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<span>Analysis and criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Performance history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parody" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parody"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Parody</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parody-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Coriolanus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="كريولانس (مسرحية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريولانس (مسرحية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="কোরিওলেনাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোরিওলেনাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriol%C3%A0_(obra_de_teatre)" title="Coriolà (obra de teatre) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coriolà (obra de teatre)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus_(Shakespeare)" title="Coriolanus (Shakespeare) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Coriolanus (Shakespeare)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus_(Shakespeare)" title="Coriolanus (Shakespeare) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coriolanus (Shakespeare)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BE%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81)" title="Κοριολανός (Σαίξπηρ) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοριολανός (Σαίξπηρ)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolano" title="Coriolano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coriolano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koriolano" title="Koriolano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koriolano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Coriolanus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کوریولانوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوریولانوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolan_(Shakespeare)" title="Coriolan (Shakespeare) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coriolan (Shakespeare)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koriolanus" title="Koriolanus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koriolanus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4" title="코리올레이너스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코리올레이너스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Կորիոլան (ողբերգություն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորիոլան (ողբերգություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Coriolanus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolano_(Shakespeare)" title="Coriolano (Shakespeare) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coriolano (Shakespeare)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קוריולנוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוריולנוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus_(Shakesperius)" title="Coriolanus (Shakesperius) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Coriolanus (Shakesperius)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus_(sz%C3%ADnm%C5%B1)" title="Coriolanus (színmű) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Coriolanus (színmű)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Coriolanus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus_(toneelstuk)" title="Coriolanus (toneelstuk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Coriolanus (toneelstuk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9" title="コリオレイナス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コリオレイナス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Coriolanus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Coriolanus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koriolan" title="Koriolan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koriolan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolano_(pe%C3%A7a_teatral)" title="Coriolano (peça teatral) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coriolano (peça teatral)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolan_(tragedie)" title="Coriolan (tragedie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coriolan (tragedie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кориолан (трагедия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кориолан (трагедия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coriolanus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Coriolanus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Кориолан (драма) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кориолан (драма)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus" title="Coriolanus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Coriolanus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus_(pj%C3%A4s)" title="Coriolanus (pjäs) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Coriolanus (pjäs)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriolanus_(oyun)" title="Coriolanus (oyun) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coriolanus (oyun)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Коріолан (трагедія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коріолан (трагедія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A7%E8%98%AD%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="科利奧蘭納斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科利奧蘭納斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q463126#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Play by William Shakespeare</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Shakespeare play. For the protagonist, see <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Marcius_Coriolanus" title="Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus">Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Coriolanus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Coriolanus (disambiguation)">Coriolanus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Lawrence_-_John_Philip_Kemble_as_Coriolanus_(1798).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Thomas_Lawrence_-_John_Philip_Kemble_as_Coriolanus_%281798%29.jpg/220px-Thomas_Lawrence_-_John_Philip_Kemble_as_Coriolanus_%281798%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Thomas_Lawrence_-_John_Philip_Kemble_as_Coriolanus_%281798%29.jpg/330px-Thomas_Lawrence_-_John_Philip_Kemble_as_Coriolanus_%281798%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Thomas_Lawrence_-_John_Philip_Kemble_as_Coriolanus_%281798%29.jpg/440px-Thomas_Lawrence_-_John_Philip_Kemble_as_Coriolanus_%281798%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1593" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Kemble" title="John Philip Kemble">John Philip Kemble</a> as Coriolanus in "Coriolanus" by William Shakespeare</i>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lawrence" title="Thomas Lawrence">Thomas Lawrence</a> (1798)</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Coriolanus</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span>-/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">tragedy</a> by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, believed to have been written between 1605 and 1608. The play is based on the life of the legendary <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Marcius_Coriolanus" title="Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus">Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus</a>. Shakespeare worked on it during the same years he wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i>, making them his last two tragedies. </p><p>Coriolanus is the name given to a Roman general after his military feats against the <a href="/wiki/Volsci" title="Volsci">Volscians</a> at <a href="/wiki/Corioli" title="Corioli">Corioli</a>. Following his success he seeks to be <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">consul</a>, but his disdain for the <a href="/wiki/Plebeians" title="Plebeians">plebeians</a> and mutual hostility with the <a href="/wiki/Tribune_of_the_plebs" title="Tribune of the plebs">tribunes</a> lead to his banishment from Rome. In exile, he presents himself to the Volscians, then leads them against Rome. After he relents and agrees to a peace with Rome, he is killed by his previous Volscian allies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgilia_bewailing_the_absence_of_Coriolanus,_by_Thomas_Woolner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Virgilia_bewailing_the_absence_of_Coriolanus%2C_by_Thomas_Woolner.jpg/170px-Virgilia_bewailing_the_absence_of_Coriolanus%2C_by_Thomas_Woolner.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Virgilia_bewailing_the_absence_of_Coriolanus%2C_by_Thomas_Woolner.jpg/255px-Virgilia_bewailing_the_absence_of_Coriolanus%2C_by_Thomas_Woolner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Virgilia_bewailing_the_absence_of_Coriolanus%2C_by_Thomas_Woolner.jpg/340px-Virgilia_bewailing_the_absence_of_Coriolanus%2C_by_Thomas_Woolner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="1690" /></a><figcaption>"Virgilia bewailing the absence of Coriolanus" by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Woolner" title="Thomas Woolner">Thomas Woolner</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The play opens in Rome shortly after the expulsion of the <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus" title="Lucius Tarquinius Superbus">Tarquin</a> kings. There are riots in progress after stores of grain have been withheld from ordinary citizens. The rioters are particularly angry at <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Marcius_Coriolanus" title="Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus">Caius Marcius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a brilliant Roman general whom they blame for the loss of their grain. The rioters encounter a <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(ancient_Rome)" title="Patrician (ancient Rome)">patrician</a> named <a href="/wiki/Agrippa_Menenius_Lanatus_(consul_503_BC)" title="Agrippa Menenius Lanatus (consul 503 BC)">Menenius Agrippa</a>, as well as Caius Marcius himself. Menenius tries to calm the rioters, while Marcius is openly contemptuous, and says that the <a href="/wiki/Plebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebs">plebeians</a> are not worthy of the grain because of their lack of military service. Two of the <a href="/wiki/Tribunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribunes">tribunes</a> of Rome, Brutus and Sicinius, privately denounce Marcius. Marcius leaves Rome after news arrives that a <a href="/wiki/Volsci" title="Volsci">Volscian</a> army is in the field. </p><p>The commander of the Volscian army, <a href="/wiki/Attius_Tullius" title="Attius Tullius">Tullus Aufidius</a>, has fought Marcius on several occasions and considers him a blood enemy. The Roman army is commanded by Cominius, with Marcius as his deputy. While Cominius takes his soldiers to meet Aufidius's army, Marcius rallies Roman troops in front of the Volscian city of <a href="/wiki/Corioli" title="Corioli">Corioli</a>. The siege of Corioli is initially unsuccessful, but the Romans conquer it when Marcius is able to force open the gates of the city. Even though he is exhausted from the fighting, Marcius marches quickly to join Cominius and fight the other Volscian forces. Marcius and Aufidius meet in single combat, fighting until Aufidius's own soldiers drag him away from the battle. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volumnia_pleads_with_Coriolanus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Volumnia_pleads_with_Coriolanus.jpg/220px-Volumnia_pleads_with_Coriolanus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Volumnia_pleads_with_Coriolanus.jpg/330px-Volumnia_pleads_with_Coriolanus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Volumnia_pleads_with_Coriolanus.jpg/440px-Volumnia_pleads_with_Coriolanus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1211" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>An 1800 painting by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Westall" title="Richard Westall">Richard Westall</a> of Volumnia pleading with Coriolanus not to destroy Rome.</figcaption></figure> <p>In recognition of his great courage, Cominius gives Caius Marcius the <a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">agnomen</a>, or "official <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a>", of <i>Coriolanus</i>. When they return to Rome, Coriolanus's mother Volumnia encourages her son to run for <a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">consul</a>. Coriolanus is hesitant to do this, but he bows to his mother's wishes. He effortlessly wins the support of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a>, and seems at first to have won over the plebeians as well. However, Brutus and Sicinius scheme to defeat Coriolanus and instigate another plebeian riot in opposition to his becoming consul. Faced with this opposition, Coriolanus flies into a rage and rails against the concept of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">popular rule</a>. He compares allowing plebeians to have power over the patricians to allowing "crows to peck the eagles". The two tribunes condemn Coriolanus as a traitor for his words and order him to be banished. Coriolanus retorts that it is he who banishes Rome from his presence. </p><p>After his exile from Rome, Coriolanus makes his way to the Volscian capital of <a href="/wiki/Antium" title="Antium">Antium</a>, and asks Aufidius's help to wreak revenge upon Rome for banishing him. Moved by his plight and honoured to fight alongside the great general, Aufidius and his superiors embrace Coriolanus, allowing him to lead a new assault on Rome. </p><p>Rome, in its panic, tries desperately to persuade Coriolanus to halt his crusade for vengeance, but both Cominius and Menenius fail. Finally, Volumnia is sent to meet her son, along with Coriolanus's wife Virgilia and their child, and the chaste gentlewoman Valeria. Volumnia succeeds in dissuading her son from destroying Rome, urging him instead to clear his name by reconciling the Volscians with the Romans and creating peace. </p><p>Coriolanus concludes a peace treaty between the Volscians and the Romans. When he returns to the Volscian capital, conspirators, organised by Aufidius, kill him for his betrayal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Romans</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Marcius_Coriolanus" title="Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus">Caius Marcius</a> – later surnamed Coriolanus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrippa_Menenius_Lanatus_(consul_503_BC)" title="Agrippa Menenius Lanatus (consul 503 BC)">Menenius Agrippa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Senator of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postumus_Cominius_Auruncus" title="Postumus Cominius Auruncus">Cominius</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">consul</a> and commander-in-chief of the army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Larcius" title="Titus Larcius">Titus Larcius</a> – Roman general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumnia" title="Volumnia">Volumnia</a> – Coriolanus' mother (historically, <a href="/wiki/Veturia" title="Veturia">Veturia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilia" title="Virgilia">Virgilia</a> – Coriolanus' wife</li> <li>Young Martius – Coriolanus' son</li> <li>Valeria – chaste lady of Rome and friend to Coriolanus' family</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Sicinius_Vellutus" title="Lucius Sicinius Vellutus">Sicinius Velutus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tribune" title="Tribune">tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Junius_Brutus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Junius Brutus">Junius Brutus</a> – tribune</li> <li>Roman Citizens</li> <li>Roman Soldiers</li> <li>Roman Herald</li> <li>Roman Senators</li></ul> </div> <p><i>Volscians</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attius_Tullius" title="Attius Tullius">Tullus Aufidius</a> – general of the <a href="/wiki/Volsci" title="Volsci">Volscian</a> army</li> <li>Aufidius' Lieutenant</li> <li>Aufidius' Servingmen</li> <li>Conspirators with Aufidius</li> <li>Adrian – Volscian spy</li> <li>Nicanor – Roman traitor</li> <li>Volscian Lords</li> <li>Volscian Citizens</li> <li>Volscian Soldiers</li></ul> </div> <p><i>Other</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Gentlewoman</li> <li>Usher</li> <li>Volscian senators and nobles</li> <li>Roman captains</li> <li>Officers</li> <li>Messengers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lictor" title="Lictor">Lictors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aedile" title="Aedile">Aediles</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North%27s_translation_of_Plutarch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/North%27s_translation_of_Plutarch.jpg/220px-North%27s_translation_of_Plutarch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/North%27s_translation_of_Plutarch.jpg/330px-North%27s_translation_of_Plutarch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/North%27s_translation_of_Plutarch.jpg/440px-North%27s_translation_of_Plutarch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The first page of <i>The Life of Caius Martius Coriolanus</i> from <a href="/wiki/Thomas_North" title="Thomas North">Thomas North</a>'s 1579 translation of <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>'s <i>Lives of the noble Grecians and Romanes</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Coriolanus</i> is largely based on the "Life of Coriolanus" in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_North" title="Thomas North">Thomas North</a>'s translation of <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Lives" title="Parallel Lives">The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans</a></i> (1579). The wording of <a href="/wiki/Menenius_Agrippa" class="mw-redirect" title="Menenius Agrippa">Menenius</a>'s speech about the <a href="/wiki/Body_politic" title="Body politic">body politic</a> is derived from <a href="/wiki/William_Camden" title="William Camden">William Camden</a>'s <i>Remaines of a Greater Worke Concerning Britaine</i> (1605),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_IV" title="Pope Adrian IV">Pope Adrian IV</a> compares a well-run government to a body in which "all parts performed their functions, only the stomach lay idle and consumed all"; the fable is also alluded to in <a href="/wiki/John_of_Salisbury" title="John of Salisbury">John of Salisbury</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Policraticus" title="Policraticus">Policraticus</a></i> (Camden's source) and <a href="/wiki/William_Averell" title="William Averell">William Averell</a>'s <i>A Marvailous Combat of Contrarieties</i> (1588).<sup id="cite_ref-umich.edu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umich.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other sources have been suggested, but are less certain. Shakespeare might also have drawn on <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ab_Urbe_condita_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab Urbe condita (book)">Ab Urbe condita</a></i>, as translated by <a href="/wiki/Philemon_Holland" title="Philemon Holland">Philemon Holland</a>, and possibly a digest of Livy by <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Annaeus_Florus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Annaeus Florus">Lucius Annaeus Florus</a>; both of these were commonly used texts in Elizabethan schools. <a href="/wiki/Machiavelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Discourses_on_Livy" title="Discourses on Livy">Discourses on Livy</a></i> were available in manuscript translations, and could also have been used by Shakespeare.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He might also have made use of Plutarch's original source, the <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus#Works" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Roman Antiquities of Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as on his own knowledge of Roman custom and law.<sup id="cite_ref-umich.edu_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umich.edu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Date_and_text">Date and text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Date and text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Folio,_Shakespeare_-_0616.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/First_Folio%2C_Shakespeare_-_0616.jpg/220px-First_Folio%2C_Shakespeare_-_0616.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/First_Folio%2C_Shakespeare_-_0616.jpg/330px-First_Folio%2C_Shakespeare_-_0616.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/First_Folio%2C_Shakespeare_-_0616.jpg/440px-First_Folio%2C_Shakespeare_-_0616.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1732" /></a><figcaption>The first page of <i>The Tragedy of Coriolanus</i> from the <a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a> of Shakespeare's plays, published in 1623</figcaption></figure> <p>Most scholars date <i>Coriolanus</i> to the period 1605–10, with 1608–09 being considered the most likely, although the available evidence does not permit great certainty. </p><p>The earliest date for the play rests on the fact that Menenius's fable of the belly is derived from <a href="/wiki/William_Camden" title="William Camden">William Camden</a>'s <i>Remaines</i>, published in 1605. The later date derives from the fact that several other texts from 1610 or thereabouts seem to allude to <i>Coriolanus</i>, including <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jonson" title="Ben Jonson">Ben Jonson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Epicoene" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicoene">Epicoene</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Armin" title="Robert Armin">Robert Armin</a>'s <i>Phantasma</i> and <a href="/wiki/John_Fletcher_(playwright)" title="John Fletcher (playwright)">John Fletcher</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman%27s_Prize" title="The Woman's Prize">The Woman's Prize, or the Tamer Tamed</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars note evidence that may narrow down the dating to the period 1607–09. One line may be inspired by <a href="/wiki/George_Chapman" title="George Chapman">George Chapman</a>'s translation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> (late 1608).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> References to "the coal of fire upon the ice" (I.i) and to squabbles over ownership of channels of water (III.i) could be inspired by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dekker_(writer)" title="Thomas Dekker (writer)">Thomas Dekker</a>'s description of the freezing of the <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a> in 1607–08 and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Myddleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Myddleton">Hugh Myddleton</a>'s project to bring water to London by channels in 1608–09 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another possible connection with 1608 is that the surviving text of the play is divided into acts; this suggests that it could have been written for the indoor <a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Theatre" title="Blackfriars Theatre">Blackfriars Theatre</a>, at which Shakespeare's company began to perform in 1608, although the act-breaks could instead have been introduced later.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The play's themes of popular discontent with government have been connected by scholars with the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Revolt" title="Midland Revolt">Midland Revolt</a>, a series of peasant riots in 1607 that would have affected Shakespeare as an owner of land in <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a>; and the debates over the charter for the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, which Shakespeare would have been aware of, as it affected the legal status of the area surrounding the Blackfriars Theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The riots in the Midlands were caused by hunger because of the enclosure of common land. </p><p>For these reasons, R.B. Parker suggests "late 1608 ... to early 1609" as the likeliest date of composition, while Lee Bliss suggests composition by late 1608, and the first public performances in "late December 1609 or February 1610". Parker acknowledges that the evidence is "scanty ... and mostly inferential".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The play was first published in the <a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a> of 1623. Elements of the text, such as the uncommonly detailed stage directions, lead some Shakespeare scholars to believe the text was prepared from a theatrical <a href="/wiki/Prompt_book" title="Prompt book">prompt book</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis_and_criticism">Analysis and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Analysis and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maulbertsch_Coriolanus_at_the_gates_of_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maulbertsch_Coriolanus_at_the_gates_of_Rome.jpg/220px-Maulbertsch_Coriolanus_at_the_gates_of_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maulbertsch_Coriolanus_at_the_gates_of_Rome.jpg/330px-Maulbertsch_Coriolanus_at_the_gates_of_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Maulbertsch_Coriolanus_at_the_gates_of_Rome.jpg/440px-Maulbertsch_Coriolanus_at_the_gates_of_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2369" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption><i>Coriolanus at the gates of Rome</i>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Anton_Maulbertsch" title="Franz Anton Maulbertsch">Franz Anton Maulbertsch</a> (c. 1795)</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bradley" title="A. C. Bradley">A. C. Bradley</a> described this play as "built on the grand scale,"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like <i>King Lear</i> and <i>Macbeth,</i> but it differs from those two masterpieces in an important way. The warrior Coriolanus is perhaps the most opaque of Shakespeare's tragic heroes, rarely pausing to <a href="/wiki/Soliloquy" title="Soliloquy">soliloquise</a> or reveal the motives behind his proud isolation from Roman society. In this way, he is less like the effervescent and reflective Shakespearean heroes/heroines such as <a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">Lear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a>, and more like figures from ancient classical literature such as <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a>—or, to turn to literary creations from Shakespeare's time, the <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Marlovian</a> conqueror <a href="/wiki/Tamburlaine" title="Tamburlaine">Tamburlaine</a>, whose militaristic pride finds its parallel in Coriolanus. Readers and playgoers have often found him an unsympathetic character, as his caustic pride is strangely, almost delicately balanced at times by a reluctance to be praised by his compatriots and an unwillingness to exploit and slander for political gain. His dislike of being praised might be seen as an expression of his pride; all he cares about is his own self-image, whereas acceptance of praise might imply that his value is affected by others' opinion of him. The play is less frequently produced than the other tragedies of the later period, and is not so universally regarded as great. (Bradley, for instance, declined to number it among his famous four in the landmark critical work <i>Shakespearean Tragedy.</i>) In his book <i>Shakespeare's Language</i>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Kermode" title="Frank Kermode">Frank Kermode</a> described <i>Coriolanus</i> as "probably the most fiercely and ingeniously planned and expressed of all the tragedies".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> famously proclaimed <i>Coriolanus</i> superior to <i>Hamlet</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacred_Wood_(T._S._Eliot)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sacred Wood (T. S. Eliot)">The Sacred Wood</a></i>, in which he calls the former play, along with <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i>, the Bard's greatest tragic achievement. Eliot wrote a two-part poem about Coriolanus, "Coriolan" (an alternative spelling of Coriolanus); he also alluded to <i>Coriolanus</i> in a passage from his own <i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> when he wrote, "Revive for a moment a broken Coriolanus."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Coriolanus</i> has the distinction of being among the few Shakespeare plays banned in a democracy in modern times.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was briefly suppressed in France in the late 1930s because of its use by the fascist element, and <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a> noted its prohibition in Post-War Germany due to its intense militarism.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_history">Performance history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Performance history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like some of Shakespeare's other plays (<i><a href="/wiki/All%27s_Well_That_Ends_Well" title="All's Well That Ends Well">All's Well That Ends Well</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Timon_of_Athens" title="Timon of Athens">Timon of Athens</a></i>), there is no recorded performance of <i>Coriolanus</i> prior to the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a>. After 1660, however, its themes made it a natural choice for times of political turmoil. The first known performance was <a href="/wiki/Nahum_Tate" title="Nahum Tate">Nahum Tate</a>'s bloody 1682 adaptation at <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lane" title="Theatre Royal, Drury Lane">Drury Lane</a>. Seemingly undeterred by the earlier suppression of his <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i>, Tate offered a <i>Coriolanus</i> that was faithful to Shakespeare through four acts before becoming a <a href="/wiki/John_Webster" title="John Webster">Websterian</a> bloodbath in the fifth act. A later adaptation, <a href="/wiki/John_Dennis_(dramatist)" title="John Dennis (dramatist)">John Dennis</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Invader_of_His_Country" title="The Invader of His Country">The Invader of His Country, or The Fatal Resentment</a></i>, was booed off the stage after three performances in 1719. The title and date indicate Dennis's intent, a vitriolic attack on the Jacobite <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1715" title="Jacobite rising of 1715">'Fifteen</a>. (Similar intentions motivated <a href="/wiki/James_Thomson_(poet,_born_1700)" title="James Thomson (poet, born 1700)">James Thomson</a>'s 1745 version, though this bears only a very slight resemblance to Shakespeare's play. Its principal connection to Shakespeare is indirect; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sheridan_(actor)" title="Thomas Sheridan (actor)">Thomas Sheridan</a>'s 1752 production at <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Dublin" title="Theatre Royal, Dublin">Smock Alley</a> used some passages of Thomson's. <a href="/wiki/David_Garrick" title="David Garrick">David Garrick</a> returned to Shakespeare's text in a 1754 Drury Lane production.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> first played the part at <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">The Old Vic</a> in 1937 and again at the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Memorial_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare Memorial Theatre">Shakespeare Memorial Theatre</a> in 1959. In that production, he performed Coriolanus's death scene by dropping backwards from a high platform and being suspended upside-down without the aid of wires.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971, the play returned to the Old Vic in a National Theatre production directed by <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Wekwerth" title="Manfred Wekwerth">Manfred Wekwerth</a> and Joachim Tenschert with stage design by <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Appen" title="Karl von Appen">Karl von Appen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> played Coriolanus, with <a href="/wiki/Constance_Cummings" title="Constance Cummings">Constance Cummings</a> as Volumnia and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Carteret" title="Anna Carteret">Anna Carteret</a> as Virgilia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other performances of Coriolanus include <a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Richardson" title="Ian Richardson">Ian Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toby_Stephens" title="Toby Stephens">Toby Stephens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ryan" title="Robert Ryan">Robert Ryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Walken" title="Christopher Walken">Christopher Walken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colm_Feore" title="Colm Feore">Colm Feore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2012, <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_Wales" title="National Theatre Wales">National Theatre Wales</a> produced a composite of Shakespeare's <i>Coriolanus</i> with <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Coriolanus_(Brecht)" title="Coriolanus (Brecht)"><i>Coriolan</i></a>, entitled Coriolan/us, in a disused hangar at <a href="/wiki/MOD_St_Athan" title="MOD St Athan">MOD St Athan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Directed by Mike Brookes and Mike Pearson, the production used <a href="/wiki/Silent_disco" title="Silent disco">silent disco</a> headsets to permit the text to be heard while the dramatic action moved throughout the large space. The production was well received by critics.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2013, <a href="/wiki/Donmar_Warehouse" title="Donmar Warehouse">Donmar Warehouse</a> opened their new production. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Josie_Rourke" title="Josie Rourke">Josie Rourke</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a> in the title role, along with <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gatiss" title="Mark Gatiss">Mark Gatiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Findlay" title="Deborah Findlay">Deborah Findlay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadley_Fraser" title="Hadley Fraser">Hadley Fraser</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Birgitte_Hjort_S%C3%B8rensen" title="Birgitte Hjort Sørensen">Birgitte Hjort Sørensen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DonmarWarehouse2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DonmarWarehouse2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LondonTheatre_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LondonTheatre-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production received very strong reviews. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Michael Billington</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> wrote "A fast, witty, intelligent production that, in Tom Hiddleston, boasts a fine Coriolanus."<sup id="cite_ref-GuardianReview_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuardianReview-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also credited Mark Gatiss as excellent as Menenius, the "humorous patrician".<sup id="cite_ref-GuardianReview_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuardianReview-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>, David Benedict wrote that <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Findlay" title="Deborah Findlay">Deborah Findlay</a> in her commanding maternal pride, held beautifully in opposition by <a href="/wiki/Birgitte_Hjort_S%C3%B8rensen" title="Birgitte Hjort Sørensen">Birgitte Hjort Sørensen</a> as Coriolanus's wife Virgilia.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Helen Lewis, in her review of <i>Coriolanus</i>, along with two other concurrently running sold-out Shakespeare productions with celebrity leads—<a href="/wiki/David_Tennant" title="David Tennant">David Tennant</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Jude_Law" title="Jude Law">Jude Law</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i>—concludes "if you can beg, borrow or plunder a ticket to one of these plays, let it be <i>Coriolanus</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play was broadcast in cinemas in the UK and internationally on 30 January 2014 as part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_Live" title="National Theatre Live">National Theatre Live</a> programme.<sup id="cite_ref-Donmare1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donmare1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Savoy_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savoy-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a> adapted Shakespeare's play in 1952–55, as <i><a href="/wiki/Coriolanus_(Brecht)" title="Coriolanus (Brecht)">Coriolan</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Berliner_Ensemble" title="Berliner Ensemble">Berliner Ensemble</a>. He intended to make it a tragedy of the workers, not the individual, and introduce the <a href="/wiki/Alienation_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Alienation effect">alienation effect</a>; his journal notes showing that he found many of his own effects already in the text, he considered staging the play with only minimal changes. The adaptation was unfinished at Brecht's death in 1956; it was completed by Manfred Wekwerth and Joachim Tenschert and staged in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1963, the BBC included Coriolanus in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spread_of_the_Eagle" title="The Spread of the Eagle">The Spread of the Eagle</a></i>. </p><p>Slovak composer <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Cikker" title="Ján Cikker">Ján Cikker</a> adapted the play into an opera which premiered in 1974 in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. </p><p>In 1983, the <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">BBC Television Shakespeare</a></i> series produced a version of the play. It starred <a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a> and was directed by <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Moshinsky" title="Elijah Moshinsky">Elijah Moshinsky</a>. </p><p>In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a> performed a new staging of <i>Coriolanus</i> (along with two other plays) starring <a href="/wiki/Greg_Hicks" title="Greg Hicks">Greg Hicks</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. The director, David Farr, saw the play as depicting the modernisation of an ancient ritualised culture, and drew on <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> influences to illustrate that view. He described it as "in essence, a modern production. The play is basically about the birth of democracy."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> directed and starred as Coriolanus with <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Butler" title="Gerard Butler">Gerard Butler</a> as Aufidius and <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> as Volumnia in a modern-day film adaptation <i><a href="/wiki/Coriolanus_(film)" title="Coriolanus (film)">Coriolanus</a></i>. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray in May, 2012. It has a 93% rating on the film review site Rottentomatoes.com.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a> argued that unlike preceding adaptations, Fiennes' film portrayed Coriolanus without trying to rationalise his behaviour, as a raw figure for the "radical <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left</a>" whom he compares to Che Guevara, whom Žižek characterises as making clear that "a revolutionary also has to be a 'killing machine'".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanghalang_Pilipino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanghalang Pilipino (page does not exist)">Tanghalang Pilipino</a> staged a Filipino translation of the tragedy. It was translated by Guelan Varela-Luarca and was directed by Carlos Siguion-Reyna. The play was led by TP Actors Company's senior member Marco Viaña as Coriolanus, opposite to him is Brian Sy as Tullus Aufidius, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Makil-Ignacio" title="Frances Makil-Ignacio">Frances Makil-Ignacio</a> and Sherry Lara alternating the role of Volumnia. Along with them are Jonathan Tadioan as Menenius, JV Ibesate as Velutus, Doray Dayao as Brutus, and the Tanghalang Pilipino Actors Company.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parody">Parody</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Parody"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the title character's name's pronunciation in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">classical Latin</a> has the <i>a</i> pronounced "[aː]" in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>, in English the a is usually pronounced "[eɪ]." <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ludwig" title="Ken Ludwig">Ken Ludwig</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Moon_Over_Buffalo" title="Moon Over Buffalo">Moon Over Buffalo</a></i> contains a joke dependent upon this pronunciation, and the parody <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_William_Shakespeare_(Abridged)" title="The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)">The Complete Wrks of Wllm Shkspr (Abridged)</a></i> refers to it as "the <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> play". Shakespeare pronunciation guides list both pronunciations as acceptable.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a>'s song "Brush Up Your Shakespeare" from the musical <i><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me,_Kate" title="Kiss Me, Kate">Kiss Me, Kate</a></i> includes the lines: "If she says your behaviour is heinous,/Kick her right in the Coriolanus". </p><p>Based on <i>Coriolanus</i>, and written in blank verse, "Complots of Mischief" is a satirical critique of those who dismiss conspiracy theories. Written by philosopher Charles Pigden, it was published in <i>Conspiracy Theories: The Philosophical Debate</i> (Ashgate 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJones1917" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2003) [1917]. Roach, Peter; Hartmann, James; Setter, Jane (eds.). <i>English Pronouncing Dictionary</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2"><bdi>3-12-539683-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-12-539683-2&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spelled Martius in the 1623 Folio, otherwise known as Marcius, i.e., a member of the <i>gens Marcia</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.B. Parker, ed. <i>Coriolanus</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 17–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.03.0106%3Asection%3DDATE+OF+COMPOSITION%3Asubsection%3DMalone">[1]</a> Furness, Horace Howard, <i>The Tragedie of Coriolanus</i> (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1928), p. 596.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-umich.edu-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-umich.edu_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-umich.edu_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719142930/http://www.umich.edu/~bhlumrec/admin_unit/president/WEBSITE/09142005accession/rsc/plays/coriolanus/composition.html">University of Michigan, The Royal Shakespeare Company, Michigan Residency, 2003</a> Retrieved 15 March 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, 18–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee Bliss, ed. <i>Coriolanus</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 1–2; R.B. Parker, <i>Coriolanus</i> (Oxford University Press, 1994), 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, 4–5; Bliss, 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, 5–6; Bliss, 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bliss, 4–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, 6–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, 7, 2; Bliss, 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley, <i>Shakespearean Tragedy</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKermode2001" class="citation book cs1">Kermode, Frank (2001). <i>Shakespeare's Language</i>. London: Penguin Books. p. 254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-028592-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-028592-X"><bdi>0-14-028592-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Language&rft.place=London&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-14-028592-X&rft.aulast=Kermode&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliot1963" class="citation book cs1">Eliot, T. S. (1963). <i>Collected Poems</i>. Orlando: Harcourt. pp. 69, 125–129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collected+Poems&rft.place=Orlando&rft.pages=69%2C+125-129&rft.pub=Harcourt&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Eliot&rft.aufirst=T.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurois1948" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andre_Maurois" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Maurois">Maurois, Andre</a> (1948). <i>The Miracle of France</i>. Henri Lorin Binsse (trans.). 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Halliday, <i>A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964,</i> Baltimore, Penguin, 1964; p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rsc.org.uk/searcharchives/search/data?type_id=1&field,RESOURCE_IDENTIFIER,substring,string=C_M982_34">RSC.org.uk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215053707/http://www.rsc.org.uk/searcharchives/search/data?type_id=1&field%2CRESOURCE_IDENTIFIER%2Csubstring%2Cstring=C_M982_34">Archived</a> 15 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 13 October 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickson2012" class="citation news cs1">Dickson, Andrew (30 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/jul/30/coriolanus-pearson-brooks-interview">"National Theatre Wales's Coriolan/us: ready for take-off"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=National+Theatre+Wales%27s+Coriolan%2Fus%3A+ready+for+take-off&rft.date=2012-07-30&rft.aulast=Dickson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2012%2Fjul%2F30%2Fcoriolanus-pearson-brooks-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2012" class="citation news cs1">Billington, Michael (10 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/aug/10/coriolanus-review">"Coriolan/us – review"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Coriolan%2Fus+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2012-08-10&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2012%2Faug%2F10%2Fcoriolanus-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2012" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Dylan (10 August 2012). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-reviews/9467499/Coriolanus-National-Theatre-Wales-RAF-St-Athan-review.html">"Coriolan/us, National Theatre Wales, RAF St Athan, review"</a></span>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-reviews/9467499/Coriolanus-National-Theatre-Wales-RAF-St-Athan-review.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Coriolan%2Fus%2C+National+Theatre+Wales%2C+RAF+St+Athan%2C+review&rft.date=2012-08-10&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftheatre%2Ftheatre-reviews%2F9467499%2FCoriolanus-National-Theatre-Wales-RAF-St-Athan-review.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DonmarWarehouse2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DonmarWarehouse2_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112204547/http://www.donmarwarehouse.com/whats-on/donmar-warehouse/2013/coriolanus">"Coriolanus 06 December 2013 – 13 February 2014"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coriolanus+06+December+2013+%E2%80%93+13+February+2014&rft.pub=Donmar+Warehouse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.donmarwarehouse.com%2Fwhats-on%2Fdonmar-warehouse%2F2013%2Fcoriolanus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LondonTheatre-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LondonTheatre_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londontheatre.co.uk/theatre-news/news/further-casting-for-donmar-warehouses-coriolanus">"Further casting for Donmar Warehouse's Coriolanus"</a>. London Theatre. 11 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Coriolanus+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2013%2Fdec%2F18%2Fcoriolanus-review-donmar-warehouse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenedict2013" class="citation web cs1">Benedict, David (17 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2013/legit/reviews/london-theater-review-coriolanus-starring-tom-hiddleston-1200969320/">"London Theater Review: 'Coriolanus' Starring Tom Hiddleston"</a>. 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New York: Greenwood Press. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+Around+the+Globe%3A+A+Guide+to+Notable+Postwar+Revivals&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesbit2003" class="citation web cs1">Nesbit, Joanne (20 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126104647/http://www.ur.umich.edu/0203/Jan20_03/19.shtml">"U-M hosts Royal Shakespeare Company's U.S. premiere of "Midnight's Children"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The University Record Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ur.umich.edu/0203/Jan20_03/19.shtml">the original</a> on 26 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2017</span>. <q>Headlined by the U.S. premiere of the stage adaptation of Salman Rushdie's award-winning novel "Midnight's Children," the 16-day residency also offers new stagings of Shakespeare's "The Merry Wives of Windsor" and "Coriolanus".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+Record+Online&rft.atitle=U-M+hosts+Royal+Shakespeare+Company%27s+U.S.+premiere+of+%22Midnight%27s+Children%22&rft.date=2003-01-20&rft.aulast=Nesbit&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ur.umich.edu%2F0203%2FJan20_03%2F19.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/coriolanus_2010/">"Coriolanus"</a>. <i>Rottentomatoes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rottentomatoes.com&rft.atitle=Coriolanus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fcoriolanus_2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahnich2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Wahnich" title="Sophie Wahnich">Wahnich, Sophie</a> (2001). "Foreword". <i>In Defence of the Terror: Liberty or Death in the French Revolution</i>. Verso Books. pp. xxiii–xxix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1844678624" title="Special:BookSources/978-1844678624"><bdi>978-1844678624</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=In+Defence+of+the+Terror%3A+Liberty+or+Death+in+the+French+Revolution&rft.pages=xxiii-xxix&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1844678624&rft.aulast=Wahnich&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2019" class="citation web cs1">Tan, Frida (7 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theaterfansmanila.com/coriolano-is-the-latest-william-shakespeare-adaptation/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Coriolano" is the Latest William Shakespeare Adaptation"</a>. <i>TheaterFansManila.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheaterFansManila.com&rft.atitle=%22Coriolano%22+is+the+Latest+William+Shakespeare+Adaptation&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Frida&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheaterfansmanila.com%2Fcoriolano-is-the-latest-william-shakespeare-adaptation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230525142801/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2019/3/1/tanghalang-pilipino-stages-coriolanus.html">"Tanghalang Pilipino Stages William Shakespeare's Coriolanus"</a>. <i>cnn</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnphilippines.com/lifestyle/2019/3/1/tanghalang-pilipino-stages-coriolanus.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnn&rft.atitle=Tanghalang+Pilipino+Stages+William+Shakespeare%27s+Coriolanus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnphilippines.com%2Flifestyle%2F2019%2F3%2F1%2Ftanghalang-pilipino-stages-coriolanus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shakespeare, W. (1968). <i>Coriolanus: Special Illustrated Edition.</i> Starbooks Classics. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DBr7mQyPAkQC&dq=Shakespeare+pronunciation+guides+list+both+pronunciations+as+acceptable&pg=PP1">books.google.com</a>. Accessed 11 April 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odt.co.nz/tags/he-kitenga/32797/complots-mischief-coriolanus-and-conspiracy">"Complots of Mischief: Coriolanus and conspiracy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i>. 21 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Otago+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Complots+of+Mischief%3A+Coriolanus+and+conspiracy&rft.date=2008-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Ftags%2Fhe-kitenga%2F32797%2Fcomplots-mischief-coriolanus-and-conspiracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Krajewski, Bruce. "Coriolanus: 'Unfit for Anyone's Conversation,'" in <i>Traveling with Hermes: Hermeneutics and Rhetoric</i> (1992), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87023-815-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87023-815-9">0-87023-815-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunberry2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lunberry, Clark (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clarklunberry.com/uploads/4/2/3/4/42346943/4125436.pdf">"In the Name of <i>Coriolanus</i>: The Prompter (Prompted)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Comparative Literature</i>. <b>54</b> (3): 229–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F-54-3-229">10.1215/-54-3-229</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4125436">4125436</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423120508/http://www.clarklunberry.com/uploads/4/2/3/4/42346943/4125436.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Literature&rft.atitle=In+the+Name+of+Coriolanus%3A+The+Prompter+%28Prompted%29&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=229-241&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F-54-3-229&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4125436%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lunberry&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarklunberry.com%2Fuploads%2F4%2F2%2F3%2F4%2F42346943%2F4125436.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoriolanus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coriolanus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Text of the play by Shakespeare: <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/william-shakespeare/coriolanus">Coriolanus</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shakespeare.mit.edu/coriolanus/index.html">Full text of Shakespeare's play</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/doc/Cor_F1/index.html">Old Spelling Transcription</a> – Transcription of First Folio.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1535"><i>Coriolanus</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/works/coriolanus"><i>Coriolanus</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701004444/http://www.bl.uk/works/coriolanus">Archived</a> 1 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the British Library</li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Coriolanus&author=SHAKESPEARE&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Coriolanus</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maximumedge.com/shakespeare/coriolanus.htm"><i>Coriolanus</i></a> – Scene-indexed and searchable version of the play.</li></ul></li> <li>Plutarch's <i>Life of Coriolanus</i> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/coriolan.html">Plutarch's <i>Life of Coriolanus</i></a> – 17th century English translation by <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14033/14033-h/14033-h.htm#LIFE_OF_CAIUS_MARCIUS_CORIOLANUS">Plutarch's <i>Life of Coriolanus</i></a> – 19th century English translation by Aubrey Stewart and George Long</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1372686/"><i>Coriolanus</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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href="/wiki/Template:William_Shakespeare" title="Template:William Shakespeare"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:William_Shakespeare" title="Template talk:William Shakespeare"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:William_Shakespeare" title="Special:EditPage/Template:William Shakespeare"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_plays" title="Shakespeare's plays">Plays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_comedy" title="Shakespearean comedy">Comedies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All%27s_Well_That_Ends_Well" title="All's Well That Ends Well">All's Well That Ends Well</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Comedy_of_Errors" title="The Comedy of Errors">The Comedy of Errors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbeline" title="Cymbeline">Cymbeline</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labour%27s_Lost" title="Love's Labour's Lost">Love's Labour's Lost</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream" title="A Midsummer Night's Dream">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pericles,_Prince_of_Tyre" title="Pericles, Prince of Tyre">Pericles, Prince of Tyre</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew" title="The Taming of the Shrew">The Taming of the Shrew</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Gentlemen_of_Verona" title="The Two Gentlemen of Verona">The Two Gentlemen of Verona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Noble_Kinsmen" title="The Two Noble Kinsmen">The Two Noble Kinsmen</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_tragedy" title="Shakespearean tragedy">Tragedies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coriolanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timon_of_Athens" title="Timon of Athens">Timon of Athens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titus_Andronicus" title="Titus Andronicus">Titus Andronicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_history" title="Shakespearean history">Histories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/King_John_(play)" title="King John (play)">King John</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_(play)" title="Edward III (play)">Edward III</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i></li> <li><i>Henry IV</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_1" title="Henry IV, Part 1">1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_2" title="Henry IV, Part 2">2</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_(play)" title="Henry VI (play)">Henry VI</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_1" title="Henry VI, Part 1">1</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_2" title="Henry VI, Part 2">2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Part_3" title="Henry VI, Part 3">3</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a></i> ✻</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_texts_of_Shakespeare%27s_works" title="Early texts of Shakespeare's works">Early editions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespeare_plays_in_quarto" title="List of Shakespeare plays in quarto">Quarto publications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Folio" title="Second Folio">Second Folio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespearean_problem_play" title="Shakespearean problem play">Problem plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_late_romances" title="Shakespeare's late romances">Late romances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriad" title="Henriad">Henriad</a></li> <li>Characters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_characters_(A%E2%80%93K)" title="List of Shakespearean characters (A–K)">A–K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_characters_(L%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of Shakespearean characters (L–Z)">L–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_character" title="Ghost character">Ghost character</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Shakespeare%27s_plays" title="Chronology of Shakespeare's plays">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_performance" title="Shakespeare in performance">Performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_settings" title="List of Shakespearean settings">Settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shakespearean_scenes" title="List of Shakespearean scenes">Scenes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chandos_portrait" title="Chandos portrait"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/75px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/113px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png/150px-Shakespeare_%28oval-cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets" title="Shakespeare's sonnets">Shakespeare's sonnets</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrarch%27s_and_Shakespeare%27s_sonnets" title="Petrarch's and Shakespeare's sonnets">comparison to Petrarch</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Lover%27s_Complaint" title="A Lover's Complaint">A Lover's Complaint</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_and_the_Turtle" title="The Phoenix and the Turtle">The Phoenix and the Turtle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rape_of_Lucrece" title="The Rape of Lucrece">The Rape of Lucrece</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_and_Adonis_(Shakespeare_poem)" title="Venus and Adonis (Shakespeare poem)">Venus and Adonis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_apocrypha" title="Shakespeare apocrypha">Apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arden_of_Faversham" title="Arden of Faversham">Arden of Faversham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_Merlin" title="The Birth of Merlin">The Birth of Merlin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Cardenio" title="The History of Cardenio">Cardenio</a></i> ✻†</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Double_Falsehood" title="Double Falsehood">Double Falsehood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Ironside_(play)" title="Edmund Ironside (play)">Edmund Ironside</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fair_Em" title="Fair Em">Fair Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Locrine" title="Locrine">Locrine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Prodigal" title="The London Prodigal">The London Prodigal</a></i></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labour%27s_Won" title="Love's Labour's Won">Love's Labour's Won</a></i> †</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Devil_of_Edmonton" title="The Merry Devil of Edmonton">The Merry Devil of Edmonton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mucedorus" title="Mucedorus">Mucedorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Puritan" title="The Puritan">The Puritan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Maiden%27s_Tragedy" title="The Second Maiden's Tragedy">The Second Maiden's Tragedy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sejanus_His_Fall" title="Sejanus His Fall">Sejanus His Fall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Oldcastle" title="Sir John Oldcastle">Sir John Oldcastle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_(play)" title="Sir Thomas More (play)">Sir Thomas More</a></i> ✻</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Tragedy" title="The Spanish Tragedy">The Spanish Tragedy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lord_Cromwell" title="Thomas Lord Cromwell">Thomas Lord Cromwell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Woodstock_(play)" title="Thomas of Woodstock (play)">Thomas of Woodstock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ur-Hamlet" title="Ur-Hamlet">Ur-Hamlet</a></i> †</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vortigern_and_Rowena" title="Vortigern and Rowena">Vortigern and Rowena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Yorkshire_Tragedy" title="A Yorkshire Tragedy">A Yorkshire Tragedy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passionate_Pilgrim" title="The Passionate Pilgrim">The Passionate Pilgrim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Queen" title="To the Queen">To the Queen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Life of William Shakespeare">Life</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of works by William Shakespeare">works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Birthplace" title="Shakespeare's Birthplace">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of works by William Shakespeare">Bibliography</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Works_of_Shakespeare" title="Complete Works of Shakespeare">Complete Works</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_works_by_William_Shakespeare" title="List of translations of works by William Shakespeare">Translations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_coat_of_arms" title="Shakespeare coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare%27s_collaborations" title="William Shakespeare's collaborations">Collaborations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_editors" title="Shakespeare's editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance_theatre" title="English Renaissance theatre">English Renaissance theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_Theatre" title="Globe Theatre">Globe Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_handwriting" title="Shakespeare's handwriting">Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain%27s_Men" title="Lord Chamberlain's Men">Lord Chamberlain's Men</a>/<a href="/wiki/King%27s_Men_(playing_company)" title="King's Men (playing company)">King's Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Theatre" title="The Theatre">The Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_Theatre" title="Curtain Theatre">Curtain Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_plays_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Music in the plays of William Shakespeare">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Place" title="New Place">New Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Shakespeare" title="Portraits of Shakespeare">Portraits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Religious views of William Shakespeare">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Sexuality of William Shakespeare">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_of_Shakespeare%27s_name" title="Spelling of Shakespeare's name">Spelling of his name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_writing_style" title="Shakespeare's writing style">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_will" title="Shakespeare's will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon">Grave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reputation_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Reputation of William Shakespeare">Legacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_attribution_studies" title="Shakespeare attribution studies">Attribution studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_authorship_question" title="Shakespeare authorship question">Authorship question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardolatry" title="Bardolatry">Bardolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_festival" title="Shakespeare festival">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_garden" title="Shakespeare garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Influence of William Shakespeare">Influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_William_Shakespeare" title="Memorials to William Shakespeare">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_William_Shakespeare_screen_adaptations" title="List of William Shakespeare screen adaptations">Screen adaptations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_and_Star_Trek" title="Shakespeare and Star Trek">Shakespeare and <i>Star Trek</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_titled_after_Shakespeare" title="List of works titled after Shakespeare">Works titled after Shakespeare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Institutions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Quarterly" title="Shakespeare Quarterly">Shakespeare Quarterly</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="Royal Shakespeare Theatre">Royal Shakespeare Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Birthplace_Trust" title="Shakespeare Birthplace Trust">Shakespeare Birthplace Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a> (replica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Institute" title="Shakespeare Institute">Shakespeare Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway_(wife_of_Shakespeare)" title="Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)">Anne Hathaway</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Hall" title="Susanna Hall">Susanna Hall</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnet_Shakespeare" title="Hamnet Shakespeare">Hamnet Shakespeare</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Quiney" title="Judith Quiney">Judith Quiney</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barnard" title="Elizabeth Barnard">Elizabeth Barnard</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shakespeare" title="John Shakespeare">John Shakespeare</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shakespeare" title="Mary Shakespeare">Mary Arden</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shakespeare" title="Gilbert Shakespeare">Gilbert Shakespeare</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Shakespeare" title="Joan Shakespeare">Joan Shakespeare</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Shakespeare" title="Edmund Shakespeare">Edmund Shakespeare</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shakespeare" title="Richard Shakespeare">Richard Shakespeare</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(physician)" title="John Hall (physician)">John Hall</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Quiney" title="Thomas Quiney">Thomas Quiney</a> (son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>✻ <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare%27s_collaborations" title="William Shakespeare's collaborations">Shakespeare and other authors</a></li> <li>† Lost</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:William_Shakespeare" title="Category:William Shakespeare">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Coriolanus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coriolanus" title="Template:Coriolanus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coriolanus" title="Template talk:Coriolanus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coriolanus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coriolanus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="William_Shakespeare&#039;s_Coriolanus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coriolanus</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Marcius_Coriolanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaius Marcius Coriolanus">Caius Martius Coriolanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrippa_Menenius_Lanatus_(consul_503_BC)" title="Agrippa Menenius Lanatus (consul 503 BC)">Menenius Agrippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postumus_Cominius_Auruncus" title="Postumus Cominius Auruncus">Cominius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Larcius" title="Titus Larcius">Titus Lartius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Sicinius_Vellutus" title="Lucius Sicinius Vellutus">Sicinius Velutus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Junius_Brutus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Junius Brutus">Junius Brutus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attius_Tullius" title="Attius Tullius">Tullus Aufidius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volumnia" title="Volumnia">Volumnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilia" title="Virgilia">Virgilia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gavin_Hamilton_-_Coriolanus_Act_V,_Scene_III_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gavin_Hamilton_-_Coriolanus_Act_V%2C_Scene_III_edit2.jpg/100px-Gavin_Hamilton_-_Coriolanus_Act_V%2C_Scene_III_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gavin_Hamilton_-_Coriolanus_Act_V%2C_Scene_III_edit2.jpg/150px-Gavin_Hamilton_-_Coriolanus_Act_V%2C_Scene_III_edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gavin_Hamilton_-_Coriolanus_Act_V%2C_Scene_III_edit2.jpg/200px-Gavin_Hamilton_-_Coriolanus_Act_V%2C_Scene_III_edit2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7156" data-file-height="5672" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sources">Sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus#Works" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Roman Antiquities</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Lives" title="Parallel Lives">Parallel Lives</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ab_Urbe_Condita_Libri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab Urbe Condita Libri">Ab Urbe Condita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Policraticus" title="Policraticus">Policraticus</a></i></li> <li><i>A Mervalious Combat of Contrarieties</i> (<a href="/wiki/William_Averell" title="William Averell">William Averell</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Adaptations">Adaptations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coriolanus_(Brecht)" title="Coriolanus (Brecht)">Coriolanus</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spread_of_the_Eagle#"Coriolanus:_The_Hero"" title="The Spread of the Eagle">The Spread of the Eagle</a></i> (1963; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television_Shakespeare#The_Tragedy_of_Coriolanus" title="BBC Television Shakespeare">The Tragedy of Coriolanus</a></i> (1984; TV)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coriolanus_(film)" title="Coriolanus (film)">Coriolanus</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veturia" title="Veturia">Veturia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_North" title="Thomas North">Thomas North</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Tragedies" title="Roman Tragedies">Roman Tragedies</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media 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