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Because parasites and pathogens tend to have shorter generation times 1,2 and often experience stronger selection due to interaction than their victims do 3,4 , it is frequently argued that they should evolve more rapidly and thus maintain an advantage in the evolutionary race between defence and counter-defence 1,5 . This prediction generates an apparent paradox: how do victim species survive and even thrive in the face of a continuous onslaught of more rapidly evolving enemies 5 ? One potential explanation is that defence is physiologically, mechanically or behaviourally easier than attack, so that evolution is less constrained for victims than for parasites or pathogens 6 . Another possible explanation is that parasites and pathogens have enemies themselves and that victim species persist because parasites and pathogens are regulated from the top down and thus generally have only modest demographic impacts on victim populations 7,8 . Here we explore a third possibility: that victim species are not as evolutionarily impotent as conventional wisdom holds, but instead have unique evolutionary advantages that help to level the playing field. We use quantitative genetic analysis and individual-based simulations to show that victims can achieve such an advantage when coevolution involves multiple traits in both the host and the parasite.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"32979725"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Coevolution in multidimensional trait space favours escape from parasites and pathogens","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [9089631]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":32979725,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Coevolution in multidimensional trait space favours escape from parasites and pathogens”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/32979725/mini_magick20190407-7702-r7ca11.png?1554654400" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Coevolution in multidimensional trait space favours escape from parasites and pathogens</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9089631" href="https://fcu.academia.edu/TonyJhwueng"><img alt="Profile image of Dwueng-Chwuan Jhwueng" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/9089631/2947305/39353448/s65_tony.jhwueng.jpeg" />Dwueng-Chwuan Jhwueng</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">42 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 6048961; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=6048961"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Almost all species are subject to continuous attack by parasites and pathogens. Because parasites and pathogens tend to have shorter generation times 1,2 and often experience stronger selection due to interaction than their victims do 3,4 , it is frequently argued that they should evolve more rapidly and thus maintain an advantage in the evolutionary race between defence and counter-defence 1,5 . This prediction generates an apparent paradox: how do victim species survive and even thrive in the face of a continuous onslaught of more rapidly evolving enemies 5 ? One potential explanation is that defence is physiologically, mechanically or behaviourally easier than attack, so that evolution is less constrained for victims than for parasites or pathogens 6 . Another possible explanation is that parasites and pathogens have enemies themselves and that victim species persist because parasites and pathogens are regulated from the top down and thus generally have only modest demographic impacts on victim populations 7,8 . Here we explore a third possibility: that victim species are not as evolutionarily impotent as conventional wisdom holds, but instead have unique evolutionary advantages that help to level the playing field. We use quantitative genetic analysis and individual-based simulations to show that victims can achieve such an advantage when coevolution involves multiple traits in both the host and the parasite.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><div class="primary-buttons "><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":32979725,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/6048961/Coevolution_in_multidimensional_trait_space_favours_escape_from_parasites_and_pathogens"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span>See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":32979725,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/6048961/Coevolution_in_multidimensional_trait_space_favours_escape_from_parasites_and_pathogens"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="6048961" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Previous efforts to understand and predict the coevolutionary dynamics of these interactions have generally assumed that standing genetic variation is fixed or absent altogether. We develop a genetically explicit model of coevolution that bridges the gap between these approaches by allowing genetic variation itself to evolve. Analysis of this model shows that the evolution of genetic variance has important consequences for the dynamics and outcome of coevolution. Of particular importance is our demonstration that coevolutionary cycles can emerge in the absence of stabilizing selection, an outcome not possible in previous models of coevolution mediated by quantitative traits. Whether coevolutionary cycles evolve depends upon the strength of selection, the number of loci, and the rate of mutation in each of the interacting species. Our results also generate novel predictions for the expected sign and magnitude of linkage disequilibria in each species.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Coevolutionary Dynamics of Antagonistic Interactions Mediated by Quantitative Traits with Evolving Variances","attachmentId":104310570,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104633989/The_Coevolutionary_Dynamics_of_Antagonistic_Interactions_Mediated_by_Quantitative_Traits_with_Evolving_Variances","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104633989/The_Coevolutionary_Dynamics_of_Antagonistic_Interactions_Mediated_by_Quantitative_Traits_with_Evolving_Variances"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="1088810" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1088810/Arms_Race_Coevolution_The_Local_and_Geographical_Structure_of_a_Host_Parasite_Interaction">Arms Race Coevolution: The Local and Geographical Structure of a Host-Parasite Interaction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="943407" href="https://uchile.academia.edu/rodrigomedelacademiaedu">Rodrigo Medel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution: Education and Outreach, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Consideration of complex geographic patterns of mreciprocal adaptation has provided insight into new features of the coevolutionary process. In this paper, we provide mecological, historical, and geographical evidence for coevolution under complex temporal and spatial scenarios that include intermittent selection, species turnover across localities, and a range of trait match/mismatch across populations. Our study focuses on a plant host–parasitic plant interaction endemic to arid and semiarid regions of Chile. The long spines of Chilean cacti have been suggested to evolve under parasite-mediated selection as a first line of defense against the mistletoe Tristerix aphyllus. The mistletoe, in turn, has evolved an extremely long morphological structure that emerges from the seed endosperm (radicle) to reach the host cuticle. When spine length was traced along cactus phylogenies, a significant association between spine length and parasitism was detected, indicating that defensive traits evolved in high correspondence with the presence or absence of parasitism in two cactus lineages. Assessment of spine-radicle matching across populations revealed a potential for coevolution in 50% of interaction pairs. Interestingly, hot spots for coevolution did not distribute at random across sites. On the contrary, interaction pairs showing high matching values occur mostly in the northern distribution of the interaction, suggesting a geographical structure for coevolution in this system. Only three sampled interaction pairs were so mismatched that reciprocal selection could not occur given current trait distributions. Overall, different lines of evidence indicate that arms-race coevolution is an ongoing phenomenon that occurs in the global system of interconnected populations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Arms Race Coevolution: The Local and Geographical Structure of a Host-Parasite Interaction","attachmentId":6702539,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1088810/Arms_Race_Coevolution_The_Local_and_Geographical_Structure_of_a_Host_Parasite_Interaction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1088810/Arms_Race_Coevolution_The_Local_and_Geographical_Structure_of_a_Host_Parasite_Interaction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="117622831" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117622831/Direct_and_Correlated_Responses_to_Selection_in_a_Host_Parasite_System_Testing_for_the_Emergence_of_Genotype_Specificity">Direct and Correlated Responses to Selection in a Host-Parasite System: Testing for the Emergence of Genotype Specificity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="291404642" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhookanArundhati">Arundhati Phookan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Genotype × environment interactions can facilitate coexistence of locally adapted specialists. Interactions evolve if adaptation to one environment trades off with performance in others. We investigated whether evolution on one host genotype traded off with performance on others in long-term experimental populations of different genotypes of the protozoan Paramecium caudatum, infected with the bacterial parasite Holospora undulata. A total of nine parasite selection lines evolving on three host genotypes and the ancestral parasite were tested in a cross-infection experiment. We found that evolved parasites produced more infections than did the ancestral parasites, both on host genotypes they had evolved on (positive direct response to selection) and on genotypes they had not evolved on (positive correlated response to selection). On two host genotypes, a negative relationship between direct and correlated responses indicated pleiotropic costs of adaptation. On the third, a positive relationship suggested cost-free adaptation. Nonetheless, on all three hosts, resident parasites tended to be superior to the average nonresident parasite. Thus genotype specificity (i.e., patterns of local adaptation) may evolve without costs of adaptation, as long as direct responses to selection exceed correlated responses.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Direct and Correlated Responses to Selection in a Host-Parasite System: Testing for the Emergence of Genotype Specificity","attachmentId":113431257,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117622831/Direct_and_Correlated_Responses_to_Selection_in_a_Host_Parasite_System_Testing_for_the_Emergence_of_Genotype_Specificity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117622831/Direct_and_Correlated_Responses_to_Selection_in_a_Host_Parasite_System_Testing_for_the_Emergence_of_Genotype_Specificity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="80405312" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80405312/Evolution_as_a_Coexistence_Mechanism_Does_Genetic_Architecture_Matter">Evolution as a Coexistence Mechanism: Does Genetic Architecture Matter?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32506300" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/SebastianSchreiber">Sebastian Schreiber</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American Naturalist, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Species sharing a prey species or a predator species may be driven extinct due to the negative indirect effects of exploitative or apparent competition. Evolution of these species on short time scales may influence ecological dynamics, creating an eco-evolutionary feedback that can affect species coexistence. Using mathematical models, we examined whether these feedbacks act as a coexistence mechanism and to what extent the answer depends on the genetic architecture underlying the evolving traits. Our models consider two ecological modules in which either two predators share one prey species (exploitative competition) or one predator species exploits two prey (apparent competition). The shared species evolves defense in the exploitative competition module and evolves prey use in the apparent competition module.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution as a Coexistence Mechanism: Does Genetic Architecture Matter?","attachmentId":86797923,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80405312/Evolution_as_a_Coexistence_Mechanism_Does_Genetic_Architecture_Matter","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80405312/Evolution_as_a_Coexistence_Mechanism_Does_Genetic_Architecture_Matter"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="23692975" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23692975/Availability_of_prey_resources_drives_evolution_of_predator_prey_interaction">Availability of prey resources drives evolution of predator-prey interaction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45770196" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JLaakso">Jouni Laakso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Productivity is predicted to drive the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of predator-prey interaction through changes in resource allocation between different traits. Here we report results of an evolutionary experiment where prey bacteria Serratia marcescens was exposed to predatory protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila in low-and high-resource environments for approximately 2400 prey generations. Predation generally increased prey allocation to defence and caused prey selection lines to become more diverse. On average, prey became most defensive in the high-resource environment and suffered from reduced resource use ability more in the low-resource environment. As a result, the evolution of stronger prey defence in the high-resource environment led to a strong decrease in predator-to-prey ratio. Predation increased temporal variability of populations and traits of prey. However, this destabilizing effect was less pronounced in the high-resource environment. Our results demonstrate that prey resource availability can shape the trade-off allocation of prey traits, which in turn affects multiple properties of the evolving predator-prey system.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Availability of prey resources drives evolution of predator-prey interaction","attachmentId":44099469,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23692975/Availability_of_prey_resources_drives_evolution_of_predator_prey_interaction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23692975/Availability_of_prey_resources_drives_evolution_of_predator_prey_interaction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="56111505" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56111505/Stochasticity_in_the_Parasite_Driven_Trait_Evolution_of_Competing_Species_Masks_the_Distinctive_Consequences_of_Distance_Metrics">Stochasticity in the Parasite-Driven Trait Evolution of Competing Species Masks the Distinctive Consequences of Distance Metrics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="120237517" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GenaroACuaresma">Genaro A. Cuaresma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Processes, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Various distance metrics and their induced norms are employed in the quantitative modeling of evolutionary dynamics. Minimization of these distance metrics, when applied to evolutionary optimization, are hypothesized to result in different outcomes. Here, we apply the different distance metrics to the evolutionary trait dynamics brought about by the interaction between two competing species infected by parasites (exploiters). We present deterministic cases showing the distinctive selection outcomes under the Manhattan, Euclidean, and Chebyshev norms. Specifically, we show how they differ in the time of convergence to the desired optima (e.g., no disease), and in the egalitarian sharing of carrying capacity between the competing species. However, when randomness is introduced to the population dynamics of parasites and to the trait dynamics of the competing species, the distinctive characteristics of the outcomes under the three norms become indistinguishable. Our results provide theoretical cases of when evolutionary dynamics using different distance metrics exhibit similar outcomes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Stochasticity in the Parasite-Driven Trait Evolution of Competing Species Masks the Distinctive Consequences of Distance Metrics","attachmentId":71658367,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56111505/Stochasticity_in_the_Parasite_Driven_Trait_Evolution_of_Competing_Species_Masks_the_Distinctive_Consequences_of_Distance_Metrics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56111505/Stochasticity_in_the_Parasite_Driven_Trait_Evolution_of_Competing_Species_Masks_the_Distinctive_Consequences_of_Distance_Metrics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="5525947" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5525947/Coevolutionary_interactions_in_a_host_parasite_system">Coevolutionary interactions in a host-parasite system</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7818559" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MSOLER">MANUEL SOLER</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ecology Letters, 2001</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Interactions between parasitic cuckoos and their hosts represent a classic example of coevolution, where adaptations in the parasite to exploit the host select for defences, which in turn select for new parasite adaptations. Current interactions between the two parties may be at an evolutionary equilibrium or, alternatively, a coevolutionary arms race may be taking place. By taking into account the effect of gene¯ow in 15 European magpie (Pica pica) populations, we studied the coevolutionary interactions with its brood parasite, the great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius). Our results suggest that, in Europe, magpies and cuckoos are engaged in an ongoing coevolutionary process because, despite controlling for the large amounts of gene¯ow among different magpie populations, we still found a positive relationship between host defence (i.e. foreign egg recognition and rejection) and parasite selection pressure.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Coevolutionary interactions in a host-parasite system","attachmentId":49258108,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5525947/Coevolutionary_interactions_in_a_host_parasite_system","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5525947/Coevolutionary_interactions_in_a_host_parasite_system"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="48194536" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48194536/Phenotypic_Mismatches_Reveal_Escape_from_Arms_Race_Coevolution">Phenotypic Mismatches Reveal Escape from Arms-Race Coevolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33830999" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdmundBrodie">Edmund Brodie</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS Biology, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Because coevolution takes place across a broad scale of time and space, it is virtually impossible to understand its dynamics and trajectories by studying a single pair of interacting populations at one time. Comparing populations across a range of an interaction, especially for long-lived species, can provide insight into these features of coevolution by sampling across a diverse set of conditions and histories. We used measures of prey traits (tetrodotoxin toxicity in newts) and predator traits (tetrodotoxin resistance of snakes) to assess the degree of phenotypic mismatch across the range of their coevolutionary interaction. Geographic patterns of phenotypic exaggeration were similar in prey and predators, with most phenotypically elevated localities occurring along the central Oregon coast and central California. Contrary to expectations, however, these areas of elevated traits did not coincide with the most intense coevolutionary selection. Measures of functional trait mismatch revealed that over one-third of sampled localities were so mismatched that reciprocal selection could not occur given current trait distributions. Estimates of current locality-specific interaction selection gradients confirmed this interpretation. In every case of mismatch, predators were ''ahead'' of prey in the arms race; the converse escape of prey was never observed. The emergent pattern suggests a dynamic in which interacting species experience reciprocal selection that drives arms-race escalation of both prey and predator phenotypes at a subset of localities across the interaction. This coadaptation proceeds until the evolution of extreme phenotypes by predators, through genes of large effect, allows snakes to, at least temporarily, escape the arms race.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Phenotypic Mismatches Reveal Escape from Arms-Race Coevolution","attachmentId":66933774,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48194536/Phenotypic_Mismatches_Reveal_Escape_from_Arms_Race_Coevolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48194536/Phenotypic_Mismatches_Reveal_Escape_from_Arms_Race_Coevolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="12031887" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12031887/DO_TRADE_OFFS_HAVE_EXPLANATORY_POWER_FOR_THE_EVOLUTION_OF_ORGANISMAL_INTERACTIONS">DO TRADE��OFFS HAVE EXPLANATORY POWER FOR THE EVOLUTION OF ORGANISMAL INTERACTIONS?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29976784" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnVincent8">John Vincent</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The concept of a trade-off has long played a prominent role in understanding the evolution of organismal interactions such as mutualism, parasitism, and competition. Given the complexity inherent to interactions between different evolutionary entities, ecological factors may especially limit the power of trade-off models to predict evolutionary change. Here, we use four case studies to examine the importance of ecological context for the study of trade-offs in organismal interactions: (1) resource-based mutualisms, (2) parasite transmission and virulence, (3) plant biological invasions, and (4) host range evolution in parasites and parasitoids. In the first two case studies, mechanistic trade-off models have long provided a strong theoretical framework but face the challenge of testing assumptions under ecologically realistic conditions. Work under the second two case studies often has a strong ecological grounding, but faces challenges in identifying or quantifying the underlying genetic mechanism of the trade-off.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DO TRADE��OFFS HAVE EXPLANATORY POWER FOR THE EVOLUTION OF ORGANISMAL INTERACTIONS?","attachmentId":46397498,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12031887/DO_TRADE_OFFS_HAVE_EXPLANATORY_POWER_FOR_THE_EVOLUTION_OF_ORGANISMAL_INTERACTIONS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12031887/DO_TRADE_OFFS_HAVE_EXPLANATORY_POWER_FOR_THE_EVOLUTION_OF_ORGANISMAL_INTERACTIONS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="61405477" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61405477/Inferring_the_Effect_of_Species_Interactions_on_Trait_Evolution">Inferring the Effect of Species Interactions on Trait Evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36449466" href="https://rug.academia.edu/HannoHildenbrandt">Hanno Hildenbrandt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Systematic Biology</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Models of trait evolution form an important part of macroevolutionary biology. The Brownian motion model and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models have become classic (null) models of character evolution, in which species evolve independently. Recently, models incorporating species interactions have been developed, particularly involving competition where abiotic factors pull species toward an optimal trait value and competitive interactions drive the trait values apart. However, these models assume a fitness function rather than derive it from population dynamics and they do not consider dynamics of the trait variance. Here, we develop a general coherent trait evolution framework where the fitness function is based on a model of population dynamics, and therefore it can, in principle, accommodate any type of species interaction. We illustrate our framework with a model of abundance-dependent competitive interactions against a macroevolutionary background encoded in a phylogenetic tree. We deve...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Inferring the Effect of Species Interactions on Trait Evolution","attachmentId":74445117,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/61405477/Inferring_the_Effect_of_Species_Interactions_on_Trait_Evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/61405477/Inferring_the_Effect_of_Species_Interactions_on_Trait_Evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":32979725,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":32979725,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_32979725" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="29160998" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29160998/Population_mixing_promotes_arms_race_host_parasite_coevolution">Population mixing promotes arms race host-parasite coevolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54561637" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PedroSebastianGomez">Pedro Sebastian Gomez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings. 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="29655022" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29655022/The_mode_of_host_parasite_interaction_shapes_coevolutionary_dynamics_and_the_fate_of_host_cooperation">The mode of host-parasite interaction shapes coevolutionary dynamics and the fate of host cooperation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56006286" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamBrown64">Sam Brown</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The mode of host-parasite interaction shapes coevolutionary dynamics and the fate of host cooperation","attachmentId":50090106,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29655022/The_mode_of_host_parasite_interaction_shapes_coevolutionary_dynamics_and_the_fate_of_host_cooperation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29655022/The_mode_of_host_parasite_interaction_shapes_coevolutionary_dynamics_and_the_fate_of_host_cooperation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="105264840" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105264840/Co_Evolutionary_Dynamics_of_a_Social_Parasite_Host_Interaction_Model_Obligate_Versus_Facultative_Social_Parasitism">Co-Evolutionary Dynamics of a Social Parasite-Host Interaction Model: Obligate Versus Facultative Social Parasitism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32321697" href="https://asu.academia.edu/JenniferFewell">Jennifer Fewell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Natural Resource Modeling, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Co-Evolutionary Dynamics of a Social Parasite-Host Interaction Model: Obligate Versus Facultative Social Parasitism","attachmentId":104766790,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105264840/Co_Evolutionary_Dynamics_of_a_Social_Parasite_Host_Interaction_Model_Obligate_Versus_Facultative_Social_Parasitism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105264840/Co_Evolutionary_Dynamics_of_a_Social_Parasite_Host_Interaction_Model_Obligate_Versus_Facultative_Social_Parasitism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="27351477" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27351477/Parasitism_and_constitutive_defence_costs_to_host_life_history_traits_in_a_parasitoid_host_interaction">Parasitism and constitutive defence costs to host life‐history traits in a parasitoid–host interaction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51466338" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeromeNiogret">Jerome Niogret</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ecological Entomology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Parasitism and constitutive defence costs to host life‐history traits in a parasitoid–host interaction","attachmentId":47606229,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27351477/Parasitism_and_constitutive_defence_costs_to_host_life_history_traits_in_a_parasitoid_host_interaction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27351477/Parasitism_and_constitutive_defence_costs_to_host_life_history_traits_in_a_parasitoid_host_interaction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="14203082" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14203082/ECOLOGICAL_CONDITIONS_AFFECT_EVOLUTIONARY_TRAJECTORY_IN_A_PREDATOR_PREY_SYSTEM">ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AFFECT EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORY IN A PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33189624" href="https://univ-paris6.academia.edu/RomainGallet">Romain Gallet</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AFFECT EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORY IN A PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM","attachmentId":44472634,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14203082/ECOLOGICAL_CONDITIONS_AFFECT_EVOLUTIONARY_TRAJECTORY_IN_A_PREDATOR_PREY_SYSTEM","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14203082/ECOLOGICAL_CONDITIONS_AFFECT_EVOLUTIONARY_TRAJECTORY_IN_A_PREDATOR_PREY_SYSTEM"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="53631807" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53631807/Shared_Control_of_Epidemiological_Traits_in_a_Coevolutionary_Model_of_Host_Parasite_Interactions">Shared Control of Epidemiological Traits in a Coevolutionary Model of Host‐Parasite Interactions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3764553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JacobKoella">Jacob Koella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American Naturalist, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Shared Control of Epidemiological Traits in a Coevolutionary Model of Host‐Parasite 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