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When you buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you. <a href="/affiliate-disclaimer-reviews-policy/" class="underline" target="_blank">Learn more</a>. </div> <h1 class="the-title"> Polycystic Kidney Disease in Cats: Our Vet Explains the Signs, Causes & Treatment </h1> <div class="article-excerpt"> <h2> </h2> </div> <div class="featured-image"> <picture class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock.jpg.webp 1000w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-600x400.jpg.webp 600w, 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</picture> <noscript><picture class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock.jpg.webp 1000w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-600x400.jpg.webp 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-800x534.jpg.webp 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-768x512.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-250x167.jpg.webp 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"/> <img width="1000" height="667" src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock.jpg" alt="Veteterinarian explaining to woman cat medical condition" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock.jpg 1000w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-800x534.jpg 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Veteterinarian-explaining-to-woman-cat-medical-condition-Nestor-Rizhniak-Shutterstock-250x167.jpg 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"/> </picture> </noscript> <p class="thumbnail-caption"> Image Credit: Nestor Rizhniak, Shutterstock </p> </div> <a href="https://www.catster.com/author/dr-marti-dudley/" class="author" target="_blank" > <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-user-circle"></i>Written by: <span class="underline" style="padding-left:3px;">Dr. Marti Dudley, DVM (Vet)</span> </a> <div class="last-updated"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-calendar"></i><p class="post-modified-info">Last Updated on October 4, 2024 by <a href="https://www.catster.com/author/catedit/" target="_blank" class="last-modified-author">Catster Editorial Team</a></p> </div> <div class="follow-us"> </div> <div class="share-bar"> <script> jQuery(function () { jQuery('.share-btn a').click(function () { event.preventDefault(); var href = 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href="#What_Is_Polycystic_Kidney_Disease">Overview</a><br /> <a href="#What_Causes_Polycystic_Kidney_Disease">Causes</a><br /> <a href="#What_Are_the_Signs_of_PKD">Signs</a><br /> <a href="#Diagnosing_PKD_in_Cats">Diagnosis</a><br /> <a href="#How_Is_PKD_treated">Treatment</a><br /> <a href="#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQ">FAQ</a><br /> </div> </div> </div> <p>Most cat owners are familiar with the term chronic renal disease, as it is a widely common disease process that impacts a large portion of senior cats. Less well-known may be polycystic kidney disease or PKD. Polycystic kidney disease, or PKD, is a devastating disease that impacts the kidneys of cats and can lead to kidney failure. Continue reading to learn more about this disease process and its impact on the cat community.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-589042" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201200%20120'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="divider 3 paws" width="1200" height="120" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07.png 1200w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07-600x60.png 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07-800x80.png 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07-768x77.png 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07-250x25.png 250w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" data-lazy-src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07.png" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-589042" src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07.png" alt="divider 3 paws" width="1200" height="120" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07.png 1200w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07-600x60.png 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07-800x80.png 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07-768x77.png 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-07-250x25.png 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript></p> <h2><span id="What_Is_Polycystic_Kidney_Disease">What Is Polycystic Kidney Disease?</span></h2> <p>Polycystic kidney disease, or PKD, is an inherited disease that results in the development of cysts within and on the kidneys. The development of cysts replaces normally functioning kidney tissue, therefore putting a strain on the functionality of the kidneys. Cysts can start to develop in very young kittens. However, these cysts may not be easily palpable if the growth starts within the kidney around the renal pelvis. Over time, as more cysts develop, patients with PKD can develop renal failure, otherwise known as renal disease. Unlike typical chronic renal failure seen in geriatric cats, PKD cats generally develop kidney disease or failure at a younger age of 7 years.</p><div></div> <p><a href="https://www.catster.com/cat-breeds/persian-cat/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="internal">Persian cats</a> are the breed most likely to be affected; however, PKD can occur in other Persian-related breeds. Unfortunately, PKD typically involves both kidneys. Cats with PKD may also develop cysts in their liver and pancreas. PKD is also correlated with cardiac disease.</p> <h2><span id="What_Causes_Polycystic_Kidney_Disease">What Causes Polycystic Kidney Disease?</span></h2> <p>PKD is an inherited genetic disease caused by an abnormal gene mutation. More specifically, PKD is the result of one dominant abnormality. Because the abnormality is dominant, cats with this gene mutation will develop PKD. Although PKD will develop, the rate of progression varies and cannot be predicted.</p> <p>Kittens who have inherited this gene mutation from both parents typically experience fetal death.</p> <p>It should be noted that other abnormalities may lead to PKD, as this has been documented in cats that have tested negative for the PKD gene abnormality.</p> <figure id="attachment_600016" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-600016" style="width: 800px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><picture decoding="async" class="wp-image-600016 size-large"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-800x534.jpg.webp 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-600x400.jpg.webp 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-768x512.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-250x167.jpg.webp 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1.jpg.webp 1000w" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20534'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"/> <img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20534'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="cat outside the litter box" width="800" height="534" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-250x167.jpg 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1.jpg 1000w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" data-lazy-src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-800x534.jpg"/> </picture> <noscript><picture decoding="async" class="wp-image-600016 size-large"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-800x534.jpg.webp 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-600x400.jpg.webp 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-768x512.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-250x167.jpg.webp 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"/> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-800x534.jpg" alt="cat outside the litter box" width="800" height="534" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-600x400.jpg 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1-250x167.jpg 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cat-outside-the-litter-box_Jennifer-McCallum_Shutterstock-1.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"/> </picture> </noscript><figcaption id="caption-attachment-600016" class="wp-caption-text">Image Credit: Jennifer McCallum, Shutterstock</figcaption></figure> <h2><span id="What_Are_the_Signs_of_PKD">What Are the Signs of PKD?</span></h2> <p>It is important to note that clinical signs of PKD are not noticeable until the kidneys have begun to dysfunction. The signs of PKD are the same as those of chronic kidney disease, as seen below:</p> <div class="su-list" style="margin-left:0px"> <ul> <li><i class="sui sui-ban" style="color:#BE3A3E"></i> Increase in urination</li> <li><i class="sui sui-ban" style="color:#BE3A3E"></i> Increase in water intake</li> <li><i class="sui sui-ban" style="color:#BE3A3E"></i> Weight loss</li> <li><i class="sui sui-ban" style="color:#BE3A3E"></i> <a href="https://www.catster.com/cat-behavior/why-has-my-cat-suddenly-stopped-eating/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="internal">Change in appetite</a></li> <li><i class="sui sui-ban" style="color:#BE3A3E"></i> Vomiting</li> <li><i class="sui sui-ban" style="color:#BE3A3E"></i> Dehydration</li> <li><i class="sui sui-ban" style="color:#BE3A3E"></i> Lethargy</li> <li><i class="sui sui-ban" style="color:#BE3A3E"></i> Pale mucus membranes</li> </ul> </div> <p>Seek veterinary advice if you’re concerned about your pet’s well-being.</p> <div class="su-box su-box-style-default pangovet-mention-box" id="" style="border-color:#272470;border-radius:3px"><div class="su-box-title" style="background-color:#5a57a3;color:#FFFFFF;border-top-left-radius:1px;border-top-right-radius:1px">💛 😺 Speak To a Vet Online From the Comfort of Your Couch!</div><div class="su-box-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim" style="border-bottom-left-radius:1px;border-bottom-right-radius:1px"> <picture decoding="async" style="margin-bottom: 15px;" class="aligncenter wp-image-3542157"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PangoVet_Mention-in-Content_v9_Jun-24-2024.png.webp" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20375%20285'%3E%3C/svg%3E"/> <img width="375" height="285" decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20375%20285'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="PangoVet" data-lazy-src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PangoVet_Mention-in-Content_v9_Jun-24-2024.png"/> </picture> <noscript><picture decoding="async" style="margin-bottom: 15px;" class="aligncenter wp-image-3542157"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PangoVet_Mention-in-Content_v9_Jun-24-2024.png.webp"/> <img width="375" height="285" decoding="async" src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PangoVet_Mention-in-Content_v9_Jun-24-2024.png" alt="PangoVet"/> </picture> </noscript> <p style="font-weight: 500; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5; font-size: medium !important; margin-bottom: 20px;">If you need to speak with a vet but can’t get to one, head over to <a href="https://pangovet.com?utm_source=catster&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=cat-infection-illness" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank"><b>PangoVet</b></a>. It’s an online service where you can <b>talk to a vet online</b> and get the personalized advice you need for your pet — all at an affordable price! </p> <div class="su-button-center"><a href="https://pangovet.com?utm_source=catster&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=cat-infection-illness" class="su-button su-button-style-default" style="color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#FF6600;border-color:#cc5200;border-radius:9px" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-wpel-link="external"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;padding:0px 24px;font-size:18px;line-height:36px;border-color:#ff944d;border-radius:9px;text-shadow:none"> Click to Speak With a Vet</span></a></div></div></div> <h2><span id="Diagnosing_PKD_in_Cats">Diagnosing PKD in Cats</span></h2> <p>Diagnosing PKD in cats involves a close look at the patient’s history and breed. Physical examination may reveal palpably abnormal kidneys and may elicit pain with abdominal palpation. Bloodwork is often one of the first diagnostics performed. Bloodwork will often reveal abnormalities with SDMA, creatinine, BUN, and red blood cell levels. Bloodwork results will not differentiate PKD from other causes of kidney failure.</p> <p>Radiographs and ultrasounds may be done, which could reveal abnormally shaped kidneys or visible fluid-filled cystic structures. Ultrasound may be one of the most telling diagnostic tests for diagnosing PKD.</p> <p>Blood pressure, urinalysis, and urine cultures may also be performed. Blood pressure can increase as renal disease progresses.</p> <p>Biopsies can help to positively confirm PKD in conjunction with clinical signs and patient history.</p> <p>PKD genetic screening tests are available, and breeding cats at higher risk of this disease should be tested prior to breeding.</p> <figure id="attachment_628391" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-628391" style="width: 800px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><picture decoding="async" class="wp-image-628391 size-large"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-800x450.jpg.webp 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-600x338.jpg.webp 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-250x141.jpg.webp 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-480x270.jpg.webp 480w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock.jpg.webp 1000w" srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20450'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"/> <img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20800%20450'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="owner collecting urine of cat" width="800" height="450" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-600x338.jpg 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-250x141.jpg 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-480x270.jpg 480w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock.jpg 1000w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" data-lazy-src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-800x450.jpg"/> </picture> <noscript><picture decoding="async" class="wp-image-628391 size-large"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-800x450.jpg.webp 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-600x338.jpg.webp 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-768x432.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-250x141.jpg.webp 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-480x270.jpg.webp 480w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"/> <img decoding="async" src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-800x450.jpg" alt="owner collecting urine of cat" width="800" height="450" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-800x450.jpg 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-600x338.jpg 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-250x141.jpg 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock-480x270.jpg 480w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/owner-collecting-urine-of-cat_Yaya-Photos_Shutterstock.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"/> </picture> </noscript><figcaption id="caption-attachment-628391" class="wp-caption-text">Image Credit: Yaya Photos, Shutterstock</figcaption></figure> <h2><span id="How_Is_PKD_treated">How Is PKD treated?</span></h2> <p>Unfortunately, PKD cannot be cured. PKD patients diagnosed with kidney failure will benefit from the interventions outlined by <a href="http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS_CAT_Treatment_Recommendations_2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="external">IRIS</a>. Interventions are intended to slow the progression of the disease and help maintain the patient’s quality of life.</p> <p>One of the most encouraged interventions is a diet change to a <a href="https://www.catster.com/cat-health-care/best-cat-food-for-kidney-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="internal">kidney-friendly diet</a>. This type of diet typically has restricted protein levels, low phosphorus levels, and high moisture content.</p> <p>Clinical signs of nausea may be combatted with anti-vomit medication like Cerenia. Appetite stimulants like mirtazapine or cyproheptadine may be encouraged to reduce appetite.</p> <p>Fluid therapy and electrolyte supplementation may be needed.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-589040" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201200%20120'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="divider 1 paws" width="1200" height="120" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04.png 1200w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04-600x60.png 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04-800x80.png 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04-768x77.png 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04-250x25.png 250w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" data-lazy-src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04.png" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-589040" src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04.png" alt="divider 1 paws" width="1200" height="120" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04.png 1200w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04-600x60.png 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04-800x80.png 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04-768x77.png 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-04-250x25.png 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript></p> <h2><span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQ">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)</span></h2> <h3><span id="What_is_the_overall_prognosis_of_PKD">What is the overall prognosis of PKD?</span></h3> <p>Cats diagnosed with PKD should intermittently have bloodwork performed to see how fast their disease is progressing and to determine if any further interventions are recommended. Weight and appetite should also be closely monitored.</p> <p>The overall prognosis of PKD is dependent on the rate at which cysts develop and destroy normal kidney tissue.</p> <h3><span id="I_recently_purchased_a_Persian_cat_How_can_I_know_if_they_carry_the_PKD_mutation">I recently purchased a Persian cat. How can I know if they carry the PKD mutation?</span></h3> <p>It is recommended that breeders be closely screened and asked about genetic testing of the parents prior to welcoming a Persian into your family. UC Davis offers a genetic test that will identify the gene mutation. This test is inexpensive, and the test sample can be collected from home. Please see <a href="https://vgl.ucdavis.edu/test/pkd1-cat" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="external">this</a> link for more information.</p> <h3><span id="My_cat_has_been_diagnosed_with_PKD_Can_the_cysts_be_drained">My cat has been diagnosed with PKD. Can the cysts be drained?</span></h3> <p>Although the cysts could technically be drained in some cases, the overall prognosis would not change. Once cysts have formed, damage to normal kidney tissue has already occurred and cannot be reversed.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-589041" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201200%20120'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="divider 2 cats" width="1200" height="120" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06.png 1200w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06-600x60.png 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06-800x80.png 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06-768x77.png 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06-250x25.png 250w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" data-lazy-src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06.png" /><noscript><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-589041" src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06.png" alt="divider 2 cats" width="1200" height="120" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06.png 1200w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06-600x60.png 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06-800x80.png 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06-768x77.png 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Catster_Website-dividers_v1-2_Apr-26-2024-06-250x25.png 250w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript></p> <h2><span id="Conclusion">Conclusion</span></h2> <p>Unfortunately, PKD is common in the Persian cat community. This devastating disease has no cure and destroys healthy kidney tissue, eventually leading to <a href="https://www.catster.com/cat-health-care/kidney-failure-in-cats/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="internal">kidney failure</a>. It is important that Persian cats used for breeding be appropriately screened for this gene and that owners of Persian cats and related breeds be aware of this disease. It may be beneficial to start screening for high-risk breeds before clinical signs of illness are noted.</p> <div class="su-accordion su-u-trim"> <div class="su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed" data-scroll-offset="0" data-anchor-in-url="no"><div class="su-spoiler-title" tabindex="0" role="button"><span class="su-spoiler-icon"></span>Sources</div><div class="su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/polycystic-kidney-disease#:~:text=Feline%20Health%20Topics-,Polycystic%20Kidney%20Disease,a%20few%20other%20feline%20breeds%2C%20such%20as%20Himalayans%20and%20British%20Shorthairs.,-%E2%80%9CYou%20can%20have" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="external">https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/polycystic-kidney-disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/kidney-disease-polycystic-kidney-disease-in-cats#:~:text=Polycystic%20kidney%20disease%20is,the%20condition%20is%20rare" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="external">https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/kidney-disease-polycystic-kidney-disease-in-cats</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ufaw.org.uk/cats/persian-polycystic-kidney-disease#:~:text=When%20the%20gene,three%20months%20old" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="external">https://www.ufaw.org.uk/cats/persian-polycystic-kidney-disease</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS_CAT_Treatment_Recommendations_2019.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="external">http://www.iris-kidney.com/pdf/IRIS_CAT_Treatment_Recommendations_2019.pdf</a></li> <li><a href="https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952670#:~:text=Medications%20such%20as%20capromorelin%2C%20mirtazapine%20or%20cyproheptadine%20can%20be%20used%20to%20enhance%20hunger%20and%20encourage%20eating.%C2%A0" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-wpel-link="external">https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952670</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <hr /> <p>Featured Image Credit: Nestor Rizhniak, Shutterstock</p> <div class="rmp-widgets-container rmp-wp-plugin rmp-main-container js-rmp-widgets-container js-rmp-widgets-container--450737 " data-post-id="450737">  <div class="rmp-rating-widget js-rmp-rating-widget"> <p class="rmp-heading rmp-heading--title"> How useful was this post? </p> <p class="rmp-heading rmp-heading--subtitle"> Click on a star to rate (you can leave written feedback after clicking submit) </p> <div class="rmp-rating-widget__icons"> <ul class="rmp-rating-widget__icons-list js-rmp-rating-icons-list"> <li class="rmp-rating-widget__icons-list__icon js-rmp-rating-item" data-descriptive-rating="Not at all useful" data-value="1"> <i class="js-rmp-rating-icon rmp-icon rmp-icon--ratings rmp-icon--star "></i> </li> <li class="rmp-rating-widget__icons-list__icon js-rmp-rating-item" data-descriptive-rating="Somewhat useful" data-value="2"> <i class="js-rmp-rating-icon rmp-icon rmp-icon--ratings rmp-icon--star "></i> </li> <li class="rmp-rating-widget__icons-list__icon js-rmp-rating-item" data-descriptive-rating="Useful" data-value="3"> <i class="js-rmp-rating-icon rmp-icon rmp-icon--ratings rmp-icon--star "></i> </li> <li class="rmp-rating-widget__icons-list__icon js-rmp-rating-item" data-descriptive-rating="Fairly useful" data-value="4"> <i class="js-rmp-rating-icon rmp-icon rmp-icon--ratings rmp-icon--star "></i> </li> <li class="rmp-rating-widget__icons-list__icon js-rmp-rating-item" data-descriptive-rating="Very useful" data-value="5"> <i class="js-rmp-rating-icon rmp-icon rmp-icon--ratings rmp-icon--star "></i> </li> </ul> </div> <p class="rmp-rating-widget__hover-text js-rmp-hover-text"></p> <button class="rmp-rating-widget__submit-btn rmp-btn js-submit-rating-btn"> Submit Rating </button> <p class="rmp-rating-widget__results js-rmp-results rmp-rating-widget__results--hidden"> </p> <p class="rmp-rating-widget__not-rated js-rmp-not-rated "> </p> <p class="rmp-rating-widget__msg js-rmp-msg"></p> </div>   <div class="rmp-feedback-widget js-rmp-feedback-widget"> <p class="rmp-heading rmp-heading--title"> Help us improve Catster for pet parents! </p> <p class="rmp-heading rmp-heading--subtitle"> Your feedback really matters. </p> <div class="rmp-feedback-widget__container"> <p class="rmp-feedback-widget__text"> What did you like about this post? Also how can we improve it? </p> <textarea class="rmp-feedback-widget__input js-rmp-feedback-input" rows="5" id="feedback-text"></textarea> <button type="button" class="rmp-feedback-widget__btn rmp-btn rmp-btn--large js-rmp-feedback-button"> Submit Feedback </button> <div class="rmp-feedback-widget__loader js-rmp-feedback-loader"> <div></div><div></div><div></div> </div> <p class="rmp-feedback-widget__msg js-rmp-feedback-msg"></p> </div> </div> </div></p><div class="spu-placeholder" style="display:none"></div> </div> </div> </article> </main> </div> <div class="article-author"> <h3>About the Author</h3> <div class="text"> <img alt='' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20256%20256'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/870024bd10d63a4d7052f0cb458f9e70?s=512&d=identicon&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-256 photo' height='256' width='256' decoding='async' data-lazy-src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/870024bd10d63a4d7052f0cb458f9e70?s=256&d=identicon&r=g"/><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/870024bd10d63a4d7052f0cb458f9e70?s=256&d=identicon&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/870024bd10d63a4d7052f0cb458f9e70?s=512&d=identicon&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-256 photo' height='256' width='256' decoding='async'/></noscript> <div class="right"> <h4> <a href="https://www.catster.com/author/dr-marti-dudley/" class="author" target="_blank" > <span class="underline">Dr. Marti Dudley, DVM (Vet)</span> </a> </h4> <p> Dr. Marti Dudley is a small animal veterinarian with a passion for <a href="https://www.catster.com/lifestyle/cat-preventive-care/">preventative medicine</a> and pet parent education. She enjoys being a resource for pet owners as she believes that having a team approach leads to the best possible care of pets. Dr. Dudley enjoys writing and has been able to use this skill as another avenue to <a href="https://www.catster.com/lifestyle/7-great-books-learning-about-your-cat-facts-health/">educate pet owners</a> outside of the traditional office setting. Dr. Dudley has been practicing veterinary medicine since 2014. She has an interest in preventative care and emphasizes the importance of pet owner education. Dr. Dudley’s experience in veterinary medicine is broad, as she has worked as a general practitioner, which has allowed her to see and treat many <a href="https://www.catster.com/cat-health-care/types-of-veterinary-specialists/">different types of conditions</a>. Dr. Dudley received her bachelor’s degree in biology from Longwood University in Virginia. She earned her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) degree from Ross University. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="follow-us bold"> Related Posts </div> <div class="related-posts">    <article> <div class="feature-image"> <a href="https://www.catster.com/ask-the-vet/homemade-low-carb-chicken-cat-food-recipe/"> <picture class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Catster_Recipes-Cooking-with-Dr.-Lucky_v2-Oct-28-2024.jpg.webp 1400w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Catster_Recipes-Cooking-with-Dr.-Lucky_v2-Oct-28-2024-600x429.jpg.webp 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Catster_Recipes-Cooking-with-Dr.-Lucky_v2-Oct-28-2024-800x571.jpg.webp 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Catster_Recipes-Cooking-with-Dr.-Lucky_v2-Oct-28-2024-768x549.jpg.webp 768w, 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data-lazy-src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock.jpg"/> </picture> <noscript><picture class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock.jpg.webp 1000w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-600x450.jpg.webp 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-800x600.jpg.webp 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-768x576.jpg.webp 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-250x188.jpg.webp 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-500x375.jpg.webp 500w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"/> <img width="1000" height="750" src="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock.jpg" alt="Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock.jpg 1000w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-600x450.jpg 600w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-800x600.jpg 800w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-768x576.jpg 768w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-250x188.jpg 250w, https://www.catster.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Feline-Oral-Squamous-Cell-Carcinoma_MeowDr_Shutterstock-500x375.jpg 500w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"/> </picture> </noscript> </a> </div> <div class="article-text"> <h3> <a href="https://www.catster.com/ask-the-vet/feline-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma/"> Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Our Vet Explains the Causes, Signs & Care </a> </h3> <div class="article-meta"></div> <div class="article-author"> <a href="https://www.catster.com/author/dr-samantha-devine/" class="author" target="_blank" > Dr. Samantha Devine DVM (Veterinarian) </a> </div> </div> </article>   </div> <div id="comments" class="comments-area comment-form-position-below "> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/ask-the-vet/polycystic-kidney-disease-in-cats/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel 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U(this.weight).get()}constructor(e){super(),this._result=!1,this.key="ParallaxAdsExperiment",this.abgroup="parallax",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.5;!!E()&&e.largeFormatsMobile&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}Z=K([X("ParallaxAdsExperiment"),Y("design:type",Function),Y("design:paramtypes",["undefined"==typeof AdTypes?Object:AdTypes])],Z);class ee extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="mrsf",this.abgroup="mrsf",E()&&(this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey())}}const te=[[728,90],[300,250],[300,600],[320,50],[970,250],[160,600],[300,1050],[336,280],[970,90],[300,50],[320,100],[468,60],[250,250],[120,240],[1,1],[300,300],[552,334],[300,420],[728,250],[320,300],[300,390]],ie=[[300,600],[160,600]],ne=new Map([[d.Footer,1],[d.Header,2],[d.Sidebar,3],[d.Content,4],[d.Recipe,5],["Sidebar_sticky",6],["Below Post",7]]),se=(e,t)=>{const{location:i,sticky:n}=e;if(i===d.Recipe&&t){const{recipeMobile:e,recipeDesktop:i}=t;if(E()&&(null==e?void 0:e.enabled))return!0;if(!E()&&(null==i?void 0:i.enabled))return!0}return i===d.Footer||n},oe=(e,t)=>{const i=t.adUnits,n=(e=>!!e.adTypes&&new Z(e.adTypes).result)(t),s=new q,o=new ee;return i.filter((e=>void 0!==e.dynamic&&e.dynamic.enabled)).map((i=>{const r=i.location.replace(/\s+/g,"_"),a="Sidebar"===r?0:2;return{auctionPriority:ne.get(r)||8,location:r,sequence:A(i.sequence,1),sizes:(l=i.adSizes,te.filter((([e,t])=>l.some((([i,n])=>e===i&&t===n))))).filter((t=>((e,[t,i],n,s,o)=>{const{location:r,sequence:a}=e;if(r===d.Footer)return!("phone"===n&&320===t&&100===i);if(r===d.Header)return!(i>100&&s.result);if(r===d.Recipe)return!(o.result&&"phone"===n&&(300===t&&390===i||320===t&&300===i));if(r===d.Sidebar){const t=e.adSizes.some((([,e])=>e<=300)),n=i>300;return!(!n||t)||9===a||(a&&a<=5?!n||e.sticky:!n)}return!0})(i,t,e,s,o))).concat(n&&i.location===d.Content?ie:[]),devices:i.devices,pageSelector:A(i.dynamic.pageSelector,"").trim(),elementSelector:A(i.dynamic.elementSelector,"").trim(),position:A(i.dynamic.position,"beforebegin"),max:Math.floor(A(i.dynamic.max,0)),spacing:A(i.dynamic.spacing,0),skip:Math.floor(A(i.dynamic.skip,0)),every:Math.max(Math.floor(A(i.dynamic.every,1)),1),classNames:i.dynamic.classNames||[],sticky:se(i,t.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig),stickyOverlapSelector:A(i.stickyOverlapSelector,"").trim(),autosize:i.autosize,special:A(i.targeting,[]).filter((e=>"special"===e.key)).reduce(((e,t)=>e.concat(...t.value)),[]),lazy:A(i.dynamic.lazy,!1),lazyMax:A(i.dynamic.lazyMax,a),lazyMaxDefaulted:0!==i.dynamic.lazyMax&&!i.dynamic.lazyMax,name:i.name};var l}))},re=(e,t)=>{const i=(e=>{let t=e.clientWidth;if(getComputedStyle){const i=getComputedStyle(e,null);t-=parseFloat(i.paddingLeft||"0")+parseFloat(i.paddingRight||"0")}return t})(t),n=e.sticky&&e.location===d.Sidebar;return e.sizes.filter((t=>{const s=!e.autosize||(t[0]<=i||t[0]<=320),o=!n||t[1]<=window.innerHeight-100;return s&&o}))};class ae{constructor(e){this.clsOptions=e,this.enabledLocations=[d.Below_Post,d.Content,d.Recipe,d.Sidebar]}}const le=e=>`adthrive-${e.location.replace("_","-").toLowerCase()}`,ce=e=>`${le(e)}-${e.sequence}`;function de(e,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var i=t.insertAt;if(e&&"undefined"!=typeof document){var n=document.head||document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],s=document.createElement("style");s.type="text/css","top"===i&&n.firstChild?n.insertBefore(s,n.firstChild):n.appendChild(s),s.styleSheet?s.styleSheet.cssText=e:s.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e))}}const he=e=>e.some((e=>null!==document.querySelector(e)));class ue extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(1).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.key="RemoveRecipeCap",this.abgroup="rrc",this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}class pe extends B{static fromArray(e,t){return new pe(e.map((([e,t])=>({choice:e,weight:t}))),t)}addChoice(e,t){this._choices.push({choice:e,weight:t})}get(){const e=(t=0,i=100,Math.random()*(i-t)+t);var t,i;let n=0;for(const{choice:t,weight:i}of this._choices)if(n+=i,n>=e)return t;return this._default}get totalWeight(){return this._choices.reduce(((e,{weight:t})=>e+t),0)}constructor(e=[],t){super(),this._choices=e,this._default=t}}const me=e=>null!=e&&!("number"==typeof e&&isNaN(e)),ge=()=>(t,i,n)=>{const s=n.value;s&&(n.value=function(...t){const i=(e=>{if(null===e)return null;const t=e.map((({choice:e})=>e));return(e=>{let t=5381,i=e.length;for(;i;)t=33*t^e.charCodeAt(--i);return t>>>0})(JSON.stringify(t)).toString(16)})(this._choices),n=this._expConfigABGroup?this._expConfigABGroup:this.abgroup,o=n?n.toLowerCase():this.key?this.key.toLowerCase():"",r=i?`${o}_${i}`:o,a=this.localStoragePrefix?`${this.localStoragePrefix}-${r}`:r,l=D.getLocalStorageValue("branch");!1===(l&&l.enabled)&&D.removeLocalStorageValue(a);const c=(()=>s.apply(this,t))(),d=(h=this._choices,u=c,null!=(m=null==(p=h.find((({choice:e})=>e===u)))?void 0:p.weight)?m:null);var h,u,p,m;const[g,_]=((t,i,n,s,o,r=!0)=>{const a="abgroup",l=t.getLocalStorageValue(a,!0,!0,o,r);if(null!==l){const e=l[i];var c;const t=null!=(c=l[`${i}_weight`])?c:null;if(me(e))return[e,t]}const d=e({},l,{[i]:n,[`${i}_weight`]:s});return t.setLocalStorageValue(a,d),[n,s]})(D,a,c,d,864e5);return this._stickyResult=g,this._stickyWeight=_,g})};class _e{get enabled(){return void 0!==this.experimentConfig}_isValidResult(e,t=()=>!0){return t()&&me(e)}}class ye extends _e{_isValidResult(e){return super._isValidResult(e,(()=>this._resultValidator(e)||"control"===e))}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";if(!this._mappedChoices||0===this._mappedChoices.length)return C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment variants found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSWeightedChoiceSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}constructor(...e){super(...e),this._resultValidator=()=>!0}}class fe{getSiteExperimentByKey(e){const t=this.siteExperiments.filter((t=>t.key.toLowerCase()===e.toLowerCase()))[0],i=P("at_site_features"),n=(s=(null==t?void 0:t.variants[1])?null==t?void 0:t.variants[1].value:null==t?void 0:t.variants[0].value,o=i[e],typeof s==typeof o);var s,o;return t&&i[e]&&n&&(t.variants=[{displayName:"test",value:i[e],weight:100,id:0}]),t}constructor(e){var t,i;this.siteExperiments=[],this._clsOptions=e,this._device=E()?"mobile":"desktop",this.siteExperiments=null!=(i=null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments)?void 0:t.filter((e=>{const t=e.key,i=I(e,this._device),n=k(this._clsOptions.siteAds,t,this._device);return i&&n})))?i:[]}}class ve extends ye{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to empty class name."),"";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSAdLayoutSiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to empty class name."),"")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:t})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="",this._resultValidator=e=>"string"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdLayout,this.abgroup=c.AdLayout,this._clsSiteExperiments=new fe(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}K([ge(),Y("design:type",Function),Y("design:paramtypes",[]),Y("design:returntype",void 0)],ve.prototype,"run",null);class be extends ye{get result(){return this._result}run(){if(!this.enabled)return C.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","No experiment config found. Defaulting to control."),"control";const e=new pe(this._mappedChoices).get();return this._isValidResult(e)?e:(C.error("CLSTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment","run","() => %o","Invalid result from experiment choices. Defaulting to control."),"control")}_mapChoices(){return this._choices.map((({weight:e,value:t})=>({weight:e,choice:"number"==typeof t?(t||0)/100:"control"})))}constructor(e){super(),this._choices=[],this._mappedChoices=[],this._result="control",this._resultValidator=e=>"number"==typeof e,this.key=c.AdDensity,this.abgroup=c.AdDensity,this._clsSiteExperiments=new fe(e),this.experimentConfig=this._clsSiteExperiments.getSiteExperimentByKey(this.key),this.enabled&&this.experimentConfig&&(this._choices=this.experimentConfig.variants,this._mappedChoices=this._mapChoices(),this._result=this.run(),e.setWeightedChoiceExperiment(this.abgroup,this._result,!0))}}K([ge(),Y("design:type",Function),Y("design:paramtypes",[]),Y("design:returntype",void 0)],be.prototype,"run",null);class Se extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scae",this.key="StickyContainerAds",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Se=K([X("StickyContainerAdsExperiment"),Y("design:type",Function),Y("design:paramtypes",[])],Se);class Ce extends W{get result(){return this._result}run(){return new U(this.weight).get()}constructor(){super(),this._result=!1,this.abgroup="scre",this.key="StickyContainerRecipe",this._choices=[{choice:!0},{choice:!1}],this.weight=.99,this._result=this.run(),this.setExperimentKey()}}Ce=K([X("StickyContainerRecipeExperiment"),Y("design:type",Function),Y("design:paramtypes",[])],Ce);const Ae="250px";class we{start(){try{var e,t;(e=>{const t=document.body,i=`adthrive-device-${e}`;if(!t.classList.contains(i))try{t.classList.add(i)}catch(e){C.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init",{message:e.message});const t="classList"in document.createElement("_");C.error("BodyDeviceClassComponent","init.support",{support:t})}})(this._device);const s=new ve(this._clsOptions);if(s.enabled){const e=s.result,t=e.startsWith(".")?e.substring(1):e;if((e=>/^[-_a-zA-Z]+[-_a-zA-Z0-9]*$/.test(e))(t))try{document.body.classList.add(t)}catch(e){C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Uncaught CSS Class error: ${e}`)}else C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",`Invalid class name: ${t}`)}const o=oe(this._device,this._clsOptions.siteAds).filter((e=>this._locationEnabled(e))).filter((e=>{return t=e,i=this._device,t.devices.includes(i);var t,i})).filter((e=>{return 0===(t=e).pageSelector.length||null!==document.querySelector(t.pageSelector);var t})),r=this.inject(o);var i,n;if(null==(t=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(e=t.content)?void 0:e.enabled)if(this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result&&!he(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig.blockedSelectors||[]))de(`\n .adthrive-device-phone .adthrive-sticky-content {\n height: 450px !important;\n margin-bottom: 100px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-content.adthrive-sticky:after {\n content: "— Advertisement. Scroll down to continue. —";\n font-size: 10pt;\n margin-top: 5px;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n display:block;\n color: #888;\n }\n .adthrive-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${(null==(n=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)||null==(i=n.content)?void 0:i.minHeight)||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `);r.forEach((e=>this._clsOptions.setInjectedSlots(e)))}catch(e){C.error("ClsDynamicAdsInjector","start",e)}}inject(e,t=document){this._densityDevice="desktop"===this._device?h.Desktop:h.Mobile,this._overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment();const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds,n=A(i.adDensityEnabled,!0),s=i.adDensityLayout&&n,o=e.filter((e=>s?e.location!==d.Content:e)),r=e.filter((e=>s?e.location===d.Content:null));return[...o.length?this._injectNonDensitySlots(o,t):[],...r.length?this._injectDensitySlots(r,t):[]]}_injectNonDensitySlots(e,t=document){var i;const n=[],s=[];if(this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.some((e=>e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky))&&!he((null==(i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig)?void 0:i.blockedSelectors)||[])){var o,r;const e=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adOptions.stickyContainerConfig;(e=>{de(`\n .adthrive-recipe.adthrive-sticky {\n position: -webkit-sticky;\n position: sticky !important;\n top: 42px !important;\n margin-top: 42px !important;\n }\n .adthrive-recipe-sticky-container {\n position: relative;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n justify-content: flex-start;\n align-items: center;\n min-height:${e||400}px !important;\n margin: 10px 0 10px 0;\n background-color: #FAFAFA;\n padding-bottom:0px;\n }\n `)})("phone"===this._device?null==e||null==(o=e.recipeMobile)?void 0:o.minHeight:null==e||null==(r=e.recipeDesktop)?void 0:r.minHeight)}for(const i of e)this._insertNonDensityAds(i,n,s,t);return s.forEach((({location:e,element:t})=>{t.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[e]})),n}_injectDensitySlots(e,t=document){try{this._calculateMainContentHeightAndAllElements(e,t)}catch(e){return[]}const{onePerViewport:i,targetAll:n,targetDensityUnits:s,combinedMax:o,numberOfUnits:r}=this._getDensitySettings(e,t);return this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=i?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,r?(this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._findElementsForAds(r,i,n,o,s,t),this._insertAds()):[]}_overrideDefaultAdDensitySettingsWithSiteExperiment(){var e;if(null==(e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment)?void 0:e.enabled){const e=this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment.result;"number"==typeof e&&(this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityEnabled=!0,this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout[this._densityDevice].adDensity=e)}}_getDensitySettings(e,t=document){const i=this._clsOptions.siteAds.adDensityLayout,n=this._determineOverrides(i.pageOverrides),s=n.length?n[0]:i[this._densityDevice],o=this._clsOptions.getTargetDensity(s.adDensity),r=s.onePerViewport,a=this._shouldTargetAllEligible(o),l=this._getTargetDensityUnits(o,a),c=this._getCombinedMax(e,t),d=Math.min(this._totalAvailableElements.length,l,...c>0?[c]:[]);return this._pubLog={onePerViewport:r,targetDensity:o,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c},{onePerViewport:r,targetAll:a,targetDensityUnits:l,combinedMax:c,numberOfUnits:d}}_determineOverrides(e){return e.filter((e=>{const t=R(e.pageSelector);return""===e.pageSelector||t.elements&&t.elements.length})).map((e=>e[this._densityDevice]))}_shouldTargetAllEligible(e){return e===this._densityMax}_getTargetDensityUnits(e,t){return t?this._totalAvailableElements.length:Math.floor(e*this._mainContentHeight/(1-e)/this._minDivHeight)-this._recipeCount}_getCombinedMax(e,t=document){return A(e.filter((e=>{let i;try{i=t.querySelector(e.elementSelector)}catch(e){}return i})).map((e=>Number(e.max)+Number(e.lazyMaxDefaulted?0:e.lazyMax))).sort(((e,t)=>t-e))[0],0)}_elementLargerThanMainContent(e){return e.offsetHeight>=this._mainContentHeight&&this._totalAvailableElements.length>1}_elementDisplayNone(e){const t=window.getComputedStyle(e,null).display;return t&&"none"===t||"none"===e.style.display}_isBelowMaxes(e,t){return this._adInjectionMap.map.length<e&&this._adInjectionMap.map.length<t}_findElementsForAds(e,t,i,n,s,o=document){this._clsOptions.targetDensityLog={onePerViewport:t,combinedMax:n,targetDensityUnits:s,targetDensityPercentage:this._pubLog.targetDensity,mainContentHeight:this._mainContentHeight,recipeCount:this._recipeCount,numberOfEls:this._totalAvailableElements.length};const r=e=>{for(const{dynamicAd:t,element:r}of this._totalAvailableElements)if(this._logDensityInfo(r,t.elementSelector,e),!(!i&&this._elementLargerThanMainContent(r)||this._elementDisplayNone(r))){if(!this._isBelowMaxes(n,s))break;this._checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:r,insertEvery:e,targetAll:i,target:o})}!this._usedAbsoluteMinimum&&this._smallerIncrementAttempts<5&&(++this._smallerIncrementAttempts,r(this._getSmallerIncrement(e)))},a=this._getInsertEvery(e,t,s);r(a)}_getSmallerIncrement(e){let t=.6*e;return t<=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice&&(t=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0),t}_insertNonDensityAds(e,t,i,n=document){let s=0,o=0,r=0;e.spacing>0&&(s=window.innerHeight*e.spacing,o=s);const a=this._repeatDynamicAds(e),l=this.getElements(e.elementSelector,n);e.skip;for(let c=e.skip;c<l.length&&!(r+1>a.length);c+=e.every){let h=l[c];if(s>0){const{bottom:e}=w(h);if(e<=o)continue;o=e+s}const u=a[r],p=`${u.location}_${u.sequence}`;t.some((e=>e.name===p))&&(r+=1);const m=this.getDynamicElementId(u),g=le(e),_=ce(e),y=[e.location===d.Sidebar&&e.sticky&&e.sequence&&e.sequence<=5?"adthrive-sticky-sidebar":"",this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment.result&&e.location===d.Recipe&&e.sticky?"adthrive-recipe-sticky-container":"",g,_,...e.classNames],f=this.addAd(h,m,e.position,y);if(f){const s=re(u,f);if(s.length){const o={clsDynamicAd:e,dynamicAd:u,element:f,sizes:s,name:p,infinite:n!==document};t.push(o),i.push({location:u.location,element:f}),e.location===d.Recipe&&++this._recipeCount,r+=1}h=f}}}_insertAds(){const e=[];return this._adInjectionMap.filterUsed(),this._adInjectionMap.map.forEach((({el:t,dynamicAd:i,target:n},s)=>{const o=Number(i.sequence)+s,r=i.max,a=i.lazy&&o>r;i.sequence=o,i.lazy=a;const l=this._addContentAd(t,i,n);l&&(i.used=!0,e.push(l))})),e}_getInsertEvery(e,t,i){let n=this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice;return this._moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(i,e)?(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,n=this._useWiderSpacing(i,e)):(this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!0,n=this._useSmallestSpacing(t)),t&&window.innerHeight>n?window.innerHeight:n}_useWiderSpacing(e,t){return this._mainContentHeight/Math.min(e,t)}_useSmallestSpacing(e){return e&&window.innerHeight>this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice?window.innerHeight:this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice}_moreAvailableElementsThanUnitsToInject(e,t){return this._totalAvailableElements.length>e||this._totalAvailableElements.length>t}_logDensityInfo(e,t,i){const{onePerViewport:n,targetDensity:s,targetDensityUnits:o,combinedMax:r}=this._pubLog;this._totalAvailableElements.length}_checkElementSpacing({dynamicAd:t,element:i,insertEvery:n,targetAll:s,target:o=document}){(this._isFirstAdInjected()||this._hasProperSpacing(i,t,s,n))&&this._markSpotForContentAd(i,e({},t),o)}_isFirstAdInjected(){return!this._adInjectionMap.map.length}_markSpotForContentAd(e,t,i=document){const n="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position;this._adInjectionMap.add(e,this._getElementCoords(e,n),t,i),this._adInjectionMap.sort()}_hasProperSpacing(e,t,i,n){const s="beforebegin"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,o="beforeend"===t.position||"afterbegin"===t.position,r=i||this._isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,n,s),a=o||this._isElementNotInRow(e,s),l=-1===e.id.indexOf(`AdThrive_${d.Below_Post}`);return r&&a&&l}_isElementFarEnoughFromOtherAdElements(e,t,i){const n=this._getElementCoords(e,i);let s=!1;for(let e=0;e<this._adInjectionMap.map.length;e++){const i=this._adInjectionMap.map[e].coords,o=this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1]&&this._adInjectionMap.map[e+1].coords;if(s=n-t>i&&(!o||n+t<o),s)break}return s}_isElementNotInRow(e,t){const 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0:n.enabled)&&this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment.result?"adthrive-sticky-container":"",c=this.addAd(e,this.getDynamicElementId(t),t.position,[l,r,a,...t.classNames]);if(c){const e=re(t,c);if(e.length){c.style.minHeight=this.locationToMinHeight[t.location];o={clsDynamicAd:t,dynamicAd:t,element:c,sizes:e,name:`${t.location}_${t.sequence}`,infinite:i!==document}}}return o}getDynamicElementId(e){return`AdThrive_${e.location}_${e.sequence}_${this._device}`}getElements(e,t=document){return t.querySelectorAll(e)}addAd(e,t,i,n=[]){if(!document.getElementById(t)){const s=`<div id="${t}" class="adthrive-ad ${n.join(" ")}"></div>`;e.insertAdjacentHTML(i,s)}return document.getElementById(t)}_repeatDynamicAds(t){const i=[],n=this._removeRecipeCapExperiment.result&&t.location===d.Recipe?99:this.locationMaxLazySequence.get(t.location),s=t.lazy?A(n,0):0,o=t.max,r=t.lazyMax,a=0===s&&t.lazy?o+r:Math.min(Math.max(s-t.sequence+1,0),o+r),l=Math.max(o,a);for(let n=0;n<l;n++){const s=Number(t.sequence)+n;if("Recipe_1"!==t.name||5!==s){const r=t.lazy&&n>=o;i.push(e({},t,{sequence:s,lazy:r}))}}return i}_locationEnabled(e){const t=this._clsOptions.enabledLocations.includes(e.location),i=this._clsOptions.disableAds&&this._clsOptions.disableAds.all||document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-all"),n=!document.body.classList.contains("adthrive-disable-content")&&!this._clsOptions.disableAds.reasons.has("content_plugin");return t&&!i&&n}constructor(e,t){this._clsOptions=e,this._adInjectionMap=t,this._recipeCount=0,this._mainContentHeight=0,this._mainContentDiv=null,this._totalAvailableElements=[],this._minDivHeight=250,this._densityDevice=h.Desktop,this._pubLog={onePerViewport:!1,targetDensity:0,targetDensityUnits:0,combinedMax:0},this._densityMax=.99,this._smallerIncrementAttempts=0,this._absoluteMinimumSpacingByDevice=250,this._usedAbsoluteMinimum=!1,this._infPageEndOffset=0,this.locationMaxLazySequence=new Map([[d.Recipe,5]]),this.locationToMinHeight={Below_Post:Ae,Content:Ae,Recipe:Ae,Sidebar:Ae};const{tablet:i,desktop:n}=this._clsOptions.siteAds.breakpoints;this._device=((e,t)=>{const i=window.innerWidth;return i>=t?"desktop":i>=e?"tablet":"phone"})(i,n),this._config=new ae(e),this._clsOptions.enabledLocations=this._config.enabledLocations,this._clsTargetAdDensitySiteExperiment=this._clsOptions.siteAds.siteExperiments?new be(this._clsOptions):null,this._stickyContainerAdsExperiment=new Se,this._stickyContainerRecipeExperiment=new Ce,this._removeRecipeCapExperiment=new ue}}function Pe(e,t){if(null==e)return{};var i,n,s={},o=Object.keys(e);for(n=0;n<o.length;n++)i=o[n],t.indexOf(i)>=0||(s[i]=e[i]);return s}class Oe{get enabled(){return!0}}class Ee extends Oe{setPotentialPlayersMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players||[],t=this._filterPlayerMap(),i=e.filter((e=>"stationaryRelated"===e.type&&e.enabled));return t.stationaryRelated=i,this._potentialPlayerMap=t,this._potentialPlayerMap}_filterPlayerMap(){const e=this._videoConfig.players,t={stickyRelated:[],stickyPlaylist:[],stationaryRelated:[]};return e&&e.length?e.filter((e=>{var t;return null==(t=e.devices)?void 0:t.includes(this._device)})).reduce(((e,t)=>(e[t.type]||(C.event(this._component,"constructor","Unknown Video Player Type detected",t.type),e[t.type]=[]),t.enabled&&e[t.type].push(t),e)),t):t}_checkPlayerSelectorOnPage(e){const t=this._potentialPlayerMap[e].map((e=>({player:e,playerElement:this._getPlacementElement(e)})));return t.length?t[0]:{player:null,playerElement:null}}_getOverrideElement(e,t,i){if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}else{const{player:e,playerElement:t}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");if(e&&t){const n=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,n),i=n}}return i}_shouldOverrideElement(e){const t=e.getAttribute("override-embed");return"true"===t||"false"===t?"true"===t:!!this._videoConfig.relatedSettings&&this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.overrideEmbedLocation}_checkPageSelector(e,t,i=[]){if(e&&t&&0===i.length){return!("/"===window.location.pathname)&&C.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`PSNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),!1}return!0}_getElementSelector(e,t,i){return t&&t.length>i?t[i]:(C.event("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`ESNF: ${e} does not exist on the page`)),null)}_getPlacementElement(e){const{pageSelector:t,elementSelector:i,skip:n}=e,s=R(t),{valid:o,elements:r}=s,a=Pe(s,["valid","elements"]),l=M(i),{valid:c,elements:d}=l,h=Pe(l,["valid","elements"]);if(""!==t&&!o)return C.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${t} is not a valid selector`),a),null;if(!c)return C.error("VideoUtils","getPlacementElement",new Error(`${i} is not a valid selector`),h),null;if(!this._checkPageSelector(t,o,r))return null;return this._getElementSelector(i,d,n)||null}_getEmbeddedPlayerType(e){let t=e.getAttribute("data-player-type");return t&&"default"!==t||(t=this._videoConfig.relatedSettings?this._videoConfig.relatedSettings.defaultPlayerType:"static"),this._stickyRelatedOnPage&&(t="static"),t}_getMediaId(e){const t=e.getAttribute("data-video-id");return!!t&&(this._relatedMediaIds.push(t),t)}_createRelatedPlayer(e,t,i,n){"collapse"===t?this._createCollapsePlayer(e,i):"static"===t&&this._createStaticPlayer(e,i,n)}_createCollapsePlayer(t,i){const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyRelated"),o=n||this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];if(o&&o.playerId){this._shouldOverrideElement(i)&&(i=this._getOverrideElement(n,s,i)),i=document.querySelector(`#cls-video-container-${t} > div`)||i,this._createStickyRelatedPlayer(e({},o,{mediaId:t}),i)}else C.error(this._component,"_createCollapsePlayer","No video player found")}_createStaticPlayer(t,i,n){if(this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated.length&&this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0].playerId){const s=this._potentialPlayerMap.stationaryRelated[0];this._createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e({},s,{mediaOrPlaylistId:t}),i,n)}else C.error(this._component,"_createStaticPlayer","No video player found")}_shouldRunAutoplayPlayers(){return!(!this._isVideoAllowedOnPage()||!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyRelated.length&&!this._potentialPlayerMap.stickyPlaylist.length)}_determineAutoplayPlayers(){const e=this._component,t="VideoManagerComponent"===e,i=this._context;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage)return void C.event(e,"stickyRelatedOnPage",t&&{device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{});const{player:n,playerElement:s}=this._checkPlayerSelectorOnPage("stickyPlaylist");n&&n.playerId&&n.playlistId&&s?this._createPlaylistPlayer(n,s):Math.random()<.01&&setTimeout((()=>{C.event(e,"noStickyPlaylist",t&&{vendor:"none",device:i&&i.device,isDesktop:this._device}||{})}),1e3)}_initializeRelatedPlayers(e){const t=new Map;for(let i=0;i<e.length;i++){const n=e[i],s=n.offsetParent,o=this._getEmbeddedPlayerType(n),r=this._getMediaId(n);if(s&&r){const e=(t.get(r)||0)+1;t.set(r,e),this._createRelatedPlayer(r,o,n,e)}}}constructor(e,t,i){super(),this._videoConfig=e,this._component=t,this._context=i,this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!1,this._relatedMediaIds=[],this._device=O()?"desktop":"mobile",this._potentialPlayerMap=this.setPotentialPlayersMap()}}class xe extends Ee{init(){this._initializePlayers()}_wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(e,t,i=0){if(e.parentNode){const n=e.offsetWidth*(9/16),s=this._createGenericCLSWrapper(n,t,i);return e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e),s.appendChild(e),s}return null}_createGenericCLSWrapper(e,t,i){const n=document.createElement("div");return n.id=`cls-video-container-${t}`,n.className="adthrive",n.style.minHeight=`${e+i}px`,n}_getTitleHeight(){const e=document.createElement("h3");e.style.margin="10px 0",e.innerText="Title",e.style.visibility="hidden",document.body.appendChild(e);const t=window.getComputedStyle(e),i=parseInt(t.height,10),n=parseInt(t.marginTop,10),s=parseInt(t.marginBottom,10);return document.body.removeChild(e),Math.min(i+s+n,50)}_initializePlayers(){const e=document.querySelectorAll(this._IN_POST_SELECTOR);e.length&&this._initializeRelatedPlayers(e),this._shouldRunAutoplayPlayers()&&this._determineAutoplayPlayers()}_createStationaryRelatedPlayer(e,t,i){const n="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],s=u.Video_In_Post_ClicktoPlay_SoundOn;if(t&&e.mediaOrPlaylistId){const o=`${e.mediaOrPlaylistId}_${i}`,r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(t,o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaOrPlaylistId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playerId:e.playerId,playerName:s,playerSize:n,element:r,type:"stationaryRelated"})}}_createStickyRelatedPlayer(e,t){const i="mobile"===this._device?[400,225]:[640,360],n=u.Video_Individual_Autoplay_SOff;if(this._stickyRelatedOnPage=!0,this._videoConfig.mobileStickyPlayerOnPage="mobile"===this._device,t&&e.position&&e.mediaId){const s=document.createElement("div");t.insertAdjacentElement(e.position,s);const o=this._getTitleHeight(),r=this._wrapVideoPlayerWithCLS(s,e.mediaId,this._WRAPPER_BAR_HEIGHT+o);this._playersAddedFromPlugin.push(e.mediaId),r&&this._clsOptions.setInjectedVideoSlots({playlistId:e.playlistId,playerId:e.playerId,playerSize:i,playerName:n,element:s,type:"stickyRelated"})}}_createPlaylistPlayer(e,t){const 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