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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Ziyad S. Haidar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ziyad S. Haidar"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ziyad S. Haidar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Ziyad S. 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Haidar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 28</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ziyad S. Haidar</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Annexation (Al-Iḍāfah) in Thariq bin Ziyad’s Speech</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annisa%20D.%20Febryandini">Annisa D. Febryandini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Annexation is a typical construction that commonly used in Arabic language. The use of the construction appears in Arabic speech such as the speech of Thariq bin Ziyad. The speech as one of the most famous speeches in the history of Islam uses many annexations. This qualitative research paper uses the secondary data by library method. Based on the data, this paper concludes that the speech has two basic structures with some variations and has some grammatical relationship. Different from the other researches that identify the speech in sociology field, the speech in this paper will be analyzed in linguistic field to take a look at the structure of its annexation as well as the grammatical relationship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annexation" title="annexation">annexation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thariq%20bin%20Ziyad" title=" Thariq bin Ziyad"> Thariq bin Ziyad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grammatical%20relationship" title=" grammatical relationship"> grammatical relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20syntax" title=" Arabic syntax"> Arabic syntax</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72847/annexation-al-iafah-in-thariq-bin-ziyads-speech" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Freedom of Speech, Dissent and the Right to be Governed By Consensus are Inherent Rights Under Classical Islamic Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Motala">Ziyad Motala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is often proclaimed by leasers in Muslim majority countries that Islamic Law does not permit dissent against a ruler. This paper will evaluate and discuss freedom of speech and dissent as found in concrete prophetic examples during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. It will further look at the examples and practices during the time of the four Noble Caliphs, the immediate successors to the Prophet Muhammad. It will argue that the positivist position of absolute obedience to a ruler is inconsistent with the prophetic tradition. The examples of the Prophet and his immediate four successors (whose lessons Sunni Islam considers to be a source of Islamic Law) demonstrates among the earliest example of freedom of speech and dissent in human history. That tradition frowned upon an inert and uninvolved citizenry. It will conclude with lessons for modern day Muslim majority countries arguing with empirical evidence that freedom of speech, dissent and the right to be governed by consensus versus coercion are fundamental requisites of Islamic law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20law" title="islamic law">islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demoracy" title=" demoracy"> demoracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20speech" title=" freedom of speech"> freedom of speech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20to%20dissent" title=" right to dissent"> right to dissent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153937/freedom-of-speech-dissent-and-the-right-to-be-governed-by-consensus-are-inherent-rights-under-classical-islamic-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> A Study of Student Affairs Services across Baghdad Universities: Exploring Best Practices and Impact on Student Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20Zivkovic">Jelena Zivkovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidar%20Mohammed"> Haidar Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elaf%20Saeed"> Elaf Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Student affairs services play a critical role in contributing to the wholistic development and success of students as they progress through their academic careers. The study encompasses a multifaceted examination of student affairs service offerings amongst 10 private and 3 public Baghdad universities. Student affairs administrators (13) were surveyed along with over 300 students to determine university-sponsored services and student satisfaction and awareness. The student affairs service research findings varied significantly between private and public institutions and those that followed a national and international curriculum. Universities need to persist to adapt to changing demographics and technological advancements to enhance students' personal and academic successes, and student affairs services are key to preparing graduates to thrive in a diverse global world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20affairs" title="student affairs">student affairs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20success" title=" student success"> student success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraq" title=" Iraq"> Iraq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universities" title=" universities"> universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baghdad" title=" Baghdad"> Baghdad</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171125/a-study-of-student-affairs-services-across-baghdad-universities-exploring-best-practices-and-impact-on-student-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Machine Learning Approach for Lateralization of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira-Sadat%20JamaliDinan">Samira-Sadat JamaliDinan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidar%20Almohri"> Haidar Almohri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad-Reza%20Nazem-Zadeh"> Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is very important for positive surgical outcomes. We propose a machine learning framework to ultimately identify the epileptogenic hemisphere for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) cases using magnetoencephalography (MEG) coherence source imaging (CSI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Unlike most studies that use classification algorithms, we propose an effective clustering approach to distinguish between normal and TLE cases. We apply the famous Minkowski weighted K-Means (MWK-Means) technique as the clustering framework. To overcome the problem of poor initialization of K-Means, we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to effectively select the initial centroids of clusters prior to applying MWK-Means. We demonstrate that compared to K-means and MWK-means independently, this approach is able to improve the result of a benchmark data set. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20lobe%20epilepsy" title="temporal lobe epilepsy">temporal lobe epilepsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetoencephalography" title=" magnetoencephalography"> magnetoencephalography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115667/machine-learning-approach-for-lateralization-of-temporal-lobe-epilepsy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Saudi and U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Saudi Vision 2030 Concerning Women in Online Newspapers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Alghamdi">Ziyad Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates how issues concerning Saudi women have been represented in selected U.S. and Saudi publications. Saudi Vision 2030 is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's development strategy, which was revealed on April 25, 2016. This study used 115 news items across selected newspapers as its sampling. The New York Times and the Washington Post were chosen to represent U.S. newspapers and picked two Saudi newspapers, Al Jazirah, and Al Watan. This research examines how these issues were covered before and during the implementation of Saudi Vision 2030. The news pieces were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The qualitative study employed an inductive technique to uncover frames. Furthermore, this work looked at how American and Saudi publications had framed Saudi women depicted in images by reviewing the photographs used in news reports about Saudi women's issues. The primary conclusion implies that the human-interest frame was more prevalent in American media, whereas the economic frame was more prevalent in Saudi publications. A variety of diverse topics were considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20newspapers" title="Saudi newspapers">Saudi newspapers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Vision%202030" title=" Saudi Vision 2030"> Saudi Vision 2030</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framing%20theory" title=" framing theory"> framing theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20women" title=" Saudi women"> Saudi women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160697/saudi-and-us-newspaper-coverage-of-saudi-vision-2030-concerning-women-in-online-newspapers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Predicting Global Solar Radiation Using Recurrent Neural Networks and Climatological Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rami%20El-Hajj%20Mohamad">Rami El-Hajj Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Skafi"> Mahmoud Skafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Massoud%20Haidar"> Ali Massoud Haidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several meteorological parameters were used for the prediction of monthly average daily global solar radiation on horizontal using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Climatological data and measures, mainly air temperature, humidity, sunshine duration, and wind speed between 1995 and 2007 were used to design and validate a feed forward and recurrent neural network based prediction systems. In this paper we present our reference system based on a feed-forward multilayer perceptron (MLP) as well as the proposed approach based on an RNN model. The obtained results were promising and comparable to those obtained by other existing empirical and neural models. The experimental results showed the advantage of RNNs over simple MLPs when we deal with time series solar radiation predictions based on daily climatological data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrent%20neural%20networks" title="recurrent neural networks">recurrent neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20solar%20radiation" title=" global solar radiation"> global solar radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layer%20perceptron" title=" multi-layer perceptron"> multi-layer perceptron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient" title=" gradient"> gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20mean%20square%20error" title=" root mean square error"> root mean square error</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2385/predicting-global-solar-radiation-using-recurrent-neural-networks-and-climatological-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Windcatcher as Sustainable Solution for Natural Ventilation in Hot Arid Regions: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Nejat">Payam Nejat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Jomehzadeh"> Fatemeh Jomehzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Zaimi%20Abd.%20Majid"> Muhamad Zaimi Abd. Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.Badruddin%20Yusof"> Mohd.Badruddin Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasrul%20Haidar%20Ismail"> Hasrul Haidar Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, building energy consumption has become an international issue especially in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia 14% of total final energy consumption is utilized in the building sector. Due to hot arid climate, 60% of total building energy consumption in this country is associated with cooling systems. In addition in 2011, this country was one of top ten CO2 emitting countries which illustrate the significance of renewable resources to sustaining the energy consumption. Wind as an important renewable energy can play a prominent role to supply natural ventilation inside the building and windcatcher as a traditional technique can be implemented for this purpose. In this paper the different types of windcatchers, its performance and function was reviewed. It can be concluded due high temperature and low humidity in most area of Saudi Arabia this technique can be successfully be employed and help to reduce fossil energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title="natural ventilation">natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=windcatcher" title=" windcatcher"> windcatcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=badgir" title=" badgir "> badgir </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14268/windcatcher-as-sustainable-solution-for-natural-ventilation-in-hot-arid-regions-a-case-study-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> “MaxSALIVA-II” Advancing a Nano-Sized Dual-Drug Delivery System for Salivary Gland Radioprotection, Regeneration and Repair in a Head and Neck Cancer Pre-Clinical Murine Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20S.%20Haidar">Ziyad S. Haidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Saliva plays a major role in maintaining oral, dental, and general health and well-being; where it normally bathes the oral cavity acting as a clearing agent. This becomes more apparent when the amount and quality of saliva are significantly reduced due to medications, salivary gland neoplasms, disorders such as Sjögren’s syndrome, and especially ionizing radiation therapy for tumors of the head and neck, the 5th most common malignancy worldwide, during which the salivary glands are included within the radiation field/zone. Clinically, patients affected by salivary gland dysfunction often opt to terminate their radiotherapy course prematurely as they become malnourished and experience a significant decrease in their QoL. Accordingly, the formulation of a radio-protection/-prevention modality and development of an alternative Rx to restore damaged salivary gland tissue is eagerly awaited and highly desirable. Objectives: Assess the pre-clinical radio-protective effect and reparative/regenerative potential of layer-by-layer self-assembled lipid-polymer-based core-shell nanocapsules designed and fine-tuned for the sequential (ordered) release of dual cytokines, following a single local administration (direct injection) into a murine sub-mandibular salivary gland model of irradiation. Methods: The formulated core-shell nanocapsules were characterized by physical-chemical-mechanically pre-/post-loading with the drugs, followed by optimizing the pharmaco-kinetic profile. Then, nanosuspensions were administered directly into the salivary glands, 24hrs pre-irradiation (PBS, un-loaded nanocapsules, and individual and combined vehicle-free cytokines were injected into the control glands for an in-depth comparative analysis). External irradiation at an elevated dose of 18Gy was exposed to the head-and-neck region of C57BL/6 mice. Salivary flow rate (un-stimulated) and salivary protein content/excretion were regularly assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (3-month period). Histological and histomorphometric evaluation and apoptosis/proliferation analysis followed by local versus systemic bio-distribution and immuno-histochemical assays were then performed on all harvested major organs (at the distinct experimental end-points). Results: Monodisperse, stable, and cytocompatible nanocapsules capable of maintaining the bioactivity of the encapsulant within the different compartments with the core and shell and with controlled/customizable pharmaco-kinetics, resulted, as is illustrated in the graphical abstract (Figure) below. The experimental animals demonstrated a significant increase in salivary flow rates when compared to the controls. Herein, salivary protein content was comparable to the pre-irradiation (baseline) level. Histomorphometry further confirmed the biocompatibility and localization of the nanocapsules, in vivo, into the site of injection. Acinar cells showed fewer vacuoles and nuclear aberration in the experimental group, while the amount of mucin was higher in controls. Overall, fewer apoptotic activities were detected by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay and proliferative rates were similar to the controls, suggesting an interesting reparative and regenerative potential of irradiation-damaged/-dysfunctional salivary glands. The Figure below exemplifies some of these findings. Conclusions: Biocompatible, reproducible, and customizable self-assembling layer-by-layer core-shell delivery system is formulated and presented. Our findings suggest that localized sequential bioactive delivery of dual cytokines (in specific dose and order) can prevent irradiation-induced damage via reducing apoptosis and also has the potential to promote in situ proliferation of salivary gland cells; maxSALIVA is scalable (Good Manufacturing Practice or GMP production for human clinical trials) and patent-pending. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20and%20neck" title=" head and neck"> head and neck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oncology" title=" oncology"> oncology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20development" title=" drug development"> drug development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery%20systems" title=" drug delivery systems"> drug delivery systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoncology" title=" nanoncology"> nanoncology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168239/maxsaliva-ii-advancing-a-nano-sized-dual-drug-delivery-system-for-salivary-gland-radioprotection-regeneration-and-repair-in-a-head-and-neck-cancer-pre-clinical-murine-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> “SockGEL/PLUG” Injectable Smart/Intelligent and Bio-Inspired Sol-Gel Nanomaterials for Simple and Complex Oro-Dental and Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Interventional Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20S.%20Haidar">Ziyad S. Haidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Millions of teeth are removed annually, and dental extraction is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures globally. Whether due to caries, periodontal disease or trauma, exodontia and the ensuing wound healing and bone remodeling processes of the resultant socket (hole in the jaw bone) usually result in serious deformities of the residual alveolar osseous ridge and surrounding soft tissues (reduced height/width). Such voluminous changes render the placement of a proper conventional bridge, denture or even an implant-supported prosthesis extremely challenging. Further, most extractions continue to be performed with no regard for preventing the onset of alveolar osteitis (also known as dry socket, a painful and difficult-to-treat/-manage condition post-exodontia). Hence, such serious resorptive morphological changes often result in significant facial deformities and a negative impact on the overall Quality of Life (QoL) of patients (and oral health-related QoL), alarming, particularly for the geriatric with compromised healing and in light of the thriving longevity statistics. Opportunity: Despite advances in tissue/wound grafting, serious limitations continue to exist, including efficacy and clinical outcome predictability, cost, treatment time, expertise and risk of immune reactions. For cases of dry sockets, specifically, the commercially-available and often-prescribed home remedies are highly lacking. Indeed, most are not recommended for use anymore. Alveogyl is a fine example. Hence, there is a great market demand and need for alternative solutions. Solution: Herein, SockGEL/PLUG (patent pending), an all-natural, drug-free and injectable stimuli-responsive hydrogel, was designed, formulated, characterized and evaluated as an osteogenic, angiogenic, anti-microbial and pain-soothing suture-free intra-alveolar dressing, safe and efficacious for use in several oro-dental and cranio-maxillo-facial interventional applications; for example: in fresh dental extraction sockets, immediately post-exodontia. It is composed of FDA-approved, biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, self-assembled electro-statically to formulate a scaffolding matrix to (a) prevent the onset of alveolar osteitis via securing the fibrin-clot in situ and protecting/sealing the socket from contamination/infection; and (b) endogenously promote/accelerate wound healing and bone remodeling to preserve the volume of the alveolus. Findings: The intrinsic properties of the SockGEL/PLUG hydrogel were evaluated physico-chemico-mechanically for safety (cell viability), viscosity, rheology, bio-distribution and essentially, capacity to induce wound healing and osteogenesis (small defect, in vivo) without any signaling cues from exogenous cells, growth factors or drugs. The performed animal model of cranial critical-sized and non-vascularized bone defects shall provide vitally critical insights into the role and mechanism of the employed natural bio-polymer blend and gel product in endogenous reparative regeneration of soft tissues and bone morphogenesis. Alongside, the fine-tuning of our modified formulation method will further tackle appropriateness, reproducibility, scalability, ease and speed in producing stable, biodegradable and sterilizable stimuli (thermo-sensitive and photo-responsive) matrices (3-dimensional interpenetrating yet porous polymeric network) suitable for an intra-socket application, and beyond. Conclusions and Perspective: Findings are anticipated to provide sufficient evidence to translate into pilot clinical trials and validate the bionanomaterial before engaging the market for feasibility, acceptance and cost-effectiveness studies. The SockGEL/PLUG platform is patent pending: SockGEL is a bio-inspired drug-free hydrogel; SockPLUG is a drug-loaded hydrogel designed for complex indications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title="hydrogel">hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injectable" title=" injectable"> injectable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dentistry" title=" dentistry"> dentistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craniomaxillofacial%20complex" title=" craniomaxillofacial complex"> craniomaxillofacial complex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinspired" title=" bioinspired"> bioinspired</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanobiotechnology" title=" nanobiotechnology"> nanobiotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymer" title=" biopolymer"> biopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimuli-responsive" title=" stimuli-responsive"> stimuli-responsive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix" title=" matrix"> matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering"> tissue engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerative%20medicine" title=" regenerative medicine"> regenerative medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162060/sockgelplug-injectable-smartintelligent-and-bio-inspired-sol-gel-nanomaterials-for-simple-and-complex-oro-dental-and-cranio-maxillo-facial-interventional-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Mixed Alumina-Silicate Materials for Groundwater Remediation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Abunada">Ziyad Abunada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Al-tabbaa"> Abir Al-tabbaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current work is investigating the effectiveness of combined mixed materials mainly modified bentonites and organoclay in treating contaminated groundwater. Sodium bentonite was manufactured with a quaternary amine surfactant, dimethyl ammonium chloride to produce organoclay (OC). Inorgano-organo bentonite (IOB) was produced by intercalating alkylbenzyd-methyl-ammonium chloride surfactant into sodium bentonite and pillared with chlorohydrol pillaring agent. The materials efficiency was tested for both TEX compounds from model-contaminated water and a mixture of organic contaminants found in groundwater samples collected from a contaminated site in the United Kingdom. The sorption data was fitted well to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models reflecting the double sorption model where the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.89 for all materials. The mixed materials showed higher sorptive capacity than individual material with a preference order of X> E> T and a maximum sorptive capacity of 21.8 mg/g was reported for IOB-OC materials for o-xylene. The mixed materials showed at least two times higher affinity towards a mixture of organic contaminants in groundwater samples. Other experimental parameters such as pH and contact time were also investigated. The pseudo-second-order rate equation was able to provide the best description of adsorption kinetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20bentobite" title="modified bentobite">modified bentobite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminats" title=" contaminats"> contaminats</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39667/mixed-alumina-silicate-materials-for-groundwater-remediation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> “MaxSALIVA”: A Nano-Sized Dual-Drug Delivery System for Salivary Gland Radioprotection and Repair in Head and Neck Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20S.%20Haidar">Ziyad S. Haidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Saliva plays a major role in maintaining oral and dental health (consequently, general health and well-being). Where it normally bathes the oral cavity and acts as a clearing agent. This becomes more apparent when the amount and quality of salivare significantly reduced due to medications, salivary gland neoplasms, disorders such as Sjögren’s syndrome, and especially ionizing radiation therapy for tumors of the head and neck, the fifth most common malignancy worldwide, during which the salivary glands are included within the radiation field or zone. Clinically, patients affected by salivary gland dysfunction often opt to terminate their radiotherapy course prematurely because they become malnourished and experience a significant decrease in their quality of life. Accordingly, the development of an alternative treatment to restore or regenerate damaged salivary gland tissue is eagerly awaited. Likewise, the formulation of a radioprotection modality and early damage prevention strategy is also highly desirable. Objectives: To assess the pre-clinical radio-protective effect as well as the reparative/regenerative potential of layer-by-layer self-assembled lipid-polymer-based core-shell nanocapsules designed and fine-tuned in this experimental work for the sequential (ordered) release of dual cytokines, following a single local administration (direct injection) into a murine sub-mandibular salivary gland model of irradiation. Methods: The formulated core-shell nanocapsules were characterized by physical-chemical-mechanically pre-/post-loading with the drugs (in solution and powder formats), followed by optimizing the pharmaco-kinetic profile. Then, nanosuspensions were administered directly into the salivary glands, 24hrs pre-irradiation (PBS, un-loaded nanocapsules, and individual and combined vehicle-free cytokines were injected into the control glands for an in-depth comparative analysis). External irradiation at an elevated dose of 18Gy (revised from our previous 15Gy model) was exposed to the head-and-neck region of C57BL/6 mice. Salivary flow rate (un-stimulated) and salivary protein content/excretion were regularly assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (3-month period). Histological and histomorphometric evaluation and apoptosis/proliferation analysis followed by local versus systemic bio-distribution and immuno-histochemical assays were then performed on all harvested major organs (at the distinct experimental end-points). Results: Monodisperse, stable, and cytocompatible nanocapsules capable of maintaining the bioactivity of the encapsulant within the different compartments with the core and shell and with controlled/customizable pharmaco-kinetics, resulted, as is illustrated in the graphical abstract (Figure) below. The experimental animals demonstrated a significant increase in salivary flow rates when compared to the controls. Herein, salivary protein content was comparable to the pre-irradiation (baseline) level. Histomorphometry further confirmed the biocompatibility and localization of the nanocapsules, in vivo, into the site of injection. Acinar cells showed fewer vacuoles and nuclear aberration in the experimental group, while the amount of mucin was higher in controls. Overall, fewer apoptotic activities were detected by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay and proliferative rates were similar to the controls, suggesting an interesting reparative and regenerative potential of irradiation-damaged/-dysfunctional salivary glands. The Figure below exemplifies some of these findings. Conclusions: Biocompatible, reproducible, and customizable self-assembling layer-by-layer core-shell delivery system is formulated and presented. Our findings suggest that localized sequential bioactive delivery of dual cytokines (in specific dose and order) can prevent irradiation-induced damage via reducing apoptosis and also has the potential to promote in situ proliferation of salivary gland cells; maxSALIVA is scalable (Good Manufacturing Practice or GMP production for human clinical trials) and patent-pending. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saliva" title="saliva">saliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20and%20neck%20cancer" title=" head and neck cancer"> head and neck cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20drug%20delivery" title=" controlled drug delivery"> controlled drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xerostomia" title=" xerostomia"> xerostomia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucositis" title=" mucositis"> mucositis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymers" title=" biopolymers"> biopolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162041/maxsaliva-a-nano-sized-dual-drug-delivery-system-for-salivary-gland-radioprotection-and-repair-in-head-and-neck-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Biosynthesis of Natural and Halogenated Plant Alkaloids in Yeast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20J.%20Lehka">Beata J. Lehka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20A.%20Bradley"> Samuel A. Bradley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederik%20G.%20Hansson"> Frederik G. Hansson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khem%20B.%20Adhikari"> Khem B. Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Rago"> Daniela Rago</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulina%20Rubaszka"> Paulina Rubaszka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20K.%20Haidar"> Ahmad K. Haidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Chen"> Ling Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lea%20G.%20Hansen"> Lea G. Hansen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Gudich"> Olga Gudich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantina%20Giannakou"> Konstantina Giannakou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoko%20Nakamura"> Yoko Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Dug%C3%A9%20de%20Bernonville"> Thomas Dugé de Bernonville</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20Koudounas"> Konstantinos Koudounas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20E.%20O%E2%80%99Connor"> Sarah E. O’Connor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Courdavault"> Vincent Courdavault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jay%20D.%20Keasling"> Jay D. Keasling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Zhang"> Jie Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20K.%20Jensen"> Michael K. Jensen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) represent a large class of natural plant products with marketed pharmaceutical activities against a wide range of applications, including cancer and mental disorders. Halogenated MIAs have shown improved pharmaceutical properties; however, characterisation and synthesis of new-to-nature halogenated MIAs remain a challenge in slow-growing plants with limited genetic tractability. Here, we demonstrate a platform for de novo biosynthesis of two bioactive MIAs, serpentine and alstonine, in baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, reaching titers of 8.85 mg/L and 4.48 mg/L, respectively, when cultivated in fed-batch micro bioreactors. Using this MIA biosynthesis platform, we undertake a systematic exploration of the derivative space surrounding these compounds and produce halogenated MIAs. The aim of the current study is to develop a fermentation process for halogenated MIAs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoterpenoid%20indole%20alkaloids" title="monoterpenoid indole alkaloids">monoterpenoid indole alkaloids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saccharomyces%20cerevisiae" title=" Saccharomyces cerevisiae"> Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halogenated%20derivatives" title=" halogenated derivatives"> halogenated derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150245/biosynthesis-of-natural-and-halogenated-plant-alkaloids-in-yeast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Perceptions of Higher Education Online Learning Faculty in Lebanon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noha%20Hamie%20Haidar">Noha Hamie Haidar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this case study was to explore faculty attitudes toward online learning in a Lebanese Higher Education Institution (HEI). The research problem addressed the disinterest among faculty at the Arts, Sciences, and Technology University of Lebanon (AUL) in enhancing learning using online technology. The research questions for the study examined the attitudes of the faculty toward applying online learning and the extent of the faculty readiness to adopt this technological change. A qualitative case study design was used that employed multiple sources of information including semi-structured interviews and existing literature. The target population was AUL faculty including full-time instructors and administration (n=25). Data analysis was guided by the lens of Kanter’s theoretical approach, which focused on faculty’s awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement model (ADKAR) for adopting change. Key findings indicated negative impressions concerning online learning such as authority (ministry of education, culture, and rules); and change (increased enrollment and different teaching styles). Yet, within AUL’s academic environment, the opportunity for the adoption of online learning was identified; faculty showed positive elements, such as the competitive advantage to first enter the Lebanese Market, and higher student enrollment. These results may encourage AUL’s faculty to adopt online learning and to achieve a positive social change by expanding the ability of students in HEIs to compete globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faculty" title="faculty">faculty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title=" online learning "> online learning </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26365/perceptions-of-higher-education-online-learning-faculty-in-lebanon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Performance of Visual Inspection Using Acetic Acid for Cervical Cancer Screening as Compared to HPV DNA Testingin Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agajie%20Likie%20%20Bogale">Agajie Likie Bogale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tilahun%20Teklehaymanot"> Tilahun Teklehaymanot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getnet%20Mitike%20Kassie"> Getnet Mitike Kassie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girmay%20Medhin">Girmay Medhin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jemal%20Haidar%20Ali"> Jemal Haidar Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nega%20Berhe%20Belay"> Nega Berhe Belay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of visual inspection using acetic acid compared with HPV DNA testing among women living with HIV in Ethiopia. Methods: Acomparative cross-sectional study was conducted to address the aforementioned objective. Data were collected from January to October 2021 to compare the performance of these two screening modalities. Trained clinicians collected cervical specimens and immediately applied acetic acid for visual inspection. The HPV DNA testing was done using Abbott m2000rt/SP by trained laboratory professionals in accredited laboratories. A total of 578 HIV positive women with age 25-49 years were included. Results: Test positivity was 8.9% using VIA and 23.3% using HPV DNA test. The sensitivity and specificity of the VIA test were 19.2% and 95.1%, respectively, while the positive and negative predictive values of the VIA test were 54.4% and 79.4%, respectively. The strength of agreement between the two screening methods was poor (k=0.184), and the area under the curve was 0.572. The burden of genetic distribution of high risk HPV16 was 3.8%, and mixed HPV16& other HR HPV was 1.9%. Other high risk HPV types were predominant in this study (15.7%). Conclusion: The high positivity result using HPV DNA testing compared with VIA, and low sensitivity of VIA are indicating that the implementation of HPV DNA testing as the primary screening strategy is likely to reduce cervical cancer cases and deaths of women in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20cancer%20screening" title="cervical cancer screening">cervical cancer screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPV%20DNA" title=" HPV DNA"> HPV DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VIA" title=" VIA"> VIA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147099/performance-of-visual-inspection-using-acetic-acid-for-cervical-cancer-screening-as-compared-to-hpv-dna-testingin-ethiopia-a-comparative-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> A Framework for Secure Information Flow Analysis in Web Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ralph%20Adaimy">Ralph Adaimy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassim%20El-Hajj"> Wassim El-Hajj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghassen%20Ben%20Brahim"> Ghassen Ben Brahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazem%20Hajj"> Hazem Hajj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidar%20Safa"> Haidar Safa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Huge amounts of data and personal information are being sent to and retrieved from web applications on daily basis. Every application has its own confidentiality and integrity policies. Violating these policies can have broad negative impact on the involved company’s financial status, while enforcing them is very hard even for the developers with good security background. In this paper, we propose a framework that enforces security-by-construction in web applications. Minimal developer effort is required, in a sense that the developer only needs to annotate database attributes by a security class. The web application code is then converted into an intermediary representation, called Extended Program Dependence Graph (EPDG). Using the EPDG, the provided annotations are propagated to the application code and run against generic security enforcement rules that were carefully designed to detect insecure information flows as early as they occur. As a result, any violation in the data’s confidentiality or integrity policies is reported. As a proof of concept, two PHP web applications, Hotel Reservation and Auction, were used for testing and validation. The proposed system was able to catch all the existing insecure information flows at their source. Moreover and to highlight the simplicity of the suggested approaches vs. existing approaches, two professional web developers assessed the annotation tasks needed in the presented case studies and provided a very positive feedback on the simplicity of the annotation task. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20applications%20security" title="web applications security">web applications security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secure%20information%20flow" title=" secure information flow"> secure information flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=program%20dependence%20graph" title=" program dependence graph"> program dependence graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=database%20annotation" title=" database annotation"> database annotation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19919/a-framework-for-secure-information-flow-analysis-in-web-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Coordination of Traffic Signals on Arterial Streets in Duhok City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilshad%20Ali%20Mohammed">Dilshad Ali Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Nayef%20Shamsulddin%20Aldoski"> Ziyad Nayef Shamsulddin Aldoski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Millet%20Salim%20Mohammed"> Millet Salim Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in levels of traffic congestion along urban signalized arterials needs efficient traffic management. The application of traffic signal coordination can improve the traffic operation and safety for a series of signalized intersection along the arterials. The objective of this study is to evaluate the benefits achievable through actuated traffic signal coordination and make a comparison in control delay against the same signalized intersection in case of being isolated. To accomplish this purpose, a series of eight signalized intersections located on two major arterials in Duhok City was chosen for conducting the study. Traffic data (traffic volumes, link and approach speeds, and passenger car equivalent) were collected at peak hours. Various methods had been used for collecting data such as video recording technique, moving vehicle method and manual methods. Geometric and signalization data were also collected for the purpose of the study. The coupling index had been calculated to check the coordination attainability, and then time space diagrams were constructed representing one-way coordination for the intersections on Barzani and Zakho Streets, and others represented two-way coordination for the intersections on Zakho Street with accepted progression bandwidth efficiency. The results of this study show great progression bandwidth of 54 seconds for east direction coordination and 17 seconds for west direction coordination on Barzani Street under suggested controlled speed of 60 kph agreeable with the present data. For Zakho Street, the progression bandwidth is 19 seconds for east direction coordination and 18 seconds for west direction coordination under suggested controlled speed of 40 kph. The results show that traffic signal coordination had led to high reduction in intersection control delays on both arterials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title="bandwidth">bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordination" title=" coordination"> coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic" title=" traffic"> traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signals" title=" signals"> signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streets" title=" streets"> streets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78894/coordination-of-traffic-signals-on-arterial-streets-in-duhok-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Religion and Democracy: Assessing Tolerance in the Diversity of Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsi%20Nastiti">Harsi Nastiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidar%20Fikri"> Haidar Fikri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia has been known for its diversity of cultures, ethnics, religions, and races. This diversity signs as the uniqueness of the country, so tolerance becomes vital point here. As a unitary state, tolerance value is established strongly as the foundation of democracy implementation but recently this tolerance condition facing up some problems after regional election. In this case, religion issue takes a main role for the Indonesian political system which is managed into tolerance breaker especially for local democracy. The election of Jakarta’s Governor 2017 can be said as the momentum for the people to rethink the democracy and tolerance meaning. It begins from one of the governor candidates who makes statement about the majority religion and unfortunately the candidate comes from the minority. The statement emerges into a new social movement based on religiosity. Basically, the social movement which is coordinated by Islamic Defender Front (Front Pembela Islam or FPI) and National Movement to Safeguard the Fatwa-Indonesian Ulama Council (GNPF-MUI) want to demand the justice in the name of blasphemy. The action continuously happens in different names (Action 411, 212, etc.). So, this article analyzes the new phenomenon and how does the impact for the tolerance and democracy life in Indonesia. The method is using qualitative method by review of literature and media content analysis. Results show this phenomenon potentially spreading new conflicts far beyond the goal of the action itself; justice. It makes the conflicts more complex after there are actions such as; Parade Kebhinekaan and Aksi Lilin which contrary reacts to the actions before. These actions and reactions rise up the sensitive issues for Indonesia like religions, Pancasila, unity in diversity, ethnics, and races. At the same time raising skepticism; will it be over after the candidate is getting sentenced or becomes the dangerous latent conflict that will threaten tolerance and democracy in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict" title="conflict">conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance "> tolerance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74426/religion-and-democracy-assessing-tolerance-in-the-diversity-of-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Postoperative Budesonide Nasal Irrigation vs Normal Saline Irrigation for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakan%20Hassan%20M.%20Alzahrani">Rakan Hassan M. Alzahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Alzahrani"> Ziyad Alzahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bader%20Bashrahil"> Bader Bashrahil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Elyasi"> Abdulrahman Elyasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20a%20Ghaddaf"> Abdullah a Ghaddaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayan%20Alzahrani"> Rayan Alzahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alkathlan"> Mohammed Alkathlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawaf%20Alghamdi"> Nawaf Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dakheelallah%20Almutairi"> Dakheelallah Almutairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Corticosteroid irrigations, which regularly involve the off-label use of budesonide mixed with normal saline in high volume Sino-nasal irrigations, have been more commonly used in the management of post-operative chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objective: This article attempted to measure the efficacy of post-operative budesonide nasal irrigation compared to normal saline-alone nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: The databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched by two independent authors. Only RCTs comparing budesonide irrigation to normal saline alone irrigation for CRS with or without polyposis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were eligible. A random effect analysis model of the reported CRS-related quality of life (QOL) measures and the objective endoscopic assessment scales of the disease was done. Results: Only 6 RCTs met the eligibility criteria, with a total number of participants of 356. Compared to normal saline irrigation, budesonide nasal irrigation showed statically significant improvements in both the CRS-related quality of life (QOL) and the endoscopic findings (MD= -4.22 confidence interval [CI]: -5.63, -2.82 [P < 0.00001]), (SMD= -0.50 confidence interval [CI]: -0.93, -0.06 [P < 0.03]) respectively. Conclusion: Both intervention arms showed improvements in CRS-related QOL and endoscopic findings in post-FESS chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyposis. However, budesonide irrigation seems to have a slight edge over conventional normal saline irrigation with no reported serious side effects, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budesonide" title="Budesonide">Budesonide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20rhinosinusitis" title=" chronic rhinosinusitis"> chronic rhinosinusitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corticosteroids" title=" corticosteroids"> corticosteroids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasal%20irrigation" title=" nasal irrigation"> nasal irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20saline" title=" normal saline"> normal saline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160956/postoperative-budesonide-nasal-irrigation-vs-normal-saline-irrigation-for-chronic-rhinosinusitis-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Identifying the Challenges of Implementing Nationwide E-Government Services in Underdeveloped Countries: Sudan as a Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdalla%20Khalil%20Mahmoud">Mohamed Abdalla Khalil Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20Haidar%20Suliman"> Omnia Haidar Suliman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information and Communication technologies have revolutionized the way services are developed and offered to customers and have achieved evident success in a variety of vital sectors and widely contributed to the growth and resilience of the economy worldwide. Consequently, governments, especially of developing countries, have turned their attention to examine possible ways to utilize contemporary technology advances to offer essential governmental services to citizens, especially in areas where government agencies are not present. This paper investigates the challenges that impede governments of developing countries to provide basic services to its constituents nationwide. Sudan, as a case study, has taken major steps to provide essential governmental services via electronic channels. However, these services are still not widely used by the citizens, resulting in waste of financial and human resources and efforts that could have been invested more appropriately. This paper examines the challenges that hinder the Sudan’s government in their pursuit of availing its services via electronic channels. Different categories of e-government challenges, such as organizational, technological, social and, demographic, and financial and economic, have been explored in order to pinpoint the major challenges. A structured questionnaire is used to survey the target population of e-government professionals and executives who have direct involvement in the implementation of this nationwide endeavor in Sudan. The survey has successfully identified the main challenges that have high impact on the government’s effort to offer its services via electronic channels, such as Lack of coordination between public and private sectors and Lack of the benefits recognition of the e-government program. The findings of this paper can be used as a solid foundation for improving the way governmental services are offered to citizens in Sudan, resulting in a successful investment of financial and human resources and benefiting the targeted customers of all types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizen" title="citizen">citizen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital" title=" digital"> digital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-channels" title=" e-channels"> e-channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sector" title=" public sector"> public sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudan" title=" Sudan"> Sudan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175018/identifying-the-challenges-of-implementing-nationwide-e-government-services-in-underdeveloped-countries-sudan-as-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Corneal Confocal Microscopy As a Surrogate Marker of Neuronal Pathology In Schizophrenia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20W.%20Woodruff">Peter W. Woodruff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgios%20Ponirakis"> Georgios Ponirakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20Ibrahim"> Reem Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20Ahmed"> Amani Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoda%20Gad"> Hoda Gad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20N.%20Petropoulos"> Ioannis N. Petropoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Khan"> Adnan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Elsotouhy"> Ahmed Elsotouhy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surjith%20Vattoth"> Surjith Vattoth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20K.%20M.%20Alshawwaf"> Mahmoud K. M. Alshawwaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Adil%20Shah%20Khoodoruth"> Mohamed Adil Shah Khoodoruth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwan%20Ramadan"> Marwan Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjushri%20Bhagat"> Anjushri Bhagat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Currie"> James Currie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Mahfoud"> Ziyad Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanadi%20Al%20Hamad"> Hanadi Al Hamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Own"> Ahmed Own</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Haddad"> Peter Haddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Alabdulla"> Majid Alabdulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayaz%20A.%20Malik"> Rayaz A. Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction:- We aimed to test the hypothesis that, using corneal confocal microscopy (a non-invasive method for assessing corneal nerve fibre integrity), patients with schizophrenia would show neuronal abnormalities compared with healthy participants. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental and progressive neurodegenerative disease, for which there are no validated biomarkers. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a non-invasive ophthalmic imaging biomarker that can be used to detect neuronal abnormalities in neuropsychiatric syndromes. Methods:- Patients with schizophrenia (DSM-V criteria) without other causes of peripheral neuropathy and healthy controls underwent CCM, vibration perception threshold (VPT) and sudomotor function testing. The diagnostic accuracy of CCM in distinguishing patients from controls was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characterstics (ROC) curve. Findings:- Participants with schizophrenia (n=17) and controls (n=38) with comparable age (35.7±8.5 vs 35.6±12.2, P=0.96) were recruited. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher body weight (93.9±25.5 vs 77.1±10.1, P=0.02), lower Low Density Lipoproteins (2.6±1.0 vs 3.4±0.7, P=0.02), but comparable systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and High Density Lipoproteins were comparable with control participants. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD, fibers/mm2) (23.5±7.8 vs 35.6±6.5, p<0.0001), branch density (CNBD, branches/mm2) (34.4±26.9 vs 98.1±30.6, p<0.0001), and fiber length (CNFL, mm/mm2) (14.3±4.7 vs 24.2±3.9, p<0.0001) but no difference in VPT (6.1±3.1 vs 4.5±2.8, p=0.12) and electrochemical skin conductance (61.0±24.0 vs 68.9±12.3, p=0.23) compared with controls. The diagnostic accuracy of CNFD, CNBD and CNFL to distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls were, according to the AUC, (95% CI): 87.0% (76.8-98.2), 93.2% (84.2-102.3), 93.2% (84.4-102.1), respectively. Conclusion:- In conclusion, CCM can be used to help identify neuronal changes and has a high diagnostic accuracy to distinguish subjects with schizophrenia from healthy controls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139523/corneal-confocal-microscopy-as-a-surrogate-marker-of-neuronal-pathology-in-schizophrenia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Validation of the Arabic Version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arij%20Yehya">Arij Yehya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhaila%20Ghuloum"> Suhaila Ghuloum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdlmoneim%20Abdulhakam"> Abdlmoneim Abdulhakam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20Al-Mujalli"> Azza Al-Mujalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Opler"> Mark Opler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samer%20Hammoudeh"> Samer Hammoudeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20Hani"> Yahya Hani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sundus%20Mari"> Sundus Mari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20Elsherbiny"> Reem Elsherbiny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Mahfoud"> Ziyad Mahfoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassen%20Al-Amin"> Hassen Al-Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is a valid instrument developed by Kay and colleagues6 to assess symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. It consists of 30 items that factor the symptoms into three subscales: positive, negative and general psychopathology. This scale has been translated and validated in several languages. Objective: This study aims to determine the validity and psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the PANSS. Methods: A standardized translation and cultural adaptation method was adopted. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=98), according to psychiatrist’s diagnosis based on DSM-IV criteria, were recruited from the Psychiatry Department at Rumailah Hospital, Qatar. A first rater confirmed the diagnosis using the Arabic version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 6). A second and independent rater-administered the Arabic version of PANSS. Also, a control group (n=101), with no history of psychiatric disorder was recruited from the family and friends of the patients and from primary health care centers in Qatar. Results: There were more males than females in our sample of patients with schizophrenia (68.9% and 31.6%, respectively). On the other hand, in the control group the number of females outweighed that of males (58.4% and 41.6% respectively). The scale had a good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha 0.91. There was a significant difference between the scores on the three subscales of the PANSS. Patients with schizophrenia scored significantly higher (p<.0001) than the control subjects on subscales for positive symptoms 20.01(SD=7.21) and 7.30(SD=1.38), negative symptoms 18.89(SD=8.88) and 7.37(SD=2.38) and general psychopathology 34.41 (SD=11.56) and 16.93 (SD=3.93), respectively. Factor analysis and ROC curve were carried out to further test the psychometrics of the scale. Conclusions: The Arabic version of PANSS is a reliable and valid tool to assess both positive and negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia in a balanced manner. In addition to providing the Arab population with a standardized tool to monitor symptoms of schizophrenia, this version provides a gateway to compare the prevalence of positive and negative symptoms in the Arab world which can be compared to others done elsewhere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20version" title="Arabic version">Arabic version</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schizophrenia" title=" schizophrenia"> schizophrenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21349/validation-of-the-arabic-version-of-the-positive-and-negative-syndrome-scale-panss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">635</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Navigating Disruption: Key Principles and Innovations in Modern Management for Organizational Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Haidar">Ahmad Haidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper investigates the concept of modern management, concentrating on the development of managerial practices and the adoption of innovative strategies in response to the fast-changing business landscape caused by Artificial Intelligence (AI). The study begins by examining the historical context of management theories, tracing the progression from classical to contemporary models, and identifying key drivers of change. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, this paper provides valuable insights into the principles and practices of modern management, offering a roadmap for organizations aiming to navigate the complexities of the contemporary business world. The paper examines the growing role of digital technology in modern management, focusing on incorporating AI, machine learning, and data analytics to streamline operations and facilitate informed decision-making. Moreover, the research highlights the emergence of new principles, such as adaptability, flexibility, public participation, trust, transparency, and digital mindset, as crucial components of modern management. Also, the role of business leaders is investigated by studying contemporary leadership styles, such as transformational, situational, and servant leadership, emphasizing the significance of emotional intelligence, empathy, and collaboration in fostering a healthy organizational culture. Furthermore, the research delves into the crucial role of environmental sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and corporate digital responsibility (CDR). Organizations strive to balance economic growth with ethical considerations and long-term viability. The primary research question for this study is: "What are the key principles, practices, and innovations that define modern management, and how can organizations effectively implement these strategies to thrive in the rapidly changing business landscape?." The research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of modern management by examining its historical context, the impact of digital technologies, the importance of contemporary leadership styles, and the role of CSR and CDR in today's business landscape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20management" title="modern management">modern management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20technology" title=" digital technology"> digital technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20styles" title=" leadership styles"> leadership styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptability" title=" adaptability"> adaptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title=" corporate social responsibility"> corporate social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20success" title=" organizational success"> organizational success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20digital%20responsibility" title=" corporate digital responsibility"> corporate digital responsibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166419/navigating-disruption-key-principles-and-innovations-in-modern-management-for-organizational-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166419.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Macroeconomic Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Unemployment in Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Haidar">Ahmad Haidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern economic systems are characterized by growing complexity, and addressing their challenges requires innovative approaches. This study examines the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) on unemployment in Europe from a macroeconomic perspective, employing data modeling techniques to understand the relationship between AI integration and labor market dynamics. To understand the AI-unemployment nexus comprehensively, this research considers factors such as sector-specific AI adoption, skill requirements, workforce demographics, and geographical disparities. The study utilizes a panel data model, incorporating data from European countries over the last two decades, to explore the potential short-term and long-term effects of AI implementation on unemployment rates. In addition to investigating the direct impact of AI on unemployment, the study also delves into the potential indirect effects and spillover consequences. It considers how AI-driven productivity improvements and cost reductions might influence economic growth and, in turn, labor market outcomes. Furthermore, it assesses the potential for AI-induced changes in industrial structures to affect job displacement and creation. The research also highlights the importance of policy responses in mitigating potential negative consequences of AI adoption on unemployment. It emphasizes the need for targeted interventions such as skill development programs, labor market regulations, and social safety nets to enable a smooth transition for workers affected by AI-related job displacement. Additionally, the study explores the potential role of AI in informing and transforming policy-making to ensure more effective and agile responses to labor market challenges. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the macroeconomic implications of AI on unemployment in Europe, highlighting the importance of understanding the nuanced relationships between AI adoption, economic growth, and labor market outcomes. By shedding light on these relationships, the study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers, enabling them to make informed decisions in navigating the complex landscape of AI-driven economic transformation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title=" unemployment"> unemployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomic%20analysis" title=" macroeconomic analysis"> macroeconomic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=european%20labor%20market" title=" european labor market"> european labor market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167255/macroeconomic-implications-of-artificial-intelligence-on-unemployment-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Ethical Artificial Intelligence: An Exploratory Study of Guidelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Haidar">Ahmad Haidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology holds unforeseen risks like privacy violation, unemployment, and algorithmic bias, triggering research institutions, governments, and companies to develop principles of AI ethics. The extensive and diverse literature on AI lacks an analysis of the evolution of principles developed in recent years. There are two fundamental purposes of this paper. The first is to provide insights into how the principles of AI ethics have been changed recently, including concepts like risk management and public participation. In doing so, a NOISE (Needs, Opportunities, Improvements, Strengths, & Exceptions) analysis will be presented. Second, offering a framework for building Ethical AI linked to sustainability. This research adopts an explorative approach, more specifically, an inductive approach to address the theoretical gap. Consequently, this paper tracks the different efforts to have “trustworthy AI” and “ethical AI,” concluding a list of 12 documents released from 2017 to 2022. The analysis of this list unifies the different approaches toward trustworthy AI in two steps. First, splitting the principles into two categories, technical and net benefit, and second, testing the frequency of each principle, providing the different technical principles that may be useful for stakeholders considering the lifecycle of AI, or what is known as sustainable AI. Sustainable AI is the third wave of AI ethics and a movement to drive change throughout the entire lifecycle of AI products (i.e., idea generation, training, re-tuning, implementation, and governance) in the direction of greater ecological integrity and social fairness. In this vein, results suggest transparency, privacy, fairness, safety, autonomy, and accountability as recommended technical principles to include in the lifecycle of AI. Another contribution is to capture the different basis that aid the process of AI for sustainability (e.g., towards sustainable development goals). The results indicate data governance, do no harm, human well-being, and risk management as crucial AI for sustainability principles. This study’s last contribution clarifies how the principles evolved. To illustrate, in 2018, the Montreal declaration mentioned eight principles well-being, autonomy, privacy, solidarity, democratic participation, equity, and diversity. In 2021, notions emerged from the European Commission proposal, including public trust, public participation, scientific integrity, risk assessment, flexibility, benefit and cost, and interagency coordination. The study design will strengthen the validity of previous studies. Yet, we advance knowledge in trustworthy AI by considering recent documents, linking principles with sustainable AI and AI for sustainability, and shedding light on the evolution of guidelines over time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20for%20sustainability" title=" AI for sustainability"> AI for sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=declarations" title=" declarations"> declarations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulations" title=" regulations"> regulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risks" title=" risks"> risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20AI" title=" sustainable AI"> sustainable AI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163324/ethical-artificial-intelligence-an-exploratory-study-of-guidelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Medical Dressing Induced Digital Ischemia in Patient with Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulwhab%20Alotaibi">Abdulwhab Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Alzahrani"> Abdullah Alzahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Bokhari"> Ziyad Bokhari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulelah%20Alghamdi"> Abdulelah Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> First described in 1975 by Dr. Miller, Medical dressings are uncommon but possible cause of hand digital ischemia due the tourniquet-like effect. The incident of this complication has been reported across wide range of age-groups, yet it seems like that the pediatric population are specifically vulnerable. Multiple dressing types were reported to have caused ischemic injury, such as elastic wrap, tubular gauze, and self-adherent dressings. We present a case of medical dressing induced digital ischemia in patient with Congenital insensitivity to pain and anhidrosis (CIPA), which further challenge the discovery of the condition. An 8-year-old girl known case of CIPA. Brought by her mother to the ER after nail bed injury, which she managed by application of elastic wrap that was left for 24 hours. When the mother found out she immediately removed the elastic band, and noticed the fingertip was black and cold with tense bullae. The color then changed later when she arrived to the ER to dark purple with bluish discoloration on the tip. On examination there was well demarcated tense bullae on the distal right fifth finger. Neurovascular intact, pulse oximetry on distal digit 100%, capillary refill time was delayed. She was seen under Plastic surgery and conservative management recommended, and patient was discharged with safety netting. Two days later the patient came as follow-up visit at which her condition demonstrated significant improvement, the bullae has since ruptured leaving behind sloughed skin, capillary refill and pulse oximetry were both within normal limits, sensory function couldn’t be assessed but her motor function and ROM were normal, topical bacitracin and bandage dressings were applied for the eroded skin. Patient was scheduled for a follow-up in 2 weeks. Preventatively it’s advisable to avoid the commonly implicated dressings such as elastic, tubular gauze or self-adherent wraps in hand or digital injuries when possible, but in cases where the use of these dressings is of necessity the appropriate precautions must be taken, Dr. Makarewich proposed the following 5 measures to help minimize the incidence of the injury: 1-Unwrapping 12 inches of the dressing before rolling the injured finger. 2-Wrapping from distal to proximal with minimal tension to avoid vascular embarrassment. 3-The use of 5-25 inch to overlap the entire wrap. 4-Maintaining light pressure over the wrap to allow adherence of the dressing. 5-Minimization of the number of layers used to wrap the affected digit. Also assessing the capillary refill after the application can help in determining the patency of the supplying blood vessels. It’s also important to selectively determine if the patient is a candidate for conservative management, as tailored approach can help in maximizing the positive outcomes for our patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congenital%20insensitivity%20to%20pain" title="congenital insensitivity to pain">congenital insensitivity to pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20ischemia" title=" digital ischemia"> digital ischemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20dressing" title=" medical dressing"> medical dressing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservative%20management" title=" conservative management"> conservative management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171931/medical-dressing-induced-digital-ischemia-in-patient-with-congenital-insensitivity-to-pain-and-anhidrosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Study of Biomechanical Model for Smart Sensor Based Prosthetic Socket Design System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Xu">Wei Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdo%20S.%20Haidar"> Abdo S. Haidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianxin%20Gao"> Jianxin Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prosthetic socket is a component that connects the residual limb of an amputee with an artificial prosthesis. It is widely recognized as the most critical component that determines the comfort of a patient when wearing the prosthesis in his/her daily activities. Through the socket, the body weight and its associated dynamic load are distributed and transmitted to the prosthesis during walking, running or climbing. In order to achieve a good-fit socket for an individual amputee, it is essential to obtain the biomechanical properties of the residual limb. In current clinical practices, this is achieved by a touch-and-feel approach which is highly subjective. Although there have been significant advancements in prosthetic technologies such as microprocessor controlled knee and ankle joints in the last decade, the progress in designing a comfortable socket has been rather limited. This means that the current process of socket design is still very time-consuming, and highly dependent on the expertise of the prosthetist. Supported by the state-of-the-art sensor technologies and numerical simulations, a new socket design system is being developed to help prosthetists achieve rapid design of comfortable sockets for above knee amputees. This paper reports the research work related to establishing biomechanical models for socket design. Through numerical simulation using finite element method, comprehensive relationships between pressure on residual limb and socket geometry were established. This allowed local topological adjustment for the socket so as to optimize the pressure distributions across the residual limb. When the full body weight of a patient is exerted on the residual limb, high pressures and shear forces between the residual limb and the socket occur. During numerical simulations, various hyperplastic models, namely Ogden, Yeoh and Mooney-Rivlin, were used, and their effectiveness in representing the biomechanical properties of soft tissues of the residual limb was evaluated. This also involved reverse engineering, which resulted in an optimal representative model under compression test. To validate the simulation results, a range of silicone models were fabricated. They were tested by an indentation device which yielded the force-displacement relationships. Comparisons of results obtained from FEA simulations and experimental tests showed that the Ogden model did not fit well the soft tissue material indentation data, while the Yeoh model gave the best representation of the soft tissue mechanical behavior under indentation. Compared with hyperplastic model, the result showed that elastic model also had significant errors. In addition, normal and shear stress distributions on the surface of the soft tissue model were obtained. The effect of friction in compression testing and the influence of soft tissue stiffness and testing boundary conditions were also analyzed. All these have contributed to the overall goal of designing a good-fit socket for individual above knee amputees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=above%20knee%20amputee" title="above knee amputee">above knee amputee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20simulation" title=" finite element simulation"> finite element simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperplastic%20model" title=" hyperplastic model"> hyperplastic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosthetic%20socket" title=" prosthetic socket"> prosthetic socket</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75097/study-of-biomechanical-model-for-smart-sensor-based-prosthetic-socket-design-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Exploring the Dose-Response Association of Lifestyle Behaviors and Mental Health among High School Students in the US: A Secondary Analysis of 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Layla%20Haidar">Layla Haidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shari%20Esquenazi-Karonika"> Shari Esquenazi-Karonika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Mental health includes one’s emotional, psychological, and interpersonal well-being; it ranges from “good” to “poor” on a continuum. At the individual-level, it affects how a person thinks, feels, and acts. Moreover, it determines how they cope with stress, relate to others, and interface with their surroundings. Research has yielded that mental health is directly related with short- and long-term physical health (including chronic disease), health risk behaviors, education-level, employment, and social relationships. As is the case with physical conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, mitigating the behavioral and genetic risks of debilitating mental health conditions like anxiety and depression can nurture a healthier quality of mental health throughout one’s life. In order to maximize the benefits of prevention, it is important to identify modifiable risks and develop protective habits earlier in life. Methods: The Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES) dataset was used for this study. The ABES survey was administered to high school students (9th-12th grade) during January 2021- June 2021 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The data was analyzed to identify any associations between feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or increased suicidality among high school students with relation to their participation on one or more sports teams and their average daily consumed screen time. Data was analyzed using descriptive and multivariable analytic techniques. A multinomial logistic regression of each variable was conducted to examine if there was an association, while controlling for grade-level, sex, and race. Results: The findings from this study are insightful for administrators and policymakers who wish to address mounting concerns related to student mental health. The study revealed that compared to a student who participated on zero sports teams, students who participated in 1 or more sports teams showed a significantly increased risk of depression (p<0.05). Conversely, the rate of depression in students was significantly less in those who consumed 5 or more hours of screen time per day, compared to those who consumed less than 1 hour per day of screen time (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings are informative and highlight the importance of understanding the nuances of student participation on sports teams (e.g., physical exertion, social dynamics of team, and the level of competitiveness within the sport). Likewise, the context of an individual’s screen time (e.g., social media, engaging in team-based video games, or watching television) can inform parental or school-based policies about screen time activity. Although physical activity has been proven to be important for emotional and physical well-being of youth, playing on multiple teams could have negative consequences on the emotional state of high school students potentially due to fatigue, overtraining, and injuries. Existing literature has highlighted the negative effects of screen time; however, further research needs to consider the type of screen-based consumption to better understand its effects on mental health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20science" title="behavioral science">behavioral science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160208/exploring-the-dose-response-association-of-lifestyle-behaviors-and-mental-health-among-high-school-students-in-the-us-a-secondary-analysis-of-2021-adolescent-behaviors-and-experiences-survey-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> SockGEL/PLUG: Injectable Nano-Scaled Hydrogel Platforms for Oral and Maxillofacial Interventional Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20S.%20Haidar">Z. S. Haidar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Millions of teeth are removed annually, and dental extraction is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures globally. Whether due to caries, periodontal disease, or trauma, exodontia and the ensuing wound healing and bone remodeling processes of the resultant socket (hole in the jaw bone) usually result in serious deformities of the residual alveolar osseous ridge and surrounding soft tissues (reduced height/width). Such voluminous changes render the placement of a proper conventional bridge, denture, or even an implant-supported prosthesis extremely challenging. Further, most extractions continue to be performed with no regard for preventing the onset of alveolar osteitis (also known as dry socket, a painful and difficult-to-treat/-manage condition post-exodontia). Hence, such serious resorptive morphological changes often result in significant facial deformities and a negative impact on the overall Quality of Life (QoL) of patients (and oral health-related QoL); alarming, particularly for the geriatric with compromised healing and in light of the thriving longevity statistics. Despite advances in tissue/wound grafting, serious limitations continue to exist, including efficacy and clinical outcome predictability, cost, treatment time, expertise, and risk of immune reactions. For cases of dry socket, specifically, the commercially available and often-prescribed home remedies are highly-lacking. Indeed, most are not recommended for use anymore. Alveogyl is a fine example. Hence, there is a great market demand and need for alternative solutions. Herein, SockGEL/PLUG (patent pending), an innovative, all-natural, drug-free, and injectable thermo-responsive hydrogel, was designed, formulated, characterized, and evaluated as an osteogenic, angiogenic, anti-microbial, and pain-soothing suture-free intra-alveolar dressing, safe and efficacious for use in fresh extraction sockets, immediately post-exodontia. It is composed of FDA-approved, biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, self-assembled electro-statically to formulate a scaffolding matrix to (1) prevent the on-set of alveolar osteitis via securing the fibrin-clot in situ and protecting/sealing the socket from contamination/infection; and (2) endogenously promote/accelerate wound healing and bone remodeling to preserve the volume of the alveolus. The intrinsic properties of the SockGEL/PLUG hydrogel were evaluated physical-chemical-mechanically for safety (cell viability), viscosity, rheology, bio-distribution, and essentially, capacity to induce wound healing and osteogenesis (small defect, in vivo) without any signaling cues from exogenous cells, growth factors or drugs. The proposed animal model of cranial critical-sized and non-vascularized bone defects shall provide new and critical insights into the role and mechanism of the employed natural bio-polymer blend and gel product in endogenous reparative regeneration of soft tissues and bone morphogenesis. Alongside, the fine-tuning of our modified formulation method will further tackle appropriateness, reproducibility, scalability, ease, and speed in producing stable, biodegradable, and sterilizable thermo-sensitive matrices (3-dimensional interpenetrating yet porous polymeric network) suitable for the intra-socket application. Findings are anticipated to provide sufficient evidence to translate into pilot clinical trials and validate the innovation before engaging the market for feasibility, acceptance, and cost-effectiveness studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title="hydrogel">hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioengineering" title=" bioengineering"> bioengineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20regeneration" title=" bone regeneration"> bone regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanogel" title=" nanogel"> nanogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a> </p> <a 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