-more-than-six-months">"Oman: Enforced disappearance of a Yemeni citizen, Abdulrahman Ali Salem Mohammed, for more than six months"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.alkarama.org/oman/1239-oman-enforced-disappearance-of-a-yemeni-citizen-abdulrahman-ali-salem-mohammed-for-more-than-six-months">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oman%3A+Enforced+disappearance+of+a+Yemeni+citizen%2C+Abdulrahman+Ali+Salem+Mohammed%2C+for+more+than+six+months&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.alkarama.org%2Foman%2F1239-oman-enforced-disappearance-of-a-yemeni-citizen-abdulrahman-ali-salem-mohammed-for-more-than-six-months&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-bahr-161"><a href="#cite_ref-bahr_161-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726155547/http://bahrainrights.org/en/node/6748">"Actor Sadiq AlShaabani: Arrested in Oman, Handed to Bahrain Authorities, Subjected to Enforced Disappearance"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahrain_Center_for_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahrain Center for Human Rights (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahrain Center for Human Rights</a>. 2014. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oman.arabiatourism.co.uk/events/khareef-festival">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arabia+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foman.arabiatourism.co.uk%2Fevents%2Fkhareef-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-wsws.org-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsws.org_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsws.org_172-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/oct2005/oman-o28.shtml">"Indian migrant workers in Oman speak to the WSWS"</a>. Wsws.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121028035431/http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/oct2005/oman-o28.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-28. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+migrant+workers+in+Oman+speak+to+the+WSWS&rft.pub=Wsws.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Farticles%2F2005%2Foct2005%2Foman-o28.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160612025351/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/antony-meets-indian-diaspora-in-omam_100365941.html">"Antony meets Indian diaspora in Oman"</a>. Thaindian.com. 18 May 2010. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/antony-meets-indian-diaspora-in-omam_100365941.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 June 2016. Diakses tanggal 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antony+meets+Indian+diaspora+in+Oman&rft.pub=Thaindian.com&rft.date=2010-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaindian.com%2Fnewsportal%2Fworld-news%2Fantony-meets-indian-diaspora-in-omam_100365941.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-eoopaon-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eoopaon_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eoopaon_174-1">b</a> Oman – Market Overview. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.export.gov/article?id=Oman-Market-Overview">Oman – Market Overview (US Export.gov) 2018</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190913055903/https://www.export.gov/article?id=Oman-Market-Overview">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-09-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. export.gov. 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-KPMG-175"><a href="#cite_ref-KPMG_175-0">^</a> Oman budget 2019 KPMG Insights. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.kpmg/om/en/home/insights/2019/01/2019omanbudget.html">KPMG: Oman budget 2019 KPMG Insights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823233443/https://home.kpmg/om/en/home/insights/2019/01/2019omanbudget.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2022-08-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. KPMG. 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-OmanCEIC-176"><a href="#cite_ref-OmanCEIC_176-0">^</a> Oman Government Debt to GDP 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/oman/government-debt--of-nominal-gdp">CEIC report: Oman Government Debt to GDP 2018</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017052659/https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/oman/government-debt--of-nominal-gdp">Diarsipkan</a> 2022-10-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ceicdata.com. 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-OMSB6a8-177"><a href="#cite_ref-OMSB6a8_177-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=OM-1W">"Military expenditure (% of GDP) – Oman, World | Data"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118010201/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=OM-1W">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-18. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Military+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29+%E2%80%93+Oman%2C+World+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FMS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3DOM-1W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-HSIOTW-178"><a href="#cite_ref-HSIOTW_178-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=1W-OM">"Current health expenditure (% of GDP) – World, Oman | Data"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425044516/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=1W-OM">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-25. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+health+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29+%E2%80%93+World%2C+Oman+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3D1W-OM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-HSRDIO-179"><a href="#cite_ref-HSRDIO_179-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=1W-OM">"Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) – World, Oman | Data"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425044517/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=1W-OM">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-25. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+and+development+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29+%E2%80%93+World%2C+Oman+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FGB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3D1W-OM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-OMSB6a81-180"><a href="#cite_ref-OMSB6a81_180-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=OM-1W">"Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) – Oman, World | Data"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425044515/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=OM-1W">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-25. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+expenditure+on+education%2C+total+%28%25+of+GDP%29+%E2%80%93+Oman%2C+World+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3DOM-1W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-OE1-181"><a href="#cite_ref-OE1_181-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?end=2017&locations=OM&start=1986&view=chart">"Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)"</a>. The World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929152350/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?end=2017&locations=OM&start=1986&view=chart">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-09-29. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+expenditure+on+education%2C+total+%28%25+of+GDP%29&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS%3Fend%3D2017%26locations%3DOM%26start%3D1986%26view%3Dchart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-OE2-182"><a href="#cite_ref-OE2_182-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/oman/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS">"Military expenditure (% of GDP)"</a>. indexmundi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220411115727/https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/oman/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-11. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Military+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29&rft.pub=indexmundi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Ffacts%2Foman%2Findicator%2FMS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-OE3-183"><a href="#cite_ref-OE3_183-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=OM">"Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)"</a>. The World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007053203/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS?locations=OM">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-10-07. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+and+development+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FGB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3DOM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-OE4-184"><a href="#cite_ref-OE4_184-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=OM">"health expenditure (% of GDP)"</a>. The World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120072109/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=OM">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-20. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=health+expenditure+%28%25+of+GDP%29&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS%3Flocations%3DOM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP-185"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_185-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. Divisi Populasi <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Urusan_Ekonomi_dan_Sosial_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Departemen Urusan Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Departemen Urusan Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022&rft.pub=Divisi+Populasi+Departemen+Urusan+Ekonomi+dan+Sosial+Perserikatan+Bangsa-Bangsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-186"><a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_186-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx">"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"</a> (XSLX) ("Total Populasi, per 1 Juli (ribuan)"). Divisi Populasi <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Urusan_Ekonomi_dan_Sosial_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Departemen Urusan Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Departemen Urusan Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&rft.pub=Divisi+Populasi+Departemen+Urusan+Ekonomi+dan+Sosial+Perserikatan+Bangsa-Bangsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofoman.com/article/117268-omans-population-crosses-45-million-2">"Oman's population crosses 4.5 million"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209021936/https://timesofoman.com/article/117268-omans-population-crosses-45-million-2">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-09. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oman%27s+population+crosses+4.5+million&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofoman.com%2Farticle%2F117268-omans-population-crosses-45-million-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?locations=OM">"Fertility rate, total (Births per woman) - Oman | Data"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209080422/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?locations=OM">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-09. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fertility+rate%2C+total+%28Births+per+woman%29+-+Oman+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.TFRT.IN%3Flocations%3DOM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-inequal-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inequal_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inequal_189-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inequal_189-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book">Khalid M. Al-Azri (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eb6Pgy1Q0vQC&pg=PA40">Social and Gender Inequality in Oman: The Power of Religious and Political Tradition</a>. hlm. 40. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1138816794" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1138816794">978-1138816794</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035639/https://books.google.com/books?id=eb6Pgy1Q0vQC&pg=PA40">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+and+Gender+Inequality+in+Oman%3A+The+Power+of+Religious+and+Political+Tradition&rft.pages=40&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1138816794&rft.au=Khalid+M.+Al-Azri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Deb6Pgy1Q0vQC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-fa-190"><a href="#cite_ref-fa_190-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judith_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judith Miller (halaman belum tersedia)">Judith Miller</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/53039/judith-miller/creating-modern-oman-an-interview-with-sultan-qabus">"Creating Modern Oman: An Interview with Sultan Qabus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228174118/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/53039/judith-miller/creating-modern-oman-an-interview-with-sultan-qabus">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-12-28. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Creating+Modern+Oman%3A+An+Interview+with+Sultan+Qabus&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Judith+Miller&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2F53039%2Fjudith-miller%2Fcreating-modern-oman-an-interview-with-sultan-qabus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Sulaiman al-Farsi (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ghbC-V8YKyEC&pg=PA196">Democracy and Youth in the Middle East: Islam, Tribalism and the Rentier State in Oman</a>. hlm. 170–197. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1780760902" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1780760902">978-1780760902</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035639/https://books.google.com/books?id=ghbC-V8YKyEC&pg=PA196">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+and+Youth+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Islam%2C+Tribalism+and+the+Rentier+State+in+Oman&rft.pages=170-197&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1780760902&rft.au=Sulaiman+al-Farsi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DghbC-V8YKyEC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <cite class="citation news">al Shaibany, Saleh (4 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/omanis-flocking-to-zanzibar-their-ancestral-home">"Omanis flocking to Zanzibar, their ancestral home"</a>. The National. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408183502/http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/omanis-flocking-to-zanzibar-their-ancestral-home">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-04-08. Diakses tanggal 30 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Omanis+flocking+to+Zanzibar%2C+their+ancestral+home&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft.aulast=al+Shaibany&rft.aufirst=Saleh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fomanis-flocking-to-zanzibar-their-ancestral-home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1489531/world">"Arab legacy lingers as Pakistan's Gwadar grows from tiny fishing town into port city"</a>. 29 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007095109/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1489531/world">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-10-07. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+legacy+lingers+as+Pakistan%27s+Gwadar+grows+from+tiny+fishing+town+into+port+city&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1489531%2Fworld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CIATONGA-194"><a href="#cite_ref-CIATONGA_194-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/">"Middle East OMAN"</a>. CIA The World Factbook. 21 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Middle+East+OMAN&rft.pub=CIA+The+World+Factbook&rft.date=2021-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Foman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-coosoo-195"><a href="#cite_ref-coosoo_195-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omansultanate.com/culture.htm">"Culture of Oman"</a>. Sultanate of Oman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206045024/http://www.omansultanate.com/culture.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-12-06. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+of+Oman&rft.pub=Sultanate+of+Oman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omansultanate.com%2Fculture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-kcom-196"><a href="#cite_ref-kcom_196-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Common, Richard K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/ijls/new/vol6iss2/3_Common_pp215-229_jm.pdf">"Barriers To Developing 'Leadership' In The Sultanate Of Oman"</a> (PDF). International Journal of Leadership Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180409204103/https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/ijls/new/vol6iss2/3_Common_pp215-229_jm.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2018-04-09. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barriers+To+Developing+%27Leadership%27+In+The+Sultanate+Of+Oman&rft.pub=International+Journal+of+Leadership+Studies&rft.aulast=Common&rft.aufirst=Richard+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regent.edu%2Facad%2Fglobal%2Fpublications%2Fijls%2Fnew%2Fvol6iss2%2F3_Common_pp215-229_jm.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omantourism.gov.om/wps/portal/mot/tourism/oman/detailsp/!ut/p/c4/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3j_oMBgNz9XEwODED9zA09PE3MTLxdjYzcnE_2CbEdFANHQ-q8!/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Fmot_english_lib%2Fmot%2Fexperience%2Fculture%2Fcrafts%2Fship+building">"The Ship Building Industry"</a>. Ministry of Tourism, Sultanate of Oman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301092624/https://www.omantourism.gov.om/wps/portal/mot/tourism/oman/detailsp/!ut/p/c4/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3j_oMBgNz9XEwODED9zA09PE3MTLxdjYzcnE_2CbEdFANHQ-q8!/?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Fmot_english_lib%2Fmot%2Fexperience%2Fculture%2Fcrafts%2Fship+building">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-03-01. Diakses tanggal 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ship+Building+Industry&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Tourism%2C+Sultanate+of+Oman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omantourism.gov.om%2Fwps%2Fportal%2Fmot%2Ftourism%2Foman%2Fdetailsp%2F%21ut%2Fp%2Fc4%2F04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3j_oMBgNz9XEwODED9zA09PE3MTLxdjYzcnE_2CbEdFANHQ-q8%21%2F%3FWCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT%3D%252Fwps%252Fwcm%252Fconnect%252Fmot_english_lib%252Fmot%252Fexperience%252Fculture%252Fcrafts%252Fship%2Bbuilding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <cite class="citation magazine">Romey, Kristin (14 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/20160314-oman-shipwreck-explorer-vasco-da-gama-age-of-exploration-india-route/">"Shipwreck Discovered from Explorer Vasco da Gama's Fleet"</a>. National Geographic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129054913/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/20160314-oman-shipwreck-explorer-vasco-da-gama-age-of-exploration-india-route/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-01-29. Diakses tanggal 15 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Shipwreck+Discovered+from+Explorer+Vasco+da+Gama%27s+Fleet&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft.aulast=Romey&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2F2016%2F03%2F20160314-oman-shipwreck-explorer-vasco-da-gama-age-of-exploration-india-route%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lebih_lanjut">Bacaan lebih lanjut</h2></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Negara dan Bangsa Jilid 3: Asia. Jakarta: Widyadara. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/979808702X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 979-8087-02-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negara+dan+Bangsa+Jilid+3%3A+Asia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Widyadara&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AOman" class="Z3988">  (Indonesia)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="commons:عمان (سلطنة)">عمان (سلطنة)</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Oman#Q842" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Oman">Oman</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omanet.om/english/home.asp">Situs Kementerian Informasi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220121327/http://www.omanet.om/english/home.asp">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-12-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwebproject.org/oman-dubai/">Oman and Dubai: A Photo Diary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kemlu.go.id/muscat/id/pages/_geografi_oman/2800/etc-menu">Geografi Oman</a>, Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Timur_Tengah" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Timur Tengah"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Timur_Tengah&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_di_Timur_Tengah" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_di_dunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar negara di dunia">Negara</a> di <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Irak">Kurdistan Irak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Palestina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalur_Gaza" title="Jalur Gaza">Gaza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Siprus_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Turki Siprus Utara">Siprus Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava">Federasi Suriah Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendudukan_Turki_di_Suriah_utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendudukan Turki di Suriah utara">Pendudukan Turki di Suriah utara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisasi_Kerja_Sama_Islam_(OKI)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:OKI" title="Templat:OKI"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:OKI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:OKI (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:OKI&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisasi_Kerja_Sama_Islam_(OKI)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Kerja_Sama_Islam" title="Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam">Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam (OKI)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aljazair" title="Aljazair">Aljazair</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jibuti" title="Jibuti">Jibuti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro">Komoro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kirgizstan" title="Kirgizstan">Kirgizstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maladewa" title="Maladewa">Maladewa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a> · <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Palestina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pantai_Gading" title="Pantai Gading">Pantai Gading</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> · <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengamat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negara</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Tengah" title="Afrika Tengah">Afrika Tengah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Siprus_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Turki Siprus Utara">Siprus Turki</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisasi/komunitas muslim</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Front_Pembebasan_Nasional_Moro" title="Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro">Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institusi Islam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Uni_Parlemen_Negara_Anggota_OKI" title="Uni Parlemen Negara Anggota OKI">Uni Parlemen Negara Anggota OKI</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisasi internasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Non-Blok" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan Non-Blok">Gerakan Non-Blok</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liga_Arab" title="Liga Arab">Liga Arab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Kerja_Sama_Ekonomi" title="Organisasi Kerja Sama Ekonomi">Organisasi Kerja Sama Ekonomi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uni_Afrika" title="Uni Afrika">Uni Afrika</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liga_Arab" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Liga_Arab" title="Templat:Liga Arab"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Liga_Arab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Liga Arab (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Liga_Arab&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liga_Arab" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liga_Arab" title="Liga Arab">Liga Arab</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aljazair" title="Aljazair">Aljazair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> (pendiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibuti" title="Jibuti">Jibuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> (pendiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro">Komoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> (pendiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> (pendiri)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Palestina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> (pendiri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a> (pendiri)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/55px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/83px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/110px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="450" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dibekukan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a> (pendiri)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pemantau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4075653-1">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123150309">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137795373">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/137795373">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453551">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865205d">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865205d">(data)</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152832840">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152832840">(data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11943001r">3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11943001r">(data)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81035932">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567516">Jepang</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134412&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000101417&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000615221&local_base=nsk10">Kroasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/dfc18d0a-dd51-44e9-a48e-4cb56c56327a">KulturNav (Norway)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212768/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></li> 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