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<span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Elizabethan_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Elizabethan_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Elizabethan England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Elizabethan_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Movable_do_solfège" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movable_do_solfège"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Movable do solfège</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movable_do_solfège-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Major</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Minor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fixed_do_solfège" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixed_do_solfège"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fixed do solfège</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixed_do_solfège-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chromatic_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chromatic_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Chromatic variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chromatic_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Solfège</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قراءة موسيقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قراءة موسيقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfecio" title="Solfecio – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Solfecio" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge" title="Solfège – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Solfège" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B0" title="Сальфеджыа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сальфеджыа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Солфеж – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Солфеж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfeig" title="Solfeig – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solfeig" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solmiza%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_slabiky" title="Solmizační slabiky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Solmizační slabiky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge" title="Solfège – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Solfège" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfed%C5%BEo" title="Solfedžo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Solfedžo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfeo" title="Solfeo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Solfeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfe%C4%9Do" title="Solfeĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Solfeĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfeo" title="Solfeo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Solfeo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%DA%98" title="سلفژ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلفژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge" title="Solfège – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solfège" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfexo" title="Solfexo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Solfexo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EB%AA%85%EC%B0%BD" title="계명창 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계명창" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%B8" title="Սոլֆեջո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սոլֆեջո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfejo" title="Solfejo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Solfejo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge" title="Solfège – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Solfège" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfeggio" title="Solfeggio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solfeggio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%92%27" title="סולפג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולפג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Сольфеджио – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сольфеджио" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Сольфеджио – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сольфеджио" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Солфеж – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Солфеж" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BA" title="ဆိုးဖက်ဂျ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိုးဖက်ဂျ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge" title="Solfège – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Solfège" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="स्वारा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्वारा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5" title="ソルフェージュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソルフェージュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfa" title="Solfa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Solfa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfegi" title="Solfegi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Solfegi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Сольфеджио – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сольфеджио" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfejio" title="Solfejio – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Solfejio" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfe%C5%BC" title="Solfeż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Solfeż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfejo" title="Solfejo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solfejo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfegiu" title="Solfegiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Solfegiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Сольфеджио – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сольфеджио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solmiza%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_stupnica" title="Solmizačná stupnica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Solmizačná stupnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfej" title="Solfej – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Solfej" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BE" title="Сольфеджіо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сольфеджіо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E5%90%8D" title="唱名 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="唱名" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Music teaching method</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For similar terms, see <a href="/wiki/Solfeggietto" title="Solfeggietto">Solfeggietto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solfege_(manga)" title="Solfege (manga)">Solfege (manga)</a>.</div> <p>In music, <b>solfège</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ʒ/: 's' in 'pleasure'">ʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[sɔlfɛʒ]</a></span>) or <b>solfeggio</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[solˈfeddʒo]</a></span>), also called <b>sol-fa</b>, <b>solfa</b>, <b>solfeo</b>, among many names, is a <a href="/wiki/Mnemonic" title="Mnemonic">mnemonic</a> used in teaching <a href="/wiki/Aural_skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Aural skills">aural skills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sight-reading" title="Sight-reading">sight-reading</a> of <a href="/wiki/Western_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Western classical music">Western music</a>. Solfège is a form of <a href="/wiki/Solmization" title="Solmization">solmization</a>, though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">Syllables</a> are assigned to the notes of the <a href="/wiki/Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music)">scale</a> and assist the musician in <a href="/wiki/Gordon_music_learning_theory#Audiation" title="Gordon music learning theory">audiating</a>, or mentally hearing, the pitches of a piece of music, often for the purpose of singing them aloud. Through the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a> (and much later in some <a href="/wiki/Shapenote" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapenote">shapenote</a> publications) various interlocking four-, five- and six-note systems were employed to cover the octave. The <a href="/wiki/Tonic_sol-fa" title="Tonic sol-fa">tonic sol-fa</a> method popularized the seven syllables commonly used in English-speaking countries: <i>do</i> (spelled <i>doh</i> in <a href="/wiki/Tonic_sol-fa" title="Tonic sol-fa">tonic sol-fa</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>re</i>, <i>mi</i>, <i>fa</i>, <i>so(l)</i>, <i>la</i>, and <i>ti</i> (or <i>si</i>) (see <a href="/wiki/Fixed_do_solf%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed do solfège">below</a>). </p><p>There are two current ways of applying solfège: 1) <a href="#Fixed_do_solfège">fixed do</a>, where the syllables are always tied to specific pitches (e.g., "do" is always "C-natural") and 2) <a href="#Movable_do_solfège">movable do</a>, where the syllables are assigned to <a href="/wiki/Scale_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale degree">scale degrees</a>, with "do" always the first degree of the major scale. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/solf%C3%A8ge" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/solfège">solfège</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>Italian "<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">solfeggio</i></span>" and English/French "<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">solfège</i></span>" derive from the names of two of the syllables used: <i>sol</i> and <i>fa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-mw-solfeggio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-solfeggio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mw-solfege_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-solfege-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The generic term "<a href="/wiki/Solmization" title="Solmization">solmization</a>", referring to any system of denoting <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitches</a> of a musical scale by syllables, including those used in India and Japan as well as solfège, comes from French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">solmisation</i></span>, from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">solfège</i></span> syllables <i>sol</i> and <i>mi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-mw-solmization_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-solmization-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The verb "to sol-fa" means to sing the solfège syllables of a passage (as opposed to singing the lyrics, humming, etc).<sup id="cite_ref-mw-sol-fa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-sol-fa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In eleventh-century Italy, the music theorist <a href="/wiki/Guido_of_Arezzo" title="Guido of Arezzo">Guido of Arezzo</a> invented a notational system that named the six notes of the <a href="/wiki/Hexachord" title="Hexachord">hexachord</a> after the first syllable of each line of the Latin <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymn</a> "<a href="/wiki/Ut_queant_laxis" title="Ut queant laxis">Ut queant laxis</a>", the "Hymn to St. <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>", yielding <i>ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McNaught_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNaught-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each successive line of this hymn begins on the next <a href="/wiki/Scale_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale degree">scale degree</a>, so each note's name was the syllable sung at that pitch in this hymn. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ut_Queant_Laxis_MT.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ut_Queant_Laxis_MT.png/386px-Ut_Queant_Laxis_MT.png" decoding="async" width="386" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ut_Queant_Laxis_MT.png/579px-Ut_Queant_Laxis_MT.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ut_Queant_Laxis_MT.png/772px-Ut_Queant_Laxis_MT.png 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Sheet music for "Ut queant laxis"</figcaption></figure> <blockquote> <div class="poem"> <p><u><b>Ut</b></u> queant laxīs    <u><b>re</b></u>sonāre fibrīs<br /> <u><b>Mī</b></u>ra gestōrum    <u><b>fa</b></u>mulī tuōrum,<br /> <u><b>Sol</b></u>ve pollūtī    <u><b>la</b></u>biī reātum,<br /> Sancte Iohannēs. </p> </div> </blockquote> <p>The words were ascribed to <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Diaconus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulus Diaconus">Paulus Diaconus</a> in the 8th century. They translate as: </p> <blockquote> <div class="poem"> <p>So that your servants may with loosened voices<br /> Resound the wonders of your deeds,<br /> Clean the guilt from our stained lips,<br /> O Saint John. </p> </div> </blockquote> <p>"Ut" was changed in the 1600s in Italy to the <a href="/wiki/Open_syllable" class="mw-redirect" title="Open syllable">open syllable</a> Do.<sup id="cite_ref-McNaught_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNaught-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guido's system had only six notes, but "si" was added later as the seventh note of the diatonic scale. In <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">Anglophone</a> countries, "si" was changed to "ti" by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Glover" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Glover">Sarah Glover</a> in the nineteenth century so that every syllable might <a href="/wiki/Tonic_sol-fa" title="Tonic sol-fa">begin with a different letter</a>. "Ti" is used in <a href="/wiki/Tonic_sol-fa" title="Tonic sol-fa">tonic sol-fa</a> (and in the famed American show tune "<a href="/wiki/Do-Re-Mi" title="Do-Re-Mi">Do-Re-Mi</a>"). </p><p>Some authors speculate that the solfège syllables (<i>do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti</i>) might have been influenced by the syllables of the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arabic</a> solmization system called درر مفصّلات <i>Durar Mufaṣṣalāt</i> ("Detailed Pearls") (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet"><i>dāl, rā', mīm, fā', ṣād, lām, tā'</i></a>). This mixed-origin theory was brought forward by scholars as early as the seventeenth and eighteenth century, in the works of <a href="/wiki/Francisci_a_Mesgnien_Meninski" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisci a Mesgnien Meninski">Francisci a Mesgnien Meninski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Benjamin_de_La_Borde" title="Jean-Benjamin de La Borde">Jean-Benjamin de La Borde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholars are mostly skeptical.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Elizabethan_England">In Elizabethan England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Elizabethan England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_era" title="Elizabethan era">Elizabethan era</a>, England and its related territories used only four of the syllables: mi, fa, sol, and la. "Mi" stood for modern ti or si, "fa" for modern do or ut, "sol" for modern re, and "la" for modern mi. Then, fa, sol and la would be repeated to also stand for their modern counterparts, resulting in the scale being "fa, sol, la, fa, sol, la, mi, fa". The use of "fa", "sol" and "la" for two positions in the scale is a leftover from the Guidonian system of so-called "mutations" (i.e. changes of hexachord on a note, see <a href="/wiki/Guidonian_hand" title="Guidonian hand">Guidonian hand</a>). This system was largely eliminated by the 19th century, but is still used in some <a href="/wiki/Shape_note" title="Shape note">shape note</a> systems, which give each of the four syllables "fa", "sol", "la", and "mi" a different shape. </p><p>An example of this type of solmization occurs in Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i>, where in Act 1, Scene 2, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_(King_Lear)" title="Edmund (King Lear)">Edmund</a> exclaims to himself right after Edgar's entrance so that Edgar can hear him: "O, these eclipses do portend these divisions". Then, in the 1623 <a href="/wiki/First_Folio" title="First Folio">First Folio</a> (but not in the 1608 Quarto), he adds "Fa, so, la, mi". This Edmund probably sang to the tune of <i>Fa</i>, <i>So</i>, <i>La</i>, <i>Ti</i> (e.g. F, G, A, B in C major), i.e. an ascending sequence of three whole tones with an ominous feel to it: see <a href="/wiki/Tritone#Historical_uses" title="Tritone">tritone (historical uses)</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solfège is still used for sight reading training. There are two main types: <i>Movable do</i> and <i>Fixed do</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movable_do_solfège"><span id="Movable_do_solf.C3.A8ge"></span>Movable do solfège</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Movable do solfège"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>Movable do</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>tonic sol-fa</i>, each syllable corresponds to a <a href="/wiki/Scale_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Scale degree">scale degree</a>; for example, if the music changes into a higher key, each syllable moves to a correspondingly higher note. This is analogous to the Guidonian practice of giving each degree of the hexachord a solfège name, and is mostly used in Germanic countries, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> countries, and the United States. </p><p>One particularly important variant of movable do, but differing in some respects from the system described below, was invented in the nineteenth century by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Ann_Glover" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarah Ann Glover">Sarah Ann Glover</a>, and is known as <a href="/wiki/Tonic_sol-fa" title="Tonic sol-fa">tonic sol-fa</a>. </p><p>In Italy, in 1972, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Goitre" title="Roberto Goitre">Roberto Goitre</a> wrote the famous method "Cantar leggendo", which has come to be used for choruses and for music for young children. </p><p>The pedagogical advantage of the movable-Do system is its ability to assist in the theoretical understanding of music; because a tonic is established and then sung in comparison to, the student infers melodic and chordal implications through their singing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major">Major</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Major"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Movable do is frequently employed in Australia, China, Japan (with 5th being so, and 7th being si), Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Hong Kong, and English-speaking Canada. The movable do system is a fundamental element of the <a href="/wiki/Kod%C3%A1ly_method" title="Kodály method">Kodály method</a> used primarily in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, but with a dedicated following worldwide. In the movable do system, each solfège syllable corresponds not to a pitch, but to a scale degree: The first degree of a major scale is always sung as "do", the second as "re", etc. (For minor keys, see below.) In movable do, a given tune is therefore always sol-faed on the same syllables, no matter what key it is in. </p><p>The solfège syllables used for movable do differ slightly from those used for fixed do, because the English variant of the basic syllables ("ti" instead of "si") is usually used, and <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">chromatically</a> altered syllables are usually included as well. </p> <table style="margin:auto;" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Major scale degree </th> <th>Mova. do solfège syllable </th> <th># of half steps from Do </th> <th><abbr title="Traditional pronunciation">Trad. pron.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>Do</b> </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/doʊ/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>Raised 1 </td> <td>Di </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/diː/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey;"> <td>Lowered 2 </td> <td>Ra </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɹɑː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td><b>Re</b> </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɹeɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raised 2 </td> <td>Ri </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɹiː/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey; background:#fff;"> <td>Lowered 3 </td> <td>Me (& Ma) </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/meɪ/</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/mɑː/</span>) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td><b>3</b> </td> <td><b>Mi</b> </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/miː/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey;"> <td><b>4</b> </td> <td><b>Fa</b> </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/fɑː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raised 4 </td> <td>Fi </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/fiː/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey; background:#fff;"> <td>Lowered 5 </td> <td>Se </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/seɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td><b>5</b> </td> <td><b>Sol</b> </td> <td>7 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/soʊ/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>Raised 5 </td> <td>Si </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/siː/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey;"> <td>Lowered 6 </td> <td>Le (& Lo) </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/leɪ/</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/loʊ/</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>6</b> </td> <td><b>La</b> </td> <td>9 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/lɑː/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raised 6 </td> <td>Li </td> <td>10 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/liː/</span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey; background:#fff;"> <td>Lowered 7 </td> <td>Te (& Ta) </td> <td>10 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/teɪ/</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tɑː/</span>) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td><b>7</b> </td> <td><b>Ti</b> </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tiː/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>If, at a certain point, the key of a piece modulates, then it is necessary to change the solfège syllables at that point. For example, if a piece begins in C major, then C is initially sung on "do", D on "re", etc. If, however, the piece then modulates to F major, then F is sung on "do", G on "re", etc., and C is then sung on "sol". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minor">Minor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Minor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Passages in a minor key may be sol-faed in one of two ways in movable do: either starting on do (using "me", "le", and "te" for the lowered third, sixth, and seventh degrees, and "la" and "ti" for the raised sixth and seventh degrees), which is referred to as "do-based minor", or starting on la (using "fi" and "si" for the raised sixth and seventh degrees). The latter (referred to as "la-based minor") is sometimes preferred in choral singing, especially with children. </p><p>The choice of which system is used for minor makes a difference as to how you handle modulations. In the first case ("do-based minor"), when the key moves for example from C major to C minor the syllable do keeps pointing to the same note, namely C, (there's no "mutation" of do's note), but when the key shifts from C major to A minor (or A major), the scale is transposed from do = C to do = A. In the second case ("la-based minor"), when the key moves from C major to A minor the syllable do continues to point to the same note, again C, but when the key moves from C major to C minor the scale is transposed from do = C to do = E-flat. </p> <table style="margin:auto;" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Natural minor scale degree </th> <th>Movable do solfège syllable (La-based minor) </th> <th>Movable do solfège syllable (Do-based minor) </th></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey; background:#fff;"> <td>Lowered 1 </td> <td>Le (& Lo) </td> <td>( Ti ) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td><b>1</b> </td> <td><b>La</b> </td> <td><b>Do</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>Raised 1 </td> <td>Li </td> <td>Di </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 2px solid darkgrey;"> <td>Lowered 2 </td> <td>Te (& Ta) </td> <td>Ra </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b> </td> <td><b>Ti</b> </td> <td><b>Re</b> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey; background:#fff;"> <td><b>3</b> </td> <td><b>Do</b> </td> <td><b>Me (& Ma)</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>Raised 3 </td> <td>Di </td> <td>Mi </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 2px solid darkgrey;"> <td>Lowered 4 </td> <td>Ra </td> <td>( Mi ) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b> </td> <td><b>Re</b> </td> <td><b>Fa</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raised 4 </td> <td>Ri </td> <td>Fi </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey; background:#fff;"> <td>Lowered 5 </td> <td>Me (& Ma) </td> <td>Se </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td><b>5</b> </td> <td><b>Mi</b> </td> <td><b>Sol</b> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 2px solid darkgrey;"> <td><b>6</b> </td> <td><b>Fa</b> </td> <td><b>Le (& Lo)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raised 6 </td> <td>Fi </td> <td>La </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid darkgrey; background:#fff;"> <td>Lowered 7 </td> <td>Se </td> <td>( La ) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td><b>7</b> </td> <td><b>Sol</b> </td> <td><b>Te (& Ta)</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td>Raised 7 </td> <td>Si </td> <td>Ti </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixed_do_solfège"><span id="Fixed_do_solf.C3.A8ge"></span>Fixed do solfège</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fixed do solfège"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/French_keyboard.png/250px-French_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/French_keyboard.png 1.5x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>The names of the notes in Romance languages.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i>Fixed do</i>, each syllable always corresponds to the same pitch; when the music changes keys, each syllable continues to refer to the same sound (in the absolute sense) as it did before. This is analogous to the Romance-language system naming pitches after the solfège syllables, and is used in Romance and Slavic countries, among others, including Spanish-speaking countries. </p><p>From the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a>, the debate over the superiority of instrumental music versus singing led Italian voice teachers to use Guido’s syllables for vocal technique rather than pitch discrimination. Hence, specific syllables were associated with fixed pitches. When the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Conservatoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Conservatoire">Paris Conservatoire</a> was founded at the turn of the nineteenth century, its solfège textbooks adhered to the conventions of Italian solfeggio, solidifying the use of <i>Fixed doh</i> in Romance cultures<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the major <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> languages, the syllables Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, and Si are the ordinary names of the notes, in the same way that the letters C, D, E, F, G, A, and B are used to name notes in English. For native speakers of these languages, solfège is simply <i>singing the names of the notes</i>, omitting any modifiers such as "sharp" or "flat" to preserve the rhythm. This system is called <b>fixed do</b> and is used in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, Brazil, Spain, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, France, Italy, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, Latin American countries and in French-speaking Canada as well as countries such as <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> where non-Romance languages are spoken. In the United States, the fixed-do system is taught at many conservatories and schools of music including The <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a> in New York City, the <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtis Institute">Curtis Institute</a> of Music in Philadelphia, the <a href="/wiki/Eastman_School_of_Music" title="Eastman School of Music">Eastman School of Music</a> in Rochester, New York, the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory_of_Music" title="New England Conservatory of Music">New England Conservatory of Music</a> in Boston, Massachusetts, and the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Institute_of_Music" title="Cleveland Institute of Music">Cleveland Institute of Music</a> in Cleveland, Ohio. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.2em auto;text-align:center"> <caption>Traditional fixed do<sup id="cite_ref-Demorest_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demorest-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th colspan="2">Note name </th> <th rowspan="2">Syllable </th> <th colspan="2">Pronunciation </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_class" title="Pitch class">Pitch <br />class</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th><i>English</i></th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></i> </th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">Anglicized</a></i></th> <th><i>Italian</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="C♭ (musical note)">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Do<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3">do </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/doʊ/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dɔ/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/C_(musical_note)" title="C (musical note)">C</a></b></td> <td><b>Do</b></td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="C♯ (musical note)">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Do<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/D%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="D♭ (musical note)">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Re<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3">re </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɹeɪ/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/rɛ/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">1 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/D_(musical_note)" title="D (musical note)">D</a></b></td> <td><b>Re</b></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/D%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="D♯ (musical note)">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Re<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/E%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="E♭ (musical note)">E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Mi<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3">mi </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/miː/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/mi/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/E_(musical_note)" title="E (musical note)">E</a></b></td> <td><b>Mi</b></td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="E♯ (musical note)">E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Mi<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/F%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="F♭ (musical note)">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Fa<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3">fa </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/fɑː/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/fa/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/F_(musical_note)" title="F (musical note)">F</a></b></td> <td><b>Fa</b></td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/F%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="F♯ (musical note)">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Fa<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/G%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="G♭ (musical note)">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Sol<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3">sol </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/soʊl/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sɔl/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/G_(musical_note)" title="G (musical note)">G</a></b></td> <td><b>Sol</b></td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/G%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="G♯ (musical note)">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Sol<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/A%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="A♭ (musical note)">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">La<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3">la </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/lɑː/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/la/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">8 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/A_(musical_note)" title="A (musical note)">A</a></b></td> <td><b>La</b></td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/A%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="A♯ (musical note)">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>La<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><a href="/wiki/B%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="B♭ (musical note)">B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Si<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3">si </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/siː/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/si/</span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/B_(musical_note)" title="B (musical note)">B</a></b></td> <td><b>Si</b></td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="B♯ (musical note)">B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Si<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the fixed do system, shown above, accidentals do not affect the syllables used. For example, C, C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span>, and C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> (as well as <span class="nowrap">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span> and <span class="nowrap">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span>, not shown above) are all sung with the syllable "do". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chromatic_variants">Chromatic variants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chromatic variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several chromatic fixed-do systems have also been devised to account for <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromatic notes">chromatic notes</a>, and even for <a href="/wiki/Double-sharp" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-sharp">double-sharp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Double-flat" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-flat">double-flat</a> variants. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yehnian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yehnian (page does not exist)">Yehnian</a> system, being the first <a href="/w/index.php?title=24-EDO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="24-EDO (page does not exist)">24-EDO</a> (i.e., quarter tone) solfège system, proposed even quartertonal syllables. While having no exceptions to its rules, it supports both si and ti users. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Chromatic variants of fixed do </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th colspan="2">Note name </th> <th colspan="8">Syllable </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th><i>English</i></th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></i> </th> <th><i>Traditional</i><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Demorest_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demorest-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><i><span class="nowrap">5 sharps, </span><span class="nowrap">5 flats</span></i><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Demorest_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demorest-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><i>Hullah</i><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Hullah_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hullah-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><i>Shearer</i><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Shearer_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shearer-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><i>Siler</i><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Siler_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siler-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><i>Latoni</i><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Latoni_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Latoni-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><i>Yehnian (chromatic)</i> <p>(Si users / Ti users)<i><sup id="cite_ref-Yehnian_Solfège_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yehnian_Solfège-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> </th> <th><i>Pitch Class</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">Do<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="5">do </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">– </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">duf </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">daw </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">du </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Ka </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Dɚ </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="C♭ (musical note)">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a></td> <td>Do<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>du</td> <td>de</td> <td>do</td> <td>Ne</td> <td>Də</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/C_(musical_note)" title="C (musical note)">C</a></b></td> <td><b>Do</b> </td> <td>do</td> <td>do</td> <td>do</td> <td>da</td> <td>Bi</td> <td>Do</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="C♯ (musical note)">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Do<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>di</td> <td>da</td> <td>di</td> <td>de</td> <td>Ro</td> <td>Du</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap">Do<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>das</td> <td>dai</td> <td>di</td> <td>Tu</td> <td>Dü</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">Re<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="5">re </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">– </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">raf </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">raw </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">ru </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Be </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Rɚ </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">0 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/D%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="D♭ (musical note)">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a></td> <td>Re<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>ra</td> <td>ra</td> <td>ra</td> <td>ro</td> <td>Ri</td> <td>Rə</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/D_(musical_note)" title="D (musical note)">D</a></b></td> <td><b>Re</b> </td> <td>re</td> <td>re</td> <td>re</td> <td>ra</td> <td>To</td> <td>Re</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/D%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="D♯ (musical note)">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Re<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>ri</td> <td>ri</td> <td>ri</td> <td>re</td> <td>Mu</td> <td>Ru</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><span class="nowrap">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap">Re<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>ris</td> <td>rai</td> <td>ri</td> <td>Ga</td> <td>Rü</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">Mi<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="5">mi </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">– </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">mef </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">maw </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">mu </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Ti </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Mɚ </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="E♭ (musical note)">E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a></td> <td>Mi<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>me</td> <td>me</td> <td>me</td> <td>mo</td> <td>Mo</td> <td>Mə</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/E_(musical_note)" title="E (musical note)">E</a></b></td> <td><b>Mi</b> </td> <td>mi</td> <td>mi</td> <td>mi</td> <td>ma</td> <td>Gu</td> <td>Mi</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="E♯ (musical note)">E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Mi<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>mis</td> <td>mai</td> <td>me</td> <td>Sa</td> <td>Mu</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap">Mi<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>mish</td> <td>–</td> <td>mi</td> <td>Mü</td> <td>Mi</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">Fa<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="5">fa </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">– </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">fof </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">faw </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">fu </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Mi </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Fɚ </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">3 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/F%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="F♭ (musical note)">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a></td> <td>Fa<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>fo</td> <td>fe</td> <td>fo</td> <td>Go</td> <td>Fə</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/F_(musical_note)" title="F (musical note)">F</a></b></td> <td><b>Fa</b> </td> <td>fa</td> <td>fa</td> <td>fa</td> <td>fa</td> <td>Su</td> <td>Fa</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/F%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="F♯ (musical note)">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Fa<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>fi</td> <td>fe</td> <td>fi</td> <td>fe</td> <td>Pa</td> <td>Fu</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><span class="nowrap">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap">Fa<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>fes</td> <td>fai</td> <td>fi</td> <td>Le</td> <td>Fü</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">Sol<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="5">sol </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">– </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">sulf </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">saw </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">su </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">So </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Sɚl / Sɚ </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/G%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="G♭ (musical note)">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a></td> <td>Sol<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>se</td> <td>sul</td> <td>se</td> <td>so</td> <td>Pu</td> <td>Səl / Sə</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/G_(musical_note)" title="G (musical note)">G</a></b></td> <td><b>Sol</b> </td> <td>sol</td> <td>sol</td> <td>so</td> <td>sa</td> <td>La</td> <td>Sol</td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/G%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="G♯ (musical note)">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Sol<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>si</td> <td>sal</td> <td>si</td> <td>se</td> <td>De</td> <td>Sul / Su</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap">Sol<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>sals</td> <td>sai</td> <td>si</td> <td>Fi</td> <td>Sül / Sü</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">La<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="5">la </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">– </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">lof </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">law </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">lu </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Lu </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Lɚ </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">7 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/A%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="A♭ (musical note)">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a></td> <td>La<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>le</td> <td>lo</td> <td>le</td> <td>lo</td> <td>Da</td> <td>Lə</td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/A_(musical_note)" title="A (musical note)">A</a></b></td> <td><b>La</b> </td> <td>la</td> <td>la</td> <td>la</td> <td>la</td> <td>Fe</td> <td>La</td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><a href="/wiki/A%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" title="A♯ (musical note)">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>La<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>li</td> <td>le</td> <td>li</td> <td>le</td> <td>Lu</td> <td>La</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td><span class="nowrap">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap">La<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>les</td> <td>lai</td> <td>li</td> <td>No</td> <td>Lü</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px"><span class="nowrap">Si<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px" rowspan="5">si </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">– </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">sef </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">taw </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">tu </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Fa </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">Sɚ / Tɚ </td> <td style="border-top-width:2px">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E2%99%AD_(musical_note)" title="B♭ (musical note)">B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a></td> <td>Si<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> </td> <td>te</td> <td>se</td> <td>te</td> <td>to</td> <td>Ke</td> <td>Sə / Tə</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/B_(musical_note)" title="B (musical note)">B</a></b></td> <td><b>Si</b> </td> <td>ti</td> <td>si</td> <td>ti</td> <td>ta</td> <td>Ni</td> <td>Si / Ti</td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E2%99%AF_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="B♯ (musical note)">B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span></a></td> <td>Si<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>sis</td> <td>tai</td> <td>te</td> <td>Bo</td> <td>Su / Tu</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap">Si<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7" /></a></span></span></span> </td> <td>–</td> <td>sish</td> <td>–</td> <td>ti</td> <td>Ru</td> <td>Sü / Tü</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2"> <td colspan="13" style="border-top-width:2px"><i>A dash ("–") means that the source(s) did not specify a syllable.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note_names">Note names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Note names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the countries with fixed-do, these seven syllables (with "si" rather than "ti") – and not the letters C, D, E, F, G, A, and B – are used to name the notes of the C-Major scale. Here it would be said, for example, that Beethoven's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">Ninth Symphony</a> (in <a href="/wiki/D_minor" title="D minor">D minor</a>) is in "Re minor", and that its third movement (in <a href="/wiki/B-flat_major" title="B-flat major">B-flat major</a>) is in "Si-bemol major". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> countries, on the other hand, the notes have letter names that are mainly the same as those used in English (so that Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is said to be in "d-Moll"), and solfège syllables are encountered only in sight-singing and ear training. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The various possibilities to distinguish the notes acoustically, optically and by ways of speech and <a href="/wiki/Signed_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Signed language">signs</a>, made the solfège a possible <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabary</a> for an <a href="/wiki/International_Auxiliary_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="International Auxiliary Language">International Auxiliary Language</a> (IAL/LAI). This was, in the latter half of the 19th century, realised in the musical language <a href="/wiki/Solresol" title="Solresol">Solresol</a>.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music" title="The Sound of Music">The Sound of Music</a></i>, the song "<a href="/wiki/Do-Re-Mi" title="Do-Re-Mi">Do-Re-Mi</a>" is built around solfège. Maria sings it with the von Trapp children to teach them to sing the major scale.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs" title="Ernie Kovacs">Ernie Kovacs</a>' television show had a popular recurring sketch that became known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Nairobi_Trio" title="The Nairobi Trio">The Nairobi Trio</a>". The three characters wore long <a href="/wiki/Overcoat" title="Overcoat">overcoats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler hats</a>, and gorilla masks, and were performed by Ernie and two other rotating persons including uncredited stars such as <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a>, as well as Kovacs' wife, singer <a href="/wiki/Edie_Adams" title="Edie Adams">Edie Adams</a>. There was no dialog, the three pantomimed to the song Solfeggio by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Maxwell_(songwriter)" title="Robert Maxwell (songwriter)">Robert Maxwell</a> and the lyrics of the song were made up solely of the solfeggio syllables themselves. The sketch was so popular, that the song was re-released as "Song of the Nairobi Trio".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svara" title="Svara">Sargam</a> – Note in the octave (Indian classical music)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_signature_names_and_translations" title="Key signature names and translations">Key signature names and translations</a> – Translation of musical keys</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_musical_notation" title="Numbered musical notation">Numbered musical notation</a> – Musical notation system used in Asia since the 19th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocable" title="Vocable">Vocable</a> – Meaningful sound uttered by people</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oed-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> 2nd Ed. (1998) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mw-solfeggio-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mw-solfeggio_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solfeggio">"Solfeggio"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</i>. Merriam-Webster Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Solfeggio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsolfeggio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mw-solfege-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mw-solfege_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solfege">"Solfège"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</i>. Merriam-Webster Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Solf%C3%A8ge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsolfege&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mw-solmization-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mw-solmization_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solmization">"Solmization"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</i>. Merriam-Webster Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Solmization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsolmization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mw-sol-fa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mw-sol-fa_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sol-fa">"Sol-fa"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</i>. Merriam-Webster Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Sol-fa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsol-fa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davies_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies, Norman (1997), <i>Europe</i>, pp. 271–272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McNaught-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McNaught_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McNaught_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNaught1893" class="citation journal cs1">McNaught, W. G. (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nNYPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA35">"The History and Uses of the Sol-fa Syllables"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Musical Association</i>. <b>19</b>. London: Novello, Ewer and Co.: 35–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjrma%2F19.1.35">10.1093/jrma/19.1.35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0958-8442">0958-8442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Musical+Association&rft.atitle=The+History+and+Uses+of+the+Sol-fa+Syllables&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=35-51&rft.date=1893&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjrma%2F19.1.35&rft.issn=0958-8442&rft.aulast=McNaught&rft.aufirst=W.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnNYPAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Thesaurus Linguarum Orientalum</i> (1680) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61900507">61900507</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Essai sur la Musique Ancienne et Moderne</i> (1780) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61970141">61970141</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Farmer" title="Henry George Farmer">Farmer, Henry George</a> (1988). <i>Historical facts for the Arabian Musical Influence</i>. Ayer Publishing. pp. 72–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-08496-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-08496-X"><bdi>0-405-08496-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220811631">220811631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+facts+for+the+Arabian+Musical+Influence&rft.pages=72-82&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220811631&rft.isbn=0-405-08496-X&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Henry+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1973" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Samuel D. (Autumn 1973). "Guido d'Arezzo: Medieval Musician and Educator". <i>Journal of Research in Music Education</i>. <b>21</b> (3). MENC_ The National Association for Music Education: 239–245. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3345093">10.2307/3345093</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3345093">3345093</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143833782">143833782</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+in+Music+Education&rft.atitle=Guido+d%27Arezzo%3A+Medieval+Musician+and+Educator&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=239-245&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143833782%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3345093%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3345093&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Samuel+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller 1973, p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teaching-children-music.com/2012/10/movable-do-vs-fixed-do/">"Movable "Do" vs Fixed "Do"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Teaching Children Music</i>. 2 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Teaching+Children+Music&rft.atitle=Movable+%22Do%22+vs+Fixed+%22Do%22&rft.date=2012-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teaching-children-music.com%2F2012%2F10%2Fmovable-do-vs-fixed-do%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2024" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, Andrew (2 October 2024). "Identity, Relationships, and Function in Higher Music Education: Applying an Analogy from Ear Training to Student Wellbeing". <i>International Journal of Music, Health, and Wellbeing</i>. <b>2024</b> (Autumn): 4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.13882200">10.5281/zenodo.13882200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Music%2C+Health%2C+and+Wellbeing&rft.atitle=Identity%2C+Relationships%2C+and+Function+in+Higher+Music+Education%3A+Applying+an+Analogy+from+Ear+Training+to+Student+Wellbeing&rft.volume=2024&rft.issue=Autumn&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2024-10-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.13882200&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Demorest-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Demorest_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Demorest_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Demorest_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemorest2001" class="citation book cs1">Demorest, Steven M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8zAIcx-t2koC&pg=PA46"><i>Building Choral Excellence: Teaching Sight-Singing in the Choral Rehearsal</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512462-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512462-0"><bdi>978-0-19-512462-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+Choral+Excellence%3A+Teaching+Sight-Singing+in+the+Choral+Rehearsal&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512462-0&rft.aulast=Demorest&rft.aufirst=Steven+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8zAIcx-t2koC%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjaminHorvitNelson2005" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin, Thomas; Horvit, Michael; Nelson, Robert (2005). <i>Music for Sight Singing</i> (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thompson Schirmer. pp. x–xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-534-62802-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-534-62802-4"><bdi>978-0-534-62802-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+for+Sight+Singing&rft.place=Belmont%2C+CA&rft.pages=x-xi&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Thompson+Schirmer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-534-62802-4&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Horvit%2C+Michael&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2002" class="citation book cs1">White, John D. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eGZRT6WYQDQC&pg=PA34"><i>Guidelines for College Teaching of Music Theory</i></a> (2nd ed.). Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4129-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4129-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-4129-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+for+College+Teaching+of+Music+Theory&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pages=34&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-4129-1&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeGZRT6WYQDQC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hullah-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hullah_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHullah1880" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Pyke_Hullah" title="John Pyke Hullah">Hullah, John</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hullahsmethodte00hullgoog"><i>Hullah's Method of Teaching Singing</i></a> (2nd ed.). London: Longmans, Green and Co. pp. xi–xv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86314-042-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86314-042-4"><bdi>0-86314-042-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hullah%27s+Method+of+Teaching+Singing&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xi-xv&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Co.&rft.date=1880&rft.isbn=0-86314-042-4&rft.aulast=Hullah&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhullahsmethodte00hullgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shearer-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shearer_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShearer1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Shearer" title="Aaron Shearer">Shearer, Aaron</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gzI7056gnZ4C&pg=PA209"><i>Learning the Classical Guitar, Part 2: Reading and Memorizing Music</i></a>. Pacific, MO: Mel Bay. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87166-855-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87166-855-4"><bdi>978-0-87166-855-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+the+Classical+Guitar%2C+Part+2%3A+Reading+and+Memorizing+Music&rft.place=Pacific%2C+MO&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Mel+Bay&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87166-855-4&rft.aulast=Shearer&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgzI7056gnZ4C%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siler-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siler_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiler1956" class="citation journal cs1">Siler, H. (1956). "Toward an International Solfeggio". <i>Journal of Research in Music Education</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 40–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3343838">10.2307/3343838</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3343838">3343838</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146618023">146618023</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+in+Music+Education&rft.atitle=Toward+an+International+Solfeggio&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=40-43&rft.date=1956&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146618023%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3343838%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3343838&rft.aulast=Siler&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Latoni-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Latoni_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarl_Eitz1891" class="citation book cs1">Carl Eitz (1891). <i>Das mathematisch-reine Tonsystem</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+mathematisch-reine+Tonsystem&rft.date=1891&rft.au=Carl+Eitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yehnian_Solfège-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yehnian_Solfège_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeh2021" class="citation web cs1">Yeh, Huai-Jan (12 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://renoyeh.wixsite.com/notes/post/yehnian-solf%C3%A8ge-solfeggio-yehniano-%E8%91%89%E6%B0%8F%E5%94%B1%E5%90%8D">"Yehnian Solfège / 葉氏唱名 / Solfeggio Yehniano"</a>. <i>Reno's Music Notes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>. <q>... The Yehnian Solfège is an intuitive, easily adoptable, and professionally capable quartertonal solfège system ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reno%27s+Music+Notes&rft.atitle=Yehnian+Solf%C3%A8ge+%2F+%E8%91%89%E6%B0%8F%E5%94%B1%E5%90%8D+%2F+Solfeggio+Yehniano&rft.date=2021-02-12&rft.aulast=Yeh&rft.aufirst=Huai-Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frenoyeh.wixsite.com%2Fnotes%2Fpost%2Fyehnian-solf%25C3%25A8ge-solfeggio-yehniano-%25E8%2591%2589%25E6%25B0%258F%25E5%2594%25B1%25E5%2590%258D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolf%C3%A8ge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%A8ge&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External 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media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solfege" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Solfege">Solfege</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solf%C3%A8ge" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:solfège">solfège</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neilhawes.com/sstheory/theory22.htm">History of Notation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dolmetsch.com/musictheory1.htm#francobelgic">Music theory online: staffs, clefs & pitch notation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/software/solfege/">GNU Solfège, a free software program to study solfeggio</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/sight/sight.html">Eyes and Ears, an anthology of melodies for practicing sight-singing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thesightreadingproject.com/">An interactive database of sight-reading materials</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativelab.org.ua/eng/index_eng.htm">Colours are sounds: How to See the Music</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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