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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_conurbations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_conurbations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Major conurbations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_conurbations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>English culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-English_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle English culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-English_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_from_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_from_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>People from England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_from_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">England</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 244 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-244" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">244 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggr%C3%A9h" title="Inggréh – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Inggréh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Англие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Англие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Engeland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ኢንግላንድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢንግላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%8Bland" title="Eŋland – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eŋland" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="इंग्लैंड – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इंग्लैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englaland" title="Englaland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Englaland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Англызтәыла – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Англызтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="إنجلترا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنجلترا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Անգլիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angllet%C3%A8rra" title="Anglletèrra – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Anglletèrra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="ইংলেণ্ড – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইংলেণ্ড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="इंग्लैण्ड – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इंग्लैण्ड" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingyat%C3%A9rra" title="Ingyatérra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ingyatérra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlispampa" title="Inlispampa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Inlispampa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngilt%C9%99r%C9%99" title="İngiltərə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İngiltərə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="اینگیلیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینگیلیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="ইংল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইংল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-l%C3%A2n" title="Eng-lân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Англія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Англія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ангельшчына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ангельшчына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="इंग्लैंड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इंग्लैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-Saoz" title="Bro-Saoz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-Saoz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Англи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Англи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglie" title="Anglie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anglie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloegr" title="Lloegr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lloegr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="النݣليز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="النݣليز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engl%C3%A1nda" title="Englánda – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Englánda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%8E%DE%A8%DE%83%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="އިނގިރޭސިވިލާތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިނގިރޭސިވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Engelska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="इङ्ल्याण्ड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इङ्ल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglismaa" title="Inglismaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inglismaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αγγλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%C3%A8ra" title="Inghiltèra – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Inghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglio" title="Anglio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anglio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ingalaterra" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingalaterra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انگلستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongland" title="Ongland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ongland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angleterre" title="Angleterre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Angleterre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingel%C3%A2n" title="Ingelân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ingelân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingletiere" title="Ingletiere – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ingletiere" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasana" title="Sasana – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sasana" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sostyn" title="Sostyn – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sostyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasainn" title="Sasainn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sasainn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Ингалсехье – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ингалсехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngeretha" title="Ngeretha – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ngeretha" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="اينگيليس – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اينگيليس" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="इंग्लंड – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="इंग्लंड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="잉글랜드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="잉글랜드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingila" title="Ingila – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ingila" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBEnelani" title="ʻEnelani – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻEnelani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Անգլիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="इंग्लैण्ड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंग्लैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jend%C5%BAelska" title="Jendźelska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jendźelska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enggeleti" title="Enggeleti – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Enggeleti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Англис – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Англис" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENgilani" title="ENgilani – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ENgilani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INgilandi" title="INgilandi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INgilandi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="אנגליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%8Bg%C9%A9l%C9%A9t%C9%9B%C9%9Br%C9%A9" title="Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Aŋgɩlɩtɛɛrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಗ್ಲೆಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ინგლისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اِنگلِستان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنگلِستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Sows" title="Pow Sows – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Sows" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uingereza" title="Uingereza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engla" title="Engla – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Engla" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglet%C3%A8" title="Angletè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Angletè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langl%C3%A9t%C3%A8" title="Langlétè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Langlétè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Englistan" title="Înglistan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Înglistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nghiltiera" title="Nghiltiera – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Nghiltiera" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ປະເທດອັງກິດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%C3%A6ra" title="Inghiltæra – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Inghiltæra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeland" title="Ingeland – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ingeland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ing%C9%9Blandi" title="Ingɛlandi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ingɛlandi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilt%C3%A8ra" title="Inghiltèra – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Inghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="इङ्ल्यान्ड – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इङ्ल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Англија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Англија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angletera" title="Angletera – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Angletera" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇംഗ്ലണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilterra" title="Ingilterra – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ingilterra" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingarangi" title="Ingarangi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ingarangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="इंग्लंड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्लंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ინგლისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინგლისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="انجلترا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجلترا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="انگلیس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="انگلیس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggirih" title="Inggirih – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Inggirih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%ACng-g%C3%A1ik-l%C3%A0ng" title="Ĭng-gáik-làng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-gáik-làng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglaterra" title="Anglaterra – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Anglaterra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Англи – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Англи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အင်္ဂလန်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်္ဂလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peretania" title="Peretania – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Peretania" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engeland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelaand_(regio)" title="Engelaand (regio) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Engelaand (regio)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4" title="बेलायत – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेलायत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="イングランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イングランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngreterra" title="Ngreterra – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ngreterra" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Ингалс – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ингалс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelun" title="Ingelun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ingelun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C3%A9t%C3%A8rre" title="Angliétèrre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Angliétèrre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anglatèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1" title="ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilaandi" title="Ingilaandi – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ingilaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Angliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਗਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انگلستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="အိန်းကလန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိန်းကလန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انګلستان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انګلستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingglan" title="Ingglan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ingglan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F" title="អង់គ្លេស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អង់គ្លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguelti%C3%A8re" title="Ingueltière – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ingueltière" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghilt%C3%A8ra" title="Anghiltèra – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Anghiltèra" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglan" title="Inglan – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Inglan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliya" title="Angliya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Angliya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engalterra" title="Engalterra – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Engalterra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlispampa" title="Inlispampa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inlispampa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Анґлія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Анґлія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D2%A5%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0" title="Ааҥылыйа – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ааҥылыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Egelani" title="'Egelani – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="'Egelani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D" title="इङ्ग्लेण्ड् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इङ्ग्लेण्ड्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghilterra" title="Inghilterra – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Inghilterra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingland" title="Ingland – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ingland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84nglound" title="Änglound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Änglound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelane" title="Engelane – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Engelane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng%C3%AAlan%C3%AA" title="Engêlanê – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Engêlanê" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Anglia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nglaterra" title="Nglaterra – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nglaterra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="එංගලන්තය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එංගලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="انگلينڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگلينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngilandi" title="Ngilandi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Ngilandi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglicko" title="Anglicko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anglicko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglija" title="Anglija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Anglija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngland" title="Yngland – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Yngland" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingiriiska" title="Ingiriiska – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ingiriiska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ئینگلتەرا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینگلتەرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Енглеска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енглеска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleska" title="Engleska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Engleska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englanti" title="Englanti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inglatera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="இங்கிலாந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இங்கிலாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legliz" title="Legliz – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Legliz" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဢိင်ႇၵလႅၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢိင်ႇၵလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="ఇంగ్లాండు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంగ్లాండు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ประเทศอังกฤษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ингилистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ингилистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIngilani" title="ʻIngilani – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻIngilani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ngiltere" title="İngiltere – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İngiltere" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%C3%BDa" title="Angliýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Angliýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngyiresi" title="Ngyiresi – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ngyiresi" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nggi%CC%B1lan" title="Nggi̱lan – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nggi̱lan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Англия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Англия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Англія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Англія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انگلستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انگلستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئەنگلىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەنگلىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inghiltera" title="Inghiltera – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inghiltera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglii" title="Anglii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Anglii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anh" title="Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingl%C3%A4n" title="Linglän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Linglän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%C3%BCsmaa" title="Inglüsmaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inglüsmaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglutere" title="Inglutere – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inglutere" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="英格蘭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="英格蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengeland" title="Iengeland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iengeland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglaterra" title="Inglaterra – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inglaterra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="英格兰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英格兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="ענגלאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענגלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80g%E1%BA%B9%CC%80%E1%BA%B9%CC%81s%C3%AC" title="Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilẹ̀gẹ̀ẹ́sì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="英格蘭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英格蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ng%C4%B1ltere" title="İngıltere – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İngıltere" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengeland" title="Iengeland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iengeland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongl%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Onglėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="英格兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英格兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilan" title="Ingilan – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ingilan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggeris" title="Inggeris – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggeris" title="Inggeris – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Inggris" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="England" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglet%C9%9B%C9%9Br%C3%A3" title="Angletɛɛrã – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Angletɛɛrã" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%81%EA%A0%8B%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%A6%EA%A0%98%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%92" title="ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingilt%C9%99r%C9%99" title="Ingiltərə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ingiltərə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=England&params=51_30_N_0_7_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°7′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.500°N 0.117°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.500; -0.117</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United</a> </p> <style 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.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8087921">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow 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.ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">England</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/134px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="134" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/200px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/267px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_England" title="Flag of England">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="of England"><img alt="of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/86px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/129px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/171px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> Various<br />Predominantly ‘<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>’<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(National anthem of the United Kingdom)</span> and ‘<a href="/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time" title="And did those feet in ancient time">Jerusalem</a>’</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of  England  (dark green) – on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the United Kingdom  (green)"><img alt="Location of  England  (dark green) – on the European continent  (green & dark grey) – in the United Kingdom  (green)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/250px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/375px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/500px-England_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:11px;line-height:1.15em;"><span style="font-size:11px;">Location of <span style="font-size:2px;"> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">England</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">dark green</span>)</span><p style="width:250px;font-size:11px;text-align:left;margin-left:1.2ex;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">– on the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European continent</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">green & dark grey</span>)<br />– in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">green</span>)</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=England&params=51_30_N_0_7_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°7′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.500°N 0.117°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.500; -0.117</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regional languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (<a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 United Kingdom Census">2011</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;">79.8% White British</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">4.6% White Other</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">2.6% <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian people">Indian</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">2.3% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">2.1% <a href="/wiki/Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani">Pakistani</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.8% African</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.6% <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian Other</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.1% Caribbean</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.0% <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.8% Bangladeshi</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.7% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.6% Other</li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">0.4% <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964" /><div class="plainlist" style="line-height:normal;white-space:nowrap;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></li><li style="margin-top:3px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of the United Kingdom (not yet started)">Legal jurisdiction</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964" /><div class="plainlist" style="line-height:normal;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li style="margin-top:3px;"><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Part of a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, direct government exercised by the government of the United Kingdom<sup class="reference" id="ref_footnote_a"><a href="#endnote_footnote_a">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10098372" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10098372" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-left:10px;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2017_United_Kingdom_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of MPs elected in the 2017 United Kingdom general election (not yet started)">House of Commons</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_England_(2019%E2%80%93present)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of MPs for constituencies in England (2019–present) (not yet started)">533 MPs</a> (of 650)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a><sup class="reference" id="ref_footnote_a"><a href="#endnote_footnote_a">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10098372" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> Unification of Angles, Saxons and Danes by Æthelstan </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 July 927</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Union with Scotland</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 1707</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Land</div></th><td class="infobox-data">130,279 km<sup>2</sup> (50,301 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2019 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 56,286,961<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2021 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">56,490,048</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">432/km<sup>2</sup> (1,118.9/sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-ONS-pop-ests-June2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS-pop-ests-June2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10098372" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gross_value_added&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gross value added (not yet started)">GVA</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2018 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6670383">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • Total</span></th><td class="infobox-data">£1.8 trillion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6670383" /><span class="nobold"> • Per capita</span></th><td class="infobox-data">£33,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">GBP</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pound_sign" title="Pound sign">£</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> </span> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy (<a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">+44</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:GB-ENG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:GB-ENG (not yet started)">GB-ENG</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br />gov.uk</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>England</b> is the largest of the four countries which make up the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. It is on the island of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. </p><p>Over 560.5 million people live in England (2021 estimate). This is 84% of the population of the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-ONS-pop-ests-June2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS-pop-ests-June2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> of England is <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. London is also the biggest city in the country. Other large cities in England are <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>. </p><p>The English flag is a red cross on a white background. This cross is the cross of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a>, who is the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of England. Some other symbols used for England are a red <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a> and the three lions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although people had lived in England long before, it was a long time before the land was unified. The earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">Homo antecessor</a></i>, about 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date to 500,000 years ago. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" title="Beaker culture">Beaker culture</a> arrived around 2,500 <a href="/wiki/BC" class="mw-redirect" title="BC">BC</a>. They used drinking and food vessels made from clay, and vessels used as reduction pots to smelt <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ores</a>. There was extensive <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> trips to the islands around Scotland, and to Ireland, long before England was a unified country: check <a href="/wiki/Skara_Brae" title="Skara Brae">Skara Brae</a> for one example. </p><p>Unification was first done by <a href="/wiki/Athelstan" title="Athelstan">Æthelstan</a> in 927 and <a href="/wiki/Edred_of_England" title="Edred of England">Eadred</a> in 953. A wave of Scandinavian attacks occurred from the late 10th century. They ended with the conquest of this united kingdom by <a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a> in 1013 and again by his son <a href="/wiki/Canute" title="Canute">Cnut</a> in 1016. This turned the country into the centre of a short-lived North Sea Empire which included <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. However, the native royal dynasty was restored with the accession of <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a> in 1042. When King Edward died, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold Godwinson</a> (the Earl of Wessex) became king. <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>, Duke of <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> (today part of northern France), said that Harold had promised to make William the king. He invaded England and fought King Harold at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings" title="Battle of Hastings">Battle of Hastings</a> in 1066. William won, and became king of England. </p><p>Subsequently, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a> from <a href="/wiki/Anjou" title="Anjou">Anjou</a> inherited the English throne under <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a>, adding England to the budding <a href="/wiki/Angevin_Empire" title="Angevin Empire">Angevin Empire</a>. They reigned for three centuries, some noted monarchs being <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a>. </p><p>The period saw changes in trade and legislation, including the signing of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>, an English legal charter. <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> monasticism flourished. The <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> were founded with royal <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">Principality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> became a Plantagenet <a href="/wiki/Fiefdom" title="Fiefdom">fief</a> during the 13th century and the Lordship of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> was given to the English monarchy by the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>. </p><p>During the 14th century, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">Plantagenets</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a> both claimed to own the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Capet">House of Capet</a> and, with it, France. The two powers clashed in the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a> hit England: starting in 1348, it killed up to half the population. From 1453 to 1487 civil war occurred between two branches of the royal family – the Yorkists and Lancastrians – known as the Wars of the Roses. Eventually it led to the Yorkists losing the throne entirely to Tudors. Henry Tudor invaded with Welsh and Breton mercenaries, won at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Battle of Bosworth Field</a> where the Yorkist king <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a> was killed. </p><p>For many centuries the religion of England was <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>. The bishops (church leaders) of England and all their churches obeyed the Pope and the church in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> many did not agree with this. In the 1530s, the Pope told King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> that he could not divorce his wife. Henry VIII made the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> (a "<a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>" church) partly so that he could divorce his wife. He made Protestantism the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official church</a> in England. For the next 200 years, there was struggle over whether the King (or Queen) of England should be <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>. </p><p>Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> was Henry's second daughter. She was a powerful queen who ruled for more than 40 years. Elizabethan England was the best of the English <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and saw the flowering of art, poetry, music and literature. The era is most famous for its drama, theatre and playwrights. Queen Elizabeth I had no children. </p><p>In 1603 <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a> (the son of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>) became King <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">James I of England</a>. He called his two countries "Great Britain", but they were still separate countries with their own <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliaments</a> and laws, even though they were in <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> because they shared the same <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_I_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Charles_I_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/220px-Charles_I_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Charles_I_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/330px-Charles_I_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Charles_I_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg/440px-Charles_I_by_Daniel_Mytens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2355" data-file-height="3855" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Charles I of England</figcaption></figure> <p>James' son, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> and the English Parliament fought each other in the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> were involved as well, and the story is complicated!). Oliver Cromwell became leader of the Parliamentary Army (the "Roundheads") and defeated the Royalist Army (the "Cavaliers"). King Charles was beheaded in 1649 and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> became <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a> ("Lord Protector"). When Cromwell died, his son Richard was not strong enough to rule, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, the son of Charles I, was invited to come to England and be king in 1660. </p><p>When King Charles II died, his brother James II was the next king. A lot of people did not like James because he was <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholic</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William of Orange</a> was invited to invade England.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the ruler of part of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and husband of Mary, the daughter of King James. Many people welcomed William because he was a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>. </p><p>James left the country without a fight and Parliament asked William and Mary to become King and Queen together. When <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" title="Mary II of England">Mary II of England</a> died, William ruled alone. Queen Mary's <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne of Great Britain">sister Anne</a> became the next queen. While she was queen, England and Scotland were officially joined as one country. This was called the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a>. It also merged their separate parliaments. The parliament in London now included Scottish <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Members of Parliament</a> ("MPs"), and was called the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a>. </p><p>After this, the history of England becomes the history of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. Under the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>, the Royal Society and the Scottish Enlightenment created innovations in science and engineering. The enormous growth in British overseas trade protected by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> paved the way for the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Domestically it drove the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, which was a period of profound change in the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in England. Industrialised agriculture, manufacture, engineering and mining became important. New and pioneering road, rail and water networks helped the expansion and development. </p><p>The United Kingdom was formed in 1800, when the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliament" title="Irish Parliament">Irish Parliament</a> merged with the British one. Later on, many in Ireland fought against this merger. The result was the separation of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>. This is not the whole of Ireland. The rest of the island, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, is now the only part of Ireland still in the UK. England is the only country of UK not to have its own government, Parliament or Assembly, but is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>. Seats in Parliament are mostly decided by the number of electors in the various parts of the UK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Geography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>England is the largest part of the island of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, and it is also the largest <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">constituent country</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> are also part of Great Britain (and the UK), Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. To the east and south, and part of the west, England is bordered by sea. <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> is to the south, separated by the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a>, (Chunnel) under the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, connects England to northern France (and the rest of mainland <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> is a large island to the west, divided into <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> which is part of the United Kingdom, and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>. </p> <p><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> is the largest city and the capital. The longest river in England is the <a href="/wiki/River_Severn" title="River Severn">River Severn</a>. Other large rivers are the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames</a> (which runs through London), the <a href="/wiki/River_Trent" title="River Trent">Trent</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Humber" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber">Humber</a>. In geological terms, the <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennines</a>, known as the "backbone of England", are the oldest range of mountains in England, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago. Most of England's landscape consists of low hills and plains, with upland and mountainous terrain in the north and west of the country.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenridding,_Cumbria,_England_-_June_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg/296px-Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="296" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg/444px-Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg/592px-Glenridding%2C_Cumbria%2C_England_-_June_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3947" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption>Glenridding, <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The English Lowlands are in the central and southern regions of the country, consisting of green rolling chalk hills, including the Cotswold Hills, Chiltern Hills, North and South Downs; where they meet the sea they form white chalk exposures such as the cliffs of Dover. This also includes relatively flat plains such as the Salisbury Plain, Somerset Levels, South Coast Plain. The <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">Fens</a> are the natural <a href="/wiki/Marshlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshlands">marshlands</a> once widespread in various parts of England. </p><p>The United Kingdom is reducing <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">greenhouse gas emissions</a>. In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</a> became the first national government in the world to officially declare a <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate emergency</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements">Achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Achievements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Achievements"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>England has been central to many aspects of the modern world. <a href="/wiki/Global" title="Global">Global</a> exploration and <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, modern <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, modern <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Railways">railways</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, the development of modern representative <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>. In all these developments England was deeply involved. In some of them, such as the Industrial Revolution, England was the place where modern developments first occurred. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Society" title="The Royal Society">The Royal Society</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a> for <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and scientists. It was founded in 1660 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>. It is the oldest society of its kind still in existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Language" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Language"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a></div> <p>The English <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a> is a <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Germanic language">West Germanic language</a> spoken in many <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">countries</a> around the world. With around 380 million native speakers, it is the second most spoken <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages" title="List of languages">language in the world</a>, as a native language. As many as a billion people speak it as a second language. English is an influence on, and has been influenced by, many other languages. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> was an <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a>. He wrote plays in the late 16th century. Some of his plays were <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i>. In the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> were novelists. Twentieth century writers include the science fiction novelist <a href="/wiki/H.G._Wells" class="mw-redirect" title="H.G. Wells">H.G. Wells</a> and <a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a>. The children's fantasy <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter" title="Harry Potter">Harry Potter</a></i> series was written by <a href="/wiki/J.K._Rowling" class="mw-redirect" title="J.K. Rowling">J.K. Rowling</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a> was also from the United Kingdom. </p><p>English language literature is written by authors from many countries. Eight people from the United Kingdom have won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Climate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Climate"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a>. There can be a temperature difference of 5–10<b>°</b>c between the north and the south (the north is generally colder), and there is often snow in the north before there is in the south. </p><p>The prevailing <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">wind</a> for most of the year is from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a>, to the west of England. Therefore, there is more rain on the western side of the country. The east is colder and drier than the west. The country usually has a mild climate because the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> to the western side is warm water. The climate is warmer than it was 200 years ago, and now ice and snow are rare in the southern part of the country. Occasionally, air from the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a> comes down the eastern side of the country and the temperature can drop below 0<sup>o</sup>C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Politics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Politics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(St._Edward%27s_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28St._Edward%27s_Crown%29.svg/254px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28St._Edward%27s_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="254" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28St._Edward%27s_Crown%29.svg/381px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28St._Edward%27s_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28St._Edward%27s_Crown%29.svg/508px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%28St._Edward%27s_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <p>As part of the United Kingdom, the basic political system in England is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>. It has a <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> (meaning a king or queen is the head of that country). The head of state is <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a>, who is became King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland upon his Mother's death on 9/8/2022, after her 70-year reign. The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" class="mw-disambig" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a> is the lower house of the British Parliament in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>. There are 532 Members of Parliament (MPs) for constituencies in England, out of the 650 total. </p><p>The English people are represented by members of <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a>, not ruled by monarchs. After the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> became Lord Protector, and the monarchy was disbanded. Although the monarchy was restored after his death, the Crown slowly became the secondary power, and Parliament the first. Members of Parliament (called <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">MPs</a>) were elected, but until the early twentieth century, only men who owned property could vote. In the nineteenth century, more people were given <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>. But in 1928, all men and women got the vote: this is called "universal suffrage". Parliament is in <a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a> in London, but it has power over the whole of the United Kingdom. </p><p>Almost all members of Parliament belong to <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a>. The biggest parties are the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party">Conservative Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Democrats">Liberal Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party.</a> Members of the same party agree to act and vote more or less together. A party with more than half the seats (a majority) forms the government; the leader of the party becomes the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a>, who then appoints other ministers. Because the government has a majority in Parliament, it can normally control what laws are passed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Economy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Economy"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>England has a mixed market economy. It has adopted many free market principles, yet has an advanced <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">social welfare infrastructure</a>. The official currency in England is the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a>, which is the oldest currency in use. England is a leader in the chemical and <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical">pharmaceutical</a> sectors and in key technical industries, particularly aerospace, the arms industry, and the software industry. </p><p>London is home to the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>, the United Kingdom's main stock exchange and the largest in Europe. It is England's <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">financial centre</a>, with 100 of Europe's 500 largest corporations being based there. London is the largest financial centre in Europe, and as of 2014 is the second largest in the world. Manchester is the largest financial and professional services sector outside London and is the mid tier private equity capital of Europe as well as one of the growing technology hubs of Europe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_conurbations">Major conurbations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Major conurbations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Major conurbations"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9496804/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:257px;max-width:257px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shambles_shopper_8686.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Shambles_shopper_8686.jpg/124px-Shambles_shopper_8686.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Shambles_shopper_8686.jpg/186px-Shambles_shopper_8686.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Shambles_shopper_8686.jpg/248px-Shambles_shopper_8686.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_(14511639473).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cambridge_%2814511639473%29.jpg/125px-Cambridge_%2814511639473%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cambridge_%2814511639473%29.jpg/188px-Cambridge_%2814511639473%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cambridge_%2814511639473%29.jpg/250px-Cambridge_%2814511639473%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:River_wear_at_durham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/River_wear_at_durham.jpg/117px-River_wear_at_durham.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/River_wear_at_durham.jpg/176px-River_wear_at_durham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/River_wear_at_durham.jpg/234px-River_wear_at_durham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Durham" class="mw-disambig" title="Durham">Durham</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greys_Monument_Newcastle_1329931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greys_Monument_Newcastle_1329931.jpg/132px-Greys_Monument_Newcastle_1329931.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greys_Monument_Newcastle_1329931.jpg/198px-Greys_Monument_Newcastle_1329931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Greys_Monument_Newcastle_1329931.jpg/264px-Greys_Monument_Newcastle_1329931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Newcastle" class="mw-disambig" title="Newcastle">Newcastle</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">Greater London Built-up Area</a> is by far the largest urban area in England and one of the busiest cities in the world. It is considered a global city and has a population larger than any other country in the United Kingdom besides England itself. </p><p>Other urban areas of considerable size and influence tend to be in northern England or the English Midlands. There are 52 settlements which have designated city status in England, while the wider <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> has 70. City status in England is granted by the monarch to a select group of communities. </p><p>While many cities in England are quite large, such as <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, population size is not a prerequisite for city status. Traditionally the status was given to towns with diocesan cathedrals, so there are smaller cities like <a href="/wiki/Wells" class="mw-disambig" title="Wells">Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Education" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Education"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>State <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a> exist. These consist of academy schools, community schools, sixth form colleges, further education colleges, grammar schools, foundation schools, faith schools, free schools, studio schools, university technical colleges and city technology colleges. The most common specialist schools are performing arts schools, science schools, maths schools, business schools and technology schools.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independent public or prep schools also exist. <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harrow_School" title="Harrow School">Harrow School</a> are the best known independent schools. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canaletto_(II)_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Canaletto_%28II%29_005.jpg/220px-Canaletto_%28II%29_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Canaletto_%28II%29_005.jpg/330px-Canaletto_%28II%29_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Canaletto_%28II%29_005.jpg/440px-Canaletto_%28II%29_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3466" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> in 1746</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">National Curriculum</a> was introduced in 1988, to give pupils a broad and balanced curriculum. The school curriculum aims to promote the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils. Its purpose is to prepare them for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many prominent people who have reached the top in their fields have been products of English higher education. There have been universities in England since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. Ancient universities started in this time and in the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>. The two oldest and most prestigious universities are <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford University</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College">Imperial College</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester University">Manchester University</a> are also highly rated by independent lists. There are now about a hundred universities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Transport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Transport"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Road traffic in the U.K. drives on the left hand side of the road (unlike the Americas and most of Europe). The driver sits on the right hand side of the vehicle. The road network on the island of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> is extensive, with most main roads dating from Roman and medieval times. The system of motorways is more modern. </p><p>The system of <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail transport</a> was invented in England, so it has the oldest <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> network in the world. It was built mostly during the Victorian era. The extensive railway network covers the entire country. The system of underground railways in London, known as the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">Tube</a>, has been copied by many other cities around the globe. England is home to the largest airport and is one of the most important international <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hubs</a> in the world. A system of <a href="/wiki/Motorways" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorways">motorways</a> for road transport exists between some major cities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Media"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> broadcasts in the United Kingdom and other <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">countries</a> on <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. The BBC also sells its programmes to other broadcasting companies around world. The organisation is run by a group of twelve <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governors</a> who have been given the job by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">the King</a>, on the advice of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">ministers</a>. The BBC is established under a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>, which allows the BBC to broadcast. </p><p>National newspapers produced in England include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>.</i> Magazines and journals published in England that have achieved worldwide circulation include <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Musical_Express" title="New Musical Express">NME</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>.    </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_culture">English culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: English culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: English culture"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldeburgh_Festival" title="Aldeburgh Festival">Aldeburgh Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Society" title="The Royal Society">The Royal Society</a> </p><p>English culture can be compared with <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> countries. Humour, tradition and good manners are characteristics commonly associated with being English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Sport"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating in England include association football, cricket, rugby union, rugby league, tennis, boxing, badminton, squash, rounders, hockey, snooker, billiards, darts, table tennis, bowls, netball, thoroughbred horseracing, and greyhound racing. It has helped the development of golf, sailing and <a href="/wiki/Formula_1" title="Formula 1">Formula One</a> car racing. </p><p>Despite having invented the game, The English <a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">football</a> team only won the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">World Cup</a> in 1966. They came close in Italy 1990, losing in the semi-final against West Germany on penalties. The England women's national football team won the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012" title="UEFA Euro 2012">UEFA Euro 2022</a>. After winning the <a href="/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2019 Cricket World Cup">2019 Cricket World Cup</a>, England became the first country to win the World Cups in football, rugby union and cricket.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a> invented: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards">Billiards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snooker" title="Snooker">snooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn_tennis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawn tennis">Lawn tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darts" title="Darts">Darts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_tennis" title="Real tennis">Tennis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_from_England">People from England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: People from England" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: People from England"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many well known English people. Here are just a few of them: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> (1343–1400), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> (1564–1616), playwright, poet</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a> (1632–1723), architect</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1642–1727), mathematician and <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Henry_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Henry VIII">King Henry VIII</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Mallord William Turner">Joseph Mallord William Turner</a> (1775–1851), landscape and marine artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a> (1776–1837), landscape painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a> (1775–1817), novelist, <i><a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Pride and Prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> (1770–1850), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> (1791–1867), discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">electromagnetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> (1812–1870), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel" title="Isambard Kingdom Brunel">Isambard Kingdom Brunel</a> (1806–1859), <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> (1809–1882), biologist, <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="The Origin of Species">The Origin of Species</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bazalgette" title="Joseph Bazalgette">Joseph Bazalgette</a> (1819 –1891), engineer and architect of drinkable water</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J.J. Thomson">J.J. Thomson</a> (1856–1940), <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Carter" title="Howard Carter">Howard Carter</a> (1874–1939), <a href="/wiki/Archaeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologist">archaeologist</a> (Egypt)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1874–1965), twice <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a>, led country during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a> (1892–1973), author and scholar, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> (1916–2004), co-discovery of the structure of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>, musical group: (1962–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>, rock band</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>, rock band</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a> (1961–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> (1925–2013), <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> 1979–1990</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Matthews" title="Stanley Matthews">Stanley Matthews</a> (1915–2000), footballer, 1956 <a href="/wiki/Ballon_d%27Or" title="Ballon d'Or">Ballon d'Or</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Moore" title="Bobby Moore">Bobby Moore</a> (1941–1993), footballer, captain of the England team that won the <a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1966 FIFA World Cup">1966 FIFA World Cup</a>.</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Charlton" title="Bobby Charlton">Bobby Charlton</a>, footballer, <a href="/wiki/1966_Ballon_d%27Or" title="1966 Ballon d'Or">1966</a> <a href="/wiki/Ballon_d%27Or" title="Ballon d'Or">Ballon d'Or</a> winner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton" title="Lewis Hamilton">Lewis Hamilton</a>, Formula 1 driver and world champion 2008, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Winehouse" title="Amy Winehouse">Amy Winehouse</a> (1983–2011), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> (1942-2018), theoretical <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divisions">Divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Divisions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Divisions"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Somerset_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somerset_Flag.svg/220px-Somerset_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somerset_Flag.svg/330px-Somerset_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Somerset_Flag.svg/440px-Somerset_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the English <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></figcaption></figure> <p>England is divided into 48 ceremonial <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">counties</a>, which are also known as geographic counties. The counties of England are areas used for different purposes, which include administrative, geographical, cultural and local politics. The original county structure has its origins in the Middle Ages. The historic counties of <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland" title="Cumberland">Cumberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a> are the five defunct ceremonial counties which were historically counties. </p><p>Yorkshire is divided into the East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire, Cumberland and Westmorland were combined with a former exclave of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire" title="Huntingdonshire">Huntingdonshire</a> merged into <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, and most of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a> became part of <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>. </p><p>There is no well-established series of official symbols or flags covering all the counties. From 1889 the newly created county councils could apply to the College of Arms for coats of arms. A recent series of flags, with varying levels of official adoption, have been established in many of the counties by competition or public poll. County days are a recent innovation in some areas. There are seventeen first-class county cricket teams that are based on historical English counties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">Shire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls">"2011 Census: KS201EW Ethnic group: local authorities in England and Wales"</a>. Office for National Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Census%3A+KS201EW+Ethnic+group%3A+local+authorities+in+England+and+Wales&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census%2Fkey-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales%2Frft-table-ks201ew.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEngland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257">Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles, October 2013</a>, ONS. Retrieved 9 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2019estimates">"Population estimates for the UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland – Office for National Statistics"</a>. <i>www.ons.gov.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Population+estimates+for+the+UK%2C+England+and+Wales%2C+Scotland+and+Northern+Ireland+%E2%80%93+Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fbulletins%2Fannualmidyearpopulationestimates%2Fmid2019estimates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEngland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONS-pop-ests-June2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ONS-pop-ests-June2018_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ONS-pop-ests-June2018_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite id="CITEREFJonathan2018" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan, McMullan (28 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/latest">"Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland"</a>. <i>www.ons.gov.uk</i>. Office for National Statistics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ons.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Population+estimates+for+UK%2C+England+and+Wales%2C+Scotland+and+Northern+Ireland&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft.aulast=Jonathan&rft.aufirst=McMullan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fbulletins%2Fannualmidyearpopulationestimates%2Flatest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEngland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Colley, Linda 1992. <i>Britons: forging the nation, 1701–1837</i>. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05737-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05737-9">978-0-300-05737-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school">"Types of school"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Types+of+school&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Ftypes-of-school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEngland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket-world-cup-2019/story/england-1st-country-to-win-cricket-world-cup-football-world-cup-and-rugby-world-cup-1569076-2019-07-15">"England 1st country to win Cricket World Cup, Football World Cup and Rugby World Cup"</a>. <i>India Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=England+1st+country+to+win+Cricket+World+Cup%2C+Football+World+Cup+and+Rugby+World+Cup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fsports%2Fcricket-world-cup-2019%2Fstory%2Fengland-1st-country-to-win-cricket-world-cup-football-world-cup-and-rugby-world-cup-1569076-2019-07-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEngland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=England&action=edit&section=18" 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alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Countries, territories and dependencies of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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