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data-a2a-url="https://www.start.umd.edu/research-projects/western-tools-short-war-impact-assessment-selected-use-cases-ukraine" data-a2a-title="Western Tools Short of War: Impact Assessment of Selected Use Cases in Ukraine"><a class="a2a_button_print"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a></span>  </div>      <div id="block-pagetitle" class="block-region-content-top page-title-block block block-core block-page-title-block" data-region="content-top">    <h1 class="page-title">     <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Western Tools Short of War: Impact Assessment of Selected Use Cases in Ukraine</span>  </h1>  </div>           <div id="block-umd-content" class="block-region-content system-main-block block block-system block-system-main-block" data-region="content">     <article data-history-node-id="36777" role="article" about="/research-projects/western-tools-short-war-impact-assessment-selected-use-cases-ukraine" class="node-36777 prose max-w-none node node--type-research-project node--promoted node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content">     <div class="field field--name-field-investigators field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Investigators:</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/people/egle-murauskaite" hreflang="und">Egle Murauskaite</a></div> </div> </div>      <div id="node-research-project-full-group-project-details" class="group-project-details field-group-div info-block info-line"> <h3>Project Details</h3>     <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abstract:</div> <div class="field__item"><p>These interim reports are part of the START project, “Western Tools Short of War: Impact Assessment of Selected Use Cases in Ukraine,” part of the Asymmetric Threat Analysis Center (ATAC), a joint program between START and UMD’s Applied Research Lab for Intelligence and Security (ARLIS). The Department of Defense funds ATAC under award no. HQ003421F0481. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense. </p> <p> </p> <h3>Reports</h3> <hr /> <h5><a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/publication/us-assistance-ukraine-information-space-intelligence-cyber-and-signaling" hreflang="en">U.S. Assistance to Ukraine in the Information Space: Intelligence, Cyber, and Signaling</a></h5> <hr /> <h5><a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/publication/us-military-training-assistance-ukraine" hreflang="en">U.S. Military Training Assistance to Ukraine</a></h5> <hr /> <h5><a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/publication/us-arms-transfers-ukraine-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">U.S. Arms Transfers to Ukraine: Impact Assessment</a></h5> </div> </div>  </div>      <div id="node-research-project-full-group-tags" class="group-tags field-group-div info-block info-line"> <h3>Keywords</h3>     <div class="field field--name-field-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topics:</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/topics/weapons-and-tactics" hreflang="en">Weapons and Tactics</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/topics/political-conflict-and-violence" hreflang="en">Political Conflict and Violence</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/topics/international-relations" hreflang="en">International Relations</a></div> </div> </div>      <div class="field field--name-field-research-area field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Research Area:</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/research-areas/resilience" hreflang="en">Resilience</a></div> </div> </div>      <div class="field field--name-field-regions field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Regions:</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/regions/eastern-europe" hreflang="en">Eastern Europe</a></div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div> </article>  </div>           <div class="views-element-container block-region-content-bottom views-block block block-views block-views-blockpublications-block-3" id="block-views-block-publications-block-3" data-region="content-bottom">    <div>     <div class="view view-publications view-id-publications view-display-id-block_3 js-view-dom-id-a77b0d64bba33235e846eec0a2cc85f95856c15de3b28fd1db2d65e170dc3774"> <div class="view-header"> <h3>Selected Publications</h3> </div> <div class="view-content">     <div class="views-row-first views-row-odd views-row">    <span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">    <a href="/publication/war-ukraine-understanding-western-tools-short-war" hreflang="en">The War in Ukraine: Understanding Western Tools Short of War</a>  </span></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-publication-type"><span class="field-content">     (Book)  </span></span>  </div> <div class="views-row-even views-row">    <span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">    <a href="/publication/us-assistance-ukraine-information-space-intelligence-cyber-and-signaling" hreflang="en">U.S. Assistance to Ukraine in the Information Space: Intelligence, Cyber, and Signaling</a>  </span></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-publication-type"><span class="field-content">     (START Reports)  </span></span>  </div> <div class="views-row-odd views-row">    <span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">    <a href="/publication/us-military-training-assistance-ukraine" hreflang="en">U.S. Military Training Assistance to Ukraine</a>  </span></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-publication-type"><span class="field-content">     (START Reports)  </span></span>  </div> <div class="views-row-last views-row-even views-row">    <span class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content">    <a href="/publication/us-arms-transfers-ukraine-impact-assessment" hreflang="en">U.S. Arms Transfers to Ukraine: Impact Assessment</a>  </span></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-publication-type"><span class="field-content">     (START Reports)  </span></span>  </div>  </div> </div>  </div>  </div>      <div class="views-element-container block-region-content-bottom views-block block block-views block-views-blocknews-block-5 block--empty" id="block-views-block-news-block-5-2" data-region="content-bottom">    <div>     <div class="group-focus field-group-div info-block info-line view view-news view-id-news view-display-id-block_5 js-view-dom-id-9ce773cf1a736d1667401947ff459946587399f50d6e01d8ed7bc576ae26dc82"> </div>  </div>  </div>   </section> <aside class="layout-sidebar-right col-span-12 md:col-span-3" role="complementary">         <div id="block-spotlightpublicationsgroup" class="blocks-gray-grouped block-region-sidebar-right block-group block block-blockgroup 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      <div class="slide-title"> <h4><a href="/spotlight-types/research" hreflang="en">Research</a></h4> <h5> <a href="/node/36620" hreflang="en">Western Tools Short of War: Impact Assessment of Selected Use Cases in Ukraine</a> <a class="read-more-fa text-red" href="https://www.start.umd.edu/research-projects/western-tools-short-war-impact-assessment-selected-use-cases-ukraine"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </h5> </div> <a href="/node/36620" hreflang="en"> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/220x345/public/spotlight/images/Ukraine_0.jpg?itok=YryxMgji" width="220" height="345" alt="" typeof="Image" class="image-style-_20x345" /> </a>   </div>  </div>     <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_spotlight-block_4_1" class="views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-2 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-even">    <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-even">       <div class="slide-title"> <h4><a href="/spotlight-types/research" hreflang="en">Research</a></h4> <h5> <a href="/spotlight/anti-state-terrorist-plots-and-attacks-united-states" hreflang="en">Anti-State Terrorist Plots and Attacks in the United States</a> <a class="read-more-fa text-red" href="https://www.start.umd.edu/publication/anti-state-terrorist-plots-and-attacks-united-states"><i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </h5> </div> <a href="/spotlight/anti-state-terrorist-plots-and-attacks-united-states" hreflang="en"> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/220x345/public/spotlight/images/Prosecuting_0.jpg?itok=YtiA7khs" width="220" height="345" alt="" typeof="Image" class="image-style-_20x345" /> </a>   </div>  </div>     <div id="views_slideshow_cycle_div_spotlight-block_4_2" class="views_slideshow_cycle_slide views_slideshow_slide views-row-3 views_slideshow_cycle_hidden views-row-odd">    <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-odd">       <div class="slide-title"> <h4><a href="/spotlight-types/education" 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