CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"46ae9ce1-c8ec-441e-b6cd-5462213fcf83","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights","wgTitle":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","wgCurRevisionId":1239609890,"wgRevisionId":1239609890,"wgArticleId":98677,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2020","Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing Latin-language text", "Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2019","Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2022","Articles to be expanded from June 2010","All articles to be expanded","Human rights instruments","United Nations treaties","Treaties concluded in 1966","Treaties entered into force in 1976","Treaties of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan","Treaties of Albania","Treaties of Algeria","Treaties of Andorra","Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola","Treaties of Argentina","Treaties of Armenia","Treaties of Australia","Treaties of Austria","Treaties of Azerbaijan","Treaties of the Bahamas","Treaties of Bahrain","Treaties of Bangladesh","Treaties of Barbados","Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic","Treaties of Belgium","Treaties of Belize","Treaties of Benin","Treaties of Bolivia","Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina","Treaties of Botswana","Treaties of Brazil","Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria", "Treaties of Burkina Faso","Treaties of Burundi","Treaties of the State of Cambodia","Treaties of Cameroon","Treaties of Canada","Treaties of Cape Verde","Treaties of the Central African Republic","Treaties of Chad","Treaties of Chile","Treaties extended to British Hong Kong","Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau","Treaties of Colombia","Treaties of the Comoros","Treaties of the Republic of the Congo","Treaties of Costa Rica","Treaties of Ivory Coast","Treaties of Croatia","Treaties of Cyprus","Treaties of the Czech Republic","Treaties of Czechoslovakia","Treaties of North Korea","Treaties of Zaire","Treaties of Denmark","Treaties of Djibouti","Treaties of Dominica","Treaties of the Dominican Republic","Treaties of Ecuador","Treaties of Egypt","Treaties of El Salvador","Treaties of Equatorial Guinea","Treaties of Eritrea","Treaties of Estonia","Treaties of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia","Treaties of Finland","Treaties of France","Treaties of Gabon","Treaties of the Gambia", "Treaties of Georgia (country)","Treaties of West Germany","Treaties of East Germany","Treaties of Ghana","Treaties of Greece","Treaties of Grenada","Treaties of Guatemala","Treaties of Guinea","Treaties of Guinea-Bissau","Treaties of Guyana","Treaties of Haiti","Treaties of Honduras","Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic","Treaties of Iceland","Treaties of India","Treaties of Indonesia","Treaties of Pahlavi Iran","Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq","Treaties of Ireland","Treaties of Israel","Treaties of Italy","Treaties of Jamaica","Treaties of Japan","Treaties of Jordan","Treaties of Kazakhstan","Treaties of Kenya","Treaties of Kuwait","Treaties of Kyrgyzstan","Treaties of Laos","Treaties of Latvia","Treaties of Lebanon","Treaties of Lesotho","Treaties of Liberia","Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic","Treaties of Liechtenstein","Treaties of Lithuania","Treaties of Luxembourg","Treaties of Madagascar","Treaties of Malawi","Treaties of the Maldives","Treaties of Mali", "Treaties of Malta","Treaties of Mauritania","Treaties of Mauritius","Treaties of Mexico","Treaties of Monaco","Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic","Treaties of Montenegro","Treaties of Morocco","Treaties of Mozambique","Treaties of Namibia","Treaties of Nauru","Treaties of Nepal","Treaties of the Netherlands","Treaties of New Zealand","Treaties of Nicaragua","Treaties of Niger","Treaties of Nigeria","Treaties of Norway","Treaties of Pakistan","Treaties of the State of Palestine","Treaties of Palau","Treaties of Panama","Treaties of Papua New Guinea","Treaties of Paraguay","Treaties of Peru","Treaties of the Philippines","Treaties of the Polish People's Republic","Treaties of Portugal","Treaties of South Korea","Treaties of Moldova","Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania","Treaties of the Soviet Union","Treaties of Rwanda","Treaties of Saint Lucia","Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","Treaties of Samoa","Treaties of San Marino", "Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe","Treaties of Senegal","Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro","Treaties of Seychelles","Treaties of Sierra Leone","Treaties of Slovakia","Treaties of Slovenia","Treaties of the Somali Democratic Republic","Treaties of South Africa","Treaties of Spain","Treaties of Sri Lanka","Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan","Treaties of Suriname","Treaties of Eswatini","Treaties of Sweden","Treaties of Switzerland","Treaties of Syria","Treaties of Tajikistan","Treaties of Thailand","Treaties of North Macedonia","Treaties of East Timor","Treaties of Togo","Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago","Treaties of Tunisia","Treaties of Turkey","Treaties of Turkmenistan","Treaties of Uganda","Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic","Treaties of the United Kingdom","Treaties of Tanzania","Treaties of the United States","Treaties of Uruguay","Treaties of Uzbekistan","Treaties of Vanuatu","Treaties of Venezuela","Treaties of Vietnam", "Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic","Treaties of Yugoslavia","Treaties of Zambia","Treaties of Zimbabwe","1966 in New York City","Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions","Treaties extended to Bermuda","Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands","Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands","Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands","Treaties extended to Gibraltar","Treaties extended to Guernsey","Treaties extended to the Isle of Man","Treaties extended to Jersey","Treaties extended to Montserrat","Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands","Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha","Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands","Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles","Treaties extended to Aruba","Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands","Treaties extended to Greenland","Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands","Treaties extended to British Honduras","Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands", "Treaties extended to West Berlin","Treaties of Fiji"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights","wgRelevantArticleId":98677,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q392119","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/ICCPR-members2.PNG/1200px-ICCPR-members2.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="526"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/ICCPR-members2.PNG/800px-ICCPR-members2.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="351"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/ICCPR-members2.PNG/640px-ICCPR-members2.PNG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="281"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights rootpage-International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_of_the_Covenant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_of_the_Covenant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Articles of the Covenant </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Articles_of_the_Covenant-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Articles of the Covenant subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Articles_of_the_Covenant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rights_to_physical_integrity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rights_to_physical_integrity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Rights to physical integrity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rights_to_physical_integrity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberty_and_security_of_person" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberty_and_security_of_person"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Liberty and security of person </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberty_and_security_of_person-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedural_fairness_and_rights_of_the_accused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedural_fairness_and_rights_of_the_accused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Procedural fairness and rights of the accused </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procedural_fairness_and_rights_of_the_accused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individual_liberties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_liberties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Individual liberties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_liberties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Political rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optional_protocols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optional_protocols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Optional protocols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optional_protocols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reservations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reservations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Reservations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reservations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementation_and_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation_and_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Implementation and effects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementation_and_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Implementation and effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Implementation_and_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Sri Lanka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reservations,_understandings,_and_declarations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reservations,_understandings,_and_declarations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Reservations, understandings, and declarations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reservations,_understandings,_and_declarations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parties_to_the_Covenant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parties_to_the_Covenant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Parties to the Covenant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parties_to_the_Covenant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_not_party_to_the_Covenant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_not_party_to_the_Covenant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 States not party to the Covenant </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-States_not_party_to_the_Covenant-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle States not party to the Covenant subsection </button> <ul id="toc-States_not_party_to_the_Covenant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Signatories_that_have_signed_and_not_ratified" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signatories_that_have_signed_and_not_ratified"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Signatories that have signed and not ratified </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signatories_that_have_signed_and_not_ratified-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States_which_are_neither_signatories_nor_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_which_are_neither_signatories_nor_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 States which are neither signatories nor parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_which_are_neither_signatories_nor_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nonmembers_of_the_UN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nonmembers_of_the_UN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Nonmembers of the UN </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nonmembers_of_the_UN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" > 51 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="العهد الدولي الخاص بالحقوق المدنية والسياسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العهد الدولي الخاص بالحقوق المدنية والسياسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pautu_Internacional_de_Derechos_Civiles_y_Pol%C3%ADticos" title="Pautu Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pautu Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BClki_v%C9%99_siyasi_h%C3%BCquqlar_haqq%C4%B1nda_Beyn%C9%99lxalq_Pakt" title="Mülki və siyasi hüquqlar haqqında Beynəlxalq Pakt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mülki və siyasi hüquqlar haqqında Beynəlxalq Pakt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong-b%C3%AEn_kap_Ch%C3%A8ng-t%C4%AB_Ko%C3%A2n-l%C4%AB_Kok-ch%C3%A8_Kong-iok" title="Kong-bîn kap Chèng-tī Koân-lī Kok-chè Kong-iok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kong-bîn kap Chèng-tī Koân-lī Kok-chè Kong-iok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85_%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Міжнародны пакт аб грамадзянскіх і палітычных правах – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Міжнародны пакт аб грамадзянскіх і палітычных правах" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Международен пакт за граждански и политически права – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Международен пакт за граждански и политически права" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacte_Internacional_de_Drets_Civils_i_Pol%C3%ADtics" title="Pacte Internacional de Drets Civils i Polítics – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pacte Internacional de Drets Civils i Polítics" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_pakt_o_ob%C4%8Dansk%C3%BDch_a_politick%C3%BDch_pr%C3%A1vech" title="Mezinárodní pakt o občanských a politických právech – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezinárodní pakt o občanských a politických právech" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN%27s_konvention_om_borgerlige_og_politiske_rettigheder" title="FN's konvention om borgerlige og politiske rettigheder – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="FN's konvention om borgerlige og politiske rettigheder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaler_Pakt_%C3%BCber_b%C3%BCrgerliche_und_politische_Rechte" title="Internationaler Pakt über bürgerliche und politische Rechte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationaler Pakt über bürgerliche und politische Rechte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaniku-_ja_poliitiliste_%C3%B5iguste_rahvusvaheline_pakt" title="Kodaniku- ja poliitiliste õiguste rahvusvaheline pakt – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kodaniku- ja poliitiliste õiguste rahvusvaheline pakt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacto_Internacional_de_Derechos_Civiles_y_Pol%C3%ADticos" title="Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Pakto_pri_Civilaj_kaj_Politikaj_Rajtoj" title="Internacia Pakto pri Civilaj kaj Politikaj Rajtoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Pakto pri Civilaj kaj Politikaj Rajtoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskubide_Zibil_eta_Politikoen_Nazioarteko_Ituna" title="Eskubide Zibil eta Politikoen Nazioarteko Ituna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskubide Zibil eta Politikoen Nazioarteko Ituna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="میثاق بین‌المللی حقوق مدنی و سیاسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میثاق بین‌المللی حقوق مدنی و سیاسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacte_international_relatif_aux_droits_civils_et_politiques" title="Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacto_Internacional_de_Dereitos_Civ%C3%ADs_e_Pol%C3%ADticos" title="Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Civís e Políticos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pacto Internacional de Dereitos Civís e Políticos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%81_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EA%B6%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EA%B7%9C%EC%95%BD" title="시민적 및 정치적 권리에 관한 국제규약 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시민적 및 정치적 권리에 관한 국제규약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%87_%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Քաղաքացիական և քաղաքական իրավունքների միջազգային դաշնագիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քաղաքացիական և քաղաքական իրավունքների միջազգային դաշնագիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_pakt_o_gra%C4%91anskim_i_politi%C4%8Dkim_pravima" title="Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovenan_Internasional_tentang_Hak-Hak_Sipil_dan_Politik" title="Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenzione_internazionale_sui_diritti_civili_e_politici" title="Convenzione internazionale sui diritti civili e politici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Convenzione internazionale sui diritti civili e politici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="האמנה הבין-לאומית בדבר זכויות אזרחיות ומדיניות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האמנה הבין-לאומית בדבר זכויות אזרחיות ומדיניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="სამოქალაქო და პოლიტიკურ უფლებათა პაქტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამოქალაქო და პოლიტიკურ უფლებათა პაქტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makubaliano_ya_Kimataifa_juu_ya_Haki_za_kiraia_na_kisiasa" title="Makubaliano ya Kimataifa juu ya Haki za kiraia na kisiasa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Makubaliano ya Kimataifa juu ya Haki za kiraia na kisiasa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pactio_internationalis_de_iuribus_civilibus_et_politicis" title="Pactio internationalis de iuribus civilibus et politicis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pactio internationalis de iuribus civilibus et politicis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starptautiskais_pakts_par_pilsoniskaj%C4%81m_un_politiskaj%C4%81m_ties%C4%ABb%C4%81m" title="Starptautiskais pakts par pilsoniskajām un politiskajām tiesībām – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starptautiskais pakts par pilsoniskajām un politiskajām tiesībām" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_polg%C3%A1ri_%C3%A9s_politikai_jogok_nemzetk%C3%B6zi_egyezs%C3%A9gokm%C3%A1nya" title="A polgári és politikai jogok nemzetközi egyezségokmánya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A polgári és politikai jogok nemzetközi egyezségokmánya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Меѓународен пакт за граѓански и политички права – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓународен пакт за граѓански и политички права" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Иргэний болон улс төрийн эрхийн тухай олон улсын пакт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иргэний болон улс төрийн эрхийн тухай олон улсын пакт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationaal_verdrag_inzake_burgerrechten_en_politieke_rechten" title="Internationaal verdrag inzake burgerrechten en politieke rechten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationaal verdrag inzake burgerrechten en politieke rechten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%B0%91%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%A8%A9%E5%88%A9%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E8%A6%8F%E7%B4%84" title="市民的及び政治的権利に関する国際規約 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="市民的及び政治的権利に関する国際規約" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internasjonal_konvensjon_om_sivile_og_politiske_rettigheter" title="Internasjonal konvensjon om sivile og politiske rettigheter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Internasjonal konvensjon om sivile og politiske rettigheter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_pakt_praw_obywatelskich_i_politycznych" title="Międzynarodowy pakt praw obywatelskich i politycznych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowy pakt praw obywatelskich i politycznych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacto_Internacional_dos_Direitos_Civis_e_Pol%C3%ADticos" title="Pacto Internacional dos Direitos Civis e Políticos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pacto Internacional dos Direitos Civis e Políticos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pactul_interna%C8%9Bional_pentru_drepturile_civile_%C8%99i_politice" title="Pactul internațional pentru drepturile civile și politice – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pactul internațional pentru drepturile civile și politice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Международный пакт о гражданских и политических правах – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международный пакт о гражданских и политических правах" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakti_Nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtar_p%C3%ABr_t%C3%AB_Drejtat_Civile_dhe_Politike" title="Pakti Ndërkombëtar për të Drejtat Civile dhe Politike – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pakti Ndërkombëtar për të Drejtat Civile dhe Politike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_pakt_o_gra%C4%91anskim_i_politi%C4%8Dkim_pravima" title="Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_pakt_o_gra%C4%91anskim_i_politi%C4%8Dkim_pravima" title="Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Međunarodni pakt o građanskim i političkim pravima" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansalaisoikeuksia_ja_poliittisia_oikeuksia_koskeva_kansainv%C3%A4linen_yleissopimus" title="Kansalaisoikeuksia ja poliittisia oikeuksia koskeva kansainvälinen yleissopimus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansalaisoikeuksia ja poliittisia oikeuksia koskeva kansainvälinen yleissopimus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationella_konventionen_om_medborgerliga_och_politiska_r%C3%A4ttigheter" title="Internationella konventionen om medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internationella konventionen om medborgerliga och politiska rättigheter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="அனைத்துலக குடிசார் மற்றும் அரசியல் உரிமைகள் உடன்படிக்கை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அனைத்துலக குடிசார் மற்றும் அரசியல் உரிமைகள் உடன்படிக்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="กติการะหว่างประเทศว่าด้วยสิทธิพลเมืองและสิทธิทางการเมือง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กติการะหว่างประเทศว่าด้วยสิทธิพลเมืองและสิทธิทางการเมือง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C5%9Fisel_ve_Siyasal_Haklar_Uluslararas%C4%B1_S%C3%B6zle%C5%9Fmesi" title="Kişisel ve Siyasal Haklar Uluslararası Sözleşmesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kişisel ve Siyasal Haklar Uluslararası Sözleşmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Міжнародний пакт про громадянські та політичні права – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міжнародний пакт про громадянські та політичні права" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_v%E1%BB%81_c%C3%A1c_Quy%E1%BB%81n_D%C3%A2n_s%E1%BB%B1_v%C3%A0_Ch%C3%ADnh_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Công ước Quốc tế về các Quyền Dân sự và Chính trị – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công ước Quốc tế về các Quyền Dân sự và Chính trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%90%AD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="公民搭政治权利国际公约 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="公民搭政治权利国际公约" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" title="公民權利和政治權利國際公約 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="公民權利和政治權利國際公約" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%8A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="公民权利及政治权利国际公约 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="公民权利及政治权利国际公约" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q392119#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&oldid=1239609890" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&id=1239609890&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInternational_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInternational_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q392119" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Treaty adopted by United Nations General Assembly in 1965</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:ICCPR-members2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/ICCPR-members2.PNG/250px-ICCPR-members2.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/ICCPR-members2.PNG/375px-ICCPR-members2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/ICCPR-members2.PNG/500px-ICCPR-members2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Parties and signatories of the ICCPR <div style="text-align:left"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  State party</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Signatory that has not ratified</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  State party that attempted to withdraw <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Non-party; non-signatory</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">United Nations General Assembly resolution</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Drafted</th><td class="infobox-data">1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">16 December 1966<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Headquarters">United Nations Headquarters</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">23 March 1976<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist">74<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">174<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depositary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">French, English, Russian, Chinese, Spanish<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text at <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" class="extiw" title="wikisource:International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> that commits nations to respect the <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil and political rights</a> of individuals, including the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_life" title="Right to life">right to life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">freedom of assembly</a>, electoral rights and rights to <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> and a fair trial.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> It was adopted by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> Resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966 and entered into force on 23 March 1976 after its thirty-fifth ratification or accession.<a href="#cite_note-4">[A]</a> As of June 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Covenant has 174 parties and six more signatories without ratification, most notably the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>;<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> is the only state that has tried to withdraw. The ICCPR is considered a seminal document in the history of international law and human rights, forming part of the <a href="/wiki/International_Bill_of_Human_Rights" title="International Bill of Human Rights">International Bill of Human Rights</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (ICESCR) and the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> (UDHR).<a href="#cite_note-ohchr-fs2-5">[4]</a> Compliance with the ICCPR is monitored by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">United Nations Human Rights Committee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[B]</a> which reviews regular reports of states parties on how the rights are being implemented. States must report one year after acceding to the Covenant and then whenever the Committee requests (usually every four years). The Committee normally meets at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">UN Office at Geneva, Switzerland</a> and typically holds three sessions per year. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights.pdf/page1-220px-International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights.pdf/page1-330px-International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights.pdf/page1-440px-International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption>International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</figcaption></figure> The ICCPR (International Covenant On Civil and Political Rights) has its roots in the same process that led to the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-7">[5]</a> A "Declaration on the Essential Rights of Man" had been proposed at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">1945 San Francisco Conference</a> which led to the founding of the United Nations, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> was given the task of drafting it.<a href="#cite_note-ohchr-fs2-5">[4]</a> Early on in the process, the document was split into a declaration setting forth general principles of human rights, and a convention or covenant containing binding commitments. The former evolved into the UDHR and was adopted on 10 December 1948.<a href="#cite_note-ohchr-fs2-5">[4]</a> Drafting continued on the convention, but there remained significant differences between UN members on the relative importance of <a href="/wiki/Negative_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative right">negative</a> Civil and Political versus <a href="/wiki/Positive_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive right">positive</a> Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> These eventually caused the convention to be split into two separate covenants, "one to contain civil and political rights and the other to contain economic, social and cultural rights".<a href="#cite_note-unga-r543-9">[7]</a> The two covenants were to contain as many similar provisions as possible, and be opened for signature simultaneously.<a href="#cite_note-unga-r543-9">[7]</a> Each would also contain an article on the right of all peoples to self-determination.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> The first document became the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the second the <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a>. The drafts were presented to the UN General Assembly for discussion in 1954 and adopted in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a> As a result of diplomatic negotiations the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was adopted shortly before the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Together, the UDHR and the two Covenants are considered to be the foundational human rights texts in the contemporary international system of human rights.<a href="#cite_note-auto-7">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_of_the_Covenant">Articles of the Covenant</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Articles of the Covenant">edit</a>]</div> The Covenant follows the structure of the UDHR and ICESCR, with a preamble and fifty-three articles, divided into six parts.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> Part 1 (Article 1) recognizes the right of all peoples to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>, including the right to "freely determine their political status",<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> pursue their economic, social and cultural goals, and manage and dispose of their own resources. It recognises a <a href="/wiki/Negative_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative right">negative right</a> of a people not to be deprived of its means of subsistence,<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> and imposes an obligation on those parties still responsible for non-self governing and trust territories (colonies) to encourage and respect their self-determination.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Part 2 (Articles 2 – 5) obliges parties to legislate where necessary to give effect to the rights recognised in the Covenant, and to provide an effective <a href="/wiki/Legal_remedy" title="Legal remedy">legal remedy</a> for any violation of those rights.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> It also requires the rights be recognised "without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status,"<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> and to ensure that they are enjoyed equally by women.<a href="#cite_note-Art3-18">[16]</a> The rights can only be limited "in time of <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">public emergency</a> which threatens the life of the nation,"<a href="#cite_note-Art4.1-19">[17]</a> and even then no derogation is permitted from the rights to life, freedom from <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, the freedom from <a href="/wiki/Ex_post_facto_law" title="Ex post facto law">retrospective law</a>, the right to <a href="/wiki/Personhood" title="Personhood">personhood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">freedom of thought</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_conscience" title="Freedom of conscience">conscience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">religion</a> and freedom from medical or scientific experimentation without consent.<a href="#cite_note-Art4.2-20">[18]</a> Part 3 (Articles 6 – 27) lists the rights themselves. These include rights to: <ul><li>physical integrity, in the form of the right to life and freedom from torture and slavery (Articles 6, 7, and 8);</li> <li>liberty and security of the person, in the form of freedom from <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">arbitrary arrest and detention</a> and the right to <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a> (Articles 9 – 11);</li> <li>procedural fairness in law, in the form of rights to due process, a <a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial" title="Right to a fair trial">fair and impartial trial</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_innocence" title="Presumption of innocence">presumption of innocence</a>, and recognition as a person before the law (Articles 14, 15, and 16);</li> <li>individual liberty, in the form of the freedoms of movement, thought, conscience and religion, speech, association and assembly, family rights, the right to a nationality, and the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">right to privacy</a> (Articles 12, 13, 17 – 24);</li> <li>prohibition by law of any <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> for war as well as any advocacy of national or religious hatred that constitutes <a href="/wiki/Incitement" title="Incitement">incitement</a> to discrimination, hostility or violence (Article 20);</li> <li>political participation, including the right to the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to vote">right to vote</a> (Article 25);</li> <li>Non-discrimination, <a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">minority rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">equality before the law</a> (Articles 26 and 27).</li></ul> Many of these rights include specific actions which must be undertaken to realize them. Part 4 (Articles 28 – 45) governs the establishment and operation of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights Committee">Human Rights Committee</a> and the reporting and monitoring of the Covenant. It also allows parties to recognize the competence of the committee to resolve disputes between parties on the implementation of the Covenant (Articles 41 and 42). Part 5 (Articles 46 – 47) clarifies that the Covenant shall not be interpreted as interfering with the operation of the United Nations or "the inherent right of all peoples to enjoy and utilize fully and freely their natural wealth and resources".<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> Part 6 (Articles 48–53) governs ratification, entry into force, and amendment of the Covenant. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rights_to_physical_integrity">Rights to physical integrity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rights to physical integrity">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Right_to_life" title="Right to life">Right to life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a></div> Article 6 of the Covenant recognises the individual's "inherent right to life" and requires it to be protected by law.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> It is a "supreme right" from which no derogation can be permitted, and must be interpreted widely.<a href="#cite_note-gc6-23">[21]</a> It therefore requires parties to take positive measures to reduce <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a> and increase <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a>, as well as forbidding arbitrary killings by security forces.<a href="#cite_note-gc6-23">[21]</a> While Article 6 does not prohibit the death penalty, it restricts its application to the "most serious crimes"<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> and forbids it to be used on children and pregnant women<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> or in a manner contrary to the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Prevention_and_Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide">Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> The UN Human Rights Committee interprets the Article as "strongly suggest[ing] that abolition is desirable",<a href="#cite_note-gc6-23">[21]</a> and regards any progress towards abolition of the death penalty as advancing this right.<a href="#cite_note-gc6-23">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Optional_Protocol_to_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">Second Optional Protocol</a> commits its signatories to the abolition of the death penalty within their borders. Article 7 prohibits <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cruel_and_unusual_punishment" title="Cruel and unusual punishment">cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment</a> and non-consensual medical or scientific experimentation.<a href="#cite_note-Art7-27">[25]</a> As with Article 6, it cannot be derogated from under any circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-Art4.2-20">[18]</a> The article is now interpreted to impose similar obligations to those required by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Torture" title="United Nations Convention Against Torture">United Nations Convention Against Torture</a>, including not just prohibition of torture, but active measures to prevent its use and a prohibition on <a href="/wiki/Refoulement" class="mw-redirect" title="Refoulement">refoulement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> In response to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Nazi human experimentation</a> during WW2 this article explicitly includes a prohibition on medical and scientific experimentation without consent.<a href="#cite_note-Art7-27">[25]</a> Article 8 prohibits <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> and enforced servitude in all situations.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> The article also prohibits <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour" title="Forced labour">forced labour</a>, with exceptions for criminal punishment, military service and civil obligations.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberty_and_security_of_person">Liberty and security of person</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Liberty and security of person">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">Habeas corpus</a></div> Article 9 recognises the rights to liberty and security of the person. It prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, requires any deprivation of liberty to be according to law,<a href="#cite_note-Art9.1-31">[29]</a> and obliges parties to allow those deprived of their liberty to challenge their imprisonment through the courts.<a href="#cite_note-Art9.4-32">[30]</a> These provisions apply not just to those imprisoned as part of the criminal process, but also to those detained due to mental illness, drug addiction, or for educational or immigration purposes.<a href="#cite_note-gc8-33">[31]</a> Articles 9.3 and 9.4 impose procedural safeguards around arrest, requiring anyone arrested to be promptly informed of the charges against them, and to be brought promptly before a judge.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> It also restricts the use of pre-trial detention,<a href="#cite_note-Art9.3-35">[33]</a> requiring that it not be 'the general rule'.<a href="#cite_note-gc8-33">[31]</a> Article 10 requires anyone deprived of liberty to be treated with dignity and humanity.<a href="#cite_note-Art10.1-36">[34]</a> This applies not just to prisoners, but also to those detained for immigration purposes or psychiatric care.<a href="#cite_note-gc21-37">[35]</a> The right complements the Article 7 prohibition on torture and cruel, <a href="/wiki/Inhuman_or_degrading_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhuman or degrading treatment">inhuman or degrading treatment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gc21-37">[35]</a> The article also imposes specific obligations around criminal justice, requiring prisoners in pretrial detention to be separated from convicted prisoners, and children to be separated from adults.<a href="#cite_note-Art10.2-38">[36]</a> It requires prisons to be focused on reform and rehabilitation rather than punishment.<a href="#cite_note-Art10.3-39">[37]</a> Article 11 prohibits the use of imprisonment as a punishment for breach of contract.<a href="#cite_note-Art11-40">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procedural_fairness_and_rights_of_the_accused">Procedural fairness and rights of the accused</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Procedural fairness and rights of the accused">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_the_accused" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of the accused">Rights of the accused</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial" title="Right to a fair trial">Right to a fair trial</a></div> Article 14 recognizes and protects a right to justice and a fair trial. Article 14.1 establishes the ground rules: everyone must be equal before the courts, and any hearing must take place in <a href="/wiki/Public_trial" title="Public trial">open court</a> before a competent, independent and impartial tribunal, with any judgment or ruling made public.<a href="#cite_note-Art14.1-41">[39]</a> Closed hearings are only permitted for reasons of privacy, justice, or national security, and judgments may only be suppressed in divorce cases or to protect the interests of children.<a href="#cite_note-Art14.1-41">[39]</a> These obligations apply to both criminal and civil hearings, and to all courts and tribunals.<a href="#cite_note-gc13-42">[40]</a> Article 14.3 mandates that litigants must be informed promptly and in detail in a language which they understand.<a href="#cite_note-Art14.1-41">[39]</a> The rest of the article imposes specific and detailed obligations around the process of criminal trials in order to protect the <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_the_accused" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of the accused">rights of the accused</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial" title="Right to a fair trial">right to a fair trial</a>. It establishes the <a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_innocence" title="Presumption of innocence">Presumption of innocence</a><a href="#cite_note-Art14.2-43">[41]</a> and forbids <a href="/wiki/Double_jeopardy" title="Double jeopardy">double jeopardy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Art14.7-44">[42]</a> It requires that those convicted of a crime be allowed to appeal to a higher tribunal,<a href="#cite_note-Art14.5-45">[43]</a> and requires victims of a <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage_of_justice" title="Miscarriage of justice">Miscarriage of justice</a> to be compensated.<a href="#cite_note-Art14.6-46">[44]</a> It establishes rights to a <a href="/wiki/Speedy_trial" title="Speedy trial">speedy trial</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Right_to_counsel" title="Right to counsel">counsel</a>, against <a href="/wiki/Self-incrimination" title="Self-incrimination">self-incrimination</a>, and for the accused to be present and <a href="/wiki/Confrontation_Clause" title="Confrontation Clause">call and examine witnesses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Art14.3-47">[45]</a> Article 15 prohibits prosecutions under <a href="/wiki/Ex_post_facto_law" title="Ex post facto law">ex post facto law</a> and the imposition of <a href="/wiki/Nullum_crimen,_nulla_poena_sine_praevia_lege_poenali" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali">retrospective criminal penalties</a>, and requires the imposition of the lesser penalty where criminal sentences have changed between the offence and conviction.<a href="#cite_note-Art15-48">[46]</a> One exception is criminal proceedings held for violations of <a href="/wiki/Peremptory_norm" title="Peremptory norm">peremptory norms</a> (jus cogens) under <a href="/wiki/Customary_international_law" title="Customary international law">customary international law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Art15.2-49">[47]</a> such as genocide, slavery, torture, and wars of aggression. Article 16 requires states to <a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition" title="Legal recognition">recognize everyone as a person before the law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Art16-50">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individual_liberties">Individual liberties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Individual liberties">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">Freedom of movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Freedom of thought</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Right_of_Return" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of Return">Right of Return</a></div> Article 12 guarantees <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">freedom of movement</a>, including the right of persons to choose their residence, to leave and return to a country.<a href="#cite_note-Art12-51">[49]</a> These rights apply to legal aliens as well as citizens of a state,<a href="#cite_note-gc27-52">[50]</a> and can be restricted only where necessary to protect national security, public order or health, and the rights and freedoms of others.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> The article also recognises a right of people to enter their own country: the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">right of return</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights Committee">Human Rights Committee</a> interprets this right broadly as applying not just to citizens, but also to those stripped of or denied their nationality.<a href="#cite_note-gc27-52">[50]</a> They also regard it as near-absolute; "there are few, if any, circumstances in which deprivation of the right to enter one's own country could be reasonable".<a href="#cite_note-gc27-52">[50]</a> Article 13 forbids the arbitrary expulsion of resident aliens and requires such decisions to be able to be appealed and reviewed.<a href="#cite_note-Art13-55">[53]</a> Article 17 mandates the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">right of privacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Art17-56">[54]</a> This provision, specifically article 17(1), protects private adult consensual sexual activity, thereby nullifying prohibitions on homosexual behaviour,<a href="#cite_note-Toonen1-57">[55]</a> however, the wording of this covenant's marriage right (Article 23) excludes the extrapolation of a same-sex marriage right from this provision.<a href="#cite_note-Joslin1-58">[56]</a> Article 17 also protects people against unlawful attacks to their honor and reputation. Article 17 (2) grants the protection of the law against such attacks.<a href="#cite_note-Art17-56">[54]</a> Article 18 mandates <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> or <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">belief</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Art18-59">[57]</a> Article 19 mandates <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Art19-60">[58]</a> Article 20 mandates sanctions against inciting war and hatred.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> Article 21 mandates <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">freedom of assembly</a> and 22 mandates <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">freedom of association</a>. These provisions guarantee the right to freedom of association, the right to trade unions and also defines the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Art22-63">[61]</a> Article 23 mandates the right of marriage.<a href="#cite_note-Art23-64">[62]</a> The wording of this provision neither requires nor prohibits <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Joslin2-65">[63]</a> Article 24 mandates special protection, the right to a name, and the right to a nationality for every child.<a href="#cite_note-Art24-66">[64]</a> Article 27 mandates the rights of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_minorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious minorities">religious</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">linguistic minority</a> to enjoy their own culture, to profess their own religion, and <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_rights" title="Linguistic rights">to use their own language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Art27-67">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_rights">Political rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political rights">edit</a>]</div> Article 2 and Article 3 provides an accessory non-discrimination principle. Accessory in the way that it cannot be used independently and can only be relied upon in relation to another right protected by the ICCPR. In contrast, Article 26 contains a revolutionary norm by providing an autonomous equality principle which is not dependent upon another right under the convention being infringed. This has the effect of widening the scope of the non-discrimination principle beyond the scope of ICCPR. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Optional_protocols">Optional protocols</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Optional protocols">edit</a>]</div> There are two Optional Protocols to the Covenant. The <a href="/wiki/First_Optional_Protocol_to_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">First Optional Protocol</a> establishes an individual complaints mechanism, allowing individuals to complain to the Human Rights Committee about violations of the Covenant.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> This has led to the creation of a complex jurisprudence on the interpretation and implementation of the Covenant. As of September 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit">[update]</a>, the First Optional Protocol has 116 parties.<a href="#cite_note-OHCHR_Dashboard-69">[67]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Optional_Protocol_to_the_International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">Second Optional Protocol</a> abolishes the death penalty; however, countries were permitted to make a reservation allowing for use of death penalty for the most serious crimes of a military nature, committed during wartime.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> As of June 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Second Optional Protocol had 90 parties.<a href="#cite_note-OHCHR_Dashboard-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reservations">Reservations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reservations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (June 2010)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> A number of parties have made reservations and interpretative declarations to their application of the Covenant.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> Argentina will apply the fair trial rights guaranteed in its <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Argentina" title="Constitution of Argentina">constitution</a> to the prosecution of those accused of violating the general law of nations.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Australia reserves the right to progressively implement the prison standards of Article 10, to compensate for miscarriages of justice by administrative means rather than through the courts, and interprets the prohibition on racial incitement as being subject to the freedoms of expression, association and assembly. It also declares that its implementation will be effected at each level of its federal system.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Austria reserves the right to continue to exile members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a>, and limits the rights of the accused and the right to a fair trial to those already existing in its legal system.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Bahamas, due to problems with implementation, reserves the right not to compensate for miscarriages of justice.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Bahrain interprets Articles 3 (no sexual discrimination), 18 (freedom of religion) and 23 (family rights) within the context of Islamic Sharia law.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Bangladesh reserves the right to try people in absentia where they are fugitives from justice and declares that resource constraints mean that it cannot necessarily segregate prisons or provide counsel for accused persons.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Barbados reserves the right not to provide free counsel for accused persons due to resource constraints.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Belgium interprets the freedoms of speech, assembly and association in a manner consistent with the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>. It does not consider itself obliged to ban war propaganda as required by Article 20, and interprets that article in light of the freedom of expression in the UDHR.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Belize reserves the right not to compensate for miscarriages of justice, due to problems with implementation, and does not plan to provide free legal counsel for the same reasons as above. It also refuses to ensure the right to free travel at any time, due to a law requiring those travelling abroad to provide tax clearance certificates.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Congo, as per the Congolese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_of_Civil,_Commercial,_Administrative_and_Financial_Procedure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code of Civil, Commercial, Administrative and Financial Procedure (page does not exist)">Code of Civil, Commercial, Administrative and Financial Procedure</a>, in matters of private law, decisions or orders emanating from conciliation proceedings may be enforced through imprisonment for debt.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Denmark reserves the right to exclude the press and the public from trials as per its own laws. Reservation is further made to Article 20, paragraph 1. This reservation is in accordance with the vote cast by Denmark in the XVI General Assembly of the United Nations in 1961 when the Danish Delegation, referring to the preceding article concerning freedom of expression, voted against the prohibition against propaganda for war.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> The Gambia, as per its constitution, will provide free legal assistance for accused persons charged with capital offences only.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> Pakistan, has made several reservations to the articles in the convention; "the provisions of Articles 3, 6, 7, 18 and 19 shall be so applied to the extent that they are not repugnant to the Provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan and the Sharia laws", "the provisions of Article 12 shall be so applied as to be in conformity with the Provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan", "With respect to Article 13, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan reserves its right to apply its law relating to foreigners", "the provisions of Article 25 shall be so applied to the extent that they are not repugnant to the Provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan" and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan "does not recognize the competence of the Committee provided for in Article 40 of the Covenant". The United States has made reservations that none of the articles should restrict the right of <a href="/wiki/Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech">free speech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">association</a>; that the US government may impose capital punishment on any person other than a pregnant woman, including persons below the age of 18; that "cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment" refers to those treatments or punishments prohibited by one or more of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">fifth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution">eighth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">fourteenth</a> amendments to the US Constitution; that the third clause of Paragraph 1, Article 15 will not apply; and that, notwithstanding paragraphs 2(b) and 3 of Article 10 and paragraph 4 of Article 14, the US government may treat juveniles as adults, and accept volunteers to the military prior to the age of 18. The United States also submitted five "understandings", and four "declarations".<a href="#cite_note-umn-hrlibrary-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation_and_effects">Implementation and effects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Implementation and effects">edit</a>]</div> The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights has 167 states parties, 67 by signature and ratification, and the remainder by accession or succession. Another five states have signed but have yet to ratify the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-reservations-1">[1]</a> According to a 2013 study, the ICCPR has significantly improved human rights practices on matters where evidence-production costs and standards of proof are low, but has had a limited impact for issue areas where legally admissible evidence is costly to produce and standards of proof are high. This means that the ICCPR has "significantly improved governments' respect for the freedoms of speech, association, assembly, and religion" but has had insignificant effects on respect to personal integrity rights.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> The Covenant is not directly enforceable in Australia, but its provisions support a number of domestic laws, which confer enforceable rights on individuals. For example, Article 17 of the convention has been implemented by the Australian <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013C00482">Privacy Act 1988</a>. Likewise, the Covenant's equality and anti-discrimination provisions support the federal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2014C00013">Disability Discrimination Act 1992</a>. Finally, the Covenant is one of the major sources of 'human rights' listed in the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> This law requires most new legislation and administrative instruments (such as delegated/subordinate legislation) to be tabled in parliament with a statement outlining the proposed law's compatibility with the listed human rights<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> A Joint Committee on Human Rights scrutinises all new legislation and statements of compatibility.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> The findings of the Joint Committee are not legally binding. Legislation also establishes the Australian Human Rights Commission<a href="#cite_note-AHRC1-77">[75]</a> which allows the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Australian Human Rights Commission">Australian Human Rights Commission</a> (AHRC) to examine enacted legislation<a href="#cite_note-AHRC2-78">[76]</a> (to suggest remedial enactments<a href="#cite_note-AHRC3-79">[77]</a>), its administration<a href="#cite_note-AHRC4-80">[78]</a> (to suggest avoidance of practices<a href="#cite_note-AHRC5-81">[79]</a>) and general compliance<a href="#cite_note-AHRC6-82">[80]</a> with the covenant which is scheduled to the AHRC legislation.<a href="#cite_note-ACRH7-83">[81]</a> In Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory, the convention can be used by a plaintiff or defendant who invokes those jurisdiction's human rights charters.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> While the Convention cannot be used to overturn a Victorian or ACT law, a Court can issue a 'declaration of incompatibility' that requires the relevant Attorney-General to respond in Parliament within a set time period.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Courts in Victoria and the ACT are also directed by the legislation to interpret the law in a way to give effect to a human right,<a href="#cite_note-HR2004-85">[83]</a> and new legislation and subordinate legislation must be accompanied by a statement of compatibility.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> Efforts to implement a similar Charter at the national level have been frustrated and Australia's Constitution may prevent conferring the 'declaration' power on federal judges.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> Ireland's use of <a href="/wiki/Special_Criminal_Court" title="Special Criminal Court">Special Criminal Courts</a> where juries are replaced by judges and other special procedures apply has been found to not violate the treaty: "In the Committee's view, trial before courts other than the ordinary courts is not necessarily, per se, a violation of the entitlement to a fair hearing and the facts of the present case do not show that there has been such a violation."<a href="#cite_note-Kavanagh-89">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> New Zealand took measures to give effect to many of the rights contained within it by passing the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Bill_of_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Bill of Rights Act">New Zealand Bill of Rights Act</a> in 1990, and formally incorporated the status of protected person into law through the passing of the Immigration Act 2009.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka">edit</a>]</div> Sri Lankan author <a href="/wiki/Shakthika_Sathkumara" title="Shakthika Sathkumara">Shakthika Sathkumara</a> was arrested on 1 April 2019 for inciting religious violence, following a publication of a short story about homosexuality and <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">child abuse</a> at a Buddhist temple in Sri Lanka. The author had been adjudged the best <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala language</a> short story writer in Sri Lanka's National Youth Literary Festivals of 2010 and 2014, and was twice the recipient of the north western provincial state literary award. A group of Buddhist monks had stormed the author's workplace demanding punitive action against him after the story first appeared on <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>; the ICCPR prohibits "advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence". Human rights organizations <a href="/wiki/Civicus" title="Civicus">Civicus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Asian Human Rights Commission">Asian Human Rights Commission</a> (AHRC) have asserted that the charges are spurious and a clear violation of the author's right to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reservations,_understandings,_and_declarations">Reservations, understandings, and declarations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reservations, understandings, and declarations">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> ratified the ICCPR in 1992, with five <a href="/wiki/Reservation_(law)" title="Reservation (law)">reservations</a>, five understandings, and four declarations.<a href="#cite_note-umn-hrlibrary-72">[70]</a> Some have noted that with so many reservations, its implementation has little domestic effect,<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> although it has been argued that the reason behind the Senate reservations is that Article 20(2) (regarding <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>) of the ICCPR may be unconstitutional according to Supreme Court precedent.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Included in the Senate's ratification was the declaration that "the provisions of Article 1 through 27 of the Covenant are not self-executing",<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> and a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_Executive_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate Executive Report (page does not exist)">Senate Executive Report</a> stated that the declaration was meant to "clarify that the Covenant will not create a private cause of action in U.S. Courts".<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> Where a treaty or covenant is not self-executing, and where Congress has not acted to implement the agreement with legislation, no private right of action within the US judicial system is created by ratification.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> However, a reservation that is "incompatible with the object and purpose" of a treaty is void as a matter of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_the_Law_of_Treaties" title="Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties">Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties</a> and international law,<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> and there is question as to whether the non-self-execution declaration is even constitutional<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Supremacy_Clause" title="Supremacy Clause">Supremacy Clause</a> (Prof. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Henkin" title="Louis Henkin">Louis Henkin</a> argues that it is not<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a>). Prof. Jordan Paust criticizes the United States' ratification subject to the non-self-execution declaration as being an abuse of the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parties_to_the_Covenant">Parties to the Covenant</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Parties to the Covenant">edit</a>]</div> There are a total of 174 parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.<a href="#cite_note-UNTS-102">[100]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State party </th> <th>Signed </th> <th>Ratified or acceded </th> <th>Entry into force </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>24 January 1983 </td> <td>24 April 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>4 October 1991 </td> <td>4 January 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td>10 December 1968 </td> <td>12 September 1989 </td> <td>12 December 1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/22px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/33px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/43px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> </td> <td>5 August 2002 </td> <td>22 September 2006 </td> <td>22 December 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>10 January 1992 </td> <td>10 April 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>3 July 2019 </td> <td>3 November 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>18 February 1968 </td> <td>8 August 1986 </td> <td>8 November 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>23 June 1993 </td> <td>23 September 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td>18 December 1972 </td> <td>13 August 1980 </td> <td>13 November 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td>10 December 1973 </td> <td>10 September 1978 </td> <td>10 December 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>13 August 1992 </td> <td>13 November 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas, The</a> </td> <td>4 December 2008 </td> <td>23 December 2008 </td> <td>23 March 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>20 September 2006 </td> <td>20 December 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>6 September 2000 </td> <td>6 December 2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>5 January 1973 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> </td> <td>19 March 1968 </td> <td>12 November 1973 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td>10 December 1968 </td> <td>12 April 1983 </td> <td>12 July 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>10 June 1996 </td> <td>10 September 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>12 March 1992 </td> <td>12 June 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>12 August 1982 </td> <td>12 November 1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><a href="#cite_note-former_Yugoslavia-103">[C]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>1 September 1993 </td> <td>6 March 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> </td> <td>8 September 2000 </td> <td>8 September 2000 </td> <td>8 December 2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>24 January 1992 </td> <td>24 April 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>8 October 1968 </td> <td>21 September 1970 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>4 January 1999 </td> <td>4 April 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>8 May 1990 </td> <td>8 August 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[D]</a> </td> <td>17 October 1980 </td> <td>26 May 1992 </td> <td>26 August 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>27 January 1984 </td> <td>27 April 1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>19 May 1976 </td> <td>19 August 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>6 August 1993 </td> <td>6 November 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>8 May 1981 </td> <td>8 August 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>9 June 1995 </td> <td>9 September 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>16 September 1969 </td> <td>10 February 1972 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>21 December 1966 </td> <td>29 October 1969 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo, Democratic Republic of the</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>1 November 1976 </td> <td>1 February 1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo, Republic of the</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>5 October 1983 </td> <td>5 January 1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td>19 December 1966 </td> <td>29 November 1968 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>26 March 1992 </td> <td>26 June 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a><a href="#cite_note-former_Yugoslavia-103">[C]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>12 October 1992 </td> <td>12 January 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td>19 December 1966 </td> <td>2 April 1969 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-Czechoslovakia-105">[E]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>22 February 1993 </td> <td>1 January 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td>20 March 1968 </td> <td>6 January 1972 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>5 November 2002 </td> <td>5 February 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>17 June 1993 </td> <td>17 September 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>4 January 1978 </td> <td>4 April 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>18 September 2003 </td> <td>18 December 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>4 April 1968 </td> <td>6 March 1969 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>4 August 1967 </td> <td>14 January 1982 </td> <td>14 April 1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>21 September 1967 </td> <td>30 November 1979 </td> <td>29 February 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>25 September 1987 </td> <td>25 December 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>22 January 2002 </td> <td>22 April 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 October 1991 </td> <td>21 January 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>11 June 1993 </td> <td>11 September 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>16 August 2018 </td> <td>16 November 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>11 October 1967 </td> <td>19 August 1975 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>4 November 1980 </td> <td>4 February 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 January 1983 </td> <td>21 April 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia, The</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>22 March 1979 </td> <td>22 June 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>3 May 1994 </td> <td>3 August 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[F]</a> </td> <td>9 October 1968 </td> <td>17 December 1973 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td>7 September 2000 </td> <td>7 September 2000 </td> <td>7 December 2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>5 May 1997 </td> <td>5 August 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>6 September 1991 </td> <td>6 December 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>5 May 1992 </td> <td>5 August 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> </td> <td>28 February 1967 </td> <td>24 January 1978 </td> <td>24 April 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> </td> <td>12 September 2000 </td> <td>1 November 2010 </td> <td>1 February 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> </td> <td>22 August 1968 </td> <td>15 February 1977 </td> <td>15 May 1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>6 February 1991 </td> <td>6 May 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>19 December 1966 </td> <td>25 August 1997 </td> <td>25 November 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td>25 March 1969 </td> <td>17 January 1974 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td>30 December 1968 </td> <td>22 August 1979 </td> <td>22 November 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>10 April 1979 </td> <td>10 July 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>23 February 2006 </td> <td>23 May 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>4 April 1968 </td> <td>24 June 1975 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td>18 February 1969 </td> <td>25 January 1971 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>1 October 1973 </td> <td>8 December 1989 </td> <td>8 March 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td>19 December 1966 </td> <td>3 October 1991 </td> <td>3 January 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>18 January 1967 </td> <td>15 September 1978 </td> <td>15 December 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td>19 December 1966 </td> <td>3 October 1975 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>30 May 1978 </td> <td>21 June 1979 </td> <td>21 September 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td>30 June 1972 </td> <td>28 May 1975 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td>2 December 2003 </td> <td>24 January 2006 </td> <td>24 April 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>1 May 1972 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">Korea, North</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[G]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>14 September 1981 </td> <td>14 December 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">Korea, South</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>10 April 1990 </td> <td>10 July 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 May 1996 </td> <td>21 August 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>7 October 1994 </td> <td>7 January 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td>7 December 2000 </td> <td>25 September 2009 </td> <td>25 December 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>14 April 1992 </td> <td>14 July 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>3 November 1972 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>9 September 1992 </td> <td>9 December 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> </td> <td>18 April 1967 </td> <td>22 September 2004 </td> <td>22 December 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>15 May 1970 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>10 December 1998 </td> <td>10 March 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>20 November 1991 </td> <td>10 February 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td>26 November 1974 </td> <td>18 August 1983 </td> <td>18 November 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a><a href="#cite_note-former_Yugoslavia-103">[C]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>18 January 1994 </td> <td>17 September 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> </td> <td>17 September 1969 </td> <td>21 June 1971 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>22 December 1993 </td> <td>22 March 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>19 September 2006 </td> <td>19 December 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>16 July 1974 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>13 September 1990 </td> <td>13 December 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>12 March 2018 </td> <td>12 June 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>17 November 2004 </td> <td>17 February 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>12 December 1973 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>23 March 1981 </td> <td>23 June 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>26 January 1993 </td> <td>26 April 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/29px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/38px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td>26 June 1997 </td> <td>28 August 1997 </td> <td>28 November 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td> <td>5 June 1968 </td> <td>18 November 1974 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a><a href="#cite_note-former_Yugoslavia-103">[C]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>23 October 2006 </td> <td>3 June 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>19 January 1977 </td> <td>3 May 1979 </td> <td>3 August 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 July 1993 </td> <td>21 October 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>28 November 1994 </td> <td>28 February 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>14 May 1991 </td> <td>14 August 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td>25 June 1969 </td> <td>11 December 1978 </td> <td>11 March 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td>12 November 1968 </td> <td>28 December 1978 </td> <td>28 March 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>12 March 1980 </td> <td>12 June 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>7 March 1986 </td> <td>7 June 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>29 July 1993 </td> <td>29 October 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td>20 March 1968 </td> <td>13 September 1972 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>17 April 2008 </td> <td>23 June 2010 </td> <td>23 September 2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>2 April 2014 </td> <td>2 July 2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>27 July 1976 </td> <td>8 March 1977 </td> <td>8 June 1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 July 2008 </td> <td>21 October 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>10 June 1992 </td> <td>10 September 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>11 August 1977 </td> <td>28 April 1978 </td> <td>28 July 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>19 December 1966 </td> <td>23 October 1986 </td> <td>23 January 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>2 March 1967 </td> <td>18 March 1977 </td> <td>18 June 1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><a href="#cite_note-Macau-108">[H]</a> </td> <td>7 October 1976 </td> <td>15 June 1978 </td> <td>15 September 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 May 2018 </td> <td>21 August 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>27 June 1968 </td> <td>9 December 1974 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>18 March 1968 </td> <td>16 October 1973 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>16 April 1975 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>9 November 1981 </td> <td>9 February 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>15 February 2008 </td> <td>15 May 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/31px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>18 October 1985 </td> <td>18 January 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> </td> <td>31 October 1995 </td> <td>10 January 2017 </td> <td>10 April 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td>6 July 1970 </td> <td>13 February 1978 </td> <td>13 May 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><a href="#cite_note-former_Yugoslavia-103">[C]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>12 March 2001 </td> <td>27 April 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>5 May 1992 </td> <td>5 August 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>23 August 1996 </td> <td>23 November 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a><a href="#cite_note-Czechoslovakia-105">[E]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>28 May 1993 </td> <td>1 January 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><a href="#cite_note-former_Yugoslavia-103">[C]</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>6 July 1992 </td> <td>6 October 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>24 January 1990 </td> <td>24 April 1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td>3 October 1994 </td> <td>10 December 1998 </td> <td>10 March 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>5 February 2024 </td> <td>5 May 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td>28 September 1976 </td> <td>27 April 1977 </td> <td>27 July 1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>11 June 1980 </td> <td>11 September 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>18 March 1986 </td> <td>18 June 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>28 December 1976 </td> <td>28 March 1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Swaziland</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>26 March 2004 </td> <td>26 June 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>29 September 1967 </td> <td>6 December 1971 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>18 June 1992 </td> <td>18 September 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 April 1969 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>4 January 1999 </td> <td>4 April 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>11 June 1976 </td> <td>11 September 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>29 October 1996 </td> <td>29 January 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>24 May 1984 </td> <td>24 August 1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 December 1978 </td> <td>21 March 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td>30 April 1968 </td> <td>18 March 1969 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>15 August 2000 </td> <td>23 September 2003 </td> <td>23 December 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>1 May 1997 </td> <td>1 August 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>21 June 1995 </td> <td>21 September 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>20 March 1968 </td> <td>12 November 1973 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-Hong_Kong-109">[I]</a> </td> <td>16 September 1968 </td> <td>20 May 1976 </td> <td>20 August 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td>5 October 1977 </td> <td>8 June 1992 </td> <td>8 September 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td>21 February 1967 </td> <td>21 May 1967 </td> <td>23 March 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>28 September 1995 </td> <td>28 December 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> </td> <td>29 November 2007 </td> <td>21 November 2008 </td> <td>21 February 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>24 June 1969 </td> <td>10 May 1978 </td> <td>10 August 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>24 September 1982 </td> <td>24 December 1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>9 February 1987 </td> <td>9 May 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>10 April 1984 </td> <td>10 July 1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>13 May 1991 </td> <td>13 August 1991 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="States_not_party_to_the_Covenant">States not party to the Covenant</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: States not party to the Covenant">edit</a>]</div> Most states in the world are parties to the ICCPR. As of 2024, the following 24 states have not become party to it, while six states have signed the Covenant but not ratified it.<a href="#cite_note-UNTS-102">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signatories_that_have_signed_and_not_ratified">Signatories that have signed and not ratified</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Signatories that have signed and not ratified">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Signed </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><a href="#cite_note-Macau-108">[H]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hong_Kong-109">[I]</a> </td> <td>5 October 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> </td> <td>25 September 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>28 February 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> </td> <td>12 November 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> </td> <td>20 September 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td> <td>22 September 2011 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States_which_are_neither_signatories_nor_parties">States which are neither signatories nor parties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: States which are neither signatories nor parties">edit</a>]</div> <ol><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonmembers_of_the_UN">Nonmembers of the UN</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Nonmembers of the UN">edit</a>]</div> <ol><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[J]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> (through the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>)<a href="#cite_note-111">[K]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">United Nations Human Rights Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories" title="United Nations list of non-self-governing territories">United Nations list of non-self-governing territories</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_66" class="extiw" title="s:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 66">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 66 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_1514_(XV)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV)">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_1541_(XV)" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_1654_(XVI)" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1654 (XVI)">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1654 (XVI)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-upper-alpha" style="column-width: close;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Article 49 allowed that the covenant would enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of the thirty-fifth instrument of ratification or accession </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-former_Yugoslavia-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-former_Yugoslavia_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_Yugoslavia_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_Yugoslavia_103-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_Yugoslavia_103-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_Yugoslavia_103-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_Yugoslavia_103-5">f</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> signed the Covenant on 8 August 1967 and ratified it on 2 June 1971; it entered into force for Yugoslavia on 23 March 1976. Following the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>, the following states located in the former Yugoslavia made declarations regarding that status of the Covenant with regard to themselves: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> – On 1 September 1993, it declared that the Covenant was in force for it since 6 March 1992.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> – On 12 March 2001, it declared that the Covenant was in force for it since 27 April 1992. On 4 February 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro, and on 3 June 2006 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> succeeded Serbia and Montenegro. Therefore, for Serbia, the Covenant has retroactively been in force since 27 April 1992.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a> – On 18 January 1994, it declared that the Covenant was in force for it since 17 September 1991.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> – On 23 October 2006, it declared that the Covenant was in force for it since 3 June 2006.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Although Cambodia signed the Covenant when it was known as Democratic Kampuchea, it filed an instrument of accession, not ratification, on 26 May 1992. </li> <li id="cite_note-Czechoslovakia-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Czechoslovakia_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Czechoslovakia_105-1">b</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> signed the Covenant on 7 October 1968 and ratified it on 23 December 1975; it entered into force for Czechoslovakia on 23 March 1976. Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a>, the <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> declared on 22 February 1993 that the Covenant was in force for it since 1 January 1993 and <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> declared on 28 May 1993 that the Covenant was also in force for it since 1 January 1993. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> signed the Covenant on 23 March 1973 and ratified it on 8 November 1973; it entered into force for East Germany on 23 March 1976. Following the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunification of Germany</a> on 3 October 1990, East Germany ceased to exist. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> On 25 August 1997, North Korea notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that it was withdrawing from the Covenant. However, the Secretary-General still considers North Korea a state party to the Covenant because the Covenant does not allow for withdrawal and therefore withdrawal would only be possible if all other states parties allowed it, which has not occurred. </li> <li id="cite_note-Macau-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Macau_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macau_108-1">b</a> Portugal extended the territorial application of the Covenant to Macau on 27 April 1993. On 3 December 1999, China notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that the Covenant would still be in force for <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Macau">transfer of sovereignty</a> on 20 December 1999. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hong_Kong-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hong_Kong_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hong_Kong_109-1">b</a> Both China and the United Kingdom notified the Secretary-General that the Covenant would continue to remain in force for <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong">transfer of sovereignty</a> on 1 July 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> The Republic of China signed the Covenant on 5 October 1967 but did not ratify it at the time. On 25 October 1971, it lost its United Nations membership. On 31 March 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> of the Republic of China ratified it along with the <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a>, but the deposit was rejected by the UN. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> The Vatican is not a member of the United Nations but holds observer status. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-reservations-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reservations_1-17">r</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&clang=_en">"UN Treaty Collection - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"</a>. <q>Status of ratification</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Treaty+Collection+-+International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-4%26chapter%3D4%26clang%3D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Article 53 of the ICCPR </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a> Office of the United Nations High Commissioner of Human Rights </li> <li id="cite_note-ohchr-fs2-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohchr-fs2_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohchr-fs2_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohchr-fs2_5-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080313093428/http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs2.htm">"Fact Sheet No.2 (Rev.1), The International Bill of Human Rights"</a>. UN OHCHR. June 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs2.htm">the original</a> on 13 March 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet+No.2+%28Rev.1%29%2C+The+International+Bill+of+Human+Rights&rft.pub=UN+OHCHR&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Fhtml%2Fmenu6%2F2%2Ffs2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_N.J.Roberts" class="citation web cs1">Christopher N.J.Roberts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichte-menschenrechte.de/schluesseltexte/william-h-fitzpatricks-editorials-on-human-rights-1949/">"William H. Fitzpatrick's Editorials on Human Rights (1949)"</a>. Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte. Retrieved 4 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+H.+Fitzpatrick%27s+Editorials+on+Human+Rights+%281949%29&rft.pub=Quellen+zur+Geschichte+der+Menschenrechte&rft.au=Christopher+N.J.Roberts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geschichte-menschenrechte.de%2Fschluesseltexte%2Fwilliam-h-fitzpatricks-editorials-on-human-rights-1949%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSieghart1983" class="citation book cs1">Sieghart, Paul (1983). The International Law of Human Rights. Oxford University Press. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Law+of+Human+Rights&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Sieghart&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unga-r543-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unga-r543_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unga-r543_9-1">b</a> United Nations General Assembly Resolution 543, 5 February 1952. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> United Nations General Assembly Resolution 545, 5 February 1952. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200, 16 December 1966. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> The following section summarises the text of the Covenant. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> ICCPR, Article 1.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> ICCPR, Article 1.2. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> ICCPR, Article 1.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> ICCPR, Article 2.2, 2.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> ICCPR, Article 2.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art3-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Art3_18-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art4.1-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Art4.1_19-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 4.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art4.2-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art4.2_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art4.2_20-1">b</a> ICCPR, Article 4.2. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> ICCPR, Article 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> ICCPR, Article 6.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-gc6-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gc6_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gc6_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gc6_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gc6_23-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/%28Symbol%29/84ab9690ccd81fc7c12563ed0046fae3?Opendocument">"CCPR General Comment No. 6: The right to life"</a>. UN OHCHR. 30 April 1982. Retrieved 10 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCPR+General+Comment+No.+6%3A+The+right+to+life&rft.pub=UN+OHCHR&rft.date=1982-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%2528Symbol%2529%2F84ab9690ccd81fc7c12563ed0046fae3%3FOpendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> ICCPR, Article 6.2. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> ICCPR, Article 6.5. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> ICCPR, Article 6.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art7-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art7_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art7_27-1">b</a> ICCPR, Article 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/%28Symbol%29/6924291970754969c12563ed004c8ae5?Opendocument">"CCPR General Comment No. 20: Replaces general comment 7 concerning prohibition of torture and cruel treatment or punishment"</a>. UN OHCHR. 10 March 1992. Retrieved 10 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCPR+General+Comment+No.+20%3A+Replaces+general+comment+7+concerning+prohibition+of+torture+and+cruel+treatment+or+punishment&rft.pub=UN+OHCHR&rft.date=1992-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%2528Symbol%2529%2F6924291970754969c12563ed004c8ae5%3FOpendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> ICCPR, Articles 8.1, 8.2. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> ICCPR, Article 8.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art9.1-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Art9.1_31-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 9.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art9.4-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Art9.4_32-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 9.4. </li> <li id="cite_note-gc8-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gc8_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gc8_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/%28Symbol%29/f4253f9572cd4700c12563ed00483bec?Opendocument">"CCPR General Comment No. 08: Right to liberty and security of persons"</a>. UN OHCHR. 30 June 1982. Retrieved 10 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCPR+General+Comment+No.+08%3A+Right+to+liberty+and+security+of+persons&rft.pub=UN+OHCHR&rft.date=1982-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%2528Symbol%2529%2Ff4253f9572cd4700c12563ed00483bec%3FOpendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> ICCPR, Articles 9.2, 9.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art9.3-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Art9.3_35-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 9.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art10.1-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Art10.1_36-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 10.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-gc21-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gc21_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gc21_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/%28Symbol%29/3327552b9511fb98c12563ed004cbe59?Opendocument">"General Comment No. 21: Replaces general comment 9 concerning humane treatment of persons deprived of liberty"</a>. UN OHCHR. 10 April 1992. Retrieved 10 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Comment+No.+21%3A+Replaces+general+comment+9+concerning+humane+treatment+of+persons+deprived+of+liberty&rft.pub=UN+OHCHR&rft.date=1992-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%2528Symbol%2529%2F3327552b9511fb98c12563ed004cbe59%3FOpendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art10.2-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Art10.2_38-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 10.2. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art10.3-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Art10.3_39-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 10.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art11-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Art11_40-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art14.1-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art14.1_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art14.1_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art14.1_41-2">c</a> ICCPR, Article 14.1. </li> <li id="cite_note-gc13-42"><a href="#cite_ref-gc13_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/%28Symbol%29/bb722416a295f264c12563ed0049dfbd?Opendocument">"General Comment No. 13: Equality before the courts and the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent court established by law"</a>. UN OHCHR. 13 April 1984. Retrieved 10 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Comment+No.+13%3A+Equality+before+the+courts+and+the+right+to+a+fair+and+public+hearing+by+an+independent+court+established+by+law&rft.pub=UN+OHCHR&rft.date=1984-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhchr.ch%2Ftbs%2Fdoc.nsf%2F%2528Symbol%2529%2Fbb722416a295f264c12563ed0049dfbd%3FOpendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art14.2-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Art14.2_43-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 14.2. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art14.7-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Art14.7_44-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 14.7. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art14.5-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Art14.5_45-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 14.5. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art14.6-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Art14.6_46-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 14.6. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art14.3-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Art14.3_47-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 14.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art15-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Art15_48-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art15.2-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Art15.2_49-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 15.2. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art16-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Art16_50-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art12-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Art12_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx">"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"</a>. www.ohchr.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ohchr.org&rft.atitle=International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FProfessionalInterest%2FPages%2FCCPR.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gc27-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gc27_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gc27_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gc27_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refworld.org/docid/45139c394.html">"CCPR: General Comment No. 27: Freedom of movement"</a>. UN OHCHR. 2 November 1999. Retrieved 10 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCPR%3A+General+Comment+No.+27%3A+Freedom+of+movement&rft.pub=UN+OHCHR&rft.date=1999-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F45139c394.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> ICCPR, Article 12.3. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> ICCPR, Article 12.4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art13-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Art13_55-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art17-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Art17_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Art17_56-1">b</a> ICCPR, Article 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-Toonen1-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Toonen1_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/undocs/html/vws488.htm">"Toonen v Australia Communication No. 488/1992 (1994) U.N. Doc CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992 at [8.1–8.6]"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Toonen+v+Australia+Communication+No.+488%2F1992+%281994%29+U.N.+Doc+CCPR%2FC%2F50%2FD%2F488%2F1992+at+%5B8.1%E2%80%938.6%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.umn.edu%2Fhumanrts%2Fundocs%2Fhtml%2Fvws488.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joslin1-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Joslin1_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/undocs/902-1999.html">"Joslin v New Zealand (2002) Comm. No. 902/1999 U.N. Doc. A/57/40 at 214 (2002) at [Appendix (My Lallah & Mr Scheinen)]"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joslin+v+New+Zealand+%282002%29+Comm.+No.+902%2F1999+U.N.+Doc.+A%2F57%2F40+at+214+%282002%29+at+%5BAppendix+%28My+Lallah+%26+Mr+Scheinen%29%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.umn.edu%2Fhumanrts%2Fundocs%2F902-1999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art18-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Art18_59-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art19-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Art19_60-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> ICCPR, Article 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> ICCPR, Article 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art22-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Art22_63-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art23-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Art23_64-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-Joslin2-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Joslin2_65-0">^</a> Joslin v New Zealand (2002) Comm. No. 902/1999 U.N. Doc. A/57/40 at 214 (2002) at [8.2–9.0(majority)] & [1(Lallah & Scheinen JJ] <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/undocs/902-1999.html">"Joslin v New Zealand (2002) Comm. No. 902/1999 U.N. Doc. A/57/40 at 214 (2002)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joslin+v+New+Zealand+%282002%29+Comm.+No.+902%2F1999+U.N.+Doc.+A%2F57%2F40+at+214+%282002%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.umn.edu%2Fhumanrts%2Fundocs%2F902-1999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art24-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Art24_66-0">^</a> ICCPR, Article 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-Art27-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Art27_67-0">^</a> ICCPR, Ariticle 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> OP1-ICCPR, Article 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-OHCHR_Dashboard-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OHCHR_Dashboard_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OHCHR_Dashboard_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indicators.ohchr.org/">"OHCHR Dashboard"</a>. United Nations. Retrieved 25 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OHCHR+Dashboard&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findicators.ohchr.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> OP2-ICCPR, Article 2.1 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&clang=_en">"United Nations Treaty Collection"</a>. un.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=un.org&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DIND%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-4%26chapter%3D4%26clang%3D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-umn-hrlibrary-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-umn-hrlibrary_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-umn-hrlibrary_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/usdocs/civilres.html">"U.S. reservations, declarations, and understandings, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 138 Cong. Rec. S4781-01"</a>. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. 2 April 1992. Retrieved 10 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+reservations%2C+declarations%2C+and+understandings%2C+International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights%2C+138+Cong.+Rec.+S4781-01&rft.place=Minnesota&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Human+Rights+Library&rft.date=1992-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrlibrary.umn.edu%2Fusdocs%2Fcivilres.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLupu2013" class="citation journal cs1">Lupu, Yonatan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220820121909/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/best-evidence-the-role-of-information-in-domestic-judicial-enforcement-of-international-human-rights-agreements/29C2E5E327321D6CA3202351D555F756">"Best Evidence: The Role of Information in Domestic Judicial Enforcement of International Human Rights Agreements"</a>. International Organization. 67 (3): 469–503. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS002081831300012X">10.1017/S002081831300012X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-8183">0020-8183</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15372366">15372366</a>. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Organization&rft.atitle=Best+Evidence%3A+The+Role+of+Information+in+Domestic+Judicial+Enforcement+of+International+Human+Rights+Agreements&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=469-503&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15372366%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0020-8183&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS002081831300012X&rft.aulast=Lupu&rft.aufirst=Yonatan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Finternational-organization%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fbest-evidence-the-role-of-information-in-domestic-judicial-enforcement-of-international-human-rights-agreements%2F29C2E5E327321D6CA3202351D555F756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="Act_No._186_of_2011"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2012C00726">Act No. 186 of 2011  : Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011</a>, ComLaw</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a href="#Act_No._186_of_2011">Act No. 186 of 2011</a>, Part 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="#Act_No._186_of_2011">Act No. 186 of 2011</a>, Part 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-AHRC1-77"><a href="#cite_ref-AHRC1_77-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ahrca1986373/">Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986</a> (Cth). </li> <li id="cite_note-AHRC2-78"><a href="#cite_ref-AHRC2_78-0">^</a> Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ahrca1986373/s11.html">s 11</a>(e). </li> <li id="cite_note-AHRC3-79"><a href="#cite_ref-AHRC3_79-0">^</a> Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ahrca1986373/s11.html">s 11</a>(j). </li> <li id="cite_note-AHRC4-80"><a href="#cite_ref-AHRC4_80-0">^</a> Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ahrca1986373/s11.html">s 11</a>(f)(i) – Conciliation & (ii) – Reporting. </li> <li id="cite_note-AHRC5-81"><a href="#cite_ref-AHRC5_81-0">^</a> Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ahrca1986373/s11.html">s 11</a>(n). </li> <li id="cite_note-AHRC6-82"><a href="#cite_ref-AHRC6_82-0">^</a> Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ahrca1986373/s11.html">s 11</a>(k) & (m). </li> <li id="cite_note-ACRH7-83"><a href="#cite_ref-ACRH7_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ahrca1986373/sch2.html">"Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth), schedule 2"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Human+Rights+Commission+Act+1986+%28Cth%29%2C+schedule+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fcth%2Fconsol_act%2Fahrca1986373%2Fsch2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic); Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT). </li> <li id="cite_note-HR2004-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HR2004_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HR2004_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HR2004_85-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.act.gov.au/a/2004-5/current/pdf/2004-5.pdf">"Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT)"</a> (PDF). legislation.act.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.act.gov.au&rft.atitle=Human+Rights+Act+2004+%28ACT%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.act.gov.au%2Fa%2F2004-5%2Fcurrent%2Fpdf%2F2004-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> For example, Part 4, Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT).<a href="#cite_note-HR2004-85">[83]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> For example, Part 4, Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT).<a href="#cite_note-HR2004-85">[83]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinesFaunce2012" class="citation journal cs1">Vines, Timothy; Faunce, Thomas Alured (2012). "A Bad Trip for Health-Related Human Rights: Implications of Momcilovic v the Queen (2011) 85 ALJR 957". Journal of Law and Medicine. 19 (4). Rochester, NY: 685–98. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22908613">22908613</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2257114">2257114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+Bad+Trip+for+Health-Related+Human+Rights%3A+Implications+of+Momcilovic+v+the+Queen+%282011%29+85+ALJR+957&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=685-98&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2257114%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22908613&rft.aulast=Vines&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.au=Faunce%2C+Thomas+Alured&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kavanagh-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Kavanagh_89-0">^</a> Joseph Kavanagh v. Ireland, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">United Nations Human Rights Committee</a> Communication No. 819/1998, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/undocs/819-1998.html">U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/71/D/819/1998 (2001)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2009/0051/latest/DLM1440774.html?search=ta_act_I_ac@ainf@anif_an@bn@rn_25_a&p=1">"Immigration Act 2009 No 51 (as at 06 May 2016), Public Act Part 5 Refugee and protection status determinations – New Zealand Legislation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigration+Act+2009+No+51+%28as+at+06+May+2016%29%2C+Public+Act+Part+5+Refugee+and+protection+status+determinations+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+Legislation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F2009%2F0051%2Flatest%2FDLM1440774.html%3Fsearch%3Dta_act_I_ac%40ainf%40anif_an%40bn%40rn_25_a%26p%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jdslanka.org/index.php/news-features/media/873-sri-lanka-un-treaty-invoked-to-imprison-award-winning-write">"Sri Lanka: UN treaty invoked to imprison award winning writer"</a>. www.jdslanka.org. Retrieved 2 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jdslanka.org&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka%3A+UN+treaty+invoked+to+imprison+award+winning+writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jdslanka.org%2Findex.php%2Fnews-features%2Fmedia%2F873-sri-lanka-un-treaty-invoked-to-imprison-award-winning-write&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forum-asia.org/?p=28640">"Sri Lanka: Withdraw the charges against Shakthika Sathkumara, Protect Free Expression"</a>. Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development. 10 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Lanka%3A+Withdraw+the+charges+against+Shakthika+Sathkumara%2C+Protect+Free+Expression&rft.pub=Asian+Forum+for+Human+Rights+and+Development&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forum-asia.org%2F%3Fp%3D28640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackHopkins2003" class="citation web cs1">Black, Allinda; Hopkins, June, eds. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/glossary/cov-civilpol-rights.cfm">"Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"</a>. The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. Hyde Park, New York: Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site. Retrieved 21 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Eleanor+Roosevelt+Papers&rft.atitle=Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwu.edu%2F~erpapers%2Fteachinger%2Fglossary%2Fcov-civilpol-rights.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2012" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Jamal (9 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TYEuPBAL8EoC&pg=PA95">"Hate Speech and the Demos"</a>. In Herz, Michael; Molnár, Péter (eds.). The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19109-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19109-8"><bdi>978-0-521-19109-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hate+Speech+and+the+Demos&rft.btitle=The+Content+and+Context+of+Hate+Speech%3A+Rethinking+Regulation+and+Responses&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012-04-09&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19109-8&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Jamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTYEuPBAL8EoC%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> 138 Cong. Rec. S4781-84 (1992) </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> S. Exec. Rep. No. 102-23 (1992) </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Sei Fujii v. State 38 Cal.2d 718, 242 P.2d 617 (1952); also see Buell v. Mitchell <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/274/274.F3d.337.99-4271.html">274 F.3d 337</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100517165209/http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/274/274.F3d.337.99-4271.html">Archived</a> 17 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (6th Cir., 2001) (discussing ICCPR's relationship to death penalty cases, citing to other ICCPR cases) </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, art. 19, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331 (entered into force 27 January 1980) (specifying conditions under which signatory States can offer "reservations") </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoo1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Yoo" title="John Yoo">Yoo, John C.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/facpubs/1762/">"Globalism and the Constitution: Treaties, Non-Self-Execution, and the Original Understanding"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_Review" title="Columbia Law Review">Colum. L. Rev.</a> 99 (8): 1955–2094. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1123607">10.2307/1123607</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1123607">1123607</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colum.+L.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Globalism+and+the+Constitution%3A+Treaties%2C+Non-Self-Execution%2C+and+the+Original+Understanding&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1955-2094&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1123607&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1123607%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Yoo&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.berkeley.edu%2Ffacpubs%2F1762%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> At p. 1959. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Louis Henkin, U.S. Ratification of Human Rights Treaties: The Ghost of Senator Bricker, 89 Am. J. Int'l L. 341, 346 (1995) </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Jordan J. Paust, International Law As Law of the United States 375 (2d ed. 2003) </li> <li id="cite_note-UNTS-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNTS_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNTS_102-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&clang=_en">"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Treaty_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Treaty Series">United Nations Treaty Collection</a>. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights&rft.pub=United+Nations+Treaty+Collection&rft.date=2024-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetails.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DIV-4%26chapter%3D4%26clang%3D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Covenant+on+Civil+and+Political+Rights" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx">Text of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&clang=_en">List of signatories and parties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020323100412/http://www.article2.org/">article 2</a> Bimonthly publication highlighting article 2 of the ICCPR</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/iccpr/iccpr.html">Introductory note</a> by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Tomuschat" title="Christian Tomuschat">Christian Tomuschat</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/iccpr/iccpr.html">procedural history note and audiovisual material</a> on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html">Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.un.org/avl/ls/Wedgwood_HR.html">Lecture</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wedgwood" title="Ruth Wedgwood">Ruth Wedgwood</a> entitled The Work of the United Nations Human Rights Committee: Enforcing the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legal.un.org/avl/lectureseries.html">Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law</a></li> <li>Christopher N.J. Roberts: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichte-menschenrechte.de/schluesseltexte/william-h-fitzpatricks-editorials-on-human-rights-1949/">William H. Fitzpatrick’s Editorials on Human Rights (1949)</a>, published by Arbeitskreis Menschenrechte im 20. Jahrhundert, published at "Quellen zur Geschichte der Menschenrechte"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_human_rights_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_human_rights_instruments" title="Template:International human rights instruments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_human_rights_instruments" title="Template talk:International human rights instruments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_human_rights_instruments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International human rights instruments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_human_rights_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_instruments" title="International human rights instruments">International human rights instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="Declarations,_manifestos,_and_resolutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Resolution" title="Brazilian Resolution">Brazilian Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Granting_of_Independence_to_Colonial_Countries_and_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples">Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> (UDHR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Montreal" title="Declaration of Montreal">Declaration of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Declaration of the Rights of the Child">Declaration of the Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women">Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women</a> (DEDAW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Elimination_of_Violence_Against_Women" title="Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women">Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women</a> (DEVAW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> (UNDRIP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQI%2B_rights_at_the_United_Nations" title="LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations">Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Declaration_of_the_Rights_and_Duties_of_Man" title="American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man">American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Principles_(human_rights_standards)" title="Paris Principles (human rights standards)">Paris Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a> (VDPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles" title="Yogyakarta Principles">Yogyakarta Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a> (UNDROP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="International_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_law" title="International human rights law">International law</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Granting_of_Independence_to_Colonial_Countries_and_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_against_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention against Torture">Convention against Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Political_Rights_of_Women" title="Convention on the Political Rights of Women">Convention on the Political Rights of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities">Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_All_Migrant_Workers_and_Members_of_Their_Families" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families">Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid_Convention" title="Apartheid Convention">International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_All_Persons_from_Enforced_Disappearance" title="International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance">International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Tribal_Peoples_Convention,_1989" title="Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989">Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="Regional_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maputo_Protocol" title="Maputo Protocol">Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)</a></li></ul></li> <li>European <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_for_the_Prevention_of_Torture_and_Inhuman_or_Degrading_Treatment_or_Punishment" title="European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment">Convention for the Prevention of Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Nationality" title="European Convention on Nationality">European Convention on Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framework_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_National_Minorities" title="Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities">Convention for the Protection of National Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Charter" title="European Social Charter">Social Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_preventing_and_combating_violence_against_women_and_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence">Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="American Convention on Human Rights">American Convention on Human Rights</a></li> <li>Inter-American Convention <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Convention_to_Prevent_and_Punish_Torture" title="Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture">to Prevent and Punish Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_all_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities">on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel%C3%A9m_do_Par%C3%A1_Convention" title="Belém do Pará Convention">on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeff; font-weight:normal;"><div id="International_humanitarian_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">International humanitarian law</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees">Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees" title="Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees">Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Reduction_of_Statelessness" title="Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness">Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Nations" title="Template:United Nations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Nations" title="Template talk:United Nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Nations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Nations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amina_J._Mohammed" title="Amina J. Mohammed">Amina J. Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Francis_(diplomat)" title="Dennis Francis (diplomat)"> Dennis Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Preamble to the United Nations Charter">Preamble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">selections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations">Under-Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice" title="Statute of the International Court of Justice">Statute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_elections" title="United Nations Security Council elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Presidency of the United Nations Security Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Reform of the United Nations Security Council">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">Veto power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System#Funds_and_programmes,_research_and_training_institutes,_and_other_bodies" title="United Nations System">Funds, programmes, and other bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">ITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Court_for_Sierra_Leone" title="Special Court for Sierra Leone">SCSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Capital_Development_Fund" title="United Nations Capital Development Fund">UNCDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_International_Trade_Law" title="United Nations Commission on International Trade Law">UNCITRAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Trade_and_Development" title="UN Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Global_Communications" title="United Nations Department of Global Communications">UNDGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">UNDPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">UNEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNEP_OzonAction" title="UNEP OzonAction">OzonAction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRID-Arendal" title="GRID-Arendal">UNEP/GRID-Arendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Monitoring_Centre" title="World Conservation Monitoring Centre">UNEP-WCMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">UNICRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">UNIDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations-Oceans" title="United Nations-Oceans">UN-Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNOSAT" title="UNOSAT">UNOSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">UNRISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">UNSDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">UNSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">UNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNU-CRIS" title="UNU-CRIS">UNU-CRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNU-OP" title="UNU-OP">UNU-OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Volunteers" title="United Nations Volunteers">UNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialized agencies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">WFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat offices and departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">Department of Peace Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Political_and_Peacebuilding_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs">Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Division_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights">Division for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Office at Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Office at Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Office at Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Partnerships" title="United Nations Office for Partnerships">Office for Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Internal_Oversight_Services" title="United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services">Office of Internal Oversight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" title="United Nations Office of Legal Affairs">Office of Legal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Representative_for_the_Least_Developed_Countries,_Landlocked_Developing_Countries_and_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States">Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Envoy_on_Youth" title="Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth">Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Representative_of_the_Secretary-General_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" title="Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Spokesperson_for_the_Secretary-General" title="Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General">Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace">Office on Sport for Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_organizations_by_location" title="List of United Nations organizations by location">UN organizations by location</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Members and observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations#1940s" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Founding members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Current_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Full members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Security Council Permanent members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">Permanent representatives to the UN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_permanent_representatives_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">General Assembly Observers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telegraph Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International Office of Public Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="List of United Nations peacekeeping missions">missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_governed_by_the_United_Nations" title="List of territories governed by the United Nations">governed territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">UNPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">World Heritage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">Resolutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">Security Council vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iraq" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Yemen" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>International Court of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2023 International Court of Justice judges election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2022 International Court of Justice judges election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2021 International Court of Justice judges election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2020 International Court of Justice judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2017 International Court of Justice judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2014 International Court of Justice judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2011 International Court of Justice judges election">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_General_Assembly_presidential_election" title="2016 United Nations General Assembly presidential election">General Assembly President (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2016 United Nations Security Council election">Security Council (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Nations" title="Outline of the United Nations">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advisory_Committee_of_Local_Authorities" title="United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities">Advisory Committee of Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Art Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">Security Council mural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_by_Block_(program)" title="Block by Block (program)">Block By Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_of_International_Staff_Unions_and_Associations_of_the_United_Nations_System" title="Coordinating Committee of International Staff Unions and Associations of the United Nations System">CCISUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_Nations" title="Criticism of the United Nations">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivering_as_One" title="Delivering as One">Delivering as One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Drug control treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations" title="Expulsion from the United Nations">Expulsion from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_Tempore_(magazine)" title="Ex Tempore (magazine)">Ex Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Federal_Credit_Union" title="United Nations Federal Credit Union">Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Civil_Servants%27_Associations" title="Federation of International Civil Servants' Associations">FICSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Honour_Flag" title="United Nations Honour Flag">Honour Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Nations_Initiative" title="Four Nations Initiative">Four Nations Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">Global Compact</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Decade_for_a_Culture_of_Peace_and_Non-Violence_for_the_Children_of_the_World" title="International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World">International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">International School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School_of_Hanoi" title="United Nations International School of Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interpretation_Service" title="United Nations Interpretation Service">Interpretation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer" title="United Nations laissez-passer">laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">Memorial Cemetery Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Staff_Committee" title="Military Staff Committee">Military Staff Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">Millennium Declaration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Summit" title="Millennium Summit">Millennium Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" title="Official languages of the United Nations">Official languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Postal_Administration" title="United Nations Postal Administration">Postal Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations" title="Reform of the United Nations">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Administration_of_Juvenile_Justice" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice">Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_series#United_Nations" title="Treaty series">Treaty Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Mandate" title="UN Mandate">UN Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Sacco_Ltd" title="UN Sacco Ltd">UN Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Special" title="UN Special">UN Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF_club" title="UNICEF club">UNICEF club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day">United Nations Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_in_popular_culture" title="United Nations in popular culture">United Nations in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">United Nations Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_television_film_series" title="United Nations television film series">United Nations television film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" title="Withdrawal from the United Nations">Withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_United_Nations_Associations" title="World Federation of United Nations Associations">World Federation of United Nations Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392119#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392119#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392119#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/177809719">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4202902-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81066476">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=unn20221155574&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1999014888">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263042005171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&oldid=1239609890">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&oldid=1239609890</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_instruments" title="Category:Human rights instruments">Human rights instruments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Nations_treaties" title="Category:United Nations treaties">United Nations treaties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_concluded_in_1966" title="Category:Treaties concluded in 1966">Treaties concluded in 1966</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_entered_into_force_in_1976" title="Category:Treaties entered into force in 1976">Treaties entered into force in 1976</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Treaties of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Albania" title="Category:Treaties of Albania">Treaties of Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Algeria" title="Category:Treaties of Algeria">Treaties of Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Andorra" title="Category:Treaties of Andorra">Treaties of Andorra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Angola" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola">Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Argentina" title="Category:Treaties of Argentina">Treaties of Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Armenia" title="Category:Treaties of Armenia">Treaties of Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Australia" title="Category:Treaties of Australia">Treaties of Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Austria" title="Category:Treaties of Austria">Treaties of Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Azerbaijan" title="Category:Treaties of Azerbaijan">Treaties of Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Bahamas" title="Category:Treaties of the Bahamas">Treaties of the Bahamas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Bahrain" title="Category:Treaties of Bahrain">Treaties of Bahrain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Treaties of Bangladesh">Treaties of Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Barbados" title="Category:Treaties of Barbados">Treaties of Barbados</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Belgium" title="Category:Treaties of Belgium">Treaties of Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Belize" title="Category:Treaties of Belize">Treaties of Belize</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Benin" title="Category:Treaties of Benin">Treaties of Benin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Bolivia" title="Category:Treaties of Bolivia">Treaties of Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Botswana" title="Category:Treaties of Botswana">Treaties of Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Brazil" title="Category:Treaties of Brazil">Treaties of Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria">Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Category:Treaties of Burkina Faso">Treaties of Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Burundi" title="Category:Treaties of Burundi">Treaties of Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_State_of_Cambodia" title="Category:Treaties of the State of Cambodia">Treaties of the State of Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Cameroon" title="Category:Treaties of Cameroon">Treaties of Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Canada" title="Category:Treaties of Canada">Treaties of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Cape_Verde" title="Category:Treaties of Cape Verde">Treaties of Cape Verde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Central African Republic">Treaties of the Central African Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Chad" title="Category:Treaties of Chad">Treaties of Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Chile" title="Category:Treaties of Chile">Treaties of Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_British_Hong_Kong" title="Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong">Treaties extended to British Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Portuguese_Macau" title="Category:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau">Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Colombia" title="Category:Treaties of Colombia">Treaties of Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Comoros" title="Category:Treaties of the Comoros">Treaties of the Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo">Treaties of the Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Costa_Rica" title="Category:Treaties of Costa Rica">Treaties of Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Category:Treaties of Ivory Coast">Treaties of Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Croatia" title="Category:Treaties of Croatia">Treaties of Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Treaties of Cyprus">Treaties of Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Czech Republic">Treaties of the Czech Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Category:Treaties of Czechoslovakia">Treaties of Czechoslovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_North_Korea" title="Category:Treaties of North Korea">Treaties of North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Zaire" title="Category:Treaties of Zaire">Treaties of Zaire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Denmark" title="Category:Treaties of Denmark">Treaties of Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Djibouti" title="Category:Treaties of Djibouti">Treaties of Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Dominica" title="Category:Treaties of Dominica">Treaties of Dominica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Dominican Republic">Treaties of the Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ecuador" title="Category:Treaties of Ecuador">Treaties of Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Egypt" title="Category:Treaties of Egypt">Treaties of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_El_Salvador" title="Category:Treaties of El Salvador">Treaties of El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Category:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea">Treaties of Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Eritrea" title="Category:Treaties of Eritrea">Treaties of Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Estonia" title="Category:Treaties of Estonia">Treaties of Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Category:Treaties of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia">Treaties of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Finland" title="Category:Treaties of Finland">Treaties of Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_France" title="Category:Treaties of France">Treaties of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Gabon" title="Category:Treaties of Gabon">Treaties of Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Gambia" title="Category:Treaties of the Gambia">Treaties of the Gambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Category:Treaties of Georgia (country)">Treaties of Georgia (country)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_West_Germany" title="Category:Treaties of West Germany">Treaties of West Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_East_Germany" title="Category:Treaties of East Germany">Treaties of East Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ghana" title="Category:Treaties of Ghana">Treaties of Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Greece" title="Category:Treaties of Greece">Treaties of Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Grenada" title="Category:Treaties of Grenada">Treaties of Grenada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Guatemala" title="Category:Treaties of Guatemala">Treaties of Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Guinea" title="Category:Treaties of Guinea">Treaties of Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Category:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau">Treaties of Guinea-Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Guyana" title="Category:Treaties of Guyana">Treaties of Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Haiti" title="Category:Treaties of Haiti">Treaties of Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Honduras" title="Category:Treaties of Honduras">Treaties of Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic">Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Iceland" title="Category:Treaties of Iceland">Treaties of Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_India" title="Category:Treaties of India">Treaties of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Treaties of Indonesia">Treaties of Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Pahlavi_Iran" title="Category:Treaties of Pahlavi Iran">Treaties of Pahlavi Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Category:Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq">Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Ireland" title="Category:Treaties of Ireland">Treaties of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Israel" title="Category:Treaties of Israel">Treaties of Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Italy" title="Category:Treaties of Italy">Treaties of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Jamaica" title="Category:Treaties of Jamaica">Treaties of Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Japan" title="Category:Treaties of Japan">Treaties of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Jordan" title="Category:Treaties of Jordan">Treaties of Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kazakhstan" title="Category:Treaties of Kazakhstan">Treaties of Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kenya" title="Category:Treaties of Kenya">Treaties of Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kuwait" title="Category:Treaties of Kuwait">Treaties of Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan">Treaties of Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Laos" title="Category:Treaties of Laos">Treaties of Laos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Latvia" title="Category:Treaties of Latvia">Treaties of Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Lebanon" title="Category:Treaties of Lebanon">Treaties of Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Lesotho" title="Category:Treaties of Lesotho">Treaties of Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Liberia" title="Category:Treaties of Liberia">Treaties of Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Libyan_Arab_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic">Treaties of the Libyan Arab Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Liechtenstein" title="Category:Treaties of Liechtenstein">Treaties of Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Lithuania" title="Category:Treaties of Lithuania">Treaties of Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Luxembourg" title="Category:Treaties of Luxembourg">Treaties of Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Madagascar" title="Category:Treaties of Madagascar">Treaties of Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Malawi" title="Category:Treaties of Malawi">Treaties of Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Maldives" title="Category:Treaties of the Maldives">Treaties of the Maldives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mali" title="Category:Treaties of Mali">Treaties of Mali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Malta" title="Category:Treaties of Malta">Treaties of Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mauritania" title="Category:Treaties of Mauritania">Treaties of Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mauritius" title="Category:Treaties of Mauritius">Treaties of Mauritius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mexico" title="Category:Treaties of Mexico">Treaties of Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Monaco" title="Category:Treaties of Monaco">Treaties of Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic">Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Montenegro" title="Category:Treaties of Montenegro">Treaties of Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Morocco" title="Category:Treaties of Morocco">Treaties of Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Mozambique" title="Category:Treaties of Mozambique">Treaties of Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Namibia" title="Category:Treaties of Namibia">Treaties of Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Nauru" title="Category:Treaties of Nauru">Treaties of Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Nepal" title="Category:Treaties of Nepal">Treaties of Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Netherlands" title="Category:Treaties of the Netherlands">Treaties of the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_New_Zealand" title="Category:Treaties of New Zealand">Treaties of New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Nicaragua" title="Category:Treaties of Nicaragua">Treaties of Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Niger" title="Category:Treaties of Niger">Treaties of Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Nigeria" title="Category:Treaties of Nigeria">Treaties of Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Norway" title="Category:Treaties of Norway">Treaties of Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Treaties of Pakistan">Treaties of Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Treaties of the State of Palestine">Treaties of the State of Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Palau" title="Category:Treaties of Palau">Treaties of Palau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Panama" title="Category:Treaties of Panama">Treaties of Panama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Treaties of Papua New Guinea">Treaties of Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Treaties of Paraguay">Treaties of Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Peru" title="Category:Treaties of Peru">Treaties of Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Philippines" title="Category:Treaties of the Philippines">Treaties of the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic">Treaties of the Polish People's Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Portugal" title="Category:Treaties of Portugal">Treaties of Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_South_Korea" title="Category:Treaties of South Korea">Treaties of South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Moldova" title="Category:Treaties of Moldova">Treaties of Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Category:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania">Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Treaties of the Soviet Union">Treaties of the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Rwanda" title="Category:Treaties of Rwanda">Treaties of Rwanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Category:Treaties of Saint Lucia">Treaties of Saint Lucia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Samoa" title="Category:Treaties of Samoa">Treaties of Samoa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_San_Marino" title="Category:Treaties of San Marino">Treaties of San Marino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Category:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe">Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Senegal" title="Category:Treaties of Senegal">Treaties of Senegal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro">Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Seychelles" title="Category:Treaties of Seychelles">Treaties of Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Category:Treaties of Sierra Leone">Treaties of Sierra Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Slovakia" title="Category:Treaties of Slovakia">Treaties of Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Slovenia" title="Category:Treaties of Slovenia">Treaties of Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Somali Democratic Republic">Treaties of the Somali Democratic Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Treaties of South Africa">Treaties of South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Spain" title="Category:Treaties of Spain">Treaties of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Treaties of Sri Lanka">Treaties of Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Sudan" title="Category:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan">Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Suriname" title="Category:Treaties of Suriname">Treaties of Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Eswatini" title="Category:Treaties of Eswatini">Treaties of Eswatini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Sweden" title="Category:Treaties of Sweden">Treaties of Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Treaties of Switzerland">Treaties of Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Syria" title="Category:Treaties of Syria">Treaties of Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Tajikistan" title="Category:Treaties of Tajikistan">Treaties of Tajikistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Thailand" title="Category:Treaties of Thailand">Treaties of Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_North_Macedonia" title="Category:Treaties of North Macedonia">Treaties of North Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_East_Timor" title="Category:Treaties of East Timor">Treaties of East Timor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Togo" title="Category:Treaties of Togo">Treaties of Togo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago">Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Tunisia" title="Category:Treaties of Tunisia">Treaties of Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Turkey" title="Category:Treaties of Turkey">Treaties of Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Turkmenistan" title="Category:Treaties of Turkmenistan">Treaties of Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Uganda" title="Category:Treaties of Uganda">Treaties of Uganda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Treaties of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Treaties of the United Kingdom">Treaties of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Tanzania" title="Category:Treaties of Tanzania">Treaties of Tanzania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Treaties of the United States">Treaties of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Uruguay" title="Category:Treaties of Uruguay">Treaties of Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Uzbekistan" title="Category:Treaties of Uzbekistan">Treaties of Uzbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Vanuatu" title="Category:Treaties of Vanuatu">Treaties of Vanuatu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Venezuela" title="Category:Treaties of Venezuela">Treaties of Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Treaties of Vietnam">Treaties of Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Category:Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic">Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Treaties of Yugoslavia">Treaties of Yugoslavia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Zambia" title="Category:Treaties of Zambia">Treaties of Zambia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Zimbabwe" title="Category:Treaties of Zimbabwe">Treaties of Zimbabwe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1966_in_New_York_City" title="Category:1966 in New York City">1966 in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_adopted_by_United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolutions" title="Category:Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions">Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Bermuda" title="Category:Treaties extended to Bermuda">Treaties extended to Bermuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands">Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands">Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands">Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Gibraltar" title="Category:Treaties extended to Gibraltar">Treaties extended to Gibraltar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Guernsey" title="Category:Treaties extended to Guernsey">Treaties extended to Guernsey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man">Treaties extended to the Isle of Man</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Jersey" title="Category:Treaties extended to Jersey">Treaties extended to Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Montserrat" title="Category:Treaties extended to Montserrat">Treaties extended to Montserrat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands">Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Category:Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands">Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles">Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Aruba" title="Category:Treaties extended to Aruba">Treaties extended to Aruba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands">Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_Greenland" title="Category:Treaties extended to Greenland">Treaties extended to Greenland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_British_Solomon_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands">Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_British_Honduras" title="Category:Treaties extended to British Honduras">Treaties extended to British Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_the_Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands" title="Category:Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands">Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_extended_to_West_Berlin" title="Category:Treaties extended to West Berlin">Treaties extended to West Berlin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Fiji" title="Category:Treaties of Fiji">Treaties of Fiji</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2020">Use dmy dates from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_September_2019" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2019">Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_June_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_June_2010" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from June 2010">Articles to be expanded from June 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 August 2024, at 11:44 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qg7t2","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.342","walltime":"2.888","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25725,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":349813,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":41222,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":181671,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2226.324 1 -total"," 29.33% 652.948 208 Template:Flag"," 19.82% 441.156 420 Template:Dts"," 14.01% 311.835 2 Template:Reflist"," 8.08% 179.938 23 Template:Cite_web"," 5.71% 127.092 1 Template:Lang"," 5.70% 126.966 208 Template:Flag/core"," 4.83% 107.453 1 Template:Infobox_Treaty"," 4.59% 102.213 1 Template:Infobox"," 4.02% 89.607 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.917","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14531731,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rxt7p","timestamp":"20241122140432","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q392119","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q392119","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-03T13:38:47Z","dateModified":"2024-08-10T11:44:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f1\/ICCPR-members2.PNG","headline":"treaty adopted by United Nations General Assembly in 1966"}</script> </body> </html>