CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Vanadium - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"6c5ef948-5f8f-40bd-8911-69652c2f6bee","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Vanadium","wgTitle":"Vanadium","wgCurRevisionId":6197311,"wgRevisionId":6197311,"wgArticleId":38833,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa secara jelas menyebut bahasa Melayu (bahasa makro)","Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes","Rencana dengan pengenalan BNF","Rencana dengan pengenalan GND","Rencana dengan pengenalan J9U","Rencana dengan pengenalan LCCN","Rencana dengan pengenalan NDL","Rencana dengan pengenalan NKC","Rencana dengan pengenalan NARA","Vanadium","Logam peralihan","Mineral diet","Unsur kimia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Vanadium","wgRelevantArticleId":38833,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q722","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert", "ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/V%2C23.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="622"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/V%2C23.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="415"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="332"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Vanadium - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Vanadium rootpage-Vanadium skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Vanadium" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Vanadium" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Vanadium" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Vanadium" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat-sifat_utama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat-sifat_utama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sifat-sifat utama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sifat_utama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Penggunaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peranan_biologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peranan_biologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Peranan biologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peranan_biologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Peranan biologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Peranan_biologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tambahan_Mineral_dalam_Air_Minuman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tambahan_Mineral_dalam_Air_Minuman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tambahan Mineral dalam Air Minuman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tambahan_Mineral_dalam_Air_Minuman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kewujudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kewujudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kewujudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kewujudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengasingan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengasingan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pengasingan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengasingan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sebatian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebatian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sebatian</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sebatian-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sebatian</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sebatian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ketoksikan_Sebatian_Vanadium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ketoksikan_Sebatian_Vanadium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ketoksikan Sebatian Vanadium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ketoksikan_Sebatian_Vanadium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Isotop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Langkah_pengawasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Langkah_pengawasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Langkah pengawasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Langkah_pengawasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanadium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 151 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AB%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ቫናዲየም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቫናዲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="فاناديوم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاناديوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vanadio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Վանադին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վանադին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Vanadiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vanadiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="भ्यानडियम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भ्यानडियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ভ্যানাডিয়াম – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভ্যানাডিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Ванадый – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ванадый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ванад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ванад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="वैनेडियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वैनेडियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banadyo" title="Banadyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Banadyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝེ་ནི་ཌིམ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝེ་ནི་ཌིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vanadij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiom" title="Vanadiom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vanadiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vanadi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadyo" title="Vanadyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vanadyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanad" title="Vanad – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vanad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Vanadiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanadiwm" title="Fanadiwm – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fanadiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ڤاناديوم – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڤاناديوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%AD%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ވެނޭޑިއަމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވެނޭޑިއަމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaadium" title="Vanaadium – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vanaadium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βανάδιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βανάδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vanadio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanado" title="Vanado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vanado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banadio" title="Banadio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Banadio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="وانادیم – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وانادیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vanadi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaidiam" title="Vanaidiam – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vanaidiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaadjum" title="Vanaadjum – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Vanaadjum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhanadium" title="Bhanadium – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bhanadium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vanadio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="વેનેડિયમ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વેનેડિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ванад – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ванад" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%82%98%EB%93%90" title="바나듐 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바나듐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Վանադիում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վանադիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="वनेडियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वनेडियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vanadij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanado" title="Vanado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vanado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UVathofi" title="UVathofi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UVathofi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanad%C3%ADn" title="Vanadín – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vanadín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vanadio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ונדיום – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ונדיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiyum" title="Vanadiyum – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vanadiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanad%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Fanadɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fanadɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ವನಾಡಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವನಾಡಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ვანადიუმი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვანადიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiom" title="Vanadiom – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Vanadiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vanadi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandel" title="Vandel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Vandel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanady%C3%B2m" title="Vanadyòm – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vanadyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanady%C3%BBm" title="Vanadyûm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Vanadyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%C4%81dijs" title="Vanādijs – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vanādijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadis" title="Vanadis – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vanadis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaddio" title="Vanaddio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vanaddio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrvanadi" title="jinmrvanadi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrvanadi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vanadio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%C3%A1dium" title="Vanádium – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vanádium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ванадиум – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ванадиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadi%C3%B4ma" title="Vanadiôma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vanadiôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="വനേഡിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വനേഡിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="व्हेनेडियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हेनेडियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="فاناديوم – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فاناديوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ванади – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ванади" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ванади – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ванади" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဗနေဒီယမ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗနေဒီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimapantepoztli" title="Cimapantepoztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cimapantepoztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="भ्यानडियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भ्यानडियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="バナジウム – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バナジウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanaadium" title="Wanaadium – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wanaadium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vanadi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ଭାନାଡ଼ିଅମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାନାଡ଼ିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiy" title="Vanadiy – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vanadiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਵੈਨੇਡੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੈਨੇਡੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="भ्यानडियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="भ्यानडियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ونیڈیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ونیڈیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%94%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဗနဒီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗနဒီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="وانېديوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وانېديوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vanadi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanad" title="Wanad – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wanad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%C3%A1dio" title="Vanádio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vanádio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vanadiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanatyu" title="Wanatyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wanatyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="वनडियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वनडियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%C3%A0diu" title="Vanàdiu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Vanàdiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiumi" title="Vanadiumi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vanadiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vanadiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%C3%A1d" title="Vanád – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vanád" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vanadij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanadhiyaam" title="Fanadhiyaam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fanadhiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ڤانادیۆم – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤانادیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Ванадијум – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ванадијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadijum" title="Vanadijum – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vanadijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vanadium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadiini" title="Vanadiini – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vanadiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadin" title="Vanadin – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vanadin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadyo" title="Vanadyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vanadyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வனேடியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வனேடியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="వెనేడియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెనేడియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="วาเนเดียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วาเนเดียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vanadi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ванадий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ванадий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A5%E1%8E%BB" title="ᏩᏁᏗᎥᎻ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏩᏁᏗᎥᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadyum" title="Vanadyum – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vanadyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Ванадій – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ванадій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="وینیڈیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وینیڈیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A" title="ۋانادىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋانادىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadii" title="Vanadii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vanadii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%A9" title="釩 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釩" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadyo" title="Vanadyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vanadyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="וואנאדיום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואנאדיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banadiomu" title="Banadiomu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Banadiomu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%A9" title="釩 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⴱⴰⵏⴰⴷⵢⵓⵎ – Tamazight Maghribi Standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴱⴰⵏⴰⴷⵢⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maghribi Standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q722#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Vanadium" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Vanadium" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Vanadium" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&oldid=6197311" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Vanadium&id=6197311&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVanadium"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVanadium"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Vanadium"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vanadium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vanadium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q722" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table align="right" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">23</span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding-left:2em"><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a></span> ← <span style="font-size:120%">vanadium</span> → <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:95%">-</span><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">V</span><br />↓<br /><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a></span> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:V-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/V-TableImage.svg/300px-V-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/V-TableImage.svg/450px-V-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/V-TableImage.svg/600px-V-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="202" /></a></span><div align="right"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">Umum </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nama" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nama">Nama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_simbol" title="Senarai unsur mengikut simbol">Simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nombor" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nombor">Nombor</a> </td> <td>vanadium, V, 23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siri_kimia" title="Siri kimia">Siri kimia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan">logam peralihan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_Jadual_Berkala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan Jadual Berkala">Kumpulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kala_Jadual_Berkala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kala Jadual Berkala">Kala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_Jadual_Berkala" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok Jadual Berkala">Blok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_5" title="Unsur kumpulan 5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_4" title="Unsur kala 4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">d</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warna" title="Warna">Rupa</a></td> <td>logam kelabu keputihan<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:V,23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/V%2C23.jpg/125px-V%2C23.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/V%2C23.jpg/188px-V%2C23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/V%2C23.jpg/250px-V%2C23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="311" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jisim atom</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E-26_kg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E-26 kg (laman tidak wujud)">50.9415</a><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_jisim_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut jisim atom">(1)</a> g/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Konfigurasi elektron</td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>] 3d<sup>3</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bilangan elektron per petala</td> <td>2, 8, 11, 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">Sifat fizikal </th></tr> <tr> <td>Keadaan</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solid (laman tidak wujud)">solid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ketumpatan" title="Ketumpatan">Ketumpatan</a> (sekitar <a href="/wiki/Suhu_bilik" title="Suhu bilik">suhu bilik</a>)</td> <td>6.0 g/cm³ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ketumpatan cecair pada takat lebur</td> <td>5.5 g/cm³ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Takat_lebur" title="Takat lebur">Takat lebur</a></td> <td>2183 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><br />(1910 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>, 3470 °<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Takat didih</td> <td>3680 K <p>(3407 °C, 6165 °F) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Haba pelakuran</td> <td>21.5 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Haba pengewapan</td> <td>459 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muatan haba</td> <td>(25 °C) 24.89 J/(mol·K) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_wap" title="Tekanan wap">Tekanan wap</a> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><i>P</i>/Pa</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>100</td> <td>1 k</td> <td>10 k</td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>pada <i>T</i>/K</td> <td>2101</td> <td>2289</td> <td>2523</td> <td>2814</td> <td>3187</td> <td>3679 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">Sifat atom </th></tr> <tr> <td>Struktur hablur</td> <td>kubus berpusat jasad </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keadaan_pengoksidaan" title="Keadaan pengoksidaan">Keadaan pengoksidaan</a></td> <td>2, 3, 4, <b>5</b><br />(oksida <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amfoterik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amfoterik (laman tidak wujud)">amfoterik</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Keelektronegatifan</td> <td>1.63 (skala Pauling) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Tenaga_pengionan" title="Tenaga pengionan">Tenaga pengionan</a> </td> <td>pertama: 650.9 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>kedua: 1414 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>ketiga: 2830 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jejari atom</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_E-10_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-10 m">135</a> pm </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jejari atom (kiraan)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_E-10_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-10 m">171</a> pm </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jejari kovalen</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_E-10_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-10 m">125</a> pm </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">Lain-lain </th></tr> <tr> <td>Sifat kemagnetan</td> <td>??? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rintangan elektrik</td> <td>(20 °C) 197 nΩ·m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keberkonduktan_haba" class="mw-redirect" title="Keberkonduktan haba">Keberkonduktan haba</a></td> <td>(300 K) 30.7 W/(m·K) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pengembangan terma</td> <td>(25 °C) 8.4 µm/(m·K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelajuan_bunyi" title="Kelajuan bunyi">Kelajuan bunyi</a> (rod halus)</td> <td>(20 °C) 4560 <a href="/w/index.php?title=M/s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M/s (laman tidak wujud)">m/s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Modulus Young</td> <td>128 GPa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Modulus ricih</td> <td>47 GPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modulus_pukal" title="Modulus pukal">Modulus pukal</a></td> <td>160 GPa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nisbah Poisson</td> <td>0.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Skala kekerasan Mohs</td> <td>7.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kekerasan Vickers</td> <td>628 MPa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kekerasan Brinell</td> <td>628 MPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nombor_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombor CAS">Nombor CAS</a></td> <td>7440-62-2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black">Isotop </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_semulajadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan semulajadi">NA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Separuh_hayat" title="Separuh hayat">separuh hayat</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cara_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cara reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DM</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenaga_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenaga reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DE</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_volt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron volt (laman tidak wujud)">MeV</a>)</small> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasil_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasil reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>48</sup>V </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioisotop_sintetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioisotop sintetik (laman tidak wujud)">syn</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E6_s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E6 s (laman tidak wujud)">15.9735 d</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawanan_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawanan elektron (laman tidak wujud)">ε</a>+<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancaran_positron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pancaran positron (laman tidak wujud)">β<sup>+</sup></a> </td> <td>4.0123 </td> <td><sup>48</sup><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>49</sup>V </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioisotop_sintetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioisotop sintetik (laman tidak wujud)">syn</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E7_s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E7 s (laman tidak wujud)">330 d</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawanan_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawanan elektron (laman tidak wujud)">ε</a> </td> <td>0.6019 </td> <td><sup>49</sup><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><sup>50</sup>V </td> <td rowspan="2">0.25% </td> <td rowspan="2">1.5×10<sup>17</sup><a href="/w/index.php?title=Year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Year (laman tidak wujud)">y</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawanan_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawanan elektron (laman tidak wujud)">ε</a> </td> <td>2.2083 </td> <td><sup>50</sup><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pancaran_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancaran beta">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>1.0369 </td> <td><sup>50</sup><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>51</sup>V </td> <td>99.75% </td> <td colspan="4">V <a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> dengan 28 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#ffc0c0; color:black"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elements_data_references">Rujukan</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vanadium</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Jawi" title="Tulisan Jawi">Jawi</a>: <span dir="rtl" style="font-size:100%;">‏<span title="Melayu (bahasa makro)-language text"><span lang="ms"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5953951">.mw-parser-output .script-Adlm{font-family:"Noto Sans Adlam"}.mw-parser-output .script-Aghb{font-family:"Noto Sans Caucasian Albanian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ahom{font-family:"Noto Serif Ahom"}.mw-parser-output .script-Arab{font-family:"Scheherazade New",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh",Harmattan,"Arabic Typesetting","Traditional Arabic","Simplified Arabic","Times New Roman",Arial,"Sakkal Majalla","Microsoft Uighur",Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .script-Armi{font-family:"Aramaic VIIBCE","Aramaic Imperial Yeb","Noto Sans Imperial Aramaic","Everson Mono","EversonMono","Unifont Upper CSUR","Unifont","Quivira","sans-serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Armn{font-family:"Segoe UI","Noto Sans Armenian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Avst{font-family:"Noto Sans Avestan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bali{font-family:"Tantular Bali","Aksara Bali","Noto Serif Balinese","Noto Sans Balinese"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bamu{font-family:"Noto Sans Bamum"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bass{font-family:"Noto Sans Bassa Vah"}.mw-parser-output .script-Batk{font-family:Pangururan,"Noto Sans Batak","Batak-Unicode","Batak Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Beng{font-family:"Noto Serif Bengali","Noto Sans Bengali"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bhks{font-family:"Noto Sans Bhaiksuki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bopo{font-family:"Noto Sans CJK TC"}.mw-parser-output .script-Brah{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Brahmi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Brai{font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bugi{font-family:"LontaraOT","Saweri","Leelawadee UI","Noto Sans Buginese","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Buhd{font-family:"Quivira","Noto Sans Buhid","Code2000","Sun-ExtA"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cakm{font-family:"Noto Sans Chakma"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cans{font-family:"Euphemia","Noto Sans Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cari{font-family:"Noto Sans Carian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cham{font-family:"Noto Sans Cham"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cher{font-family:Gadugi,"Noto Sans Cherokee"}.mw-parser-output .script-Chrs{font-family:"Noto Sans Chorasmian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Copt{font-family:"New Athena Unicode","MPH 2B Damase","FreeSerif","Arial Coptic","Quivira","Analecta","Antinoou","Sophia Nubian","Noto Sans Coptic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cpmn{font-family:"Noto Sans Cypro Minoan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot","Code2001"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrl{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","BukyVede","Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT","Dilyana","Menaion","Menaion Medieval","Lazov","Code2000","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","Code2001","FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase","Thryomanes","Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Deva{font-family:"Siddhanta","Sanskrit Text","Nirmala UI","Noto Serif Devanagari","Noto Sans Devanagari","Mangal"}.mw-parser-output .script-Diak{font-family:"Noto Serif Dives Akuru"}.mw-parser-output .script-Dogr{font-family:"Noto Serif Dogra"}.mw-parser-output .script-Dsrt{font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Sans Deseret"}.mw-parser-output .script-Dupl{font-family:"Noto Sans Duployan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Egyp{font-family:"Aegyptus","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Elba{font-family:"Noto Sans Elbasan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Elym{font-family:"Noto Sans Elymaic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ethi{font-family:"Abyssinica SIL","Noto Sans Ethiopic","Ebrima"}.mw-parser-output .script-Geok{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","Kelvinch","Noto Sans Georgian","Noto Serif Georgian","Sylfean","Segoe WP","Segoe UI",Quivira,"MPH 2B Damase"}.mw-parser-output .script-Geor{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","Kelvinch","Noto Sans Georgian","Noto Serif Georgian","Sylfean","Segoe WP","Segoe UI","Quivira","MPH 2B Damase"}.mw-parser-output .script-Glag{font-family:"Menaion Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode","Vikidemia","Bukyvede","FreeSerif","Ja","Unicode5","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Noto Sans Glagolitic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gong{font-family:"Noto Sans Gunjala Gondi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gonm{font-family:"Noto Sans Masaram Gondi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Goth{font-family:"Vulcanius","Junicode","Pfeffer Mediæval","Ulfilas","Silubr","Skeirs","Midjungards","ALPHABETUM","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Noto Sans Gothic","Code2001","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol","serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gran{font-family:"Noto Serif Grantha","Noto Sans Grantha"}.mw-parser-output .script-Grek{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","Athena","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000","sans-serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gujr{font-family:"Noto Sans Gujarati","Noto Serif Gujarati"}.mw-parser-output .script-Guru{font-family:"Noto Sans Gurmukhi","Noto Sans Gurmukhi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hani{font-family:"BabelStone Han","Noto Serif CJK SC","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Sans CJK TC"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo","FreeSerif","Quivira"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hans{font-family:"Noto Sans SC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Serif SC","Noto Serif CJK SC","Dengxian","微软雅黑","Microsoft YaHei","FangSong","KaiTi","NSimSun","SimHei","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","BabelStone Han"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hant{font-family:"Noto Sans CJK TC","Noto Sans TC","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Serif TC","Microsoft Jhenghei","PMingLiU","MingLiU","BabelStone Han"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hatr{font-family:"Noto Sans Hatran"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli","SBL BibLit","SBL Hebrew","Cardo","Alef","Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre","David","Times New Roman","Gisha","Arial","FreeSerif","FreeSans"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hluw{font-family:"Noto Sans Anatolian Hieroglyphs"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hmng{font-family:"Noto Sans Pahawh Hmong"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hmnp{font-family:"Noto Serif Hmong Nyiakeng"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hung{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Hungarian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ital{font-family:"Italica Vetus","Italica Vetus SN","Cardo","FreeMono","DejaVu Sans","Noto Sans Old Italic","Quivira","Aegean","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Java{font-family:"Noto Sans Javanese","Javanese Text"}.mw-parser-output .script-Jpan{font-family:"Noto Sans JP","Noto Sans CJK JP","Noto Serif JP","Noto Serif CJK JP","BIZ UDPGothic","BIZ UDPMincho","BIZ UDGothic","BIZ UDMincho","Yu Gothic","Yu Mincho","Meiryo","MS PGothic","MS PMincho","MS Gothic","MS Mincho"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kali{font-family:"Noto Sans Kayah Li"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kawi{font-family:"Noto Sans Kawi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khar{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Kharoshthi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khmr{font-family:"Khmer Busra","Khmer Mondulkiri","Khmer OS","Khmer OS Battambang","Khmer OS Boker","Khmer OS Content","Khmer OS Fasthand","Khmer OS Freehand","Khmer OS Metal Chrieng","Khmer OS Muol","Khmer OS Muol Pali","Khmer OS Siemreap","Khmer OS System","Khmer Oureang","Khmer Ratanakiri","KH Freehand","Kh Metal Chrieng","Kh Bokor","Hanuman","Noto Sans Khmer","Noto Serif Khmer","Khmer UI","Leelawadee UI","DaunPenh"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khoj{font-family:"Noto Sans Khojki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kits{font-family:"BabelStone Khitan Small Linear","Noto Serif Khitan Small Script"}.mw-parser-output .script-Knda{font-family:"Noto Serif Kannada","Noto Sans Kannada"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kore{font-family:"함초롬돋움 LVT","HCR Dotum LVT","함초롬바탕 LVT","HCR Batang LVT","본고딕","Source Han Sans K","본고딕 KR","Source Han Sans KR","思源黑體","Source Han Sans TC","思源黑體香港","Source Han Sans HC","思源黑体","Source Han Sans SC","源ノ角ゴシック","Source Han Sans","본명조","Source Han Serif K","본명조 KR","Source Han Serif KR","思源宋體","Source Han Serif TC","思源宋體香港","Source Han Serif HC","思源宋体","Source Han Serif SC","源ノ明朝","Source Han Serif","Noto Sans CJK KR","Noto Sans KR","Noto Sans CJK TC","Noto Sans CJK HC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Sans CJK JP","Noto Serif CJK KR","Noto Serif KR","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Serif CJK SC","Noto Serif CJK JP","나눔바른고딕 옛한글","NanumBarunGothic YetHangul","나눔명조 옛한글","NanumMyeongjo YetHangul","은 바탕","Un Batang","돋움 옛한글","Dotum Old Hangul","바탕 옛한글","Batang Old Hangul","굴림 옛한글","NewGulim Old Hangul","궁서 옛한글","Gungsuh Old Hangul","맑은 고딕","Malgun Gothic","함초롬돋움","HCR Dotum","함초롬바탕","HCR Batang"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kthi{font-family:"Noto Sans Kaithi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lana{font-family:"NS Tahlom","Noto Sans Tai Tham","Lanna Alif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Laoo{font-family:"SengBuhan","SaysetthaMai","Lanexang Mon4","Saysettha","Noto Serif Lao","Noto Sans Lao","Leelawadee UI","Lao UI","DokChampa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lepc{font-family:"Noto Sans Lepcha"}.mw-parser-output .script-Limb{font-family:"Noto Sans Limbu"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lisu{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Lisu Unicode","Miao Unicode","Noto Sans Lisu","Segoe UI"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lyci{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Lycian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lydi{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Lydian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mahj{font-family:"Noto Sans Mahajani"}.mw-parser-output .script-Maka{font-family:"Noto Serif Makasar"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mand{font-family:"Noto Sans Mandaic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mani{font-family:"Noto Sans Manichaean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Marc{font-family:"Noto Sans Marchen"}.mw-parser-output .script-Medf{font-family:"Noto Sans Medefaidrin"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mend{font-family:"Noto Sans Mende Kikakui"}.mw-parser-output .script-Merc{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Meroitic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mero{font-family:"Noto Sans Meroitic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mlym{font-family:"Noto Serif Malayalam","Noto Sans Malayalam"}.mw-parser-output .script-Modi{font-family:"Noto Sans Modi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mroo{font-family:"Noto Sans Mro"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mtei{font-family:"Noto Sans Meetei Mayek","Nirmala UI"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mult{font-family:"Noto Sans Multani"}.mw-parser-output .script-Mymr{font-family:"Myanmar Text","Myanmar3","Myanmar2","Myanmar1","Padauk","Noto Sans Myanmar","mm3web","TharLon","Masterpiece Uni Sans","Parabaik","Yunghkio","Thanlwin","Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nagm{font-family:"Noto Sans Nag Mundari"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nand{font-family:"Noto Sans Nandinagari"}.mw-parser-output .script-Narb{font-family:"Noto Sans Old North Arabian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nbat{font-family:"Noto Sans Nabataean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Newa{font-family:"Noto Sans Newa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nkoo{font-family:"Conakry","DejaVu Sans","Ebrima","Noto Sans NKo"}.mw-parser-output .script-Nshu{font-family:"Noto Traditional Nushu","Noto Sans Nushu"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ogam{font-family:"BabelStone Ogham","BabelStone Ogham Fixed","BabelStone Ogham Bound","BabelStone Ogham Stemless","BabelStone Ogham Lithic","BabelStone Ogham Pictish","BabelStone Ogham Special","DejaVu Sans","Noto Sans Ogham","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Olck{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Nirmala UI","Noto Sans Ol Chiki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Orkh{font-family:"Orkun","Old Turkic","Orkun Brush","Türik Bitig","Quivira","BabelStone Irk Bitig Colour","Babelstone Irk Bitig","Noto Sans Old Turkic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Orya{font-family:"Noto Sans Oriya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Osge{font-family:"Noto Sans Osage"}.mw-parser-output .script-Osma{font-family:"Ebrima","FreeSans","Noto Sans Osmanya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ougr{font-family:"Noto Serif Old Uyghur"}.mw-parser-output .script-Palm{font-family:"Noto Sans Palmyrene"}.mw-parser-output .script-Pauc{font-family:"Noto Sans Pau Cin Hau"}.mw-parser-output .script-Perm{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Permic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phag{font-family:"Microsoft PhagsPa","Noto Sans Phags Pa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phli{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Inscriptional Pahlavi","Shapour","ZH Mono","sans-serif";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .script-Phlp{font-family:"Noto Sans Psalter Pahlavi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Phnx{font-family:"ALPHABETUM Unicode","MPH 2B Damase","Aegean","Code2001","Noto Sans Phoenician","FreeSans","Segoe UI Historic","sans-serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Plrd{font-family:"Noto Sans Miao"}.mw-parser-output .script-Prti{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Inscriptional Parthian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Rjng{font-family:"Noto Sans Rejang"}.mw-parser-output .script-Rohg{font-family:"Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya"}.mw-parser-output .script-Runr{font-family:"BabelStone Runic Beagnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtric","BabelStone Runic Beowulf","BabelStone Runic Berhtwald","BabelStone Runic Byrhtferth","Junicode","Kelvinch","Free Monospaced","Code2000","Hnias","Noto Sans Runic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Samr{font-family:"Noto Sans Samaritan","Hebrew Samaritan","Everson Mono","EversonMono","Unifont","Quivira","sans-serif";direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:bidi-override}.mw-parser-output .script-Sarb{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old South Arabian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Saur{font-family:"Noto Sans Saurashtra"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sgnw{font-family:"Noto Sans SignWriting"}.mw-parser-output .script-Shaw{font-family:"Noto Sans Shavian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Shrd{font-family:"Noto Sans Sharada"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sidd{font-family:"Noto Sans Siddham","Muktamsiddham","ApDevaSanskrit","ApDevaSiddham","ApDevaSiddhamEx","ApSiddham","MuktamsiddhamG","和田研中丸ゴシック2004絵文字","WadaLabChuMaruGo2004Emoji","和田研細丸ゴシック2004絵文字","WadaLabMaruGo2004Emoji"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sind{font-family:"Noto Sans Khudawadi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sinh{font-family:"Iskoola Pota","Noto Sans Sinhala","Noto Sans Sinhala","Nirmala UI"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sogd{font-family:"Noto Sans Sogdian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sogo{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Sogdian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sora{font-family:"Nirmala UI","Noto Sans Sora Sompeng"}.mw-parser-output .script-Soyo{font-family:"Noto Sans Soyombo"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sund{font-family:"Sundanese Unicode 2013","Sundanese Unicode","Noto Sans Sundanese"}.mw-parser-output .script-Sylo{font-family:"Noto Sans Syloti Nagri","Surma"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrc{font-family:"Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tagb{font-family:"Tagbanwa","Quivira","Noto Sans Tagbanwa","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Takr{font-family:"Noto Sans Takri"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tale{font-family:"Microsoft Tai Le","Noto Sans Tai Le"}.mw-parser-output .script-Talu{font-family:"Dai Banna SIL","Noto Sans New Tai Lue","Microsoft New Tai Lue"}.mw-parser-output .script-Taml{font-family:"Nirmala UI",Latha,"Noto Serif Tamil","Noto Sans Tamil"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tang{font-family:"Tangut Yinchuan","Tangut N4694","New Tangut","New Tangut Std","Tangut TWU","TH-Tshyn-P1","TH-Feon-B","Babelstone Tangut Wenhai","Noto Serif Tangut"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tavt{font-family:"Noto Sans Tai Viet"}.mw-parser-output .script-Telu{font-family:"Nirmala UI",Gautami,"Noto Serif Telugu","Noto Sans Telugu"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tfng{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Ebrima","FreeSans","Noto Sans Tifinagh"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tglg{font-family:"Noto Sans Tagalog","Tagalog Doctrina 1593","Baybayin Lopez","Tagalog Stylized","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Thaa{font-family:"MV Boli","Noto Sans Thaana"}.mw-parser-output .script-Thai{font-family:"Noto Serif Thai",Leelawadee,Tahoma,"Noto Sans Thai"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tibt{font-family:"Microsoft Himalaya","Noto Sans Tibetan"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tirh{font-family:"Noto Sans Tirhuta"}.mw-parser-output .script-Tnsa{font-family:"Noto Sans Tangsa"}.mw-parser-output .script-Toto{font-family:"Noto Serif Toto"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic","Aegean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Vaii{font-family:Ebrima,"Noto Sans Vai"}.mw-parser-output .script-Vith{font-family:"Noto Serif Vithkuqi","Noto Sans Vithkuqi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Wara{font-family:"Noto Sans Warang Citi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Wcho{font-family:"Noto Sans Wancho"}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian","Artaxerxes","Xerxes","Aegean"}.mw-parser-output .script-Xsux{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cuneiform"}.mw-parser-output .script-Yezi{font-family:"Noto Sans Yezidi","Noto Serif Yezidi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Yiii{font-family:"Nuosu SIL","SIL Yi","Microsoft Yi Baiti","Noto Sans Yi","NSimSun-18030","SimSun-18030","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Zanb{font-family:"BabelStone Zanabazar","Noto Sans Zanabazar Square"}.mw-parser-output .script-Zsye{font-family:"Apple Color Emoji","Noto Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbols"}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Latg{font-family:Duibhlinn,Ceanannas,Corcaigh,Bunchló,"Bunchló Ársa GC","Bunchlo Arsa GC",Gaelic,Gadelica,Junicode,Cardo}.mw-parser-output .script-Latn{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond","Cormorant","Cardo","ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIÆVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond","serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syre{font-family:"Estrangelo Antioch","Estrangelo Edessa","Estrangelo Midyat","Estrangelo Nisibin","Estrangelo Quenneshrin","Estrangelo Talada","Estrangelo TurAbdin","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Estrangela","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrj{font-family:"Serto Antioch Bible","Serto Batnan","Serto Jerusalem","Serto Kharput","Serto Malankara","Serto Mardin","Serto Urhoy","Noto Sans Syriac","Noto Sans Syriac Western"}.mw-parser-output .script-Syrn{font-family:"East Syriac Adiabene","East Syriac Ctesiphon","Noto Sans Syriac Eastern","Noto Sans Syriac",FreeSans,Code2000}.mw-parser-output .script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ۏاناديوم</span>‎</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ms is deprecated </span>‎</span>) ialah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">jadual berkala</a> yang mempunyai simbol <b>V</b> dan <a href="/wiki/Nombor_atom" title="Nombor atom">nombor atom</a> 23. Sejenis unsur nadir, lembut dan mulur, vanadium dijumpai dalam bentuk campuran dalam sesetengah <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> dan digunakan terutamanya untuk menghasilkan sesetengah <a href="/wiki/Aloi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloi">aloi</a>. Ia salah satu daripada 26 unsur yang biasa dijumpai dalam benda hidup. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat-sifat_utama">Sifat-sifat utama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sifat-sifat utama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sifat-sifat utama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanadium ialah logam berwarna putih kelabu yang lembut dan mulur. Ia mempunyai daya tahan <a href="/wiki/Kakisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakisan">hakisan</a> yang baik terhadap <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asid_sulfurik" title="Asid sulfurik">asid sulfurik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asid_hidroklorik" title="Asid hidroklorik">asid hidroklorik</a>. Ia bersedia untuk <a href="/wiki/Pengoksidaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengoksidaan">teroksida</a> pada kira-kira 933 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>. Vanadium mempunyai kekuatan struktur yang baik dan keratan rentas belahan neutron yang rendah, menyebabkannya berguna dalam aplikasi nuklear. Walaupun ia sejenis logam, vanadium bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a> mempunyai ciri-ciri oksida valensi yang bersifat <a href="/wiki/Asid" title="Asid">asid</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Keadaan_pengoksidaan" title="Keadaan pengoksidaan">Keadaan pengoksidaan</a> lazim bagi vanadium termasuklah +2, +3, +4 and +5. Eksperimen terkenal menggunakan ammonium vanadat (<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><sub>4</sub>V<a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a><sub>3</sub>), iaitu penurunan sebatian tersebut menggunakan logam <a href="/wiki/Zink" class="mw-redirect" title="Zink">zink</a>, dapat menunjukkan secara kolorimetri (sukat warna) keempat-empat keadaan pengoksidaan vanadium. Keadaan pengoksidaan +1 jarang sekali dijumpai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggunaan">Penggunaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Penggunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penggunaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kira-kira 80% vanadium yang dihasilkan, digunakan sebagai ferovanadium atau sebagai penambah <a href="/wiki/Keluli" title="Keluli">keluli</a>. Penggunaan-penggunaaan lain; </p> <ul><li>Dalam bentuk aloinya seperti: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keluli_tahan_karat" title="Keluli tahan karat">keluli tahan karat</a> khusus, contohnya penggunaan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peralatan_bedah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peralatan bedah (laman tidak wujud)">peralatan bedah</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alat_tukang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alat tukang (laman tidak wujud)">alat tukang</a>.</li> <li>keluli tahan <a href="/wiki/Karat" title="Karat">karat</a> dan keluli alat pertukangan kelajuan tinggi.</li> <li>dicampurkan dengan aloi-aloi <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> untuk digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Enjin_jet" title="Enjin jet">enjin jet</a> dan kerangka pesawat udara kelajuan tinggi.</li></ul></li> <li>Aloi keluli vanadium digunakan pada <a href="/wiki/Gandar" title="Gandar">gandar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aci_engkol" title="Aci engkol">aci engkol</a>, gear dan komponen-komponen penting yang lain.</li> <li>Ia penstabil <a href="/wiki/Karbida" title="Karbida">karbida</a> yang penting dalam pembuatan keluli.</li> <li>Oleh kerana keratan rentas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belahan_nukleus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belahan nukleus (laman tidak wujud)">belahan</a> <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> yang rendah, vanadium mempunyai kegunaan dalam bidang nuklear.</li> <li>Kerajang vanadium digunakan untuk menyalutkan titanium pada keluli.</li> <li>Pita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium-gallium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium-gallium (laman tidak wujud)">Vanadium-gallium</a> digunakan dalam magnet <a href="/wiki/Kesuperkonduksian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesuperkonduksian">bersuperkonduksi</a> (175,000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gauss (laman tidak wujud)">gauss</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(V)_oksida" title="Vanadium(V) oksida">Vanadium(V) oksida</a> (vanadium pentoksida, V<sub>2</sub><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxygen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxygen (laman tidak wujud)">O</a><sub>5</sub>) digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Mangkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangkin">mangkin</a> dalam pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Asid_sulfurik" title="Asid sulfurik">asid sulfurik</a> (melalui <a href="/wiki/Proses_Sentuh" title="Proses Sentuh">Proses Sentuh</a>) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maleik_anhidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maleik anhidrida (laman tidak wujud)">maleik anhidrida</a>. Ia digunakan dalam pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Seramik" title="Seramik">seramik</a>.</li> <li>Kaca yang disalut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_dioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium dioksida (laman tidak wujud)">vanadium dioksida</a> (V<a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a><sub>2</sub>) boleh mengekang <a href="/wiki/Sinaran_inframerah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinaran inframerah">sinaran inframerah</a> (tanpa menghalang cahaya tampak) pada suhu-suhu tertentu.</li> <li>Sel bahan api elektrik dan bateri simpanan seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bateri_redoks_vanadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bateri redoks vanadium (laman tidak wujud)">Bateri redoks vanadium</a>.</li> <li>Ditambahkan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korundum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korundum (laman tidak wujud)">korundum</a> untuk membuat manikam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandrit (laman tidak wujud)">aleksandrit</a> tiruan.</li> <li>Salutan perubahan elektrokimia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral fosfat (laman tidak wujud)">vanadat</a> untuk melindungi keluli daripada karat dan kakisan.</li></ul> <div dir="ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanadium (dewi <a href="/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadis (laman tidak wujud)">Vanadis</a>) asalnya ditemui oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_del_R%C3%ADo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrés Manuel del Río (laman tidak wujud)">Andrés Manuel del Río</a> (seorang ahli mineralogi <a href="/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol">Sepanyol</a>) di <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, dalam tahun <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>. Beliau memanggilnya <i>plumbum coklat</i> (sekarang dipanggil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadinit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadinit (laman tidak wujud)">vanadinit</a>). Melalui kaji selidik, warna vanadium mengingatkan beliau tentang <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a>, maka dinamakan unsur itu pankromium. Beliau kemudian menamakan lagi sebatian ini sebagai eritronium, kerana kebanyakan garamnya bertukar menjadi merah apabila dipanaskan. Ahli kimia Perancis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hippolyte_Victor_Collet-Descotils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils (laman tidak wujud)">Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils</a> dengan salahnya mengumumkan bahawa unsur baru del Rio hanyalah <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a> yang tak tulen. Del Rio juga mengingatkan bahawa beliau tersilap dan menerima kenyataan ahli kimia Perancis itu yang juga disokong oleh kawan Del Rio iaitu Baron <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a> </p><p>Dalam tahun <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nils_Gabriel_Sefstr%C3%B6m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nils Gabriel Sefström (laman tidak wujud)">Sefström</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> menjumpa kembali vanadium dalam oksida baru yang dijumpai beliau semasa mengkaji beberapa bijih <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a> dan kemudiannya pada tahun yang sama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Woehler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Woehler (laman tidak wujud)">Friedrich Wöhler</a> mengesahkan hasil kerja del Rio yang lebih awal. Kemudian, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_William_Featherstonhaugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George William Featherstonhaugh (laman tidak wujud)">George William Featherstonhaugh</a>, salah satu daripada ahli geologi Amerika Syarikat yang pertama, mencadangkan unsur ini untuk dinamakan "rionium" sempena Del Rio, tetapi ini tidak pernah terjadi. </p><p>Logam vanadium diasingkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Enfield_Roscoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Enfield Roscoe (laman tidak wujud)">Henry Enfield Roscoe</a> dalam tahun <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>, dan beliau telah menurunkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(III)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(III) klorida (laman tidak wujud)">vanadium(III) klorida</a> (V<a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a><sub>3</sub>) dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>. Nama vanadium berasal daripada nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadis (laman tidak wujud)">Vanadis</a>, seorang dewi dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitologi_Skandinavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitologi Skandinavia (laman tidak wujud)">mitologi Skandinavia</a>, kerana unsur ini mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Sebatian_kimia" title="Sebatian kimia">sebatian kimia</a> yang beraneka warna dan cantik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peranan_biologi">Peranan biologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Peranan biologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Peranan biologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>, atom vanadium ialah komponen penting bagi sesetengah <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzim</a>, khasnya bagi vanadium <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroginase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroginase (laman tidak wujud)">nitroginase</a> yang digunakan oleh sesetengah mikroorganisma pengikat nitrogen. Vanadium adalah penting bagi <a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea" title="Ascidiacea">askidian</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Tunikat" title="Tunikat">pemancut laut</a> dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_Kromagen_Vanadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein Kromagen Vanadium (laman tidak wujud)">Protein Kromagen Vanadium</a>. Kepekatan vanadium dalam darah hidupan-hidupan ini adalah lebih 100 kali lebih tinggi daripada kepekatan vanadium dalam air laut sekeliling mereka. <a href="/wiki/Tikus" title="Tikus">Tikus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ayam" title="Ayam">ayam</a> juga diketahui memerlukan vanadium pada kandungan kecil dan kekurangan akan mengakibatkan pertumbuhan lambat dan gangguan <a href="/wiki/Pembiakan" title="Pembiakan">pembiakan</a>. </p><p>Pemberian sebatian oksovanadium menunjukkan pengurangan gejala penyakit <a href="/wiki/Kencing_manis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kencing manis">diabetis melitus</a> pada sesetengah model <a href="/wiki/Binatang" title="Binatang">binatang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia">manusia</a>. Sama seperti kesan kromiun pada metabolisme gula, mekanisme bagi kesan ini juga tidak diketahui. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tambahan_Mineral_dalam_Air_Minuman">Tambahan Mineral dalam Air Minuman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Tambahan Mineral dalam Air Minuman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tambahan Mineral dalam Air Minuman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Di Jepun, vanadium(V) oksida (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) dipasarkan sebagai tambahan kesihatan mineral baik yang wujud secara asli dalam air minuman. Sumber utama air minuman ini ialah cerun Gunung Fuji. Kandungan vanadium pentoksida air ini adalah antara kira-kira 80ug/Liter hingga ke 130ug/Liter. Pemasarannya menggambarkannya sebagai berkesan menentang diabetis, ekzema, dan kegendutan. Tidak terdapat pernyataan tentang ketoksikan dalam pemasaran produk-produk ini </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kewujudan">Kewujudan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Kewujudan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kewujudan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanadium belum pernah dijumpai dalam keadaan tulen dalam alam semulajadi, sebaliknya wujud dalam kira-kira 65 jenis <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> berlainan, antaranya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patronit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patronit (laman tidak wujud)">patronit</a> (V<a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">S</a><sub>4</sub>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadinit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadinit (laman tidak wujud)">vanadinit</a> [<a href="/wiki/Plumbum" title="Plumbum">Pb</a><sub>5</sub>(V<a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a><sub>4</sub>)3<a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a>], dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnotit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnotit (laman tidak wujud)">karnotit</a> [<a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a><sub>2</sub>(<a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.3<a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">H<sub>2</sub>O</a>]. Vanadium juga hadir dalam <a href="/wiki/Bauksit" title="Bauksit">bauksit</a>, dan endapan yang mengandungi <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Minyak_mentah" class="mw-redirect" title="Minyak mentah">minyak mentah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arang" title="Arang">arang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syal_minyak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syal minyak (laman tidak wujud)">syal minyak</a> dan pasir <a href="/wiki/Tar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar">tar</a>. Spektrum vanadium juga dikesan pada cahaya daripada <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">matahari</a> dan sesetengah <a href="/wiki/Bintang" title="Bintang">bintang</a>. </p><p>Pada masa kini, kebanyakan logam vanadium yang dihasilkan adalah melalui penurunan <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">kalsium</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Vanadium(V)_oksida" title="Vanadium(V) oksida">V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> dalam bekas tekanan. Vanadium biasanya diperolehi sebagai hasil sampingan atau koproduk, maka sumber dunia bagi unsur ini bukanlah penunjuk yang sebenar bagi bekalan yang boleh didapati.. </p><p><i>Lihat juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Mineral_vanadat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Mineral vanadat (laman tidak wujud)">kategori: Mineral vanadat</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pengasingan">Pengasingan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengasingan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengasingan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanadium boleh diperolehi secara komersil dan penghasilan sampel di dalam <a href="/wiki/Makmal" title="Makmal">makmal</a> biasanya tidak diperlukan. Dari segi penghasilan komersil pula, kaedah penghasilan logam vanadium sebagai hasil utama biasanya tidak diperlukan kerana jumlah yang mencukupi boleh didapati dalam bentuk hasil sampingan proses-proses lain. </p><p>Dalam bidang industri, pemanasan bijih vanadium atau baki daripada proses-proses lain bersama <a href="/wiki/Garam" title="Garam">garam</a>, NaCl, atau <a href="/wiki/Natrium_karbonat" title="Natrium karbonat">natrium karbonat</a>, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, pada kira-kira 850 °C memberikan natrium vanadat NaVO<sub>3</sub>. Ia dilarutkan dalam air dan diasidkan untuk menghasilkan pepejal merah yang kemudiannya dileburkan menjadi bentuk mentah <a href="/wiki/Vanadium_pentoksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium pentoksida">vanadium pentoksida</a>, "V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>". Penurunan vanadium pentoksida dengan <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">kalsium</a>, Ca, menghasilkan vanadium tulen. Satu cara alternatif sesuai bagi penghasilan skala kecil ialah penurunan vanadium pentaklorida, VCl<sub>5</sub>, dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>, H<sub>2</sub>, atau <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, Mg. Terdapat bermacam lagi kaedah yang boleh digunakan. </p><p>Secara industrinya, kebanyakan vanadium digunakan sebagai penambah untuk memperbaiki ciri <a href="/wiki/Keluli" title="Keluli">keluli</a>. Biasanya tindak balas besi mentah dengan vanadium pentoksida mentah "V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>" sudah mencukupi, dan tidak perlu menggunakan logam vanadium tulen. Ini menghasilkan ferovanadium yang sesuai untuk kerja-kerja seterusnya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sebatian">Sebatian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Sebatian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sebatian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(V)_oksida" title="Vanadium(V) oksida">Vanadium pentoksida</a> (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) digunakan sebagai mangkin terutamanya dalam penghasilan asid sulfurik. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadil_sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadil sulfat (laman tidak wujud)">Vanadil sulfat</a> (VOSO<sub>4</sub>), juga dipanggil vanadium{IV) sulfat oksida hidrat, digunakan sebagai tambahan diet yang agak berkontroversi, terutamanya untuk meningkatkan tahap <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bina_badan" title="Bina badan">bina badan</a>. Belum lagi adanya bukti yang menunjukkan ia berguna untuk bina badan, sebaliknya beberapa bukti menunjukkan para atlit yang mengambilnya hanyalah mengalami <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesan_plasebo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesan plasebo (laman tidak wujud)">kesan plasebo</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(IV)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(IV) klorida (laman tidak wujud)">Vanadium(IV) klorida</a> adalah satu bentuk vanadium yang terlarut dan biasa digunakan di dalam makmal. V(IV) adalah bentuk yang diturunkan daripada V(V), dan biasanya terhasil selepas <a href="/wiki/Respirasi_anaerob" title="Respirasi anaerob">respirasi anaerob</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Bakteria" title="Bakteria">bakteria</a> penurun logam disimilasi. V(IV) klorida bertindak balas dengan cergas bersama air. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ketoksikan_Sebatian_Vanadium">Ketoksikan Sebatian Vanadium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Ketoksikan Sebatian Vanadium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ketoksikan Sebatian Vanadium"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ketoksikan vanadium bergantung kepada keadaan fizikokimianya; terutamanya pada keadaan valensi dan keterlarutannya. Pentavalen VOSO<sub>4</sub> telah dilaporkan adalah lebih daripada 5 kali lebih toksik daripada trivalen V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (Roschin, 1967). Sebatian vanadium tidak diserap dengan baik oleh sistem gastrointestinal, akan tetapi pendedahan vanadium dan sebatian vanadium melalui sedutan akan mengakibatkan kesan-kesan buruk kepada sistem pernafasan (Sax, 1984; ATSDR, 1990). Namun begitu, tidak terdapatnya data kuantitatif yang mencukupi untuk menerbit kesan sedutan kronik atau subkronik. </p><p>Tidak terdapatnya banyak bukti yang menunjukkan vanadium dan sebatian vanadium ialah sejenis toksin pembiakan atau teratogen. Tiada juga bukti yang menunjukkan bahawa sebatian vanadium adalah karsinogenik; akan tetapi, sangat sedikit kajian yang telah dijalankan untuk evaluation. Vanadium belum lagi dikelaskan kekarsinogenannya oleh EPA Amerika Syarikat (1991a). </p> <ul><li>Lihat juga <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sebatian_vanadium" title="Kategori:Sebatian vanadium">Sebatian vanadium</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotop">Isotop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Isotop"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vandium yang wujud secara semula jadi terdiri daripada 1 <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> stabil <sup>51</sup>V dan satu isotop radioaktif <sup>50</sup>V yang mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Separuh_hayat" title="Separuh hayat">separuh hayat</a> 1.5×10<sup>17</sup> tahun. 24 <a href="/wiki/Radioisotop" title="Radioisotop">radioisotop</a> tiruan telah dicirikan (julat <a href="/wiki/Nombor_jisim" title="Nombor jisim">nombor jisim</a> antara 40 ke 65) dengan yang paling stabil ialah <sup>49</sup>V dengan separuh hayat 330 hari, dan <sup>48</sup>V dengan separuh hayat 15.9735 hari. Isotop-isotop radioaktif yang lain mempunyai separuh hayat kurang daripada 1 jam dan kebanyakannya mempunyai separuh hayat kurang daripada 10 saat. Dalam 4 isotop, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isomer_nukleus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isomer nukleus (laman tidak wujud)">keadaan teruja metastabil</a> telah dijumpai (termasuk 2 keadaan metastabil bagi <sup>60</sup>V). </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mod reputan (laman tidak wujud)">Mod reputan</a> perdana sebelum mencapai isotop stabil yang paling berlimpah, <sup>51</sup>V, ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawanan_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawanan elektron (laman tidak wujud)">tawanan elektron</a> dan mod lazim seterusnya ialah <a href="/wiki/Reputan_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Reputan beta">reputan beta</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasil_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasil reputan (laman tidak wujud)">Hasil reputan</a> utama sebelum <sup>51</sup>V ialah isotop unsur 22 (<a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>) dan hasil utama yang berikutnya ialah isotop unsur 24 (<a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Langkah_pengawasan">Langkah pengawasan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Langkah pengawasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Langkah pengawasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Serbuk logam vanadium ialah bahaya api, dan melainkan diketahui sebaliknya, sebatian vanadium haruslah dianggap sebagai sangat bertoksik. Secara amnya, lebih tinggi keadaan pengoksidaan suatu vanadium, lebih toksik sebatiannya. Sebatian yang paling berbahaya ialah <a href="/wiki/Vanadium_pentoksida" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium pentoksida">vanadium pentoksida</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentadbiran_Keselamatan_dan_Kesihataan_Pekerjaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentadbiran Keselamatan dan Kesihataan Pekerjaan (laman tidak wujud)">Pentadbiran Keselamatan dan Kesihataan Pekerjaan</a> Amerika Syarikat (OSHA) telah menetapkan had pendedahan sebanyak 0.05 mg/m<sup>3</sup> untuk habuk vanadium pentoksida dan 0.1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> untuk wasap vanadium pentoksida dalam udara tempat kerja pada jangka masa 8 jam hari bekerja, 40 jam minggu bekerja. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Kebangsaan_bagi_Keselamatan_dan_Kesihatan_Pekerjaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Kebangsaan bagi Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Kebangsaan bagi Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan</a> Amerika Syarikat (NIOSH) telah mencadangkan bahawa 35 mg/m<sup>3</sup> vanadium dianggap bahaya serta-merta kepada kehidupan dan kesihatan. Ini tahap pendedahan bahan kimia yang biasanya menyebabkan gangguan kesihatan kekal atau maut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sebatian_vanadium" title="Kategori:Sebatian vanadium">Sebatian vanadium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Mineral_vanadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Mineral vanadium (laman tidak wujud)">Mineral vanadium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Mineral_vanadat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Mineral vanadat (laman tidak wujud)">Mineral vanadat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/23.html">Los Alamos National Laboratory – Vanadium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Vanadium" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Vanadium">Vanadium</a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Cari <i><b><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/vanadium" class="extiw" title="wikt:vanadium">vanadium</a></b></i> dalam <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionary">Wikikamus</a> bahasa Melayu, kamus bebas.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/V/index.html">WebElements.com – Vanadium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mii.org/Minerals/photovan.html">Mineral Information Institute – Vanadium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts58.html">ATSDR – ToxFAQs: Vanadium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceic.unsw.edu.au/centers/vrb/">The Vanadium Redox Battery was invented at The University of New South Wales</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Untuk daftar pautan luar yang lengkap, sila lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sumber_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Sumber kimia (laman tidak wujud)">sumber kimia</a></i>.</dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sebatian_vanadium" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Sebatian_vanadium" title="Templat:Sebatian vanadium"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Sebatian_vanadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Sebatian vanadium (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Sebatian_vanadium&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sebatian_vanadium" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"> Sebatian <a class="mw-selflink selflink">vanadium</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(II)_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(II) bromida (laman tidak wujud)">VBr<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(III)_bromida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(III) bromida (laman tidak wujud)">VBr<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_karbida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium karbida (laman tidak wujud)">VC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_heksakarbonil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium heksakarbonil (laman tidak wujud)">V(CO)<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(II)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(II) klorida (laman tidak wujud)">VCl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(III)_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(III) klorida (laman tidak wujud)">VCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_tetraklorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium tetraklorida (laman tidak wujud)">VCl<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(III)_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(III) fluorida (laman tidak wujud)">VF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_tetrafluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium tetrafluorida (laman tidak wujud)">VF<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_pentafluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium pentafluorida (laman tidak wujud)">VF<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(III)_iodida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(III) iodida (laman tidak wujud)">VI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium nitrida (laman tidak wujud)">VN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(II)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(II) oksida (laman tidak wujud)">VO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(IV)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(IV) oksida (laman tidak wujud)">VO<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_oksitriklorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium oksitriklorida (laman tidak wujud)">VOCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(V)_okstrifluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(V) okstrifluorida (laman tidak wujud)">VOF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(III)_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(III) oksida (laman tidak wujud)">V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanadium(V)_oksida" title="Vanadium(V) oksida">V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_monosulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium monosulfida (laman tidak wujud)">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium_disulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium disulfida (laman tidak wujud)">VS<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divanadium_trisulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divanadium trisulfida (laman tidak wujud)">V<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divanadium_pentasulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divanadium pentasulfida (laman tidak wujud)">V<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium(III)_sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium(III) sulfat (laman tidak wujud)">V<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="navbox collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="32"><div style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Jadual_berkala_padat" title="Templat:Jadual berkala padat"><span title="Lihat templat ini" style="">p</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Jadual_berkala_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Jadual berkala padat (laman tidak wujud)"><span title="Bincang templat ini" style="">b</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Jadual_berkala_padat&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini" style="">s</span></a></li></ul></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><span style="padding-left: 1em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zink" class="mw-redirect" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arsenik" title="Arsenik">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Antimoni" title="Antimoni">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Plumbum" title="Plumbum">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Tennessin" title="Tennessin">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="32"> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">Logam alkali bumi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanid" title="Lantanid">Lantanid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Aktinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinid">Aktinid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan">Logam peralihan</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">Logam</a> lain </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Bukan_logam" title="Bukan logam">Bukan logam</a> lain </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogen</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi">Gas adi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="32"> <table border="0" align="center" style="width:100%; height:50%;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#c9c9ff"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(terperinci)" title="Jadual berkala (terperinci)">Versi terperinci</a></b></small><span style="padding-left: 4em;"> </span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122626454">Perancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122626454">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4187375-0">Jerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531848705171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85142005">Amerika Syarikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560502">Jepun</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph126988&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10645191">Arkib Negara (A.S.)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&oldid=6197311">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&oldid=6197311</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Vanadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Vanadium (laman tidak wujud)">Vanadium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Logam_peralihan" title="Kategori:Logam peralihan">Logam peralihan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mineral_diet" title="Kategori:Mineral diet">Mineral diet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Unsur_kimia" title="Kategori:Unsur kimia">Unsur kimia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_yang_mengandungi_teks_bahasa_secara_jelas_menyebut_bahasa_Melayu_(bahasa_makro)" title="Kategori:Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa secara jelas menyebut bahasa Melayu (bahasa makro)">Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa secara jelas menyebut bahasa Melayu (bahasa makro)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Lang_and_lang-xx_using_deprecated_ISO_639_codes" title="Kategori:Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes">Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_BNF" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan BNF">Rencana dengan pengenalan BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_GND" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan GND">Rencana dengan pengenalan GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_J9U" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan J9U">Rencana dengan pengenalan J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_LCCN" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan LCCN">Rencana dengan pengenalan LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NDL" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NDL">Rencana dengan pengenalan NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NKC" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NKC">Rencana dengan pengenalan NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rencana_dengan_pengenalan_NARA" title="Kategori:Rencana dengan pengenalan NARA">Rencana dengan pengenalan NARA</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 02:01, 17 Mei 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nv2q5","wgBackendResponseTime":197,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.461","walltime":"0.650","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1096,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":32945,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1706,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":22721,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 463.201 1 -total"," 58.94% 273.030 1 Templat:Jawi"," 58.62% 271.536 1 Templat:Lang"," 21.81% 101.021 1 Templat:Script"," 21.13% 97.857 1 Templat:Script/Arabic"," 20.78% 96.231 1 Templat:Ifsubst"," 12.97% 60.069 1 Templat:Kawalan_kewibawaan"," 5.24% 24.268 1 Templat:Sebatian_vanadium"," 4.87% 22.540 1 Templat:Navbox"," 4.43% 20.522 1 Templat:Compact_periodic_table"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.186","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20779512,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-kr7j7","timestamp":"20241123023347","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Vanadium","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vanadium","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q722","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q722","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-08T17:15:56Z","dateModified":"2024-05-17T02:01:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d3\/V%2C23.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>