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<span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contractors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contractors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contractors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contractors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Payload_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Payload_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Payload selection</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Payload_selection-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Payload selection subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Payload_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lunar_Discovery_and_Exploration_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_Discovery_and_Exploration_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_Discovery_and_Exploration_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_batch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_batch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>First batch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_batch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_batch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_batch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Second batch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_batch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_batch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_batch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Third batch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_batch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_batch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_batch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Fourth batch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_batch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_missions_announced_under_CLPS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_missions_announced_under_CLPS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of missions announced under CLPS</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_missions_announced_under_CLPS-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of missions announced under CLPS subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_missions_announced_under_CLPS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Missions_contracted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missions_contracted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Missions contracted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missions_contracted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missions_announced_but_not_yet_contracted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missions_announced_but_not_yet_contracted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Missions announced but not yet contracted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missions_announced_but_not_yet_contracted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cancelled_missions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancelled_missions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cancelled missions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancelled_missions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الخدمات التجارية للحمولة القمرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخدمات التجارية للحمولة القمرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87" title="خدمات تجاری باربری به ماه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خدمات تجاری باربری به ماه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A2%E8%BC%B8%E9%80%81%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9" title="商業月面輸送サービス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="商業月面輸送サービス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_(47974872533).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg/220px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg/330px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg/440px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Models of the first three commercial landers selected for the program. Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Peregrine_lander" title="Astrobotic Technology"><i>Peregrine</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nova-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a>, and <i>Z-01</i> by <a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type of project</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">Aerospace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Proposed: <i><a href="/wiki/Artemis-7" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis-7">Artemis-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless Lunar Lander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a>, MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9, SERIES-2 </i> <br />Current: <i><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Peregrine_lander" title="Astrobotic Technology">Peregrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Griffin_Mission_One" title="Astrobotic Technology">Griffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Blue Ghost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)#Mission_3_and_beyond" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">APEX 1.0</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">2018<span class="noprint">; 6 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2018</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/commercial-lunar-payload-services/">NASA.gov/commercial-lunar-payload-services</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Commercial Lunar Payload Services</b> (<b>CLPS</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> program to hire companies to send small robotic landers and rovers to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>. Most landing sites are near the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">lunar south pole</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they will scout for <a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">lunar resources</a>, test <a href="/wiki/In_situ_resource_utilization" title="In situ resource utilization">in situ resource utilization</a> (ISRU) concepts, and perform lunar science to support the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis lunar program</a>. CLPS is intended to buy end-to-end payload services between Earth and the lunar surface using <a href="/wiki/Fixed-price_contract" title="Fixed-price contract">fixed-price contracts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_20180503_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_20180503-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program achieved the first landing on the Moon by a commercial company in history with the <a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a> mission in 2024. The program was extended to add support for large payloads starting after 2025. </p><p>The CLPS program is run by NASA's <a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a> along with the Human Exploration and Operations and Space Technology Mission directorates. NASA expects the contractors to provide all activities necessary to safely integrate, accommodate, transport, and operate NASA payloads, including launch vehicles, lunar lander spacecraft, lunar surface systems, Earth re-entry vehicles and associated resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eight missions have been contracted under the program (not counting one mission contract that was revoked after awarding and another mission contract that was cancelled after the contracted company went bankrupt). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NASA has been planning the exploration and use of natural <a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">lunar resources</a> for many years. A variety of exploration, science, and technology objectives that could be addressed by regularly sending instruments, experiments and other small payloads to the Moon have been identified by NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_20180503_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_20180503-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the concept study on the <i><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></i> rover was cancelled in April 2018, NASA officials explained that lunar surface exploration would continue in the future, but using commercial lander services under a new CLPS program.<sup id="cite_ref-Faust_May2018_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faust_May2018-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CLPS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLPS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that April, NASA announced the Commercial Lunar Payload Services program as the first step in the solicitation for flights to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_20180503_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_20180503-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clark010618_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark010618-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2018, CLPS issued a Draft Request for Proposal,<sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in September 2018 the CLPS Request for Proposal was issued as a formal solicitation.<sup id="cite_ref-sol_20180907_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sol_20180907-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 29, 2018, NASA announced the first nine companies that would be allowed to bid on contracts,<sup id="cite_ref-CLPS_win_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLPS_win-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_delivery-indefinite_quantity" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity">indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity</a> contracts with a combined maximum contract value of $2.6 billion over ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-CLPS_win_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLPS_win-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2018, NASA issued a solicitation for Lunar Surface Instrument and Technology Payloads that may become CLPS customers. Proposals were due by November 2018 and January 17, 2019. NASA makes annual calls for proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_Instruments_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Instruments-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSPIRES_2018_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSPIRES_2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 31, 2019, NASA announced a list of awards, to <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrobotic">Astrobotic</a>, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, $79.5 million; <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a>, of Houston, Texas, $77 million; and <a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a>, $97 million; to launch their Moon landers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Orbit Beyond dropped out in July 2019 (with NASA acknowledging termination of contract on July 29, 2019), but remained able to bid on future missions.<sup id="cite_ref-drops_out_2019_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drops_out_2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2024, NASA reported the initial award to Astrobotic had grown to $108 million, to carry five NASA science payloads instead of the initial number of 14, and that the contract value for Intuitive Machines had increased to $118 million.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 1, 2019, a $5.6 million contract was awarded to Astrobotic and its partner <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> to develop <i>MoonRanger</i>, a 13 kg (29 lb) rover to carry payloads on the Moon for NASA's CLPS.<sup id="cite_ref-MoonRanger1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoonRanger1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SlashGear2019_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SlashGear2019-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Launch was envisioned for either 2021 or 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-SlashGear2019_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SlashGear2019-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-P_Biz_T_2019_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P_Biz_T_2019-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rover would carry science payloads yet to be determined and developed by other providers, that would focus on scouting and creating 3D maps of a polar region for signs of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_water" title="Lunar water">water ice</a> or lunar pits for entrances to Moon caves.<sup id="cite_ref-P_Biz_T_2019_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P_Biz_T_2019-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMU2019_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMU2019-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rover would operate mostly autonomously for up to one week.<sup id="cite_ref-CMU2019_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMU2019-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 18, 2019, NASA added five contractors to the group of companies eligible to bid to deliver large payloads to the lunar surface under the CLPS program: <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceres_Robotics" title="Ceres Robotics">Ceres Robotics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tyvak_Nano-Satellite_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems">Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5companies-verge_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5companies-verge-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 8, 2020, NASA announced it had awarded the fourth (after Astrobotic's, Intuitive Machines' and OrbitBeyond's awards) CLPS contract for <a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems" title="Masten Space Systems">Masten Space Systems</a>. The contract, worth $75.9 million, was for Masten's XL-1 lunar lander to deliver payloads from NASA and other customers to the south pole of the Moon in late 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 11, 2020, NASA awarded <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a> its second CLPS contract. The mission would be the first flight of Astrobotic's larger Griffin lander.<sup id="cite_ref-AB-VIPER_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-VIPER-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Griffin weighs 450 kg. The award was for $199.5 million<sup id="cite_ref-AB-VIPER_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-VIPER-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which covers Griffin lander and launch costs. The mission was scheduled for November 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20220718_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20220718-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 16, 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA awarded <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a> their second CLPS contract for Intuitive Machines Mission 2 (IM-2). The contract was worth approximately $47 million. Using a <a href="/wiki/Nova-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a> lander, the mission would land a drill (<a href="/wiki/PRIME-1" title="PRIME-1">PRIME-1</a>) combined with a mass spectrometer near the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">Lunar south pole</a>, to attempt harvesting ice from below the surface. The mission was scheduled for December 2022, using a <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> rocket. </p><p>On February 4, 2021, NASA awarded a CLPS contract to <a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park,_Texas" title="Cedar Park, Texas">Cedar Park, Texas</a>, for approximately $93.3 million, to deliver a suite of 10 science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon in 2023 (later delayed to 2024). This was the sixth award (seventh counting the OrbitBeyond award that was later cancelled) for lunar surface delivery (a lunar lander) under the CLPS initiative. This was the first delivery awarded to Firefly Aerospace, which would provide the lunar delivery service using its <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ghost" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Ghost">Blue Ghost</a> lander, designed and developed at the company Cedar Park facility.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA20210204_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA20210204-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_(47974872533)_Nova_C_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29_Nova_C_Crop.jpg/180px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29_Nova_C_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29_Nova_C_Crop.jpg/270px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29_Nova_C_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29_Nova_C_Crop.jpg/360px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29_Nova_C_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption>Nova-C lander model, on display in May 2019 at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland</figcaption></figure> <p>The next (seventh, not counting the OrbitBeyond contract) CLPS contract was awarded by NASA on November 17, 2021 to Intuitive Machines, their 3rd award. Their Nova-C lander was contracted to land four NASA payloads (about 92 kg in total) to study a lunar feature called <a href="/wiki/Reiner_Gamma" title="Reiner Gamma">Reiner Gamma</a>. The mission was known as IM-3 mission and was planned to land on the Moon in 2024. The contract value was $77.5 million and under the contract, Intuitive Machines was responsible for end-to-end delivery services, including payload integration, delivery from Earth to the surface of the Moon, and payload operations.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA17NOV2021_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA17NOV2021-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 21, 2022, NASA announced that it had awarded a CLPS contract (8th, not counting OrbitBeyond) worth $73 million to a team led by the company Draper. The mission targeted Schrödinger Basin on the farside of the Moon, planned for 2025. The mission lander, called SERIES-2 by Draper, would deliver to Schrödinger Basin three experiments to collect seismic data, measure the heat flow and electrical conductivity of the lunar subsurface and measure electromagnetic phenomena created by the interaction of the solar wind and plasma with the lunar surface. This mission would be the first CLPS mission to target the lunar far side, and aims to be the second landing (after China's <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang'e-4">Chang'e-4</a>) to the Moon's far side. The mission would also develop and deploy two data relay satellites, a must for missions in the lunar far side. Many companies are involved in the mission with Draper being the prime contractor, including <a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drapercontract_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drapercontract-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 29, 2023, ispace announced that the SERIES-2 lander had been comprehensively redesigned and renamed as APEX 1.0, causing the mission to be delayed to 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20230929_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20230929-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems" title="Masten Space Systems">Masten Space Systems</a> filed for bankruptcy in July 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-MastenBankrupt1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MastenBankrupt1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with nearly all their assets sold to <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MastenBankrupt2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MastenBankrupt2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the cancellation of Masten's CLPS mission. </p><p>On March 14, 2023, NASA awarded Firefly a $112 million task order (8th CLPS contract, not counting OrbitBeyond or Masten Space Systems) for a mission to the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a> using the second <i>Blue Ghost</i> lander, expected to launch in 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon_South_Pole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Moon_South_Pole.jpg/220px-Moon_South_Pole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Moon_South_Pole.jpg/330px-Moon_South_Pole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Moon_South_Pole.jpg/440px-Moon_South_Pole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7943" data-file-height="7943" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">lunar south pole</a> region is of special interest because of the occurrence of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_water" title="Lunar water">water ice</a> in <a href="/wiki/Crater_of_eternal_darkness" class="mw-redirect" title="Crater of eternal darkness">permanently shadowed areas</a> inside craters, near constant solar power at the crater rims, and abundant metals and oxygen in the regolith.<sup id="cite_ref-Hugo_2019_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hugo_2019-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The competitive nature of the CLPS program is expected to reduce the cost of lunar exploration, accelerate a robotic return to the Moon, <a href="/wiki/Sample_return" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample return">sample return</a>, resource prospecting in the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">south polar region</a>, and promote innovation and growth of related commercial industries.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAMay2018_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAMay2018-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The payload development program is called Development and Advancement of Lunar Instrumentation (DALI), and the payload goals are exploration, <i>in situ</i> resource utilization (<a href="/wiki/ISRU" class="mw-redirect" title="ISRU">ISRU</a>), and lunar science. The first instruments were expected to be selected by summer 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the flight opportunities were expected to start in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAMay2018_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAMay2018-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multiple contracts will be issued, and the early payloads will likely be small because of the limited capacity of the initial commercial landers.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark010618_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark010618-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first landers and rovers will be <a href="/wiki/Technology_demonstration" title="Technology demonstration">technology demonstrators</a> on hardware such as precision landing/hazard avoidance, power generation (<a href="/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft" title="Solar panels on spacecraft">solar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope thermoelectric generator">RTGs</a>), <i>in situ</i> resource utilization (<a href="/wiki/ISRU" class="mw-redirect" title="ISRU">ISRU</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cryogenics" title="Cryogenics">cryogenic</a> fluid management, <a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">autonomous operations and sensing</a>, and advanced <a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">avionics</a>, mobility, mechanisms, and <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">materials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This program requires that only US <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a> can launch the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mass of the landers and rovers can range from miniature to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb),<sup id="cite_ref-Werner2018_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werner2018-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a 500 kg (1,100 lb) lander targeted to launch in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAMay2018_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAMay2018-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Draft Request for Proposal's covering letter states that the contracts will last up to 10 years. As NASA's need to send payloads to the lunar surface (and other cislunar destinations) arises, it will issue Firm-Fixed Price 'task orders' on which the approved prime contractors can bid. A Scope Of Work will be issued with each task order. The CLPS proposals are being evaluated against five Technical Accessibility Standards.<sup id="cite_ref-Draft_sol_20180427_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draft_sol_20180427-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NASA is assuming a cost of one million dollars per kilogram delivered to the lunar surface. (This figure may be revised after a lunar landing when the actual costs are available.)<sup id="cite_ref-Aspects_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aspects-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contractors">Contractors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Contractors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_(47974859117).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974859117%29.jpg/220px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974859117%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974859117%29.jpg/330px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974859117%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974859117%29.jpg/440px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974859117%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Astrobotic <i><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine</a></i></figcaption></figure><p>The companies selected are considered "main contractors" that can sub-contract projects to other companies of their choice. The first companies granted the right to bid on CLPS contracts were chosen in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-CLPS_win_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CLPS_win-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sol_20180907_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sol_20180907-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 21, 2019, three companies were awarded lander contracts: <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a>, <a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 29, 2019, NASA announced that it had granted OrbitBeyond's request to be released from this specific contract, citing "internal corporate challenges."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 18, 2019, NASA added five new contractors to the group of companies who are eligible to bid to send large payloads to the surface of the Moon with the CLPS program.<sup id="cite_ref-5companies-verge_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5companies-verge-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 8, 2020, NASA selected <a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems" title="Masten Space Systems">Masten Space Systems</a> for a mission to deliver and operate eight payloads – with nine science and technology instruments – to the Moon's South Pole in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Masten Space Systems filed for bankruptcy in July 2022;<sup id="cite_ref-MastenBankrupt1_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MastenBankrupt1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MastenBankrupt2_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MastenBankrupt2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this led to the cancellation of Masten's CLPS mission. </p><p>On February 4, 2021, NASA awarded a CLPS contract to <a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a> for a mission to deliver a suite of 10 science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA20210204_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA20210204-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 21, 2022, NASA announced that it had awarded a CLPS contract to Draper Laboratories.<sup id="cite_ref-drapercontract_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drapercontract-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 29, 2024 NASA announced that it awarded another CLPS task order to Intuitive Machines. The six payloads include four from NASA, one from the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> and one from the <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Atmospheric_and_Space_Physics" title="Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics">Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics</a> at the University of Colorado Boulder.<sup id="cite_ref-SN-CP-22_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-CP-22-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Eligible contractors and contract awards </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Selection date</th> <th>Company</th> <th>Headquarters</th> <th>Proposed services</th> <th>First awarded contract </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">November 29, 2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a></td> <td>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Peregrine_lander" title="Astrobotic Technology"><i>Peregrine</i></a> and Griffin landers</td> <td>May 31, 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Systems" title="Deep Space Systems">Deep Space Systems</a></td> <td>Littleton, Colorado</td> <td>Rover; design and development services</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory" title="Draper Laboratory">Draper Laboratory</a></td> <td>Cambridge, Massachusetts</td> <td>originally proposed <i>Artemis-7</i> lander; contract awarded for <i>SERIES-2</i> lander, to be built by <a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">iSpace</a></td> <td>July 21, 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></td> <td>Cedar Park, Texas</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Lunar_landers" title="Firefly Aerospace"><i>Blue Ghost</i></a> lander<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>February 4, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a></td> <td>Houston, Texas</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Nova-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a></i> lander</td> <td>May 31, 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Space" title="Lockheed Martin Space">Lockheed Martin Space</a></td> <td>Littleton, Colorado</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless Lunar Lander</a></i></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems" title="Masten Space Systems">Masten Space Systems</a></td> <td>Mojave, California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems"><i>XL-1</i></a> lander</td> <td>April 8, 2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moon_Express" title="Moon Express">Moon Express</a></td> <td>Cape Canaveral, Florida</td> <td><i>MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9</i> landers; sample return.</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></td> <td>Edison, New Jersey</td> <td><i>Z-01</i> and <i>Z-02</i> landers</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">November 18, 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></td> <td>Kent, Washington</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a> lander</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceres_Robotics" title="Ceres Robotics">Ceres Robotics</a></td> <td>Palo Alto, California</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></td> <td>Louisville, Colorado</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></td> <td>Hawthorne, California</td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyvak_Nano-Satellite_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems">Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems</a></td> <td>Irvine, California</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> Notes: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style></p><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Contract awarded 31 May 2019 and withdrawn 29 July 2019</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Payload_selection">Payload selection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Payload selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The CLPS contracts for landers and lander missions do not include the payloads themselves. The payloads are developed under separate contracts either at NASA facilities or in commercial facilities. The CLPS landers provide landing, support services, and sample return as specified in each individual contract. </p><p>The first batch of science payloads are being developed in NASA facilities, due to the short time available before the first planned flights. Subsequent selections include payloads provided by universities and industry. Calls for payloads are planned to be released each year for additional opportunities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_Discovery_and_Exploration_Program">Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Discovery_and_Exploration_Program" title="Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program">Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program</a> (LDEP) within the NASA <a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a> establishes contracts for the CLPS program and selects lunar science instruments that will use CLPS services.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-ldep_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-ldep-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CLPS Lunar Instrument Development process includes NASA Provided Lunar Payloads (NPLP), Lunar Surface Instrument and Technology Payloads (LSITP), Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM), Development and Advancement of Lunar Instrumentation (DALI), Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) Instruments and Artemis Surface Instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-lidp_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-lidp-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> LDEP aspires to conduct at least two CLPS missions per year.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Delivery missions for these payloads were solicited in batches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_batch">First batch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First batch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first twelve NASA payloads and experiments were announced on February 21, 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and will fly on separate missions. As of February 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> NASA has awarded contracts for four CLPS lander missions to support these payloads. </p> <ul><li>Linear Energy Transfer Spectrometer, to monitor the lunar surface radiation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">Magnetometer</a>, to measure the surface magnetic field.</li> <li>Low-frequency Radio Observations from the Near Side Lunar Surface, a radio experiment to measure photoelectron sheath density near the surface.</li> <li>A set of three instruments to collect data during entry, descent and landing on the lunar surface to help develop future crewed landers.</li> <li>Stereo Cameras for Lunar Plume-Surface Studies is a set of cameras for monitoring the interaction between the lander engine plume and the lunar surface.</li> <li>Surface and Exosphere Alterations by Landers, another landing monitor to study the effects of spacecraft on the lunar exosphere.</li> <li>Navigation Doppler Lidar for Precise Velocity and Range Sensing is a velocity and ranging <a href="/wiki/Lidar" title="Lidar">lidar</a> instrument designed to make lunar landings more precise.</li> <li>Near-Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System, is an imaging <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometer</a> to analyze the composition of the lunar surface.</li> <li>Neutron Spectrometer System and Advanced Neutron Measurements at the Lunar Surface, are a pair of neutron detectors to quantify the hydrogen –and therefore water near the surface.</li> <li>Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometer for Lunar Surface Volatiles, is a <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass spectrometer">mass spectrometer</a> for measuring volatiles on the surface and in the exosphere.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intuitive_Machines_IM-1_Lunar_Node-1_(LN-1)_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Intuitive_Machines_IM-1_Lunar_Node-1_%28LN-1%29_crop.jpg/170px-Intuitive_Machines_IM-1_Lunar_Node-1_%28LN-1%29_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Intuitive_Machines_IM-1_Lunar_Node-1_%28LN-1%29_crop.jpg/255px-Intuitive_Machines_IM-1_Lunar_Node-1_%28LN-1%29_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Intuitive_Machines_IM-1_Lunar_Node-1_%28LN-1%29_crop.jpg/340px-Intuitive_Machines_IM-1_Lunar_Node-1_%28LN-1%29_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Lunar Node-1 instrument of IM-1 Odysseus Lunar lander (February 2024)</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Solar Cell Demonstration Platform for Enabling Long-Term Lunar Surface Power, a next-generation <a href="/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft" title="Solar panels on spacecraft">solar array</a> for long-term missions.</li> <li>Lunar Node 1 Navigation Demonstrator, a navigation beacon for providing geolocation for orbiters and landing craft.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_batch">Second batch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second batch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 1, 2019, NASA announced the selection of twelve additional payloads, provided by universities and industry. Seven of these are scientific investigations while five are technology demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MoonRanger" class="mw-redirect" title="MoonRanger">MoonRanger</a>, a small, fast-moving rover that has the capability to drive beyond communications range with a lander and then return to it. To be made by Astrobotic Technology, Incorporated, it was to be launched aboard the canceled <a href="/wiki/Masten_Mission_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Masten Mission One">Masten Mission One</a>.</li> <li>Heimdall, a camera system with flight heritage on MSL, OSIRIS-REx and GOSAT-2, including four CMOS cameras and a DVR. Designed and built by <a href="/wiki/Malin_Space_Science_Systems" title="Malin Space Science Systems">MSSS</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Planetary_Science_Institute" title="Planetary Science Institute">Planetary Science Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selected through LSITP.</li> <li>Lunar Demonstration of a Reconfigurable, Radiation Tolerant Computer System, which will demonstrate a radiation-tolerant computing technology. Montana State University.</li> <li>Regolith Adherence Characterization (RAC) Payload, which will determine how lunar regolith sticks to a range of materials exposed to the Moon's environment. Alpha Space Test and Research Alliance, LLC.</li> <li>The Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder, which will characterize the structure and composition of the Moon's mantle by studying electric and magnetic fields. Southwest Research Institute. Currently part of the Lunar Interior Temperature and Materials Suite planned for launch in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20210610_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20210610-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planned for flight aboard <a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace">Blue Ghost</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Surface_Electromagnetics_Experiment" title="Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment">Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment</a> (LuSEE), which will make comprehensive measurements of electromagnetic phenomena on the surface of the Moon. University of California, Berkeley.</li> <li>The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager (LEXI), which will capture images of the interaction of Earth's magnetosphere with solar wind. Boston University.</li> <li>Next Generation Lunar Retroreflectors (NGLR), which will serve as a target for lasers on Earth to precisely measure the Earth-Moon distance. University of Maryland.</li> <li>Lunar Compact InfraRed Imaging System (L-CIRiS), an infrared radiometer to explore the Moon's surface composition and temperature distribution. Built for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">University of Colorado</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball Aerospace">Ball Aerospace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selected through LDEP.</li> <li>The Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity (LISTER), an instrument designed to measure heat flow from the interior of the Moon. Texas Tech University. Currently part of the Lunar Interior Temperature and Materials Suite planned for launch in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20210610_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20210610-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>PlanetVac, a technology for acquiring and transferring lunar regolith from the surface to other instruments or place it in a container for its potential return to Earth. <a href="/wiki/Honeybee_Robotics" title="Honeybee Robotics">Honeybee Robotics</a>, Ltd; development sponsored by <a href="/wiki/The_Planetary_Society" title="The Planetary Society">The Planetary Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>SAMPLR: Sample Acquisition, Morphology Filtering, and Probing of Lunar Regolith, a sample acquisition technology that will make use of a robotic arm. Maxar Technologies.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_batch">Third batch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Third batch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reiner-gamma-clem1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Reiner-gamma-clem1.jpg/310px-Reiner-gamma-clem1.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Reiner-gamma-clem1.jpg/465px-Reiner-gamma-clem1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Reiner-gamma-clem1.jpg/620px-Reiner-gamma-clem1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>The lunar swirl known as Reiner Gamma (60 km width), seen at 750 nm by the Clementine spacecraft (July 2011)</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 2021, NASA announced the selection of three payloads from its Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM) call for proposals. These payloads will be sent to <a href="/wiki/Reiner_Gamma" title="Reiner Gamma">Reiner Gamma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_(crater)" title="Schrödinger (crater)">Schrödinger Basin</a> in the 2023–2024 timeframe.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20210610_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20210610-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Vertex" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Vertex">Lunar Vertex</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-lunar-vertex-website_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunar-vertex-website-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a joint lander and rover payload suite slated for delivery to Reiner Gamma to investigate <a href="/wiki/Lunar_swirls" title="Lunar swirls">lunar swirls</a>. Applied Physics Laboratory.</li> <li>Farside Seismic Suite (FSS): two seismometers, the vertical Very Broadband seismometer and the Short Period sensor, will measure seismic activity on the far side of the Moon at Schrödinger Basin. Jet Propulsion Laboratory.</li> <li>Lunar Interior Temperature and Materials Suite (LITMS): two instruments, the Lunar Instrumentation for Subsurface Thermal Exploration with Rapidity pneumatic drill and the Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder, previously selected in the second batch and slated for delivery to Schrödinger Basin. Will complement data acquired by the FSS. Southwest Research Institute.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gruithuisen_Domes-_A_Lunar_Mystery_(LROC1133_-_content_GruithuisenDomes_label).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gruithuisen_Domes-_A_Lunar_Mystery_%28LROC1133_-_content_GruithuisenDomes_label%29.png/310px-Gruithuisen_Domes-_A_Lunar_Mystery_%28LROC1133_-_content_GruithuisenDomes_label%29.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gruithuisen_Domes-_A_Lunar_Mystery_%28LROC1133_-_content_GruithuisenDomes_label%29.png/465px-Gruithuisen_Domes-_A_Lunar_Mystery_%28LROC1133_-_content_GruithuisenDomes_label%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Gruithuisen_Domes-_A_Lunar_Mystery_%28LROC1133_-_content_GruithuisenDomes_label%29.png/620px-Gruithuisen_Domes-_A_Lunar_Mystery_%28LROC1133_-_content_GruithuisenDomes_label%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="939" /></a><figcaption>Gruithuisen Domes: the Gamma and Delta domes are separated by a relatively flat basaltic plain (2021)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_batch">Fourth batch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fourth batch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2022, NASA announced the selection of two new payloads from its Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon (PRISM) call for proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20220602_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20220602-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lunar Vulkan Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer (Lunar-VISE)<sup id="cite_ref-lunar-vise-website_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lunar-vise-website-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> investigation is a suite of five instruments, two of which will be mounted on a stationary lander and three mounted on a mobile rover to be provided as a service by the CLPS vendor. Lunar-VISE will study a rare form of lunar volcanism. Lunar-VISE will be sent to one of the Gruithuisen Domes: <a href="/wiki/Mons_Gruithuisen_Gamma" title="Mons Gruithuisen Gamma">Mons Gruithuisen Gamma</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mons_Gruithuisen_Delta" title="Mons Gruithuisen Delta">Mons Gruithuisen Delta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20220602_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20220602-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lunar Explorer Instrument for space biology Applications (LEIA) science suite, is a small CubeSat-based device. LEIA will provide biological research on the Moon – which cannot be simulated or replicated with high fidelity on the Earth or International Space Station – by delivering the yeast <a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a> to the lunar surface and studying its response to radiation and lunar gravity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a model organism used to understand DNA damage response and repair.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20220602_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20220602-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_missions_announced_under_CLPS">List of missions announced under CLPS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of missions announced under CLPS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_missions" title="List of Artemis missions">List of Artemis missions</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missions_contracted">Missions contracted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Missions contracted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orbit Beyond returned their task order (cancelling their mission) two months after award in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-AB-VIPER_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-VIPER-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That mission is not listed below. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media 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<tbody><tr> <th>No </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Launch </th> <th>Contractor </th> <th>Lander </th> <th>Launch Vehicle </th> <th>Awarded </th> <th>Lunar<br />Destination </th> <th>Notes </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <th>CLPS-1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One"><i>Peregrine</i> Mission One</a> </td> <td>8 January 2024<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrine (spacecraft)"><i>Peregrine</i></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcan (rocket)">Vulcan</a> </td> <td>May 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mons_Gruithuisen_Gamma" title="Mons Gruithuisen Gamma">Gruithuisen Domes</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5 CLPS payloads.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Propellant leak prevented landing attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-failure">Failure </td></tr> <tr> <th>CLPS-2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1 <i>Odysseus</i></a> </td> <td>15 February 2024<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C" title="Intuitive Machines Nova-C">Nova-C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> </td> <td>May 2019<sup id="cite_ref-AB-VIPER_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AB-VIPER-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Near <a href="/wiki/Malapert_(crater)" title="Malapert (crater)"><span class="nowrap">Malapert-A</span></a> crater.<sup id="cite_ref-IMpage_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMpage-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 CLPS payloads.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First successful CLPS landing.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <th>TO 19D<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Blue Ghost M1</a></i> </td> <td>January 2025<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace"><i>Blue Ghost</i></a> </td> <td>Falcon 9<br /><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>February 2021<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mare_Crisium" title="Mare Crisium">Mare Crisium</a> </td> <td>10 payloads.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th>CLPS-3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2 <i>Athena</i></a> </td> <td>January 2025<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20240912-im2_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20240912-im2-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> </td> <td>October 2020<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">South Pole</a> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/PRIME-1" title="PRIME-1">PRIME-1</a> payload will collect and analyze sub-surface ice. </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Griffin_Mission_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffin Mission 1">Griffin Mission 1</a> </td> <td>September 2025<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Griffin_Mission_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffin Mission 1">Griffin Mission 1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> </td> <td>June 2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nobile_(crater)" title="Nobile (crater)">Nobile Crater</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td>Intuitive Machines Mission 3 (<a href="/wiki/IM-3" class="mw-redirect" title="IM-3">IM-3</a>) </td> <td>October 2025<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20240813_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20240813-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> </td> <td>November 2021<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA17NOV2021_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA17NOV2021-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reiner_Gamma" title="Reiner Gamma">Reiner Gamma</a> </td> <td>Will carry payloads including the <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> provided <a href="/wiki/MoonLIGHT" title="MoonLIGHT">MoonLIGHT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-prism-amend68_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prism-amend68-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th>CLPS-12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace</a> - Mission 3<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2026<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20230929_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20230929-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory" title="Draper Laboratory">Draper Laboratory</a> </td> <td>APEX 1.0 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>July 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_(crater)" title="Schrödinger (crater)">Schrödinger Basin</a> </td> <td>Will carry <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Surface_Electromagnetics_Experiment" title="Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment">LuSEE-Lite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-prism-amend68_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prism-amend68-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th>CS-3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost"><i>Blue Ghost</i> M2</a> </td> <td>2026 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Blue_Ghost_lunar_lander" title="Firefly Aerospace"><i>Blue Ghost</i></a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>March 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">Far side of the Moon</a> </td> <td>Will deliver a <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Mission_Support_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Mission Support Services">CLMSS</a> payload to lunar orbit; <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Surface_Electromagnetics_Experiment" title="Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment">LuSEE-Night</a> to the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th>CP-22<sup id="cite_ref-SN-CP-22_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-CP-22-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a> Mission 4 </td> <td>Q4 2025 – Q1 2026 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">South Pole</a> </td> <td>ESA's Package for Resource Observation and in-Situ Prospecting for Exploration, Commercial exploitation, and Transportation (PROSPECT) payload will fly on this mission.<sup id="cite_ref-prism-amend34_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prism-amend34-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missions_announced_but_not_yet_contracted">Missions announced but not yet contracted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Missions announced but not yet contracted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Launch </th> <th>Contractor </th> <th>Lander </th> <th>Launch Vehicle </th> <th>Awarded </th> <th>Lunar<br />Destination </th> <th>Notes </th> <th>Outcome </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>2027 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ina_(crater)" title="Ina (crater)"> Ina volcanic crater</a> </td> <td>The DIMPLE payload, short for Dating an Irregular Mare Patch with a Lunar Explorer, will fly on a future CLPS provider's mission. DIMPLE will investigate the Ina irregular mare patch.<sup id="cite_ref-prism-3_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prism-3-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancelled_missions">Cancelled missions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cancelled missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Launch </th> <th>Contractor </th> <th>Lander </th> <th>Launch Vehicle </th> <th>Awarded </th> <th>Lunar<br />Destination </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td>Masten Mission One </td> <td>Intended: November 2023 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems" title="Masten Space Systems">Masten Space</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/XL-1" class="mw-redirect" title="XL-1">XL-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a><br /><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>April 2020<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">South Pole</a> </td> <td>Intended to deliver several hundreds of kilograms of payload to the lunar surface.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Masten Space filed for bankruptcy in July 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-MastenBankrupt1_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MastenBankrupt1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with nearly all of their assets sold to <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MastenBankrupt2_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MastenBankrupt2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a> – Former NASA program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_CATALYST" title="Lunar CATALYST">Lunar CATALYST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a> – Lunar orbital space station under development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_water" title="Lunar water">Lunar water</a> – Presence of water on the Moon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewSpace" class="mw-redirect" title="NewSpace">NewSpace</a> – Spaceflight technology development not paid for by a government agency<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">Commercial Resupply Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Lunar_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Lunar Time">Coordinated Lunar Time</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2024</span>. <q>NASA said Griffin was now expected to be ready for the mission no earlier than September 2025.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=NASA+cancels+VIPER+lunar+rover&rft.date=2024-07-17&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fnasa-cancels-viper-lunar-rover%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommercial+Lunar+Payload+Services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sn-20240813-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sn-20240813_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2024" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (August 13, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-seeks-to-take-over-nasas-viper-lunar-rover/">"Intuitive Machines seeks to take over NASA's VIPER lunar rover"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SpaceNews" title="SpaceNews">SpaceNews</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Masten+Space+Systems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masten.aero%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommercial+Lunar+Payload+Services" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imgur.com/a/Yws6sKj">imgur.com</a> Slides from the Industrial Day on May 8, 2018</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:NASA" title="Category:NASA"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NASA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:NASA"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artemis_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Artemis_program" title="Template:Artemis program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Artemis_program" title="Template talk:Artemis program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Artemis_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Artemis program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artemis_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_missions" title="List of Artemis missions">List of missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Artemis astronauts">astronauts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">Exploration Ground Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">Gateway Logistics Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One"><i>Peregrine</i> Mission One</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost"><i>Blue Ghost</i> M1</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> (2030)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_program_(original_with_wordmark).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Emblem of the Artemis program" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/80px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/120px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/160px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Space_Agency" title="Australian Space Agency">Australian Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine" title="State Space Agency of Ukraine">State Space Agency of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">Korea Aerospace Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Space_Agency" title="New Zealand Space Agency">New Zealand Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">Brazilian Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Space_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Space Commission">Saudi Space Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral Space Force Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC-37B" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-37B">SLC-37B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC-40" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-40">SLC-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC-41" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-41">SLC-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC-46" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-46">SLC-46</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LC-39A" class="mw-redirect" title="LC-39A">LC-39A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC-39B" class="mw-redirect" title="LC-39B">LC-39B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_South_Texas_launch_site" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX South Texas launch site">SpaceX Starbase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC-3E" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-3E">SLC-3E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC-4E" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-4E">SLC-4E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Landing_System" title="Human Landing System">Human Landing System</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)"> Blue Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Robotic spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C" title="Intuitive Machines Nova-C">Nova-C</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrine (spacecraft)">Peregrine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)"><i>VIPER</i> rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Artemis_program" title="Category:Artemis program">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> Orbiter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (service module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1</a> (relay satellite at <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#L2" title="Lagrange point">L<sub>2</sub></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> (propulsion module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">(Chandrayaan-3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a></i> (2030)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">Artemis VI</a></i> (2031)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VII">Artemis VII</a></i> (2032)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VIII">Artemis VIII</a></i> (2033)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">Luna 29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">Luna 30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">Luna 31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Chandrayaan-5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R M2</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_human_spaceflight_programs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Template:US human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Template talk:US human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_human_spaceflight_programs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight_programs" title="Human spaceflight programs">human spaceflight programs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_program" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station program">International Space Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:S66-63536.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/S66-63536.jpg/130px-S66-63536.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/S66-63536.jpg/195px-S66-63536.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/S66-63536.jpg/260px-S66-63536.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6856" data-file-height="4741" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Applications_Program" title="Apollo Applications Program">Apollo Applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle-<i>Mir</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canceled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar" title="Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar">Dyna-Soar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HL-20_Personnel_Launch_System" title="HL-20 Personnel Launch System">HL-20 Personnel Launch System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_in_Space_Soonest" title="Man in Space Soonest">Man in Space Soonest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">Manned Orbiting Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(rocket)" title="Nova (rocket)">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Space_Plane_Program" title="Orbital Space Plane Program">Orbital Space Plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Orion_(nuclear_propulsion)" title="Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)">Orion (nuclear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_X-30" 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