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cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" aria-label="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" autocapitalize="sentences" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:खोज"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोजें</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&returntoquery=diff%3Dcur%26oldid%3D6300999" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&returntoquery=diff%3Dcur%26oldid%3D6300999" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&returntoquery=diff%3Dcur%26oldid%3D6300999" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&returntoquery=diff%3Dcur%26oldid%3D6300999" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-एक_सामाजिक_वर्ग_के_रूप_में_उत्पत्ति" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#एक_सामाजिक_वर्ग_के_रूप_में_उत्पत्ति"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>एक सामाजिक वर्ग के रूप में उत्पत्ति</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-एक_सामाजिक_वर्ग_के_रूप_में_उत्पत्ति-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>एक सामाजिक वर्ग के रूप में उत्पत्ति उप-अनुभाग को टॉगल करें</span> </button> <ul id="toc-एक_सामाजिक_वर्ग_के_रूप_में_उत्पत्ति-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-पुरुष_सूक्त" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#पुरुष_सूक्त"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>पुरुष सूक्त</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-पुरुष_सूक्त-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ब्राह्मण,_भक्ति_आंदोलन_और_सामाजिक_सुधार_आंदोलन" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ब्राह्मण,_भक्ति_आंदोलन_और_सामाजिक_सुधार_आंदोलन"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ब्राह्मण, भक्ति आंदोलन और सामाजिक सुधार आंदोलन</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ब्राह्मण,_भक्ति_आंदोलन_और_सामाजिक_सुधार_आंदोलन-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ये_भी_देखें" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ये_भी_देखें"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ये भी देखें</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ये_भी_देखें-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>सन्दर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-बाहरी_कड़ियाँ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#बाहरी_कड़ियाँ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>बाहरी कड़ियाँ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-बाहरी_कड़ियाँ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">"ब्राह्मण": अवतरणों में अंतर</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 80 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaan" title="Brahmaan – अफ़्रीकी" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brahmaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ़्रीकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polomen" title="Polomen – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Polomen" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9" title="براهمة – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="براهمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="براهمين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="براهمين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanlar" title="Brahmanlar – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brahmanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Brahmin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Брахманы – बेलारूसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брахманы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3_(%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3)" title="ব্রাহ্মণ (বর্ণ) – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রাহ্মণ (বর্ণ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramans" title="Bramans – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bramans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A1hman" title="Bráhman – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bráhman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin – डेनिश" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brahmin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanen" title="Brahmanen – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brahmanen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μπραχμάνος – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπραχμάνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Brahmin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramano" title="Bramano – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bramano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahm%C3%A1n_(casta)" title="Brahmán (casta) – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brahmán (casta)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braahman" title="Braahman – एस्टोनियाई" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Braahman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="एस्टोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman_(kasta)" title="Brahman (kasta) – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brahman (kasta)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="برهمین – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برهمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaani" title="Brahmaani – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brahmaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmane" title="Brahmane – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brahmane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brahmana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A3" title="બ્રાહ્મણ – गुजराती" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બ્રાહ્મણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="गुजराती" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmani" title="Brahmani – क्रोएशियाई" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brahmani" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahminok" title="Brahminok – हंगेरियाई" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brahminok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हंगेरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բրահմաններ – आर्मेनियाई" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրահմաններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brahmana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmani" title="Brahmani – आइसलैंडिक" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brahmani" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसलैंडिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramino" title="Bramino – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bramino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3" title="バラモン – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バラモン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="ბრაჰმანი (ვარნა) – जॉर्जियाई" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრაჰმანი (ვარნა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जॉर्जियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Брахмандар – कज़ाख़" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Брахмандар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="कज़ाख़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D" title="ព្រាហ្មណ៍ – खमेर" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រាហ្មណ៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="खमेर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3" title="ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ – कन्नड़" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="कन्नड़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%8C" title="브라만 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브라만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Брахмандар – किर्गीज़" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Брахмандар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="किर्गीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman_(tribus)" title="Brahman (tribus) – लैटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Brahman (tribus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="लैटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanai" title="Brahmanai – लिथुआनियाई" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brahmanai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma%C5%86i" title="Brahmaņi – लातवियाई" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brahmaņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लातवियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" title="ब्राह्मण – मैथिली" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ब्राह्मण" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="मैथिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BC" title="ബ്രാഹ്മണർ – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രാഹ്മണർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бярман – मंगोलियाई" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бярман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="मंगोलियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3)" title="ब्राह्मण (वर्ण) – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्राह्मण (वर्ण)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brahmin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပုဏ္ဏား – बर्मीज़" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပုဏ္ဏား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="बर्मीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" title="ब्राह्मण – नेपाली" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ब्राह्मण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="नेपाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" title="ब्राह्मण – नेवाड़ी" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ब्राह्मण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="नेवाड़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmaan" title="Brahmaan – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brahmaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramin" title="Bramin – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bramin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramin" title="Bramin – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bramin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braman" title="Braman – ओसीटान" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Braman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ओसीटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A3" title="ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ – ओड़िया" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ओड़िया" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A3" title="ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="दविज – पाली" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="दविज" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="पाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bramin" title="Bramin – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bramin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%85%D9%86" title="برہمن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برہمن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%85%D9%86" title="برهمن – पश्तो" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برهمن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="पश्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A2mane" title="Brâmane – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brâmane" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casta_Brahmanilor" title="Casta Brahmanilor – रोमानियाई" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Casta Brahmanilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Брахманы – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брахманы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%83" title="ब्राह्मणः – संस्कृत" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ब्राह्मणः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="संस्कृत" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmani" title="Brahmani – सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brahmani" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%B6%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="බ‍්‍රාහ්මණයෝ සහ බ‍්‍රාහ්මණ සමාජය – सिंहली" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බ‍්‍රාහ්මණයෝ සහ බ‍්‍රාහ්මණ සමාජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="सिंहली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brahmin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman_(u%C4%8Denec)" title="Brahman (učenec) – स्लोवाक" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brahman (učenec)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवाक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin – अल्बानियाई" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Brahmin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Брамани – सर्बियाई" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брамани" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brahmin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பிராமணர் – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிராமணர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="బ్రాహ్మణులు – तेलुगू" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బ్రాహ్మణులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="तेलुगू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="พราหมณ์ – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พราหมณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brahmin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmannar" title="Brahmannar – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Brahmannar" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Брахмани – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брахмани" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%85%D9%86" title="براہمن – उर्दू" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="براہمن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanlar" title="Brahmanlar – उज़्बेक" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brahmanlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज़्बेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0-la-m%C3%B4n" title="Bà-la-môn – वियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bà-la-môn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="वियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8" title="婆罗门 – वू चीनी" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="婆罗门" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="वू चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8" title="婆罗门 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="婆罗门" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" 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इसके जरिए सारांश में पुरानी स्थिति में लाने का कारण लिखा जा सकता है।">पूर्ववत करें</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-userlink" title="सदस्य:संजीव कुमार" data-mw-revid="6310316"><bdi>संजीव कुमार</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="सदस्य वार्ता:संजीव कुमार">वार्ता</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="विशेष:योगदान/संजीव कुमार">योगदान</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:प्रबंधक">प्रबंधक</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1,00,217</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="यह एक छोटा संपादन है">छो</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8/Riteze" title="विशेष:योगदान/Riteze">Riteze</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Riteze" title="सदस्य वार्ता:Riteze">Talk</a>) के संपादनों को हटाकर <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="सदस्य:संजीव कुमार">संजीव कुमार</a> के आखिरी अवतरण को पूर्ववत किया</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%97" title="विशेष:टैग">टैग</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mw-rollback">वापस लिया</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-disambiguator-link-added">Disambiguation links</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="hi">(एक दूसरे सदस्य द्वारा किए गए बीच के 16 अवतरण नहीं दर्शाए गए)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">पंक्ति 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">पंक्ति 2:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:Image taken from page 40 of 'The Land of Temples (India)' (11151912296).jpg|thumb|सन् 1882 में गंगा नदी की पूजा करते हुए ब्राह्मण।]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Image taken from page 40 of 'The Land of Temples (India)' (11151912296).jpg|thumb|सन् 1882 में गंगा नदी की पूजा करते हुए ब्राह्मण।]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>'''ब्राह्मण''' वैदिक हिन्दू समाज के भीतर एक <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[कुंडली#</del>वर्ण<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|वर्ण]]</del> है। अन्य तीन वर्ण क्षत्रिय, वैश्य और शूद्र हैं। ब्राह्मणों का पारंपरिक व्यवसाय अध्यापन, हिंदू मंदिरों में या सामाजिक-धार्मिक समारोहों में पौरोहित्य कर्म (पुरोहित, पंडित, या पुजारी) का काम करना और अनुष्ठान और यज्ञ करना है।<ref name="Wren2004">{{cite book | author = Benjamin Lee Wren | date = 2004 | title = Teaching World Civilization with Joy and Enthusiasm | publisher = University Press of America | pages = 77– | isbn = 978-0-7618-2747-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XdvfevJAsgMC&pg=PA77|quote=At the top were the Brahmins(priests), then the Kshatriyas(warriors), then the vaishya(the merchant class which only in India had a place of honor in Asia), next were the sudras(farmers), and finally the pariah(untouchables), or those who did the dirty defiling work}}</ref><ref name="Valpey2019">{{cite book | author = Kenneth R. Valpey | date = 2 November 2019 | title = Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics | publisher = Springer Nature | pages = 169– | isbn = 978-3-03-028408-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EJO7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169|quote=The four varnas are the brahmins (brahmanas—priests, teachers); kshatriyas (ksatriyas—administrators, rulers); vaishyas (vaisyas—farmers, bankers, business people); and shudras(laborers, artisans)}}</ref><ref name="BullietCrossleyHeadrick2018">{{cite book | author1 = Richard Bulliet | author2 = Pamela Crossley | author3 = Daniel Headrick | author4 = Steven Hirsch | author5 = Lyman Johnson | date = 11 October 2018 | title = The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Volume I | publisher = Cengage Learning | pages = 172– | isbn = 978-0-357-15937-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lJRUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|quote=Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/ administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.}}</ref><ref name="Iriye1979">{{cite book | author = Akira Iriye | date = 1979 | title = The World of Asia | publisher = Forum Press | pages = | isbn = 978-0-88273-500-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tM-CAAAAIAAJ|quote=The four varna groupings in descending order of their importance came to be Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (warriors and administrators), Vaishya (cultivators and merchants), and Sudra (peasants and menial laborers)|page=106}}</ref> ब्राह्मण के कर्म है [[वेद]] का पठन-पाठन, दान देना, दान लेना, यज्ञ करना, यज्ञ करवाना इत्यादि। </div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>'''ब्राह्मण''' वैदिक हिन्दू समाज के भीतर एक वर्ण<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> और साथ ही एक जाति</ins> है। अन्य तीन वर्ण क्षत्रिय, वैश्य और शूद्र हैं। ब्राह्मणों का पारंपरिक व्यवसाय अध्यापन, हिंदू मंदिरों में या सामाजिक-धार्मिक समारोहों में पौरोहित्य कर्म (पुरोहित, पंडित, या पुजारी) का काम करना और अनुष्ठान और यज्ञ करना है।<ref name="Wren2004">{{cite book | author = Benjamin Lee Wren | date = 2004 | title = Teaching World Civilization with Joy and Enthusiasm | publisher = University Press of America | pages = 77– | isbn = 978-0-7618-2747-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XdvfevJAsgMC&pg=PA77|quote=At the top were the Brahmins(priests), then the Kshatriyas(warriors), then the vaishya(the merchant class which only in India had a place of honor in Asia), next were the sudras(farmers), and finally the pariah(untouchables), or those who did the dirty defiling work}}</ref><ref name="Valpey2019">{{cite book | author = Kenneth R. Valpey | date = 2 November 2019 | title = Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics | publisher = Springer Nature | pages = 169– | isbn = 978-3-03-028408-4 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EJO7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169|quote=The four varnas are the brahmins (brahmanas—priests, teachers); kshatriyas (ksatriyas—administrators, rulers); vaishyas (vaisyas—farmers, bankers, business people); and shudras(laborers, artisans)}}</ref><ref name="BullietCrossleyHeadrick2018">{{cite book | author1 = Richard Bulliet | author2 = Pamela Crossley | author3 = Daniel Headrick | author4 = Steven Hirsch | author5 = Lyman Johnson | date = 11 October 2018 | title = The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Volume I | publisher = Cengage Learning | pages = 172– | isbn = 978-0-357-15937-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lJRUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|quote=Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/ administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.}}</ref><ref name="Iriye1979">{{cite book | author = Akira Iriye | date = 1979 | title = The World of Asia | publisher = Forum Press | pages = | isbn = 978-0-88273-500-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tM-CAAAAIAAJ|quote=The four varna groupings in descending order of their importance came to be Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (warriors and administrators), Vaishya (cultivators and merchants), and Sudra (peasants and menial laborers)|page=106}}</ref> ब्राह्मण के कर्म है [[वेद]] का पठन-पाठन, दान देना, दान लेना, यज्ञ करना, यज्ञ करवाना इत्यादि। </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>परंपरागत रूप से, ब्राह्मणों को चार सामाजिक वर्गों में सर्वोच्च अनुष्ठान का दर्जा दिया जाता है और उन्होंने आध्यात्मिक शिक्षक ( गुरु या आचार्य ) के रूप में भी काम किया है। व्यवहार में, भारतीय ग्रंथों से पता चलता है कि कुछ ब्राह्मण ऐतिहासिक रूप से कृषक , योद्धा , व्यापारी भी बन गए थे और उन्होंने भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में अन्य व्यवसाय भी संभाले थे।</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>परंपरागत रूप से, ब्राह्मणों को चार सामाजिक वर्गों में सर्वोच्च अनुष्ठान का दर्जा दिया जाता है और उन्होंने आध्यात्मिक शिक्षक ( गुरु या आचार्य ) के रूप में भी काम किया है। व्यवहार में, भारतीय ग्रंथों से पता चलता है कि कुछ ब्राह्मण ऐतिहासिक रूप से कृषक , योद्धा , व्यापारी भी बन गए थे और उन्होंने भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में अन्य व्यवसाय भी संभाले थे।</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">पंक्ति 42:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">पंक्ति 42:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[ब्राह्मण-ग्रन्थ]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [[ब्राह्मण-ग्रन्थ]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[हिन्दू धर्म|ब्राह्मणो की सूची]] </div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [[हिन्दू धर्म|ब्राह्मणो की सूची]] </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">कुंडली#</del>वर्ण|ब्राह्मण वर्ण]] </div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [[वर्ण|ब्राह्मण वर्ण]] </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [[जाति|ब्राह्मण क्रन्तिकारी]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [[जाति|ब्राह्मण क्रन्तिकारी]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>== सन्दर्भ ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>== सन्दर्भ ==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>17:01, 23 नवम्बर 2024 के समय का अवतरण</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hi" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">अन्य प्रयोगों के लिए, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80)" class="mw-disambig" title="ब्राह्मण (बहुविकल्पी)">ब्राह्मण (बहुविकल्पी)</a> देखें।</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Image_taken_from_page_40_of_%27The_Land_of_Temples_(India)%27_(11151912296).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Image_taken_from_page_40_of_%27The_Land_of_Temples_%28India%29%27_%2811151912296%29.jpg/220px-Image_taken_from_page_40_of_%27The_Land_of_Temples_%28India%29%27_%2811151912296%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Image_taken_from_page_40_of_%27The_Land_of_Temples_%28India%29%27_%2811151912296%29.jpg/330px-Image_taken_from_page_40_of_%27The_Land_of_Temples_%28India%29%27_%2811151912296%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Image_taken_from_page_40_of_%27The_Land_of_Temples_%28India%29%27_%2811151912296%29.jpg/440px-Image_taken_from_page_40_of_%27The_Land_of_Temples_%28India%29%27_%2811151912296%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1904" data-file-height="1256" /></a><figcaption>सन् 1882 में गंगा नदी की पूजा करते हुए ब्राह्मण।</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ब्राह्मण</b> वैदिक हिन्दू समाज के भीतर एक वर्ण और साथ ही एक जाति है। अन्य तीन वर्ण क्षत्रिय, वैश्य और शूद्र हैं। ब्राह्मणों का पारंपरिक व्यवसाय अध्यापन, हिंदू मंदिरों में या सामाजिक-धार्मिक समारोहों में पौरोहित्य कर्म (पुरोहित, पंडित, या पुजारी) का काम करना और अनुष्ठान और यज्ञ करना है।<sup id="cite_ref-Wren2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wren2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Valpey2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valpey2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BullietCrossleyHeadrick2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BullietCrossleyHeadrick2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iriye1979_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iriye1979-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ब्राह्मण के कर्म है <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद">वेद</a> का पठन-पाठन, दान देना, दान लेना, यज्ञ करना, यज्ञ करवाना इत्यादि। </p><p>परंपरागत रूप से, ब्राह्मणों को चार सामाजिक वर्गों में सर्वोच्च अनुष्ठान का दर्जा दिया जाता है और उन्होंने आध्यात्मिक शिक्षक ( गुरु या आचार्य ) के रूप में भी काम किया है। व्यवहार में, भारतीय ग्रंथों से पता चलता है कि कुछ ब्राह्मण ऐतिहासिक रूप से कृषक , योद्धा , व्यापारी भी बन गए थे और उन्होंने भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप में अन्य व्यवसाय भी संभाले थे। ।<sup id="cite_ref-doniger141_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doniger141-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> प्राचीन भारत के कई विद्वान, खगोल शास्त्री, लेखक और आचार्य इसी जाति से आते है। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="एक_सामाजिक_वर्ग_के_रूप_में_उत्पत्ति"><span id=".E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.97_.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.87_.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.AA_.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82_.E0.A4.89.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BF"></span>एक सामाजिक वर्ग के रूप में उत्पत्ति</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: एक सामाजिक वर्ग के रूप में उत्पत्ति"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5613282/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Mikhail-Tikhanov-Brahmin-1817.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mikhail-Tikhanov-Brahmin-1817.jpg/97px-Mikhail-Tikhanov-Brahmin-1817.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mikhail-Tikhanov-Brahmin-1817.jpg/146px-Mikhail-Tikhanov-Brahmin-1817.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Mikhail-Tikhanov-Brahmin-1817.jpg/194px-Mikhail-Tikhanov-Brahmin-1817.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">ब्रिटिश बंगाल आर्मी का एक ब्राह्मण सिपाही</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Four_Ascetic_Brahmans_MET_16459.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Four_Ascetic_Brahmans_MET_16459.jpg/187px-Four_Ascetic_Brahmans_MET_16459.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Four_Ascetic_Brahmans_MET_16459.jpg/281px-Four_Ascetic_Brahmans_MET_16459.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Four_Ascetic_Brahmans_MET_16459.jpg/374px-Four_Ascetic_Brahmans_MET_16459.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2994" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">चार सन्यासी ब्राह्मण, गांधार</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Candi_Prambanan_-_102_Brahmins,_Visnu_Temple_(12042036684).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Candi_Prambanan_-_102_Brahmins%2C_Visnu_Temple_%2812042036684%29.jpg/152px-Candi_Prambanan_-_102_Brahmins%2C_Visnu_Temple_%2812042036684%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Candi_Prambanan_-_102_Brahmins%2C_Visnu_Temple_%2812042036684%29.jpg/228px-Candi_Prambanan_-_102_Brahmins%2C_Visnu_Temple_%2812042036684%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Candi_Prambanan_-_102_Brahmins%2C_Visnu_Temple_%2812042036684%29.jpg/304px-Candi_Prambanan_-_102_Brahmins%2C_Visnu_Temple_%2812042036684%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">एक ब्राह्मण परिवार. इंडोनेशिया.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:A_Brahmin_standing_praying_in_the_corner_of_the_streets_1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Brahmin_standing_praying_in_the_corner_of_the_streets_1863.jpg/132px-A_Brahmin_standing_praying_in_the_corner_of_the_streets_1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Brahmin_standing_praying_in_the_corner_of_the_streets_1863.jpg/198px-A_Brahmin_standing_praying_in_the_corner_of_the_streets_1863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/A_Brahmin_standing_praying_in_the_corner_of_the_streets_1863.jpg/264px-A_Brahmin_standing_praying_in_the_corner_of_the_streets_1863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="529" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">संध्या वंदन करता एक ब्राह्मण. भारत, 1863</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Officers_1st_Brahmins,_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Officers_1st_Brahmins%2C_1922.jpg/186px-Officers_1st_Brahmins%2C_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Officers_1st_Brahmins%2C_1922.jpg/279px-Officers_1st_Brahmins%2C_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Officers_1st_Brahmins%2C_1922.jpg/372px-Officers_1st_Brahmins%2C_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="504" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">फर्स्ट ब्राह्मन्स रेजिमेंट के ब्राह्मण अधिकारी</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:100px;max-width:100px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh_statue_-_Kolkata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh_statue_-_Kolkata.JPG/98px-Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh_statue_-_Kolkata.JPG" decoding="async" width="98" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh_statue_-_Kolkata.JPG/147px-Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh_statue_-_Kolkata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh_statue_-_Kolkata.JPG/196px-Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh_statue_-_Kolkata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1942" data-file-height="2326" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">महाराजा लक्ष्मेश्वर सिंह मूर्ति</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Chanakya_artistic_depiction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Chanakya_artistic_depiction.jpg/101px-Chanakya_artistic_depiction.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Chanakya_artistic_depiction.jpg/152px-Chanakya_artistic_depiction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Chanakya_artistic_depiction.jpg/202px-Chanakya_artistic_depiction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="1610" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">प्राचीन भारतीय अर्थशास्त्री और सैन्य रणनीतिकार <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="चाणक्य">चाणक्य</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:185px;max-width:185px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Aryabhata-5_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Aryabhata-5_%281%29.jpg/183px-Aryabhata-5_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Aryabhata-5_%281%29.jpg/275px-Aryabhata-5_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Aryabhata-5_%281%29.jpg/366px-Aryabhata-5_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="694" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">प्राचीन भारतीय गणितज्ञ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="आर्यभट्ट">आर्यभट्ट</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि मध्यकालीन शताब्दियों में अधिकांश प्रवासी ब्राह्मणों का उद्गम स्थान <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C" title="कन्नौज">कन्नौज</a> और मध्य देश ही था। मध्यदेश या गंगा के गढ़ से दूर के इलाकों में ब्राह्मणों के बीच यह अक्सर दावा किया जाता है कि यह कन्नौज से आये है।<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="पुरुष_सूक्त"><span id=".E0.A4.AA.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B7_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.82.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A4"></span>पुरुष सूक्त</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: पुरुष सूक्त"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>संभावित सामाजिक वर्ग के रूप में "ब्राह्मण" का सबसे पहला अनुमानित संदर्भ ऋग्वेद में एक बार मिलता है, और भजन को पुरुष सूक्त कहा जाता है।<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> मंडल 10 , ऋग्वेद 10.90.11-2 के एक भजन के अनुसार , ब्राह्मणों को पुरुष अर्थात ब्रह्मा के मुख से निकला हुआ बताया गया है , जो शरीर का वह हिस्सा है जहां से शब्द निकलते हैं।<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ब्राह्मण,_भक्ति_आंदोलन_और_सामाजिक_सुधार_आंदोलन"><span id=".E0.A4.AC.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.A3.2C_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A4.E0.A4.BF_.E0.A4.86.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.B2.E0.A4.A8_.E0.A4.94.E0.A4.B0_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.A7.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B0_.E0.A4.86.E0.A4.82.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.B2.E0.A4.A8"></span>ब्राह्मण, भक्ति आंदोलन और सामाजिक सुधार आंदोलन</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: ब्राह्मण, भक्ति आंदोलन और सामाजिक सुधार आंदोलन"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Ram_Mohan_Roy.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ram_Mohan_Roy.JPG/170px-Ram_Mohan_Roy.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ram_Mohan_Roy.JPG/255px-Ram_Mohan_Roy.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ram_Mohan_Roy.JPG/340px-Ram_Mohan_Roy.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="राजा राम मोहन राय">राजा राम मोहन राय</a>, ब्रह्म् समाज के सन्स्थापक</figcaption></figure><p>भक्ति आंदोलन के कई प्रमुख विचारक ब्राह्मण थे, एक ऐसा आंदोलन जिसने एक व्यक्ति के व्यक्तिगत भगवान के साथ सीधे संबंध को प्रोत्साहित किया।<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bhakti2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhakti2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> भक्ति आंदोलन को पोषित करने वाले कई ब्राह्मणों में रामानुज , निम्बार्क , वल्लभ और वैष्णववाद के माधवाचार्य थे<sup id="cite_ref-bhakti2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhakti2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> रामानंद , एक अन्य भक्ति कवि संत थे ।<sup id="cite_ref-ronald_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ronald-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-william_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-william-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> रामानंद ने लिंग, वर्ग, जाति या धर्म (जैसे मुस्लिम) के आधार पर किसी से भेदभाव किए बिना आध्यात्मिक गतिविधियों में सभी का स्वागत किया।<sup id="cite_ref-lorenzen_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lorenzen-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-larsonvair_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larsonvair-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-julia_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-julia-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> उन्होंने अपने आध्यात्मिक संदेश को व्यापक रूप से सुलभ बनाने के लिए, संस्कृत के बजाय व्यापक रूप से बोली जाने वाली स्थानीय भाषा का उपयोग करते हुए कविताओं में लिखा। हिंदू परंपरा उन्हें हिंदू रामानंदी संप्रदाय के संस्थापक के रूप में मान्यता देती है।<sup id="cite_ref-schomer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schomer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-selva_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selva-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lochtefeld553_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lochtefeld553-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>अन्य मध्ययुगीन युग के ब्राह्मण जिन्होंने सामाजिक या लैंगिक भेदभाव के बिना आध्यात्मिक आंदोलन का नेतृत्व किया, उनमें अंडाल (9वीं शताब्दी की महिला कवि), बसव (12वीं शताब्दी के लिंगायतवाद), ज्ञानेश्वर (13वीं शताब्दी के भक्ति कवि), वल्लभ आचार्य (16वीं शताब्दी के वैष्णव कवि), शामिल हैं। चैतन्य महाप्रभु (14वीं शताब्दी के वैष्णव संत) अन्य लोगों में शामिल थे।<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>18वीं और 19वीं सदी के कई ब्राह्मणों को मूर्तिपूजा की आलोचना करने वाले धार्मिक आंदोलनों का श्रेय दिया जाता है । उदाहरण के लिए, ब्राह्मण राजा राम मोहन राय ने ब्रह्म समाज का नेतृत्व किया और दयानंद सरस्वती ने आर्य समाज का नेतृत्व किया ।<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ये_भी_देखें"><span id=".E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.87_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.96.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.82"></span>ये भी देखें</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: ये भी देखें"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दू वर्ण व्यवस्था">ब्राह्मण राजवंश</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3-%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="ब्राह्मण-ग्रन्थ">ब्राह्मण-ग्रन्थ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="हिन्दू धर्म">ब्राह्मणो की सूची</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="वर्ण">ब्राह्मण वर्ण</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="जाति">ब्राह्मण क्रन्तिकारी</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>सन्दर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सन्दर्भ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wren2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wren2004_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Benjamin Lee Wren (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XdvfevJAsgMC&pg=PA77"><i>Teaching World Civilization with Joy and Enthusiasm</i></a>. University Press of America. पपृ॰ 77–. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-7618-2747-4" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-7618-2747-4"><bdi>978-0-7618-2747-4</bdi></a>. <q>At the top were the Brahmins(priests), then the Kshatriyas(warriors), then the vaishya(the merchant class which only in India had a place of honor in Asia), next were the sudras(farmers), and finally the pariah(untouchables), or those who did the dirty defiling work</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+World+Civilization+with+Joy+and+Enthusiasm&rft.pages=77-&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-2747-4&rft.au=Benjamin+Lee+Wren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXdvfevJAsgMC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5547232">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valpey2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Valpey2019_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kenneth R. Valpey (2 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EJO7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA169"><i>Cow Care in Hindu Animal Ethics</i></a>. Springer Nature. पपृ॰ 169–. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-3-03-028408-4" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-3-03-028408-4"><bdi>978-3-03-028408-4</bdi></a>. <q>The four varnas are the brahmins (brahmanas—priests, teachers); kshatriyas (ksatriyas—administrators, rulers); vaishyas (vaisyas—farmers, bankers, business people); and shudras(laborers, artisans)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cow+Care+in+Hindu+Animal+Ethics&rft.pages=169-&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2019-11-02&rft.isbn=978-3-03-028408-4&rft.au=Kenneth+R.+Valpey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEJO7DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BullietCrossleyHeadrick2018-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BullietCrossleyHeadrick2018_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Richard Bulliet; Pamela Crossley; Daniel Headrick; Steven Hirsch; Lyman Johnson (11 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lJRUEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA172"><i>The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Volume I</i></a>. Cengage Learning. पपृ॰ 172–. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-357-15937-8" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-357-15937-8"><bdi>978-0-357-15937-8</bdi></a>. <q>Varna are the four major social divisions: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/ administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earth+and+Its+Peoples%3A+A+Global+History%2C+Volume+I&rft.pages=172-&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft.isbn=978-0-357-15937-8&rft.au=Richard+Bulliet&rft.au=Pamela+Crossley&rft.au=Daniel+Headrick&rft.au=Steven+Hirsch&rft.au=Lyman+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlJRUEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iriye1979-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Iriye1979_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Akira Iriye (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tM-CAAAAIAAJ"><i>The World of Asia</i></a>. Forum Press. पृ॰ 106. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-88273-500-9" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-88273-500-9"><bdi>978-0-88273-500-9</bdi></a>. <q>The four varna groupings in descending order of their importance came to be Brahmin (priests), Kshatriya (warriors and administrators), Vaishya (cultivators and merchants), and Sudra (peasants and menial laborers)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Asia&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Forum+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-88273-500-9&rft.au=Akira+Iriye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtM-CAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doniger141-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-doniger141_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Doniger, Wendy (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/141"><i>Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions</i></a>. Springfield, MA, US: Merriam-Webster. पपृ॰ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/141">141–142, 186</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-87779-044-0" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-87779-044-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-044-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+encyclopedia+of+world+religions&rft.place=Springfield%2C+MA%2C+US&rft.pages=141-142%2C+186&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-044-0&rft.aulast=Doniger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780877790440%2Fpage%2F141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wink, André (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Making_of_the_Indo_Islamic_World/uPXvDwAAQBAJ?hl=en"><i>The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700-1800 CE</i></a>. E.J. Brill. पृ॰ 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Indo-Islamic+World+C.700-1800+CE&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.in%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Making_of_the_Indo_Islamic_World%2FuPXvDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="मैक्स मूलर">मैक्स मूलर</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofancient00mluoft#page/570/mode/2up">A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature</a> (अंग्रेज़ी में), <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी प्रेस">ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी प्रेस</a>, पृष्ठ 570–571</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Thapar, Romila (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-5irrXX0apQC&pg=PA125"><i>Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300</i></a>. University of California Press. पृ॰ 125. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/9780520242258" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/9780520242258"><bdi>9780520242258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+India%3A+From+the+Origins+to+AD+1300&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780520242258&rft.aulast=Thapar&rft.aufirst=Romila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-5irrXX0apQC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheldon Pollock (2009), The Language of the Gods in the World of Men, University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0520260030" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0520260030">978-0520260030</a>, pages 423–431</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bhakti2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bhakti2_10-0">अ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bhakti2_10-1">आ</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Oliver Leaman (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vK-GAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA251"><i>Eastern Philosophy: Key Readings</i></a>. Routledge. पृ॰ 251. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-1-134-68919-4" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-1-134-68919-4"><bdi>978-1-134-68919-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Philosophy%3A+Key+Readings&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-68919-4&rft.au=Oliver+Leaman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvK-GAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232">;<br /><cite class="citation book">S. M. Srinivasa Chari (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=evmiLInyxBMC"><i>Vaiṣṇavism: Its Philosophy, Theology, and Religious Discipline</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. पपृ॰ 32–33. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-81-208-1098-3" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-81-208-1098-3"><bdi>978-81-208-1098-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87avism%3A+Its+Philosophy%2C+Theology%2C+and+Religious+Discipline&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1098-3&rft.au=S.+M.+Srinivasa+Chari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DevmiLInyxBMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ronald-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ronald_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald McGregor (1984), Hindi literature from its beginnings to the nineteenth century, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-3-447-02413-6" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-3-447-02413-6">978-3-447-02413-6</a>, pages 42–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-william-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-william_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Pinch (1996), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Peasants_and_Monks_in_British_India/B7cwDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA53">Peasants and Monks in British India</a></i>, University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-520-20061-6" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-520-20061-6">978-0-520-20061-6</a>, pages 53–89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lorenzen-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lorenzen_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="hi" dir="ltr">सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: <code><ref></code> का गलत प्रयोग; <code>lorenzen</code> नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है।</span></li> <li id="cite_note-larsonvair-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-larsonvair_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald James Larson (1995), India's Agony Over Religion, State University of New York Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-7914-2412-4" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-7914-2412-4">978-0-7914-2412-4</a>, page 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-julia-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-julia_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Julia Leslie (1996), Myth and Mythmaking: Continuous Evolution in Indian Tradition, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-7007-0303-6" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-7007-0303-6">978-0-7007-0303-6</a>, pages 117–119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schomer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-schomer_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schomer and McLeod (1987), The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India, Motilal Banarsidass, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-81-208-0277-3" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-81-208-0277-3">978-81-208-0277-3</a>, pages 4–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-selva-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-selva_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Selva Raj and William Harman (2007), Dealing with Deities: The Ritual Vow in South Asia, State University of New York Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-7914-6708-4" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-7914-6708-4">978-0-7914-6708-4</a>, pages 165–166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lochtefeld553-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lochtefeld553_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James G Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z, Rosen Publishing, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-8239-3180-4" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-8239-3180-4">978-0-8239-3180-4</a>, pages 553–554</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Stratton Hawley (2015), A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement, Harvard University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-674-18746-7" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-674-18746-7">978-0-674-18746-7</a>, pages 304–310</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachel McDermott (2001), Singing to the Goddess: Poems to Kālī and Umā from Bengal, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-19-513434-6" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-19-513434-6">978-0-19-513434-6</a>, pages 8–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/may2005/engpdf/mahima_dharma_bhima_bhoi_biswanathbaba.pdf">"Mahima Dharma, Bhima Bhoi and Biswanathbaba"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224314/http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/may2005/engpdf/mahima_dharma_bhima_bhoi_biswanathbaba.pdf">Archived</a> 26 सितंबर 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="वेबैक मशीन">वेबैक मशीन</a>, An Orissa movement by Brahmin Mukunda Das (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Noel Salmond (2004), Hindu iconoclasts: Rammohun Roy, Dayananda Sarasvati and nineteenth-century polemics against idolatry, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/0-88920-419-5" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/0-88920-419-5">0-88920-419-5</a>, pages 65–68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorothy Figueira (2002), Aryans, Jews, Brahmins: Theorizing Authority through Myths of Identity, State University of New York Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-7914-5531-9" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-7914-5531-9">978-0-7914-5531-9</a>, pages 90–117</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="बाहरी_कड़ियाँ"><span id=".E0.A4.AC.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.A1.E0.A4.BC.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AF.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.81"></span>बाहरी कड़ियाँ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3&action=edit&section=6" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: बाहरी कड़ियाँ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="हिन्दू_धर्म" style="width:100%; vertical-align:middle;border;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/60px-Hinduism_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/80px-Hinduism_symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="278" /></a></span><span class="nowrap">  </span> </span> </big></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFDF00;width:10%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="हिन्दू धर्म ग्रंथ">धर्म ग्रंथ</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="वेद">वेद</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D" title="उपनिषद्">उपनिषद्</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="श्रुति">श्रुति</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE)" title="इतिहास (हिन्दू धर्म)">इतिहास</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3" title="रामायण">रामायण</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="महाभारत">महाभारत</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता">श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता</a>) · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="पुराण">पुराण</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="सूत्र">सूत्र</a> · <a 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="धर्म">धर्म</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="कर्म">कर्म</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="मोक्ष">मोक्ष</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="माया">माया</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="मूर्ति">मूर्ति</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="पुनर्जन्म">पुनर्जन्म</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="संसार">संसार</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5(%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE)" class="mw-redirect" title="तत्त्व(हिन्दू धर्म)">तत्त्व</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="त्रिमूर्ति">त्रिमूर्ति</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कृतार्थ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">कृतार्थ</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="गुरु-शिष्य परम्परा">गुरु</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFDF00;width:10%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="दर्शन">दर्शन</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दू मान्यता">मान्यता</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="सांख्य">सांख्य</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="न्याय">न्याय</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" class="mw-redirect" title="वैशेषिक">वैशेषिक</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="योग">योग</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="मीमांसा">मीमांसा</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="वेदान्त">वेदान्त</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="तन्त्र">तन्त्र</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="भक्ति योग">भक्ति</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="साँचा:हिन्दू दर्शन">हिन्दू दर्शन</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFDF00;width:10%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE(%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="परम्परा(हिन्दू धर्म) (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">परम्परा</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7" title="ज्योतिष">ज्योतिष</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="आयुर्वेद">आयुर्वेद</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="आरती">आरती</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="भजन">भजन</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="दर्शन">दर्शन</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="दीक्षा">दीक्षा</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="मन्त्र">मन्त्र</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="पूजा">पूजा</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="सत्संग">सत्संग</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="स्तोत्र">स्तोत्र</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="हिन्दू विवाह">विवाह</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E" title="यज्ञ">यज्ञ</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="श्राद्ध">श्राद्ध</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हिन्दू संस्कार">हिन्दू संस्कार</a> . <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पितृ विसर्जन अमावस्या">पितृ विसर्जन अमावस्या </a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFDF00;width:10%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="गुरु">गुरु</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="आदि शङ्कराचार्य">शंकर</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="रामानुजाचार्य">रामानुज</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="माध्वाचार्य">माध्वाचार्य</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="रामकृष्ण परमहंस">रामकृष्ण</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="शारदा देवी">शारदा देवी</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द">स्वामी विवेकानन्द</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="नारायण गुरु">नारायण गुरु</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="श्री अरविन्द">श्री अरविन्द</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="रामन् महर्षि">रामन् महर्षि</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="स्वामी शिवानन्द सरस्वती">शिवानन्द</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वामी चिन्मयानंद">स्वामी चिन्मयानंद</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="घनश्याम पाण्डे">स्वामिनारायण</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="भक्तिवेदान्त स्वामी प्रभुपाद">प्रभुपाद</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5" title="लोकनाथ">लोकनाथ</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFDF00;width:10%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="युग">युग</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="सत्य युग">सत्य युग</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="त्रेता युग">त्रेता युग</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="द्वापर युग">द्वापर युग</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="कलि युग">कलि युग</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFDF00;width:10%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दू वर्ण व्यवस्था">वर्ण</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ब्राह्मण</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF" title="क्षत्रिय">क्षत्रिय</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="वैश्य">वैश्य</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शूद्र">शूद्र</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="वर्णाश्रम धर्म">वर्णाश्रम धर्म</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFDF00;width:10%;">मापन</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="हिन्दू मापन प्रणाली">हिन्दू मापन प्रणाली</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दू लम्बाई गणना">हिन्दू लम्बाई गणना</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दू काल गणना">हिन्दू काल गणना</a> · <a 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हिन्दू पुनरुत्थान">हिन्दू पुनरुत्थान</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFDF00;width:10%;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="हिन्दू तीर्थ">हिन्दू तीर्थ</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="भारत के चार धाम">चार धाम</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="सप्त पुरियां">सप्त पुरियां</a> · <a 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