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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="background:white; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="55%" style="vertical-align:top; padding: 0; margin:0;"> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="The_1980s_portal" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><big>The 1980s portal</big></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F5;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a></b> (pronounced "nineteen-eighties", shortened to "<b>the '80s</b>" or "<b>the Eighties</b>") was the decade that began on January 1, 1980, and ended on December 31, 1989. </p><p>The decade saw a dominance of <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> economics, and a socioeconomic change due to advances in technology and a worldwide move away from <a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">planned economies</a> and towards <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Capitalism" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire capitalism</a> compared to the 1970s. As economic deconstruction increased in the developed world, multiple <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Multinational corporations">multinational corporations</a> associated with the manufacturing industry relocated into <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, Mexico, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and China. Japan and <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> saw large economic growth during this decade. The <a href="/wiki/AIDS_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS epidemic">AIDS epidemic</a> became recognized in the 1980s and has since killed an estimated 40.4 million people (as of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1980s&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>). <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Global warming</a> theory began to spread within the scientific and political community in the 1980s. </p><p>The United Kingdom and the United States moved closer to <a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">supply-side economic policies</a>, beginning a trend towards global instability of international trade that would pick up more steam in the <a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">following decade</a> as the fall of the USSR made <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a> economic policy more powerful. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1979%E2%80%931985)" title="Cold War (1979–1985)">final decade of the Cold War opened</a> with the US-Soviet confrontation continuing largely without any interruption. Superpower tensions escalated rapidly as President Reagan scrapped the policy of détente and adopted a new, much more aggressive stance on the Soviet Union. The world came perilously close to nuclear war for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> in 1962, but <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">the second half of the decade</a> saw a dramatic easing of superpower tensions and ultimately the total collapse of Soviet communism. </p><p>Developing countries across the world faced economic and social difficulties as they suffered from multiple debt crises in the 1980s, requiring many of these countries to apply for financial assistance from the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF) and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> witnessed <a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%931985_famine_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="1984–1985 famine in Ethiopia">widespread famine in the mid-1980s</a> during the corrupt rule of <a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a>, resulting in the country having to depend on foreign aid to provide food to its population and worldwide efforts to address and raise money to help Ethiopians, such as the <a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a> concert in 1985. </p><p>Major civil discontent and violence occurred, including the <a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Laos" title="Insurgency in Laos">insurgency in Laos</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">1982 Lebanon War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> became a powerful political force in the 1980s and many <a href="/wiki/Jihadist" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadist">jihadist</a> organizations, including <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">Al Qaeda</a>, were set up. </p><p>By 1986, nationalism was making a comeback in the Eastern Bloc, and the desire for democracy in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist states</a>, combined with economic recession, resulted in <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">glasnost</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a>, which reduced Communist Party power, legalized dissent and sanctioned limited forms of capitalism such as <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint ventures</a> with companies from <a href="/wiki/Capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalist">capitalist</a> countries. After tension for most of the decade, by 1988 relations between the communist and capitalist blocs had improved significantly and the Soviet Union was increasingly unwilling to defend its governments in satellite states. </p><p>1989 brought the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">overthrow and attempted overthrow</a> of a number of governments led by communist parties, such as in <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Hungary">Hungary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">Tiananmen Square protests of 1989</a> in China, the <a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Czechoslovak "Velvet Revolution"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a>'s East German regime, Poland's Soviet-backed government, and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">the violent overthrow</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a> regime in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romania</a>. Destruction of the 155-km <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>, at the end of the decade, signaled a seismic geopolitical shift. The <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> ended in the early 1990s with the successful <a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification of Germany">Reunification of Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">USSR's demise</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">August Coup</a> of 1991. </p><p>The 1980s was an era of tremendous population growth around the world, surpassing the 1970s and 1990s, and arguably being the largest in human history. During the 1980s, the world population grew from 4.4 to 5.3 billion people. There were approximately 1.33 billion births and 480 million deaths. Population growth was particularly rapid in a number of African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian countries during this decade, with rates of natural increase close to or exceeding 4% annually. The 1980s saw the advent of the ongoing practice of <a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">sex-selective abortion</a> in China and India as <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a> technology permitted parents to selectively abort baby girls. </p><p>The 1980s saw great advances in genetic and digital technology. After years of animal experimentation since 1985, the first genetic modification of 10 adult human beings took place in May 1989, a <a href="/wiki/Gene_tagging" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene tagging">gene tagging</a> experiment which led to the first true gene therapy implementation in September 1990. The first "<a href="/wiki/Designer_babies" class="mw-redirect" title="Designer babies">designer babies</a>", a pair of female twins, were created in a laboratory in late 1989 and born in July 1990 after being sex-selected via the controversial <a href="/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Assisted reproductive technology">assisted reproductive technology</a> procedure <a href="/wiki/Preimplantation_genetic_diagnosis" title="Preimplantation genetic diagnosis">preimplantation genetic diagnosis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gestational_surrogacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestational surrogacy">Gestational surrogacy</a> was first performed in 1985 with the first birth in 1986, making it possible for a woman to become a biological mother without experiencing pregnancy for the first time in history. </p><p>The global <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> took shape in academia by the second half of the 1980s, as well as many other <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networks</a> of both academic and commercial use such as <a href="/wiki/USENET" class="mw-redirect" title="USENET">USENET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fidonet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidonet">Fidonet</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">bulletin board system</a>. By 1989, the Internet and the networks linked to it were a global system with extensive transoceanic satellite links and nodes in most <a href="/wiki/Developed_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed countries">developed countries</a>. Based on earlier work, from 1980 onwards <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> formalized the concept of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> by 1989. <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a> viewing became commonplace in the <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a>, with the number of TV sets in China and India increasing by 15 and 10 times respectively. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari Video Computer System</a> console became widespread in the first part of the decade, often simply called "Atari". The 1980 Atari VCS port of <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a></i> was its first <a href="/wiki/Killer_application" title="Killer application">killer app</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a> ended the system's popularity and decimated the industry until the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> re-established the console market in North America. The hand-held <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a> launched in 1989. <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_Bros." title="Super Mario Bros.">Super Mario Bros.</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris">Tetris</a></i> were the decade's best selling games. <i><a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a></i> was the highest grossing arcade game. <a href="/wiki/Home_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Home computers">Home computers</a> became commonplace. The 1981 <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a> led to a large market for <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibles</a>. The 1984 release of the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a> popularized the <a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a> style of interaction. (<b><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first Space Shuttle, Columbia, lifts off in 1981"><img alt="The first Space Shuttle, Columbia, lifts off in 1981" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/180px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/270px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/360px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6084" data-file-height="6084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Columbia</a></i>, lifts off in 1981</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="American president Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev ease tensions between the two superpowers, leading to the end of the Cold War"><img alt="American president Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev ease tensions between the two superpowers, leading to the end of the Cold War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/292px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/438px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/584px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="3144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">American president <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> ease tensions between the two superpowers, leading to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_1989,_Fall_der_Mauer,_Chute_du_mur_20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is considered to be one of the most momentous events of the 1980s"><img alt="The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 is considered to be one of the most momentous events of the 1980s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Berlin_1989%2C_Fall_der_Mauer%2C_Chute_du_mur_20.jpg/270px-Berlin_1989%2C_Fall_der_Mauer%2C_Chute_du_mur_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Berlin_1989%2C_Fall_der_Mauer%2C_Chute_du_mur_20.jpg/405px-Berlin_1989%2C_Fall_der_Mauer%2C_Chute_du_mur_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Berlin_1989%2C_Fall_der_Mauer%2C_Chute_du_mur_20.jpg/540px-Berlin_1989%2C_Fall_der_Mauer%2C_Chute_du_mur_20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">fall of the Berlin Wall</a> in 1989 is considered to be one of the most momentous events of the 1980s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_PC_5150.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In 1981, the IBM Personal Computer is released"><img alt="In 1981, the IBM Personal Computer is released" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/IBM_PC_5150.jpg/245px-IBM_PC_5150.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/IBM_PC_5150.jpg/367px-IBM_PC_5150.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/IBM_PC_5150.jpg/489px-IBM_PC_5150.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In 1981, the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> is released</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium,_Philadelphia,_PA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In 1985, the Live Aid concert is held in order to fund relief efforts for the famine in Ethiopia during the time Mengistu Haile Mariam ruled the country"><img alt="In 1985, the Live Aid concert is held in order to fund relief efforts for the famine in Ethiopia during the time Mengistu Haile Mariam ruled the country" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg/224px-Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg/336px-Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg/448px-Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="1015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In 1985, the <a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a> concert is held in order to fund relief efforts for the <a href="/wiki/1983%E2%80%931985_famine_in_Ethiopia" title="1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia">famine in Ethiopia</a> during the time <a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a> ruled the country</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chernobylreactor_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ukraine and much of the world is filled with radioactive debris from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster"><img alt="Ukraine and much of the world is filled with radioactive debris from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chernobylreactor_1.jpg/244px-Chernobylreactor_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chernobylreactor_1.jpg/366px-Chernobylreactor_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chernobylreactor_1.jpg/489px-Chernobylreactor_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and much of the world is filled with radioactive debris from the 1986 <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemical_weapon1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Iran–Iraq War leads to over one million dead and $1 trillion spent"><img alt="The Iran–Iraq War leads to over one million dead and $1 trillion spent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemical_weapon1.jpg/262px-Chemical_weapon1.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemical_weapon1.jpg/393px-Chemical_weapon1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Chemical_weapon1.jpg/524px-Chemical_weapon1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> leads to over one million dead and $1 trillion spent</div> </li> </ul> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">Read more...</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:1980s&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output 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class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_article_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:1980s&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Tawana_Brawley_rape_hoax" title="Tawana Brawley rape hoax">Tawana Vicenia Brawley</a></b> (born December 15, 1971) is an African American woman from New York who gained notoriety in November 1987 at age 15 when she falsely accused four white men of kidnapping and raping her over a four-day period. </p><p>On November 28, 1987, Brawley was found in a trash bag after having been missing for four days from her home in <a href="/wiki/Wappingers_Falls,_New_York" title="Wappingers Falls, New York">Wappingers Falls</a>, New York. She had racial slurs written on her body and was covered in feces. The feces came from a <a href="/wiki/Collie" title="Collie">collie</a> owned by a resident of the building where Brawley was found. Brawley accused four white men of having raped her. The charges received national attention in part because of the appalling condition in which she had been left, her young age, and the professional status of the persons she accused of the crime (including police officers and a prosecuting attorney). Brawley's advisers—<a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alton_H._Maddox" class="mw-redirect" title="Alton H. Maddox">Alton H. Maddox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C._Vernon_Mason" title="C. Vernon Mason">C. Vernon Mason</a>—helped in bringing the case to national prominence. (<b><a href="/wiki/Tawana_Brawley_rape_hoax" title="Tawana Brawley rape hoax">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rubik%27s_Cube" title="Rubik's Cube">Rubik's Cube</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655" title="Iran Air Flight 655">Iran Air Flight 655</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Drums" title="Valley of the Drums">Valley of the Drums</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saturday-morning_cartoon" title="Saturday-morning cartoon">Saturday-morning cartoon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">Video game crash of 1983</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_John_Lennon" title="Murder of John Lennon">Murder of John Lennon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_disaster" title="Bhopal disaster">Bhopal disaster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Crack_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Crack epidemic in the United States">Crack epidemic in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Just_Say_No" title="Just Say No">Just Say No</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill" title="Exxon Valdez oil spill">Exxon Valdez oil spill</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yuppie" title="Yuppie">Yuppie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_500" title="Amiga 500">Amiga 500</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Soviet_nuclear_false_alarm_incident" title="1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident">1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Who_shot_J.R.%3F" title="Who shot J.R.?">Who shot J.R.?</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Magnum,_P.I." title="Magnum, P.I.">Magnum, P.I.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_video_game_burial" title="Atari video game burial">Atari video game burial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_the_beef%3F" title="Where's the beef?">Where's the beef?</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Music_Resource_Center" title="Parents Music Resource Center">Parents Music Resource Center</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Jones (franchise)">Indiana Jones (franchise)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_ritual_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Satanic ritual abuse">Satanic ritual abuse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cosby_Show" title="The Cosby Show">The Cosby Show</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity (Polish trade union)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Famines_in_Ethiopia" title="Famines in Ethiopia">Famines in Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Anwar_Sadat" title="Assassination of Anwar Sadat">Assassination of Anwar Sadat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boombox" title="Boombox">Boombox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">Hip hop music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Glove" title="Power Glove">Power Glove</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet" title="Halley's Comet">Halley's Comet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moonwalk_(dance)" title="Moonwalk (dance)">Moonwalk (dance)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keating_Five" title="Keating Five">Keating Five</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St._Helens" title="1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens">1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_fashion" title="1980s in fashion">1980s in fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession" title="Early 1980s recession">Early 1980s recession</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_film" title="1980s in film">1980s in film</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Private_equity_in_the_1980s" title="Private equity in the 1980s">Private equity in the 1980s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1980s)" title="Music of the United Kingdom (1980s)">Music of the United Kingdom (1980s)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980s_oil_glut" title="1980s oil glut">1980s oil glut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980s_professional_wrestling_boom" title="1980s professional wrestling boom">1980s professional wrestling boom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s" title="Hairstyles in the 1980s">Hairstyles in the 1980s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980 Summer Olympics boycott</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun" title="Top Gun">Top Gun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen (band)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dukes_of_Hazzard" title="The Dukes of Hazzard">The Dukes of Hazzard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Transformers_(TV_series)" title="The Transformers (TV series)">The Transformers (TV series)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Stars_on_45_(song)" title="Stars on 45 (song)">Stars on 45 (song)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Ruxpin" title="Teddy Ruxpin">Teddy Ruxpin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Piper_Alpha" title="Piper Alpha">Piper Alpha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/San_Juanico_disaster" title="San Juanico disaster">San Juanico disaster</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pac-Man" title="Pac-Man">Pac-Man</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_of_Prince_Charles_and_Lady_Diana_Spencer" title="Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer">Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/World_AIDS_Day" title="World AIDS Day">World AIDS Day</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(album)" title="Thriller (album)">Thriller (album)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epcot" title="Epcot">Epcot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pu%CA%BBu_%CA%BB%C5%8C%CA%BB%C5%8D" title="Puʻu ʻŌʻō">Puʻu ʻŌʻō</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Coke" title="New Coke">New Coke</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Born_in_the_U.S.A." title="Born in the U.S.A.">Born in the U.S.A.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Monday_(1987)" title="Black Monday (1987)">Black Monday (1987)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Run-DMC" title="Run-DMC">Run-DMC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/N.W.A" title="N.W.A">N.W.A</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wham!" title="Wham!">Wham!</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran" title="Duran Duran">Duran Duran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guns_N%27_Roses" title="Guns N' Roses">Guns N' Roses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bangles" title="The Bangles">The Bangles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_B-52s" title="The B-52s">The B-52s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Heads" title="Talking Heads">Talking Heads</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6tley_Cr%C3%BCe" title="Mötley Crüe">Mötley Crüe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto (band)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_(1987_film)" title="Wall Street (1987 film)">Wall Street (1987 film)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1983%E2%80%931985_famine_in_Ethiopia" title="1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia">1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">Compact disc</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Winter Olympics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984 Winter Olympics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Summer Olympics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988 Winter Olympics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second generation of video game consoles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third generation of video game consoles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth generation of video game consoles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Democrat" title="Atari Democrat">Atari Democrat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Ball" title="Dragon Ball">Dragon Ball</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_I" title="WrestleMania I">WrestleMania I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1982 FIFA World Cup">1982 FIFA World Cup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1986_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1986 FIFA World Cup">1986 FIFA World Cup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Saturday_(professional_wrestling)" title="Black Saturday (professional wrestling)">Black Saturday (professional wrestling)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_(speech)" title="A Tale of Two Cities (speech)">A Tale of Two Cities (speech)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Shining_(film)" title="The Shining (film)">The Shining (film)</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Did_you_know_(auto-generated)_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Did_you_know_.28auto-generated.29_-_load_new_batch"></span>Did you know <small>(auto-generated)</small> - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:1980s&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/47px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/71px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/94px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Korzeniacy,_czyli_Jesie%C5%84_wsamrazk%C3%B3w" title="Korzeniacy, czyli Jesień wsamrazków">a modern Polish fairy tale</a></b>, written during the period of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">martial law in Poland</a> in the 1980s, mixes the themes of real-world environmental protection and fantasy-like gnomes?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Trolleybus_Route_20" title="Shanghai Trolleybus Route 20">Shanghai Trolleybus Route 20</a></b> was so popular in the 1980s that it required 65 buses to run as little as 30 seconds apart?</li> <li>... that in 2006, U.S. <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skater</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Weir" title="Johnny Weir">Johnny Weir</a></b> became the first male skater to win the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating_Championships" title="U.S. Figure Skating Championships">U.S. Nationals</a> three times in a row since <a href="/wiki/Brian_Boitano" title="Brian Boitano">Brian Boitano</a> in the late 1980s?</li> <li>... that <i><b><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Blue_(album)" title="Eternal Blue (album)">Eternal Blue</a></b></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">metalcore</a> album, was inspired in part by 1980s <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a>?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Amdek" title="Amdek">Amdek Corporation</a></b>, a popular manufacturer of computer monitors in the 1980s, started out as a reseller of car radio components?</li> <li>... that in the 1980s, floor stands were offered to computer users to turn their horizontal desktops into <b><a href="/wiki/Computer_tower" title="Computer tower">towers</a></b>?</li> <li>... that in the 1980s, "Sherman Bonner, The Human Thermometer" presented the weather on <b><a href="/wiki/KLRT-TV" title="KLRT-TV">an Arkansas TV station</a></b>?</li> <li>... that the <b><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Vanguard" title="Fighting Vanguard">Fighting Vanguard</a></b> waged a guerrilla war against the Syrian government in the 1970s and 1980s?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3A1980s%2FSelected_picture%2F12&action=edit"><span style="color:#000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_picture" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected picture</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Staple_Singers_on_Soul_Train.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soul Train publicity photo."><img alt="Soul Train publicity photo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Staple_Singers_on_Soul_Train.jpg/200px-Staple_Singers_on_Soul_Train.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Staple_Singers_on_Soul_Train.jpg/300px-Staple_Singers_on_Soul_Train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Staple_Singers_on_Soul_Train.jpg/400px-Staple_Singers_on_Soul_Train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>Soul Train publicity photo.</figcaption></figure><div style="margin: 0.5em 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Soul_Train" title="Soul Train">Soul Train</a></span></div><small>Credit: Friends and Associated of Soul Train</small></div></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Soul_Train" title="Soul Train">Soul Train</a> publicity photo.</div><div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin-top:0.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/Selected_picture" title="Portal:1980s/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></b></li></ul></div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3A1980s%2FTopics&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Topics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Topics</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F5;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div align="left" style="font-size:95%;margin-left:20px;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_in_the_1980s" title="Boxing in the 1980s">1980s in Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_comics" title="1980s in comics">1980s in comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_film" title="1980s in film">1980s in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_literature#1980s" title="List of years in literature">1980s in literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_music" title="1980s in music">1980s in music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_jazz" title="1980s in jazz">1980s in jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_the_United_States_in_the_1980s" title="Music history of the United States in the 1980s">Music history of the United States in the 1980s</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_science_and_technology" title="1980s in science and technology">1980s in science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computing_1980%E2%80%931989" title="Timeline of computing 1980–1989">1980s in Computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_television#1980s" title="List of years in television">1980s in Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1980s in video gaming">1980s in video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_Western_fashion" class="mw-redirect" title="1980s in Western fashion">1980s in Western fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s" title="Hairstyles in the 1980s">Hairstyles in the 1980s</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049300">.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox th,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox td,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-subgroup,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_by_month145" style="width:40em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_by_month_links" title="Template talk:Events by month links"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_by_month145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events by month</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1989">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1989">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1989">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1989">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1989">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1989" title="June 1989">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1989">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1989">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1989">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1989">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1989">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1989">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1988">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1988">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1988">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1988">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1988">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1988">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1988">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1988">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1988">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1988">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1988">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1988" title="December 1988">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1987">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1987">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1987">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1987">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1987">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1987">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1987">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1987">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1987">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1987">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1987">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1987">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1986">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1986">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1986">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1986">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1986">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1986">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1986">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1986">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1986">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1986">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1986">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1986">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1985">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1985">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1985">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1985">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1985">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1985">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1985">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1985">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1985">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1985">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1985">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1985">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1984">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1984">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1984">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1984">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1984">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1984">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1984">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1984">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1984">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1984">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1984">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1984">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1983">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1983">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1983">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1983">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1983">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1983">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1983">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1983">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1983">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1983">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1983">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1983" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1983">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1982">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1982">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1982">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1982">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1982" title="May 1982">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1982">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1982">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1982">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1982">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1982">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1982">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1982" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1982">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1981" title="January 1981">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1981" title="February 1981">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1981" title="March 1981">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1981" title="April 1981">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1981" title="May 1981">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1981" title="June 1981">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1981" title="July 1981">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1981" title="August 1981">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1981" title="September 1981">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1981" title="October 1981">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1981" title="November 1981">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1981" title="December 1981">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1980" title="January 1980">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1980" title="February 1980">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1980" title="March 1980">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1980" title="April 1980">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1980" title="May 1980">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1980" title="June 1980">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1980" title="July 1980">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1980" title="August 1980">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1980" title="September 1980">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1980" title="October 1980">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1980" title="November 1980">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1980" title="December 1980">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_biography_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected biography - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:1980s&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Michael.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/George_Michael.jpeg/220px-George_Michael.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/George_Michael.jpeg/330px-George_Michael.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/George_Michael.jpeg/440px-George_Michael.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5518" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Michael performing in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, 1988</div></div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a></b> (born <b>Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou</b>; 25 June 1963 – 25 December 2016) was an English singer-songwriter and record producer. Regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Pop_culture_icon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop culture icon">pop culture icon</a>, he was known as a creative force in songwriting, vocal performance, and visual presentation. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/East_Finchley" title="East Finchley">East Finchley</a>, Middlesex, Michael rose to fame after forming the pop duo <a href="/wiki/Wham!" title="Wham!">Wham!</a> with <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ridgeley" title="Andrew Ridgeley">Andrew Ridgeley</a> in 1981. He took part in <a href="/wiki/Band_Aid_(band)" title="Band Aid (band)">Band Aid</a>'s UK number-one single "<a href="/wiki/Do_They_Know_It%27s_Christmas%3F" title="Do They Know It's Christmas?">Do They Know It's Christmas?</a>" in 1984 and performed at the following year's <a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a> concert. His debut studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/Faith_(George_Michael_album)" title="Faith (George Michael album)">Faith</a></i> (1987), won the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Grammy Award for Album of the Year</a> and became one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums" title="List of best-selling albums">best-selling albums of all time</a>, having sold over 25 million copies worldwide. Michael then went on to release a series of multimillion-selling albums, including <i><a href="/wiki/Listen_Without_Prejudice_Vol._1" title="Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1">Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1</a></i> (1990), <i><a href="/wiki/Older_(George_Michael_album)" title="Older (George Michael album)">Older</a></i> (1996), <i><a href="/wiki/Ladies_%26_Gentlemen:_The_Best_of_George_Michael" title="Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael">Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael</a></i> (1998), <i><a href="/wiki/Songs_from_the_Last_Century" title="Songs from the Last Century">Songs from the Last Century</a></i> (1999), <i><a href="/wiki/Patience_(George_Michael_album)" title="Patience (George Michael album)">Patience</a></i> (2004), and <a href="/wiki/Twenty_Five_(album)" title="Twenty Five (album)"><i>Twenty Five</i></a> (2006). His most successful singles include "<a href="/wiki/Careless_Whisper" title="Careless Whisper">Careless Whisper</a>", "<a href="/wiki/A_Different_Corner" title="A Different Corner">A Different Corner</a>", "<a href="/wiki/I_Knew_You_Were_Waiting_(For_Me)" title="I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)">I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Faith_(George_Michael_song)" title="Faith (George Michael song)">Faith</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Father_Figure_(George_Michael_song)" title="Father Figure (George Michael song)">Father Figure</a>", "<a href="/wiki/One_More_Try_(George_Michael_song)" title="One More Try (George Michael song)">One More Try</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Monkey_(song)" title="Monkey (song)">Monkey</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Praying_for_Time" title="Praying for Time">Praying for Time</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Freedom!_%2790" title="Freedom! '90">Freedom! '90</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Jesus_to_a_Child" title="Jesus to a Child">Jesus to a Child</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Fastlove" title="Fastlove">Fastlove</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Outside_(George_Michael_song)" title="Outside (George Michael song)">Outside</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Amazing_(George_Michael_song)" title="Amazing (George Michael song)">Amazing</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/An_Easier_Affair" title="An Easier Affair">An Easier Affair</a>". (<b><a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected biographies</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_George" title="Boy George">Boy George</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince (musician)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna (entertainer)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lou_Retton" title="Mary Lou Retton">Mary Lou Retton</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1984_New_York_City_Subway_shooting" title="1984 New York City Subway shooting">1984 New York City Subway shooting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brat_Pack" title="Brat Pack">Brat Pack</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bradley_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Bradley (American politician)">Tom Bradley (American politician)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Scott_Warshaw" title="Howard Scott Warshaw">Howard Scott Warshaw</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lauper" title="Cyndi Lauper">Cyndi Lauper</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne" title="Ozzy Osbourne">Ozzy Osbourne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Halford" title="Rob Halford">Rob Halford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash" title="Grandmaster Flash">Grandmaster Flash</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Murphy" title="Eddie Murphy">Eddie Murphy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hughes_(filmmaker)" title="John Hughes (filmmaker)">John Hughes (filmmaker)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Charles, Prince of Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Geldof" title="Bob Geldof">Bob Geldof</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mr._T" title="Mr. T">Mr. T</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yasmin_Le_Bon" title="Yasmin Le Bon">Yasmin Le Bon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hulk_Hogan" title="Hulk Hogan">Hulk Hogan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_McEnroe" title="John McEnroe">John McEnroe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting (musician)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Steffi_Graf" title="Steffi Graf">Steffi Graf</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Martina_Navratilova" title="Martina Navratilova">Martina Navratilova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Viv_Richards" title="Viv Richards">Viv Richards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Becker" title="Boris Becker">Boris Becker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Turner" title="Tina Turner">Tina Turner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Bird" title="Larry Bird">Larry Bird</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tyson" title="Mike Tyson">Mike Tyson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Noriega" title="Manuel Noriega">Manuel Noriega</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Idol" title="Billy Idol">Billy Idol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Savage" title="Randy Savage">Randy Savage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3A1980s%2FGeneral_images&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="General_images" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F5;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small><b>The following are images from various 1980s-related articles on Wikipedia.</b></small></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cold_War_Map_1980.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1The world map of military alliances in 1980:    NATO & Western allies,     Warsaw Pact & other Soviet allies,   Non-aligned countries,   China and Albania (communist countries, but not aligned with USSR), ××× Armed resistance (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 1The world map of military alliances in 1980:    NATO & Western allies,     Warsaw Pact & other Soviet allies,   Non-aligned countries,   China and Albania (communist countries, but not aligned with USSR), ××× Armed resistance (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cold_War_Map_1980.svg/120px-Cold_War_Map_1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cold_War_Map_1980.svg/180px-Cold_War_Map_1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cold_War_Map_1980.svg/240px-Cold_War_Map_1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>The world map of military alliances in 1980: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000099; color:white;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6666ff; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> & Western allies, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff6666; color:black;"> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffcccc; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> & other Soviet allies, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ccccff; color:black;"> </span> Non-aligned countries, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffcc33; color:black;"> </span> China and Albania (communist countries, but not aligned with USSR), <big><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:blue">×</span></b></big><big><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:red">×</span></b></big><big><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">×</span></b></big> Armed resistance (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Jackson_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2Michael Jackson was considered one of the most successful male pop and R&B artists of the 1980s. (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 2Michael Jackson was considered one of the most successful male pop and R&B artists of the 1980s. (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Michael_Jackson_1984.jpg/79px-Michael_Jackson_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Michael_Jackson_1984.jpg/118px-Michael_Jackson_1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Michael_Jackson_1984.jpg/157px-Michael_Jackson_1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1158" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> was considered one of the most successful male <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a> artists of the 1980s. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MSH80_st_helens_eruption_plume_07-22-80.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 31980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MSH80_st_helens_eruption_plume_07-22-80.jpg/82px-MSH80_st_helens_eruption_plume_07-22-80.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MSH80_st_helens_eruption_plume_07-22-80.jpg/123px-MSH80_st_helens_eruption_plume_07-22-80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/MSH80_st_helens_eruption_plume_07-22-80.jpg/164px-MSH80_st_helens_eruption_plume_07-22-80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="2888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><a href="/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St._Helens" title="1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens">1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hutchence-INXS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4Michael Hutchence singing during an INXS concert, early 1980s (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 4Michael Hutchence singing during an INXS concert, early 1980s (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hutchence-INXS.jpg/120px-Hutchence-INXS.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hutchence-INXS.jpg/180px-Hutchence-INXS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hutchence-INXS.jpg/240px-Hutchence-INXS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hutchence" title="Michael Hutchence">Michael Hutchence</a> singing during an <a href="/wiki/INXS" title="INXS">INXS</a> concert, early 1980s (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5U.S. President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev signing the INF Treaty, 1987 (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 5U.S. President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev signing the INF Treaty, 1987 (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/120px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/180px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg/240px-Reagan_and_Gorbachev_signing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="3144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>U.S. President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev signing the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">INF Treaty</a>, 1987 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThePolice_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6The Police, regarded by Rolling Stone as “possibly the biggest band in the world”, November 1983. (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 6The Police, regarded by Rolling Stone as “possibly the biggest band in the world”, November 1983. (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ThePolice_2007.jpg/120px-ThePolice_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ThePolice_2007.jpg/180px-ThePolice_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/ThePolice_2007.jpg/240px-ThePolice_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><a href="/wiki/The_Police" title="The Police">The Police</a>, regarded by <i>Rolling Stone</i> as “possibly the biggest band in the world”, November 1983. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7The Space Shuttle Columbia seconds after engine ignition, 1981 (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 7The Space Shuttle Columbia seconds after engine ignition, 1981 (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/120px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/180px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg/240px-Space_Shuttle_Columbia_launching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6084" data-file-height="6084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Space Shuttle <i>Columbia</i></a> seconds after engine ignition, 1981 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium,_Philadelphia,_PA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Stage view of the Live Aid concert at Philadelphia's JFK Stadium in the United States in 1985. The concert was a major global international effort by musicians and activists to sponsor action to send aid to the people of Ethiopia who were suffering from a major famine. (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 8Stage view of the Live Aid concert at Philadelphia's JFK Stadium in the United States in 1985. The concert was a major global international effort by musicians and activists to sponsor action to send aid to the people of Ethiopia who were suffering from a major famine. (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg/120px-Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg/180px-Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg/240px-Live_Aid_at_JFK_Stadium%2C_Philadelphia%2C_PA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="1015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>Stage view of the <a href="/wiki/Live_Aid" title="Live Aid">Live Aid</a> concert at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Stadium" title="John F. Kennedy Stadium">JFK Stadium</a> in the United States in 1985. The concert was a major global international effort by musicians and activists to sponsor action to send aid to the people of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> who were suffering from a major <a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%931985_famine_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="1984–1985 famine in Ethiopia">famine</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_explosion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9The space shuttle Challenger disintegrates on January 28, 1986 (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 9The space shuttle Challenger disintegrates on January 28, 1986 (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/120px-Challenger_explosion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/180px-Challenger_explosion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Challenger_explosion.jpg/240px-Challenger_explosion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3555" data-file-height="2879" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">space shuttle <i>Challenger</i></a> disintegrates on January 28, 1986 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beirutbarr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 101983 Beirut barracks bombing (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 101983 Beirut barracks bombing (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Beirutbarr.jpg/120px-Beirutbarr.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Beirutbarr.jpg/180px-Beirutbarr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Beirutbarr.jpg/240px-Beirutbarr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="2131" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><a href="/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 Beirut barracks bombing">1983 Beirut barracks bombing</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NES-Console-Set.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) was released in the mid-1980s and became the best-selling gaming console of its time (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 11The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) was released in the mid-1980s and became the best-selling gaming console of its time (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NES-Console-Set.jpg/120px-NES-Console-Set.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NES-Console-Set.jpg/180px-NES-Console-Set.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NES-Console-Set.jpg/240px-NES-Console-Set.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5560" data-file-height="3020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (NES) was released in the mid-1980s and became the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_game_consoles" title="List of best-selling game consoles">best-selling gaming console</a> of its time (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the beginning of German reunification (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 12The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the beginning of German reunification (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg/81px-BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg/121px-BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg/161px-BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="1663" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the beginning of German reunification (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackee88.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13Among women large hair-dos and puffed-up styles typified the decade of the 1980s. (Jackée Harry, 1988) (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 13Among women large hair-dos and puffed-up styles typified the decade of the 1980s. (Jackée Harry, 1988) (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jackee88.jpg/82px-Jackee88.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jackee88.jpg/123px-Jackee88.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jackee88.jpg/164px-Jackee88.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span>Among women <a href="/wiki/Big_hair" title="Big hair">large hair-dos and puffed-up</a> styles typified the decade of the 1980s. (<i><a href="/wiki/Jack%C3%A9e_Harry" title="Jackée Harry">Jackée Harry</a>, 1988</i>) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grateful_Dead_at_the_Warfield-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14The Grateful Dead in 1980. Left to right: Jerry Garcia, Bill Kreutzmann, Bob Weir, Mickey Hart, Phil Lesh. Not pictured: Brent Mydland. (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 14The Grateful Dead in 1980. Left to right: Jerry Garcia, Bill Kreutzmann, Bob Weir, Mickey Hart, Phil Lesh. Not pictured: Brent Mydland. (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Grateful_Dead_at_the_Warfield-01.jpg/120px-Grateful_Dead_at_the_Warfield-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Grateful_Dead_at_the_Warfield-01.jpg/180px-Grateful_Dead_at_the_Warfield-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Grateful_Dead_at_the_Warfield-01.jpg/240px-Grateful_Dead_at_the_Warfield-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a> in 1980. Left to right: Jerry Garcia, Bill Kreutzmann, Bob Weir, Mickey Hart, Phil Lesh. Not pictured: Brent Mydland. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IAF_F-16A_Netz_243_CIAF_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15The Israeli Air Force F-16A Netz '243' that was flown by Colonel Ilan Ramon during Operation Opera (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 15The Israeli Air Force F-16A Netz '243' that was flown by Colonel Ilan Ramon during Operation Opera (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/IAF_F-16A_Netz_243_CIAF_2004.jpg/120px-IAF_F-16A_Netz_243_CIAF_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/IAF_F-16A_Netz_243_CIAF_2004.jpg/180px-IAF_F-16A_Netz_243_CIAF_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/IAF_F-16A_Netz_243_CIAF_2004.jpg/240px-IAF_F-16A_Netz_243_CIAF_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1757" data-file-height="959" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/F-16A" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16A">F-16A</a> Netz '243' that was flown by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Ramon" title="Ilan Ramon">Ilan Ramon</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">Operation Opera</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenny-G.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Kenny G, one of the leading smooth jazz artists which emerged in the 1980s (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 16Kenny G, one of the leading smooth jazz artists which emerged in the 1980s (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kenny-G.jpg/120px-Kenny-G.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kenny-G.jpg/180px-Kenny-G.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Kenny-G.jpg/240px-Kenny-G.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_G" title="Kenny G">Kenny G</a>, one of the leading smooth jazz artists which emerged in the 1980s (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowie_1983_serious_moonlight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17David Bowie saw commercial success during the early 1980s (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 17David Bowie saw commercial success during the early 1980s (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bowie_1983_serious_moonlight.jpg/78px-Bowie_1983_serious_moonlight.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bowie_1983_serious_moonlight.jpg/118px-Bowie_1983_serious_moonlight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Bowie_1983_serious_moonlight.jpg/157px-Bowie_1983_serious_moonlight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1565" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> saw commercial success during the early 1980s (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18Miles Davis (pictured in 1984), whose 1970s fusion music helped lead to the development of smooth jazz in the 1980s. (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 18Miles Davis (pictured in 1984), whose 1970s fusion music helped lead to the development of smooth jazz in the 1980s. (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miles_Davis_23.jpg/69px-Miles_Davis_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miles_Davis_23.jpg/103px-Miles_Davis_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Miles_Davis_23.jpg/138px-Miles_Davis_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> (pictured in 1984), whose 1970s <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">fusion</a> music helped lead to the development of <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a> in the 1980s. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood_in_London_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19Controversial dance pop band Frankie Goes to Hollywood in London, 1985 (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 19Controversial dance pop band Frankie Goes to Hollywood in London, 1985 (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood_in_London_cropped.jpg/120px-Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood_in_London_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood_in_London_cropped.jpg/180px-Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood_in_London_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood_in_London_cropped.jpg/240px-Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood_in_London_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="707" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>Controversial dance pop band <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Goes_to_Hollywood" title="Frankie Goes to Hollywood">Frankie Goes to Hollywood</a> in London, 1985 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Rangers_parachute_into_Grenada_during_Operation_Urgent_Fury.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20Invasion of Grenada, October 1983 (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 20Invasion of Grenada, October 1983 (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Army_Rangers_parachute_into_Grenada_during_Operation_Urgent_Fury.jpg/120px-US_Army_Rangers_parachute_into_Grenada_during_Operation_Urgent_Fury.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Army_Rangers_parachute_into_Grenada_during_Operation_Urgent_Fury.jpg/180px-US_Army_Rangers_parachute_into_Grenada_during_Operation_Urgent_Fury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/US_Army_Rangers_parachute_into_Grenada_during_Operation_Urgent_Fury.jpg/240px-US_Army_Rangers_parachute_into_Grenada_during_Operation_Urgent_Fury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Grenada">Invasion of Grenada</a>, October 1983 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponferrada_-_graffiti_%26_murals_03_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21The highest-grossing film of the decade was E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) (from Portal:1980s/General images)"><img alt="Image 21The highest-grossing film of the decade was E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) (from Portal:1980s/General images)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ponferrada_-_graffiti_%26_murals_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/120px-Ponferrada_-_graffiti_%26_murals_03_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ponferrada_-_graffiti_%26_murals_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/180px-Ponferrada_-_graffiti_%26_murals_03_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ponferrada_-_graffiti_%26_murals_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/240px-Ponferrada_-_graffiti_%26_murals_03_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span>The highest-grossing film of the decade was <i><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a></i> (1982) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/General_images" title="Portal:1980s/General images">Portal:1980s/General images</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="1980s_films_-_load_new_batch" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/38px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> 1980s films - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:1980s&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>load new batch</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>These are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">Good articles</a>, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r987512734">.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output div.excerptSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:not(.gallerycarousel)>div>div:nth-child(1){display:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1021884966"><div class="randomSlideshow-container excerptSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 A View to a Kill is a 1985 spy film, the fourteenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the seventh and final appearance of Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Although the title is adapted from Ian Fleming's 1960 short story "From a View to a Kill", the film has an entirely original screenplay. In A View to a Kill, Bond is pitted against Max Zorin (played by Christopher Walken), who plans to destroy California's Silicon Valley. The film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson, who also wrote the screenplay with Richard Maibaum. It was the third James Bond film to be directed by John Glen, and the last to feature Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 1 A View to a Kill is a 1985 spy film, the fourteenth in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions, and the seventh and final appearance of Roger Moore as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Although the title is adapted from Ian Fleming's 1960 short story "From a View to a Kill", the film has an entirely original screenplay. In A View to a Kill, Bond is pitted against Max Zorin (played by Christopher Walken), who plans to destroy California's Silicon Valley. The film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson, who also wrote the screenplay with Richard Maibaum. It was the third James Bond film to be directed by John Glen, and the last to feature Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/A_View_to_a_Kill" title="A View to a Kill">A View to a Kill</a></b></i> is a 1985 <a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">spy film</a>, the fourteenth in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_films" title="List of James Bond films"><i>James Bond</i> series</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Eon_Productions" title="Eon Productions">Eon Productions</a>, and the seventh and final appearance of <a href="/wiki/Roger_Moore" title="Roger Moore">Roger Moore</a> as the fictional <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a> agent <a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_James_Bond_in_film" title="Portrayal of James Bond in film">James Bond</a>. Although the title is adapted from <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a>'s 1960 short story "<a href="/wiki/From_a_View_to_a_Kill" class="mw-redirect" title="From a View to a Kill">From a View to a Kill</a>", the film has an entirely original screenplay. In <i>A View to a Kill</i>, Bond is pitted against <a href="/wiki/Max_Zorin" title="Max Zorin">Max Zorin</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a>), who plans to destroy California's <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>.<br /><br />The film was produced by <a href="/wiki/Albert_R._Broccoli" title="Albert R. Broccoli">Albert R. Broccoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_G._Wilson" title="Michael G. Wilson">Michael G. Wilson</a>, who also wrote the screenplay with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Maibaum" title="Richard Maibaum">Richard Maibaum</a>. It was the third James Bond film to be directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Glen_(director)" title="John Glen (director)">John Glen</a>, and the last to feature <a href="/wiki/Lois_Maxwell" title="Lois Maxwell">Lois Maxwell</a> as <a href="/wiki/Miss_Moneypenny" title="Miss Moneypenny">Miss Moneypenny</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/A_View_to_a_Kill" title="A View to a Kill">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Thomas F. Wilson. Set in 1985, it follows Marty McFly (Fox), a teenager accidentally sent back to 1955 in a time-traveling DeLorean automobile built by his eccentric scientist friend Emmett "Doc" Brown (Lloyd), where he inadvertently prevents his future parents from falling in love – threatening his own existence – and is forced to reconcile them and somehow get back to the future. Gale and Zemeckis conceived the idea for Back to the Future in 1980. They were desperate for a successful film after numerous collaborative failures, but the project was rejected more than forty times by various studios because it was not considered raunchy enough to compete with the successful comedies of the era. A development deal was secured with Universal Pictures following Zemeckis's success directing Romancing the Stone (1984). Fox was the first choice to portray Marty but was unavailable; Eric Stoltz was cast instead. Shortly after principal photography began in November 1984, Zemeckis determined Stoltz was not right for the part and made the concessions necessary to hire Fox, including re-filming scenes already shot with Stoltz and adding $4 million to the budget. Back to the Future was filmed in and around California and on sets at Universal Studios, and concluded the following April. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 2 Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover, and Thomas F. Wilson. Set in 1985, it follows Marty McFly (Fox), a teenager accidentally sent back to 1955 in a time-traveling DeLorean automobile built by his eccentric scientist friend Emmett "Doc" Brown (Lloyd), where he inadvertently prevents his future parents from falling in love – threatening his own existence – and is forced to reconcile them and somehow get back to the future. Gale and Zemeckis conceived the idea for Back to the Future in 1980. They were desperate for a successful film after numerous collaborative failures, but the project was rejected more than forty times by various studios because it was not considered raunchy enough to compete with the successful comedies of the era. A development deal was secured with Universal Pictures following Zemeckis's success directing Romancing the Stone (1984). Fox was the first choice to portray Marty but was unavailable; Eric Stoltz was cast instead. Shortly after principal photography began in November 1984, Zemeckis determined Stoltz was not right for the part and made the concessions necessary to hire Fox, including re-filming scenes already shot with Stoltz and adding $4 million to the budget. Back to the Future was filmed in and around California and on sets at Universal Studios, and concluded the following April. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></b></i> is a 1985 American <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">science fiction film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> and written by Zemeckis and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Gale" title="Bob Gale">Bob Gale</a>. It stars <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lloyd" title="Christopher Lloyd">Christopher Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lea_Thompson" title="Lea Thompson">Lea Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crispin_Glover" title="Crispin Glover">Crispin Glover</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Wilson" title="Thomas F. Wilson">Thomas F. Wilson</a>. Set in 1985, it follows <a href="/wiki/Marty_McFly" title="Marty McFly">Marty McFly</a> (Fox), a teenager accidentally sent back to 1955 in a <a href="/wiki/DeLorean_time_machine" title="DeLorean time machine">time-traveling DeLorean automobile</a> built by his eccentric scientist friend <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Brown" title="Emmett Brown">Emmett "Doc" Brown</a> (Lloyd), where he inadvertently prevents his future parents from falling in love – threatening his own existence – and is forced to reconcile them and somehow get back to the future.<br /><br />Gale and Zemeckis conceived the idea for <i>Back to the Future</i> in 1980. They were desperate for a successful film after numerous collaborative failures, but the project was rejected more than forty times by various studios because it was not considered raunchy enough to compete with the successful comedies of the era. A development deal was secured with <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a> following Zemeckis's success directing <i><a href="/wiki/Romancing_the_Stone" title="Romancing the Stone">Romancing the Stone</a></i> (1984). Fox was the first choice to portray Marty but was unavailable; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Stoltz" title="Eric Stoltz">Eric Stoltz</a> was cast instead. Shortly after <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">principal photography</a> began in November 1984, Zemeckis determined Stoltz was not right for the part and made the concessions necessary to hire Fox, including re-filming scenes already shot with Stoltz and adding $4<span class="nowrap"> </span>million to the budget. <i>Back to the Future</i> was filmed in and around California and on sets at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Lot" title="Universal Studios Lot">Universal Studios</a>, and concluded the following April. (<b><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American epic biographical anti-war drama film that is based on the 1976 autobiography of Ron Kovic. Directed by Oliver Stone, and written by Stone and Kovic, it stars Tom Cruise, Kyra Sedgwick, Raymond J. Barry, Jerry Levine, Frank Whaley, and Willem Dafoe. The film depicts the life of Kovic (Cruise) over a 20-year period, detailing his childhood, his military service and paralysis during the Vietnam War, and his transition to anti-war activism. It is the second installment in Stone's trilogy of films about the Vietnam War, following Platoon (1986) and preceding Heaven & Earth (1993). Producer Martin Bregman acquired the film rights to the book in 1976 and hired Stone, also a Vietnam veteran, to co-write the screenplay with Kovic, who would be played by Al Pacino. When Stone optioned the book in 1978, the film adaptation became mired in development hell after Pacino and Bregman left, which resulted in him and Kovic putting the film on hold. After the release of Platoon, the project was revived at Universal Pictures, with Stone attached to direct. Shot on locations in the Philippines, Texas and Inglewood, California, principal photography took place from October 1988 to December, lasting 65 days of filming. The film went over its initial $14 million production budget and ended up costing $17.8 million after reshoots. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 3 Born on the Fourth of July is a 1989 American epic biographical anti-war drama film that is based on the 1976 autobiography of Ron Kovic. Directed by Oliver Stone, and written by Stone and Kovic, it stars Tom Cruise, Kyra Sedgwick, Raymond J. Barry, Jerry Levine, Frank Whaley, and Willem Dafoe. The film depicts the life of Kovic (Cruise) over a 20-year period, detailing his childhood, his military service and paralysis during the Vietnam War, and his transition to anti-war activism. It is the second installment in Stone's trilogy of films about the Vietnam War, following Platoon (1986) and preceding Heaven & Earth (1993). Producer Martin Bregman acquired the film rights to the book in 1976 and hired Stone, also a Vietnam veteran, to co-write the screenplay with Kovic, who would be played by Al Pacino. When Stone optioned the book in 1978, the film adaptation became mired in development hell after Pacino and Bregman left, which resulted in him and Kovic putting the film on hold. After the release of Platoon, the project was revived at Universal Pictures, with Stone attached to direct. Shot on locations in the Philippines, Texas and Inglewood, California, principal photography took place from October 1988 to December, lasting 65 days of filming. The film went over its initial $14 million production budget and ended up costing $17.8 million after reshoots. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Born_on_the_Fourth_of_July_(film)" title="Born on the Fourth of July (film)"><i>Born on the Fourth of July</i></a></b> is a 1989 American <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">biographical</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-war_film" title="Anti-war film">anti-war</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">drama film</a> that is based on the <a href="/wiki/Born_on_the_Fourth_of_July" title="Born on the Fourth of July">1976 autobiography</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ron_Kovic" title="Ron Kovic">Ron Kovic</a>. Directed by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a>, and written by Stone and Kovic, it stars <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyra_Sedgwick" title="Kyra Sedgwick">Kyra Sedgwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_J._Barry" title="Raymond J. Barry">Raymond J. Barry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Levine" title="Jerry Levine">Jerry Levine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Whaley" title="Frank Whaley">Frank Whaley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a>. The film depicts the life of Kovic (Cruise) over a 20-year period, detailing his childhood, his military service and paralysis during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, and his transition to anti-war activism. It is the second installment in Stone's trilogy of films about the Vietnam War, following <i><a href="/wiki/Platoon_(film)" title="Platoon (film)">Platoon</a></i> (1986) and preceding <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_%26_Earth_(1993_film)" title="Heaven & Earth (1993 film)">Heaven & Earth</a></i> (1993).<br /><br />Producer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bregman" title="Martin Bregman">Martin Bregman</a> acquired the film rights to the book in 1976 and hired Stone, also a <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_veteran" title="Vietnam veteran">Vietnam veteran</a>, to co-write the screenplay with Kovic, who would be played by <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a>. When Stone <a href="/wiki/Option_(filmmaking)" title="Option (filmmaking)">optioned</a> the book in 1978, the film adaptation became mired in <a href="/wiki/Development_hell" title="Development hell">development hell</a> after Pacino and Bregman left, which resulted in him and Kovic putting the film on hold. After the release of <i>Platoon</i>, the project was revived at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>, with Stone attached to direct. Shot on locations in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_California" title="Inglewood, California">Inglewood, California</a>, principal photography took place from October 1988 to December, lasting 65 days of filming. The film went over its initial $14 million production budget and ended up costing $17.8 million after reshoots. (<b><a href="/wiki/Born_on_the_Fourth_of_July_(film)" title="Born on the Fourth of July (film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 Moodu Pani (English: The Mist) is a 1980 Indian Tamil-language psychological thriller film written, directed and filmed by Balu Mahendra. Starring his then wife Shoba and Pratap, with N. Viswanathan, Gandhimathi, Mohan and Bhanu Chander in supporting roles, it is based on two novels: Idhuvum Oru Viduthalai Thaan (1978) by Rajendra Kumar, and The Collector (1963) by John Fowles. The film follows Chandru (Pratap), who has a strong hatred towards prostitutes and would kill any such woman he encounters. He falls in love with Rekha (Shoba) and believes marrying her will end his psychological distress. Moodu Pani was the third directorial venture of Mahendra and his second in Tamil after Azhiyatha Kolangal (1979). It also marked Mohan's debut in Tamil cinema, and the last film Shoba acted in before her death. Principal photography took place between January and April 1980, mostly in Udupi, Bangalore and Ooty. The film's similarities to Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho (1960) have been widely discussed. The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, this being his 100th film, and his brother Gangai Amaran was the main lyricist. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 4 Moodu Pani (English: The Mist) is a 1980 Indian Tamil-language psychological thriller film written, directed and filmed by Balu Mahendra. Starring his then wife Shoba and Pratap, with N. Viswanathan, Gandhimathi, Mohan and Bhanu Chander in supporting roles, it is based on two novels: Idhuvum Oru Viduthalai Thaan (1978) by Rajendra Kumar, and The Collector (1963) by John Fowles. The film follows Chandru (Pratap), who has a strong hatred towards prostitutes and would kill any such woman he encounters. He falls in love with Rekha (Shoba) and believes marrying her will end his psychological distress. Moodu Pani was the third directorial venture of Mahendra and his second in Tamil after Azhiyatha Kolangal (1979). It also marked Mohan's debut in Tamil cinema, and the last film Shoba acted in before her death. Principal photography took place between January and April 1980, mostly in Udupi, Bangalore and Ooty. The film's similarities to Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho (1960) have been widely discussed. The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, this being his 100th film, and his brother Gangai Amaran was the main lyricist. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moodu_Pani" title="Moodu Pani">Moodu Pani</a></b></i> (English: <i lang="en">The Mist</i>) is a 1980 Indian <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">psychological thriller</a> film written, directed and filmed by <a href="/wiki/Balu_Mahendra" title="Balu Mahendra">Balu Mahendra</a>. Starring his then wife <a href="/wiki/Shoba" title="Shoba">Shoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pratap_Pothen" title="Pratap Pothen">Pratap</a>, with <a href="/wiki/N._Viswanathan" title="N. Viswanathan">N. Viswanathan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gandhimathi" title="Gandhimathi">Gandhimathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohan_(actor)" title="Mohan (actor)">Mohan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhanu_Chander" title="Bhanu Chander">Bhanu Chander</a> in supporting roles, it is based on two novels: <i>Idhuvum Oru Viduthalai Thaan</i> (1978) by Rajendra Kumar, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Collector" title="The Collector">The Collector</a></i> (1963) by <a href="/wiki/John_Fowles" title="John Fowles">John Fowles</a>. The film follows Chandru (Pratap), who has a strong hatred towards prostitutes and would kill any such woman he encounters. He falls in love with Rekha (Shoba) and believes marrying her will end his psychological distress.<br /><br /><i>Moodu Pani</i> was the third directorial venture of Mahendra and his second in Tamil after <i><a href="/wiki/Azhiyatha_Kolangal" title="Azhiyatha Kolangal">Azhiyatha Kolangal</a></i> (1979). It also marked Mohan's debut in Tamil cinema, and the last film Shoba acted in before her death. <a href="/wiki/Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Principal photography</a> took place between January and April 1980, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ooty" title="Ooty">Ooty</a>. The film's similarities to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/Psycho_(1960_film)" title="Psycho (1960 film)">Psycho</a></i> (1960) have been widely discussed. The soundtrack was composed by <a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a>, this being his 100th film, and his brother <a href="/wiki/Gangai_Amaran" title="Gangai Amaran">Gangai Amaran</a> was the main lyricist. (<b><a href="/wiki/Moodu_Pani" title="Moodu Pani">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 L.A. Takedown, also called L.A. Crimewave and Made in L.A., is a 1989 American crime action film written and directed by Michael Mann. Originally filmed as a pilot for an NBC television series, the project was reworked and aired as a stand-alone TV film after the series was not picked up. The film was later released on VHS and, in Region 2, on DVD. The ensemble cast includes Scott Plank, Alex McArthur, Michael Rooker, Daniel Baldwin, and Xander Berkeley. Plank starred as Vincent Hanna, a detective on the hunt for professional criminal Patrick McLaren, played by McArthur; the story was based on the real-life investigation of Chicago criminal Neil McCauley. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 5 L.A. Takedown, also called L.A. Crimewave and Made in L.A., is a 1989 American crime action film written and directed by Michael Mann. Originally filmed as a pilot for an NBC television series, the project was reworked and aired as a stand-alone TV film after the series was not picked up. The film was later released on VHS and, in Region 2, on DVD. The ensemble cast includes Scott Plank, Alex McArthur, Michael Rooker, Daniel Baldwin, and Xander Berkeley. Plank starred as Vincent Hanna, a detective on the hunt for professional criminal Patrick McLaren, played by McArthur; the story was based on the real-life investigation of Chicago criminal Neil McCauley. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/L.A._Takedown" title="L.A. Takedown">L.A. Takedown</a></b></i>, also called <i><b>L.A. Crimewave</b></i> and <i><b>Made in L.A.</b></i>, is a 1989 American <a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">crime</a> <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action film</a> written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann">Michael Mann</a>. Originally filmed as a <a href="/wiki/Pilot_episode" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot episode">pilot</a> for an <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> television series, the project was reworked and aired as a stand-alone <a href="/wiki/TV_film" class="mw-redirect" title="TV film">TV film</a> after the series was not picked up. The film was later released on VHS and, in <a href="/wiki/DVD_region_code#Region_codes_and_countries" title="DVD region code">Region 2</a>, on DVD.<br /><br />The <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">ensemble cast</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Scott_Plank" title="Scott Plank">Scott Plank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_McArthur" title="Alex McArthur">Alex McArthur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rooker" title="Michael Rooker">Michael Rooker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Baldwin" title="Daniel Baldwin">Daniel Baldwin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xander_Berkeley" title="Xander Berkeley">Xander Berkeley</a>. Plank starred as Vincent Hanna, a detective on the hunt for professional criminal Patrick McLaren, played by McArthur; the story was based on the real-life investigation of Chicago criminal Neil McCauley. (<b><a href="/wiki/L.A._Takedown" title="L.A. Takedown">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Never Say Never Again is a 1983 spy film directed by Irvin Kershner. The film is based on the 1961 James Bond novel Thunderball by Ian Fleming, which in turn was based on an original story by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Fleming. The novel had been previously adapted as the 1965 film Thunderball. Never Say Never Again is the second and most recent James Bond film not to be produced by Eon Productions (the usual producer of the Bond series) but instead by Jack Schwartzman's Taliafilm, and was distributed by Warner Bros. The film was executive produced by Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the Thunderball storyline. McClory had retained the filming rights of the novel following a long legal battle dating from the 1960s. Sean Connery played the role of Bond for the seventh and final time, marking his return to the character twelve years after Diamonds Are Forever (1971). The film's title is a reference to Connery's reported declaration in 1971 that he would "never again" play that role. As Connery was 52 at the time of filming, the script makes frequent reference to Bond as aging and past his prime – although ironically, Connery was three years younger than his replacement, Roger Moore. The storyline features Bond being reluctantly brought back into action to investigate the theft of two nuclear weapons by SPECTRE. Filming locations included France, Spain, the Bahamas and Elstree Studios in the United Kingdom. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 6 Never Say Never Again is a 1983 spy film directed by Irvin Kershner. The film is based on the 1961 James Bond novel Thunderball by Ian Fleming, which in turn was based on an original story by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Fleming. The novel had been previously adapted as the 1965 film Thunderball. Never Say Never Again is the second and most recent James Bond film not to be produced by Eon Productions (the usual producer of the Bond series) but instead by Jack Schwartzman's Taliafilm, and was distributed by Warner Bros. The film was executive produced by Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the Thunderball storyline. McClory had retained the filming rights of the novel following a long legal battle dating from the 1960s. Sean Connery played the role of Bond for the seventh and final time, marking his return to the character twelve years after Diamonds Are Forever (1971). The film's title is a reference to Connery's reported declaration in 1971 that he would "never again" play that role. As Connery was 52 at the time of filming, the script makes frequent reference to Bond as aging and past his prime – although ironically, Connery was three years younger than his replacement, Roger Moore. The storyline features Bond being reluctantly brought back into action to investigate the theft of two nuclear weapons by SPECTRE. Filming locations included France, Spain, the Bahamas and Elstree Studios in the United Kingdom. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Never_Say_Never_Again" title="Never Say Never Again">Never Say Never Again</a></b></i> is a 1983 <a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">spy film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a>. The film is based on the 1961 <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Thunderball_(novel)" title="Thunderball (novel)">Thunderball</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Fleming" title="Ian Fleming">Ian Fleming</a>, which in turn was based on an original story by <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McClory" title="Kevin McClory">Kevin McClory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Whittingham" title="Jack Whittingham">Jack Whittingham</a>, and Fleming. The novel had been previously adapted as the 1965 film <i><a href="/wiki/Thunderball_(film)" title="Thunderball (film)">Thunderball</a></i>. <i>Never Say Never Again</i> is the second and most recent <i>James Bond</i> film not to be produced by <a href="/wiki/Eon_Productions" title="Eon Productions">Eon Productions</a> (the usual producer of the Bond series) but instead by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Schwartzman" title="Jack Schwartzman">Jack Schwartzman</a>'s Taliafilm, and was distributed by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> The film was executive produced by Kevin McClory, one of the original writers of the <i>Thunderball</i> storyline. McClory had retained the filming rights of the novel following a <a href="/wiki/Thunderball_(novel)#Controversy" title="Thunderball (novel)">long legal battle</a> dating from the 1960s.<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> played the role of Bond for the seventh and final time, marking his return to the character twelve years after <i><a href="/wiki/Diamonds_Are_Forever_(film)" title="Diamonds Are Forever (film)">Diamonds Are Forever</a></i> (1971). The film's title is a reference to Connery's reported declaration in 1971 that he would "never again" play that role. As Connery was 52 at the time of filming, the script makes frequent reference to Bond as aging and past his prime – although ironically, Connery was three years younger than his replacement, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Moore" title="Roger Moore">Roger Moore</a>. The storyline features Bond being reluctantly brought back into action to investigate the theft of two nuclear weapons by <a href="/wiki/SPECTRE" title="SPECTRE">SPECTRE</a>. Filming locations included France, Spain, the Bahamas and <a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios</a> in the United Kingdom. (<b><a href="/wiki/Never_Say_Never_Again" title="Never Say Never Again">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg from a script by Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz, based on a story by George Lucas. It is the second installment in the Indiana Jones film series and a prequel to Raiders of the Lost Ark. The film stars Harrison Ford, who reprises his role as the title character. Kate Capshaw, Amrish Puri, Roshan Seth, Philip Stone, and Ke Huy Quan, in his film debut, star in supporting roles. In the film, after arriving in British India, Indiana Jones is asked by desperate villagers to find a mystical stone and rescue their children from a Thuggee cult practicing child slavery, black magic, and ritual human sacrifice in honor of the goddess Kali. Not wishing to feature the Nazis as the villains again, executive producer and story writer George Lucas decided to regard this film as a prequel. Three plot devices were rejected before Lucas wrote a film treatment that resembled the final storyline. As Lawrence Kasdan, Lucas's collaborator on Raiders of the Lost Ark, turned down the offer to write the script, Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz, who had previously worked with Lucas on American Graffiti (1973), were hired as his replacements. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 7 Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom is a 1984 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg from a script by Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz, based on a story by George Lucas. It is the second installment in the Indiana Jones film series and a prequel to Raiders of the Lost Ark. The film stars Harrison Ford, who reprises his role as the title character. Kate Capshaw, Amrish Puri, Roshan Seth, Philip Stone, and Ke Huy Quan, in his film debut, star in supporting roles. In the film, after arriving in British India, Indiana Jones is asked by desperate villagers to find a mystical stone and rescue their children from a Thuggee cult practicing child slavery, black magic, and ritual human sacrifice in honor of the goddess Kali. Not wishing to feature the Nazis as the villains again, executive producer and story writer George Lucas decided to regard this film as a prequel. Three plot devices were rejected before Lucas wrote a film treatment that resembled the final storyline. As Lawrence Kasdan, Lucas's collaborator on Raiders of the Lost Ark, turned down the offer to write the script, Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz, who had previously worked with Lucas on American Graffiti (1973), were hired as his replacements. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a></b></i> is a 1984 American <a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Action-adventure film">action-adventure film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> from a script by <a href="/wiki/Willard_Huyck" title="Willard Huyck">Willard Huyck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Katz" title="Gloria Katz">Gloria Katz</a>, based on a story by <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>. It is the second installment in the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones" title="Indiana Jones"><i>Indiana Jones</i> film series</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Prequel" title="Prequel">prequel</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></i>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a>, who reprises his role as the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_(character)" title="Indiana Jones (character)">title character</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kate_Capshaw" title="Kate Capshaw">Kate Capshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amrish_Puri" title="Amrish Puri">Amrish Puri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roshan_Seth" title="Roshan Seth">Roshan Seth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Stone" title="Philip Stone">Philip Stone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ke_Huy_Quan" title="Ke Huy Quan">Ke Huy Quan</a>, in his film debut, star in supporting roles. In the film, after arriving in <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, Indiana Jones is asked by desperate villagers to find a mystical stone and rescue their children from a <a href="/wiki/Thuggee" title="Thuggee">Thuggee</a> cult practicing <a href="/wiki/Child_slavery" title="Child slavery">child slavery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_magic" title="Black magic">black magic</a>, and ritual <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifice</a> in honor of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>.<br /><br />Not wishing to feature the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a> as the villains again, executive producer and story writer George Lucas decided to regard this film as a prequel. Three <a href="/wiki/Plot_device" title="Plot device">plot devices</a> were rejected before Lucas wrote a <a href="/wiki/Film_treatment" title="Film treatment">film treatment</a> that resembled the final storyline. As <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a>, Lucas's collaborator on <i>Raiders of the Lost Ark</i>, turned down the offer to write the script, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Huyck" title="Willard Huyck">Willard Huyck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Katz" title="Gloria Katz">Gloria Katz</a>, who had previously worked with Lucas on <i><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a></i> (1973), were hired as his replacements. (<b><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Beetlejuice is a 1988 American gothic dark fantasy comedy horror film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay by Michael McDowell and Warren Skaaren based on a story by McDowell and Larry Wilson. The film stars Michael Keaton as the title character, along with Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Jeffrey Jones, Catherine O'Hara, and Winona Ryder. The plot revolves around a recently deceased couple. As ghosts, they are not allowed to leave their house. They contact Betelgeuse, a sleazy "bio-exorcist", to scare the house's new inhabitants away. The film prominently features music from Harry Belafonte's albums Calypso and Jump Up Calypso. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 8 Beetlejuice is a 1988 American gothic dark fantasy comedy horror film directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay by Michael McDowell and Warren Skaaren based on a story by McDowell and Larry Wilson. The film stars Michael Keaton as the title character, along with Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Jeffrey Jones, Catherine O'Hara, and Winona Ryder. The plot revolves around a recently deceased couple. As ghosts, they are not allowed to leave their house. They contact Betelgeuse, a sleazy "bio-exorcist", to scare the house's new inhabitants away. The film prominently features music from Harry Belafonte's albums Calypso and Jump Up Calypso. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a></b></i> is a 1988 American <a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">dark fantasy</a> <a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">comedy horror</a> film directed by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> from a screenplay by <a href="/wiki/Michael_McDowell_(author)" title="Michael McDowell (author)">Michael McDowell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Skaaren" title="Warren Skaaren">Warren Skaaren</a> based on a story by McDowell and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Wilson_(screenwriter)" title="Larry Wilson (screenwriter)">Larry Wilson</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> as the title character, along with <a href="/wiki/Alec_Baldwin" title="Alec Baldwin">Alec Baldwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geena_Davis" title="Geena Davis">Geena Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Jones" title="Jeffrey Jones">Jeffrey Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_O%27Hara" title="Catherine O'Hara">Catherine O'Hara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Winona_Ryder" title="Winona Ryder">Winona Ryder</a>.<br /><br />The plot revolves around a recently deceased couple. As <a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">ghosts</a>, they are not allowed to leave their house. They contact Betelgeuse, a sleazy "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bio-" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:bio-">bio</a>-<a href="/wiki/Exorcist" title="Exorcist">exorcist</a>", to scare the house's new inhabitants away. The film prominently features music from <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>'s albums <i><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(album)" title="Calypso (album)">Calypso</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Jump_Up_Calypso" title="Jump Up Calypso">Jump Up Calypso</a></i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Kids Can Say No!, stylized as Kids Can Say No, is a 1985 British short educational film produced and directed by Jessica Skippon and written by Anita Bennett. It is intended to teach children between ages five and eight how to avoid situations where they might be sexually abused, how to escape such situations, and how to get help if they are abused. In the film, Australian celebrity Rolf Harris is in a park with a group of four children and tells them about proper and improper physical intimacy, which he calls "yes" and "no" feelings. The film has four role-playing scenes in which children encounter paedophiles, with Harris and the children discussing each scene. Harris said that he came up with the idea for the film on a 1982 Canadian tour when he saw Vancouver's Green Thumb Theatre production of Feeling Yes, Feeling No, a play about child sexual abuse. Kids Can Say No!, released in October 1985 on VHS in the United Kingdom, was the first British children's film about sexual abuse and was purchased by police forces, educational institutions, and libraries across Europe. Upon the film's release, The Times obtained opinions from four sexual-abuse experts, who unanimously opposed using Kids Can Say No! or any other film to teach children about the subject. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation received a positive response to its 1988 broadcast of Kids Can Say No! and therefore broadcast it a second time that year. Harris and Skippon collaborated on the 1986 sequel Beyond the Scare, which advises teachers about what to do if a child discloses abuse. Showings of Kids Can Say No! eventually decreased as VHS became less popular in favour of DVD-Video in the late 1990s and early to mid-2000s. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 9 Kids Can Say No!, stylized as Kids Can Say No, is a 1985 British short educational film produced and directed by Jessica Skippon and written by Anita Bennett. It is intended to teach children between ages five and eight how to avoid situations where they might be sexually abused, how to escape such situations, and how to get help if they are abused. In the film, Australian celebrity Rolf Harris is in a park with a group of four children and tells them about proper and improper physical intimacy, which he calls "yes" and "no" feelings. The film has four role-playing scenes in which children encounter paedophiles, with Harris and the children discussing each scene. Harris said that he came up with the idea for the film on a 1982 Canadian tour when he saw Vancouver's Green Thumb Theatre production of Feeling Yes, Feeling No, a play about child sexual abuse. Kids Can Say No!, released in October 1985 on VHS in the United Kingdom, was the first British children's film about sexual abuse and was purchased by police forces, educational institutions, and libraries across Europe. Upon the film's release, The Times obtained opinions from four sexual-abuse experts, who unanimously opposed using Kids Can Say No! or any other film to teach children about the subject. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation received a positive response to its 1988 broadcast of Kids Can Say No! and therefore broadcast it a second time that year. Harris and Skippon collaborated on the 1986 sequel Beyond the Scare, which advises teachers about what to do if a child discloses abuse. Showings of Kids Can Say No! eventually decreased as VHS became less popular in favour of DVD-Video in the late 1990s and early to mid-2000s. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kids_Can_Say_No!" title="Kids Can Say No!">Kids Can Say No!</a></b></i>, stylized as <i><b>Kids Can Say <u>No</u></b>,</i> is a 1985 <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short</a> <a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">educational film</a> produced and directed by Jessica Skippon and written by Anita Bennett. It is intended to teach children between ages five and eight how to avoid situations where they might be <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexually abused</a>, how to escape such situations, and how to get help if they are abused. In the film, Australian celebrity <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris">Rolf Harris</a> is in a park with a group of four children and tells them about proper and improper <a href="/wiki/Physical_intimacy" title="Physical intimacy">physical intimacy</a>, which he calls "yes" and "no" feelings. The film has four <a href="/wiki/Role-playing" title="Role-playing">role-playing</a> scenes in which children encounter <a href="/wiki/Pedophilia" title="Pedophilia">paedophiles</a>, with Harris and the children discussing each scene.<br /><br />Harris said that he came up with the idea for the film on a 1982 Canadian tour when he saw <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Green_Thumb_Theatre" title="Green Thumb Theatre">Green Thumb Theatre</a> production of <i><a href="/wiki/Feeling_Yes,_Feeling_No" title="Feeling Yes, Feeling No">Feeling Yes, Feeling No</a></i>, a play about <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a>. <i>Kids Can Say No!</i>, released in October 1985 on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> in the United Kingdom, was the first British <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">children's film</a> about sexual abuse and was purchased by police forces, educational institutions, and libraries across Europe. Upon the film's release, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> obtained opinions from four sexual-abuse experts, who unanimously opposed using <i>Kids Can Say No!</i> or any other film to teach children about the subject. The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> received a positive response to its 1988 broadcast of <i>Kids Can Say No!</i> and therefore broadcast it a second time that year. Harris and Skippon collaborated on the 1986 sequel <i>Beyond the Scare</i>, which advises teachers about what to do if a child discloses abuse. Showings of <i>Kids Can Say No!</i> eventually decreased as VHS became less popular in favour of <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD-Video</a> in the late 1990s and early to mid-2000s. (<b><a href="/wiki/Kids_Can_Say_No!" title="Kids Can Say No!">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 White Dog is a 1982 American drama horror film directed by Samuel Fuller and written by Fuller and Curtis Hanson, based on Romain Gary's 1970 novel of the same title. The film depicts the struggle of a dog trainer named Keys (Paul Winfield), who is black, trying to retrain a stray dog found by a young actress (Kristy McNichol), that is a "white dog"—a dog trained to make vicious attacks upon, and to kill, any black person. Fuller uses the film as a platform to deliver a message against racism as it examines the question of whether racism is a treatable problem or an incurable condition. The film's theatrical release was suppressed for a week in the United States by Paramount Pictures out of concern over negative press after rumors began circulating that the film was racist. Prior to the date, it was released internationally in France in July 1982. Its first official American home video release came in December 2008 when The Criterion Collection released the original uncut film to DVD. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 10 White Dog is a 1982 American drama horror film directed by Samuel Fuller and written by Fuller and Curtis Hanson, based on Romain Gary's 1970 novel of the same title. The film depicts the struggle of a dog trainer named Keys (Paul Winfield), who is black, trying to retrain a stray dog found by a young actress (Kristy McNichol), that is a "white dog"—a dog trained to make vicious attacks upon, and to kill, any black person. Fuller uses the film as a platform to deliver a message against racism as it examines the question of whether racism is a treatable problem or an incurable condition. The film's theatrical release was suppressed for a week in the United States by Paramount Pictures out of concern over negative press after rumors began circulating that the film was racist. Prior to the date, it was released internationally in France in July 1982. Its first official American home video release came in December 2008 when The Criterion Collection released the original uncut film to DVD. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/White_Dog_(1982_film)" title="White Dog (1982 film)"><i>White Dog</i></a></b> is a 1982 American <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a> <a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">horror</a> film directed by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fuller" title="Samuel Fuller">Samuel Fuller</a> and written by Fuller and <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Romain_Gary" title="Romain Gary">Romain Gary</a>'s 1970 novel of the <a href="/wiki/White_Dog_(Gary_novel)" title="White Dog (Gary novel)">same title</a>. The film depicts the struggle of a dog trainer named Keys (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Winfield" title="Paul Winfield">Paul Winfield</a>), who is <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">black</a>, trying to retrain a stray dog found by a young actress (<a href="/wiki/Kristy_McNichol" title="Kristy McNichol">Kristy McNichol</a>), that is a "white dog"—a dog trained to make vicious attacks upon, and to kill, any black person. Fuller uses the film as a platform to deliver a message against racism as it examines the question of whether racism is a treatable problem or an incurable condition.<br /><br />The film's theatrical release was suppressed for a week in the United States by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> out of concern over negative press after rumors began circulating that the film was racist. Prior to the date, it was released internationally in France in July 1982. Its first official American home video release came in December 2008 when <a href="/wiki/The_Criterion_Collection" title="The Criterion Collection">The Criterion Collection</a> released the original uncut film to DVD. (<b><a href="/wiki/White_Dog_(1982_film)" title="White Dog (1982 film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Payanangal Mudivathillai (transl. Journeys never end) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by R. Sundarrajan. The film stars Mohan and Poornima Jayaram, with Rajini, S. Ve. Shekher, Poornam Viswanathan, Rajesh and Goundamani in supporting roles. Its plot revolves around a woman who falls in love with a singer whom she helped to rise to fame but struggles to declare her love for him. Payanangal Mudivathillai is Sundarrajan's directorial debut and the inaugural venture of Kovaithambi's Motherland Pictures. The film was produced by R. Elanchelian, Pollachi M. V. Rathinam and P. Muthusamy. Ilaiyaraaja composed the music and S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and S. Janaki performed the songs. Cinematography was handled by Kasthuri and the editing by R. Bhaskaran. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 11 Payanangal Mudivathillai (transl. Journeys never end) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by R. Sundarrajan. The film stars Mohan and Poornima Jayaram, with Rajini, S. Ve. Shekher, Poornam Viswanathan, Rajesh and Goundamani in supporting roles. Its plot revolves around a woman who falls in love with a singer whom she helped to rise to fame but struggles to declare her love for him. Payanangal Mudivathillai is Sundarrajan's directorial debut and the inaugural venture of Kovaithambi's Motherland Pictures. The film was produced by R. Elanchelian, Pollachi M. V. Rathinam and P. Muthusamy. Ilaiyaraaja composed the music and S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and S. Janaki performed the songs. Cinematography was handled by Kasthuri and the editing by R. Bhaskaran. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Payanangal_Mudivathillai" title="Payanangal Mudivathillai">Payanangal Mudivathillai</a></b></i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> Journeys never end</span>) is a 1982 Indian <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>-language <a href="/wiki/Romantic_drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic drama film">romantic drama film</a> written and directed by <a href="/wiki/R._Sundarrajan" title="R. Sundarrajan">R. Sundarrajan</a>. The film stars <a href="/wiki/Mohan_(actor)" title="Mohan (actor)">Mohan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poornima_Bhagyaraj" title="Poornima Bhagyaraj">Poornima Jayaram</a>, with Rajini, <a href="/wiki/S._Ve._Shekher" title="S. Ve. Shekher">S. Ve. Shekher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poornam_Viswanathan" title="Poornam Viswanathan">Poornam Viswanathan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajesh_(Tamil_actor)" title="Rajesh (Tamil actor)">Rajesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goundamani" title="Goundamani">Goundamani</a> in supporting roles. Its plot revolves around a woman who falls in love with a singer whom she helped to rise to fame but struggles to declare her love for him.<br /><br /><i>Payanangal Mudivathillai</i> is Sundarrajan's directorial debut and the inaugural venture of <a href="/wiki/Kovaithambi" title="Kovaithambi">Kovaithambi</a>'s Motherland Pictures. The film was produced by R. Elanchelian, Pollachi M. V. Rathinam and P. Muthusamy. <a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a> composed the music and <a href="/wiki/S._P._Balasubrahmanyam" title="S. P. Balasubrahmanyam">S. P. Balasubrahmanyam</a> and <a href="/wiki/S._Janaki" title="S. Janaki">S. Janaki</a> performed the songs. Cinematography was handled by Kasthuri and the editing by R. Bhaskaran. (<b><a href="/wiki/Payanangal_Mudivathillai" title="Payanangal Mudivathillai">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Begotten is a 1989 American experimental silent horror film written, directed, and produced by E. Elias Merhige (credited as Edmund E. Merhige). It stars Brian Salsberg, Donna Dempsy, Stephen Charles Barry, and members of Theatreofmaterial, Merhige's theatre company. Its unconventional narrative depicts the suicide of a godlike figure and the resulting births of Mother Earth and the Son of Earth, who travel across a barren landscape. The film does not contain dialogue, relying on a visual style evoking early silent films. The film draws on creation myths in Christian mythology, Celtic mythology and Slavic paganism, and narrative motifs and religious imagery that reoccur throughout Merhige's work. Other influences include the avant-garde artist Antonin Artaud and the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The film's imagery was inspired by Georges Franju's Blood of the Beasts, Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, Stan Brakhage's The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes, and The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 12 Begotten is a 1989 American experimental silent horror film written, directed, and produced by E. Elias Merhige (credited as Edmund E. Merhige). It stars Brian Salsberg, Donna Dempsy, Stephen Charles Barry, and members of Theatreofmaterial, Merhige's theatre company. Its unconventional narrative depicts the suicide of a godlike figure and the resulting births of Mother Earth and the Son of Earth, who travel across a barren landscape. The film does not contain dialogue, relying on a visual style evoking early silent films. The film draws on creation myths in Christian mythology, Celtic mythology and Slavic paganism, and narrative motifs and religious imagery that reoccur throughout Merhige's work. Other influences include the avant-garde artist Antonin Artaud and the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The film's imagery was inspired by Georges Franju's Blood of the Beasts, Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai, Stan Brakhage's The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes, and The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Begotten_(film)" title="Begotten (film)"><i>Begotten</i></a></b> is a 1989 American <a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">experimental</a> <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent</a> <a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">horror film</a> written, directed, and produced by <a href="/wiki/E._Elias_Merhige" title="E. Elias Merhige">E. Elias Merhige</a> (credited as Edmund E. Merhige). It stars Brian Salsberg, Donna Dempsy, Stephen Charles Barry, and members of Theatreofmaterial, Merhige's theatre company. Its unconventional narrative depicts the suicide of a godlike figure and the resulting births of Mother Earth and the Son of Earth, who travel across a barren landscape. The film does not contain dialogue, relying on a visual style evoking early <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent films</a>.<br /><br />The film draws on <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation myths</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Christian mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic paganism</a>, and narrative motifs and religious imagery that reoccur throughout Merhige's work. Other influences include the <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Antonin Artaud</a> and the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>. The film's imagery was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Franju" title="Georges Franju">Georges Franju</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_of_the_Beasts" title="Blood of the Beasts">Blood of the Beasts</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Samurai" title="Seven Samurai">Seven Samurai</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Brakhage" title="Stan Brakhage">Stan Brakhage</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Act_of_Seeing_with_One%27s_Own_Eyes" title="The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes">The Act of Seeing with One's Own Eyes</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabinet_of_Dr._Caligari" title="The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari">The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari</a></i>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Begotten_(film)" title="Begotten (film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Hey Good Lookin' is a 1982 American adult animated coming of age comedy-drama film written, directed, and produced by Ralph Bakshi. The film takes place in Brooklyn during the 1950s and focuses on Vinnie, the leader of a gang named the Stompers, his friend Crazy Shapiro, and their respective girlfriends Roz and Eva. The film stars the voices of Richard Romanus, David Proval, Tina Bowman, and Jesse Welles. The film was first completed in 1975 as a live-action/animated film, in which only the main characters were animated and the rest were portrayed by live actors, but the film's release was pushed back, and later postponed indefinitely. Warner Bros. claimed that this version of the film was unsatisfactory; concerns about the backlash against Coonskin were also cited. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 13 Hey Good Lookin' is a 1982 American adult animated coming of age comedy-drama film written, directed, and produced by Ralph Bakshi. The film takes place in Brooklyn during the 1950s and focuses on Vinnie, the leader of a gang named the Stompers, his friend Crazy Shapiro, and their respective girlfriends Roz and Eva. The film stars the voices of Richard Romanus, David Proval, Tina Bowman, and Jesse Welles. The film was first completed in 1975 as a live-action/animated film, in which only the main characters were animated and the rest were portrayed by live actors, but the film's release was pushed back, and later postponed indefinitely. Warner Bros. claimed that this version of the film was unsatisfactory; concerns about the backlash against Coonskin were also cited. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Hey_Good_Lookin%27_(film)" title="Hey Good Lookin' (film)"><i>Hey Good Lookin<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></i></a></b> is a 1982 American <a href="/wiki/Adult_animation" title="Adult animation">adult animated</a> <a href="/wiki/Coming_of_age_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming of age film">coming of age</a> <a href="/wiki/Comedy-drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy-drama film">comedy-drama film</a> written, directed, and produced by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a>. The film takes place in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> during the 1950s and focuses on Vinnie, the leader of a gang named the Stompers, his friend Crazy Shapiro, and their respective girlfriends Roz and Eva. The film stars the voices of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Romanus" title="Richard Romanus">Richard Romanus</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Proval" title="David Proval">David Proval</a>, Tina Bowman, and <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Welles_(actress)" title="Jesse Welles (actress)">Jesse Welles</a>.<br /><br />The film was first completed in 1975 as a <a href="/wiki/Live-action/animated_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Live-action/animated film">live-action/animated film</a>, in which only the main characters were animated and the rest were portrayed by live actors, but the film's release was pushed back, and later postponed indefinitely. <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> claimed that this version of the film was unsatisfactory; concerns about the backlash against <i><a href="/wiki/Coonskin_(film)" title="Coonskin (film)">Coonskin</a></i> were also cited. (<b><a href="/wiki/Hey_Good_Lookin%27_(film)" title="Hey Good Lookin' (film)">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Lupo the Butcher is a 1987 Canadian adult animated short comedy film directed and written by Danny Antonucci. The short follows the story of a butcher who has a huge temper and swears at his meat when the smallest things go wrong. Produced by Marv Newland's International Rocketship Limited, Lupo the Butcher was a successful short and has earned itself a cult following. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 14 Lupo the Butcher is a 1987 Canadian adult animated short comedy film directed and written by Danny Antonucci. The short follows the story of a butcher who has a huge temper and swears at his meat when the smallest things go wrong. Produced by Marv Newland's International Rocketship Limited, Lupo the Butcher was a successful short and has earned itself a cult following. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lupo_the_Butcher" title="Lupo the Butcher">Lupo the Butcher</a></b></i> is a 1987 Canadian <a href="/wiki/Adult_animation" title="Adult animation">adult animated</a> <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short</a> <a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">comedy film</a> directed and written by <a href="/wiki/Danny_Antonucci" title="Danny Antonucci">Danny Antonucci</a>. The short follows the story of a butcher who has a huge temper and swears at his meat when the smallest things go wrong. Produced by <a href="/wiki/Marv_Newland" title="Marv Newland">Marv Newland</a>'s International Rocketship Limited, <i>Lupo the Butcher</i> was a successful short and has earned itself a <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Lupo_the_Butcher" title="Lupo the Butcher">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation is a 1986 animated musical fantasy film produced by LBS Communications and Nelvana Limited, and released by Columbia Pictures. It is the third animated feature from Nelvana and the second film based on the Care Bears franchise. It was directed by Dale Schott, written by Peter Sauder, and produced by Nelvana's three founders; Michael Hirsh, Patrick Loubert, and Clive A. Smith. It stars the voices of Alyson Court, Cree Summer, Maxine Miller and Hadley Kay. In the story, The Great Wishing Star (voiced by Chris Wiggins) tells the origins of the Care Bears and the story of their first Caring Mission. True Heart Bear and Noble Heart Horse lead the other Care Bears and Care Bear Cousins in aiding Christy, a young camper who is tempted by the evil shape-shifting Dark Heart. This is also the first appearance of the Care Bear Cubs, who also had their own line of toys. A New Generation was made over a seven-month period at Nelvana's Toronto facilities, with additional work handled by Taiwan's Wang Film Productions, and involved several crew members who had worked on the original Care Bears Movie. Patricia Cullen served as composer, and Los Angeles musicians Dean and Carol Parks worked on the film's six songs. (Full article...)"><img alt="Image 15 Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation is a 1986 animated musical fantasy film produced by LBS Communications and Nelvana Limited, and released by Columbia Pictures. It is the third animated feature from Nelvana and the second film based on the Care Bears franchise. It was directed by Dale Schott, written by Peter Sauder, and produced by Nelvana's three founders; Michael Hirsh, Patrick Loubert, and Clive A. Smith. It stars the voices of Alyson Court, Cree Summer, Maxine Miller and Hadley Kay. In the story, The Great Wishing Star (voiced by Chris Wiggins) tells the origins of the Care Bears and the story of their first Caring Mission. True Heart Bear and Noble Heart Horse lead the other Care Bears and Care Bear Cousins in aiding Christy, a young camper who is tempted by the evil shape-shifting Dark Heart. This is also the first appearance of the Care Bear Cubs, who also had their own line of toys. A New Generation was made over a seven-month period at Nelvana's Toronto facilities, with additional work handled by Taiwan's Wang Film Productions, and involved several crew members who had worked on the original Care Bears Movie. Patricia Cullen served as composer, and Los Angeles musicians Dean and Carol Parks worked on the film's six songs. (Full article...)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div style="text-align:left;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Care_Bears_Movie_II:_A_New_Generation" title="Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation">Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation</a></b></i> is a 1986 <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animated</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">musical</a> <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">fantasy film</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Broadcast_Services_Company" title="Lexington Broadcast Services Company">LBS Communications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelvana_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelvana Limited">Nelvana Limited</a>, and released by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a>. It is the third animated feature from Nelvana and the second film based on the <a href="/wiki/Care_Bears" title="Care Bears">Care Bears</a> franchise. It was directed by Dale Schott, written by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sauder" title="Peter Sauder">Peter Sauder</a>, and produced by Nelvana's three founders; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hirsh_(producer)" title="Michael Hirsh (producer)">Michael Hirsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Loubert" title="Patrick Loubert">Patrick Loubert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clive_A._Smith" title="Clive A. Smith">Clive A. Smith</a>. It stars the voices of <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Court" title="Alyson Court">Alyson Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cree_Summer" title="Cree Summer">Cree Summer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Miller" title="Maxine Miller">Maxine Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadley_Kay" title="Hadley Kay">Hadley Kay</a>. In the story, The Great Wishing Star (voiced by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Wiggins" title="Chris Wiggins">Chris Wiggins</a>) tells the origins of the Care Bears and the story of their first Caring Mission. True Heart Bear and Noble Heart Horse lead the other Care Bears and Care Bear Cousins in aiding Christy, a young camper who is tempted by the evil shape-shifting Dark Heart. This is also the first appearance of the Care Bear Cubs, who also had their own line of toys.<br /><br /><i>A New Generation</i> was made over a seven-month period at Nelvana's <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> facilities, with additional work handled by Taiwan's <a href="/wiki/Wang_Film_Productions" title="Wang Film Productions">Wang Film Productions</a>, and involved several crew members who had worked on the original <i><a href="/wiki/The_Care_Bears_Movie" title="The Care Bears Movie">Care Bears Movie</a></i>. Patricia Cullen served as composer, and Los Angeles musicians <a href="/wiki/Dean_Parks" title="Dean Parks">Dean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carol_Parks" title="Carol Parks">Carol Parks</a> worked on the film's six songs. (<b><a href="/wiki/Care_Bears_Movie_II:_A_New_Generation" title="Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation">Full article...</a></b>)</div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/Films" title="Portal:1980s/Films">More 1980s film articles</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:#000;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:#000;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3A1980s%2FDid_you_know%2F4&action=edit"><span style="color:#000">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="More_did_you_know..." style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:#000;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">More did you know...</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td align="center">... that in 1982, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> gained official independence from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>? </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s/Did_you_know" title="Portal:1980s/Did you know">Other "Did you know" facts...</a></b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">Read more...</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3A1980s&action=edit"><span 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/25px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/38px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/25px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/50px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/9px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/18px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/22px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/34px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Klepsydra-pt.svg/44px-Klepsydra-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="275" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Modern_history" title="Portal:Modern history">Modern history</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Radio_icon.png/27px-Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="22" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Radio" title="Portal:Radio">Radio</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/27px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/41px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/54px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/20px-Guitar_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/30px-Guitar_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/40px-Guitar_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="886" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Rock music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/27px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/41px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/54px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/27px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/41px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/54px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/27px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/41px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/54px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/25px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/38px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/50px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_games" title="Portal:Video games">Video games</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Trumpet01.svg/27px-Trumpet01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Trumpet01.svg/41px-Trumpet01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Trumpet01.svg/54px-Trumpet01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="170" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1920s" title="Portal:1920s">1920s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg/19px-Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg/29px-Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg/38px-Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6205" data-file-height="8066" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1930s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:1930s">1930s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/27px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/41px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/54px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2326" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1940s" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:1940s">1940s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/15px-Fifties_jukebox.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/23px-Fifties_jukebox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Fifties_jukebox.png/30px-Fifties_jukebox.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="493" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1950s" title="Portal:1950s">1950s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/27px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/41px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/54px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._Smiley_Face.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/25px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" 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crimes</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_disasters" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_disasters" title="Category:1980s disasters">1980s disasters</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_in_economic_history" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_economic_history" title="Category:1980s in economic history">1980s in economic history</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a 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trends">1980s fads and trends</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_fashion" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_fashion" title="Category:1980s fashion">1980s fashion</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_festivals" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_festivals" title="Category:1980s festivals">1980s festivals</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" 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politics</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_in_religion" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_religion" title="Category:1980s in religion">1980s in religion</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_in_science" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_science" title="Category:1980s in science">1980s in science</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_in_sports" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_sports" title="Category:1980s in sports">1980s in sports</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_in_technology" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_technology" title="Category:1980s in technology">1980s in technology</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_timelines" title="Category:1980s timelines">1980s timelines</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_toys" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_toys" title="Category:1980s toys">1980s toys</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_in_transport" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_transport" title="Category:1980s in transport">1980s in transport</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_in_women's_history" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_women%27s_history" title="Category:1980s in women's history">1980s in women's history</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_works" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_works" title="Category:1980s works">1980s works</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_in_professional_wrestling" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_professional_wrestling" title="Category:1980s in professional wrestling">1980s in professional wrestling</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div class="portal-column-left"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3A1980s&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="WikiProjects" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">WikiProjects</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F5;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr style="background:azure;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Md_apr2004_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/85px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/128px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Md_apr2004_4.jpg/170px-Md_apr2004_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">You are invited to participate in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History">WikiProject History</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject" 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If interested, add your name to our <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_History/Outreach/Participants" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject History/Outreach/Participants">list of members</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr style="background:azure;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hourglass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hourglass.svg/85px-Hourglass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hourglass.svg/128px-Hourglass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hourglass.svg/170px-Hourglass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="315" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">You are invited to participate in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Years" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Years">WikiProject Years</a>, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about years, decades, centuries, and millennia.<br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div class="portal-column-right"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="List_articles" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">List articles</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F5;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C_Puzzle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Category puzzle"><img alt="Category puzzle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/42px-C_Puzzle.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/63px-C_Puzzle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/84px-C_Puzzle.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Category puzzle</figcaption></figure> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small>Select [►] to view subcategories</small></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s-related_lists" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s-related_lists" title="Category:1980s-related lists">1980s-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980-related_lists" title="Category:1980-related lists">1980-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1981-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1981-related_lists" title="Category:1981-related lists">1981-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1982-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1982-related_lists" title="Category:1982-related lists">1982-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1983-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1983-related_lists" title="Category:1983-related lists">1983-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1984-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1984-related_lists" title="Category:1984-related lists">1984-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1985-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1985-related_lists" title="Category:1985-related lists">1985-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1986-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1986-related_lists" title="Category:1986-related lists">1986-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1987-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1987-related_lists" title="Category:1987-related lists">1987-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1988-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1988-related_lists" title="Category:1988-related lists">1988-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1989-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1989-related_lists" title="Category:1989-related lists">1989-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Lists_of_1980s_films" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_1980s_films" title="Category:Lists of 1980s films">Lists of 1980s films</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_politics-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_politics-related_lists" title="Category:1980s politics-related lists">1980s politics-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="1980s_record_charts" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_record_charts" title="Category:1980s record charts">1980s record charts</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_television-related_lists" title="Category:1980s television-related lists">1980s television-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both; width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#D98282;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #BFA3A3;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#FFF5F5;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:1980s"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:1980s" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:1980s">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/1980s">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/1980s">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/1980s">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/1980s">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/1980s">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/1980s">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/1980s"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" 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id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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