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</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <script type="text/javascript"></script>   </td> </tr>  <tr> <td><a href="/web/20090619085738/https://www.thejc.com/promotions"><img src="/web/20090619085738im_/https://www.thejc.com/images/button_events.jpg"></a></td>  </tr> <tr> <td> <div id="block-menu-60" class="block block-menu"> <h2>MOST READ TODAY</h2> <div class="view view-top-articles"><div class="view-content view-content-top-articles"><div class="item-list"><ul><li class="first"><div class="view-item view-item-top-articles"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090619085738/https://www.thejc.com/articles/julie-burchill-joins-brighton-shul">Julie Burchill joins Brighton shul</a></div></div> </li> <li><div class="view-item view-item-top-articles"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090619085738/https://www.thejc.com/articles/protest-charity-chief-honoured">Protest as charity chief is honoured</a></div></div> </li> <li><div class="view-item 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class="content"><div class="content-article"><div class="paper">From The Jewish Chronicle</div><div class="autor">Rabbi Julian Sinclair</div><div class="created">May 2, 2008</div><table><tr><td> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619085738/http://www.twitter.com/JewishChron"><img src="/web/20090619085738im_/https://www.thejc.com/images/twitter_small.jpg"></a> </td><td> <p class="links"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619085738/http://www.twitter.com/JewishChron">Follow the JC on Twitter</a></p> </td></tr></table> <p>Usually translated as “Chapters of the Fathers”, <i>Pirkei Avot</i> is a Mishnaic tractate that comprises aphorisms on the topic of ethics. Among the celebrated sayings of Pirkei Avot is: “Hillel would say, ‘If I am not for myself, who will be for me? And when I am for myself, what am I? And if not now, when?’” (1:14).</p> <p>Avot literally means “fathers”, but in Mishnaic Hebrew, it also refers to fundamental principles, as in the four avot nezikin — the four principle categories of civil damages. In this light, <i>Pirkei Avot</i> can also be translated as “Chapters on Fundamental (Ethical) Principles”.</p> <p>One might be surprised to find <i>Pirkei Avot</i> at the end of the Order of Civil Damages (Seder Nezikin). Why conclude a Mishnaic order that deals with the technicalities of theft, assault, and oxen gone wild with six chapters on morality? What does the everyday reality of crime have to do with the quest for moral improvement? Everything. </p> <p>The Maharal of Prague explains that Nezikin involves the perfection of one’s relations with the other — the state of never harming another — while <i>Pirkei Avot</i> involves the perfection of one’s self, one’s moral character.</p> <p>It is customary to study <i>Pirkei Avot</i> on Shabbat afternoon at this time of year. In what seems a very English explanation, the Maharal states that the mild weather of these spring months were ideal for study.</p><div class="created">Last updated: 2:36pm, May 7 2008</div><ul class="links inline"><li class="first forward_links"><a href="/web/20090619085738/https://www.thejc.com/forward/860" title="Forward this page to a friend" class="forward-page forward_links">Email this page</a></li> <li class="print"><a href="/web/20090619085738/https://www.thejc.com/print/860" title="Display a printer-friendly version of this page." class="print-page print" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><img width="16px" height="16px" style="vertical-align:middle" src="/web/20090619085738im_/https://www.thejc.com/modules/print/icons/print_icon.gif" alt="Printer-friendly version"/></a></li> <li class="service_links_delicious"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619085738/http://del.icio.us/post?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Farticles%2F2008502860%2Fpirkei-avot&title=Pirkei+Avot" 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