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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>McGill University (French: Université McGill) is an English-language <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research University</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Montreal,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal, Quebec">Montreal, Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. Founded in 1821 by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Frost,_Stanley_Brice_1895-12">[12]</a> the University bears the name of <a href="/wiki/James_McGill" title="James McGill">James McGill</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> merchant,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Bequest" class="mw-redirect" title="Bequest">bequest</a> in 1813 established the University of McGill College. In 1885, the name was officially changed to McGill University. <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">McGill University</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:McGill_University_CoA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/McGill_University_CoA.svg/110px-McGill_University_CoA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/McGill_University_CoA.svg/165px-McGill_University_CoA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/29/McGill_University_CoA.svg/220px-McGill_University_CoA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="347"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_McGill_University" title="Heraldry of McGill University">Coat of arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Université McGill (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">McGill College or University of McGill College (1821–1885)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><div lang="la"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Grandescunt Aucta Labore</li><li>On legend: In Domino Confido</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>By work, all things increase and grow</li><li>On legend: I trust in the Lord<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">March 31, 1821; 203 years ago (1821-03-31)<a href="#cite_note-Charter-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_McGill" title="James McGill">James McGill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliation</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">AAU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">ACU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Universities_and_Colleges_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada">AUCC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">AUF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Theological_Schools_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada">ATS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_of_Research_Libraries" title="Canadian Association of Research Libraries">CARL</a>, CBIE, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_de_coop%C3%A9ration_interuniversitaire" title="Bureau de coopération interuniversitaire">BCI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_University_Society_for_Intercollegiate_Debate" title="Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate">CUSID</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_University_Leaders_Forum" title="Global University Leaders Forum">GULF</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arctic" title="University of the Arctic">UArctic</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Academic_Impact" title="United Nations Academic Impact">UNAI</a>, <a href="/wiki/U15_Group_of_Canadian_Research_Universities" title="U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities">U15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universities_Research_Association" title="Universities Research Association">URA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">CA$2.109 billion<a href="#cite_note-endowment-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">CA$1.555 billion<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chair_(officer)" title="Chair (officer)">Chair</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Maryse Bertrand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boivin" title="Pierre Boivin">Pierre Boivin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deep_Saini" title="Deep Saini">H. Deep Saini</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Visitor" title="Visitor">Visitor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Simon" title="Mary Simon">Mary Simon</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,476 (staff) 1,747 tenure track, 1,667 non-tenure track (faculty)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,327<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">39,513 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-students-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27,085 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-students-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10,344 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-students-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other students</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,084 (2022)<a href="#cite_note-students-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Montreal,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal, Quebec">Montreal, Quebec</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=McGill_University&params=45_30_15_N_73_34_29_W_region:CA-QC_type:edu">45°30′15″N 73°34′29″W / 45.50417°N 73.57472°W / 45.50417; -73.57472</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Urban</li><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">Downtown</a>: 32 ha (80 acres)<a href="#cite_note-mcgill.ca1-10">[10]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Campus" title="Macdonald Campus">Macdonald Campus</a>: 650 ha (1,600 acres)<a href="#cite_note-mcgill.ca1-10">[10]</a></li><li><a href="#Outaouais_campus">Outaouais Campus</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspapers</th><td class="infobox-data">The McGill Daily The Tribune</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data">McGill Red and White<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;" aria-hidden="true"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; height:1.75em"> <td style="background: #ED1B2F; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; font-size:50%;"> </td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/McGill_Redbirds_and_Martlets" title="McGill Redbirds and Martlets">McGill Redbirds and Martlets</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Interuniversity_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Interuniversity Sport">CIS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Student_Sport_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Student Sport Federation">RSEQ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_University_Field_Lacrosse_Association" title="Canadian University Field Lacrosse Association">CUFLA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Intercollegiate_Sailing_Association" title="New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association">NEISA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Marty the <a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">Martlet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/">www.mcgill.ca</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:McGill_University_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/McGill_University_Logo.png/220px-McGill_University_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/McGill_University_Logo.png/330px-McGill_University_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/McGill_University_Logo.png/440px-McGill_University_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="153"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Currently, McGill has an enrollment of close to 35,000 students. Its main campus is on the slope of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">downtown Montreal</a> in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Ville-Marie,_Montreal" title="Ville-Marie, Montreal">Ville-Marie</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Campus" title="Macdonald Campus">second campus</a> situated in <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec">Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue</a>, 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the main campus on Montreal Island. The University is one of two members of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a> located outside the United States,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, and is the only Canadian member of the <a href="/wiki/Global_University_Leaders_Forum" title="Global University Leaders Forum">Global University Leaders Forum</a> (GULF) within the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McGill_newsroom-15">[15]</a> The University offers degrees and diplomas in over 300 fields of study. Most students are enrolled in the six largest faculties: <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Science" title="McGill University Faculty of Science">Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine">Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Education" title="McGill University Faculty of Education">Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="McGill University Faculty of Engineering">Engineering</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Desautels_Faculty_of_Management" title="Desautels Faculty of Management">Management</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Enrolment-16">[16]</a> McGill alumni, faculty, and affiliates include 12 <a href="/wiki/List_of_McGill_University_people#Nobel_Prize_graduates_and_faculty_members" title="List of McGill University people">Nobel laureates</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[17]</a> and 148 <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodes Scholars">Rhodes Scholars</a>,<a href="#cite_note-McDevitt-18">[18]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">current prime minister</a> and two former <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">prime ministers of Canada</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governors General of Canada</a>. McGill alumni also include 9 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> winners,<a href="#cite_note-Award-19">[note 1]</a> 13 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winners,<a href="#cite_note-Grammy-20">[note 2]</a> 13 <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> winners,<a href="#cite_note-Emmy-21">[note 3]</a> four <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winners,<a href="#cite_note-Pulitzer-24">[note 4]</a> and 121 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympians</a> with over 35 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> medals.<a href="#cite_note-Olympians-25">[21]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Royal_Institution_for_the_Advancement_of_Learning">1.1 Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#McGill_College">1.2 McGill College</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#University_development">1.3 University development</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Campus_expansions">1.3.1 Campus expansions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Women's_education">1.3.2 Women's education</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#McGill_in_the_Great_War">1.4 McGill in the Great War</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Founder_of_universities_and_colleges">1.5 Founder of universities and colleges</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Controversy">1.6 Controversy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Campus">2 Campus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Downtown_campus">2.1 Downtown campus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Residence_system">2.1.1 Residence system</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Macdonald_campus">2.2 Macdonald campus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Outaouais_campus">2.3 Outaouais campus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#McGill_University_Health_Centre_redevelopment_plan">2.4 McGill University Health Centre redevelopment plan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Sustainability">2.5 Sustainability</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#McGill_Community_for_Lifelong_Learning">2.6 McGill Community for Lifelong Learning</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Other_facilities">2.7 Other facilities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Administration_and_organization">3 Administration and organization</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Structure">3.1 Structure</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#University_identity_and_culture">3.2 University identity and culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Exchange_and_study_abroad">3.3 Exchange and study abroad</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Finances">3.4 Finances</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Academics">4 Academics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Admissions">4.1 Admissions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Undergraduate">4.1.1 Undergraduate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#Law">4.1.2 Law</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Medicine">4.1.3 Medicine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#MBA">4.1.4 MBA</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Teaching_and_learning">4.2 Teaching and learning</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Language_policy">4.3 Language policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Rankings_and_reputation">4.4 Rankings and reputation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Research">4.5 Research</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Libraries,_archives_and_museums">4.6 Libraries, archives and museums</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Student_life">5 Student life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Student_body">5.1 Student body</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Student_organizations">5.2 Student organizations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#Student_media">5.2.1 Student media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Greek_life">5.2.2 Greek life</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Athletics">5.3 Athletics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#Athletic_history">5.3.1 Athletic history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#Rivalries">5.3.2 Rivalries</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Notable_people">6 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#See_also">7 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#Notes">8 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#Further_reading">10 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Institution_for_the_Advancement_of_Learning">Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_McGill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/James_McGill.jpg/170px-James_McGill.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="765"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 219px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/James_McGill.jpg/170px-James_McGill.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="219" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/James_McGill.jpg/255px-James_McGill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/James_McGill.jpg/340px-James_McGill.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_McGill" title="James McGill">James McGill</a>, the original <a href="/wiki/Benefactor_(law)" title="Benefactor (law)">benefactor</a> of McGill University</figcaption></figure> The Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning (RIAL) was created in 1801 under an Act of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Lower_Canada" title="Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada">Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada</a> (41 George III Chapter 17), An Act for the establishment of Free Schools and the Advancement of Learning in this Province.<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> The RIAL was initially authorized to operate two new Royal Grammar Schools, in Quebec City and in Montreal. This was a turning point for public education in Lower Canada as the schools were created by legislation, which showed the government's willingness to support the costs of education and even the salary of a schoolmaster. This was an important first step in the creation of non-denominational schools. When James McGill died in 1813, his bequest was administered by the RIAL. In 1846 the Royal Grammar School in Quebec City closed, and the one in Montreal merged with the <a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Montreal" title="High School of Montreal">High School of Montreal</a>. By the mid-19th century, the RIAL had lost control of the other eighty-two <a href="/wiki/Grammar_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammar schools">grammar schools</a> it had administered.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> However, in 1853 it took over the High School of Montreal from the school's board of directors and continued to operate it until 1870.<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> Thereafter, its sole remaining purpose was to administer the McGill bequest on behalf of the private college. The RIAL continues to exist today; it is the <a href="/wiki/Corporate_identity" title="Corporate identity">corporate identity</a> that runs the University and its various constituent bodies, including the former Macdonald College (now Macdonald Campus), the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Neurological_Institute_and_Hospital" title="Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital">Montreal Neurological Institute</a>, and the Royal Victoria College (the former women's college turned residence). Since the revised Royal Charter of 1852, the trustees of the RIAL are the board of governors of McGill University.<a href="#cite_note-Frost,_Stanley_Brice_1895-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McGill_College">McGill College</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="George Jehoshaphat Mountain.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg/150px-George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1674"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg/150px-George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg" data-alt="George Jehoshaphat Mountain.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg/225px-George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg/300px-George_Jehoshaphat_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The first Principal of McGill College, The Rt. Rev. <a href="/wiki/George_Mountain" title="George Mountain">George Mountain</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/James_McGill" title="James McGill">James McGill</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland, on October 6, 1744. He was a successful merchant in Quebec, having matriculated into the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a> in 1756.<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> Soon afterwards, McGill left for North America to explore the business opportunities there, especially in the fur trade. McGill was also a slave owner, and the McGill household enslaved at least five Black and Indigenous people.<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> Between 1811 and 1813,<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> he drew up a will leaving his "Burnside estate", a 19-hectare (47-acre) tract of rural land and 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pounds</a> to the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kip-36">[32]</a> As a condition of the bequest, the land and funds had to be used for the establishment of a "University or College, for the purposes of Education and the Advancement of Learning in the said Province."<a href="#cite_note-Charter-2">[2]</a> The will specified a private, constituent college<a href="#cite_note-Frost,_Stanley_Brice_1895-12">[12]</a> bearing his name would have to be established within ten years of his death; otherwise, the bequest would revert to the heirs of his wife.<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> On March 31, 1821, after protracted <a href="/wiki/Legal_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal battle">legal battles</a> with the Desrivières family (the heirs of his wife), McGill College received a royal charter from <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">King George IV</a>. The charter provided the college should be deemed and taken as a <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a>, with the power of conferring <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degrees</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Charter-2">[2]</a> The third <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Quebec" title="Anglican Diocese of Quebec">Lord Bishop of Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Right_Reverend" title="The Right Reverend">The Right Reverend</a> <a href="/wiki/Dr." class="mw-redirect" title="Dr.">Dr.</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Mountain" title="George Mountain">George Mountain</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Civil_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Civil Laws">DCL</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>) was appointed the first principal of McGill College and a professor of divinity. He is also responsible for the creation of <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_University" title="Bishop's University">Bishop's University</a> in 1843 and <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_College_School" title="Bishop's College School">Bishop's College School</a> in 1836 in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Townships" title="Eastern Townships">Eastern Townships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_development">University development</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Campus_expansions">Campus expansions</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg/170px-Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="754"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg/170px-Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg/255px-Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg/340px-Sir_William_Dawson_1884.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_William_Dawson" title="John William Dawson">John William Dawson</a>, Principal of McGill University, 1855–1893</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arts_Building,_McGill_University,_Aug_31_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg/220px-Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7512" data-file-height="5008"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg/220px-Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg/330px-Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg/440px-Arts_Building%2C_McGill_University%2C_Aug_31_2022.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/McCall_MacBain_Arts_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="McCall MacBain Arts Building">Arts Building</a>, completed in 1843 and designed by <a href="/wiki/John_Ostell" title="John Ostell">John Ostell</a>, is the oldest existing building on campus.</figcaption></figure> Although McGill College received its Royal Charter in 1821, it was inactive until 1829 when the Montreal Medical Institution, which had been founded in 1823, became the college's first academic unit and Canada's first medical school. The Faculty of Medicine granted its first degree, a Doctorate of Medicine and Surgery, in 1833; this was also the first medical degree to be awarded in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</a> remained the school's only functioning faculty until 1843 when the Faculty of Arts commenced teaching in the newly constructed <a href="/wiki/McCall_MacBain_Arts_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="McCall MacBain Arts Building">Arts Building</a> and East Wing (Dawson Hall).<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> The <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Law" title="McGill University Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a> was founded in 1848 and is also the oldest of its kind in the nation. In 1896, the <a href="/wiki/McGill_School_of_Architecture" title="McGill School of Architecture">McGill School of Architecture</a> was the second architecture school to be established in Canada, six years after the University of Toronto in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_William_Dawson" title="John William Dawson">Sir John William Dawson</a>, McGill's principal from 1855 to 1893, is often credited with transforming the school into a modern University.<a href="#cite_note-transformation-42">[38]</a> William Spier designed the addition of the West Wing of the Arts Building for William Molson, 1861.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Francis_Dunlop" title="Alexander Francis Dunlop">Alexander Francis Dunlop</a> designed major alterations to the East Wing of McGill College (now called the Arts Building, McGill University) for Prof. Bovey and the Science Dept., 1888.<a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> George Allan Ross designed the Pathology Building, 1922–23; the Neurological Institute, 1933; Neurological Institute addition 1938 at McGill University.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> Jean Julien Perrault (architect) designed the <a href="/wiki/McTavish_Street" title="McTavish Street">McTavish Street</a> residence for Charles E. Gravel, which is now called David Thompson House (1934).<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women's_education">Women's education</h4></div> Women's education at McGill began in 1884 when <a href="/wiki/Donald_Smith,_1st_Baron_Strathcona_and_Mount_Royal" title="Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal">Donald Smith</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Baron_Strathcona_and_Mount_Royal" title="Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal">Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal</a>), began funding separate lectures for women, given by University staff members. The first degrees granted to women at McGill were conferred in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> In 1899, the Royal Victoria College (RVC) opened as a residential college for women at McGill with <a href="/wiki/Hilda_D._Oakeley" title="Hilda D. Oakeley">Hilda D. Oakeley</a> as the head. Until the 1970s, all female undergraduate students, known as "Donaldas," were considered to be members of RVC.<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> Beginning in the autumn of 2010, the newer Tower section of Royal Victoria College became a mixed gender dormitory, whereas the older West Wing remains strictly for women. Both the Tower and the West Wing of Royal Victoria College form part of the University's residence system.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Victoria_College-49">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McGill_in_the_Great_War">McGill in the Great War</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg/220px-2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4852" data-file-height="1825"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 83px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg/220px-2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="83" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg/330px-2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg/440px-2nd_University_Company_at_McGill_1915.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Second University Company prior to their departure for France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McGill_University,_Stained_Glass_War_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/McGill_University%2C_Stained_Glass_War_Memorial.jpg/220px-McGill_University%2C_Stained_Glass_War_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="457"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 233px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/McGill_University%2C_Stained_Glass_War_Memorial.jpg/220px-McGill_University%2C_Stained_Glass_War_Memorial.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="233" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/McGill_University%2C_Stained_Glass_War_Memorial.jpg/330px-McGill_University%2C_Stained_Glass_War_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/McGill_University%2C_Stained_Glass_War_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Stained Glass Great War Memorial entrance to the Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art</figcaption></figure> Many students and alumni enlisted in the first wave of patriotic fervour that swept the nation in 1914 at the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, but in the spring of 1915—after the first wave of heavy Canadian casualties at Ypres—Hamilton Gault, the founder of the Canadian regiment and a wealthy Montreal businessman, was faced with a desperate shortage of troops. When he reached out to his friends at home for support, over two hundred were commissioned from the ranks, and many more would serve as soldiers throughout the war. On their return to Canada after the war, Major George McDonald and Major <a href="/wiki/George_Selkirk_Currie" title="George Selkirk Currie">George Currie</a> formed the accounting firm McDonald Currie, which later became one of the founders of <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">Price Waterhouse Coopers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> Captain <a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson" title="Percival Molson">Percival Molson</a> was killed in action in July 1917. <a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Percival Molson Memorial Stadium</a> at McGill is named in his honour. The War Memorial Hall (more generally known as Memorial Hall) is a landmark building on the campus of McGill University. At the dedication ceremony, the Governor General of Canada (<a href="/wiki/Harold_Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Tunis" title="Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis">Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis</a>) laid the cornerstone. Dedicated on October 6, 1946, the Memorial Hall and adjoining Memorial Pool honour students who had enlisted and died in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. In Memorial Hall, there are two Stained Glass Regimental badges, World War I and World War II Memorial Windows by <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Kelsey" title="Charles William Kelsey">Charles William Kelsey</a> c. 1950/1.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> A war memorial window (1950) by Charles William Kelsey in the McGill War Memorial Hall depicts the figure of St. Michael and the badges of the Navy, Army and the Air Force. A Great War memorial window featuring Saint George and a slain dragon at the entrance to the Blackader-Lauterman Library of Architecture and Art is dedicated to the memory of 23 members of the McGill chapter of <a href="/wiki/Delta_Upsilon" title="Delta Upsilon">Delta Upsilon</a> who gave their lives in the Great War.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> There is a memorial archway at <a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Campus" title="Macdonald Campus">Macdonald Campus</a>, two additional floors added to the existing <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Currie" title="Arthur Currie">Sir Arthur Currie</a> gymnasium, a hockey rink and funding for an annual Memorial Assembly. A Book of Remembrance on a marble table contains the names of those lost in both World Wars. On November 11, 2012, the McGill Remembers website launched; the University War Records Office collected documents between 1940 and 1946 related to McGill students, staff and faculty in the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founder_of_universities_and_colleges">Founder of universities and colleges</h3></div> McGill was instrumental in founding several major universities and colleges. It established the first post-secondary institutions in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> to provide degree programs to the growing cities of <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a>. It chartered <a href="/wiki/Victoria_College,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria College, British Columbia">Victoria College</a> in 1903 as an affiliated junior college of McGill, offering first and second-year courses in arts and science, until it became today's <a href="/wiki/University_of_Victoria" title="University of Victoria">University of Victoria</a>. British Columbia's first University was incorporated in Vancouver in 1908 as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">McGill University College of British Columbia</a>. The private institution granted McGill degrees until it became the independent University of British Columbia in 1915.<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dawson_College" title="Dawson College">Dawson College</a> began in 1945 as a satellite campus of McGill to absorb the anticipated influx of students after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Many students in their first three years in the Faculty of Engineering took courses at Dawson College to relieve the McGill campus for the later two years for their degree course. Dawson eventually became independent of McGill and evolved into the first English <a href="/wiki/CEGEP" title="CEGEP">CEGEP</a> in Quebec. Another CEGEP, <a href="/wiki/John_Abbott_College" title="John Abbott College">John Abbott College</a>, was established in 1971 at the campus of McGill's Macdonald College.<a href="#cite_note-Dawson+JAC-55">[51]</a> Both founders of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a>, Premier <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cameron_Rutherford" title="Alexander Cameron Rutherford">Alexander Cameron Rutherford</a> of Alberta and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Marshall_Tory" title="Henry Marshall Tory">Henry Marshall Tory</a>, were also McGill alumni. In addition, McGill alumni and professors, <a href="/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler">Sir William Osler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Atwood_Kelly" title="Howard Atwood Kelly">Howard Atwood Kelly</a>, were among the four founders and early faculty members of the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> Osler eventually became the first Physician-in-Chief of the new <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, US in 1889. He led the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</a> in 1893.<a href="#cite_note-OslerJohnHopkins-57">[53]</a> Other McGill alumni founded the <a href="/wiki/Schulich_School_of_Medicine_%26_Dentistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry">Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry</a> in the 1880s.<a href="#cite_note-SchulichMedDent-58">[54]</a>By 1961, McGill had an enrolment of 8,507 students and 925 graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> Since the 1960s McGill has experienced government funding curtailment.<a href="#cite_note-McGill_budget_cuts-60">[56]</a> According to a 2016 report, McGill had a $1.3 billion deferred maintenance bill.<a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a> The report also identified that 73 per cent of the University's buildings were in poor or very poor shape.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversy">Controversy</h3></div> McGill University, alongside other universities like the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Faculty_of_Medicine" title="University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine">University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine</a>, had longstanding quotas in place from 1920 to the late 1960s on the number of Jews admitted to the respective universities.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> The quota limited the Jewish student population in medicine and law to at most 10 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> McGill University was the subject of controversy when in January 2023, McGill University's Centre for Human Rights and Legal Pluralism (CHRLP) hosted the event, titled Sex vs. Gender (Identity) Debate In the United Kingdom and the Divorce of LGB from T. It was led by McGill alumnus Robert Wintemute. Transgender activist groups stormed the talk at McGill led by a speaker associated with a group they claimed was "notoriously transphobic and trans-exclusionary." The talk was cancelled shortly after it started.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downtown_campus">Downtown campus</h3></div> McGill's main campus is located in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Montreal" title="Downtown Montreal">downtown Montreal</a> at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Royal" title="Mount Royal">Mount Royal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> Most of its buildings are in a park-like campus (also known as the Lower Campus) north of <a href="/wiki/Sherbrooke_Street" title="Sherbrooke Street">Sherbrooke Street</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/Pine_Avenue" title="Pine Avenue">Pine Avenue</a> between <a href="/wiki/Peel_Street,_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Peel Street, Montreal">Peel</a> and Aylmer streets. The campus extends west of Peel Street (also known as Upper Campus) for several blocks, starting north of <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Penfield_Avenue" title="Doctor Penfield Avenue">Doctor Penfield</a>; the campus also streches east of <a href="/wiki/University_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="University Street">University Street</a>, starting north of Pine Avenue, an area that includes McGill's <a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Percival Molson Memorial Stadium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Neurological_Institute_and_Hospital" title="Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital">Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital</a>. The community immediately east of University Street and south of Pine Avenue is known as <a href="/wiki/Milton_Park,_Montreal" title="Milton Park, Montreal">Milton-Park</a>, where a large number of students reside. The campus is near the <a href="/wiki/Peel_(Montreal_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peel (Montreal Metro)">Peel</a> and <a href="/wiki/McGill_(Montreal_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill (Montreal Metro)">McGill</a> <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Metro</a> stations. A major downtown boulevard, <a href="/wiki/McGill_College_Avenue" title="McGill College Avenue">McGill College Avenue</a>, leads up to the Roddick Gates, the University's formal entrance. Many of the major University buildings were constructed using local grey <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, which serves as a unifying element.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> A number of these buildings are connected by indoor tunnels.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> The University's first classes were held in at Burnside Place, James McGill's country home.<a href="#cite_note-Kip-36">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> Burnside Place remained the sole educational facility until the 1840s, when the school began construction on its first buildings: the central and east wings of the Arts Building.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> The rest of the campus was essentially a cow <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pasture</a>, a situation similar to the few other Canadian universities and early American colleges of the age.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> The University's athletic facilities, including <a href="/wiki/Molson_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Molson Stadium">Molson Stadium</a>, are on Mount Royal, near the residence halls and the Montreal Neurological Institute. The Gymnasium is named in honour of General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_William_Currie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur William Currie">Sir Arthur William Currie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Residence_system">Residence system</h4></div> McGill's residence system comprises 16 properties providing dormitories, apartments, and hotel-style housing to approximately 3,100 undergraduate students and some graduate students from the downtown and Macdonald campuses.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> With the exception of students returning as "<a href="/wiki/Resident_assistant" title="Resident assistant">floor fellows</a>," few McGill students live in <a href="/wiki/Dormitory" title="Dormitory">residence</a> after their first year of undergraduate study, even if they are not from the Montreal area. Most second-year students transition to off-campus apartment housing. Many students settle in the <a href="/wiki/Milton_Park,_Montreal" title="Milton Park, Montreal">Milton-Park</a> neighbourhood, sometimes called the "McGill Ghetto,"<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> which is the neighbourhood directly to the east of the downtown campus. Students have also moved to areas such as <a href="/wiki/Mile_End,_Montreal" title="Mile End, Montreal">Mile End</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Plateau-Mont-Royal" title="Le Plateau-Mont-Royal">The Plateau</a>, and even as far as <a href="/wiki/Verdun,_Quebec" title="Verdun, Quebec">Verdun</a> because of rising rent prices.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> Many first-year students live in the Upper Residence.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> Royal Victoria College opened as a residential college for women in 1899, but its Tower section became mixed gender in September 2010 while its West Wing remains strictly for women.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Victoria_College-49">[45]</a> The college's original building was designed by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Price" title="Bruce Price">Bruce Price</a> and its extension was designed by <a href="/wiki/Percy_Erskine_Nobbs" title="Percy Erskine Nobbs">Percy Erskine Nobbs</a> and George Taylor Hyde.<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> A statue of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> by her daughter <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise,_Duchess_of_Argyll" title="Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll">Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll</a>, stands in front of the building.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macdonald_campus">Macdonald campus</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Campus" title="Macdonald Campus">Macdonald Campus</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MacdonaldCollege1906.gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/MacdonaldCollege1906.gif/220px-MacdonaldCollege1906.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="360"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/MacdonaldCollege1906.gif/220px-MacdonaldCollege1906.gif" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/MacdonaldCollege1906.gif/330px-MacdonaldCollege1906.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/MacdonaldCollege1906.gif/440px-MacdonaldCollege1906.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Macdonald Campus under construction in 1906</figcaption></figure> A second campus, the <a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Campus" title="Macdonald Campus">Macdonald Campus</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec">Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue</a> houses the Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, the School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, the Institute of Parasitology, and the McGill School of Environment. As of fall 2020, despite a decrease in enrollment from the previous year's 1,962 students, the campus has a total of 1,892 actively enrolled students, including those studying part-time and full-time, across all available programs. Of the total, 1,212 students are pursuing an undergraduate degree, 374 are pursuing a Masters-level degree, and 248 are pursuing a Doctoral-level degree, respectively. There is a high international student presence, since over 1 in 5 students are from outside Canada. The campus is considered by many to be quieter than the Downtown Montreal campus. The <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Arboretum" title="Morgan Arboretum">Morgan Arboretum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/J._S._Marshall_Radar_Observatory" title="J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory">J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory</a> are nearby. The Morgan <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">Arboretum</a> was created in 1945. It is a 2.5-square-kilometre (0.965 sq mi) forested reserve. Its mandated goals are to continue research related to maintaining the health of the Arboretum <a href="/wiki/Plantations" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantations">plantations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodlands</a>, to develop new programs related to selecting <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> <a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adapted</a> to developing environmental conditions and to enhance <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biological diversity</a> in both natural stands and plantations.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outaouais_campus">Outaouais campus</h3></div> In 2019, McGill announced the construction of a new campus for its Faculty of Medicine in <a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a>, Quebec, which will allow students from the <a href="/wiki/Outaouais" title="Outaouais">Outaouais</a> region to complete their undergraduate medical education locally and in French. Medical students began using the new facility in August 2020.<a href="#cite_note-gat-84">[80]</a> The new facility is located above the emergency room at Gatineau Hospital, part of the Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux (CISSS) de l'Outaouais, in addition to new offices for the associated Family Medicine Unit for <a href="/wiki/Residency_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Residency training">residency training</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gat-84">[80]</a> Although the preparatory year for students entering the undergraduate medical education program from CEGEP was initially planned to be offered solely at the McGill downtown campus in Montreal,<a href="#cite_note-gat-84">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_en_Outaouais" title="Université du Québec en Outaouais">Université du Québec en Outaouais</a> made it possible to offer the program entirely in Gatineau.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McGill_University_Health_Centre_redevelopment_plan">McGill University Health Centre redevelopment plan</h3></div> In 2006, the Quebec government initiated a $1.6 billion <a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">LEED</a> redevelopment project for the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Health_Centre" title="McGill University Health Centre">McGill University Health Centre</a> (MUHC). The project will expand facilities to two separate campuses<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> and consolidate the various hospitals of the MUHC on the site of an old <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">CP</a> <a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">rail yard</a> adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%B4me_(Montreal_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vendôme (Montreal Metro)">Vendôme</a> <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Metro" title="Montreal Metro">Metro</a> station. This site, known as Glen Yards, comprises 170,000 square metres (1,800,000 sq ft) and spans portions of Montreal's <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Gr%C3%A2ce" title="Notre-Dame-de-Grâce">Notre-Dame-de-Grâce</a> neighbourhood and the city of <a href="/wiki/Westmount,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Westmount, Quebec">Westmount</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> The Glen Yards project has been controversial due to local opposition to the project, environmental issues, and the project's cost.<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h3></div> In 2007, McGill premiered its Office of Sustainability and added a second full-time position in this area, the Director of Sustainability in addition to the Sustainability Officer.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainability-90">[86]</a> Recent efforts in implementing its sustainable development plan include the new Life Sciences Centre which was built with LEED-Silver certification and a green roof, as well as an increase in parking rates in January 2008 to fund other sustainability projects.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainability-90">[86]</a> Other student projects include The Flat: Bike Collective, which promotes alternative transportation, and the Farmer's Market, which occurs during the fall harvest.<a href="#cite_note-Office_of_Sustainability:_Campus_Committees_and_Groups-91">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McGill_Community_for_Lifelong_Learning">McGill Community for Lifelong Learning</h3></div> Founded in 1989, the McGill Community for Lifelong Learning (MCLL) is an educational community for senior learners housed in the McGill School of Continuing Studies. The program was founded by Fiona Clark, then-assistant director of continuing studies at McGill, and drew inspiration from horizontal peer-led programs, including the <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a> Institute for Learning in Retirement.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> Its educational model<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> is notably different from an instructor-led approach, and tasks seniors exploring educational interest as either study group moderators or participants. The program brings together hundreds of senior members yearly and has acted as a springboard for numerous senior-led initiatives such as social events, educational symposiums, and cultural festivals, including an internationally recognized yearly Bloomsday event on the life and work of author James Joyce.<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_facilities">Other facilities</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MUHC_Superhospital_(May_2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/MUHC_Superhospital_%28May_2015%29.jpg/220px-MUHC_Superhospital_%28May_2015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 95px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/MUHC_Superhospital_%28May_2015%29.jpg/220px-MUHC_Superhospital_%28May_2015%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="95" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/MUHC_Superhospital_%28May_2015%29.jpg/330px-MUHC_Superhospital_%28May_2015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/MUHC_Superhospital_%28May_2015%29.jpg/440px-MUHC_Superhospital_%28May_2015%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The newly built <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Health_Centre" title="McGill University Health Centre">McGill University Health Centre</a> at the Glen Site</figcaption></figure> McGill's <a href="/wiki/Bellairs_Research_Institute" title="Bellairs Research Institute">Bellairs Research Institute</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Saint_James,_Barbados" title="Saint James, Barbados">Saint James, Barbados</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=McGill_University&params=13_10_N_59_35_W_">13°10′N 59°35′W / 13.167°N 59.583°W / 13.167; -59.583</a>, is Canada's only teaching and research facility in the tropics.<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> The institute has been in use for over 50 years. The University also operates the <a href="/wiki/McGill_Arctic_Research_Station" title="McGill Arctic Research Station">McGill Arctic Research Station</a> on <a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, and a Subarctic Research Station in <a href="/wiki/Schefferville,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Schefferville, Quebec">Schefferville, Quebec</a>. McGill's Gault <a href="/wiki/Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Reserve">Nature Reserve</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=McGill_University&params=45_32_N_73_10_W_">45°32′N 73°10′W / 45.533°N 73.167°W / 45.533; -73.167</a>) spans over 10 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi) of forest land, the largest remaining remnant of the <a href="/wiki/Old_growth_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Old growth forest">primeval forests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> The first scientific studies at the site occurred in 1859. The site has been the site of extensive research activities: "Today there are over 400 scientific articles, 100 graduate theses, more than 50 government reports and about 30 book chapters based on research at <a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Hilaire,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec">Mont St. Hilaire</a>."<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> In addition to the McGill University Health Centre, McGill has been directly partnered with many <a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">teaching hospitals</a> for decades and has a history of collaborating with many hospitals in Montreal. These cooperations allow the University to graduate over 1,000 students in <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> each year.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> McGill's contract-affiliated teaching hospitals include the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Montreal Children's Hospital">Montreal Children's Hospital</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_General_Hospital" title="Montreal General Hospital">Montreal General Hospital</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Neurological_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Neurological Hospital">Montreal Neurological Hospital</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Chest_Institute" title="Montreal Chest Institute">Montreal Chest Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victoria_Hospital,_Montreal" title="Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal">Royal Victoria Hospital</a> which are all now part of the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Health_Centre" title="McGill University Health Centre">McGill University Health Centre</a>. Other hospitals health care students may use include the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_General_Hospital" title="Jewish General Hospital">Jewish General Hospital</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Hospital">Douglas Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Hospital_(Montreal)" title="St. Mary's Hospital (Montreal)">St. Mary's Hospital Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Hospital" title="Lachine Hospital">Lachine Hospital</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LaSalle_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LaSalle Hospital (page does not exist)">LaSalle Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakeshore_General_Hospital" title="Lakeshore General Hospital">Lakeshore General Hospital</a>, as well as health care facilities part of the CISSS.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Administration_and_organization">Administration and organization</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3></div> The University's academic units are organized into 11 main Faculties and 13 Schools.<a href="#cite_note-FS-100">[96]</a> These include the <a href="/wiki/Peter_Guo-hua_Fu_School_of_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture">School of Architecture</a>, the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_School_of_Computer_Science" title="McGill University School of Computer Science">School of Computer Science</a>, the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_School_of_Information_Studies" title="McGill University School of Information Studies">School of Information Studies</a>, the School of Human Nutrition, the Bensadoun School of Retail Management, the Max Bell School of Public Policy, the School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, the Ingram School of Nursing, the School of Social Work, the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_%E2%80%93_School_of_Urban_Planning" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University – School of Urban Planning">School of Urban Planning</a>, and the Bieler School of Environment. They also include the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Institute_of_Islamic_Studies" title="McGill University Institute of Islamic Studies">Institute of Islamic Studies</a> (established in 1952), which offers graduate courses leading to the M.A. and PhD degrees. The Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies<a href="#cite_note-gps-101">[97]</a> (GPS) oversees the admission and registration of graduate students (both master's and PhD). <table class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <td>Faculties/Schools<a href="#cite_note-FS-100">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Macdonald_Campus" title="Macdonald Campus">Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Arts">Faculty of Arts</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>School of Continuing Studies </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Dentistry" title="McGill University Faculty of Dentistry">Faculty of Dentistry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Education" title="McGill University Faculty of Education">Faculty of Education</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="McGill University Faculty of Engineering">Faculty of Engineering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Law" title="McGill University Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Desautels_Faculty_of_Management" title="Desautels Faculty of Management">Desautels Faculty of Management</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schulich_School_of_Music" title="Schulich School of Music">Schulich School of Music</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Religious_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Religious Studies">Faculty of Religious Studies</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Science" title="McGill University Faculty of Science">Faculty of Science</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_identity_and_culture">University identity and culture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_McGill_University" title="Heraldry of McGill University">Heraldry of McGill University</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mcgill_university_coa.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mcgill_university_coa.png/150px-Mcgill_university_coa.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="880"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 201px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mcgill_university_coa.png/150px-Mcgill_university_coa.png" data-width="150" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mcgill_university_coa.png/225px-Mcgill_university_coa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mcgill_university_coa.png/300px-Mcgill_university_coa.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>McGill <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a></figcaption></figure> The McGill <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> is derived from an armorial device assumed during his lifetime by the founder of the University, James McGill. It was designed in 1906 by <a href="/wiki/Percy_Erskine_Nobbs" title="Percy Erskine Nobbs">Percy Nobbs</a>, three years into his term as director of the University's <a href="/wiki/McGill_School_of_Architecture" title="McGill School of Architecture">School of Architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-History-102">[98]</a> The University's patent of arms was subsequently granted by the <a href="/wiki/Garter_Principal_King_of_Arms" title="Garter Principal King of Arms">Garter King at Arms</a> in 1922, registered in 1956 with <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon King of Arms</a> in Edinburgh, and in 1992 with the <a href="/wiki/Public_Register_of_Arms,_Flags_and_Badges_of_Canada" title="Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada">Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada</a>. In heraldic terms, the coat of arms is described as follows: "Argent three Martlets Gules, on a chief dancette of the second, an open book proper garnished or bearing the legend In Domino Confido in letters Sable between two crowns of the first. Motto: Grandescunt Aucta Labore." The coat of arms consists of two parts, the shield and the scroll. The University publishes a guide to the use of the University's arms and motto.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> The University's symbol is the <a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">martlet</a>, stemming from the presence of the mythical bird on the official <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">arms</a> of the University. The University's official colour is scarlet, which figures prominently in the <a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_McGill_University" title="Academic dress of McGill University">academic dress of McGill University</a>. McGill's motto is Grandescunt Aucta Labore, <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for "By work, all things increase and grow" (literally, "Things grown great increase by work," that is, things that grow to be great do so by means of work). The official <a href="/wiki/School_song" class="mw-redirect" title="School song">school song</a> is entitled "Hail, <a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" class="mw-redirect" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a>."<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exchange_and_study_abroad">Exchange and study abroad</h3></div> McGill maintains ties with more than 160 partner universities where students can study abroad for either one or two semesters.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> Each year, McGill hosts around 500 incoming exchange students from over 32 countries. The University offers a multitude of activities and events to integrate students into the University's community. McGill is the home to more than 10,000 foreign students who make up of more than 27 per cent of the student population.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3></div> The McGill endowment provides approximately 10 per cent of the school's annual operating revenues.<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> McGill's endowment rests within the top 10 per cent of all North American post-secondary institutions' endowments.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> As of 2022, the endowment is valued at $2.039 billion,<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_universities_by_endowment" title="List of Canadian universities by endowment">third-largest endowment among Canadian universities</a>, and remains one of the largest endowments on a per-student basis.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> McGill launched the Campaign McGill campaign in October 2007,<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> with the goal of raising over $750 million for the purpose of further "attracting and retaining top talent in Quebec, to increase access to quality education and to further enhance McGill's ability to address critical global problems."<a href="#cite_note-History_in_the_Making-112">[108]</a> The largest goal of any Canadian University fundraising campaign at the time,<a href="#cite_note-History_in_the_Making-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> the campaign was officially closed on June 18, 2013, having raised more than $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-The_Globe_and_Mail-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montreal_Gazette-115">[111]</a> Campaign McGill has since been surpassed by larger fundraising campaigns, such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>'s $3 billion FORWARD campaign and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>'s $4 billion Defy Gravity campaign.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> In 2019, McGill launched Made By McGill, a new $2 billion fundraising campaign.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> In 2019, McGill received a $200 million donation to fund the creation of the McCall MacBain Scholarships programme, the then-largest single philanthropic gift to a Canadian University, until it was surpassed in 2020 by a $250 million donation by <a href="/wiki/James_C._Temerty" title="James C. Temerty">James and Louise Temerty</a> to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-McCall_MacBain_Foundation_makes_sin-120">[116]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissions">Admissions</h3></div> McGill University has an acceptance rate of 38.1 per cent and a graduate acceptance rate of 29.2 per cent, with an enrolment rate of 19 per cent of all applicants.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> 22 per cent of all students are enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Arts">Faculty of Arts</a>, McGill's largest academic unit. Of the other larger faculties, the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Science" title="McGill University Faculty of Science">Faculty of Science</a> enrols 15 per cent, the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</a> enrols 13 per cent, the School of Continuing Studies enrols 12 per cent, the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Engineering" title="McGill University Faculty of Engineering">Faculty of Engineering</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Desautels_Faculty_of_Management" title="Desautels Faculty of Management">Desautels Faculty of Management</a> enrol about 10 per cent each.<a href="#cite_note-Enrolment-16">[16]</a> The remainder of all students are enrolled in McGill's smaller schools, including the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Agricultural_and_Environmental_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences">Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Dentistry" title="McGill University Faculty of Dentistry">Faculty of Dentistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Medicine">Faculty of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Education" title="McGill University Faculty of Education">Faculty of Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Law" title="McGill University Faculty of Law">Faculty of Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schulich_School_of_Music" title="Schulich School of Music">Schulich School of Music</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Religious_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Faculty of Religious Studies">Faculty of Religious Studies</a>. Since the 1880s,<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> McGill has been affiliated with three <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Theological Colleges</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Diocesan_Theological_College" title="Montreal Diocesan Theological College">Montreal Diocesan Theological College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglican Church of Canada</a>), <a href="/wiki/The_Presbyterian_College,_Montreal" title="The Presbyterian College, Montreal">The Presbyterian College, Montreal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Canada" title="Presbyterian Church in Canada">Presbyterian Church in Canada</a>), and United Theological College (<a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a>).<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> The University's Faculty of Religious Studies maintains additional affiliations with other theological institutions and organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_School_of_Theology" title="Montreal School of Theology">Montreal School of Theology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Undergraduate">Undergraduate</h4></div> Among Canadian universities, McGill undergraduates have the fifth highest average entering grades among high school and <a href="/wiki/CEGEP" title="CEGEP">CEGEP</a> students entering from their home province.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> Among admitted students, the median Quebec CEGEP <a href="/wiki/R-score" class="mw-redirect" title="R-score">R-score</a> was 31.9, while the median grade 12 averages for students entering McGill from outside of Quebec ranged between 93.2 per cent and 94.4 per cent (A). For American students, the median <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> scores in the verbal, mathematics, and writing sections were 730, 730, and 730, respectively. The median <a href="/wiki/ACT_(test)" title="ACT (test)">ACT</a> score was 32.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Law">Law</h4></div> Due to its bilingual nature, McGill's law school does not require applicants to sit the <a href="/wiki/Law_School_Admission_Test" title="Law School Admission Test">LSAT</a>, which is only offered in English. For students who submitted LSAT scores in the September 2019 entering class, the median LSAT score was 163 (87.8th percentile) out of a possible 180 points. Of those students who entered with a bachelor's degree, the median GPA was 86 per cent (3.8/4.0), and of those students entering from CEGEP, the average R-score was 34.29.<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medicine">Medicine</h4></div> For medical students in the 2020 entering class, of those students who entered with a bachelor's degree, the average GPA was 3.88 out of 4.0, and of those students entering from CEGEP, the average R-score was 37.10.<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> McGill does not require applicants to its medical programme to sit the <a href="/wiki/Medical_College_Admission_Test" title="Medical College Admission Test">MCAT</a> if they have an undergraduate degree from a Canadian University.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MBA">MBA</h4></div> In the Desautels Faculty of Management's MBA program, applicants had an average <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Management_Admission_Test" title="Graduate Management Admission Test">GMAT</a> score of 670 and an average GPA of 3.3.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> MBA students had an average age of 28, and five years of work experience. 95 per cent of MBA students are bilingual and 60 per cent are trilingual.<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_and_learning">Teaching and learning</h3></div> In the 2007–2008 school year, McGill offered over 340 academic programs in eleven faculties.<a href="#cite_note-level2018-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> The University also offers over 250 doctoral and master's graduate degree programs. Despite strong increases in University enrolment across North America,<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> McGill has upheld a student-faculty ratio of 16:1.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> There are nearly 1,600 <a href="/wiki/Tenure" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenure">tenured</a> or tenure-track professors teaching at the University.<a href="#cite_note-facultystaff-139">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuition_payments" title="Tuition payments">Tuition fees</a> vary significantly depending on the faculties that aspiring (graduate and undergraduate) students choose as well as their citizenship. For the undergraduate faculty of the arts, tuition fees vary for in-<a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province</a>, out-of-province, and international students, with full-time Quebec students paying around $4,333.10<a href="#cite_note-admissions_costs_at_mcgill.ca-140">[136]</a> per year, Canadian students from other provinces paying around $9,509.30<a href="#cite_note-admissions_costs_at_mcgill.ca-140">[136]</a> per year, and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">international</a> students paying $22,102.57–$41,815.92 per year.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> Since 1996, McGill, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Recreation_and_Sports_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education, Recreation and Sports (Quebec)">Quebec Ministry of Education, Recreation and Sports</a> (Ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport or MELS), has had eight categories that qualifies certain international students to be excused from paying international fees. These categories include: students from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French-speaking Belgium</a>, a quota of students from select countries which have agreements with MELS, which include <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, China, and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>,<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> students holding diplomatic status, including their <a href="/wiki/Dependent_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependent (law)">dependents</a>, and students enrolled in certain language programs leading to a degree in French.<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> In the 2008–2009 school year, McGill's graduate business program became funded by tuition. It was the last business school in Canada to do so.<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> For out-of-province first year undergraduate students, a high school average of 95 per cent is required to receive a guaranteed one-year entrance scholarship.<a href="#cite_note-Entrance-145">[141]</a> For renewal of previously earned scholarships, students generally need to be within the top 10 per cent of their faculty.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> For in-course scholarships in particular, students must be within the top 5 per cent of their faculty.<a href="#cite_note-incoursescholarships-147">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-deanshonourlist-148">[144]</a> The University has joined Project Hero, a scholarship program cofounded by General (Ret'd) <a href="/wiki/Rick_Hillier" title="Rick Hillier">Rick Hillier</a> for the families of fallen <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a> members.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> McGill is also partnered with the <a href="/wiki/STEM_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM fields">STEM</a> initiative <a href="/wiki/Schulich_Leader_Scholarships" title="Schulich Leader Scholarships">Schulich Leader Scholarships</a>, awarding an $80,000 scholarship to an incoming engineering student and a $60,000 scholarship to a student pursuing a degree in science/technology/mathematics each year.<a href="#cite_note-Schulich-150">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_policy">Language policy</h3></div> McGill is one of three English-language universities in Quebec;<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> French is not a requirement to attend.<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> The Faculty of Law does, however, require all students to be '<a href="/wiki/Passive_speaker_(language)" title="Passive speaker (language)">passively bilingual</a>' since English or French may be used at any time.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> The majority of students are fluent in at least two languages.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> Francophone students, whether from Quebec or overseas, now make up approximately 20 per cent of the student body.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-155">[151]</a> Although the language of instruction is English, since its founding McGill has allowed students to write their thesis in French, and since 1964 students in all faculties have been able to submit any graded work in either English or French, provided the objective of the class is not to learn a particular language.<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> In 1969, the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">nationalist</a> McGill français movement demanded McGill become francophone, pro-nationalist, and pro-worker.<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> The movement was led by Stanley Gray, a <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> (and possibly unaware of government plans after the 1968 legislation founding the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Université du Québec">Université du Québec</a>).<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_McGill_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Operation McGill français">A demonstration</a> was held of 10,000 trade unionists, leftist activists, CEGEP students, and even some McGill students, at the University's <a href="/wiki/Roddick_Gates" title="Roddick Gates">Roddick Gates</a> on March 28, 1969. Protesters saw English as the privileged language of commerce. McGill, where <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">Francophones</a> were only three per cent of the students, could be seen as the force maintaining economic control by <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_Quebecker" class="mw-redirect" title="English-speaking Quebecker">Anglophones</a> of a predominantly French-speaking province.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> However, the majority of students and faculty opposed such a position.<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings_and_reputation">Rankings and reputation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width:25em; font-size:80%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Canada" title="Rankings of universities in Canada">University rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">World rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a> World<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_ARWU_W-164">[160]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">74</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> World<a href="#cite_note-QS-165">[161]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> World<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_THES_W-166">[162]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">45</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> Employability<a href="#cite_note-UnivRankings_THES_GEUR-167">[163]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_University_Ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking">USNWR</a> World<a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Best_Global_Universities-168">[164]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">56 (tie) </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Canadian rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="College and university rankings">ARWU</a> National<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_ARWU_W-164">[160]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> National<a href="#cite_note-QS-165">[161]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> National<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_THES_W-166">[162]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/USNWR" class="mw-redirect" title="USNWR">USNWR</a> National<a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Best_Global_Universities-168">[164]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s#University_Ranking_Guide" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> Medical/Doctoral<a href="#cite_note-Macdoc-169">[165]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr></tbody></table> McGill ranks first in Canada among medical-doctoral universities in <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> Canadian University Rankings 2023.<a href="#cite_note-Macdoc-169">[165]</a> The University has held the top position in the ranking for 19 consecutive years.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>'s Canadian University Report 2019 categorized McGill as "above average" for its financial aid, student experience and research, and as "average" for its library resources.<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> Research Infosource ranked McGill second among Canadian universities with medical schools in its 2020 edition of Research Universities of the Year.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> Internationally, McGill ranked 30th in the world and second in Canada in the 2023 <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-QS-165">[161]</a> It also ranked 26th in the world and second in Canada in the 2023 <a href="/wiki/CWUR" class="mw-redirect" title="CWUR">CWUR World University Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> It was ranked 49th in the world and third in Canada by the 2023 <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education World University Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_THES_W-166">[162]</a> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a> ranked the University 73rd in the world, and third in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-USUnivRankings_ARWU_W-164">[160]</a> In the 2022–23 <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_University_Ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking">U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Rankings</a>, McGill was ranked 54th in the world and third in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-USNWR_Best_Global_Universities-168">[164]</a> In the Global University Employability Ranking 2022, published by <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education</a>, McGill ranked 29th in the world and second in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-UnivRankings_THES_GEUR-167">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> ranked McGill 67th in the world and second in Canada among academic institutions for high-impact research in the 2021 edition of Nature Index.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> According to Wealth-X's 2019 ranking of <a href="/wiki/Ultra_high-net-worth_individual" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra high-net-worth individual">ultra-high-net-worth</a> (UHNW) alumni — those with US$30 million or more in net worth — McGill ranked 34th in the world and eighth outside the United States.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> McGill's <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a> program, offered by the <a href="/wiki/Desautels_Faculty_of_Management" title="Desautels Faculty of Management">Desautels Faculty of Management</a>, has appeared in several rankings. <a href="/wiki/Quacquarelli_Symonds" title="Quacquarelli Symonds">Quacquarelli Symonds</a>, in its Global MBA Rankings 2021, ranked McGill's MBA 59th in the world and second in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>, in its 2020 Global MBA ranking, placed the MBA programme 91st in the world and second in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg BusinessWeek</a>'s Best Business Schools ranking 2019–2020, Desautels was ranked seventh in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> McGill is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Global_University_Leaders_Forum" title="Global University Leaders Forum">Global University Leaders Forum</a> (GULF),<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> composed of the presidents of 29 of the world's top universities.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> It is the only Canadian University member of GULF.<a href="#cite_note-McGill_newsroom-15">[15]</a> McGill is also one of only two non-American universities to be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a>, an organization of research-intensive universities.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory,_early_20th_century._(9660575343).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory%2C_early_20th_century._%289660575343%29.jpg/220px-Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory%2C_early_20th_century._%289660575343%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="924"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory%2C_early_20th_century._%289660575343%29.jpg/220px-Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory%2C_early_20th_century._%289660575343%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory%2C_early_20th_century._%289660575343%29.jpg/330px-Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory%2C_early_20th_century._%289660575343%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory%2C_early_20th_century._%289660575343%29.jpg/440px-Sir_Ernest_Rutherfords_laboratory%2C_early_20th_century._%289660575343%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The laboratory of Rutherford, early 20th century</figcaption></figure> McGill is affiliated with 12 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Laureate">Nobel Laureates</a>, and professors have won major teaching prizes. According to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Universities_and_Colleges_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada">Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada</a>, "researchers at McGill are affiliated with about 75 major research centres and networks, and are engaged in an extensive array of research partnerships with other universities, government and industry in Quebec and Canada, throughout North America and in dozens of other countries."<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> In 2016, McGill had over $547 million of sponsored research income, the second-highest in Canada,<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> and a research intensity per faculty of $317,600, the third highest among full-service universities in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> McGill has one of the largest patent portfolios among Canadian universities.<a href="#cite_note-research07-08-185">[181]</a> McGill's researchers are supported by the <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Library" title="McGill University Library">McGill University Library</a>, which comprises 13 branch libraries and holds over 11.5 million items.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> Since 1926, McGill has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a> (AAU), an organization of leading research universities in North America. McGill is a founding member of <a href="/wiki/Universitas_21" title="Universitas 21">Universitas 21</a>, an international network of leading research-intensive universities that work together to expand their global reach and advance their plans for internationalization. McGill is one of 26 members of the <a href="/wiki/Global_University_Leaders_Forum" title="Global University Leaders Forum">Global University Leaders Forum</a> (GULF), which acts as an intellectual community within the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> to advise its leadership on matters relating to higher education and research. It is the only Canadian University member of GULF. McGill is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/U15_Group_of_Canadian_Research_Universities" title="U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities">U15</a>, a group of prominent research universities within Canada.<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a> began as McGill in 1963 and amalgamated with Queen's in 1969. McGill-Queen's University Press focuses on Canadian studies and publishes the Canadian Public Administration Series.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg/220px-Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 237px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg/220px-Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="237" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg/330px-Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg/440px-Electron_shell_086_Radon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Radon, discovered at McGill by physicist <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler">Sir William Osler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilder_Penfield" title="Wilder Penfield">Wilder Penfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Olding_Hebb" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Olding Hebb">Donald Hebb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Ewen_Cameron" title="Donald Ewen Cameron">Donald Ewen Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Milner" title="Brenda Milner">Brenda Milner</a>, and others made significant discoveries in <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> while working at McGill, many at the University's <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Neurological_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Neurological Institute">Montreal Neurological Institute</a>. The first hormone governing the Immune System (later christened the Cytokine 'Interleukin-2') was discovered at McGill in 1965 by Gordon & McLean.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> The invention of the world's first artificial cell was made by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chang" title="Thomas Chang">Thomas Chang</a> while an undergraduate student at the University.<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> While chair of physics at McGill, nuclear physicist <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> performed the experiment that led to the discovery of the alpha particle and its function in radioactive decay, which won him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.<a href="#cite_note-Rutherford-191">[187]</a> Alumnus <a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak">Jack W. Szostak</a> was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in medicine for discovering a key mechanism in the genetic operations of cells, an insight that has inspired new lines of research into cancer.<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries,_archives_and_museums">Libraries, archives and museums</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Library" title="McGill University Library">McGill University Library</a> comprises 12 branch libraries containing 11.5 million items in its collection.<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> Its branches include the Department of Rare Books & Special Collections, which holds about 350,000 items, including books, manuscripts, maps, prints, and a general rare book collection.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Studies_Library" title="Islamic Studies Library">Islamic Studies Library</a> contains over 125,000 volumes and a growing number of electronic resources covering the whole of Islamic civilization, including approximately 3,000 rare books and manuscripts.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</a> is the largest medical history library in Canada and one of the most comprehensive in the world.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg/330px-Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg/440px-Elizabeth_Wirth_Music_Building_-_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Elizabeth Wirth Music Building, also a library, sits adjacent to the old Strathcona Music Building.</figcaption></figure> The McGill University Archives – now administered as part of the McGill Library – consist of manuscripts, texts, photographs, audio-visual material, architectural records, cartographic materials, prints, drawings, microforms and artifacts.<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> In 1962 F. Cyril James declared that the newly founded McGill University Archives (MUA), while concentrating on the institutional records of McGill, had the mandate to acquire private papers of former faculty members. In the 1990s drew back their acquisition scope, and in 2004, new terms of reference on private acquisitions were introduced that included a wider McGill Community.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Redpath_Museum" title="Redpath Museum">Redpath Museum</a> houses collections of interest to <a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">ethnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">paleontology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a>. Built in 1882, the Redpath is the oldest building in Canada built specifically to be a museum.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> The McGill Medical Museum catalogues, preserves, conserves and displays collections that document the study and practice of medicine at McGill University and its associated teaching hospitals. The Medical museum features collections, individual specimens, artifacts, equipment logbooks, autopsy journals, paper materials and medical instruments and apparatus, 25 wax models, 200 mostly skeletal dry specimens, and 400 lantern slides of anatomic specimens. There is a special emphasis on pathology; there are 2000 fluid-filled preserved anatomical and pathological specimens. The <a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine#Collection" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler collection</a>, for example, consists of 60 wet specimens, while The Abbott collection consists of 80 wet specimens, mostly examples of congenital cardiac disease.<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_body">Student body</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proud_graduates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Proud_graduates.jpg/220px-Proud_graduates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6592" data-file-height="8459"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 282px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Proud_graduates.jpg/220px-Proud_graduates.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="282" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Proud_graduates.jpg/330px-Proud_graduates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Proud_graduates.jpg/440px-Proud_graduates.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>PhD candidates march at Commencement in McGill's distinctive <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_(color)" title="Scarlet (color)">scarlet</a> regalia.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a></figcaption></figure> As of Fall 2021, McGill's student population includes 26,765 <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate">undergraduate</a> and 10,411 <a href="/wiki/Graduate_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate student">graduate students</a> representing diverse geographic and linguistic backgrounds. Of the entire student population, 46.8 per cent are from Quebec and 22.8 per cent are from the rest of Canada, while 30.4 per cent are from outside of Canada. International students hail from about 150 countries,<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> with many students coming from the United States, China, and France.<a href="#cite_note-EnrolmentReports-203">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> Over half of McGill students claim a first language other than English, with 19.7 per cent of the students claiming French as their mother tongue and 33.5 per cent claiming a language other than English and French, compared to 46.8 per cent who claim English as their mother tongue.<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a> In Fall 2021, 34,379 students were enrolled in full-time studies, while 4,888 students enrolled in part-time studies.<a href="#cite_note-EnrolmentReports-203">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_organizations">Student organizations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Students' Society of McGill University" redirects here. For other uses of the abbreviation "SSMU", see <a href="/wiki/SSMU" class="mw-disambig" title="SSMU">SSMU (disambiguation)</a>.</div> The campus has an active <a href="/wiki/Students%27_union" title="Students' union">students' society</a> represented by the undergraduate Students' Society of McGill University (SSMU) and the Post-Graduate Students' Society of McGill University (PGSS). Due to the large postdoctoral student population, the PGSS also contains a semi-autonomous Association of Postdoctoral Fellows (APF). In addition, each faculty and department has its own student governing body, the largest faculty associations being the Arts Undergraduate Society (AUS) and the Science Undergraduate Society (SUS).<a href="#cite_note-206">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> The oldest is the Medical Students Society, founded in 1859.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> SSMU supports more than 250 student-run membership clubs, which range from athletics, health and wellness, arts, and culture groups to professional development, charitable, volunteer, and political associations. It offers 17 student-run services, which provide services and resources to students regardless of membership, such as the Flat Bike Collective, Black Students' Network, McGill Students' <a href="/wiki/Nightline_(student_service)" title="Nightline (student service)">Nightline</a>, and Queer McGill (formerly Gay McGill),<a href="#cite_note-qrep-209">[205]</a> which has supported <a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">queer</a> students since 1972.<a href="#cite_note-Queer_McGill-210">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> SSMU is also affiliated with 11 independent student groups, which operate on campus but are outside of the student society's governance structure. These independent groups include student media outlets, a <a href="/wiki/Legal_clinic" title="Legal clinic">legal clinic</a>, <a href="/wiki/AIESEC" title="AIESEC">AIESEC</a> McGill, and the International Relations Students' Association of McGill (IRSAM),<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> which publishes the world's only all-inclusive international relations research journal, the <a href="/wiki/McGill_International_Review" title="McGill International Review">McGill International Review</a>,<a href="#cite_note-IRSAM-213">[209]</a> and has consultative status with the UN <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> IRSAM has hosted the McGill <a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a> for University students since 1990 and the Secondary Schools United Nations Symposium since 1993.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> Many student clubs are centred around McGill's student union building, the University Centre. In 1992, students held a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> calling for the University Centre to be renamed for actor and McGill alumnus <a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> The University administration refused to accept the name and did not attend the opening because it traditionally names buildings in honour of deceased community members or major <a href="/wiki/Benefactor_(law)" title="Benefactor (law)">benefactors</a>—Shatner is neither. Nevertheless, the University Centre has been informally referred to as the Shatner Building ever since.<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Student_media">Student media</h4></div> McGill has a number of student-run publications.<a href="/wiki/The_McGill_Daily" title="The McGill Daily">The McGill Daily</a>, first published in 1911, was previously published twice weekly,<a href="#cite_note-mcgdaily-219">[215]</a> but shifted to a once-a-week publication schedule in September 2013 due to tightened budgets.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Le_D%C3%A9lit_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Le Délit français">Délit français</a> is the Daily's French-language counterpart. The combined circulation of both papers is over 28,000.<a href="#cite_note-mcgdaily-219">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/McGill_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill Tribune">McGill Tribune</a> currently publishes once a week, circulating approximately 11,000 copies across campus. <a href="/wiki/The_Bull_%26_Bear" title="The Bull & Bear">The Bull & Bear</a>, operating under the Management Undergraduate Society, publishes 1,000 copies each month.<a href="#cite_note-bullandbear-221">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/CKUT" class="mw-redirect" title="CKUT">CKUT</a> (90.3 FM) is the campus radio station. <a href="/w/index.php?title=TVMcGill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TVMcGill (page does not exist)">TVMcGill</a> is the University TV station, broadcasting on closed-circuit television and over the internet.<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> The <a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Faculty_of_Law" title="McGill University Faculty of Law">McGill University Faculty of Law</a> is home to three student-run academic journals, including the <a href="/wiki/McGill_Law_Journal" title="McGill Law Journal">McGill Law Journal</a>, founded in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building,_Montreal,_QC,_1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1906.jpg/220px-Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="612"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1906.jpg/220px-Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1906.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1906.jpg/330px-Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1906.jpg/440px-Opening_of_the_McGill_University_Student_Union_building%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1906.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Opening of the Student Union building, 1906</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greek_life">Greek life</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternities and sororities in North America">Greek system</a> at McGill consists of several fraternities and sororities. Canada's only national fraternity, Phi Kappa Pi, was founded at McGill and the University of Toronto in 1913 and continues to be active. McGill was also chosen as the first University to expand to outside of the United States for several Greek letter organizations, for instance, with the Québec Alpha chapter of Phi Delta Theta in 1902.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> The Greek letter organizations at McGill are governed by the Inter-Greek Letter Council, the school's second-largest student group.<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> Over 500 students or approximately 2 per cent of the student population are in sororities and fraternities at McGill, on a par with most Canadian schools but below the average for American universities.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/McGill_Redbirds_and_Martlets" title="McGill Redbirds and Martlets">McGill Redbirds and Martlets</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mcgill_athletics_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Mcgill_athletics_logo.png/220px-Mcgill_athletics_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1217"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 206px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Mcgill_athletics_logo.png/220px-Mcgill_athletics_logo.png" data-width="220" data-height="206" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Mcgill_athletics_logo.png/330px-Mcgill_athletics_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Mcgill_athletics_logo.png/440px-Mcgill_athletics_logo.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>McGill Athletics logo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4874" data-file-height="3206"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Percival Molson Memorial Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg/220px-Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="565"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg/220px-Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg/330px-Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg/440px-Ice_hockey_McGill_University_1884.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A hockey game on campus in 1884, just seven years after McGill students wrote the then-new game's first rule book, with the Arts Building, Redpath Museum, and Morrice Hall, then the Presbyterian College,) visible</figcaption></figure> McGill is represented in <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a> by the <a href="/wiki/McGill_Redbirds_and_Martlets" title="McGill Redbirds and Martlets">McGill Redbirds and Martlets</a> with the Redbirds representing men's teams and the Martlets representing women's teams. McGill is currently home to 28 varsity teams. McGill is known for its strong baseball, hockey and lacrosse programs.<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> McGill's unique mascot, Marty the <a href="/wiki/Martlet" title="Martlet">Martlet</a>, was introduced during the 2005 Homecoming game.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> The downtown McGill campus sport and exercise facilities include: the McGill Sports Centre (which includes the Tomlinson Fieldhouse and the Windsor Varsity Clinic),<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Percival_Molson_Memorial_Stadium" title="Percival Molson Memorial Stadium">Molson Stadium</a>, Memorial Pool, Tomlinson Hall, McConnell Arena, Forbes Field, many outdoor <a href="/wiki/Tennis_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennis courts">tennis courts</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Extra-curricular" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra-curricular">extra-curricular</a> <a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">arenas</a> and faculties.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> The Macdonald Campus facilities include an arena, a gymnasium, a <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">pool</a>, tennis courts, <a href="/wiki/Fitness_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitness centre">fitness centres</a> and hundreds of acres of green space for regular use.<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> The University's largest sporting venue, Molson Stadium, was constructed in 1914. Following an expansion project completed in 2010, it now seats just over 25,000,<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> and is the current home field of the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Alouettes" title="Montreal Alouettes">Montreal Alouettes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Athletic_history">Athletic history</h4></div> In 1868, the first recorded game of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a> in North America occurred in Montreal, between British army officers and McGill students,<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> giving McGill the oldest University-affiliated rugby club in North America. Other McGill-originated sports evolved out of rugby rules: football, hockey, and basketball. The first game of North American <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">football</a> was played between McGill and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> on May 14, 1874,<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> leading to the spread of American football throughout the <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> On March 3, 1875, the <a href="/wiki/First_indoor_hockey_game" class="mw-redirect" title="First indoor hockey game">first organized indoor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">hockey</a> game was played at Montreal's <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Skating_Rink" title="Victoria Skating Rink">Victoria Skating Rink</a> between two nine-player teams, including <a href="/wiki/James_Creighton_(ice_hockey)" title="James Creighton (ice hockey)">James Creighton</a> and several McGill University students. The <a href="/wiki/McGill_Redmen" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill Redmen">McGill University Hockey Club</a>, the first organized hockey club, was founded in 1877<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> and played its first game on January 31, 1877.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> Very soon thereafter, those McGill students wrote the first hockey rule book. A McGill team was one of four that competed in the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Hockey_Association_of_Canada" title="Amateur Hockey Association of Canada">Amateur Hockey Association of Canada</a>, founded in 1886. AHAC teams competed for the first <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> in 1893; the AHAC became one of predecessor organizations of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lennox2009-242">[238]</a> McGill alumnus <a href="/wiki/James_Naismith" title="James Naismith">James Naismith</a> invented basketball in early December 1891.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> There has been a McGill alumnus or alumna competing at every Olympic Games since 1908.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> Swimmer <a href="/wiki/George_Hodgson" title="George Hodgson">George Hodgson</a> won two gold medals at the <a href="/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics" title="1912 Summer Olympics">1912 Summer Olympics</a>, ice hockey goaltender <a href="/wiki/Kim_St-Pierre" title="Kim St-Pierre">Kim St-Pierre</a> won gold medals at the <a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a>. Other 2006 gold medalists are <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Heil" title="Jennifer Heil">Jennifer Heil</a> (women's freestyle mogul) and goaltender <a href="/wiki/Charline_Labont%C3%A9" title="Charline Labonté">Charline Labonté</a> (women's ice hockey). <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McGill_Hockey_Team,_Montreal,_QC,_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/McGill_Hockey_Team%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1904.jpg/220px-McGill_Hockey_Team%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="576"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/McGill_Hockey_Team%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1904.jpg/220px-McGill_Hockey_Team%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1904.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/McGill_Hockey_Team%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1904.jpg/330px-McGill_Hockey_Team%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/McGill_Hockey_Team%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1904.jpg/440px-McGill_Hockey_Team%2C_Montreal%2C_QC%2C_1904.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>McGill Hockey Team, 1904</figcaption></figure> A 2005 <a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">hazing</a> scandal forced the cancellation of the final two games in the McGill Redmen football season.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> In 2006, McGill's Senate approved a proposed anti-hazing policy to define forbidden initiation practices.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> In 2018, after a slew of protests—both online and on-campus—an online vote revealed that 78.8 per cent of the McGill student population were in favour of changing the varsity teams' "Redmen" name, with 21 per cent against.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> The University's nickname emerged in the 1920s. In the 1950s, both men's and women's teams came to be nicknamed the "Indians" and "Squaws", and some teams later adopted a logo of an indigenous man wearing a headdress in the 1980s and '90s. In December 2018, McGill University released a working group report that revealed deep divisions between students and alumni who defend the nearly century-old name and those who feel it is derogatory to indigenous students. In January 2019, it was announced that the principal Suzanne Fortier would decide whether or not to change the name by the end of the 2019 academic term.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> In 2019, an announcement confirmed that the Redmen name for its men's varsity sports teams had been dropped. No new name was planned; the groups would be known as the McGill teams. However, in 2020 McGill University revealed that the varsity men's sports teams would be known as the "<a href="/wiki/McGill_Redbirds_and_Martlets" title="McGill Redbirds and Martlets">Redbirds</a>". The name carries historical links to several McGill sports clubs, teams, and events.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> The former name would remain in the McGill Sports Hall of Fame and on items such as existing plaques, trophies and championship photos.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rivalries">Rivalries</h4></div> McGill maintains an academic and athletic rivalry with <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a>. Competition between rowing athletes at the two schools has inspired an annual boat race between the two universities in the spring of each year since 1997, inspired by the famous <a href="/wiki/The_Boat_Race" title="The Boat Race">Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> The football rivalry, which started in 1884, ended after Canadian University athletic divisions were re-organized in 2000; the Ontario-Quebec Intercollegiate Football Conference was divided into <a href="/wiki/Ontario_University_Athletics" title="Ontario University Athletics">Ontario University Athletics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Student_Sports_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Student Sports Federation">Quebec Student Sports Federation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> The rivalry returned in 2002 when it transferred to the annual home-and-home hockey games between the two institutions. Queen's students refer to these matches as "Kill McGill" games, and usually show up in Montreal in atypically large numbers to cheer on the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Golden_Gaels" title="Queen's Golden Gaels">Queen's Golden Gaels</a> hockey team.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> In 2007, McGill students arrived in bus-loads to cheer on the <a href="/wiki/McGill_Redmen" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill Redmen">McGill Redmen</a>, occupying a third of Queen's Jock Harty Arena.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> The school also competes in the annual "Old Four (IV)" soccer tournament, with <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Ontario" title="University of Western Ontario">University of Western Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> McGill and <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a> are also athletic rivals, as demonstrated by the biennial Harvard-McGill rugby games, alternately played in Montreal and Cambridge.<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Queen's-McGill Challenge Blade"><noscript><img alt="The Queen's-McGill Challenge Blade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg/120px-Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg/120px-Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg" data-alt="The Queen's-McGill Challenge Blade" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg/180px-Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg/240px-Queen%27s-McGill-ChallengeBlade.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Queen's-McGill Challenge Blade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:LorneGalesTrophy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lorne Gales Trophy"><noscript><img alt="The Lorne Gales Trophy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/LorneGalesTrophy.jpg/118px-LorneGalesTrophy.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="529"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 118px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/LorneGalesTrophy.jpg/118px-LorneGalesTrophy.jpg" data-alt="The Lorne Gales Trophy" data-width="118" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/LorneGalesTrophy.jpg/177px-LorneGalesTrophy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/LorneGalesTrophy.jpg/236px-LorneGalesTrophy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Lorne Gales Trophy</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_McGill_University_people" title="List of McGill University people">List of McGill University people</a>.</div> McGill alumni have played pivotal roles in the founding of several institutions of higher education. These include the first President of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a> (UBC) <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wesbrook" title="Frank Wesbrook">Frank Wesbrook</a>,<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> the former President of UBC and current President of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_J._Ono" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa J. Ono">Santa J. Ono</a>, the co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Osler" title="William Osler">William Osler</a>,<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> and the first President of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Marshall_Tory" title="Henry Marshall Tory">Henry Marshall Tory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> More recent academic leaders include pro chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Khaja_Bandanawaz_University" title="Khaja Bandanawaz University">Khaja Bandanawaz University</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syed_Muhammad_Ali_Al_Hussaini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syed Muhammad Ali Al Hussaini (page does not exist)">Syed Muhammad Ali Al Hussaini</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Tafler_Shapiro" title="Harold Tafler Shapiro">Harold Tafler Shapiro</a>,<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> President of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Tessier-Lavigne" title="Marc Tessier-Lavigne">Marc Trevor Tessier-Lavigne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> and Vice-Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toope" title="Stephen Toope">Stephen Toope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> In the arts, McGill students include four <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winners,<a href="#cite_note-Pulitzer-24">[note 4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Templeton_Prize" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berggruen_Prize_for_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Berggruen Prize for Philosophy">Berggruen</a> Prize winner <a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Charles Taylor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> essayist and novelist <a href="/wiki/John_Ralston_Saul" title="John Ralston Saul">John Ralston Saul</a>, and Emmy Award-winning actor <a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a>. In the sciences, McGill graduates and faculty have received a total of 12 Nobel Prizes in disciplines ranging from Physiology, Medicine, Economics, Chemistry and Physics. McGill has also produced five astronauts out of 14 total selected in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a>'s history.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> Other prominent science alumni include the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Artificial_cell" title="Artificial cell">artificial cell</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chang" title="Thomas Chang">Thomas Chang</a>,<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">internet search engine</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Emtage" title="Alan Emtage">Alan Emtage</a>,<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> inventor of the explosives vapour detector (EVD-1) <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Elias" title="Lorne Elias">Lorne Elias</a>,<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> winner <a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> In law and politics, McGill alumni include three <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Ministers of Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Abbott" title="John Abbott">John Abbott</a>,<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a>), one <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General of Canada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a>). A number of foreign leaders have graduated from McGill including <a href="/wiki/President_of_Costa_Rica" title="President of Costa Rica">President of Costa Rica</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Oduber_Quir%C3%B3s" title="Daniel Oduber Quirós">Daniel Oduber Quirós</a>,<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">President of Latvia</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga" title="Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga">Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga</a>,<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nazif" title="Ahmed Nazif">Ahmed Nazif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-egyptiancabinet.gov.eg-278">[274]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Peters_Humphrey" title="John Peters Humphrey">John Peters Humphrey</a>, law professor and director of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Division on Human Rights, wrote with Eleanor Roosevelt the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> In sport, McGill students and alumni include 121 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympians</a> who have won 35 Olympic medals.<a href="#cite_note-Olympians-25">[21]</a> Other notable sporting alumni include the inventor of <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Naismith" title="James Naismith">James Naismith</a>,<a href="#cite_note-biography.com-280">[276]</a> influential <a href="/wiki/Baseball_statistics" title="Baseball statistics">baseball statistician</a> <a href="/wiki/Allan_Roth" title="Allan Roth">Allan Roth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> the first medical doctor to win a <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Duvernay-Tardif" title="Laurent Duvernay-Tardif">Laurent Duvernay-Tardif</a>,<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club" title="Triple Gold Club">Triple Gold Club</a> member <a href="/wiki/Mike_Babcock" title="Mike Babcock">Mike Babcock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Notable McGill alumni include:</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SirJohnAbbott1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="3rd prime minister of Canada Sir John Abbott (BCL, 1847)."><noscript><img alt="3rd prime minister of Canada Sir John Abbott (BCL, 1847)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SirJohnAbbott1.jpg/95px-SirJohnAbbott1.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="601"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SirJohnAbbott1.jpg/95px-SirJohnAbbott1.jpg" data-alt="3rd prime minister of Canada Sir John Abbott (BCL, 1847)." data-width="95" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SirJohnAbbott1.jpg/142px-SirJohnAbbott1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SirJohnAbbott1.jpg/190px-SirJohnAbbott1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Abbott" title="John Abbott">John Abbott</a> (BCL, 1847).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_(HS85-10-16871)_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="7th prime minister of Canada Sir Wilfrid Laurier (BCL, 1864)."><noscript><img alt="7th prime minister of Canada Sir Wilfrid Laurier (BCL, 1864)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_%28HS85-10-16871%29_cropped.jpg/94px-The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_%28HS85-10-16871%29_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="4736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 94px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_%28HS85-10-16871%29_cropped.jpg/94px-The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_%28HS85-10-16871%29_cropped.jpg" data-alt="7th prime minister of Canada Sir Wilfrid Laurier (BCL, 1864)." data-width="94" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_%28HS85-10-16871%29_cropped.jpg/140px-The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_%28HS85-10-16871%29_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_%28HS85-10-16871%29_cropped.jpg/187px-The_Honourable_Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Photo_A_%28HS85-10-16871%29_cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">7th <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a> (BCL, 1864).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inventor of the game of basketball James Naismith (BA, 1887)."><noscript><img alt="Inventor of the game of basketball James Naismith (BA, 1887)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg/97px-James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1334"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 97px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg/97px-James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg" data-alt="Inventor of the game of basketball James Naismith (BA, 1887)." data-width="97" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg/146px-James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg/194px-James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inventor of the game of basketball <a href="/wiki/James_Naismith" title="James Naismith">James Naismith</a> (BA, 1887).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Claire_Kirkland-Casgrain_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description" title="First woman elected to the Quebec National Assembly Marie-Claire Kirkland (BA 1947, BCL 1950)."><noscript><img alt="First woman elected to the Quebec National Assembly Marie-Claire Kirkland (BA 1947, BCL 1950)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Claire_Kirkland-Casgrain_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="120"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Claire_Kirkland-Casgrain_%28cropped%29.png" data-alt="First woman elected to the Quebec National Assembly Marie-Claire Kirkland (BA 1947, BCL 1950)." data-width="100" data-height="120" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">First woman elected to the Quebec National Assembly <a href="/wiki/Marie-Claire_Kirkland" title="Marie-Claire Kirkland">Marie-Claire Kirkland</a> (BA 1947, BCL 1950).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Co-inventor of the CCD and Nobel prize laureate in Physics Willard Boyle (BSc, 1947; MSc 1948; PhD 1950)."><noscript><img alt="Co-inventor of the CCD and Nobel prize laureate in Physics Willard Boyle (BSc, 1947; MSc 1948; PhD 1950)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg/86px-Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1858" data-file-height="2596"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 86px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg/86px-Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg" data-alt="Co-inventor of the CCD and Nobel prize laureate in Physics Willard Boyle (BSc, 1947; MSc 1948; PhD 1950)." data-width="86" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg/129px-Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg/172px-Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Co-inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a> and Nobel prize laureate in Physics <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Willard Boyle</a> (BSc, 1947; MSc 1948; PhD 1950).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Emmy Award winner known for his portrayal of Captain Kirk in the Star Trek franchise William Shatner (BComm, 1952)."><noscript><img alt="Emmy Award winner known for his portrayal of Captain Kirk in the Star Trek franchise William Shatner (BComm, 1952)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG/94px-Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1093" data-file-height="1400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 94px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG/94px-Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG" data-alt="Emmy Award winner known for his portrayal of Captain Kirk in the Star Trek franchise William Shatner (BComm, 1952)." data-width="94" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG/140px-Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG/187px-Star_Trek_William_Shatner.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> winner known for his portrayal of <a href="/wiki/James_T._Kirk" title="James T. Kirk">Captain Kirk</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a> franchise <a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a> (BComm, 1952).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Brenda_Milner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title='Balzan Prize winner, referred to as "the founder of neuropsychology" Brenda Milner (PhD, 1952)'><noscript><img alt='Balzan Prize winner, referred to as "the founder of neuropsychology" Brenda Milner (PhD, 1952)' src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Brenda_Milner.jpg/103px-Brenda_Milner.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1873" data-file-height="2174"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 103px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Brenda_Milner.jpg/103px-Brenda_Milner.jpg" data-alt='Balzan Prize winner, referred to as "the founder of neuropsychology" Brenda Milner (PhD, 1952)' data-width="103" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Brenda_Milner.jpg/155px-Brenda_Milner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Brenda_Milner.jpg/207px-Brenda_Milner.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Balzan_Prize" title="Balzan Prize">Balzan Prize</a> winner, referred to as "the founder of neuropsychology" <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Milner" title="Brenda Milner">Brenda Milner</a> (PhD, 1952)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonard_Cohen,_1988_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grammy Award winner and poet Leonard Cohen (BA, 1955)."><noscript><img alt="Grammy Award winner and poet Leonard Cohen (BA, 1955)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leonard_Cohen%2C_1988_01.jpg/81px-Leonard_Cohen%2C_1988_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2425" data-file-height="3583"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 81px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leonard_Cohen%2C_1988_01.jpg/81px-Leonard_Cohen%2C_1988_01.jpg" data-alt="Grammy Award winner and poet Leonard Cohen (BA, 1955)." data-width="81" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leonard_Cohen%2C_1988_01.jpg/122px-Leonard_Cohen%2C_1988_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Leonard_Cohen%2C_1988_01.jpg/162px-Leonard_Cohen%2C_1988_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winner and poet <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a> (BA, 1955).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="6th President of Latvia Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (PhD, 1965)."><noscript><img alt="6th President of Latvia Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (PhD, 1965)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg/93px-Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="1723"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 93px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg/93px-Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg" data-alt="6th President of Latvia Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (PhD, 1965)." data-width="93" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg/139px-Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg/185px-Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">6th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">President of Latvia</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga" title="Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga">Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga</a> (PhD, 1965).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="48th Prime Minister of Egypt Ahmed Nazif (PhD, 1983)."><noscript><img alt="48th Prime Minister of Egypt Ahmed Nazif (PhD, 1983)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG/84px-Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4504"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 84px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG/84px-Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG" data-alt="48th Prime Minister of Egypt Ahmed Nazif (PhD, 1983)." data-width="84" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG/126px-Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG/169px-Ahmed_Nazif_IGF.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">48th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nazif" title="Ahmed Nazif">Ahmed Nazif</a> (PhD, 1983).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Julie_Payette_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former astronaut and 29th governor general of Canada Julie Payette (BEng, 1986)."><noscript><img alt="Former astronaut and 29th governor general of Canada Julie Payette (BEng, 1986)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Julie_Payette_2017.jpg/96px-Julie_Payette_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3116" data-file-height="3895"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Julie_Payette_2017.jpg/96px-Julie_Payette_2017.jpg" data-alt="Former astronaut and 29th governor general of Canada Julie Payette (BEng, 1986)." data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Julie_Payette_2017.jpg/144px-Julie_Payette_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Julie_Payette_2017.jpg/192px-Julie_Payette_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former astronaut and 29th <a href="/wiki/Governor_general_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor general of Canada">governor general of Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a> (BEng, 1986).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turing Award winner Yoshua Bengio (BEng, 1986; MSc, 1988; PhD, 1991)."><noscript><img alt="Turing Award winner Yoshua Bengio (BEng, 1986; MSc, 1988; PhD, 1991)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg/90px-Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="804"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg/90px-Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg" data-alt="Turing Award winner Yoshua Bengio (BEng, 1986; MSc, 1988; PhD, 1991)." data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg/136px-Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg/181px-Yoshua_Bengio_2019_cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> winner <a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a> (BEng, 1986; MSc, 1988; PhD, 1991).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The current and 23rd prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau (BA, 1994)."><noscript><img alt="The current and 23rd prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau (BA, 1994)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="730"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="The current and 23rd prime minister of Canada Justin Trudeau (BA, 1994)." data-width="85" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_%28cropped%29.jpg/128px-Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Trudeau_visit_White_House_for_USMCA_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The current and 23rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Canada">prime minister of Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> (BA, 1994).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former international president of Médecins Sans Frontières Joanne Liu (MDCM, 1991; IMHL, 2014)."><noscript><img alt="Former international president of Médecins Sans Frontières Joanne Liu (MDCM, 1991; IMHL, 2014)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg/98px-Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 98px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg/98px-Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg" data-alt="Former international president of Médecins Sans Frontières Joanne Liu (MDCM, 1991; IMHL, 2014)." data-width="98" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg/146px-Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg/195px-Joanne_Liu_at_Chatham_House_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former international president of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Liu" title="Joanne Liu">Joanne Liu</a> (MDCM, 1991; IMHL, 2014).</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="25" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_McGill_University_people" title="List of McGill University people">List of McGill University people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_School_of_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University School of Architecture">McGill University School of Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schulich_School_of_Music" title="Schulich School of Music">Schulich School of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_McGill_University" title="Academic dress of McGill University">Academic dress of McGill University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_government_scientific_research_organizations" title="Canadian government scientific research organizations">Canadian government scientific research organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_industrial_research_and_development_organizations" title="Canadian industrial research and development organizations">Canadian industrial research and development organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_university_scientific_research_organizations" title="Canadian university scientific research organizations">Canadian university scientific research organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cundill_History_Prize" title="Cundill History Prize">Cundill History Prize</a>, awarded by McGill</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Trek" title="History Trek">History Trek</a>, developed by McGill researchers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_universities_by_endowment" title="List of Canadian universities by endowment">List of Canadian universities by endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">List of oldest universities in continuous operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maude_Abbott_Medical_Museum" title="Maude Abbott Medical Museum">Maude Abbott Medical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Non-Academic_Certified_Association" title="McGill University Non-Academic Certified Association">McGill University Non-Academic Certified Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_School_of_Information_Studies" title="McGill University School of Information Studies">McGill University School of Information Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Laboratory" title="Montreal Laboratory">Montreal Laboratory</a> (for nuclear research, World War II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osler_Library_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Osler Library of the History of Medicine">Osler Library of the History of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University_Department_of_Social_Studies_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill University Department of Social Studies of Medicine">McGill University Department of Social Studies of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U15_Group_of_Canadian_Research_Universities" title="U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities">U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_experiments" title="Montreal experiments">Montreal experiments</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Award-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Award_19-0">^</a> McGill alumni who have received <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a> include <a href="/wiki/Torill_Kove" title="Torill Kove">Torill Kove</a>, Kate Biscoe, <a href="/wiki/Richard_King_(sound_designer)" title="Richard King (sound designer)">Richard King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demetri_Terzopoulos" title="Demetri Terzopoulos">Demetri Terzopoulos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Saxon" title="Edward Saxon">Edward Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jake_Eberts" title="Jake Eberts">Jake Eberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Weldon_(animator)" title="John Weldon (animator)">John Weldon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Shaffer" title="Beverly Shaffer">Beverly Shaffer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Grammy-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Grammy_20-0">^</a> McGill alumni who have received <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a> include <a href="/wiki/George_Massenburg" title="George Massenburg">George Massenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estel%C3%AD_Gomez" title="Estelí Gomez">Estelí Gomez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serban_Ghenea" title="Serban Ghenea">Şerban Ghenea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Epstein_(music_producer)" title="Steven Epstein (music producer)">Steven Epstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Gasoi" title="Jennifer Gasoi">Jennifer Gasoi</a>, Brian Losch, <a href="/wiki/Chilly_Gonzales" title="Chilly Gonzales">Chilly Gonzales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Win_Butler" title="Win Butler">Win Butler</a>, Nick Squire, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_King_(sound_designer)" title="Richard King (sound designer)">Richard King</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gine_Chassagne" title="Régine Chassagne">Régine Chassagne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmy-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Emmy_21-0">^</a> McGill alumni who have received <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Awards</a> include <a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a>, Eva Lipman, <a href="/wiki/Mila_Aung-Thwin" title="Mila Aung-Thwin">Mila Aung-Thwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Herschlag" title="Alex Herschlag">Alex Herschlag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amy_Schatz" title="Amy Schatz">Amy Schatz</a>, Billy Wisse, <a href="/wiki/Robby_Hoffman" title="Robby Hoffman">Robby Hoffman</a>, Kate Biscoe, <a href="/wiki/Simcha_Jacobovici" title="Simcha Jacobovici">Simcha Jacobovici</a>, Roberto Hernández, Blake Sifton, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Mambo" title="Kevin Mambo">Kevin Mambo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Shatner" title="William Shatner">William Shatner</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pulitzer-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pulitzer_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pulitzer_24-1">b</a> These are <a href="/wiki/Leon_Edel" title="Leon Edel">Leon Edel</a> (1963), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Charles Krauthammer</a> (1987), <a href="/wiki/John_F._Burns" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Burns">John F. Burns</a> (1993, 1997<a href="#cite_note-PP2-22">[19]</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rosenberg" title="Matthew Rosenberg">Matthew Rosenberg</a> (2018).<a href="#cite_note-PP1-23">[20]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516152350/https://www.mcgill.ca/secretariat/files/secretariat/WordmarkandInsigniaofMcGillUniversity-Policyontheuseof.pdf">"Policy on use of the Wordmark and Insignia of McGill University"</a> (PDF). McGill.ca. June 12, 2000. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/secretariat/files/secretariat/WordmarkandInsigniaofMcGillUniversity-Policyontheuseof.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on May 16, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McGill.ca&rft.atitle=Policy+on+use+of+the+Wordmark+and+Insignia+of+McGill+University&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2000-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Fsecretariat%2Ffiles%2Fsecretariat%2FWordmarkandInsigniaofMcGillUniversity-Policyontheuseof.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charter-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charter_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charter_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charter_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.mcgill.ca/public/exhibits/installation/main/gallery-1821.htm">"The Gallery: 1821 Charter"</a>. McGill University Archives. May 17, 1940. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120730122748/http://archives.mcgill.ca/public/exhibits/installation/main/gallery-1821.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=McGill+University+Archives&rft.atitle=The+Gallery%3A+1821+Charter&rft.date=1940-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.mcgill.ca%2Fpublic%2Fexhibits%2Finstallation%2Fmain%2Fgallery-1821.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-endowment-3"><a href="#cite_ref-endowment_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/investments/files/investments/march_31_2024.pdf%E2%80%93">March 31, 2024 "Quarterly Reports | Office of Investments - McGill University"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20240918173428/https://www.mcgill.ca/investments/endowment/quarterly-reports">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quarterly+Reports+%26%23124%3B+Office+of+Investments+-+McGill+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Finvestments%2Ffiles%2Finvestments%2Fmarch_31_2024.pdf%E2%80%93+March+31%2C+2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Check <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/vpadmin/files/vpadmin/bog_report_2022_oct12.pdf">"McGill University Budget 2021–2022"</a> (PDF). McGill University. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205033805/https://www.mcgill.ca/vpadmin/files/vpadmin/bog_report_2022_oct12.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=McGill+University+Budget+2021%E2%80%932022&rft.pub=McGill+University&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Fvpadmin%2Ffiles%2Fvpadmin%2Fbog_report_2022_oct12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/mcgill-university-appoints-h-deep-saini-new-principal-and-vice-chancellor-343502">"McGill University appoints H. Deep Saini as new Principal and Vice-Chancellor"</a>. 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Accessed May 4, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lennox2009-242"><a href="#cite_ref-Lennox2009_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoug_Lennox2009" class="citation book cs1">Doug Lennox (August 31, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9">Now You Know Big Book of Sports</a>. Dundurn Press Ltd. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9/page/12">12</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-454-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-454-4"><bdi>978-1-55488-454-4</bdi></a>. 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Accessed May 16, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051218122022/http://216.46.30.11/varsity_sports_article.ch2?article_id=108">"McGill send 27 to 2004 Athens Summer Olympics"</a>, "McGill Athletics", August 13, 2004. Accessed May 16, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://216.46.30.11/varsity_sports_article.ch2?article_id=482">"2004 inductees to McGill Sports Hall of Fame"</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], "McGill Athletics", June 24, 2004. Accessed May 16, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/football/mcgill-scraps-football-season-over-hazing-1.553792">"McGill scraps football season over hazing"</a>. CBC Sports. October 19, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220075859/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/football/mcgill-scraps-football-season-over-hazing-1.553792">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=McGill+scraps+football+season+over+hazing&rft.pub=CBC+Sports&rft.date=2005-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Fmcgill-scraps-football-season-over-hazing-1.553792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngrid_Peritz2005" class="citation news cs1">Ingrid Peritz (October 19, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/mcgill-cuts-its-season-short/article18250428/">"McGill cuts its season short"</a>. The Globe and Mail Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804000904/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/mcgill-cuts-its-season-short/article18250428/">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail+Inc.&rft.atitle=McGill+cuts+its+season+short&rft.date=2005-10-19&rft.au=Ingrid+Peritz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fmcgill-cuts-its-season-short%2Farticle18250428%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070111.HAZING11/TPStory/?query=mcgill">McGill get tough with hazing</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]. The Globe and Mail, January 11, 2007. Caroline Alphonso. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2018" class="citation news cs1">Curtis, Christopher (November 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/mcgill-redmen-tensions-mount-as-students-vote-on-controversial-name">"McGill students vote overwhelmingly to change 'Redmen' name in non-binding referendum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327210217/https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/mcgill-redmen-tensions-mount-as-students-vote-on-controversial-name">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montreal+Gazette&rft.atitle=McGill+students+vote+overwhelmingly+to+change+%27Redmen%27+name+in+non-binding+referendum&rft.date=2018-11-13&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fmcgill-redmen-tensions-mount-as-students-vote-on-controversial-name&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeer2019" class="citation news cs1">Deer, Jessica (January 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/mcgill-redmen-name-decision-fortier-1.4999613">"McGill to make decision on Redmen name by end of academic term"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324230353/https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/mcgill-redmen-name-decision-fortier-1.4999613">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=McGill+to+make+decision+on+Redmen+name+by+end+of+academic+term&rft.date=2019-01-30&rft.aulast=Deer&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Findigenous%2Fmcgill-redmen-name-decision-fortier-1.4999613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/mcgill-redbirds-new-name-new-era-wear-and-cheer-pride-326286">"The McGill Redbirds: new name for a new era to wear, and cheer for with pride"</a>. Newsroom Institutional Communications. McGill University. November 17, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117155303/https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/mcgill-redbirds-new-name-new-era-wear-and-cheer-pride-326286">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved November 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+McGill+Redbirds%3A+new+name+for+a+new+era+to+wear%2C+and+cheer+for+with+pride&rft.date=2020-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Fnewsroom%2Fchannels%2Fnews%2Fmcgill-redbirds-new-name-new-era-wear-and-cheer-pride-326286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/sports/2019/04/12/mcgill-university-to-drop-redmen-name-from-sports-teams.html">"McGill University drops Redmen name from sports teams, cites pain caused to Indigenous students"</a>. Toronto Star. April 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413091647/https://www.thestar.com/sports/2019/04/12/mcgill-university-to-drop-redmen-name-from-sports-teams.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=McGill+University+drops+Redmen+name+from+sports+teams%2C+cites+pain+caused+to+Indigenous+students&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fsports%2F2019%2F04%2F12%2Fmcgill-university-to-drop-redmen-name-from-sports-teams.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeston2008" class="citation journal cs1">Weston, Greg (May 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://queensjournal.ca/story/2008-05-27/sports/rowers-reel-mcgill/">"Rowers reel in McGill"</a>. Queen's Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810192007/http://queensjournal.ca/story/2008-05-27/sports/rowers-reel-mcgill/">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queen%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Rowers+reel+in+McGill&rft.date=2008-05-27&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqueensjournal.ca%2Fstory%2F2008-05-27%2Fsports%2Frowers-reel-mcgill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusing2000" class="citation journal cs1">Busing, Hillary (September 19, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://queensjournal.ca/story/2000-09-19/news/mcgill-rivalry-ends/">"McGill Rivalry Ends"</a>. Queen's Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810192013/http://queensjournal.ca/story/2000-09-19/news/mcgill-rivalry-ends/">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queen%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=McGill+Rivalry+Ends&rft.date=2000-09-19&rft.aulast=Busing&rft.aufirst=Hillary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqueensjournal.ca%2Fstory%2F2000-09-19%2Fnews%2Fmcgill-rivalry-ends%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVertlieb2000" class="citation journal cs1">Vertlieb, Dan (September 19, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://queensjournal.ca/story/2000-09-19/sports/gaels-fail-kill-mcgill/">"Gaels fail to 'Kill McGill'"</a>. Queen's Journal. 128 (7). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810192010/http://queensjournal.ca/story/2000-09-19/sports/gaels-fail-kill-mcgill/">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queen%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=Gaels+fail+to+%27Kill+McGill%27&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=7&rft.date=2000-09-19&rft.aulast=Vertlieb&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqueensjournal.ca%2Fstory%2F2000-09-19%2Fsports%2Fgaels-fail-kill-mcgill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBucholtz2007" class="citation journal cs1">Bucholtz, Andrew (November 23, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://queensjournal.ca/story/2007-11-23/sports/bitter-pill-mcgill/">"A bitter pill from McGill"</a>. Queen's Journal. 135 (22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810192111/http://queensjournal.ca/story/2007-11-23/sports/bitter-pill-mcgill/">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queen%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=A+bitter+pill+from+McGill&rft.volume=135&rft.issue=22&rft.date=2007-11-23&rft.aulast=Bucholtz&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqueensjournal.ca%2Fstory%2F2007-11-23%2Fsports%2Fbitter-pill-mcgill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varsityblues.ca/news/?id=10417">"U of T Soccer to Host Old Four Tournament"</a>. Retrieved September 2, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U+of+T+Soccer+to+Host+Old+Four+Tournament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varsityblues.ca%2Fnews%2F%3Fid%3D10417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] "The University of Toronto Varsity Blues soccer program is proud to host a very time-honoured tradition – the annual Old Four tournament, August 30–31, 2008 at the Varsity Centre. This tournament features the original four football schools in Canadian university sport: McGill University, Queen’s University, the University of Western Ontario and the University of Toronto." </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1987/10/30/ruggers-set-for-rivalry-mcgill-comes/">"Ruggers Set For Rivalry; McGill Comes to Town"</a>. October 30, 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054815/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1987/10/30/ruggers-set-for-rivalry-mcgill-comes/">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ruggers+Set+For+Rivalry%3B+McGill+Comes+to+Town&rft.date=1987-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F1987%2F10%2F30%2Fruggers-set-for-rivalry-mcgill-comes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/u_arch/wesbrook.pdf">"Frank F. Wesbrook fonds"</a> (PDF). University of British Columbia Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217154258/https://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/u_arch/wesbrook.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved December 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+F.+Wesbrook+fonds&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.ubc.ca%2Farchives%2Fu_arch%2Fwesbrook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcgillnews.mcgill.ca/s/1762/news/interior.aspx?sid=1762&gid=2&pgid=996">"Moments that changed McGill"</a>. mcgillnews.mcgill.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826193001/http://mcgillnews.mcgill.ca/s/1762/news/interior.aspx?sid=1762&gid=2&pgid=996">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mcgillnews.mcgill.ca&rft.atitle=Moments+that+changed+McGill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmcgillnews.mcgill.ca%2Fs%2F1762%2Fnews%2Finterior.aspx%3Fsid%3D1762%26gid%3D2%26pgid%3D996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.ualberta.ca/ALUMNI/history/peoplep-z/47OctTory.htm">"Henry Marshall Tory"</a>. sites.ualberta.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019082316/https://sites.ualberta.ca/ALUMNI/history/peoplep-z/47OctTory.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2020. 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Retrieved October 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scholar.princeton.edu&rft.atitle=Harold+T.+Shapiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.princeton.edu%2Fhts%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapin2015" class="citation web cs1">Lapin, Lisa (February 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.stanford.edu/features/2016/president-named/">"Neuroscience pioneer Marc Tessier-Lavigne named Stanford's next president"</a>. news.stanford.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220112171345/https://news.stanford.edu/features/2016/president-named/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.stanford.edu&rft.atitle=Neuroscience+pioneer+Marc+Tessier-Lavigne+named+Stanford%27s+next+president&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft.aulast=Lapin&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.stanford.edu%2Ffeatures%2F2016%2Fpresident-named%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2016-17/weekly/6436/section1.shtml#heading2-1">"Notices - Cambridge University Reporter 6436"</a>. www.admin.cam.ac.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208013323/https://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/2016-17/weekly/6436/section1.shtml#heading2-1">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2022. 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Retrieved June 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publications.mcgill.ca&rft.atitle=McGill+grad+Jennifer+Sidey+becomes+Canada%27s+newest+astronaut+%3A+McGill+Reporter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.mcgill.ca%2Freporter%2F2017%2F07%2Fmcgill-grad-jennifer-sidey-becomes-canadas-newest-astronaut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/about/article/thomas-chang-professor-physiology">"Thomas Chang"</a>. About McGill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230829132455/https://www.mcgill.ca/about/article/thomas-chang-professor-physiology">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2023. 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Retrieved October 18, 2020. <q>Trudeau earned a B.A. in English from McGill University (1994)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+%7C+Biography%2C+Facts%2C+%26+Father&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJustin-Trudeau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013183106/https://www.gg.ca/en/governor-general/governor-general-julie-payette/biography">"The Governor General of Canada Her Excellency the Right Honourable Julie Payette Biography"</a>. 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Retrieved January 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Naismith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fscholar%2Fjames-a-naismith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCue" class="citation web cs1">McCue, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/allan-roth/">"Allan Roth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Baseball_Research" title="Society for American Baseball Research">Society for American Baseball Research</a> (SABR BioProject). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016201359/https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/allan-roth/">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Allan+Roth&rft.pub=Society+for+American+Baseball+Research+%28SABR+BioProject%29&rft.aulast=McCue&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabr.org%2Fbioproj%2Fperson%2Fallan-roth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reporter.mcgill.ca/dr-laurent-duvernay-tardif-adds-super-bowl-champion-to-his-resume/">"Dr. Laurent Duvernay-Tardif adds Super Bowl champion to his resumé"</a>. February 3, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603024433/https://reporter.mcgill.ca/dr-laurent-duvernay-tardif-adds-super-bowl-champion-to-his-resume/">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+Laurent+Duvernay-Tardif+adds+Super+Bowl+champion+to+his+resum%C3%A9&rft.date=2020-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freporter.mcgill.ca%2Fdr-laurent-duvernay-tardif-adds-super-bowl-champion-to-his-resume%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/education/channels/news/education-alumnus-mike-babcock-bed-phys-ed-1986-receive-order-hockey-canada-honour-284629">"Education alumnus Mike Babcock (BEd (Phys Ed) 1986) to receive Order of Hockey in Canada honour"</a> (Press release). McGill Faculty of Education. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404074818/https://www.mcgill.ca/education/channels/news/education-alumnus-mike-babcock-bed-phys-ed-1986-receive-order-hockey-canada-honour-284629">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Education+alumnus+Mike+Babcock+%28BEd+%28Phys+Ed%29+1986%29+to+receive+Order+of+Hockey+in+Canada+honour&rft.pub=McGill+Faculty+of+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Feducation%2Fchannels%2Fnews%2Feducation-alumnus-mike-babcock-bed-phys-ed-1986-receive-order-hockey-canada-honour-284629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li>Axelrod, Paul. "McGill University on the Landscape of Canadian Higher Education: Historical Reflections." Higher Education Perspectives 1 (1996–97).</li> <li>Coleman, Brian. "McGill, British Columbia." McGill Journal of Education 6, no. 2 (Autumn 1976).</li> <li>Collard, Andrew. The McGill You Knew: An Anthology of Memories, 1920–1960. Toronto: Longman Canada, 1975.</li> <li>Frost, Stanley B. The History of McGill in Relation to the Social, Economic and Cultural Aspects of Montreal and Quebec (Montreal: McGill University. 1979).</li> <li>Frost, Stanley B. McGill University: For the Advancement of Learning. Vol I. (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press 1980) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0353-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0353-3">978-0-7735-0353-3</a></li> <li>Frost, Stanley B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_QzvEBNIxC8C&pg=PR23">McGill University: For the Advancement of Learning</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404052347/https://books.google.com/books?id=_QzvEBNIxC8C&pg=PR23">Archived</a> April 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Vol II.(Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press 1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0422-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0422-6">978-0-7735-0422-6</a></li> <li>Gillett, Margaret. We Walked Very Warily: A History of Women at McGill. Montreal: Eden Press, 1981.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanawayRichard_L._CruessJames_Darragh1996" class="citation book cs1">Hanaway, Joseph; Richard L. Cruess; James Darragh (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xb39acQW9N4C&pg=PP1">McGill Medicine: Vol. 1 1829–1885 and Vol. 2 1885–1936</a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2958-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2958-6"><bdi>0-7735-2958-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927172043/https://books.google.com/books?id=xb39acQW9N4C&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McGill+Medicine%3A+Vol.+1+1829%E2%80%931885+and+Vol.+2+1885%E2%80%931936&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7735-2958-6&rft.aulast=Hanaway&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Richard+L.+Cruess&rft.au=James+Darragh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxb39acQW9N4C%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMcGill+University" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Markell, H. Keith The Faculty of Religious Studies, McGill University, 1948–1978 (Montreal: Faculty of Religious Studies, 1979)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofmcgillproject.mcgill.ca/docs/booklet_en.pdf">McGill Milestones 1744–1999</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182604/http://www.historyofmcgillproject.mcgill.ca/docs/booklet_en.pdf">Archived</a> July 9, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Compiled by F. Cyril James 1972 and revised by Stanley B. Frost 1999. McGill Development Office.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msurj.com/">McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302071527/https://www.msurj.com/">Archived</a> March 2, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarshipshall.com/mcgill-university-acceptance-rate/">McGill University Acceptance Rate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803072816/https://scholarshipshall.com/mcgill-university-acceptance-rate/">Archived</a> August 3, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Scholarships Hall. Retrieved August 3, 2021.</li> <li>Young, Brian J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mWIo8sd4njsC&pg=PP1">The Making and Unmaking of a University Museum: The McCord, 1921–1996</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404052348/https://books.google.com/books?id=mWIo8sd4njsC&pg=PP1">Archived</a> April 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> McGill-Queen's University Press 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2049-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2049-3">978-0-7735-2049-3</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imtl.org/montreal/montreal.php?vsearch=1&expo=MCGILL&m=Buildings%20of%20McGill%20College">McGill campus buildings</a> – Images Montréal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yearbooks.mcgill.ca/">McGill yearbooks (1898–2000)</a> – McGill Library</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McGill_University&oldid=1258713868">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McGill_University&oldid=1258713868</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=McGill_University&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 21 November 2024, at 05:19 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_Universiteit" title="McGill Universiteit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="McGill Universiteit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="جامعة مكغيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة مكغيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_McGill" title="Université McGill – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Université McGill" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/MakGill_Universiteti" title="MakGill Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="MakGill Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="مکقیل بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مکقیل بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ম্যাকগিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাকগিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%94%D0%B6._%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Універсітэт імя Дж. Мак-Гіла – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Універсітэт імя Дж. Мак-Гіла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%E2%80%9E%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%E2%80%9C" title="Университет „Макгил“ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Университет „Макгил“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skol-veur_McGill" title="Skol-veur McGill – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skol-veur McGill" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_McGill" title="Universitat McGill – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat McGill" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGillova_univerzita" title="McGillova univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="McGillova univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_McGill" title="Prifysgol McGill – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol McGill" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="McGill University" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGilli_%C3%9Clikool" title="McGilli Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="McGilli Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BB" title="Πανεπιστήμιο ΜακΓκιλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο ΜακΓκιλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_McGill" title="Universidad McGill – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad McGill" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_McGill" title="Universitato McGill – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato McGill" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="دانشگاه مک‌گیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه مک‌گیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="McGill University" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_McGill" title="Université McGill – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université McGill" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_Thai-ho%CC%8Dk" title="McGill Thai-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="McGill Thai-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A5%EA%B8%B8_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="맥길 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맥길 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%27ar_McGill" title="Jami'ar McGill – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jami'ar McGill" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="ՄաքԳիլի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՄաքԳիլի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_McGill" title="Universitas McGill – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas McGill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill-h%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="McGill-háskóli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="McGill-háskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_McGill" title="Università McGill – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università McGill" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C" title="אוניברסיטת מקגיל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת מקגיל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მაკგილის უნივერსიტეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაკგილის უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Макгилл университеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Макгилл университеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_McGill" title="Chuo Kikuu cha McGill – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chuo Kikuu cha McGill" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_McGill" title="Universitas McGill – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas McGill" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgila_Universit%C4%81te" title="Makgila Universitāte – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Makgila Universitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgilio_universitetas" title="Makgilio universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Makgilio universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84" title="جامعة ماكجيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة ماكجيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_McGill" title="Universiti McGill – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti McGill" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="မက်ဂေးလ် တက္ကသိုလ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဂေးလ် တက္ကသိုလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill-universiteit" title="McGill-universiteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="McGill-universiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="マギル大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マギル大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="McGill University" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਮੈਕਗਿੱਲ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਕਗਿੱਲ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DA%AF%D9%84_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="مکگل یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکگل یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_McGilla" title="Uniwersytet McGilla – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet McGilla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_McGill" title="Universidade McGill – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade McGill" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_McGill" title="Universitatea McGill – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea McGill" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Макгиллский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макгиллский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="McGill University" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="McGill University" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerza_McGill" title="Univerza McGill – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Univerza McGill" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="زانکۆی مەکگیل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانکۆی مەکگیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Универзитет Макгил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет Макгил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_McGill" title="Univerzitet McGill – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet McGill" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill-yliopisto" title="McGill-yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="McGill-yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="McGill University" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamantasang_McGill" title="Pamantasang McGill – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pamantasang McGill" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மக்கில் பல்கலைக்கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கில் பல்கலைக்கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="มหาวิทยาลัยแมคกิลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยแมคกิลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGill_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="McGill Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="McGill Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Університет Макгілла – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Університет Макгілла" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_McGill" title="Đại học McGill – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học McGill" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="麦吉尔大学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麦吉尔大学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="麥基爾大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麥基爾大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="麦吉尔大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麦吉尔大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 05:19 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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