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Proverbs 31 Berean Study Bible
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Proverbs 31 Berean Study Bible</title><link href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Cardo&subset=greek-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'><link rel="stylesheet" href="/chapnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="../spec.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="../cmenus/proverbs/31.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmgrkheb//proverbs/31-1.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="https://biblehub.com">Bible</a> > <a href="../">Berean Study Bible</a> > Proverbs 31</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="../menu.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../proverbs/30.htm" title="Proverbs 30">◄</a> Proverbs 31 <a href="../ecclesiastes/1.htm" title="Ecclesiastes 1">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Berean Study Bible</div><div class="chap"><div align="center"><h2>The Sayings for King Lemuel</h2></div><div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-1.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:1</b></a></h3></div><b>These are the words</b><br />This phrase introduces the passage as a direct communication, emphasizing the importance and authority of what follows. In the Hebrew text, the word for "words" is "דִּבְרֵי" (divrei), which can also mean "sayings" or "utterances." This suggests that what follows is not merely a casual conversation but a collection of teachings or instructions that hold significant weight. The use of "words" underscores the power of speech and the transmission of wisdom through verbal instruction, a common theme in the book of Proverbs.<p><b>of King Lemuel</b><br />The identity of King Lemuel is somewhat enigmatic, as he is not mentioned elsewhere in the Bible. The name "Lemuel" means "devoted to God" or "belonging to God" in Hebrew. This could imply that Lemuel is a symbolic or poetic name, possibly referring to Solomon or another king known for wisdom. The mention of a king highlights the importance of the teachings, as they are directed toward someone in a position of authority and responsibility. It also suggests that wisdom is crucial for leadership and governance.<p><b>the burden</b><br />The Hebrew word for "burden" is "מַשָּׂא" (massa), which can also be translated as "oracle" or "prophecy." This indicates that the teachings Lemuel received from his mother were not just practical advice but carried a deeper, perhaps divine, significance. The term "burden" implies a weightiness or seriousness, suggesting that the message is of great importance and should be heeded carefully. It reflects the idea that wisdom often comes with responsibility and the need to act upon it.<p><b>that his mother taught him</b><br />This phrase highlights the role of Lemuel's mother as a teacher and source of wisdom. In the ancient Near Eastern context, mothers were often the primary educators of their children, especially in matters of morality and character. The Hebrew word for "taught" is "יִּסְּרַתּוּ" (yissratu), which can also mean "instructed" or "disciplined." This suggests a process of careful and intentional teaching, emphasizing the importance of parental guidance in the development of wisdom. The mention of his mother underscores the value of maternal influence and the transmission of godly wisdom across generations. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-2.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:2</b></a></h3></div><b>What shall I say</b><br />This phrase introduces a rhetorical question, emphasizing the importance and weight of the message that follows. In Hebrew, the word "mah" (מָה) is used, which can express a sense of urgency or deep contemplation. The speaker, traditionally understood to be King Lemuel's mother, is about to impart wisdom that is both personal and divinely inspired. This opening sets the tone for a heartfelt and earnest plea, underscoring the gravity of parental guidance in the biblical tradition.<p><b>O my son</b><br />The Hebrew word for "son" is "ben" (בֵּן), a term that conveys not only biological relationship but also a deep sense of responsibility and affection. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a son was seen as a continuation of the family line and a bearer of the family's legacy. This phrase reflects the intimate bond and the profound sense of duty a parent feels towards their child, highlighting the personal nature of the wisdom being shared.<p><b>What, O son of my womb</b><br />Here, the phrase "son of my womb" emphasizes the physical and emotional connection between mother and child. The Hebrew word "beten" (בֶּטֶן) refers to the womb, symbolizing the nurturing and life-giving role of the mother. This expression serves to remind the reader of the sacredness of life and the divine role of motherhood in God's creation. It also underscores the authenticity and sincerity of the advice being given, as it comes from one who has borne and nurtured the child.<p><b>What, O son of my vows</b><br />The term "vows" in Hebrew is "neder" (נֶדֶר), which refers to a solemn promise or commitment made to God. This phrase suggests that the son is not only a biological offspring but also a child dedicated to God through a vow. It reflects the biblical practice of making vows to God, often seen in the lives of figures like Hannah, who dedicated her son Samuel to the Lord. This highlights the spiritual dimension of parenting, where children are seen as gifts from God, entrusted to parents to be raised in accordance with divine principles. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-3.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:3</b></a></h3></div><b>Do not spend your strength</b><br />The phrase "do not spend your strength" serves as a cautionary directive, urging restraint and wisdom in the allocation of one's energy and resources. The Hebrew word for "strength" here is "חֵיל" (cheil), which can also mean wealth or capability. Historically, this advice is rooted in the understanding that a man's strength is not merely physical but encompasses his influence, resources, and potential. In a conservative Christian perspective, this is a call to stewardship, emphasizing that one's God-given abilities should be used for righteous purposes and not squandered on pursuits that lead to moral or spiritual decline.<p><b>on women</b><br />The term "on women" in this context is not a blanket condemnation of women but rather a warning against engaging in relationships that are detrimental or distracting from one's divine purpose. The Hebrew word "נָשִׁים" (nashim) is used here, which simply means women, but the implication is towards relationships that are not aligned with God's will. Historically, many kings and leaders fell into ruin due to entanglements with women who led them away from their responsibilities and faith. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this serves as a reminder to seek relationships that honor God and uphold His commandments.<p><b>your vigor</b><br />"Your vigor" refers to one's vitality and life force. The Hebrew word "כֹּחַ" (koach) is used, which denotes power, strength, and ability. This phrase underscores the importance of preserving one's energy for endeavors that are constructive and aligned with God's purpose. In a historical context, leaders were often advised to channel their vigor into governance and service to their people. For Christians, this is a call to dedicate one's vigor to serving God and others, ensuring that one's life is a testament to faith and righteousness.<p><b>on those who ruin kings</b><br />The phrase "on those who ruin kings" serves as a stark warning about the potential consequences of misdirected affections and alliances. The Hebrew word "מְחָה" (mechah) means to destroy or ruin, and it highlights the destructive potential of certain relationships. Historically, many biblical kings, such as Solomon, faced downfall due to alliances and relationships that led them away from God. In a conservative Christian context, this is a caution to be vigilant about the influences in one's life, ensuring they lead towards spiritual growth rather than destruction. It is a call to seek wisdom and discernment in all relationships, prioritizing those that encourage a closer walk with God. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-4.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:4</b></a></h3></div><b>It is not for kings</b><br />The phrase emphasizes the high calling and responsibility of those in leadership. In Hebrew, the word for "kings" is "מְלָכִים" (melachim), which denotes those who have authority and governance over others. Historically, kings were seen as representatives of divine order on earth, and their actions were expected to reflect wisdom and justice. This phrase serves as a reminder that leaders are held to a higher standard and must exercise self-control and discernment.<p><b>O Lemuel</b><br />The name "Lemuel" is unique and appears only in this chapter of Proverbs. It is often interpreted as a symbolic or poetic name, possibly meaning "devoted to God" or "belonging to God." This personal address suggests a direct and intimate counsel, possibly from a mother to her son, highlighting the importance of wisdom and moral integrity in leadership.<p><b>it is not for kings to drink wine</b><br />The repetition of "it is not for kings" underscores the seriousness of the admonition. "Wine" in Hebrew is "יַיִן" (yayin), a common beverage in ancient times, often associated with celebration and relaxation. However, for kings, the consumption of wine is cautioned against due to its potential to impair judgment. The historical context reveals that leaders were expected to maintain clarity of mind to govern justly and make sound decisions.<p><b>nor for rulers to crave strong drink</b><br />The term "rulers" expands the admonition to all those in positions of authority, not just kings. "Strong drink" in Hebrew is "שֵׁכָר" (shekar), referring to fermented beverages with higher alcohol content. The word "crave" suggests a deeper issue of desire and lack of self-control. In a scriptural context, leaders are called to exhibit temperance and avoid indulgences that could lead to moral and ethical compromise. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-5.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:5</b></a></h3></div><b>lest they drink</b><br />The phrase "lest they drink" serves as a cautionary warning against the consumption of alcohol by those in positions of authority. The Hebrew root for "drink" is "shathah," which implies not just the act of drinking but the potential for overindulgence. In the historical context of ancient Israel, leaders were expected to maintain clarity of mind to execute their duties effectively. The consumption of alcohol could impair judgment, leading to decisions that are not in line with God's decrees. This serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of sobriety and vigilance, especially for those entrusted with leadership and governance.<p><b>and forget what is decreed</b><br />The word "forget" comes from the Hebrew "shakach," which means to lose memory or to neglect. In the context of this verse, it underscores the danger of neglecting divine laws and decrees due to impaired judgment. "What is decreed" refers to the established laws and commands that are meant to guide just and righteous living. Historically, decrees were often seen as divinely inspired, and forgetting them would lead to chaos and injustice. This phrase emphasizes the responsibility of leaders to remain steadfast in their commitment to uphold God's laws, ensuring that their actions reflect His will.<p><b>and deprive all the oppressed of justice</b><br />The term "deprive" is derived from the Hebrew "shanah," which means to change or alter, often with a negative connotation of taking away what is rightfully due. "All the oppressed" refers to those who are marginalized or suffering under unjust circumstances. The Hebrew word for "oppressed" is "aniy," which conveys a sense of affliction and poverty. "Justice" in Hebrew is "mishpat," a fundamental concept in the Old Testament that denotes fairness, righteousness, and the proper order of society. This phrase highlights the moral obligation of leaders to protect the vulnerable and ensure that justice is served. It serves as a powerful reminder that true leadership is marked by a commitment to equity and compassion, reflecting God's heart for the downtrodden and marginalized. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-6.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:6</b></a></h3></div><b>Give</b><br />The Hebrew word for "give" is "תְּנוּ" (tenu), which implies an intentional act of offering or providing. In the context of this verse, it suggests a deliberate and compassionate action. The act of giving here is not random but purposeful, aimed at addressing a specific need or condition. This reflects the biblical principle of generosity and care for those in distress, emphasizing the importance of discernment in our acts of kindness.<p><b>strong drink</b><br />The term "strong drink" is translated from the Hebrew word "שֵׁכָר" (shekar), which refers to fermented beverages other than wine, often with a higher alcohol content. Historically, such drinks were used for medicinal purposes or to provide relief from pain and suffering. In the ancient Near Eastern context, strong drink was sometimes used to dull the senses of those facing imminent death or severe distress, highlighting a compassionate approach to alleviating human suffering.<p><b>to one who is perishing</b><br />The phrase "one who is perishing" comes from the Hebrew "לְאוֹבֵד" (le'oved), indicating someone who is in a state of ruin or near death. This could refer to physical death or a metaphorical sense of being in a dire, hopeless situation. The instruction to give strong drink to such a person underscores a recognition of their suffering and a desire to provide comfort in their final moments, reflecting a deep empathy for the human condition.<p><b>and wine</b><br />"Wine" is translated from the Hebrew "יַיִן" (yayin), a common beverage in biblical times, often associated with joy and celebration but also used for its soothing properties. Wine, in this context, serves as a symbol of solace and relief. The Bible frequently acknowledges the dual nature of wine, capable of both gladdening the heart and providing comfort to those in distress, as seen in its use in various scriptural narratives.<p><b>to the bitter in soul</b><br />The phrase "bitter in soul" is derived from the Hebrew "לְמָרֵי נָפֶשׁ" (lemarei nefesh), describing someone experiencing deep emotional pain or anguish. This could be due to personal loss, grief, or profound disappointment. The recommendation to offer wine to such individuals suggests an understanding of the therapeutic role of community and compassion in alleviating emotional suffering. It highlights the biblical call to support and uplift those who are emotionally burdened, providing them with comfort and a sense of peace. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-7.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:7</b></a></h3></div><b>Let him drink</b><br />The phrase "let him drink" suggests a permissive action, indicating a choice or allowance for the individual to partake in drinking. In the context of ancient Hebrew culture, wine was a common beverage, often associated with celebration and relief. The Hebrew root for "drink" is "שָׁתָה" (shatah), which can imply both the act of drinking and the broader concept of partaking in something that brings temporary relief or joy. This phrase acknowledges the human tendency to seek solace in physical comforts during times of distress.<p><b>and forget his poverty</b><br />The word "forget" comes from the Hebrew "שָׁכַח" (shakach), which means to cease to care or to ignore. In this context, it suggests a temporary reprieve from the mental burden of poverty. "Poverty" here is translated from "רֵישׁ" (resh), which refers to a state of need or lack. Historically, poverty was a common plight in ancient societies, often leading to social and economic marginalization. This phrase highlights the desire for a momentary escape from the harsh realities of life, acknowledging the deep human need for relief from constant struggle.<p><b>and remember his misery no more</b><br />The term "remember" is derived from the Hebrew "זָכַר" (zakar), which means to recall or bring to mind. The phrase "his misery" refers to personal suffering or hardship, translated from "עָמָל" (amal), which encompasses toil, trouble, and sorrow. The instruction to "remember...no more" suggests a deliberate act of setting aside one's troubles, even if temporarily. In the broader scriptural context, this reflects the biblical theme of seeking peace and rest amidst life's trials, pointing to the ultimate hope and comfort found in God. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-8.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:8</b></a></h3></div><b>Open your mouth</b><br />The phrase "Open your mouth" is a call to action, urging the reader to speak out. In the Hebrew text, the word "open" is "פָּתַח" (pathach), which implies not just the physical act of opening one's mouth, but also the readiness and willingness to speak. This is a proactive command, suggesting that silence is not an option when justice is at stake. Historically, this aligns with the role of prophets and leaders in Israel who were often called to speak God's truth to the people, regardless of the personal cost.<p><b>for those with no voice</b><br />This phrase highlights the plight of the voiceless, those who cannot speak for themselves. The Hebrew word "אִלֵּם" (illem) refers to the mute or those who are unable to articulate their needs and rights. In ancient times, this would include the marginalized, such as orphans, widows, and foreigners, who lacked the social standing to defend themselves. The call to speak for them is a reflection of God's heart for justice and compassion, as seen throughout Scripture, where God consistently defends the oppressed and calls His people to do the same.<p><b>for the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction</b><br />The phrase "for the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction" underscores the urgency and gravity of the situation. The Hebrew word "בְּנֵי חֲלוֹף" (bene chaloph) can be translated as "sons of passing away" or "those who are perishing." This implies a dire situation where individuals are on the brink of ruin or death. The historical context here is significant, as it reflects the societal structures of the time where certain groups were vulnerable to exploitation and injustice. The verse calls for advocacy and intervention to prevent their destruction, aligning with the biblical mandate to protect and deliver those in peril. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-9.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:9</b></a></h3></div><b>Speak up</b><br />The Hebrew root for "speak up" is "פָּתַח" (pathach), which means to open or to let loose. In the context of this verse, it implies a call to action, urging individuals to use their voice actively and courageously. Historically, speaking up was a significant act in ancient Israelite society, where silence could imply consent or indifference. This phrase encourages believers to break the silence and advocate for truth and justice, reflecting God's own character as a defender of the oppressed.<p><b>Judge righteously</b><br />The term "judge" comes from the Hebrew "שָׁפַט" (shaphat), meaning to govern or to render a verdict. "Righteously" is derived from "צֶדֶק" (tsedeq), which signifies justice or righteousness. Together, these words emphasize the importance of fair and impartial judgment. In the biblical context, judges were expected to reflect God's justice, ensuring that their decisions were not swayed by personal bias or external pressures. This phrase calls Christians to uphold integrity and fairness in all their dealings, mirroring the divine justice that God embodies.<p><b>Defend the cause</b><br />The Hebrew word for "defend" is "רִיב" (rib), which means to contend or plead. This phrase suggests an active engagement in advocating for those who cannot advocate for themselves. In ancient times, the legal system often favored the wealthy and powerful, leaving the marginalized without a voice. This command is a reminder of the biblical mandate to protect and support the vulnerable, aligning with the broader scriptural theme of God's concern for justice and mercy.<p><b>Of the poor and needy</b><br />"Poor" is translated from "עָנִי" (ani), and "needy" from "אֶבְיוֹן" (evyon). Both terms describe individuals who are economically disadvantaged and socially marginalized. Throughout the Bible, God expresses a profound concern for the poor and needy, repeatedly instructing His people to care for them. This phrase underscores the Christian duty to prioritize the needs of the less fortunate, reflecting the heart of God who is described as a refuge for the oppressed and a provider for the destitute. <div align="center"><h2>The Virtues of a Noble Woman</h2></div><div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-10.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:10</b></a></h3></div><b>A wife of noble character</b><br />The Hebrew phrase here is "אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל" (eshet chayil), which can be translated as "woman of valor" or "woman of strength." This phrase sets the tone for the entire passage, emphasizing the virtues and moral strength of a godly woman. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a woman's role was often confined to the household, yet this phrase elevates her status, recognizing her as a person of significant influence and capability. The term "chayil" is also used in other parts of the Old Testament to describe warriors and men of great strength, underscoring the idea that a woman of noble character possesses a strength that is both moral and spiritual.<p><b>who can find?</b><br />This rhetorical question suggests the rarity and value of such a woman. In a world where virtue can often be overshadowed by superficial qualities, the question challenges the reader to recognize and seek out true character. The implication is that a wife of noble character is not easily found, and her worth is beyond measure. This echoes the wisdom literature's theme of seeking and valuing wisdom and virtue above all else.<p><b>She is far more precious than rubies</b><br />The comparison to rubies, known for their beauty and rarity, highlights the immense value of a virtuous woman. In ancient times, rubies were considered one of the most precious stones, often associated with wealth and status. By stating that a woman of noble character is "far more precious," the verse elevates her worth above material wealth. This aligns with the biblical principle that spiritual and moral qualities are of greater value than earthly possessions. The imagery of precious stones also connects to other scriptural references where wisdom and understanding are likened to treasures, reinforcing the idea that a godly woman's worth is immeasurable and enduring. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-11.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:11</b></a></h3></div><b>The heart of her husband</b><br />In the Hebrew text, the word for "heart" is "לֵב" (lev), which often signifies the inner self, including emotions, thoughts, and will. In ancient Hebrew culture, the heart was considered the seat of intellect and emotion. The phrase "the heart of her husband" suggests a deep, intimate connection between the husband and wife, where the husband’s innermost feelings and thoughts are involved. This reflects the biblical ideal of marriage as a union where both partners are deeply intertwined emotionally and spiritually.<p><b>trusts in her</b><br />The Hebrew word for "trusts" is "בָּטַח" (batach), which conveys a sense of confidence and security. In the context of marriage, this trust is foundational, indicating that the husband has complete confidence in his wife’s abilities, character, and faithfulness. This trust is not merely about reliability in daily tasks but extends to a profound assurance in her moral and spiritual integrity. Historically, this trust would have been essential in a society where the household was a central unit of economic and social life.<p><b>and he will lack nothing of value</b><br />The phrase "lack nothing of value" in Hebrew is "וְשָׁלָל לֹא יֶחְסָר" (veshalal lo yechsar). "Shalal" refers to spoil or gain, often used in the context of war to describe the bounty taken after a victory. Here, it metaphorically represents the abundance and prosperity that result from the wife’s diligence and wisdom. The husband’s lack of nothing valuable underscores the idea that a virtuous wife contributes significantly to the well-being and prosperity of the household. In a broader biblical context, this reflects the blessings that come from living according to God’s wisdom and design for family life. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-12.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:12</b></a></h3></div><b>She brings him good</b><br />The phrase "She brings him good" highlights the proactive and positive influence of a virtuous woman in the life of her husband. The Hebrew word for "good" here is "טוֹב" (tov), which encompasses a broad spectrum of meanings including welfare, prosperity, and moral goodness. In the context of ancient Israel, a wife who brings "good" to her husband is one who contributes to the well-being and prosperity of the household. This reflects the biblical ideal of a supportive and nurturing partnership, where the wife actively seeks the best for her husband, aligning with the broader scriptural theme of mutual respect and love within marriage.<p><b>and not harm</b><br />The phrase "and not harm" serves as a contrast to the previous statement, emphasizing the absence of negative actions or intentions. The Hebrew word for "harm" is "רָע" (ra), which can mean evil, distress, or adversity. In the cultural and historical context of the Bible, a wife who refrains from bringing "harm" is one who avoids actions that could lead to discord or misfortune. This aligns with the biblical principle of living peaceably and fostering harmony within the family unit. The virtuous woman is portrayed as a source of stability and peace, ensuring that her actions do not lead to strife or division.<p><b>all the days of her life</b><br />The phrase "all the days of her life" underscores the consistency and lifelong commitment of the virtuous woman to her husband. This is not a temporary or conditional behavior but a steadfast dedication that spans her entire life. In the Hebrew context, this reflects the covenantal nature of marriage, which is intended to be a lifelong union. The phrase suggests that the virtuous woman’s commitment to bringing good and avoiding harm is unwavering, reflecting the enduring nature of true love and faithfulness as taught in the Scriptures. This lifelong dedication is a testament to her character and the strength of her relationship with her husband, serving as an inspirational model for Christian marriages. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-13.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:13</b></a></h3></div><b>She selects wool and flax</b><br />The phrase "She selects wool and flax" highlights the industrious and discerning nature of the virtuous woman. In the Hebrew text, the word for "selects" is "דָּרְשָׁה" (darshah), which implies a careful and diligent seeking or choosing. This suggests that the woman is not haphazard in her choices but exercises wisdom and discernment. Wool and flax were essential materials in ancient times, used for making clothing and textiles. Wool, derived from sheep, was a staple for warmth and durability, while flax, from which linen is made, was valued for its coolness and comfort. The virtuous woman’s ability to select these materials indicates her knowledge of quality and her commitment to providing for her household.<p><b>and works with eager hands</b><br />The phrase "and works with eager hands" emphasizes the diligence and enthusiasm with which the virtuous woman approaches her tasks. The Hebrew word for "works" is "וַתַּעֲשֶׂה" (vata'aseh), which conveys action and productivity. Her hands are described as "eager," translated from the Hebrew "בְּחֵפֶץ" (bechephetz), meaning with delight or pleasure. This suggests that her work is not burdensome but is performed with joy and willingness. The imagery of "eager hands" reflects a heart that is committed to her responsibilities and finds fulfillment in her labor. This attitude is a model of the Christian work ethic, where work is seen as a form of worship and service to God and others. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-14.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:14</b></a></h3></div><b>She is like the merchant ships</b><br />This phrase draws a vivid comparison between the virtuous woman and merchant ships. In ancient times, merchant ships were essential for trade and commerce, often traveling great distances to bring back valuable goods. The Hebrew word for "merchant" (סֹחֵר, socher) implies a sense of diligence, skill, and resourcefulness. The virtuous woman is likened to these ships because she is industrious and proactive, seeking out the best for her household. Her efforts are not limited to her immediate surroundings; she goes beyond, much like the ships that traverse the seas, to ensure her family is well-provided for. This comparison highlights her wisdom and foresight, qualities that are esteemed in a conservative Christian perspective as reflective of a godly character.<p><b>bringing her food from afar</b><br />The act of bringing food from afar signifies the woman's commitment to providing the best for her family, regardless of the effort required. The Hebrew word for "food" (לֶחֶם, lechem) often refers to sustenance or provision, encompassing more than just physical nourishment. It suggests a holistic approach to caring for her household, ensuring that their needs are met in a comprehensive manner. The phrase "from afar" indicates her willingness to go the extra mile, both literally and figuratively, to secure what is beneficial and enriching. This reflects a deep sense of responsibility and love, as she does not settle for what is merely convenient but seeks out what is excellent. In a historical context, this would have involved significant effort and planning, underscoring her dedication and perseverance. From a scriptural standpoint, this mirrors the Christian call to diligence and stewardship, as believers are encouraged to work heartily as unto the Lord (<a href="/colossians/3-23.htm">Colossians 3:23</a>). The virtuous woman's actions serve as an inspiration to pursue excellence and faithfulness in all endeavors. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-15.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:15</b></a></h3></div><b>She rises while it is still night</b><br />This phrase highlights the diligence and industrious nature of the virtuous woman. The Hebrew word for "rises" is "קוּם" (qum), which implies a deliberate action, a readiness to face the tasks of the day. In ancient times, rising before dawn was a sign of dedication and commitment, as it required sacrifice and discipline. The phrase "while it is still night" underscores her willingness to work beyond the typical hours, reflecting a heart of service and responsibility. This can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual vigilance, encouraging believers to be proactive in their faith and responsibilities.<p><b>to provide food for her household</b><br />The Hebrew word for "provide" is "נָתַן" (natan), meaning to give or bestow. This indicates not just the act of feeding but a thoughtful provision, ensuring that the needs of her family are met. "Food" in this context is "טֶרֶף" (teref), which can also mean prey or sustenance, suggesting that she actively seeks out what is necessary for her household's well-being. The term "household" refers to all those under her care, emphasizing her role as a nurturer and provider. Historically, the household was the center of economic and social life, and her ability to manage it effectively was crucial.<p><b>and portions for her maidservants</b><br />The word "portions" is "חֹק" (choq), which can mean a statute or prescribed share. This implies fairness and justice in her dealings, ensuring that everyone receives their due. The term "maidservants" is "נַעֲרָה" (na'arah), referring to young women or female servants. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, servants were considered part of the extended household, and their well-being was a reflection of the household's prosperity and the character of its leader. By providing for her maidservants, the virtuous woman demonstrates compassion and leadership, recognizing the value and dignity of every individual in her care. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-16.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:16</b></a></h3></div><b>She considers</b><br />The Hebrew word for "considers" is "zamam," which implies a thoughtful and deliberate action. This suggests that the virtuous woman is not impulsive but rather exercises wisdom and discernment. In a historical context, this reflects the importance of careful planning and decision-making, especially in a patriarchal society where women's roles were often limited. Her ability to consider reflects her intelligence and capability, aligning with the biblical theme of wisdom found throughout Proverbs.<p><b>a field</b><br />The term "field" in Hebrew is "sadeh," which can refer to a piece of land or territory. In ancient Israel, owning and managing land was a significant responsibility and a sign of wealth and stability. This indicates that the woman is involved in substantial economic activities, challenging the stereotype of women being confined to domestic roles. Her engagement with the field symbolizes her active participation in providing for her household and contributing to the community's prosperity.<p><b>and buys it</b><br />The Hebrew word "laqach" means to take or acquire. This action of buying a field demonstrates her financial acumen and independence. In a historical context, this was a remarkable feat, as women typically did not engage in property transactions. Her ability to buy a field signifies trust in her judgment and her role as a steward of resources, reflecting the biblical principle of wise stewardship.<p><b>From her earnings</b><br />"Earnings" in Hebrew is "peri," which literally means "fruit." This metaphorical use of "fruit" suggests that her income is the result of her labor and diligence. It highlights the biblical principle that hard work and industriousness lead to tangible rewards. Her earnings are not merely financial but also represent the fruitfulness of her efforts and the blessings of God upon her work.<p><b>she plants a vineyard</b><br />The act of planting a vineyard, "nata" in Hebrew, is a long-term investment requiring patience and care. Vineyards were valuable assets in ancient times, providing wine, a staple in the diet and economy. This action underscores her foresight and commitment to future prosperity. It also symbolizes spiritual fruitfulness, as vineyards are often used in Scripture to represent abundance and blessing. Her initiative in planting a vineyard reflects her dedication to nurturing and growing her family's resources, embodying the virtues of diligence and foresight. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-17.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:17</b></a></h3></div><b>She girds herself with strength</b><br />The phrase "She girds herself with strength" speaks to the proactive and intentional preparation of the virtuous woman. The Hebrew word for "girds" is "חָגַר" (chagar), which means to bind or encircle. In ancient times, girding oneself was a preparatory action, often done before engaging in work or battle. This imagery suggests that the woman is not passive but actively prepares herself for the tasks ahead. The "strength" here is not merely physical but encompasses moral and spiritual fortitude. In a conservative Christian perspective, this strength is derived from her faith and reliance on God, enabling her to fulfill her roles with diligence and resilience.<p><b>and shows that her arms are strong</b><br />The continuation "and shows that her arms are strong" emphasizes the visible evidence of her strength. The Hebrew word for "strong" is "אַמִּיץ" (amitz), which conveys the idea of being firm, courageous, and resolute. This strength is not just for personal benefit but is demonstrated in her ability to care for her household and community. Her arms symbolize her capacity to work and serve, reflecting the industrious nature of the <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a> woman. In a historical context, this would have been particularly significant, as women in ancient times often engaged in physically demanding tasks. From a scriptural standpoint, her strength is a testament to her character and dedication, serving as an inspiration for believers to cultivate their own spiritual and moral strength through faith and action. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-18.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:18</b></a></h3></div><b>She sees</b><br />The Hebrew word for "sees" is "טָעֲמָה" (ta'amah), which implies a deep understanding or discernment. This suggests that the virtuous woman possesses wisdom and insight, allowing her to evaluate her efforts and recognize their value. In a spiritual sense, this discernment is a gift from God, enabling her to make decisions that align with His will. Her ability to "see" is not just physical but spiritual, reflecting a heart attuned to God's guidance.<p><b>that her gain is good</b><br />The term "gain" comes from the Hebrew "סַחְרָהּ" (sachrah), which refers to profit or merchandise. This indicates that her efforts, whether in business, household management, or spiritual endeavors, yield positive results. The word "good" (טוֹב, tov) in Hebrew encompasses not only material success but also moral and spiritual goodness. Her gain is not merely financial but also reflects her integrity and righteousness, aligning with the biblical principle that true prosperity is holistic, encompassing all aspects of life.<p><b>her lamp is not extinguished at night</b><br />The "lamp" symbolizes guidance, wisdom, and the presence of God. In ancient times, a lamp provided light in the darkness, representing vigilance and preparedness. The Hebrew word for "lamp" is "נֵר" (ner), which is often used metaphorically in Scripture to denote life and divine truth. The phrase "not extinguished at night" suggests her diligence and perseverance. Even in the darkest times, her faith and commitment to her responsibilities remain steadfast. This imagery also reflects the eternal light of Christ within her, which cannot be dimmed by the challenges of life. Her unwavering dedication serves as an inspiration to remain faithful and diligent, trusting in God's provision and strength. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-19.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:19</b></a></h3></div><b>She stretches out her hands</b><br />This phrase highlights the industrious nature of the virtuous woman described in <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a>. The Hebrew word for "stretches out" is "שָׁלַח" (shalach), which conveys a sense of intentionality and purpose. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this action signifies diligence and a proactive approach to work. The hands symbolize strength and capability, emphasizing that the woman is not idle but actively engaged in productive tasks. This imagery serves as an inspiration for believers to approach their own responsibilities with dedication and vigor.<p><b>to the distaff</b><br />The "distaff" is a tool used in spinning, holding the unspun fibers, such as wool or flax, before they are twisted into thread. The Hebrew word "כִּישׁוֹר" (kishor) refers to this implement, which was a common household item in ancient times. The mention of the distaff underscores the domestic skills and resourcefulness of the woman. In a broader sense, it reflects the value of preparing and providing for one's household, a principle that resonates with the biblical call to stewardship and care for one's family.<p><b>and grasps the spindle</b><br />The "spindle" is another tool used in the spinning process, essential for twisting fibers into thread. The Hebrew term "פֶּלֶךְ" (pelek) is used here, indicating the woman's expertise and proficiency in her craft. Grasping the spindle suggests a firm hold and control, symbolizing competence and mastery. This action can be seen as a metaphor for taking hold of one's duties and responsibilities with confidence and skill, a reminder for believers to pursue excellence in all endeavors.<p><b>with her fingers</b><br />The use of "fingers" highlights the precision and dexterity required in the spinning process. The Hebrew word "אֶצְבַּע" (etsba) emphasizes the meticulous and careful nature of the work. This detail illustrates the woman's attention to detail and her commitment to quality. In a spiritual sense, it encourages believers to approach their tasks with care and precision, recognizing that even the smallest actions can have significant impact. The fingers, as instruments of action, remind us of the importance of using our God-given talents to serve others and glorify God. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-20.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:20</b></a></h3></div><b>She opens her arms</b><br />The phrase "She opens her arms" suggests a posture of welcome and generosity. In the Hebrew text, the word "opens" (פּוֹרֶשֶׂת, poreṣet) conveys an action of spreading out or extending. This imagery reflects a heart that is not closed off or selfish but is instead ready to embrace and support others. Historically, the act of opening one's arms is a universal gesture of acceptance and love, indicating a willingness to share one's resources and blessings with others. This aligns with the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and being a steward of God's provisions.<p><b>to the poor</b><br />The term "poor" (לֶעָנִי, le'ani) in Hebrew refers to those who are afflicted, humble, or in need. In ancient Israel, the poor were often marginalized and lacked social support. The <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a> woman, however, actively seeks to assist them, embodying the biblical mandate to care for the less fortunate. This reflects the heart of God, who is described throughout Scripture as a defender of the poor and needy. Her actions serve as a model for believers to follow, emphasizing the importance of compassion and social justice.<p><b>and reaches out her hands</b><br />"Reaches out her hands" implies intentionality and effort. The Hebrew verb used here (שָׁלַח, shalach) means to send forth or extend. This suggests that the <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a> woman does not wait passively for opportunities to help but actively seeks them out. Her hands symbolize her willingness to work and serve, demonstrating that true charity involves personal involvement and sacrifice. This proactive approach to helping others is a key aspect of Christian discipleship, encouraging believers to be the hands and feet of Christ in the world.<p><b>to the needy</b><br />The word "needy" (לָאֶבְיוֹן, la'evyon) refers to those who are destitute or lacking basic necessities. In the cultural context of the Bible, the needy were often dependent on the kindness of others for survival. The <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a> woman's outreach to the needy highlights her understanding of God's command to care for the vulnerable. This reflects the broader biblical narrative, where God repeatedly calls His people to act justly and love mercy. Her example challenges Christians to look beyond their own circumstances and extend grace and support to those in dire situations. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-21.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:21</b></a></h3></div><b>When it snows</b><br />The phrase "when it snows" evokes a sense of preparation for harsh and challenging conditions. In the ancient Near East, snow was not a common occurrence, but it symbolized the cold and difficult times that could arise unexpectedly. The Hebrew word for snow, "שֶׁלֶג" (sheleg), is used metaphorically to represent adversity. The virtuous woman is prepared for any eventuality, demonstrating foresight and wisdom, qualities highly esteemed in biblical literature.<p><b>she has no fear</b><br />The absence of fear indicates a profound trust and confidence in God's provision and her own diligent preparations. The Hebrew word "פָּחַד" (pachad) for fear suggests a deep-seated anxiety or dread. The virtuous woman’s lack of fear is a testament to her faith and the peace that comes from knowing she has done her part to care for her family. This reflects the biblical principle found in <a href="/proverbs/3-25.htm">Proverbs 3:25-26</a>, where trust in the Lord dispels fear.<p><b>for her household</b><br />The term "household" refers to all those under her care, including family members and servants. The Hebrew word "בֵּיתָהּ" (beithah) encompasses not just the physical structure of the home but the people within it. The virtuous woman’s concern extends beyond herself, highlighting her selflessness and the biblical ideal of stewardship and responsibility for others, as seen in <a href="/1_timothy/5-8.htm">1 Timothy 5:8</a>.<p><b>for all of them</b><br />This phrase emphasizes inclusivity and comprehensive care. The virtuous woman ensures that every member of her household is provided for, reflecting the biblical mandate to love and care for others as oneself (<a href="/mark/12-31.htm">Mark 12:31</a>). Her actions are a practical demonstration of the love and diligence that characterize a life lived in accordance with God’s wisdom.<p><b>are clothed</b><br />The act of clothing signifies protection and provision. In biblical times, clothing was a basic necessity, and providing it was a sign of care and responsibility. The Hebrew word "לָבַשׁ" (lavash) implies not just the physical act of dressing but also the provision of security and dignity. This mirrors the spiritual truth that God clothes His people with righteousness (<a href="/isaiah/61-10.htm">Isaiah 61:10</a>).<p><b>in scarlet</b><br />Scarlet, or "שָׁנִי" (shani) in Hebrew, is a color associated with wealth, status, and warmth. It suggests that the virtuous woman provides not just the bare necessities but does so with excellence and beauty. Scarlet was a costly dye, indicating that she spares no expense in caring for her family. This reflects the biblical principle of doing all things as unto the Lord, with excellence and care (<a href="/colossians/3-23.htm">Colossians 3:23</a>). <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-22.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:22</b></a></h3></div><b>She makes coverings for her bed</b><br />This phrase highlights the industrious and resourceful nature of the virtuous woman. The Hebrew word for "coverings" is "מרבדים" (marbadim), which can refer to tapestries or bedspreads, indicating a sense of beauty and care in her household. In ancient times, such coverings were not only functional but also a sign of wealth and status. The act of making these coverings herself suggests diligence and a personal investment in the comfort and aesthetics of her home. It reflects a broader biblical principle of stewardship and the value of hard work, as seen in <a href="/proverbs/31-13.htm">Proverbs 31:13</a>, where she "works with willing hands."<p><b>her clothing is fine linen and purple</b><br />The mention of "fine linen" and "purple" signifies luxury and nobility. "Fine linen" (שש, shesh) was a high-quality fabric often associated with priestly garments and the tabernacle, as seen in <a href="/exodus/39-27.htm">Exodus 39:27-29</a>. It symbolizes purity and righteousness. "Purple" (ארגמן, argaman) was a dye extracted from sea snails, making it extremely expensive and a symbol of royalty and wealth. This suggests that the virtuous woman is not only industrious but also carries herself with dignity and grace. Her attire reflects her inner character and the honor she brings to her household. Historically, purple garments were worn by kings and those of high status, as seen in <a href="/judges/8-26.htm">Judges 8:26</a> and <a href="/daniel/5-7.htm">Daniel 5:7</a>, emphasizing the esteem in which she is held. This aligns with the biblical theme of a woman of valor, whose worth is "far more than rubies" (<a href="/proverbs/31-10.htm">Proverbs 31:10</a>). <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-23.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:23</b></a></h3></div><b>Her husband</b><br />The phrase "her husband" refers to the spouse of the virtuous woman described in <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a>. In Hebrew, the word for husband is "אִישׁ" (ish), which can also mean "man." This indicates a position of authority and respect within the family and community. The husband’s identity is closely tied to the character and reputation of his wife, suggesting that her virtues reflect positively on him.<p><b>is known</b><br />The Hebrew word for "is known" is "נודע" (noda), which implies being recognized or acknowledged. This suggests that the husband’s reputation is well-established and respected. His recognition is not just within his household but extends to the broader community, indicating a life lived with integrity and honor.<p><b>at the city gate</b><br />The "city gate" was a central place in ancient Near Eastern cities, serving as a hub for legal matters, business transactions, and social gatherings. It was where elders and leaders met to discuss and make decisions. The mention of the city gate highlights the public nature of the husband’s reputation and his involvement in civic affairs.<p><b>where he sits</b><br />The act of sitting at the city gate implies a position of authority and participation in governance. In ancient times, sitting was a posture of teaching and judgment, indicating that the husband is not merely present but actively engaged in leadership and decision-making.<p><b>among the elders</b><br />The "elders" were respected leaders and decision-makers within the community. In Hebrew, the word is "זְקֵנִים" (zekenim), which denotes those with wisdom and experience. The husband’s association with the elders suggests that he is considered wise and capable, trusted to contribute to the welfare of the community.<p><b>of the land</b><br />The phrase "of the land" emphasizes the broader scope of the husband’s influence and reputation. It suggests that his standing is not limited to a single city or community but extends throughout the region. This reflects the widespread impact of a life lived in accordance with God’s principles. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-24.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:24</b></a></h3></div><b>She makes linen garments and sells them, and supplies the merchants with sashes</b><br /><b>She makes linen garments</b><br />The phrase "she makes" indicates industriousness and skill. In the Hebrew context, the word for "makes" (עָשָׂה, asah) implies not just creation but also craftsmanship and diligence. Linen garments were highly valued in ancient times, symbolizing purity and wealth. Linen, derived from the flax plant, required significant labor to produce, reflecting the woman's dedication and expertise. This industriousness is a model for Christian diligence and stewardship, emphasizing the value of hard work and skill in one's vocation.<p><b>and sells them</b><br />The act of selling indicates entrepreneurial spirit and economic acumen. In the ancient Near Eastern context, women engaging in commerce were seen as resourceful and capable. The Hebrew word for "sells" (מָכַר, makar) suggests a transaction that benefits both parties, highlighting the woman's ability to contribute economically to her household. This aligns with the biblical principle of stewardship, where one's talents and resources are used wisely for the benefit of others and the glory of God.<p><b>and supplies the merchants</b><br />The word "supplies" (נָתַן, natan) in Hebrew conveys the idea of giving or providing, suggesting generosity and reliability. Merchants, or "Canaanites" in some translations, were traders who traveled extensively, indicating that her products were of high quality and in demand. This reflects the biblical virtue of integrity in business, where one's work is done with excellence and honesty, earning a reputation that honors God.<p><b>with sashes</b><br />Sashes were decorative and functional, used to gird garments and signify status. The Hebrew word for "sashes" (חֲגוֹרָה, chagorah) implies something that binds or secures, symbolizing strength and preparedness. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a metaphor for being girded with truth and righteousness, as described in <a href="/ephesians/6-14.htm">Ephesians 6:14</a>. The woman's ability to produce and supply such items underscores her role as a provider and protector, mirroring the Christian call to be prepared and equipped for every good work. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-25.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:25</b></a></h3></div><b>Strength and dignity</b><br />The phrase "Strength and dignity" in <a href="/proverbs/31-25.htm">Proverbs 31:25</a> speaks to the virtuous character of the woman described in this passage. The Hebrew word for "strength" is "ʿōz," which conveys not just physical might but also moral fortitude and resilience. This strength is not merely about physical capabilities but encompasses a spiritual and emotional robustness that enables her to face life's challenges with confidence. "Dignity," translated from the Hebrew "hādār," implies honor, splendor, and a sense of nobility. It suggests that her character is marked by a regal bearing, reflecting the image of God in her life. Together, these qualities highlight a woman who is empowered by her faith and whose life is a testament to the virtues of godliness and integrity.<p><b>are her clothing</b><br />The metaphor of "clothing" in this context is significant. In ancient times, clothing was not only a necessity but also a symbol of one's status and identity. By stating that strength and dignity are her clothing, the verse implies that these virtues are not superficial adornments but integral to her identity. They are as essential to her as the garments she wears, enveloping her in a way that defines her presence and actions. This imagery suggests that her inner qualities are visible to others, much like clothing is visible to the eye, and they serve as her true adornment, more valuable than any material garment.<p><b>and she laughs</b><br />The phrase "and she laughs" conveys a sense of joy and confidence. The Hebrew word "śāḥaq" can mean to laugh, rejoice, or play. This laughter is not one of frivolity but of assurance and peace. It reflects a heart that is at rest, knowing that her strength and dignity, rooted in her faith, equip her to face whatever the future holds. Her laughter is an expression of her trust in God's providence and her freedom from anxiety about what is to come.<p><b>at the days to come</b><br />The expression "at the days to come" speaks to the future, which is often uncertain and filled with potential challenges. The Hebrew phrase "yôm ʾaḥărôn" refers to the latter days or future times. This woman’s ability to laugh at the future indicates her preparedness and confidence. She is not fearful or anxious about what lies ahead because her life is built on the solid foundation of faith and virtue. Her trust in God and her diligent stewardship of her responsibilities give her a hopeful outlook, allowing her to face the future with joy and anticipation rather than fear. This perspective is a powerful testament to the peace that comes from living a life aligned with God's wisdom and purposes. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-26.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:26</b></a></h3></div><b>She opens her mouth</b><br />This phrase signifies intentionality and purpose in communication. In the Hebrew context, the act of opening one's mouth is not merely about speaking but about delivering something of value. The Hebrew word "pāṯaḥ" implies an opening that is deliberate and thoughtful. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, speech was a powerful tool, and the act of opening one's mouth was often associated with the delivery of important messages or teachings. This phrase sets the stage for the quality of what follows, emphasizing that what is about to be spoken is worth hearing.<p><b>with wisdom</b><br />The Hebrew word for wisdom, "ḥoḵmāh," encompasses not only knowledge but also the skillful application of that knowledge in daily life. In the biblical context, wisdom is often associated with a deep understanding of God's will and the ability to live in accordance with it. This wisdom is not merely intellectual but is practical and moral, guiding one's actions and decisions. The woman described in this verse speaks with wisdom, indicating that her words are grounded in a deep understanding of life and godliness, reflecting the fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom (<a href="/proverbs/9-10.htm">Proverbs 9:10</a>).<p><b>and faithful instruction</b><br />The phrase "faithful instruction" comes from the Hebrew word "tôrāh," which is often translated as "law" or "teaching." In this context, it refers to guidance that is reliable and trustworthy. The instruction given is not only faithful in the sense of being true and accurate but also in being consistent with the teachings of God. This reflects a commitment to truth and integrity, ensuring that the guidance provided is aligned with divine principles. The woman’s instruction is dependable, offering a foundation upon which others can build their lives.<p><b>is on her tongue</b><br />The imagery of instruction being "on her tongue" suggests readiness and immediacy. The tongue, in biblical literature, is often seen as a powerful instrument capable of both blessing and cursing (<a href="/james/3-9.htm">James 3:9-10</a>). Here, it is used for blessing, as the woman is prepared to offer guidance and wisdom at any moment. This readiness indicates a life steeped in wisdom and understanding, where the heart and mind are so aligned with God's truth that the words naturally flow from her lips. Her speech is not only wise but also timely, providing encouragement and direction when needed. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-27.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:27</b></a></h3></div><b>She watches over</b><br />The Hebrew word for "watches over" is "tsaphah," which conveys the idea of keeping watch, guarding, or observing with care. This term is often used in the context of a watchman on a city wall, vigilantly scanning the horizon for any sign of danger. In the context of <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a>, it suggests a proactive and attentive oversight, emphasizing the diligence and responsibility of the virtuous woman. She is not passive but actively engaged in ensuring the well-being and smooth operation of her household.<p><b>the affairs of her household</b><br />The phrase "affairs of her household" refers to the management and stewardship of the home. In ancient Israel, the household was the basic unit of society, encompassing not just the immediate family but also servants and extended family members. The Hebrew word "bayith" for "household" implies a place of dwelling, but it also signifies the people within it. The virtuous woman is portrayed as a wise and capable manager, ensuring that all aspects of her home life are in order, from the physical needs to the spiritual and emotional well-being of those under her care.<p><b>and does not eat</b><br />The phrase "does not eat" is a metaphorical expression indicating that the woman does not partake in or indulge in something. In this context, it suggests abstaining from laziness or inactivity. The Hebrew verb "akal" means to consume or devour, and here it implies a conscious choice to avoid the pitfalls of idleness. This choice reflects her commitment to productivity and purposefulness in her daily life.<p><b>the bread of idleness</b><br />"Idleness" is translated from the Hebrew word "atsluth," which denotes laziness, slothfulness, or inactivity. Bread, a staple of life, symbolizes sustenance and provision. Thus, "the bread of idleness" represents the sustenance gained through inactivity or lack of effort. The virtuous woman is commended for her industrious nature, as she seeks to contribute meaningfully to her household and community. Her refusal to "eat the bread of idleness" underscores her dedication to living a life of purpose and diligence, aligning with the broader biblical principle that encourages hard work and stewardship of one's resources and talents. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-28.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:28</b></a></h3></div><b>Her children</b><br />The phrase "Her children" refers to the offspring of the virtuous woman described in <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a>. In Hebrew, the word for children is "בָּנִים" (banim), which can mean sons or descendants. This highlights the importance of family and lineage in ancient Israelite culture. Children were seen as a blessing from God, and their behavior and success were often viewed as a reflection of their mother's character and teachings. In a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the role of a mother in nurturing and guiding her children in the ways of the Lord, emphasizing the biblical principle of training up a child in the way they should go (<a href="/proverbs/22-6.htm">Proverbs 22:6</a>).<p><b>rise up</b><br />The phrase "rise up" suggests an action of respect and honor. In Hebrew, the word "קוּם" (qum) is used, which means to stand or arise. This action signifies the children's acknowledgment of their mother's virtues and their readiness to honor her. In ancient cultures, standing in someone's presence was a sign of respect and reverence. This imagery conveys the deep respect and admiration the children have for their mother, recognizing her tireless efforts and godly character.<p><b>and call her blessed</b><br />To "call her blessed" is to speak well of her, to acknowledge her virtues and the blessings she brings to their lives. The Hebrew word for blessed is "אַשְׁרֵי" (ashrei), which conveys a sense of happiness, fortune, and being favored by God. This reflects the biblical understanding that a virtuous life leads to blessings, not only for the individual but also for those around them. In a conservative Christian view, this phrase emphasizes the reward of a godly life, where the fruits of one's labor and character are recognized and celebrated by one's family.<p><b>Her husband also</b><br />The inclusion of "Her husband also" highlights the partnership and mutual respect within a godly marriage. The husband, as the head of the household in biblical times, also acknowledges and praises his wife's virtues. This reflects the biblical ideal of a harmonious marriage where both partners honor and uplift each other. In a conservative Christian context, this underscores the importance of a supportive and loving relationship, where both husband and wife fulfill their God-given roles and responsibilities.<p><b>and he praises her</b><br />The phrase "and he praises her" indicates the husband's vocal acknowledgment of his wife's virtues. The Hebrew word "הָלַל" (halal) means to praise or boast. This public declaration of praise not only affirms the wife's character but also sets an example for others in the community. In a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the importance of affirming and valuing one's spouse, recognizing their contributions and godly character, and fostering a culture of honor and respect within the family and community. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-29.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:29</b></a></h3></div><b>Many daughters</b><br />The phrase "many daughters" refers to numerous women, highlighting the vast number of virtuous women throughout history. In the Hebrew context, "daughters" (בָּנוֹת, banot) can signify not only biological daughters but also women in general, emphasizing the collective achievements of women who embody wisdom and virtue. This phrase sets the stage for a comparison, acknowledging the widespread presence of noble women.<p><b>have done nobly</b><br />The Hebrew word for "nobly" (חָיִל, chayil) is rich in meaning, often translated as "valor," "strength," or "excellence." It conveys a sense of moral and spiritual strength, as well as capability and honor. Historically, this term was used to describe warriors or people of great influence and integrity. In the context of <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a>, it underscores the commendable actions and character of these women, who have lived lives of purpose and righteousness.<p><b>but you</b><br />This phrase introduces a contrast, drawing attention to the subject of the verse. The "you" here is singular, indicating a specific woman who stands out among the many. It personalizes the commendation, suggesting a direct and intimate acknowledgment of her unique virtues. This distinction elevates her above the general commendation given to the "many daughters."<p><b>surpass them all</b><br />The Hebrew root for "surpass" (עָלָה, alah) means to ascend or rise above. This phrase signifies that the woman being addressed exceeds all others in her noble qualities. It is a superlative statement, emphasizing her exceptional character and deeds. In the scriptural context, this surpassing nature is not merely about external accomplishments but also about inner spiritual beauty and wisdom. The phrase serves as a powerful affirmation of her unparalleled virtue, encouraging readers to aspire to such excellence in their own lives. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-30.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:30</b></a></h3></div><b>Charm is deceptive</b><br />The Hebrew word for "charm" is "chen," which can also be translated as "grace" or "favor." In the context of this verse, it refers to outward allure or attractiveness that can mislead or create a false impression. Historically, charm has been seen as a quality that can be used to manipulate or deceive, as it often focuses on external appearances rather than internal virtues. The Bible frequently warns against being swayed by superficial qualities, emphasizing the importance of inner character. This phrase serves as a reminder that what may seem appealing on the surface can often mask deeper, less desirable traits.<p><b>and beauty is fleeting</b><br />The word "beauty" in Hebrew is "yophi," which denotes physical attractiveness. The term "fleeting" is translated from "hevel," often used in Ecclesiastes to mean "vanity" or "breath," suggesting something transient and insubstantial. This phrase underscores the temporary nature of physical beauty, which fades with time. In the ancient world, as today, beauty was highly prized, yet the Bible consistently teaches that it is not a reliable foundation for one's worth or identity. This serves as a caution against placing too much value on physical appearance, which is temporary and ultimately insignificant in the grand scheme of life.<p><b>but a woman who fears the LORD</b><br />The phrase "fears the LORD" comes from the Hebrew "yare' Yahweh," which implies a deep reverence and respect for God. This fear is not about being afraid but about acknowledging God's power, authority, and holiness. In the biblical context, fearing the Lord is the beginning of wisdom (<a href="/proverbs/9-10.htm">Proverbs 9:10</a>) and is associated with living a life that honors God through obedience and faithfulness. This phrase highlights the contrast between temporary, external qualities and the enduring, internal quality of godliness. A woman who fears the Lord prioritizes her relationship with God above all else, which is the true measure of her worth.<p><b>is to be praised</b><br />The Hebrew word for "praised" is "halal," which means to commend or celebrate. In the biblical context, praise is often directed towards God, but here it is used to acknowledge the value and virtue of a godly woman. This phrase suggests that true honor and recognition come from living a life that reflects God's character and values. In a world that often celebrates superficial qualities, this verse calls for a celebration of those who embody spiritual depth and integrity. It serves as an encouragement to seek and acknowledge the qualities that are truly praiseworthy in God's eyes. <div align="center"><h3><a href="/proverbs/31-31.htm"><b>Proverbs 31:31</b></a></h3></div><b>Give her</b><br />The phrase "Give her" implies a recognition and acknowledgment of the woman's efforts and contributions. In the Hebrew context, the word "give" (נָתַן, natan) often conveys the idea of granting or bestowing something of value. This suggests that the woman described in <a href="/proverbs/31.htm">Proverbs 31</a> is deserving of honor and reward for her diligence and virtue. In a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a call to appreciate and honor the godly women in our lives, recognizing their contributions to family, church, and society.<p><b>the fruit of her hands</b><br />The "fruit of her hands" symbolizes the tangible results of her labor and industriousness. In Hebrew, "fruit" (פְּרִי, peri) often denotes productivity and the outcomes of one's efforts. This imagery is deeply rooted in the agrarian culture of ancient Israel, where the harvest was a direct result of one's hard work. Theologically, it reflects the biblical principle that diligent work leads to reward, as seen in passages like <a href="/galatians/6-7.htm">Galatians 6:7</a>, "A man reaps what he sows." This phrase encourages believers to value and reward the hard work and dedication of women who contribute significantly to their families and communities.<p><b>and let her works praise her</b><br />The phrase "let her works praise her" emphasizes that her actions and achievements speak for themselves. The Hebrew word for "works" (מַעֲשֶׂה, ma'aseh) refers to deeds or accomplishments. In the biblical context, praise (הָלַל, halal) is often associated with public acknowledgment and celebration. This suggests that the virtuous woman's life and deeds naturally lead to recognition and respect. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this underscores the importance of living a life of integrity and service, where one's actions reflect their faith and values, leading to a testimony that glorifies God.<p><b>at the gates</b><br />The "gates" in ancient Israelite society were not just physical entry points to a city but also places of social and legal transactions, where elders and leaders gathered to make decisions and conduct business. The Hebrew word for "gates" (שַׁעַר, sha'ar) signifies a place of authority and public discourse. Thus, the woman's works being praised "at the gates" indicates that her influence and reputation extend beyond her household into the broader community. In a conservative Christian context, this highlights the impact that a godly woman can have in society, serving as a role model and leader whose virtues are recognized and celebrated publicly.</div></div><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">This is a draft of the Berean Study Bible. 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