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He was 84. For the last three and a half years he had lived in Newtown, Pa. The cause was a heart attack, said his wife, Barbara."/> <meta property="twitter:description" itemprop="description" content="Martin Schwarzschild, an astronomer who studied the structure and evolution of stars and who was the first to use a hot air balloon to carry a telescope into the stratosphere to take clearer pictures of the Sun, died on Thursday at St. Mary Medical Center in Langhorne, Pa. He was 84. For the last three and a half years he had lived in Newtown, Pa. 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