CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9150f14e196ef8fa',cH: 'vvpIR2Wuz.1bl6RRhGNax4WYFoKCCAxxp.9czmTQ_fk-1740080155-1.2.1.1-3BG0prgQ1yPkip4PbPcttgQMzTXbz.8Z9gCY.ef2GOWZlpCZQ.WB2kW8r168nxLh',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=rock%20strength&__cf_chl_tk=wghI7nbAGKMX7GCngWzLoiwFgAA1SMZ.8IJHikHWOeE-1740080155-1.0.1.1-Ik.dPk3fUcyA3QB93KfSoYNTrzRn0L2rX3e2.5.wovc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740080155',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=rock%20strength&__cf_chl_f_tk=wghI7nbAGKMX7GCngWzLoiwFgAA1SMZ.8IJHikHWOeE-1740080155-1.0.1.1-Ik.dPk3fUcyA3QB93KfSoYNTrzRn0L2rX3e2.5.wovc",md: "kZLqjxVbnuvzTLi0WhdTcZW3FbAQF1NCcfZctHp6Rqo-1740080155-1.2.1.1-GS8vZPO2yy5EnS29TdQZ9VxxvLQYdvpqYwuAxTt3k1EOUlyxgAOjouga4uHcto3ZT.WZrgTmeTDLDVW68sP96BBifl7H51XOF4aSMIxOxOg4inMnx2Hlr8QDaEzWo.0.nSlxnetsjfdSi6BHyTtJatgCaN5MrrFzr6woDuy3oC4tfj3sk.R9r8asq8MBtyfZsrFgE4t09ys9Lh3YGyH40nv3Dw4iQ5sXOVnNzJo98uHJSQcR91FsWN.PaB5dnlM5lZUZWGqhbBWUKFJoWPvhYNYU_SEDXRpSfPUS2v2RSFZOzJ1t1ab1sh1Ih_DRAB8MBvgXtT0859.aqluT5tlgjK1xWYfYubELh7O8m2GjflR4UEAuPjxB_ymvJAxTTJGz2yPsyXnbaApx3lrfg7fFevwpb9cRAgSyMvvJz2hozT8ateOPc_tLlz7lqKjdOoyjqTN33uTyvA9zTnYtN.vlm4A_xc1kKLtvlikpU3vsfAcoATA9KggUPDC2UwAoC2.w1PQ.8FINuEj5C9trhJNYzN1LLCbC7A7c6DBgpcu_Q7tGfoREgHVG7NRM.YK6Nt_TtPyqME73WaPwRFSwLvRgfLwEDPn6vTEMU7SyUKzmA7LP.DFq_ESx02fQ8achD1HpIzXu3soYXpJ5AW9x1an2qKKwppqPDVr3u.Wu8QDat9B1LzL.YjTq8bpsWku_fCVIZ0S5vHFxXqsy3GgE4O36BnrxEjIqruMSOOfJmE1cQPdFfP8oDlRf7S89FbJyjFNYbNL1pKX4xWdthSbaNsUx2plo9Hq1Oq6ITW0JfBAXMMA1H75FMAF_CvGrtkfrA113snSfdHzNryvz_lJq0fcUQC9.n1XeVK8f3hjm_QvXEPry5L8CGfM1veJH4u3qwOGPrBdoOxrYCWT.ByGMy0D4eWrCxykt1.qsnmMRwOcimphEJ5wVgdHJXK2fx8VN2Mjvn57Ofp9R7FjJ9BuPhJzld8avxEXE0SfmqbpeoMPoB6hxtG1YjdekL35IQmMF6TC9MviCIFeRQZNyJBVO2x0Kff2.j2hXYtbwWAbgy0o2WzbE1QMY0XW8tYx21qsl6x9NFmFHUjZXlRD91N4Ve5dNaSiIUAA.VoqENUrNEtcT0WofZ.wt8bXrEzkniFiApBB5wZmhYIDioBQD.FU11dnMJIvXka8X_6BJLpHN7lCzF64EkNEnn8aooZCsb7rOndaqAe8p_HzxRCn49kPAOAnAJuHEiTgPde0NWTWCM0Ajts4QAsDjpC9iUVI8IWpq18wy4qT0EHflt.EOVou630f0eExqk6Uf5kCsqjTo9AI6mzkcxUVbBHbAGyBGaCHkVV10EammIrYiOFeTLas3CNj_PWZiGr6sVP.GkyZXXmCRLsKpoICVfeNSwxvqvCumKY7wloF7Le_yVlBIgxvRRBWlCx7OIgeJwQuQ2qs4M9Blq0qaZFoQy_21qZ1_3hvDMMqPqPncOElyzyYEyumh2gNPiwjLSHAhJfCuuIJXxbKHF0ZDJZpRgblRbpttHoF4JZwkSoUUso6YnbORvMJv4yi7RxQn2InFcSkATAYfM.OiDhczzM40KWRDQoXoA.t95EoNrrMVFDwTjV80k7tT1BzUsCcP63v9YANGRkmRu6Rn.LpS3t7RagOdE0pUgetPFmDmcFg5IzqCgFPkUuzjKTuPzJGlihKCuUxTPoAG8jVETe8mad6w_thElUiPNSAEjlWXdOPjreRliFgHApwr4gfGpxLL.Jh6zRXXvatthzEf4tFFJdgGmHitWeL1TKcek3jk6ATlMR18E1kWU2YyI.BnAYt8bX9N94alclxSE1qzT._ObGN8hMBAhEJGFsK4m4A_Sl7Ysdf9ygMSvCwHu0BDq.fXQc98qvtKIyPUCfT3d8rN1UFveAsNyPw7T4tle8_dk_A4an4kX2P6J2NeJXgTjvZDtQo_YCAd4ygAdCS4mVk",mdrd: "KQUK.qWaYADq3rzLzuav14cl0prKamPvh21GJHO3uXg-1740080155-1.2.1.1-xhr8vZU7HvZbpBsXF3dgm7SW6Lc0csPLP_lg53B8wtHxUXnwFvh76BoFwg1Wvb0UgVhJU4VHjj1R3HhXbdPE76gLJUGHXvm44kjmEWlityw.bwdYMgHI9AmUUj3HNO3WpZHXmsHnrjEwBfJoubv.KsMUOpM68oMUTgduHVGiaWoLkI1L0LipHnr6vRxvp3_AeUyiCuT3gmGVkLIVjAbK0egdsVi7aALPq7HH2a5bMqKlNyj7v0K8fwC0_TJN3XPYb3FUiBVKOvr2Rpw7u8zv_0G.lzHKqseFJ2BuImxF8q9NFIFFyaAvtcGIBjluqsfL.f5YO4u.7EBgEnuo_RMNEMNqO6eaDdnzYuMbtGOC4Fd5G8DjQ6YbQPfcZvO_QBW3fzPB_XPPe7LXXTV24yvRhJ.F_9X16G9ha41tlVUPl0cvxORkc2LUBcAYMXzw_87fVujy0SVKx3GhORcqFwwBMcUtocJZqdwg7Vr5fNuKz_0S3FGdyuWkCITDJpExVomKuVeSzepJ2LfeZQW9yHm.qe4vRo706DjAiY.0G0zUrh9Mv0JQYuX1BX8jPQsK85HQwycvaCqnknPug0ImxK_FL8gMk1dm_5tshnFJz_qLEUQxZ9Rpok5_3pQo9yYkxJXXv38tKBHQPpZ7LI09WzzjvAtUmEaAIQTgnkrNQmBAb6M.39Oq6hzEJMVUK_ltM5XqP3YYVwBopRFbGgSWLUUxTXKuRx.Dc7esng9g2NBw9p9gzjMrA8xFyuTTZUCEA9Ac9Hr0wgxr7HucCtwWJjG4AbRhNmBrI.3PrJAvknnKgp_btCo.VW3qmub9xBAW49AA06btHA_XSIhJB1dtYiXKdVdTnG9jLpDBltqw8LvAV4oHwrzZ3uYLVojEdglaiBCCOk9XLfjWUK50JqlwuM_90U.hoEzYx7CV.YaJM0sJ0bBX_Hx5WxijlZOCAOtpxT3NkiTsr30V9ihIg4g6AXvSH10n5ypE3kDSOP2gAUAo2ChZgd9Yfr3z8lJiMWvlmvLWnIxbtvKAT6NNmqVKOzNYqpVJVl_JVVKIZ0BtdcDcOK7v.3LB7Ogxvhh.6sHz_fsIxLfXn1bireVBql0L9kLFwgbul5mVoYMFPiV8WxJHPMLKFxg0bJdqy8XkiE3wDmzzi4lEOFcJXbz1yLvkUWwhE899kSIpMM5BvWkvB7Do4H.kXSugkVTan1qiDtbw5eYT4.Krf3w7rg0NNJb4C_5xtCrW__zETRVzX_HV.RiREah7T8QfUy.r473WQ9xQIQxQTCTCLqRikSoO9YfWedkzLmYxcnOHRZu4vZSJWLXu2mNn7mM0eRzCd94bdODN3SqeUhaBMR5Nqtm.PIUk_iNSQDHQPjBIqg1d6a7rF9eOzptpX4DE9Qa.qORmt36QtHn.2f2Ba0gBjAgvzq85QMp_aX5wbXOB6py0mfhrsVD3i5HYyvhTlzEK_J5mrVrVoR7gfNOAKegBiQhEkuN3lpoWd39zPWnBBIZ4asPT_RLN6zAZkapG1zEpJpPR3wBgu3ioNvXUrqJm_aMKfE_BdKpYG7uCbG5NccKlrssfTYGaq1R7jqWgfrs2d.w5PgzAYdxuFYbi0HA2pQngVcWAQy7hgEbw1OzIypTP1DJSX8jmI0HNlW3FqPUrZO03baaOhtF3_CDfIn37PFCsjVWzefDSbdw1EfLp4VkoEaiyt4QmoC_SVFmFNM8M9N577mlvSb6K8JTIpPL.OaVj_sn_ZX5gYZguxziFpgexOQUC5q6V.euT1ay6JIosUizbe.urYeBWgOjaM_Q8.otMhUfuYZTmMlv0An9zTVojzZ3reXAXu8a0QSQ0bY5y6kmasUAFjXzcnIT.c7jGuKOlq5z6bMeVOCL4qFAYnJ0JbK9DpjjbY7AY9X0rzJBAH_OP11zHC4nwGCRJ9EICNubSEj0.qReLkWDCNT9unPqkbaXYRhinw_DQs3tPhAVJ4EEs3xgHLcSPtgYz0LMdJgEXMIe20VvNtw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9150f14e196ef8fa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=rock%20strength&__cf_chl_rt_tk=wghI7nbAGKMX7GCngWzLoiwFgAA1SMZ.8IJHikHWOeE-1740080155-1.0.1.1-Ik.dPk3fUcyA3QB93KfSoYNTrzRn0L2rX3e2.5.wovc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>