CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html data-n-head-ssr class="" lang="sv" data-n-head="%7B%22class%22:%7B%22ssr%22:null%7D,%22style%22:%7B%22ssr%22:%5B%5D%7D,%22lang%22:%7B%22ssr%22:%22sv%22%7D%7D"> <head > <title>Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942 | popularhistoria.se</title><meta data-n-head="ssr" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"><meta data-n-head="ssr" http-equiv="Accept-CH" content="DPR, Width, Viewport-Width"><meta data-n-head="ssr" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bwlVersion" content="1.5.2"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="fb:app_id" content="105617402794483"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:locale" content="sv_SE"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:site_name" content="Populär Historia"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="theme-color" content="#ed4b36"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="description" content="Under andra världskriget stod den svenska flottan i hög beredskap för att försvara landet och säkra handelsvägarna, även när konflikten med sovjetiska ubåtar intensifierades."><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:url" content="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/ubatskriget-i-ostersjon"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:title" content="Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:description" content="Under andra världskriget stod den svenska flottan i hög beredskap för att försvara landet och säkra handelsvägarna, även när konflikten med sovjetiska ubåtar intensifierades."><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:type" content="article"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="article:published_time" content="2024-01-16T13:53:11.000Z"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="article:modified_time" content="2024-01-18T09:50:15.000Z"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="article:section" content="Sjöfart"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:article:author" content="Lars Ericson Wolke"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?max-w=1200&max-h=630&fit=crop"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?max-w=1200&max-h=630&fit=crop"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image:width" content="1200"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image:height" content="630"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:description" content="Under andra världskriget stod den svenska flottan i hög beredskap för att försvara landet och säkra handelsvägarna, även när konflikten med sovjetiska ubåtar intensifierades."><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:title" content="Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:image" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:image" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cxense-site-id" content="1144078187860753704"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-country" content="se"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-brand" content="PHI"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-language" content="sv"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:articleid" content="21648"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-pagetype" content="article"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:pageclass" content="content"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:title" content="Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:body-text" content="Under hela [andra världskriget](https://popularhistoria.se/krig/andra-varldskriget/del-1-i-en-serie-om-andra-varldskriget-1939-varldskriget-bryter-ut {"target":"_blank"}) hade den svenska flottan hög beredskap. Detta för att skydda mot en eventuell invasion över havet, men också för att eskortera svenska handelsfartyg. När Tyskland anföll Danmark och Norge den 9 april 1940, räknade den svenska flottan 149 fartyg av alla storlekar. Därtill kom ett stort antal civila fartyg, exempelvis så kallade hjälpvedettbåtar. Vid krigsslutet fanns det 213 fartyg i flottan, och då hade ändå 25 äldre fartyg skrotats. Men en intensiv verksamhet på svenska varv resulterade i hela 82 nya sjösatta fartyg. Dessutom lyckades man köpa 10 fartyg från utlandet."><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:description" content="Under andra världskriget stod den svenska flottan i hög beredskap för att försvara landet och säkra handelsvägarna, även när konflikten med sovjetiska ubåtar intensifierades."><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:image" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-danishsearchtitle" content=""><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:recs:recommendable" content="true"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-metatag-changedate" content="2024-01-18T09:50:15.000Z"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:recs:publishtime" content="2024-01-16T13:53:11.000Z"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:time:bse-featuredtime" content="2024-01-16T13:53:11.000Z"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-reading-time" content="3"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-taxo-cat" content="Sjöfart"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-taxo-cat-url" content="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-taxo-cat-top" content="Teknik"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-taxo-editorial-type" content=""><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-taxo-hiddentag" content="Newsletterblock"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-brand" content="PHI"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-country" content="se"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-type" content="site"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-tablet-breakpoint" content="1025"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-mobile-breakpoint" content="768"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-title" content="Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-sub" content="Teknik"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-categories" content="Sjöfart,Teknik"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bcm-tags" content="Newsletterblock"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="k5a:contentTag" content="Newsletterblock"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-tv" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=13:9"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-square" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=1:1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-wide169" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=16:9"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-tv" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=13:9"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-square" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=1:1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-wide169" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=16:9"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-tv" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=13:9"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-square" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=1:1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-wide169" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=16:9"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-tv" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=13:9"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-square" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=1:1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-wide169" content="q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=16:9"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.ico"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="canonical" href="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/ubatskriget-i-ostersjon"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Populär Historia RSS feed" href="https://popularhistoria.se/feed/rss"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="alternate" hreflang="sv-SE" href="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/ubatskriget-i-ostersjon"><link data-n-head="ssr" rel="preload" as="image" href="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w" srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=960 960w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=900 900w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=800 800w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=600 600w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=500 500w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=400 400w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=350 350w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=300 300w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=275 275w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=250 250w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=225 225w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=200 200w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=175 175w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=150 150w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=125 125w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=100 100w"><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="gtm-script">if(!window._gtm_init){window._gtm_init=1;(function(w,n,d,m,e,p){w[d]=(w[d]==1||n[d]=='yes'||n[d]==1||n[m]==1||(w[e]&&w[e][p]&&w[e][p]()))?1:0})(window,navigator,'doNotTrack','msDoNotTrack','external','msTrackingProtectionEnabled');(function(w,d,s,l,x,y){w[x]={};w._gtm_inject=function(i){if(w.doNotTrack||w[x][i])return;w[x][i]=1;w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s);j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);}})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','_gtm_ids','_gtm_inject')}</script><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="CookieConsent" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">window.gdprAppliesGlobally=true;(function(){function r(e){if(!window.frames[e]){if(document.body&&document.body.firstChild){var t=document.body;var n=document.createElement("iframe");n.style.display="none";n.name=e;n.title=e;t.insertBefore(n,t.firstChild)}else{setTimeout(function(){r(e)},5)}}}function e(n,i,o,c,s){function e(e,t,n,r){if(typeof n!=="function"){return}if(!window[i]){window[i]=[]}var a=false;if(s){a=s(e,r,n)}if(!a){window[i].push({command:e,version:t,callback:n,parameter:r})}}e.stub=true;e.stubVersion=2;function t(r){if(!window[n]||window[n].stub!==true){return}if(!r.data){return}var a=typeof r.data==="string";var e;try{e=a?JSON.parse(r.data):r.data}catch(t){return}if(e[o]){var i=e[o];window[n](i.command,i.version,function(e,t){var n={};n[c]={returnValue:e,success:t,callId:i.callId};r.source.postMessage(a?JSON.stringify(n):n,"*")},i.parameter)}}if(typeof window[n]!=="function"){window[n]=e;if(window.addEventListener){window.addEventListener("message",t,false)}else{window.attachEvent("onmessage",t)}}}e("__tcfapi","__tcfapiBuffer","__tcfapiCall","__tcfapiReturn");r("__tcfapiLocator");(function(e,t){var n=document.createElement("link");n.rel="preload";n.as="script";var r=document.createElement("script");r.id="spcloader";r.type="text/javascript";r["async"]=true;r.charset="utf-8";var a="https://sdk.privacy-center.org/"+e+"/loader.js?target_type=notice&target="+t;n.href=a;r.src=a;var i=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];i.parentNode.insertBefore(n,i);i.parentNode.insertBefore(r,i)})("fb809c51-e9cd-4e35-a92d-e44bb858841e","g4pXwYB2")})();</script><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="DidomiConfig" innterHTML="window.didomiConfig = { user: { bots: { consentRequired: false, types: ['crawlers', 'performance'], extraUserAgents: [], } } }" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="bau-script-id" src="https://assets.bonad.io/bundles/bau-noprebid.js"></script><script data-n-head="ssr" type="didomi/javascript" data-vendor="iab:52" async src="https://micro.rubiconproject.com/prebid/dynamic/12954.js?site=BP_SE"></script><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="cxense" src="https://cdn.cxense.com/cx.cce.js" defer ssr="false"></script><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="common-bonnier-datalayer-cloud-script" src="https://europe-west1-bonnier-big-data.cloudfunctions.net/commonBonnierDataLayer" async></script><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="cxense-init" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> window.cX = window.cX || {} window.cX.callQueue = window.cX.callQueue || [] window.cX.callQueue.push(['setSiteId', '1144078187860753704']) window.cX.callQueue.push(['sendPageViewEvent']) </script><script data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="piano-script" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" ssr="false"> tp = window.tp || []; tp.push(["setAid", 'e12AvcYGpu']); tp.push(["setSandbox", false]); tp.push(["setCxenseSiteId", '1144078187860753704']); (function(src) { var a = document.createElement("script"); a.type = "text/javascript"; a.async = true; a.src = src; var b = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) })("https://cdn.tinypass.com/api/tinypass.min.js"); </script><script data-n-head="ssr" type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","@id":"https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/ubatskriget-i-ostersjon#article","inLanguage":"sv-SE","url":"https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/ubatskriget-i-ostersjon","mainEntityOfPage":"https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/ubatskriget-i-ostersjon","name":"Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942","image":"https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg","description":"Under andra världskriget stod den svenska flottan i hög beredskap för att försvara landet och säkra handelsvägarna, även när konflikten med sovjetiska ubåtar intensifierades.","headline":"Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942","datePublished":"2024-01-16T13:53:11.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-18T09:50:15.000Z","publisher":[{"@type":"Organization","url":"https://popularhistoria.se","name":"Populär Historia","description":"Sedan 1991 berättar tidningen Populär Historia om fascinerande händelser och personer, från forntid till folkhem.","logo":[{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"popularhistoria.se/logo.png"}]}],"author":[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://popularhistoria.se/author/lars-ericson-wolke/#Person","name":"Lars Ericson Wolke","url":"https://popularhistoria.se/author/lars-ericson-wolke","jobTitle":"Historisk skribent","description":"","image":[]}],"potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://popularhistoria.se"]},{"@type":"SearchAction","target":[{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://popularhistoria.se/search?s={search_term_string}"}],"query-input":[{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":"https://schema.org/True","valueName":"search_term_string"}]}]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ItemList","itemListElement":[]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ItemList","itemListElement":[]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":0,"name":"teknik","item":"https://popularhistoria.se/teknik"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"sjofart","item":"https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"ubatskriget i ostersjon","item":null}]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Article","@id":"https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/ubatskriget-i-ostersjon#article","inLanguage":"sv-SE","isAccessibleForFree":true}]</script><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/96c9e07.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/97109a0.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/css/ce3c010.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/00e7755.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/css/5f90198.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/678f290.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/b4e1666.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/css/fc7695f.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/9068e0a.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/css/0642245.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/3d1def3.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/32dc11e.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/css/551ec1c.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/215629e.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/637e2d8.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/css/e51f96b.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/_nuxt/5e0ea2b.js" as="script"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_nuxt/css/ce3c010.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_nuxt/css/5f90198.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_nuxt/css/fc7695f.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_nuxt/css/0642245.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_nuxt/css/551ec1c.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_nuxt/css/e51f96b.css"> </head> <body class="no-js" data-n-head="%7B%22class%22:%7B%22ssr%22:%22no-js%22%7D%7D"> <noscript data-n-head="ssr" data-hid="gtm-noscript" data-pbody="true"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5HQ6KLM&" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="gtm"></iframe></noscript><div data-server-rendered="true" id="__nuxt"><div id="__layout"><main data-fetch-key="data-v-fa71aff2:0" style="position:relative;" data-v-fa71aff2><div id="mkt-placement-5" data-v-afb14004 data-v-fa71aff2></div> <div id="mkt-placement-4" data-v-afb14004 data-v-fa71aff2></div> <div id="mkt-placement-11" data-v-afb14004 data-v-fa71aff2></div> <div class="banner-header" data-v-fa71aff2><div class="grid__item--full default-banner-size topscroll-banner" data-v-fa71aff2></div></div> <header class="header" data-v-61b359a7 data-v-fa71aff2><div class="header__container" data-v-61b359a7><div class="header-grid" data-v-61b359a7><div class="header-grid__logo" data-v-61b359a7><a href="/" title="Hem" class="header__logo nuxt-link-active" data-v-3b65201c data-v-61b359a7><img src="/logo.png" alt="Brand logo" data-v-3b65201c></a></div> <div class="header-grid__subscribe" data-v-61b359a7><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://prenumeration.popularhistoria.se/brand/popular-historia/?media=Abonner_link" class="btn btn--sm subscribe-btn" data-v-61b359a7> Prenumerera </a></div> <div class="header-grid__search" data-v-61b359a7><div class="header-search" data-v-61b359a7><button aria-label="Close search" class="btn--clean" data-v-61b359a7><svg viewBox="0 0 19 18" class="header-search__close-icon" data-v-61b359a7><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#close"></use></svg></button> <form class="header-search__form" data-v-61b359a7><input id="header-search" aria-label="Search" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Skriv in sökord" value="" class="header-search__input" data-v-61b359a7> <button type="submit" aria-label="Submit search" class="btn--clean header-search__submit" data-v-61b359a7><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="header-search__icon" data-v-61b359a7><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#search"></use></svg></button></form></div> <button aria-label="Show search" class="btn--clean" data-v-61b359a7><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="search__icon" data-v-61b359a7><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#search"></use></svg></button></div> <div class="header-grid__hamburger" data-v-61b359a7><label aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="offcanvas" aria-label="Open menu" tabindex="0" for="main-menu-toggle" class="btn--clean hamburger" data-v-61b359a7><svg viewBox="0 0 23 16" class="hamburger__icon" data-v-61b359a7><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#menu"></use></svg></label></div></div></div></header> <div class="menu siteNav" data-v-5ff8c2d8 data-v-fa71aff2><nav class="menu__container" data-v-5ff8c2d8><ul class="top-menu" data-v-5ff8c2d8><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/sveriges-historia/1900-tal" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>1900-tal </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/sveriges-historia/1800-tal" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>1800-tal </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/sveriges-historia/1700-talet" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>1700-tal </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/sveriges-historia/stormaktstiden" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>Stormaktstid </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/sveriges-historia/vasatiden" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>Vasatid </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/sveriges-historia/medeltiden" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>Medeltid </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/sveriges-historia/vikingatiden" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>Vikingatid </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/sveriges-historia/forntid" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>Forntid </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="https://prenumeration.popularhistoria.se/brand/popular-historia/?media=Abonner_link" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>Prenumerera nu </a>  </li><li class="top-menu__item" data-v-5ff8c2d8><a href="/om-popular-historia" class="top-menu__link" data-v-5ff8c2d8>Om Populär Historia </a>  </li></ul></nav></div> <div data-v-3b683907 data-v-fa71aff2><input id="main-menu-toggle" type="checkbox" tabindex="-1" class="js-menu-fallback-checkbox" data-v-3b683907> <div id="offcanvas" class="offcanvas" data-v-3b683907><div class="offcanvas__container offcanvas__container__right" data-v-3b683907><nav class="main-nav" data-v-1172010e data-v-fa71aff2><div class="main-nav__top" data-v-1172010e><a href="/" class="main-nav__frontpage-link nuxt-link-active" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-nav__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-left"></use></svg> <span data-v-1172010e>Gå till startsida</span></a> <label for="main-menu-toggle" role="presentation" class="btn--clean main-nav__close" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-nav__icon" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#close"></use></svg></label></div> <div class="offcanvas-search" data-v-1172010e><form class="offcanvas-search__form" data-v-1172010e><input id="offcanvas-search" aria-label="Search" name="s" placeholder="Skriv in sökord" value="" class="offcanvas-search__input" data-v-1172010e> <button type="submit" aria-label="Submit search" class="btn--clean offcanvas-search__submit" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="offcanvas-search__icon" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#search"></use></svg></button></form></div> <ul role="menubar" class="main-menu" data-v-1172010e> <li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-137" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Sveriges historia</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Sveriges historia</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/1900-tal" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>1900-tal</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/1800-tal" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>1800-tal</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/1700-talet" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>1700-tal</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/utvandringen" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Utvandringen</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/vikingatiden" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Vikingatid</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/stormaktstiden" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Stormaktstid</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/medeltiden" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Medeltid</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/vasatiden" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Vasatid</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/forntid" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Forntid</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/kungar-drottningar" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Kungar drottningar</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/sveriges-historia/kungar-drottningar/hovet" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Hovet</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-100" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Politik</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/politik" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Politik</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/politik/politiker" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Politiker</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/politik/ideologier" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Ideologier</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/politik/kvinnokamp" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Kvinnokamp</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-54" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Krig</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Krig</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig/svenska-krig" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Svenska krig</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig/andra-varldskriget" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Andra världskriget</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig/forsta-varldskriget" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Första världskriget</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig/kalla-kriget" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Kalla kriget</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig/revolutioner" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Revolutioner</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig/andra-varldskriget/tredje-riket" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Tredje riket</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig/andra-varldskriget/beredskapstiden" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Beredskapstiden</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/krig/befalhavare" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Befälhavare</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-194" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Vardagsliv</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vardagsliv" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Vardagsliv</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vardagsliv/hygien-halsa" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Hygien hälsa</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vardagsliv/mat-dryck" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Mat dryck</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vardagsliv/traditioner" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Traditioner</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vardagsliv/turism" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Turism</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vardagsliv/sport" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Sport</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vardagsliv/arbetsliv" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Arbetsliv</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vardagsliv/hogtider" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Högtider</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-124" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Samhälle</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/samhalle" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Samhälle</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/samhalle/brott-straff" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Brott straff</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/samhalle/utbildning" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Utbildning</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/samhalle/handel" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Handel</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/samhalle/foretag" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Företag</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/samhalle/medier" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Medier</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-32" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Civilisationer</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Civilisationer</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/afrika" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Afrika</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/asien" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Asien</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/regenter" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Regenter</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/romarriket" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Romarriket</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/mellanostern" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Mellanöstern</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/mellanostern/egypten" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Egypten</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/antikens-grekland" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Antikens Grekland</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/stader" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Städer</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/imperier" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Imperier</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/usa" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>USA</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/kolonialism" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Kolonialism</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/civilisationer/sydamerika" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Sydamerika</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-71" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Kultur</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Kultur</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/litteratur" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Litteratur</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/mode" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Mode</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/film-teater" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Film teater</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/konst" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Konst</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/hantverk" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Hantverk</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/sprak" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Språk</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/fotografi" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Fotografi</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/musik" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Musik</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/filosofi" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Filosofi</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/litteratur/forfattare" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Författare</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/kultur/konst/konstnarer" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Konstnärer</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-214" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Vetenskap</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vetenskap" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Vetenskap</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vetenskap/medicin" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Medicin</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vetenskap/arkeologi" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Arkeologi</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vetenskap/upptackare" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Upptäckare</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/vetenskap/biologi" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Biologi</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-168" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Teknik</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/teknik" class="sub-menu__link nuxt-link-active" data-v-1172010e>Teknik</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/teknik/uppfinningar/uppfinnare" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Uppfinnare</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/teknik/industri" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Industri</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/teknik/trafik" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Trafik</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/teknik/arkitektur" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Arkitektur</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/teknik/arkitektur/byggnadsverk" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Byggnadsverk</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/teknik/sjofart" class="sub-menu__link nuxt-link-active" data-v-1172010e>Sjöfart</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-118" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Religion</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/religion" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Religion</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/religion/kristendom" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Kristendom</a></li><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/religion/islam" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Islam</a></li></ul></div></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e>  <a href="/nyheter" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__link" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Nyheter</span></a></li><li role="menuitem" class="main-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><button id="toggle-7413" aria-expanded="false" class="main-menu__btn main-menu__toggle-submenu" data-v-1172010e><span class="main-menu__icon" data-v-1172010e><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="main-menu__svg" data-v-1172010e><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-down"></use></svg></span> <span class="main-menu__label" data-v-1172010e>Om populär Historia</span></button>  <div class="sub-menu" data-v-1172010e><ul class="sub-menu__list" data-v-1172010e><li class="sub-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/om-popular-historia/vinnare" class="sub-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Vinnare i Populär Historias tävlingar</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <ul role="menubar" class="secondary-menu" data-v-1172010e><li role="menuitem" class="secondary-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="/om-popular-historia" class="secondary-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Om Populär Historia</a></li><li role="menuitem" class="secondary-menu__item" data-v-1172010e><a href="https://prenumeration.popularhistoria.se/brand/popular-historia/?media=Abonner_link" class="secondary-menu__link" data-v-1172010e>Prenumerera nu</a></li></ul></nav></div> <div class="offcanvas__overlay" data-v-3b683907></div></div></div>  <div class="content-wrapper" data-v-fa71aff2><div class="site-content" data-v-fa71aff2><div data-fetch-key="0"><div data-fetch-key="data-v-7cee4b5c:0" class="article sticky-banner-container" data-v-7cee4b5c><div class="left-div sticky-absolute" data-v-7cee4b5c></div> <article data-v-7cee4b5c>  <div class="content page-content article-body" data-v-7cee4b5c> <div class="article" data-v-7cee4b5c><div class="grid page-content" data-v-7cee4b5c><div class="grid__item--header" data-v-7cee4b5c><header class="article-header" data-v-7cee4b5c><div data-v-7cee4b5c> <div class="breadcrumbs" data-v-03bb4690 data-v-7cee4b5c><a href="/" class="breadcrumbs__home" data-v-03bb4690><svg viewBox="0 0 13 13" class="breadcrumbs__home" data-v-03bb4690><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#home"></use></svg></a> <div class="breadcrumbs__item" data-v-03bb4690><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbs__arrow" data-v-03bb4690><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-right"></use></svg> <a href="/teknik" class="breadcrumbs__link nuxt-link-active" data-v-03bb4690>Teknik </a></div><div class="breadcrumbs__item" data-v-03bb4690><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbs__arrow" data-v-03bb4690><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-right"></use></svg> <a href="/teknik/sjofart" class="breadcrumbs__link nuxt-link-active" data-v-03bb4690>Sjöfart </a></div><div class="breadcrumbs__item" data-v-03bb4690><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbs__arrow" data-v-03bb4690><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#chevron-right"></use></svg> <span class="breadcrumbs__no-link" data-v-03bb4690>Svenska fl...</span></div></div></div> <h1 class="article-title" data-v-7cee4b5c>Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942</h1> <p class="article-summary" data-v-7cee4b5c>Under andra världskriget stod den svenska flottan i hög beredskap för att försvara landet och säkra handelsvägarna, även när konflikten med sovjetiska ubåtar intensifierades.</p></header></div> <div class="grid__item--image" data-v-7cee4b5c><div class="widget grid__item--content" data-v-1f80d608 data-v-7cee4b5c><figure data-v-1f80d608><picture class="image__skeleton" style="padding-top:69.33333333333333%;--focalpoint:50% 50%;" data-v-b58e1658 data-v-1f80d608><source data-srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=960 960w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=900 900w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=800 800w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=600 600w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=500 500w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=400 400w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=350 350w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=300 300w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=275 275w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=250 250w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=225 225w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=200 200w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=175 175w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=150 150w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=125 125w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=100 100w" data-v-b58e1658> <img sizes="auto" data-src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w" src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130225/ubat-krig.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w" alt="Ubatskrig i Ostersjon" title="Ubatskrig i Ostersjon" width="1000" height="693" class="lazyloaded image__position__no__lazy" data-v-b58e1658></picture> <figcaption class="caption" data-v-1f80d608><div class="markdown" data-v-1f80d608><p>Fartyg från svenska flottan eskorterar handelsfartyg, 1942.</p></div> <span class="caption__copy" data-v-1f80d608> © Sjöhistoriska museet </span></figcaption></figure></div></div></div> <div class="grid__item--full default-banner-size" data-v-7cee4b5c></div> <div class="grid page-content article-body" data-v-7cee4b5c><div id="14" title="Historisk skribent" count="77" timezone_type="3" timezone="Europe/Copenhagen" class="grid__item--content" data-v-528c9508 data-v-7cee4b5c><div class="article-byline" data-v-528c9508><div class="article-byline__content" data-v-528c9508><div class="article-byline__author" data-v-528c9508><div class="article-byline__name" data-v-528c9508><span data-v-528c9508>Text — </span> <div data-v-528c9508><div data-v-528c9508><a href="/author/lars-ericson-wolke" class="article-byline__link" data-v-528c9508>Lars Ericson Wolke</a></div> </div></div></div> <div class="article-byline__date" data-v-528c9508>16 januari 2024</div></div> <div class="article-byline__share" data-v-528c9508><button aria-label="Share on facebook" class="btn-share btn-share--facebook" data-v-528c9508><svg viewBox="0 0 11 20" class="btn-share__icon" data-v-528c9508><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#facebook"></use></svg></button><button aria-label="Share on envelope" class="btn-share btn-share--envelope" data-v-528c9508><svg viewBox="0 0 26 18" class="btn-share__icon" data-v-528c9508><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#envelope"></use></svg></button><button aria-label="Share on pinterest" class="btn-share btn-share--pinterest" data-v-528c9508><svg viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="btn-share__icon" data-v-528c9508><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#pinterest"></use></svg></button><button aria-label="Share on print" class="btn-share btn-share--print" data-v-528c9508><svg viewBox="0 0 20 19" class="btn-share__icon" data-v-528c9508><use xlink:href="/_nuxt/img/sprite.2d4c96a.svg#print"></use></svg></button> <div class="article-share__copied" style="display:none;" data-v-528c9508><span data-v-528c9508> URL copied to clipboard </span></div></div></div></div> <div type="text_item" uuid="2f8d5017-fed9-4f3e-82c0-781c65c7e7cc" class="grid__item--content grid__item" data-v-7cee4b5c><div class="markdown"><p>Under hela <a href="https://popularhistoria.se/krig/andra-varldskriget/del-1-i-en-serie-om-andra-varldskriget-1939-varldskriget-bryter-ut" target="_blank" >andra världskriget</a> hade den svenska flottan hög beredskap. Detta för att skydda mot en eventuell invasion över havet, men också för att eskortera svenska handelsfartyg. </p><p>När Tyskland anföll Danmark och Norge den 9 april 1940, räknade den svenska flottan 149 fartyg av alla storlekar. Därtill kom ett stort antal civila fartyg, exempelvis så kallade hjälpvedettbåtar. </p><p>Vid krigsslutet fanns det 213 fartyg i flottan, och då hade ändå 25 äldre fartyg skrotats. Men en intensiv verksamhet på svenska varv resulterade i hela 82 nya sjösatta fartyg. Dessutom lyckades man köpa 10 fartyg från utlandet.</p></div></div><div type="bcm_banner" uuid="e0e03108-758d-40e3-b57d-ef4f7f0116d8" class="grid__item--full default-banner-size grid__item" data-v-7cee4b5c></div><div type="lead_paragraph" uuid="347b3139-08d6-4172-a1e5-78b7e10d2310" class="grid__item" data-v-089dc9ab data-v-7cee4b5c> <div id="Fem-svenska-fartyg-sanktes-av-ryska-ubatar" data-title="Fem svenska fartyg sänktes av ryska ubåtar" class="grid__item--content" data-v-089dc9ab><h2 class="widget lead-paragraph lead-paragraph--default" data-v-089dc9ab> Fem svenska fartyg sänktes av ryska ubåtar </h2></div> <div class="grid__item--content" data-v-089dc9ab><div class="markdown" data-v-089dc9ab><p>Det skarpaste läget för den svenska flottan under andra världskriget inträffade 1942, när sovjetiska ubåtar lyckades ta sig ut från Kronstadtbasen vid det inringade Leningrad. Väl ute på Östersjön angrep de civila fartyg som förmodades segla i tysk trafik. </p><p>Den 22 juni sänktes det svenska malmfartyget Ada Gorthon utanför Norra Möckleby på Öland. Åtta man räddades, medan fjorton besättningsmän följde med ner i djupet. Flera mineringar utlades utanför Öland, och civila fartyg började eskorteras mellan norra Roslagen och Kalmarsund.</p><p>Men ubåtshotet ökade, och den 9 juli sänktes ångfartyget Margaretha av den sovjetiska ubåten S-7 nordost om Oskarshamn. Två dagar senare torpederades Grängesbergsbolagets fartyg Luleå utanför Västervik. </p><p>Under juli 1942 fälldes 200 svenska sjunkbomber utan att någon ubåt sänktes. Istället sänktes sovjetiska S-7 av en finländsk ubåt i oktober 1942.</p><p>Sammanlagt sänktes fem svenska fartyg av de sovjetiska ubåtarna under 1942, och under samma år eskorterade svenska örlogsfartyg över 10 300 handelsfartyg. Av de fem sänkta fartygen torpederades två när de gick i konvoj, medan de övriga tre gick under när de seglade utan eskort.</p></div></div></div><div type="bcm_banner" uuid="0a1f9b80-4954-4664-a297-5b99e63784eb" class="grid__item--full default-banner-size grid__item" data-v-7cee4b5c></div><div type="image" uuid="6f492c74-0eec-49af-bfae-d471c717da3f" class="widget grid__item grid__item--content" data-v-1f80d608 data-v-7cee4b5c><figure data-v-1f80d608><picture class="image__skeleton" style="padding-top:62.333333333333336%;--focalpoint:50% 50%;" data-v-b58e1658 data-v-1f80d608><source data-srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=960 960w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=900 900w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=800 800w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=600 600w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=500 500w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=400 400w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=350 350w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=300 300w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=275 275w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=250 250w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=225 225w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=200 200w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=175 175w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=150 150w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=125 125w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=100 100w" data-v-b58e1658> <img sizes="auto" data-src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28130223/Fo208035.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w" src="" alt="Ubatskrig i Ostersjon" title="Ubatskrig i Ostersjon" width="1000" height="623" class="lazy image__position" data-v-b58e1658></picture> <figcaption class="caption" data-v-1f80d608><div class="markdown" data-v-1f80d608><p>Malmfartyget Ada Gorthon torpederades av en rysk ubåt den 22 juni 1942, under färd från Luleå till Tyskland.</p></div> <span class="caption__copy" data-v-1f80d608> © Robert J Boman/Sjöhistoriska museet </span></figcaption></figure></div><div type="lead_paragraph" uuid="7bf94529-7437-48ae-83a2-07df6410901f" class="grid__item" data-v-089dc9ab data-v-7cee4b5c> <div id="Sankningen-av-angfartyget-Bengt-Sture-besattningen-tillfangatogs" data-title="Sänkningen av ångfartyget Bengt Sture – besättningen tillfångatogs" class="grid__item--content" data-v-089dc9ab><h2 class="widget lead-paragraph lead-paragraph--default" data-v-089dc9ab> Sänkningen av ångfartyget Bengt Sture – besättningen tillfångatogs </h2></div> <div class="grid__item--content" data-v-089dc9ab><div class="markdown" data-v-089dc9ab><p>Sveriges protester till Sovjet hjälpte föga. För Moskva stod betydligt större värden på spel. Den 15 augusti sänkte torpeder ångaren C F Liljevalch utanför Västervik. Trots att eskortfartyg fällde 42 sjunkbomber klarade sig den sovjetiska ubåten S-3 utan skador.</p><p>Mot slutet av sommaren förflyttades ubåtarna till södra Östersjön, och där sänktes i oktober ångfartyget Bengt Sture. Ur besättningen på 15 personer togs sannolikt togs 6–7, inklusive den kvinnliga förestånderskan, ombord på den sovjetiska ubåten SC 406. I många år sökte svenska myndigheter utan framgång efter dessa svenskar. </p><p>Efter Sovjetunionens fall framkom det uppgifter om att de försvunna hade överlämnats till säkerhetstjänsten NKVD i Leningrad, och sannolikt avrättats ganska omgående efter att först ha förhörts. Ubåten SC 406 sänktes den 23 maj 1943 av en finländsk minutläggare. </p><p><em>Publicerad i Populär Historia 6/2022</em></p></div></div></div><div type="bcm_banner" uuid="4baa2dde-25ec-4a6d-baf6-9e6c122b3220" class="grid__item--full default-banner-size grid__item" data-v-7cee4b5c></div><div type="lead_paragraph" uuid="6ff18750-74c8-4165-abd7-4aeaa40cafe4" class="grid__item" data-v-089dc9ab data-v-7cee4b5c> <div id="Fem-handelser-i-svenska-flottans-historia" data-title="Fem händelser i svenska flottans historia" class="grid__item--content" data-v-089dc9ab><h2 class="widget lead-paragraph lead-paragraph--default" data-v-089dc9ab> Fem händelser i svenska flottans historia </h2></div> <div class="grid__item--content" data-v-089dc9ab><div class="markdown" data-v-089dc9ab><p><a href="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/mars-blodiga-undergang" target="_blank" >Skeppet Mars blodiga undergång 1564 </a><br><a href="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/seger-vid-femern" target="_blank" >Blågul seger vid Femern 1644</a><br><a href="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/svensksund" target="_blank" >Drama vid Svensksund 1790</a><br><a href="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/ubatskriget-i-ostersjon" target="_blank" >Ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942</a><br><a href="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/kallt-krig-i-skargarden" target="_blank" >Kallt krig i skärgården 1980</a></p><p><a href="https://popularhistoria.se/teknik/sjofart/svenska-flottan-femhundra-ar" target="_blank" >Svenska flottan – femhundra år av segrar och bottennapp</a></p></div></div></div> <div class="grid__item--content" data-v-3060bc56 data-v-7cee4b5c><div id="mkt-placement-3" data-v-afb14004 data-v-3060bc56></div> </div> <div class="grid__item--content" data-v-647dfcfa data-v-7cee4b5c><ul class="tags" data-v-647dfcfa></ul></div></div> <div class="grid page-content" data-v-7cee4b5c><div class="grid__item--full" data-v-7cee4b5c><div data-v-bdc07fa8 data-v-7cee4b5c><div class="grid--1col" data-v-7cd9b868 data-v-bdc07fa8><div class="grid__item" data-v-7cd9b868><div class="deck-title" data-v-7cd9b868><div class="deck-title__label" data-v-7cd9b868><span class="deck-title__content" data-v-7cd9b868> Läs också: </span></div> </div></div></div> <div class="grid--3col" data-v-bdc07fa8><div class="grid__item" data-v-bdc07fa8><article data-v-6d8aa2b2 data-v-bdc07fa8><a href="/teknik/sjofart/kallt-krig-i-skargarden" title="Svenska flottan – kallt krig i skärgården 1980" class="teaser teaser--video" data-v-6d8aa2b2><figure class="teaser__figure" data-v-6d8aa2b2> <picture class="image__skeleton teaser__img" style="padding-top:66.66666666666666%;--focalpoint:50% 50%;" data-v-b58e1658 data-v-6d8aa2b2><source data-srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=960 960w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=900 900w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=800 800w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=600 600w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=500 500w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=400 400w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=350 350w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=300 300w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=275 275w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=250 250w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=225 225w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=200 200w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=175 175w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=150 150w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=125 125w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=100 100w" data-v-b58e1658> <img sizes="auto" data-src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28150121/Kalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w" src="" alt="U 137 | Kalla Kriget" title="U 137 | Kalla Kriget" width="1000" height="693" class="lazy image__position" data-v-b58e1658></picture></figure> <div class="teaser__body" data-v-6d8aa2b2><div class="teaser__cat" data-v-6d8aa2b2>Sjöfart</div> <h2 class="teaser__header teaser__link" data-v-6d8aa2b2> Svenska flottan – kallt krig i skärgården 1980 </h2> <p class="teaser__summary" data-v-6d8aa2b2>1980 markerade en kritisk vändpunkt under kalla kriget när Sverige mötte en främmande ubåt nära Karlskrona, och det avslöjades att ubåten bar kärnvapen.</p> </div></a></article></div><div class="grid__item" data-v-bdc07fa8><article data-v-6d8aa2b2 data-v-bdc07fa8><a href="/teknik/sjofart/mars-blodiga-undergang" title="Svenska flottan – skeppet Mars blodiga undergång 1564" class="teaser teaser--video teaser--flat-sm" data-v-6d8aa2b2><figure class="teaser__figure" data-v-6d8aa2b2> <picture class="image__skeleton teaser__img" style="padding-top:66.66666666666666%;--focalpoint:50% 50%;" data-v-b58e1658 data-v-6d8aa2b2><source data-srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=960 960w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=900 900w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=800 800w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=600 600w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=500 500w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=400 400w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=350 350w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=300 300w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=275 275w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=250 250w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=225 225w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=200 200w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=175 175w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=150 150w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=125 125w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=100 100w" data-v-b58e1658> <img sizes="auto" data-src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/13143854/GettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w" src="" alt="Sjoslag | Svenska flottan" title="Sjoslag | Svenska flottan" width="1000" height="693" class="lazy image__position" data-v-b58e1658></picture></figure> <div class="teaser__body" data-v-6d8aa2b2><div class="teaser__cat" data-v-6d8aa2b2>Sjöfart</div> <h2 class="teaser__header teaser__link" data-v-6d8aa2b2> Svenska flottan – skeppet Mars blodiga undergång 1564 </h2> <p class="teaser__summary" data-v-6d8aa2b2>Under sjöslaget vid Öland 1564 kapitulerade Jakob Bagges amiralsfartyg Mars efter en dramatisk strid med danskarna, kort därefter inträffade katastrofen.</p> </div></a></article></div><div class="grid__item" data-v-bdc07fa8><article data-v-6d8aa2b2 data-v-bdc07fa8><a href="/teknik/sjofart/svensksund" title="Svenska flottan – drama vid Svensksund 1790" class="teaser teaser--video teaser--flat-sm" data-v-6d8aa2b2><figure class="teaser__figure" data-v-6d8aa2b2> <picture class="image__skeleton teaser__img" style="padding-top:66.66666666666666%;--focalpoint:50% 50%;" data-v-b58e1658 data-v-6d8aa2b2><source data-srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=960 960w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=900 900w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=800 800w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=600 600w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=500 500w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=400 400w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=350 350w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=300 300w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=275 275w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=250 250w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=225 225w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=200 200w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=175 175w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=150 150w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=125 125w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=100 100w" data-v-b58e1658> <img sizes="auto" data-src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/phi/production/2023/09/28111134/svensksund_slag.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024 1024w" src="" alt="Slaget i Svensksund" title="Slaget i Svensksund" width="1000" height="693" class="lazy image__position" data-v-b58e1658></picture></figure> <div class="teaser__body" data-v-6d8aa2b2><div class="teaser__cat" data-v-6d8aa2b2>Sjöfart</div> <h2 class="teaser__header teaser__link" data-v-6d8aa2b2> Svenska flottan – drama vid Svensksund 1790 </h2> <p class="teaser__summary" data-v-6d8aa2b2>I slutet av Gustav III:s ryska krig 1790 vände Sverige en nästan säker förlust till en avgörande sjöseger vid Svensksund.</p> </div></a></article></div></div> </div></div></div></div> </div></article> <div class="right-div sticky-absolute" data-v-7cee4b5c></div></div></div></div></div> <footer class="site-footer" data-v-5ef96942 data-v-fa71aff2><div class="grid-footer" data-v-5ef96942><div class="grid__item" data-v-5ef96942><span data-v-5ef96942>Populär Historia</span>  <ul class="footer-list" data-v-5ef96942><li class="footer-list__item item-nonlink" data-v-5ef96942><p data-v-5ef96942> Bonnier Publications International AS </p></li><li class="footer-list__item item-nonlink" data-v-5ef96942><p data-v-5ef96942> Postboks 543 </p></li><li class="footer-list__item item-nonlink" data-v-5ef96942><p data-v-5ef96942> 1411 Kolbotn, Norge </p></li><li class="footer-list__item item-nonlink" data-v-5ef96942><p data-v-5ef96942> Org. 977041066 </p></li><li class="footer-list__item item-nonlink" data-v-5ef96942><p data-v-5ef96942> Ansvarig utgivare: Magnus Bergsten </p></li><li class="footer-list__item item-nonlink" data-v-5ef96942><p data-v-5ef96942> KUNDTJÄNST </p></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://kundtjanst.nu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>Självbetjäning</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://kundtjanst.nu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>Telefon: 08-555 454 00</a></li></ul></div><div class="grid__item" data-v-5ef96942><span data-v-5ef96942>Sociala medier</span>  <ul class="footer-list" data-v-5ef96942><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://www.facebook.com/popularhistoria" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>Facebook</a></li></ul></div><div class="grid__item" data-v-5ef96942><span data-v-5ef96942>Läs tidningen</span>  <ul class="footer-list" data-v-5ef96942><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://prenumeration.popularhistoria.se/brand/popular-historia/?media=Abonner_link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>Prenumerera</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://tidningsgava.se/giftcard/gkw-2020-phi-361532/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>Ge bort prenumeration</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://wypemagazine.se/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>WYPE - Magazine</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://bonniershop.nu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>Bonniershop</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://moreshop.se/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>MOREshop</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="/om-popular-historia" class="footer-list__link nuxt-link" data-v-5ef96942>Om Populär Historia</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="/kundtjanst" class="footer-list__link nuxt-link" data-v-5ef96942>Kontakt</a></li></ul></div><div class="grid__item" data-v-5ef96942><span data-v-5ef96942>Information</span>  <ul class="footer-list" data-v-5ef96942><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://bonnierpublications.com/cookiepolicy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>Cookiepolicy</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="#cookie" class="footer-list__link cookie-consent-renew" data-v-5ef96942>Cookie-inställningar</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="https://bonnierpublications.com/personuppgiftspolicy-fi/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="footer-list__link" data-v-5ef96942>Personuppgiftspolicy</a></li><li class="footer-list__item" data-v-5ef96942><a href="/juridisk-information" class="footer-list__link nuxt-link" data-v-5ef96942>Juridisk information</a></li></ul></div></div></footer> </main></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=(function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,_,$,aa,ab,ac,ad,ae,af,ag,ah,ai,aj,ak,al,am,an,ao,ap,aq,ar,as,at,au,av,aw,ax,ay,az,aA,aB,aC,aD,aE,aF,aG,aH,aI,aJ,aK,aL,aM,aN,aO,aP,aQ,aR,aS,aT,aU,aV,aW,aX,aY,aZ,a_,a$,ba,bb,bc,bd,be,bf,bg,bh,bi,bj,bk,bl,bm,bn,bo,bp,bq,br,bs,bt,bu,bv,bw,bx,by,bz,bA,bB,bC,bD,bE,bF,bG,bH,bI,bJ,bK,bL,bM,bN,bO,bP,bQ,bR,bS,bT,bU,bV,bW,bX,bY,bZ,b_,b$,ca,cb,cc,cd,ce,cf,cg,ch,ci,cj,ck,cl,cm,cn,co,cp,cq,cr,cs,ct,cu,cv,cw,cx,cy,cz,cA,cB,cC,cD,cE,cF,cG,cH,cI,cJ,cK,cL,cM,cN,cO,cP,cQ,cR,cS,cT,cU,cV,cW,cX,cY,cZ,c_,c$,da,db,dc,dd,de,df,dg,dh,di,dj,dk,dl,dm,dn,do0,dp,dq,dr,ds,dt,du,dv,dw,dx,dy,dz,dA,dB,dC,dD,dE,dF,dG,dH,dI,dJ,dK,dL,dM,dN,dO,dP,dQ,dR,dS,dT,dU,dV,dW,dX,dY,dZ,d_,d$,ea,eb,ec,ed,ee,ef,eg,eh,ei,ej,ek,el,em,en,eo,ep,eq,er,es,et,eu,ev,ew,ex,ey,ez,eA,eB,eC,eD,eE,eF,eG,eH,eI,eJ,eK,eL,eM,eN,eO,eP,eQ,eR,eS,eT,eU,eV,eW,eX,eY,eZ,e_,e$,fa,fb,fc,fd,fe,ff,fg,fh,fi,fj,fk,fl,fm,fn,fo,fp,fq,fr,fs,ft,fu,fv,fw,fx,fy,fz,fA,fB,fC,fD,fE,fF,fG,fH,fI,fJ,fK,fL,fM,fN,fO,fP,fQ,fR,fS,fT,fU,fV,fW,fX,fY,fZ,f_,f$,ga,gb,gc,gd,ge,gf,gg,gh,gi,gj,gk,gl,gm,gn,go,gp,gq,gr,gs,gt,gu,gv,gw,gx,gy,gz,gA,gB,gC,gD,gE,gF,gG,gH){bV.id=_;bV.title=x;bV.description=B;bV.status=n;bV.kind=i;bV.href_lang_code=a;bV.href_lang=a;bV.locale=e;bV.commercial=a;bV.author={id:14,name:bW,email:a,title:bX,education:a,biography:a,avatar:a,url:bY,public:h,author:g,count:77};bV.author_description=a;bV.other_authors=[];bV.lead_image={id:H,url:C,title:D,description:a,caption:I,alt:E,copyright:z,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[J,K,L,M,N,O],average_luminance:P,dominant_colors:{vibrant:Q,muted_light:R,muted:S,muted_dark:T,vibrant_dark:U}}};bV.published_at={date:az,timezone_type:f,timezone:k};bV.updated_at={date:"2024-01-18 09:50:15.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k};bV.featured_on={date:az,timezone_type:f,timezone:k};bV.canonical_url=ag;bV.template=c;bV.guide_meta={difficulty:a,time_required:a,price:a};bV.faq_meta=[];bV.estimated_reading_time=f;bV.audio=a;bV.word_count=bZ;bV.translations={sv:{id:_,title:x,link:ag}};bV.exclude_platforms=a;bV.ctm_disabled=g;bV.contenthub_id=b_;bV.editorial_type=a;bV.hide_in_sitemap=g;bV.is_news=g;bV.category={data:{id:av,name:l,url:m,language:e,count:24,sortorder:a,color:a,text_color:a,canonical_url:aA,translations:{sv:{id:av,title:l,link:aA}},contenthub_id:"8ca5dc31-eadd-498b-845f-b8f5aa87e6b8",parent:{data:{id:F,name:G,url:ab,language:e,count:b$,sortorder:a,color:a,text_color:a,canonical_url:$,translations:{sv:{id:F,title:G,link:$}},contenthub_id:ca}},ancestor:{data:{id:F,name:G,url:ab,language:e,count:b$,sortorder:a,color:a,text_color:a,canonical_url:$,translations:{sv:{id:F,title:G,link:$}},contenthub_id:ca}}}};bV.contents={data:[{type:"text_item",locked:g,stick_to_next:g,uuid:"2f8d5017-fed9-4f3e-82c0-781c65c7e7cc",body:"Under hela [andra världskriget](https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fkrig\u002Fandra-varldskriget\u002Fdel-1-i-en-serie-om-andra-varldskriget-1939-varldskriget-bryter-ut {\"target\":\"_blank\"}) hade den svenska flottan hög beredskap. Detta för att skydda mot en eventuell invasion över havet, men också för att eskortera svenska handelsfartyg. \r\n\r\nNär Tyskland anföll Danmark och Norge den 9 april 1940, räknade den svenska flottan 149 fartyg av alla storlekar. Därtill kom ett stort antal civila fartyg, exempelvis så kallade hjälpvedettbåtar. \r\n\r\nVid krigsslutet fanns det 213 fartyg i flottan, och då hade ändå 25 äldre fartyg skrotats. Men en intensiv verksamhet på svenska varv resulterade i hela 82 nya sjösatta fartyg. Dessutom lyckades man köpa 10 fartyg från utlandet."},{type:aB,locked:g,stick_to_next:g,uuid:"347b3139-08d6-4172-a1e5-78b7e10d2310",title:"Fem svenska fartyg sänktes av ryska ubåtar",description:"Det skarpaste läget för den svenska flottan under andra världskriget inträffade 1942, när sovjetiska ubåtar lyckades ta sig ut från Kronstadtbasen vid det inringade Leningrad. Väl ute på Östersjön angrep de civila fartyg som förmodades segla i tysk trafik. \r\n\r\nDen 22 juni sänktes det svenska malmfartyget Ada Gorthon utanför Norra Möckleby på Öland. Åtta man räddades, medan fjorton besättningsmän följde med ner i djupet. Flera mineringar utlades utanför Öland, och civila fartyg började eskorteras mellan norra Roslagen och Kalmarsund.\r\n\r\nMen ubåtshotet ökade, och den 9 juli sänktes ångfartyget Margaretha av den sovjetiska ubåten S-7 nordost om Oskarshamn. Två dagar senare torpederades Grängesbergsbolagets fartyg Luleå utanför Västervik. \r\n\r\nUnder juli 1942 fälldes 200 svenska sjunkbomber utan att någon ubåt sänktes. Istället sänktes sovjetiska S-7 av en finländsk ubåt i oktober 1942.\r\n\r\nSammanlagt sänktes fem svenska fartyg av de sovjetiska ubåtarna under 1942, och under samma år eskorterade svenska örlogsfartyg över 10 300 handelsfartyg. Av de fem sänkta fartygen torpederades två när de gick i konvoj, medan de övriga tre gick under när de seglade utan eskort.",display_hint:v},{type:"image",locked:g,stick_to_next:g,uuid:"6f492c74-0eec-49af-bfae-d471c717da3f",is_lead:g,file:{id:21652,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F09\u002F28130223\u002FFo208035.jpg",title:D,description:a,caption:"Malmfartyget Ada Gorthon torpederades av en rysk ubåt den 22 juni 1942, under färd från Luleå till Tyskland.",alt:E,copyright:"Robert J Boman\u002FSjöhistoriska museet",language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:1.6042780748663101,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[cb,"#293529","#4a544a","#817c78","#afb3ad","#e6e8e5"],average_luminance:.556385,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#40ff00",muted_light:"#c4c4bc",muted:"#85877b",vibrant_dark:cb,vibrant_light:"#f6efdb",muted_dark:"#204125"}}},display_hint:v,video_url:a},{type:aB,locked:g,stick_to_next:g,uuid:"7bf94529-7437-48ae-83a2-07df6410901f",title:"Sänkningen av ångfartyget Bengt Sture – besättningen tillfångatogs",description:"Sveriges protester till Sovjet hjälpte föga. För Moskva stod betydligt större värden på spel. Den 15 augusti sänkte torpeder ångaren C F Liljevalch utanför Västervik. Trots att eskortfartyg fällde 42 sjunkbomber klarade sig den sovjetiska ubåten S-3 utan skador.\r\n\r\nMot slutet av sommaren förflyttades ubåtarna till södra Östersjön, och där sänktes i oktober ångfartyget Bengt Sture. Ur besättningen på 15 personer togs sannolikt togs 6–7, inklusive den kvinnliga förestånderskan, ombord på den sovjetiska ubåten SC 406. I många år sökte svenska myndigheter utan framgång efter dessa svenskar. \r\n\r\nEfter Sovjetunionens fall framkom det uppgifter om att de försvunna hade överlämnats till säkerhetstjänsten NKVD i Leningrad, och sannolikt avrättats ganska omgående efter att först ha förhörts. Ubåten SC 406 sänktes den 23 maj 1943 av en finländsk minutläggare. \r\n\r\n*Publicerad i Populär Historia 6\u002F2022*",display_hint:v},{type:aB,locked:g,stick_to_next:g,uuid:"6ff18750-74c8-4165-abd7-4aeaa40cafe4",title:"Fem händelser i svenska flottans historia",description:"[Skeppet Mars blodiga undergång 1564 ](https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fmars-blodiga-undergang {\"target\":\"_blank\"})\r\n[Blågul seger vid Femern 1644](https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fseger-vid-femern {\"target\":\"_blank\"})\r\n[Drama vid Svensksund 1790](https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fsvensksund {\"target\":\"_blank\"})\r\n[Ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942](https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fubatskriget-i-ostersjon {\"target\":\"_blank\"})\r\n[Kallt krig i skärgården 1980](https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fkallt-krig-i-skargarden {\"target\":\"_blank\"})\r\n\r\n[Svenska flottan – femhundra år av segrar och bottennapp](https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fsvenska-flottan-femhundra-ar {\"target\":\"_blank\"})",display_hint:v}]};bV.related={data:cc};bV.teasers={data:eF};bV.tags={data:[{id:s,name:p,slug:V,url:W,language:e,count:X,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:q,translations:{da:{id:Y,title:p,link:q},sv:{id:s,title:p,link:q}},contenthub_id:Z,internal:h}]};bV.vocabularies={data:[]};cc[0]={id:cd,post_title:ah,title:ah,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:ce,url:cf,title:cg,description:a,caption:ch,alt:ci,copyright:cj,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[ck,cl,cm,cn,co,cp],average_luminance:cq,dominant_colors:{vibrant:cr,muted_light:cs,muted:ct,vibrant_dark:cu,vibrant_light:cv,muted_dark:cw}}},video_url:a,description:cx,link:cy,published_at:{date:cz,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:cA,contenthub_id:cB,template:c,tags:{data:[{id:s,name:p,slug:V,url:W,language:e,count:X,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:q,translations:{da:{id:Y,title:p,link:q},sv:{id:s,title:p,link:q}},contenthub_id:Z,internal:h}]}};cc[1]={id:cC,post_title:cD,title:cE,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:cF,url:cG,title:cH,description:a,caption:cI,alt:cJ,copyright:cK,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[cL,cM,ai,cN,aj,cO],average_luminance:cP,dominant_colors:{vibrant:aj,muted_light:cQ,muted:ai,vibrant_dark:cR,vibrant_light:cS,muted_dark:cT}}},video_url:a,description:cU,link:cV,published_at:{date:cW,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:aw,word_count:cX,contenthub_id:cY,template:c,tags:{data:[{id:s,name:p,slug:V,url:W,language:e,count:X,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:q,translations:{da:{id:Y,title:p,link:q},sv:{id:s,title:p,link:q}},contenthub_id:Z,internal:h}]}};cc[2]={id:cZ,post_title:ak,title:ak,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:c_,url:c$,title:da,description:a,caption:db,alt:dc,copyright:dd,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[de,df,dg,dh,di,dj],average_luminance:dk,dominant_colors:{vibrant:dl,muted_light:dm,muted:dn,vibrant_dark:do0,vibrant_light:dp,muted_dark:dq}}},video_url:a,description:dr,link:ds,published_at:{date:dt,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:du,contenthub_id:dv,template:c,tags:{data:[{id:s,name:p,slug:V,url:W,language:e,count:X,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:q,translations:{da:{id:Y,title:p,link:q},sv:{id:s,title:p,link:q}},contenthub_id:Z,internal:h}]}};cc[3]={id:dw,post_title:dx,title:dy,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:dz,url:dA,title:dB,description:a,caption:dC,alt:dD,copyright:dE,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[dF,dG,dH,dI,dJ,dK],average_luminance:dL,dominant_colors:{vibrant:dM,muted_light:dN,muted:dO,vibrant_dark:dP,vibrant_light:dQ,muted_dark:dR}}},video_url:a,description:dS,link:dT,published_at:{date:dU,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:dV,contenthub_id:dW,template:c,tags:{data:[{id:s,name:p,slug:V,url:W,language:e,count:X,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:q,translations:{da:{id:Y,title:p,link:q},sv:{id:s,title:p,link:q}},contenthub_id:Z,internal:h}]}};cc[4]={id:dX,post_title:al,title:al,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:dY,url:dZ,title:d_,description:a,caption:d$,alt:ea,copyright:z,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[eb,ec,ed,ee,ef,eg],average_luminance:eh,dominant_colors:{vibrant:ei,muted_light:ej,muted:ek,vibrant_dark:el,vibrant_light:em,muted_dark:en}}},video_url:a,description:eo,link:ep,published_at:{date:eq,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:er,word_count:es,contenthub_id:et,template:c,tags:{data:[]}};cc[5]={id:13660,post_title:eu,title:eu,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:13661,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2021\u002F07\u002F29114007\u002F72e6bcba-b7e7-4f0c-a0e1-0b0549640844.phci1963.jpg",title:a,description:a,caption:a,alt:a,copyright:a,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:.6967741935483871,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[ev,"#e9c756","#d55f52","#b23046","#98621f",ew],average_luminance:.431087,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#f5c93a",muted_light:"#bcc2c1",muted:"#ae8e50",vibrant_dark:"#6e2f0c",vibrant_light:ev,muted_dark:ew}}},video_url:a,description:"Genom rena piratdåd, överfall på enstaka fartyg, bortsnappande av främmande länders sjömän som sedan hölls i slaveri, kidnappning av västerlänningar s",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fsvenska-flottan-och-medelhavets-kapare",published_at:{date:"2001-05-25 00:00:00.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:9,word_count:1418,contenthub_id:a,template:c,tags:{data:[]}};cc[6]={id:20506,post_title:ex,title:ex,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:20509,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F05\u002F12143454\u002Fturtle_start-69yfhKD0EPWKrl_2Xx6zdg-1.jpg",title:ey,description:a,caption:"En rekonstruktion av den första ubåten Turtle som finns på Royal Navys ubåtsmuseum i Gosport.",alt:ey,copyright:a,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:1.5,link:a,color_palette:{colors:["#f6f6f4","#9a9b9d","#868789","#714e31","#5f6061","#383a3b"],average_luminance:.364502,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#d09956",muted_light:"#bec1b2",muted:"#828385",vibrant_dark:"#5b3825",vibrant_light:"#e0ceb1",muted_dark:"#2f3a4a"}}},video_url:a,description:"Redan under amerikanska frihetskriget togs den första fungerande ubåten i bruk. Luften räckte till en halvtimme under vatten och det fanns bara plats för en person i Turtle.",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fforsta-ubaten-trampades-fram",published_at:{date:"2017-04-13 06:30:00.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:bO,url:bN},estimated_reading_time:r,word_count:396,contenthub_id:"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjA1MDY=",template:c,tags:{data:[{id:s,name:p,slug:V,url:W,language:e,count:X,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:q,translations:{da:{id:Y,title:p,link:q},sv:{id:s,title:p,link:q}},contenthub_id:Z,internal:h},{id:ez,name:aC,slug:"mhi-migrering",url:"\u002Ftags\u002Fmhi-migrering",language:e,count:399,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:aD,translations:{da:{id:3049,title:aC,link:aD},sv:{id:ez,title:aC,link:aD}},contenthub_id:"abce961f-6a30-47a0-8896-beec6c9c50cb",internal:h}]}};cc[7]={id:12248,post_title:eA,title:eA,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:12249,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2021\u002F07\u002F29112750\u002Fvasaskeppet-NWhZcerJSaqdUCNCfd0b_Q.jpg",title:a,description:a,caption:"Vasa sjönk på sin jungfrufärd 1628. 1961 bärgades skeppet och finns nu på Vasamuseet i Stockholm.",alt:a,copyright:"Richard Mortel",language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:1.443609022556391,link:a,color_palette:{colors:["#f4f5e4","#3c69c5",eB,"#4d5b6b","#2f3847","#2a2725"],average_luminance:.239306,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#366ede",muted_light:"#ae936c",muted:eB,vibrant_dark:"#603719",vibrant_light:"#ebd29e",muted_dark:"#4e3a2d"}}},video_url:a,description:"Hur gick det till när Vasa byggdes och gick under? Varför beställdes fartyget av Gustav II Adolf överhuvudtaget? Vi bad historikern Lars Ericson sätta in regalskeppet i sitt 1600-talssammanhang.",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fkungligt-skrytbygge",published_at:{date:"2006-05-26 00:00:00.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:18,word_count:3041,contenthub_id:"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMTIyNDg=",template:c,tags:{data:[]}};cc[8]={id:12727,post_title:eC,title:eC,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:12728,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2021\u002F07\u002F29113156\u002F54739e0d-217c-439d-8fcf-9468fbd8565c.PH_1_04-84x112.jpg",title:a,description:a,caption:a,alt:a,copyright:a,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:eD,link:a,color_palette:{colors:["#fdfdfb","#ce8c70","#9d634d","#6f4d35","#473b37","#251917"],average_luminance:.291697,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#b06e52",muted_light:"#dcc9b2",muted:"#a88758",vibrant_dark:"#050100",vibrant_light:"#ecc895",muted_dark:"#4e362a"}}},video_url:a,description:"Hajen sjösattes 1904 och var tekniskt banbrytande med sitt motorelektriska maskineri. Bakom innovationen att låta en förbränningsmotor driva en generator, v",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fhajen-100-ar",published_at:{date:"2003-12-29 00:00:00.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:5,word_count:736,contenthub_id:a,template:c,tags:{data:[]}};cc[9]={id:12308,post_title:eE,title:eE,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:12309,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2021\u002F07\u002F29112821\u002F25d4799e-6ca6-451c-9743-58b5a4b65829.PH_4_05-84x112.jpg",title:a,description:a,caption:a,alt:a,copyright:a,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:eD,link:a,color_palette:{colors:["#fdfefe","#d1d2cd","#ae8f52","#8f9090","#6c332b","#323c42"],average_luminance:.418983,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#c95a2f",muted_light:"#d2cab2",muted:"#a56f5f",vibrant_dark:"#6b5518",vibrant_light:"#dea39d",muted_dark:"#4e362c"}}},video_url:a,description:"Mitt under andra världskriget byggdes en serie om nio mindre ubåtar, den så kallade U1–U9-serien. Det här var de första helt svensktillverkade ubåtarna. En av dessa, U3, finns bevarad som museiubåt på Teknikens- och sjöfartens hus på Malmö museer. Den visas med så gott som alla inventarier intakta.",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fu3-skulle-patrullera-nara-kusten",published_at:{date:"2006-03-17 00:00:00.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:389,contenthub_id:a,template:c,tags:{data:[]}};eF[0]={title:x,image:{id:H,url:C,title:D,description:a,caption:I,alt:E,copyright:z,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[J,K,L,M,N,O],average_luminance:P,dominant_colors:{vibrant:Q,muted_light:R,muted:S,muted_dark:T,vibrant_dark:U}}},video_url:a,description:B,type:v};eF[1]={title:x,image:{id:H,url:C,title:D,description:a,caption:I,alt:E,copyright:z,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[J,K,L,M,N,O],average_luminance:P,dominant_colors:{vibrant:Q,muted_light:R,muted:S,muted_dark:T,vibrant_dark:U}}},video_url:a,description:B,type:"seo"};eF[2]={title:x,image:{id:H,url:C,title:D,description:a,caption:I,alt:E,copyright:z,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[J,K,L,M,N,O],average_luminance:P,dominant_colors:{vibrant:Q,muted_light:R,muted:S,muted_dark:T,vibrant_dark:U}}},video_url:a,description:B,type:"facebook"};eF[3]={title:x,image:{id:H,url:C,title:D,description:a,caption:I,alt:E,copyright:z,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[J,K,L,M,N,O],average_luminance:P,dominant_colors:{vibrant:Q,muted_light:R,muted:S,muted_dark:T,vibrant_dark:U}}},video_url:a,description:B,type:"twitter"};return {layout:v,data:[{}],fetch:{"0":{id:_,type:ar,layout:v,isComponentOverviewPage:g,isTestingOverviewPage:g},"data-v-fa71aff2:0":{scrollTracker:{active:g,activityTime:r,history:[],timer:a},cxId:"88c0b84c052f8ed8aa80a7acfa72ebe4d11d7452",locale:aS,brandCode:aT,pianoAid:as,primaryMenu:[{id:aU,url:aV,title:aW,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:aU,url:aV,title:aW,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:aX,url:aY,title:aZ,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:a_,url:a$,title:ba,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bb,url:bc,title:bd,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:167,url:"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002Futvandringen",title:"Utvandringen",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:be,url:bf,title:bg,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bh,url:bi,title:bj,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bk,url:bl,title:bm,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bn,url:bo,title:bp,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bq,url:br,title:bs,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:159,url:"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002Fkungar-drottningar",title:"Kungar drottningar",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:169,url:"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002Fkungar-drottningar\u002Fhovet",title:"Hovet",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:at,url:bt,title:bu,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:at,url:bt,title:bu,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:111,url:"\u002Fpolitik\u002Fpolitiker",title:"Politiker",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:114,url:"\u002Fpolitik\u002Fideologier",title:"Ideologier",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:117,url:"\u002Fpolitik\u002Fkvinnokamp",title:"Kvinnokamp",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:bv,url:bw,title:bx,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:bv,url:bw,title:bx,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:65,url:"\u002Fkrig\u002Fsvenska-krig",title:"Svenska krig",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:68,url:"\u002Fkrig\u002Fandra-varldskriget",title:"Andra världskriget",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:59,url:"\u002Fkrig\u002Fforsta-varldskriget",title:"Första världskriget",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:58,url:"\u002Fkrig\u002Fkalla-kriget",title:"Kalla kriget",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:61,url:"\u002Fkrig\u002Frevolutioner",title:"Revolutioner",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:78,url:"\u002Fkrig\u002Fandra-varldskriget\u002Ftredje-riket",title:"Tredje riket",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:83,url:"\u002Fkrig\u002Fandra-varldskriget\u002Fberedskapstiden",title:"Beredskapstiden",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:64,url:"\u002Fkrig\u002Fbefalhavare",title:"Befälhavare",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:by,url:bz,title:bA,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:by,url:bz,title:bA,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:210,url:"\u002Fvardagsliv\u002Fhygien-halsa",title:"Hygien hälsa",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:212,url:"\u002Fvardagsliv\u002Fmat-dryck",title:"Mat dryck",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:199,url:"\u002Fvardagsliv\u002Ftraditioner",title:"Traditioner",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:202,url:"\u002Fvardagsliv\u002Fturism",title:"Turism",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:204,url:"\u002Fvardagsliv\u002Fsport",title:"Sport",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:206,url:"\u002Fvardagsliv\u002Farbetsliv",title:"Arbetsliv",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:208,url:"\u002Fvardagsliv\u002Fhogtider",title:"Högtider",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:bB,url:bC,title:bD,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:bB,url:bC,title:bD,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:141,url:"\u002Fsamhalle\u002Fbrott-straff",title:"Brott straff",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:146,url:"\u002Fsamhalle\u002Futbildning",title:"Utbildning",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:138,url:"\u002Fsamhalle\u002Fhandel",title:"Handel",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:136,url:"\u002Fsamhalle\u002Fforetag",title:"Företag",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:133,url:"\u002Fsamhalle\u002Fmedier",title:"Medier",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:bE,url:bF,title:bG,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:bE,url:bF,title:bG,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:3047,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fafrika",title:"Afrika",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:3042,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fasien",title:"Asien",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:34,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fregenter",title:"Regenter",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:36,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fromarriket",title:"Romarriket",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:40,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fmellanostern",title:"Mellanöstern",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:42,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fmellanostern\u002Fegypten",title:"Egypten",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:38,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fantikens-grekland",title:"Antikens Grekland",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:52,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fstader",title:"Städer",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:44,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fimperier",title:"Imperier",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:46,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fusa",title:"USA",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:47,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fkolonialism",title:"Kolonialism",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:50,url:"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fsydamerika",title:"Sydamerika",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:bH,url:bI,title:bJ,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:bH,url:bI,title:bJ,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:81,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Flitteratur",title:"Litteratur",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:104,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Fmode",title:"Mode",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:97,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Ffilm-teater",title:"Film teater",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:92,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Fkonst",title:"Konst",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:96,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Fhantverk",title:"Hantverk",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:79,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Fsprak",title:au,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:106,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Ffotografi",title:"Fotografi",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:88,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Fmusik",title:"Musik",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:103,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Ffilosofi",title:"Filosofi",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:90,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Flitteratur\u002Fforfattare",title:"Författare",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:94,url:"\u002Fkultur\u002Fkonst\u002Fkonstnarer",title:"Konstnärer",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:bK,url:bL,title:bM,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:bK,url:bL,title:bM,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:221,url:"\u002Fvetenskap\u002Fmedicin",title:"Medicin",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:224,url:"\u002Fvetenskap\u002Farkeologi",title:"Arkeologi",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:220,url:"\u002Fvetenskap\u002Fupptackare",title:"Upptäckare",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:225,url:"\u002Fvetenskap\u002Fbiologi",title:"Biologi",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:F,url:ab,title:G,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:F,url:ab,title:G,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:182,url:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fuppfinningar\u002Fuppfinnare",title:"Uppfinnare",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:180,url:"\u002Fteknik\u002Findustri",title:"Industri",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:184,url:"\u002Fteknik\u002Ftrafik",title:"Trafik",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:186,url:"\u002Fteknik\u002Farkitektur",title:"Arkitektur",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:191,url:bN,title:bO,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:av,url:m,title:l,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:bP,url:bQ,title:bR,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[{id:bP,url:bQ,title:bR,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:122,url:"\u002Freligion\u002Fkristendom",title:"Kristendom",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:126,url:"\u002Freligion\u002Fislam",title:"Islam",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}]},{id:316,url:"\u002Fnyheter",title:"Nyheter",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:7413,url:ac,title:"Om populär Historia",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:ad,children:[{id:16196,url:"\u002Fom-popular-historia\u002Fvinnare",title:"Vinnare i Populär Historias tävlingar",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:ad,children:[]}]}],primaySubMenu:[],secondaryMenu:[{id:aX,url:aY,title:aZ,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:a_,url:a$,title:ba,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bb,url:bc,title:bd,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bh,url:bi,title:bj,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bn,url:bo,title:bp,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bk,url:bl,title:bm,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:be,url:bf,title:bg,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:bq,url:br,title:bs,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:aw,url:ae,title:bS,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:ax,url:ac,title:ay,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]}],tertiaryMenu:[{id:ax,url:ac,title:ay,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:7225,url:ae,title:bS,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]}],footerMenu:[{id:6539,url:w,title:af,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[{id:6888,url:w,title:"Bonnier Publications International AS",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:22036,url:w,title:"Postboks 543",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:22037,url:w,title:"1411 Kolbotn, Norge",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:22038,url:w,title:"Org. 977041066",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:22039,url:w,title:"Ansvarig utgivare: Magnus Bergsten",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:6540,url:w,title:"KUNDTJÄNST",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:22004,url:bT,title:"Självbetjäning",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:6541,url:bT,title:"Telefon: 08-555 454 00",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]}]},{id:6555,url:w,title:"Sociala medier",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[{id:6556,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpopularhistoria",title:"Facebook",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]}]},{id:6557,url:w,title:"Läs tidningen",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[{id:6558,url:ae,title:bU,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:6559,url:"https:\u002F\u002Ftidningsgava.se\u002Fgiftcard\u002Fgkw-2020-phi-361532\u002F",title:"Ge bort prenumeration",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:6560,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fwypemagazine.se\u002F",title:"WYPE - Magazine",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:6561,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fbonniershop.nu\u002F",title:"Bonniershop",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:6562,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fmoreshop.se\u002F",title:"MOREshop",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:ax,url:ac,title:ay,target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:b,children:[]},{id:7653,url:"\u002Fkundtjanst",title:"Kontakt",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:ad,children:[]}]},{id:6564,url:w,title:"Information",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[{id:21965,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fbonnierpublications.com\u002Fcookiepolicy\u002F",title:"Cookiepolicy",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:21964,url:"#cookie",title:"Cookie-inställningar",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:6565,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fbonnierpublications.com\u002Fpersonuppgiftspolicy-fi\u002F",title:"Personuppgiftspolicy",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:j,children:[]},{id:6587,url:"\u002Fjuridisk-information",title:"Juridisk information",target:a,class:a,link_relationship:a,description:a,type:ad,children:[]}]}],userMenu:[],menuIsOpen:g,userMenuIsOpen:g,fatalError:g,type:ar,progressBar:r},"data-v-7cee4b5c:0":{pianoAid:as,ads:[],observer:a,data:bV,composite:a,teasers:eF,related:cc,limitationList:f,isDesktop:g,mostPopularTeasers:[{id:21018,post_title:eG,title:eG,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:21036,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F07\u002F11122728\u002FTitanic-startbild-907_10_UIG-IP000020.jpg",title:"Titanic-katastrofen-1912",description:a,caption:"Titanics jungfrufärd startade den 10 april 1912 i Southampton. Via franska Cherbourg anlöpte fartyget dagen därpå Queenstown (nuvarande Cobh) på södra Irland. Foto från Queenstown den 11 april. Titanic har kastat loss och styr ut mot Atlanten, destination New York.",alt:"Titanic | 1912",copyright:"National Maritime Museum\u002FIBL Bildbyrå",language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:["#020201","#242423","#696766","#a3a09f","#c5c4c2","#e8e7e7"],average_luminance:.717882,dominant_colors:{muted_light:"#bdbbbb",muted_dark:"#484846",muted:"#817e7d"}}},video_url:a,description:"Ingen hade tidigare sett ett fartyg som den gigantiska, ”osänkbara\" lyxkryssaren. Men när Titanic kolliderade med ett isberg var katastrofen ett faktum. ",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Ftitanic",published_at:{date:"2023-08-15 14:46:31.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:17,word_count:2700,contenthub_id:"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjEwMTg=",template:c},{id:14106,post_title:eH,title:eH,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:20920,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F06\u002F21124727\u002FTitanic_wreck_bow.jpg",title:"Titanic_wreck_bow",description:a,caption:"Vy över fören på RMS Titanic fotograferad i juni 2004 av ROV Hercules under en expedition till vraket av Titanic.",alt:"Titanic vraket",copyright:"Wiki Commons",language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[eI,"#94715c","#6e716e","#073767","#4c3949","#050536"],average_luminance:.195689,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#d09a3a",muted_light:"#d1ac95",muted:"#62979e",vibrant_dark:"#064677",vibrant_light:eI,muted_dark:"#2f4c52"}}},video_url:a,description:"Året var 1985 när en av de mest ikoniska vrakupptäckterna någonsin gjordes: Man fann vraket av Titanic.",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fned-till-titanic",published_at:{date:"2023-06-19 00:00:00.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:11,word_count:1822,contenthub_id:"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMTQxMDY=",template:c},{id:21019,post_title:eJ,title:eJ,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:21023,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F07\u002F11122658\u002Fomsl-Titanic-IBL-high-res.jpg",title:"Titanic-katastrofen",description:a,caption:"Titanic sjunker den 15 april 1912. Målning av W. Pearson.",alt:"Titanic | Vagen mot katastrofen",copyright:"National Maritime Museum\u002F IBL Bildbyrå",language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:["#e5d8cc","#c6976a","#a47d63","#8f7b64","#665b52",eK],average_luminance:.41418,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#dbb348",muted_light:"#afc6b6",muted:"#a88865",vibrant_dark:"#582b1e",vibrant_light:"#dca670",muted_dark:eK}}},video_url:a,description:"Det fanns 123 svenskar och svensk-amerikaner ombord på Titanic. Det gjorde svenska till det näst mest talade språket på Titanic efter engelska. Men livet slutade för de flesta i Nordatlantens iskalla vatten. ",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Ftitanic-89-svenskar-miste-livet",published_at:{date:"2023-09-19 10:26:27.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:388,contenthub_id:"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjEwMTk=",template:c},{id:8199,post_title:"De sista stora segelfartygen",title:"De sista segelfartygen – Slutet för en stolt epok",kind:i,status:n,image:{id:8200,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2021\u002F07\u002F29105334\u002Fpommern_kap-horn_1934_omslag-uqy-4AZ5_K1e1K3Kxxinrw.jpg",title:a,description:a,caption:"Hårt jobb vid rodret. Foto från fyrmastbarken Pommern i grov sjö på väg mot Kap Horn, mars 1934. I dag är skutan museifartyg i Mariehamn på Åland.",alt:a,copyright:"Ålands Sjöfartsmuseum",language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:1.465648854961832,link:a,color_palette:{colors:["#040303",eL,"#625e58",eM,"#a7a29c","#d3d2ce"],average_luminance:.561017,dominant_colors:{muted_light:"#cbc8c5",muted_dark:eL,muted:eM}}},video_url:a,description:"De stora lastfartygen under segel fick en sista uppblomstring, innan de som gick för maskin helt tog över på världshaven. Svenska skepp seglade med vete från Australien till Europa, och ibland blev det kappsegling. För två av fartygen blev slutet dramatiskt.",link:"\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fde-sista-stora-segelfartygen",published_at:{date:"2021-01-16 21:00:00.000000",timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:13,word_count:2015,contenthub_id:"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktODE5OQ==",template:c},{id:cd,post_title:ah,title:ah,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:ce,url:cf,title:cg,description:a,caption:ch,alt:ci,copyright:cj,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[ck,cl,cm,cn,co,cp],average_luminance:cq,dominant_colors:{vibrant:cr,muted_light:cs,muted:ct,vibrant_dark:cu,vibrant_light:cv,muted_dark:cw}}},video_url:a,description:cx,link:cy,published_at:{date:cz,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:cA,contenthub_id:cB,template:c},{id:dw,post_title:dx,title:dy,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:dz,url:dA,title:dB,description:a,caption:dC,alt:dD,copyright:dE,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[dF,dG,dH,dI,dJ,dK],average_luminance:dL,dominant_colors:{vibrant:dM,muted_light:dN,muted:dO,vibrant_dark:dP,vibrant_light:dQ,muted_dark:dR}}},video_url:a,description:dS,link:dT,published_at:{date:dU,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:dV,contenthub_id:dW,template:c},{id:cZ,post_title:ak,title:ak,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:c_,url:c$,title:da,description:a,caption:db,alt:dc,copyright:dd,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[de,df,dg,dh,di,dj],average_luminance:dk,dominant_colors:{vibrant:dl,muted_light:dm,muted:dn,vibrant_dark:do0,vibrant_light:dp,muted_dark:dq}}},video_url:a,description:dr,link:ds,published_at:{date:dt,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:du,contenthub_id:dv,template:c},{id:_,post_title:x,title:x,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:H,url:C,title:D,description:a,caption:I,alt:E,copyright:z,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[J,K,L,M,N,O],average_luminance:P,dominant_colors:{vibrant:Q,muted_light:R,muted:S,muted_dark:T,vibrant_dark:U}}},video_url:a,description:B,link:eN,published_at:{date:az,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:f,word_count:bZ,contenthub_id:b_,template:c},{id:cC,post_title:cD,title:cE,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:cF,url:cG,title:cH,description:a,caption:cI,alt:cJ,copyright:cK,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[cL,cM,ai,cN,aj,cO],average_luminance:cP,dominant_colors:{vibrant:aj,muted_light:cQ,muted:ai,vibrant_dark:cR,vibrant_light:cS,muted_dark:cT}}},video_url:a,description:cU,link:cV,published_at:{date:cW,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:aw,word_count:cX,contenthub_id:cY,template:c},{id:dX,post_title:al,title:al,kind:i,status:n,image:{id:dY,url:dZ,title:d_,description:a,caption:d$,alt:ea,copyright:z,language:e,focalpoint:{x:d,y:d},aspectratio:o,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[eb,ec,ed,ee,ef,eg],average_luminance:eh,dominant_colors:{vibrant:ei,muted_light:ej,muted:ek,vibrant_dark:el,vibrant_light:em,muted_dark:en}}},video_url:a,description:eo,link:ep,published_at:{date:eq,timezone_type:f,timezone:k},commercial:a,label:{title:l,url:m},estimated_reading_time:er,word_count:es,contenthub_id:et,template:c}],articleSchema:{"@context":A,"@type":i,"@id":eO,inLanguage:eP,url:ag,mainEntityOfPage:ag,name:x,image:C,description:B,headline:x,datePublished:"2024-01-16T13:53:11.000Z",dateModified:"2024-01-18T09:50:15.000Z",publisher:[{"@type":"Organization",url:eQ,name:af,description:eR,logo:[{"@type":"ImageObject",url:"popularhistoria.se\u002Flogo.png"}]}],author:[{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fauthor\u002Flars-ericson-wolke\u002F#Person",name:bW,url:bY,jobTitle:bX,description:c,image:[]}],potentialAction:[{"@type":"ReadAction",target:[eQ]},{"@type":"SearchAction",target:[{"@type":"EntryPoint",urlTemplate:"https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fsearch?s={search_term_string}"}],"query-input":[{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification",valueRequired:"https:\u002F\u002Fschema.org\u002FTrue",valueName:"search_term_string"}]}]},qBrickVideoSchema:{"@context":A,"@type":eS,itemListElement:[]},videoSchema:{"@context":A,"@type":eS,itemListElement:[]},breadcrumbListSchema:{"@context":A,"@type":"BreadcrumbList",itemListElement:[{"@context":A,"@type":aE,position:r,name:"teknik",item:$},{"@context":A,"@type":aE,position:eT,name:"sjofart",item:aA},{"@context":A,"@type":aE,position:2,name:"ubatskriget i ostersjon",item:a}]},recipeSchemas:[],articleSchemaPaywall:{"@context":A,"@type":i,"@id":eO,inLanguage:eP,isAccessibleForFree:h},timeLineData:[],faqSchema:void 0,productSchema:[],apiIncludes:["teasers","teasers.category","story","story.vocabularies","contents.composites.tags","contents.content.teasers.vocabularies","related","tags","vocabularies",b,"category.parent","category.ancestor"],pageComponent:{teaser_list:"TeaserList",seo_text:"SeoText",featured_content:"FeaturedContent",taxonomy_teaser_list:"TaxonomyTeaserList",commercial_spot:"CommercialSpot",newsletter:"NewsletterPage",banner_placement:aF,bcm_banner:eU,author_overview:"AuthorOverview",banner_widget:aF,flexible_teaser_list:"TeaserListFlexible",search:"ProductSearchForm",issue_selector:"IssueSelector"},compositeComponent:{associated_composites:"AssociatedComposites",text_item:"TextItem",image:"ImageComponent",file:"FileDownload",hotspot_image:"HotspotImage",quote:"QuoteComponent",paragraph_list:"ParagraphList",infobox:"InfoBox",link:"LinkWidget",video:eV,gallery:eW,multimedia:"Multimedia",inserted_code:"InsertedCode",lead_paragraph:"LeadParagraph",test_quiz:"TestQuiz",thing_link:"ThingLink",so_me:"SoMe",table:"Table",newsletter:"NewsletterComposite",banner_widget:aF,bcm_banner:eU,chapters_summary:"Chapters",recipe:"Recipe",material_guide:"ProductComparisonShowcase",qbrick_video:"TheoPlayer",product:"Product",CollapsedContent:"CollapsedContent"},pageTemplate:{cookiepolicy:"CookiePolicy"}}},error:a,state:{translations:{header:{subscription_button:bU,menu:{search_placeholder:eX,search_btn_label:eY},search:{placeholder:"Sök i arkivet"},subscription_button_url:ae,campaign:"Header.campaign english",search_placeholder:eX,login:"Login",close:"Luk",menu_text:"Menu",search_text:eY,my_page:"My page",hello:"Hej",profile_page:"Profiloplysninger",favorites_page:"Mine favoritter",logout:"Log ud",off_canvas:{brain_text:"Tag IQ-testen",career_text:"Karriereguide",brain_link:"https:\u002F\u002Fiq-test.illvet.se\u002F#\u002Fintro",career_link:c},subscription_number:"Abonnements nummer"},article:{text_byline:"Text —",related_articles:"Relaterade artiklar",published:"Publicerad den",gallery:{show_more:"VISA MER",show_less:"Visa mindre",show_all:"Se alla",image:"Image",copyright:"Copyright:",title:eW,image_count:"{count} images",change_layout:"Change layout"},header:{scroll:"Scroll"},commercial:{sponsored_by:"Sponsored by:",sponsored_badge:"Annons"},more_written_by:"Fler artiklar av",byline:{published:"published",safe:"Safe",conjunction:eZ,premium_tag:"För prenumeranter"},text_byline_type:"Text",updated_at:c},fields:{sort_by:"Sortera efter",latest:aG,more_from:aH,minutes:"minuter",close:e_,password:aI,email:"E-post",back:"Gå tillbaka",next:"Nästa",ok:"OK",most_popular:"Mest populära",scroll_top:e$,click_here:"Klicka här",minute:fa,"prevent-image-download":"Bilden är skyddad genom upphovsrätten\u003Cbr\u003Eoch får inte användas utan tillstånd.",loading:"Läser in",name:"Namn",zipcode:"Zipcode (My page info)",week:"week"},component:{"newsletter-box":{title:"ANMÄL DIG TILL VÅRT NYHETSBREV",placeholder:{email:"Skriv in e-postadress",firstname:"Skriv in förnamn"},errors:{email:"Det finns något fel med din mejladress",firstname:"Du ska fylla i ditt namn.",server:"Oj. Något blev fel.","terms-checkbox":"du behöver acceptera villkoren för att kunna anmäla dig för vårt nyhetsbrev."},success:"Du är nu anmäld","permission-text":"Beställ vårt fullmatade nyhetsbrev så får du intressanta artiklar om Sveriges historia med e-post varje vecka. Helt utan kostnad. Ja tack, jag vill gärna ha Populär Historias nyhetsbrev med fascinerande artiklar och marknadsföring om Populär Historia via mejl. Du kan när som helst avregistrera dig igen via länken.",label:fb,description:"Vi ger dig något att fundera över varje dag – direkt i din inkorg.",error:{prefix:"Fel"},submit:"Anmäl","arrow-text":"Signup",success_subtitle:"We've sent you a confirmation email",body:"Newsletter widget body text","confirmation-text":"Bekräfta att du vill få nyhetsbrev","image-url":"NB-widget image","read-more":"Læs mere om nyhedsbrevet","read-more-text":"Läs om nyhetsbrevet","read-more-link":"\u002Fnewslettersignup",confirmation:{text:"Nyhedsbrev"}},"sub-category":{noteasers:"Inga artiklar hittade!"},load_more:"Ladda fler","featured-promotion":{title:"Bli inspirerad med månatlig prenumeration",label:"läs mer",url:"https:\u002F\u002Fbonniershop.nu\u002Fbrand\u002Fillustrerad-vetenskap\u002F"},tag:{noteasers:"Vi kunde tyvärr inte hitta några artiklar"},newsletter:{"permission-text":"Ja tack, jag vill gärna få Illustrerad Vetenskaps nyhetsbrev med inspirerande artiklar och marknadsföring om Illustrerad Vetenskap via e-post. Du kan när som helst avanmäla dig igen.\r\n\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fnyhedsbrevsbetingelser\"\u003ELäs mer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E",more_from:"Mer från :category",get_label:"Anmäl dig till vårt nyhetsbrev"},load_previous:"Visa föregående","newsletter-box-sticky":{"title-mobile":"Receive newsletter",title:"Få nyhetsbrev"},taglist:{label:"Tags:"},"multimedia-widget-three-dimensional":{label:"component label english","link-title":"3D-model","locked-overlay":{"or-buy-access-to-download":"to see the 3D drawing"}},"three-dimensional":{"link-title":"3D model english",label:"3D-modell"},"file-widget":{"download-article-text":"Download article text","download-article":"Download article button",login:"Login link file download","buy-access":"file download description",title:"Hent magasin-artikel","locked-overlay":{"or-buy-access-to-download":"or buy access to get the article"},disclaimer:{title:"Disclaimer title",description:"Disclaimer description","back-button":"Back button","accept-button":"Accept button"},specs:{title:"Information om"}},"locked-overlay":{login:"Sign in","only-for-subscribers":c,"you-must":c,"content-is-locked":"Nothing text here",or:"eller","buy-access":"köp åtkomst"},"multimedia-widget-blueprint":{"locked-overlay":{"or-buy-access-to-download":"för att se ritningen"}},"video-widget":{"locked-overlay":{"or-buy-access-to-download":"to see the video"}},"lead-paragraph-widget-default":{"locked-overlay":{"or-buy-access-to-download":"to read this section"}},"product-widget-collapse":{see:c,hide:c,details:c},stories:{"story-teaser":{tip:"OBS:","is-also-part-of":"Denne byggevejledning er en del af"}},"lead-paragraph":{overview:"Innehållsöversikt"},favorite:{"not-logged-in-message":"Du skal være logget ind for at gemme artikler. \r\n\r\nYou need to login, before saving articles"},paginator:{previous_page:"Föregående sida",next_page:"Nästa sida",go_to_page:"Gå till sidan",page:"Page",off:c,first_text:c,second_text:c,description:c,from:c,page_number:c,page_info:c},widgets:{more_from:aH},"read-more":c},content:{latest:aG},views:{base:{subcategory:{loadmore:"Hämta fler"},notfound:{title:"Oops! Sidan finns inte",description:"Den sida du letade efter hittades inte. Klicka på Klicka på Populär Historia-logotypen för att komma till startsidan.",tofrontpage:"Gå till förstasidan"},search:{noresults:"Inga resultat för",showresults:"Visa resultat för",filter_title:"Filter search results",filter_label:"Filtrer"},blog:{profile:"Bloggare"},servererror:{title:"Det uppstod ett fel.",description:"Det uppstod ett fel under inläsningen av den här sidan. Vi beklagar."},login:{submit_error:"Du har skrivit in fel mejladress eller lösenord. Vänligen försök igen."}},header:{reading_time:"Lästid:",menu:"Meny",logo_title:fc},footer:{logo_title:fc}},components:{widgets:{read_more:"Läs också:",hotspots:{click_numbers:"Klicka på nedanstående nummer för ytterligare information.",tip:"Tip"},link_cta:"Read more",associated_composites:{friday:"Friday",monday:"Monday",thursday:"Thursday",tuesday:"Tuesday",wednesday:"Wednesday",weekend:"Weekend"},paragraph_list:{show_less:"Show less",show_more:fd},read_whole_article:"Läs hela artikeln"},"lead-paragraph":{steps:"Steps"},"paragraph-list":{"show-full-list":"Show full list","collapse-list":c},paywall:{"get-full-access":"Get full access now"},foodplan:{add_favourite:"add to favourites",print:"print",remove_favourite:"remove from favourites",share:"share",weekly_foodplan:"weekly food plan"},paragraph_list:{show_more:"Vis mere"}},user:{my_information:fe,my_articles:"Mina sparade artiklar",remove_favourite:"Radera från sparade artiklar",add_favourite:"Spara artikel",related_content_list:{see_also:ff},profile:{subscription_number:"Mitt prenumerationsnummer",my_information:fe,update_information:"Redigera min information",update_information_notice:"Notera att det kan ta upp emot 24 timmar från det att du har ändrat din profilinformation till dess att de syns här.",customer_service:"Kundeservice",customer_service_description:"Besök vår självbetjäning på \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fkundtjanst.nu\u002Faccount\u002Fsubscriptions\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ekundtjanst.nu\u003C\u002Fa\u003E för att redigera din profil, se information om ditt abonnemang, betala din faktura eller få svar på dina frågor. Logga in med ditt prenumerationsnummer och postnummer. Du kan även ringa på tel. 08-555 454 00 – vi har öppet måndag till fredag 8–18.",not_logged_in_message:"Du är inte inloggad och kommer nu att dirigeras om till startsidan.",unsubscribed:"Inte prenumerant",expired:"Utgånget",valid:"Giltig",postal_code_title:"Postal Code:",waittime:"Ditt prenumerationsnummer kommer att vara klart inom de närmaste 10 minuterna. Om du upplever något annat, vänligen kontakta kundtjänsten."},favorites:{remove:"Ta bort"},favourites:{loading:"Vi hämtar dina sparade artiklar...",no_content:"Inga sparade artiklar ännu."},favourites_page:{recents_tab:aG,food_tab:"Mat",title:"Favoritter",training_tab:"Träning",others_tab:"Andra",no_favourites_message:"You have not added any articles to your favorites yet."}},auth:{login:fg,reset_password:"Nollställ",choose_new_password:"Välj lösenord",repeat_password:"Upprepa lösenord",logout:"Log out",reset_password_again:"Skicka igen"},vocabularies:{audio:fh,gallery:"gallery"},content_type:{gallery:"Galleri",audio:fh,video:eV,"nerd-zone":"Nördzonen","star-calendar":"Stjärnkalendern",explainer:"Explainer",article:i,series:aJ},related_content_list:{see_also:ff},signup:{hero:{header:"Exklusivt för prenumeranter",bullet:{access_to_archive:"Sökbart arkiv",daily_updates:"Dagliga nyheter och uppdateringar",magazine_content:"Tillgång till alla artiklar i tidningen",app_with_audio:"App med uppläst innehåll"},scroll_to_subsription:"Kom igång"},breadcrumbs:{of:"av",subscription_form:"Prenumerationsupplysningar",credentials_form:"Kontrollera din information"},subscription_form:{subscription_error:"Ogiltig kombination av prenumerationsnummer och postnummer",subscription_number_label:"Skriv in prenumerationsnummer",forgot_subscription_number:"Har du glömt ditt prenumerationsnummer?",postal_code_label:fi,postal_code_error:fi,subscription_number_error:"Skriv in giltigt prenumerationsnummer",submit_label:"Bekräfta informationen",forgot_subscription_number_link:fj},forgot_subscription_help:{header:"Var kan du hitta ditt prenumerationsnummer?",description:"Du kan hitta ditt prenumerationsnummer på något av följande ställen:",bullet_giro:"Ditt senaste inbetalningskort",magazine_card:"På A4-pappret som följde med din senaste tidning",purchase_confirmation_email:"Bekräftelsemejlet som du fick när du registrerade dig",customer_service_link:fj,customer_service_label:"Få ditt prenumerationsnummer utskickat"},input:{error_header:"Fel:",help_header:"Tips:"},credentials_form:{first_name_error:"Du ska skriva in ditt förnamn",first_name_label:"Förnamn",last_name_label:"Efternamn",last_name_error:"Skriv in ditt efternamn",email_label:"E-postadress",email_error:"Ogiltig e-postadress",password_help:"Ditt lösenord ska bestå av minst 6 tecken",password_label:aI,signup_error:"Det uppstod ett fel. Testa igen eller kontakta kundtjänst om problemet återkommer.",duplicate_user_error:"Skriv in ditt lösenord för att logga in. Om du är osäker på vilket ditt lösenord är eller om det är första gången du logga in, klickar du på ”Glömt lösenord” nedan.",activate_new_brand:"Det finns redan en profil med den e-postadress du har angivit.\r\nDet beror antagligen på att den har registrerats i samband med köp av en annan prenumeration.\r\nGenom att klicka på knappen nedan kan du även logga in med ditt befintliga lösenord.",email_in_use:"That email is already in use",double_password:"This user already has a profile from another brand. Please sign up with the same password or reset password and sign up again.",existing_user:"Your profile already exists for this brand, sign in below"},credentials:{password_show:fk,password_hide:"Dölj",submit_label:"Skapa profil"},success:{header:"Grattis!",description:"Du har nu tillgång till hela vår digitala kunskapsvärld. OBS. Om du vill anmäla dig till vår mejlföljetong om Nazitysklands fall kan du göra det genom att klicka på knappen nedanför.",button_label:"Gå till anmälan – Nazitysklands fall",username:"Ditt användarnamn är",banner_title:"Ladda ned vår app",banner_description:"Få artiklar upplästa som ljud och spara ditt favoritinnehåll till senare. Med din egen Illustrerad Vetenskap-app kan du se till att fylla väntetid med något spännande och samtidigt lära dig mer. Det enda du behöver göra är att ladda ned appen från det ställe där du brukar ladda ned appar på din mobil. Väl där är det bara att söka på Illustrerad Vetenskap.",banner_apple_title:fl,banner_android_title:fm,banner_apple_link:fl,banner_android_link:fm,new_brand_description:"Du kan nu logga in med den angivna e-postadressen och tillhörande lösenord.\r\nOm du har glömt ditt lösenord kan du återställa det via knappen nedan.",hero_image:"http:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fill\u002Fdevelopment\u002F2018\u002F11\u002F13193146\u002FDK_app.png",button_link:fn},"step-one-of-two":"Step 1 of 2","step-two-of-two":"Step 2 of 2","step-one-of-three":"Step 1 of 3","step-three-of-three":"Step 3 of 3","step-two-of-three":"Step 2 of 3",verify_subscription:{header:"Activate your digital profile",description:"As a subscriber you have access to the entire I FORM digital universe. As soon as you have activated your profile and chosen a password, you will have full access to the locked content on the I FORM website and app."}},search:{headline:"Sökresultat",fields:{filter:"Sortera",show_more:"Visa fler ...",show_less:"Visa färre ..."},no_results:{message:"Kanske kan du prova något av detta:",item_one:"Försäkra dig om att alla ord är rättstavade.",item_two:"Testa en annan sökterm.",item_three:"Testa en mer generell sökning."},no_result:{query:"Din sökning på \"{query}\""},results:{query_count:"Visar {count} resultat för {query}.",count:"Visar {count} resultat"},filterresults:"Filtrér"},link:{customer_services:"https:\u002F\u002Fkundtjanst.nu\u002Fsv-SE\u002F"},input:{password_reset_code:{label:"Skriv in din kod",error:"Lösenordet ska bestå av minst 6 tecken"}},password_reset:{form:{success:"Ditt lösenord har nollställts. Du kan nu logga in med ditt nya lösenord.",header:"Nollställ lösenord.",email_help:"Skriv in din e-postadress, så skickar vi anvisningar om hur du återställer ditt lösenord.",email_submit:"Nollställ lösenord",code_help:"Vi har skickat ett e-postmeddelande till :email med instruktioner om hur du återställer ditt lösenord. Kontrollera ditt skräppostfilter om meddelandet inte har kommit.",password_help:"Uppge nytt lösenord.",password_submit:"Byt lösenord",email_error:"Vi kan inte hitta en e-postadress i våra system. Kontrollera om din e-postadress är korrekt angiven eller kontakta kundtjänst.",code_header:"Kontrollera din e-post",retry_button:"Testa igen",reset_failed:"Nollställningen misslyckades, klicka på knappen nedan för att försöka igen.",password_description:"Skriv in ett nytt lösenord. Lösenordet måste ha minst 6 tecken. När du har upprättat ditt lösenord blir du ombedd att logga in.",check_email_body:"Vi har skickat ett e-postmeddelande till dig med instruktioner om hur du återställer ditt lösenord. Om du inte har fått något e-postmeddelande, kontrollera ditt skräppostfilter.",check_email_header:"Check your email",go_to_login:"Go to Login",new_password_help:"Du kan nu ange ett nytt lösenord. \r\nDet nya lösenordet måste bestå av minst 6 tecken. När du har skapat ett nytt lösenord kommer du att bli ombedd att logga in igen.",verification_code_expired:"Verifieringen har löpt ut"}},login:{form:{password_error:"Lösenord behövs",remember_me:"Kom ihåg mig?",forgot_password:"Glömt lösenord?",submit:fg,already_subscriber_header:"Redan prenumerant?",already_subscriber_description:"Prenumererar du redan på tidningen?",new_user_header:"Ny användare?",get_access_now:"Få åtkomst nu!",password_label:aI,error:{user:{exist:"Du har redan ett konto, vänligen ange din e-postadress och lösenord eller återställ lösenordet om det behövs"},double:{password:"Hej, du har redan ett konto hos oss. Du behöver använda den e-postadress och det lösenord som du tidigare har skapat. Om du fortfarande inte kan logga in, vänligen kontakta vår kundtjänst."}}}},tooltip:{"link-copied":"URL copied to clipboard",text_bottomline:c},audio_teaser:{title:"Lyssna på artikeln i Illustrerad Vetenskaps app!",description:fo,link_text:fo,link_url:"http:\u002F\u002Fonelink.to\u002F78paqj"},story:{series:{articles:"{count} artiklar",show_more:"Visa alla {count} artiklar",part:aJ,show_less:"Visa färre artiklar",label:"Series:"},header:{show_more:fd},"mobile-nav":{content:"Content"}},field:{go_to_frontpage:"Gå till startsida"},"explorer-not-supported":"Our website does not support Internet Explorer.\r\n\r\nTo get the best experience on our website and of our content, please use a more modern browser like Edge, Chrome, Safari or similar.",overlay:{newsletter:{close:e_,label:fb,title:"Få de senaste nyheterna",subtitle:"You can always unsubscribe via the link in the bottom of our emails.",image:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fcos\u002Fproduction\u002F2021\u002F11\u002F03110713\u002FSS20-DetailParis-4018.jpg",copyright:"© Anna Stokland",terms_checkbox:"I accept the terms"}},author:{details:{age:":age years"},editorial_staff:"Redaktion",staff:{name:"Staff"},title:"Titel:",education:"Utbildning:"},guide:{difficulty:"Sværhedsgrad",time_required:"Tidsforbrug",price:"Materialepris",author_by:"Af",print:"Print",save_article:"Save",difficulty_level_a:"Easy",difficulty_level_b:"Nemt",difficulty_level_c:"Middel",difficulty_level_d:"Svært",difficulty_level_e:"Meget svært"},footer:{scrolltop:"Scroll to top"},teaser:{sponsored:"Annonce"},purchase:{your_order:"My order",order:"order",login:"Create login",hero_title:"You are buying access to","price-label":"Total amount",price:{currency:"currency"},to_payment:"continue to order",offer_label:"More for less",offer_cta:"only xx for one month",offer_title:"Get over 1000 construction instructions and get full digital access to for only XX rest of the year.",offer_bullets:"\u003Cli class=\"pw__ul-item\"\u003E Access to 1000 construction instructions \u003C\u002Fli\u003E \u003Cli class=\"pw__ul-item\"\u003ECancel at any time \u003C\u002Fli\u003E \u003Cli class=\"pw__ul-item\"\u003EAfter the offer, you continue in the current subscription to DKK 79 per. month\u003C\u002Fli\u003E",already_have_a_profile:"Already have a profile?",payment:c,"accept-terms":"Jeg accepterer betingelserne",choose_payment_method:"Choose payment method",go_back:"Back"},cookie:{consent:{"disabled-text":"Om du upplever att en del av vårt innehåll är blockerat kan detta bero på dina cookie-inställningar.\u003Cbr\u003E","disabled-link-text":"Du kan ändra dina inställningar här"}},calculator:{display:{amount:"Amount",bmi:{calculate:aK,height:"Height (cm)",mass:"Weight (kg)",result:fp,title:"BMI calculator",weight_under:"Your BMI indicates being underweight.",weight_normal:"Your BMI indicates being normal healthy weight.",weight_over:"Your BMI indicates being overweight.",weight_heavy:"Your BMI indicates obesity."},calories_needed_with_weight_loss:{active:fq,age:fr,calculate:fs,current_weight_one:"That is",current_weight_two:"than you need to maintain your current weight.",female:am,gain:"gain",goal_weeks:"How fast do you want to reach your new weight (weeks)?",goal_weight:"What is your goal weight (kg)?",height:"Your height (cm)",if_you_want_one:"if you want to",if_you_want_three:"weeks.",if_you_want_two:"kilos in",inactive:ft,less:"less",loss:"lose",male:an,more:"more",result:fp,semi_active:fu,sex:ao,slightly_active:fv,sparetime:fw,sub_title:"Would you like to lose (or gain) weight?",title:fx,very_active:fy,warning:"WARNING",warning_five:"The weight you are aiming for could be unhealthy high depending on your body composition. So be aware of too much belly fat and make sure that you don't messure more than 88 cm (102 cm for men) around the waist.",warning_four:"Your entries resulted in a daily calorie intake of less than 0 calories. Please change your values and try again.",warning_one:"If you reach your desired weight, you will be underweight. We strongly recommend that you aim for a higher and healthier weight. Read more about BMI and healthy weight \u003Ca href='https:\u002F\u002Fiform.dk\u002Fvaegttab\u002Fhvad-betyder-dit-bmi-tal' target='_blank'\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.",warning_three:"The necessary calorie intake if you want to reach your goal is very low! To get a realistic and healthy weight loss we recommend that you get at least 1200 calories a day. So try to aim for either a higher weight or a longer period to reach your goal.",warning_two:"You want to lose weight very quickly! Some people can manage to lose up to 2 kg per week, if they combine tuff calorie reduction and hard training. But we recommend 1 kg per week as a maximum weight loss goal, and 500-700 gram weight loss per week as a reachable and healthy goal.",weight:fz,weight_bmi:"Your new weight will give you a BMI-value of",weight_heavy:"Heavy overweight",weight_normal:"Normal and healthy weight",weight_over:"Over weight",weight_under:"Underweight",work:fA,you_need_one:"You need",you_need_two:"kcal every day",slightly_active_spare:"slightly active (ex. 2 x easy activity\u002Fweek)",inactive_spare:"inactivr",semi_active_spare:"semi active",active_spare:"active",very_active_spare:"very active"},calories_needed:{active:fq,age:fr,calculate:fs,female:am,inactive:ft,kcal:aL,male:an,semi_active:fu,sex:ao,slightly_active:fv,sparetime:fw,title:fx,very_active:fy,weight:fz,work:fA,you_need:"Every day you need"},cooper_test:{calculate:aK,distance:"Distance in meter",result:fB,title:"Cooper test"},fat_percentage:{calculate:aK,hip:"Your hip measure (cm)",result:"Your waist-hip ration is",title:"Calculate fat distribution",waist:"Your waist measure (cm)"},fitness_value:{calculate:"Calculate fitness level",distance:"Completed distance (meter)",error:"Sorry - you either run too fast or too slow. To be able to calculate your fitness level the completed distance has to be between 100 og 1700 meters.",female:am,male:an,result:fB,sex:fC,title:"Calculate your fitness level"},kcal_burn:{activity:fD,calculate:ap,kcal:"kcal.",resting_counted:"Included in the result is your rest consumption at approx. 1 kcal\u002Fmin.",time:"How long time? (minutes)",title:"Calorie calculator",type:"Which kind of exercise did you do?",weight:"What is your weight? (kg)",you_have_burned:"You burned approx."},meters:"meters",protein:{calculate:"Calculate protein need",frequencies:{four_to_five:"4-5 times a week",more_than_five:"More than 5 times a week",two_to_three:"2-3 times a week",zero_to_one:"0-1 times a week"},frequency:"How often do you work out?",grams:"grams of protein each day",insert_weight:"Insert your weight",result:"You need approx.",sport:"Which training do you do?",sports:{fitness:"Fitness",fitness_strength:"Combination of weight lifting and fitness",no_training:"No specific training, limited physical activity",strength:fE,strength_intensive:"Hard strength training to build muscle"},title:"Calculate your protein need",weight:"My weight (kg)",ages:"Hur gammal är du?",age:{young:"Under 65 år",old:"Över 65 år"},sub_title:"Speciellt för gravida och ammande kvinnor",pregnants:"Är du gravid",pregnant:{no:"Nej",yes_first:"Ja, i 1:a trimestern",yes_second:"Ja, under andra trimestern",yes_third:"Ja, i 3:e trimestern"},breastfeedings:"Ammar du?",breastfeeding:{no:"Inga",yes_full:"Ja, full amning",yes_partial:"Ja, delvis amning"},form:{error_title:"Varning",error:{pregnant_breastfeeding:"You have selected that you are both pregnant and breastfeeding. You can certainly be both at once – but maybe check if you made the wrong choice.",old_pregnant_breastfeeding:"You have selected that you are over 65 years old and both pregnant and breastfeeding at the same time. We could, of course, be mistaken, but perhaps you made the wrong choice?",old_pregnant:"You have selected that you are both over 65 years old and pregnant. We could, of course, be mistaken, but perhaps you made the wrong choice?",old_breastfeeding:"You have selected that you are both over 65 years old and breastfeeding. We could, of course, be mistaken, but perhaps you made the wrong choice?"}}},weeks:"weeks",calories_burn:{title:"Hvor lang tid vil det tage mig at forbrænde disse kalorier?",calories:"Hvor mange kalorier? (skriv antal)",activity:"Vælg aktivitet",weight:"Jeg vejer (indtast kg)",calculate:fF,it_will_take:"Det vil tage dig",to_burn:"at forbrænde",kcal:"kalorier",and:eZ,minutes:{one:fa,other:"minutter"},hours:{one:"time",other:"timer"},resting_counted:"Medregnet i resultatet er dit hvileforbrug på ca. 1-1,5 kcal\u002Fmin."},calories_while_resting:{title:fG,sex:fC,weight:"Vægt (kg)",age:"Alder",calculate:fG,male:"Mand",female:"Kvinde",result:"Dit basale stofskifte er",kcal:aL},end_time:{title:"Hvor hurtigt kan du løbe 5 km i dag?",minutes:"Minutter",seconds:"Sekunder",calculate:fF,distance:fH,end_time:"Sluttid",time_ten_km:fI,half_marathon:"Halvmarathon",unknown_result:"Beklager - du løber enten for hurtigt eller langsomt. For at vi kan beregne interval-tider, skal din 5 km-tid være mellem 15 og 35 minutter."},pulse_rate:{title:fJ,calculate:fJ,goal:"Hvad er dit mål med træningen?",resting:"Hvad er din hvilepuls?",maximum:"Hvad er din max puls?",age:"Din alder",no_max_pulse:"Hvis du ikke kender din maksimale puls, skriv din alder i stedet.",result_start:"Du bør træne med en puls der ligger i intervallet",result_end:"slag i minuttet",training_types:{extreme_competition:"Konkurrence",hard_training:"Hård træning",medium_training:"Relativ hård træning",easy_training:"Let træning",warm_up:"Opvarmning"}},kg:"kg",cm:"cm",speed_with_different_weight:{title:fK,weight:"What do you weigh today?",activity:"Choose exercise type",distance:"Enter distance in meters",current_time:fL,future_weight:"What is your future weight? (kg)",hours:fM,minutes:aa,seconds:"Secunds",calculate:ap,running:fN,cycling_flat:"Cycling on flat ground",cycling_hard:"Cycling up hill",swimming:fO,with_new_weight:"Having a weight on",time_will_be:"kg your new time will be",hence:fP,than_today:fQ,faster:fR,slower:fS},speed_with_different_age:{title:fK,age:"My current age",years:"years",sex:ao,male:an,female:am,activity:fD,current_time:fL,age_comparison:"The age I want to be compared to",calculate:ap,hours:fM,minutes:aa,seconds:fT,with_age:"If you were",age_complete:"years old then you would be able to complete your activity in",hence:fP,than_today:fQ,faster:fR,slower:fS,run_fifteenhundred:"1500 m running",run_five:"5 km running",run_ten:"10 km running",run_half_marathon:"Half marathon (21.1 km running)",run_marathon:"Marathon (42.2 km running)",bike_five:"5 km cycling",bike_ten:"10 km cycling",bike_fifteen:"15 km cycling",bike_twenty:"20 km cycling",bike_thirty:"30 km cycling",bike_fourty:"40 km cycling",bike_fifty:"50 km cycling",bike_sixtyfive:"65 km cycling",bike_hundred:"100 km cycling",bike_hundredfifty:"150 km cycling"},speed:{title:"How fast can you run 5 km today?",minutes:aa,seconds:fT,calculate:ap,distance:fH,end_time:"End time",time_ten_km:fI,interval_one:"400 meter intervals",interval_two:"800 meter intervals",interval_three:"1200 meter intervals",tempo:"Tempo training (min\u002Fkm)",long_run:"Long run (min\u002Fkm)"},age:"år",due_date_calculator:{title:"Due date calculator",choose_method:fU,method_from_date_period:"Period",method_from_date_ovulation:"Ovulation",method_from_date_fertility_treatment:"Fertility treatment",first_day_last_period:"Choose first day of last period",cycle_length:"Length (in days) of typical cycle",days:fV,when_in_doubt:"Choose 28 days if in doubt",date_ovulation:"Choose ovulation date",date_fertility_treatment:"Choose fertility treatment date",method:fU,egg_insertion:"Egg insertion",blastocyst_insertion:"Insertion of blastocyst",result:"Congrats! Your due date is",calculate_due_date:"Calculate due date"}}},composite:{reading_time:{title:"Minuter"},story:{theme:{article:{part:aJ,show_less:"show less articles",show_more:fk,title:"artiklar till"}}}},concepts:{foodplan:{"button-link":fW,"button-text":fX,description:aM,"headline-five":fY,"headline-four":fZ,"headline-one":f_,"headline-three":f$,"headline-two":ga,"text-five":gb,"text-four":gc,"text-one":gd,"text-three":ge,"text-two":gf,title:gg},frontpage:{"button-link":fW,"button-text":fX,description:aM,"headline-five":fY,"headline-four":fZ,"headline-one":f_,"headline-three":f$,"headline-two":ga,"text-five":gb,"text-four":gc,"text-one":gd,"text-three":ge,"text-two":gf,title:gg},static:{mostpopular:c,seotext:{title:c,description:c,image:{url:c,title:c}},more_from_same_category:aH,iform_recommends:"Recommendations",newest_recipes:"Newest recipes",enabled:c}},file:{download_text:"Download text"},online_training:{workout_video:{final_celebration:"Good Job!",warmup_question:"Do you want to warmup first?"},warmup_video:{back_to_training:"back to training",title:"Warmup"}},recipe:{bundle:"Bundle",can:"Can",carbohydrate:"Carbohydrate",cl:"Centilitres",cloves:"Cloves",cooking_time:"Cooking time",day:"Day",days:fV,dl:"Deciliter",energy:"Energy",facts:"Facts",fat:"Fat",fiber:"Fiber",gram:"Gram",handful:"Handful",hour:"Time",hours:"hours",how_to:"How you do it",ingredients:"Ingredients",kcal:aL,kg:"Kilogram",liter:"Liter",minute:"Minute",minutes:aa,ml:"Milliliters",nip:"Nip",no_sleep_label:"Avoid turning off the screen",nutrients:"Nutrients",packet:"Packet",people:"People",piece:"Piece",pinch:"Pinch",preparation_time:"Preparation time",protein:"Protein",slice:"Slice",sprinkle:"Sprinkle",tablespoon:"Tablespoon",teaspoon:"Teaspoon",time_consumption:"Time consumption",total_time:"Total time"},sports_list:{aikido:"Aikido",alpine_skiing:"Alpine skiing",badminton:gh,basketball:"Basketball",beachvolley:"Beachvolley",body_building:"Body building",canoe:"Canoe",cardio:"Cardio",cleaning:gi,climbing:gj,cross_bow:"Cross bow",cross_country:gk,cycling:gl,diving:"Diving",dog_walking:"Dog walking",downhill_skiing:"Downhill skiing",fat_burner:"Fat burner",football:"Football",garden_work:"Garden work",general_shooting:"Generel shooting",golf:gm,grun:"Run",gymnastics:"Gymnastics",handball:gn,high_impact:"High impact",hiphop:"Hiphop",hockey:"Hockey",horse_riding:"Horse riding",icehockey:"Icehockey",inliner:"Inliner",judo:"Judo",kayak:"Kayak",kendo:"Kendo",kickboxing:"Kick boxing",kyokushinkai:"Kyokushinkai",latin:"Latin",lawn_mowing:"Lawn mowing",low_impact:"Low impact",mogul_skiing:"Mogul skiing",motocross:"Motocross",mountainbike:go,orienteering:"Orienteering",power_walking:"Power walking",power_yoga:gp,pump:"Pump",road_racing:"Road racing",rowing:gq,running:fN,salsa:"Salsa",sex:ao,skeet_shooting:"Skeet shooting",ski_jump:"Ski jump",snow_shoe:"Snow shoe",spinning:gr,sports_sailing:"Sports sailing",square_dance:"Square dance",squash:gs,standard:"Standard",step:gt,swimming:"Svimming",table_tennis:"Table tennis",tae_bo:"Tae bo",taekwondo:"Taekwondo",tai_chi:"Tai chi",tennis:gu,trail_running:gv,trekking:gw,triathlon:"Triathlon",volleyball:gx,walking:"Walking",water_polo:"Water polo",weight_lifting:fE,windsurfing:"Wind surfing",wood_chopping:"Wood chopping",wrestling:"Wrestling",yoga:gy},sports_met_list:{badminton:gh,boxing:"Boxing",cleaning:gi,climbing:gj,cross_country_skiing:gk,cross_training:"Cross training",cykling:"Cykling (as transportation)",dance:"Dance",go_up_stairs:"Go up stairs",golf:gm,handball:gn,hiit:"HIIT",kajak:"Kajak",karate:"Karate\u002Ftaekwondo",mountainbike:go,mowing:"Mowing",paddle:"Stand up paddle",padel:"Padel",power_yoga:gp,powerwalking:"Powerwalking",rest:"Rest",riding:"Riding",road_cycling:gl,roller_skating:"Roller skating",rowing:gq,rowing_machine:"Rowing machine",running_fast:"Running, fast (13,5 km\u002Ft)",running_moderate:"Running, moderate (12 km\u002Ft)",running_slow:"Running, slow (9,5 km\u002Ft)",sedentary_work:"Sedentary work",shipping:"Shipping",slalom:"Slalom",soccer:"Soccer",spinning:gr,squash:gs,standing_work:"Standing work",step:gt,strength_hard:"Hard strength",strength_light:"Light strength",swimming:fO,tennis:gu,trail_running:gv,trampoline:"Trampoline",trekking:gw,volleyball:gx,walking_and_running:"Walking and Running",walking_fast:"Walking fast (5,5 km\u002Ft)",walking_moderate:"Walking moderate (4,8 km\u002Ft)",walking_slow:"Walking slow (3,2 km\u002Ft)",weeding:"Weeding",yoga:gy,e_bike_moderate:"E-bike, moderate assistance level (21 km\u002Fh)",e_bike_city:"E-bike, urban cycling (16 km\u002Fh)"},training_page:{advanced:"Advanced",beginner:"Beginner",change_level:"Change level",choose_level:"Choose level",find_your_level:"Find your level",headline:"Headline",how_much_time:"How much time",minutes:aa,no_results:"No resuls",save_settings:"Save settings",what_is_your_level:"What is your level",description:{default:"All Quick fit trainings",filtered:"Your Quick fit trainings"}},meta:{title:af,description:eR},video_meta:{seconds:"sec.",minutes:"min."},scrolltotop:{title:e$},facebook:{link_illvid:c},schema:{instagram:c},time:{right_now:"Just nu",hour:"timme",hours_since:"timmar sedan"},advert:{overheadtext:"annons"},product:{content:{description:aM,price:"Price example",usage:"Where is it used",pros:"Pros",cons:"Cons",strength:"Strength",durability:"Durability",maintenance:"Maintenance",range_capability:"Capability",insulating_ability:"Ability",density:"Density",dimensions:"Dimensions"}},product_show_material:"Material",product_compararison_materials:"Materials",product_compararison:"Compare",product_compare_button:"Compare materials",filter_result_categories:c,filter_result_categories_to_filter:c,head:{search_placeholder:c},chapter:{summary:{content:"Indholdsfortegnelse"}},taxonomy:{license:"Licens",operating_systems:"Systemkrav",languages:au,genre:"Genre",type_kom:"Typ",category:"Kategori",sprog:au}},siteData:a,pageData:{id:_,type:ar,layout:v,editorialType:v},contenthub_id:a,pageViews:r,pageType:"article",firstRender:g,cookieConsent:a,consentInteracted:g,windowWidth:r,favourites:[],user:a,searchTerm:c,searches:r,article:bV,paywallInitialzied:g,pianoIsInitialzied:g,fetchedDataStatus:g,dominantImgMeta:[{"data-n-head":aN,name:"cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-tv",content:"q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=13:9"},{"data-n-head":aN,name:"cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-square",content:"q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=1:1"},{"data-n-head":aN,name:"cXenseParse:bse-dominantimage-crop-wide169",content:"q=60&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&ar=16:9"}],newsletterSoureCode:{sourcecode:"299292",permissiontext:"Ja tack, jag vill gärna få mejl från Populär Historia (som ges ut av Bonnier Publications International AS), med artiklar, erbjudanden, tävlingar, m.m. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fnewslettersignup\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ELäs mer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Jag kan avregistrera mig när som helst via länken i mejlet. Läs personuppgiftspolicyn \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbonnierpublications.com\u002Fpersonuppgiftspolicy-fi\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Ehär\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.",errortext:c,status:"1"},footerMenu:a,collapsableContent:[],userIsChecked:a,chapters:a,frontPageContent:a,numberOfStickyBannersToShow:a,dataLayerPageData:a,commercialArticleData:a,videoClass:a,videoArticleSubContent:a,signUpFormData:a,searchWidgetFormData:a,bamData:{},css:{cssProperties:[],customColors:[]}},serverRendered:h,routePath:eN,config:{KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS:u,PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS:u,APPLE_ITUNES_APP:"app-id=1089532775",PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO:y,KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT:u,unstable_restarts:r,treekill:h,PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_HOST:aO,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR:aP,DIDOMI_BRAND_LANG_ID:"g4pXwYB2",SITE_ENV:gz,SENTRY_PUBLISH_RELEASE:g,SENTRY_DISABLE_CLIENT_SIDE:g,HOSTNAME:"phi-se-prod-ap-application-765fcc547f-xbtsc",env:aq,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_PORT:u,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_PORT:t,PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT:t,namespace:v,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR:aQ,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT_HTTP:t,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR:aP,APP_CODE:"brandsite",restart_time:r,COOKIE_CONSENT_CBID:"ba3c863d-b49f-4a1d-a032-415b0116bd5d",PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT_HTTP:t,YARN_VERSION:"1.22.19",PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS:u,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO:y,axm_options:aq,vizion_running:g,GOOGLE_TAG_MANAGER_ID:"GTM-5HQ6KLM",PWD:gA,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP:"tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.130.198:443",args:"-c,\u002Fapp\u002Fnode_modules\u002Fnuxt\u002Fbin\u002Fnuxt.js start",API_ENDPOINT:"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.popularhistoria.se",PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR:aO,exec_interpreter:"none",PM2_HOME:"\u002Froot\u002F.pm2",PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_PORT:u,PM2_PROGRAMMATIC:h,BAU_INIT:h,HOME:"\u002Froot",NODE_APP_INSTANCE:r,SENTRY_DSN:"https:\u002F\u002F9db6c91485604ef59cca0e93ea817bec@o490129.ingest.sentry.io\u002F5556474",KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP:gB,pm_id:r,BRAND_NAME:af,CXENSE_ID:"1144078187860753704",DATA_TCF_V2_ENABLED:h,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR:aQ,PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP:"tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.218:443",pm_uptime:gC,km_link:g,TRACKING_GA_VER_4:h,pm_cwd:gA,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_HOST:aP,SENTRY_DISABLED:g,nuxt:{},PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_PORT:t,ENABLE_NEWS_SITEMAP:h,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP:"tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.230:443",PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT_HTTP:t,FACEBOOK_APP_ID:105617402794483,autostart:h,axm_monitor:aq,instance_var:"NODE_APP_INSTANCE",pmx:h,PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT_HTTP:t,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO:y,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT:gD,PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR:aR,PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR:aR,PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO:y,NUXT_HOST:"0.0.0.0",unique_id:"db34fc9e-e494-4b45-9339-9bf4a91d5445",PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO:y,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT:t,IMG_CDN_DOMAIN:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages-bonnier.imgix.net",vizion:h,username:"root",PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP:"tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.130.40:443",ENABLE_IMAGES_SITEMAP:h,PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT:gE,DATA_TCF_GLOBAL_SCOPE:" false",PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT:gF,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS:u,windowsHide:h,instances:eT,automation:h,axm_actions:c,SHLVL:r,PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_HOST:aR,BRAND_CODE:aT,KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO:y,SITE_TYPE:"brand",PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO:y,APP_LANGUAGE_CODE:e,KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR:gG,NEWSLETTER_URI:"https:\u002F\u002Fnewsletter2.bonnier.cloud\u002Fapi\u002Fv2\u002Fnewsletters",NEWSLETTER_URL:"https:\u002F\u002Fnewsletter2.bonnier.cloud",PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_PORT:t,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP:gH,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_PORT:u,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT:gH,PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR:aO,PM2_INTERACTOR_PROCESSING:h,PM2_JSON_PROCESSING:h,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP:gD,created_at:gC,KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST:gG,RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY:"6LeemcUUAAAAAObAXa73lnEbyJGgquQshlRvmqxB",PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS:u,KUBERNETES_PORT:gB,KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT:u,merge_logs:h,pm_pid_path:"\u002Froot\u002F.pm2\u002Fpids\u002Fnuxt-0.pid",APP_MARKET_CODE:aS,PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO:y,PM2_DISCRETE_MODE:h,PIANO_ID:as,PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP:gE,PATH:"\u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fsbin:\u002Fusr\u002Flocal\u002Fbin:\u002Fusr\u002Fsbin:\u002Fusr\u002Fbin:\u002Fsbin:\u002Fbin",pm_err_log_path:"\u002Froot\u002F.pm2\u002Flogs\u002Fnuxt-error.log",COOKIE_CONSENT_CULTURE:"SV",PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_HOST:aQ,PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP:gF,kill_retry_time:at,NODE_VERSION:"16.17.1",axm_dynamic:aq,PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_443_TCP_PORT:u,autorestart:h,node_args:c,exec_mode:"fork_mode",SENTRY_DISABLE_SERVER_SIDE:g,pm_exec_path:"\u002Fbin\u002Fbash",PHI_BACKEND_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT:t,PHI_SE_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_PORT:t,status:"launching",PHI_BACKEND_BETA_AP_APPLICATION_SERVICE_PORT:t,PHI_SE_PROD_AP_APPLICATION_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO:y,name:"nuxt",pm_out_log_path:"\u002Froot\u002F.pm2\u002Flogs\u002Fnuxt-out.log",SITE_DOMAIN:"popularhistoria.se",_:"\u002Fapp\u002Fnode_modules\u002Fnuxt\u002Fbin\u002Fnuxt.js",NODE_ENV:gz,_applied:h,_app:{basePath:fn,assetsPath:"\u002F_nuxt\u002F",cdnURL:a}}}}(null,"category","",.5,"sv",3,false,true,"Article","custom","Europe\u002FCopenhagen","Sjöfart","\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart","publish",1.4423076923076923,"Newsletterblock","https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Ftags\u002Fnewsletterblock",0,3037,80,443,"default","#","Svenska flottan – ubåtskriget i Östersjön 1942","tcp","Sjöhistoriska museet","https:\u002F\u002Fschema.org","Under andra världskriget stod den svenska flottan i hög beredskap för att försvara landet och säkra handelsvägarna, även när konflikten med sovjetiska ubåtar intensifierades.","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F09\u002F28130225\u002Fubat-krig.jpg","Ubat-krig-Ostersjon","Ubatskrig i Ostersjon",168,"Teknik",21653,"Fartyg från svenska flottan eskorterar handelsfartyg, 1942.","#020302","#3f4c41","#81887e","#acb2ac","#d6d9d5","#e6e6e5",.807879,"#8ccf30","#b7bbb5","#7b847a","#34432f","#2c410f","newsletterblock","\u002Ftags\u002Fnewsletterblock",591,3034,"b66e15fd-9c4c-4003-9481-f9653bfb38eb",21648,"https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik","Minutes","\u002Fteknik","\u002Fom-popular-historia","page","https:\u002F\u002Fprenumeration.popularhistoria.se\u002Fbrand\u002Fpopular-historia\u002F?media=Abonner_link","Populär Historia","https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fubatskriget-i-ostersjon","Svenska flottan – kallt krig i skärgården 1980","#9c6b59","#d19132","Svenska flottan – drama vid Svensksund 1790","Svenska flottan – femhundra år av segrar och bottennapp","Female","Male","Sex","Calculate","[object Object]","composite","e12AvcYGpu",100,"Språk",190,4,101,"Om Populär Historia","2024-01-16 13:53:11.000000","https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart","lead_paragraph","MHI migrering","https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Ftags\u002Fmhi-migrering","ListItem","BannerWidget","Senaste","Mer från","Lösenord","Tema","Show result","kcal","Description","ssr","10.21.128.218","10.21.128.230","10.21.130.198","10.21.130.40","se","PHI",137,"\u002Fsveriges-historia","Sveriges historia",165,"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002F1900-tal","1900-tal",157,"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002F1800-tal","1800-tal",160,"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002F1700-talet","1700-tal",151,"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002Fvikingatiden","Vikingatid",155,"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002Fstormaktstiden","Stormaktstid",153,"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002Fmedeltiden","Medeltid",147,"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002Fvasatiden","Vasatid",145,"\u002Fsveriges-historia\u002Fforntid","Forntid","\u002Fpolitik","Politik",54,"\u002Fkrig","Krig",194,"\u002Fvardagsliv","Vardagsliv",124,"\u002Fsamhalle","Samhälle",32,"\u002Fcivilisationer","Civilisationer",71,"\u002Fkultur","Kultur",214,"\u002Fvetenskap","Vetenskap","\u002Fteknik\u002Farkitektur\u002Fbyggnadsverk","Byggnadsverk",118,"\u002Freligion","Religion","Prenumerera nu","https:\u002F\u002Fkundtjanst.nu\u002F","Prenumerera",{},"Lars Ericson Wolke","Historisk skribent","https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fauthor\u002Flars-ericson-wolke",456,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjE2NDg=",41,"4cdecc82-322d-4bf9-8a0a-a221d1995487","#010400",Array(10),21659,21660,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F09\u002F28150121\u002FKalla.kriget.skargarden.jpg","U-137-Kalla-kriget","Ett svenskt fartyg ligger intill den sovjetiska ubåten U 137 som i oktober 1981 gick på grund vid Gåsefjärden i Karlskronas skärgård.","U 137 | Kalla Kriget","Albert Håkansson\u002FTT Nyhetsbyrån","#040304","#5b1c16","#976f5b","#88a9b5","#a8c6c7","#8ac6d0",.520502,"#ea6121","#b6c8c6","#5598a7","#0b61bb","#ead1a9","#4b3532","1980 markerade en kritisk vändpunkt under kalla kriget när Sverige mötte en främmande ubåt nära Karlskrona, och det avslöjades att ubåten bar kärnvapen.","\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fkallt-krig-i-skargarden","2024-01-16 13:55:40.000000",487,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjE2NTk=",21522,"Svenska flottan – skeppet Mars blodiga undergång 1564","Svenska flottan – skeppet Mars blodiga undergång 1564 ",21524,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F09\u002F13143854\u002FGettyImages-1155869077_edit.jpg","Sjoslag-svenska-flottan","Det svenska amiralsskeppet Mars (främst i gruppen till höger) omringat och på väg att bordas av de dansk-lybska fartygen Engelen och Fuchs under slaget vid Öland den 31 maj 1564. Pieter Cornelisz van Soests skildring av fartygstyper och de svenska flaggorna är anakronistisk.","Sjoslag | Svenska flottan","Fine Art Images\u002FHeritage Images via Getty Images","#100c0a","#724712","#b0abb2","#edd6c9",.772434,"#cdb7ae","#6a380b","#f3d0b1","#59492d","Under sjöslaget vid Öland 1564 kapitulerade Jakob Bagges amiralsfartyg Mars efter en dramatisk strid med danskarna, kort därefter inträffade katastrofen.","\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fmars-blodiga-undergang","2024-01-16 13:52:42.000000",479,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjE1MjI=",21536,21646,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F09\u002F28111134\u002Fsvensksund_slag.jpg","svensksund-slag","Slutskedet av slaget, skildrat av Johan Tietrich Schoultz. I mitten försöker de stora ryska fartygen, som inte kan fly, stå emot den svenska artillerielden. Till höger sprängs två kanonslupar ur bohuslänska brigaden i luften efter fullträffar.","Slaget i Svensksund","Nationalmuseum","#0e0407","#726c51","#969f99","#b2bec4","#c5ced1","#bad7e2",.699186,"#2993ba","#b1c8cf","#a09564","#685826","#f2e6b6","#534930","I slutet av Gustav III:s ryska krig 1790 vände Sverige en nästan säker förlust till en avgörande sjöseger vid Svensksund.","\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fsvensksund","2024-01-16 13:53:56.000000",466,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjE1MzY=",21529,"Svenska flottan – blågul seger vid Femern 1644","Svenska flottan – blågul seger vid Femern 1644 ",21530,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F09\u002F13155923\u002Fchristian_iv_by_vilhelm_marstrand.jpg","Sjoslag-Sverige-Danmark","Danske kung Kristian IV förlorade sitt ena öga, men var ändå segerviss efter sjöslaget vid Kolberger Heide, som föregick slaget vid Femern. Här ses den sårade kungen på skeppet Trefoldigheden. Målning från 1865 av Wilhelm Marstrand. ","Sjoslag | Sverige och Danmark","Det Nationalhistoriske Museum","#f7ebd2","#d6d2e7","#b7c8ce","#a89aa0","#8f726d","#5c4b2e",.440255,"#cf602f","#b0abce","#b06c52","#6d1608","#f3c894","#50322d","Svenska och danska flottan stod inför avgörande strider under kriget på 1600-talet. I det dramatiska slaget vid Femern segade den svenska flottan, förstärkt med nederländska skepp.","\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fseger-vid-femern","2024-01-16 13:54:48.000000",450,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjE1Mjk=",21508,21513,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fphi\u002Fproduction\u002F2023\u002F09\u002F13131800\u002FO-03957b_edit-1.jpg","Svenska-flottan-historia","Den svenska flottan seglar ut från Revals redd den 13 maj 1790, efter ett anfall på en rysk eskader under Gustav III:s ryska krig. Målning av Jacob Hägg (1839–1932).","Svenska flottans historia","#221720","#6a5a5c","#916b55","#a9978f","#7792d0","#dbdce3",.630231,"#d69e57","#abb1cc","#566ea8","#152c60","#99c3f1","#2c3252","I juni 1522 köpte Gustav Vasa ett antal fartyg, och därmed var den svenska flottan född. Dess dramatiska historia och utveckling är tätt sammankopplad med det vid olika tider rådande säkerhetspolitiska läget. Kliv ombord för en tidsresa till sjöss under fem sekler! ","\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fsvenska-flottan-femhundra-ar","2024-01-16 13:51:06.000000",8,1086,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1QSEktMjE1MDg=","Svenska flottan och medelhavets kapare","#f6c745","#554d33","Första ubåten trampades fram","turtle start",3052,"Vasaskeppet och maktspelet om Östersjön","#8d714f","Hajen 100 år",.75,"U3 skulle patrullera nära kusten",Array(4),"Titanic – vägen mot katastrofen","När Titanic hittades på 3 800 meters djup","#d69565","Titanic – 89 svenskar miste livet","#284748","#3b3934","#87837c","\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fubatskriget-i-ostersjon","https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se\u002Fteknik\u002Fsjofart\u002Fubatskriget-i-ostersjon#article","sv-SE","https:\u002F\u002Fpopularhistoria.se","Sedan 1991 berättar tidningen Populär Historia om fascinerande händelser och personer, från forntid till folkhem.","ItemList",1,"BcmBanner","Video","Gallery","Skriv in sökord","Sök","og","Stäng","Till toppen","minut","Nyhetsbrev","Hem","Show more","Min information","Se även","Logga in","Ljud","Skriv in postnummer","https:\u002F\u002Fkundtjanst.nu\u002Flogin\u002F?active=forgot-subscription","Visa","https:\u002F\u002Fitunes.apple.com\u002Fus\u002Fapp\u002Fillustreret-videnskab\u002Fid1441316894?ls=1&mt=8","https:\u002F\u002Fplay.google.com\u002Fstore\u002Fapps\u002Fdetails?id=com.bonnier.illuscience","\u002F",".","Result","Active","My age is","Calculate calorie consumption","Inactive","Semi active","Alightly active","Normally I am","Calculate your necessary calorie consumption","Very active","I weigh (kg)","While working I am normally","Your fitness level is","Køn","Choose activity","Weight lifting","Beregn","Beregn hvile-stofskifte","Distance","10 km","Beregn træningspuls","Calculate your speed","My current time","Hours","Running","Swimming","Hence","than today","faster","slower","Seconds","Choose method","days","Button link","Button text","Headline five","Headline four","Headline one","Headline three","Headline two","Text five","Text four","Text one","Text three","Text two","Title","Badminton","Cleaning","Climbing","Cross country skiing","Road cycling","Golf","Handball","Mountainbike","Power yoga","Rowing","Spinning","Squash","Step","Tennis","Trail running","Trekking","Volleyball","Yoga","production","\u002Fapp","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.1:443",1731928914432,"tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.130.198:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.130.40:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.218:80","10.21.128.1","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.230:80"));</script><script src="/_nuxt/96c9e07.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/b4e1666.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/9068e0a.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/3d1def3.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/32dc11e.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/215629e.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/637e2d8.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/5e0ea2b.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/97109a0.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/00e7755.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/678f290.js" defer></script> </body> </html>