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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Winter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stalingrad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalingrad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Stalingrad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stalingrad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Bernhardt_Line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Bernhardt_Line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>The Bernhardt Line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Bernhardt_Line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cassino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cassino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Cassino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cassino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-German_dispositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_dispositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.1</span> <span>German dispositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_dispositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_French_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_French_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.2</span> <span>The French attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_French_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_34_US_Division_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_34_US_Division_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.3</span> <span>The 34 US Division attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_34_US_Division_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>War crimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_and_Area_of_Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_and_Area_of_Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Service and Area of Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_and_Area_of_Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strength_and_losses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strength_and_losses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Strength and losses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strength_and_losses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commanding_officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commanding_officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commanding officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commanding_officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sub_Units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sub_Units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sub Units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub_Units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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Infanterie-Division (Wehrmacht)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/44.%C2%AA_Divisi%C3%B3n_de_Granaderos_(Alemania)" title="44.ª División de Granaderos (Alemania) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="44.ª División de Granaderos (Alemania)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/44e_division_d%27infanterie_(Allemagne)" title="44e division d'infanterie (Allemagne) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="44e division d'infanterie (Allemagne)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/44._Infanterie-Division" title="44. Infanterie-Division – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="44. Infanterie-Division" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94-44_(%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%98)" title="הדיוויזיה ה-44 (ורמאכט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הדיוויזיה ה-44 (ורמאכט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/44_Dywizja_Piechoty_(III_Rzesza)" title="44 Dywizja Piechoty (III Rzesza) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="44 Dywizja Piechoty (III Rzesza)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/44.%C2%AA_Divis%C3%A3o_de_Infantaria_(Alemanha)" title="44.ª Divisão de Infantaria (Alemanha) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="44.ª Divisão de Infantaria (Alemanha)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/44-%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82)" title="44-я пехотная дивизия (вермахт) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="44-я пехотная дивизия (вермахт)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/44._%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="44. гренадирска дивизија (Немачка) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="44. гренадирска дивизија (Немачка)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/44-%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85)" title="44-та піхотна дивізія (Третій Рейх) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="44-та піхотна дивізія (Третій Рейх)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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Infanterie-Division</i><br /><i>Reichsgrenadier-Division <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="Grand Master of the Teutonic Order">Hoch- und Deutschmeister</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:44th_Infanterie_Division_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/44th_Infanterie_Division_Logo.svg/109px-44th_Infanterie_Division_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/44th_Infanterie_Division_Logo.svg/164px-44th_Infanterie_Division_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/44th_Infanterie_Division_Logo.svg/218px-44th_Infanterie_Division_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="149" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht),_1943%E2%80%931945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division_%28Wehrmacht%29%2C_1943%E2%80%931945.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division_%28Wehrmacht%29%2C_1943%E2%80%931945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division_%28Wehrmacht%29%2C_1943%E2%80%931945.svg/150px-Emblem_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division_%28Wehrmacht%29%2C_1943%E2%80%931945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Emblem_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division_%28Wehrmacht%29%2C_1943%E2%80%931945.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division_%28Wehrmacht%29%2C_1943%E2%80%931945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="610" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1938–1943 <span class="nowrap">     </span>&<span class="nowrap">     </span> 1943–1945</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1938 – 8 May 1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">German Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Für Führer und Vaterland"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Poland 1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">France 1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Second Battle of Kharkov">Second Battle of Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Summer Offensive 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Achse" title="Operation Achse">Operation Achse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Operation Spring Awakening</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Schubert" title="Albrecht Schubert">Albrecht Schubert</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Franz_Beyer_(general)" title="Franz Beyer (general)">Franz Beyer</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Regimental standard</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:44th_Infantry_Divisions%27s_Standard_(Wehrmacht).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/44th_Infantry_Divisions%27s_Standard_%28Wehrmacht%29.png/150px-44th_Infantry_Divisions%27s_Standard_%28Wehrmacht%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/44th_Infantry_Divisions%27s_Standard_%28Wehrmacht%29.png/225px-44th_Infantry_Divisions%27s_Standard_%28Wehrmacht%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/44th_Infantry_Divisions%27s_Standard_%28Wehrmacht%29.png/300px-44th_Infantry_Divisions%27s_Standard_%28Wehrmacht%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1431" data-file-height="2047" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>44th Infantry Division</b> was formed on 1 April 1938 in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, about two weeks after the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. It first saw combat at the start of the war in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a>, and also took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> in 1940. After a 9-month period of coastal defence the division was transferred East. On 22 June 1941, the division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">invasion of the Soviet Union</a>, attached to Army Group South. It remained in the east after the failure of "Operation Barbarossa", taking part in defensive actions for the winter against the Soviet Army offensives near <a href="/wiki/Izium" title="Izium">Izum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkov</a>. Refurbished, the division participated in the German summer offensive, and was subsequently destroyed with the <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Army (Wehrmacht)">6th Army</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> in January 1943. </p><p>The division was rebuilt as <b>Reichsgrenadier-Division <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="Grand Master of the Teutonic Order">Hoch- und Deutschmeister</a></b> in Belgium when Hitler ordered the Stalingrad divisions should be reconstructed. By the summer of 1943 it was back up to strength and sent to fight in Italy, where it was heavily engaged at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>. It withdrew up the Italian peninsula during 1944 and briefly clashed with American forces attacking the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic line">Gothic line</a>. Withdrawn to refit, it was instead sent to oppose the Soviet breakthrough in Hungary. The division joined the efforts to recapture <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a> with the <a href="/wiki/6th_SS_Panzer_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="6th SS Panzer Army">6th SS Panzer Army</a>, and was subsequently nearly destroyed near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balaton" title="Lake Balaton">Lake Balaton</a>. The remnants of the division retreated into Austria, until the final days of the war, when it marched west and surrendered to the American forces near <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The unit was established on 1 April 1938 shortly after the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> from elements of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Federal_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Federal Army">Austrian Army</a>. </p><p>The organization followed the typical structure of a pre-war infantry division, with 3 infantry regiments of 3 battalions each, an artillery regiment of 3 battalions, and antitank, reconnaissance, pioneer, signals battalions and division services. The usual establishment called for around 15.000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1940 the Feldersatz Battalion was detached and became the 3rd battalion, 443rd infantry regiment, <a href="/wiki/164th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="164th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">164th infantry division</a>, part of the 7th Wave of 14 divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German Army continued to expand, in February 1940 the 10 divisions of the 8th wave were created. The 44th gave up 2nd battalion 143 Infantry Regiment which became 1st battalion 523rd Infantry Regiment, <a href="/wiki/297th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="297th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">297 Infantry Division</a>. The battalion was replaced. </p><p>In September 1940, one third of the division was detached to form the <a href="/wiki/137th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="137th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">137th Infantry Division</a>. The German Army formed new divisions by detaching one-third of two existing divisions, then raising the remaining parts from new recruits. In this manner only one-third of the two old and one newly created divisions were new recruits. </p><p>Like all the divisions lost in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>, it was reformed using other formations and usually a cadre of specialists who had been evacuated by air before the 6th Army's surrender. On 17 February 1943, the division was reformed with the 887th and 888th Grenadier Regiments in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. On 1 June 1943, the 134th Grenadier Regiment was added, and the division renamed <b>Reichsgrenadier-Division Hoch- und Deutschmeister</b>, along with the 80th Panzerjager, 46th Pioneer, 64th Signals, and 44th Divisional support units. </p><p>From August to November 1943, schwere Panzer-Kompanie/Tigergruppe Meyer, equipped with eight Tiger I tanks,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was attached to the division for the disarmament of Italian formations in northern Italy. After a brief rest it was transferred to Hungary and fought the Red Army while retreating into Austria. It managed to avoid capture by the Red Army and surrendered to US forces at Hohenfurth on 10 May 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Combat_history">Combat history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Combat history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late August 1939 the 44th Infantry Division was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>, previously part of Czechoslovakia, assembled opposite the Polish border and attached to XVII Corps, a component of <a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="14th Army (Wehrmacht)">14th Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44Pol_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44Pol-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine days later, in the early hours of 1 September 1939, after a short artillery preparation, infantry waded the <a href="/wiki/Olza_(river)" title="Olza (river)">Olsa River</a> into Polish territory. Soon the first prisoners were taken and the first casualties suffered.<sup id="cite_ref-44Pol_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44Pol-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Second World War in Europe, which, for the 44th Infantry Division would last from its first day in September 1939, to its last in May 1945, had started. </p><p>The ethnic Germans, <a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a>, in the border regions greeted the invading troops with some enthusiasm,<sup id="cite_ref-44Pol_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44Pol-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with gifts of milk and fruit which were picked up by the soldiers along the roadside.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 14th Army pushed its forces rapidly towards <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> and Tarnow against light resistance from the Polish '<a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Army" title="Kraków Army">Army of Kraków</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 6 September the division entered Kraków and captured undamaged bridges across the Weichsel.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division continued its advance, crossing the San River and pushing into eastern Poland towards <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a> (Lemburg). The last Polish troops surrendered on 6 October 1939. </p><p>The territory in eastern Poland, as had already been agreed between Hitler and Stalin, in a secret annex to the German Soviet Non Aggression Pact, would fall under the Soviet sphere of interest,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so the 44th Division was withdrawn across the demarcation line and deployed along the River San. The 44th Infantry Division had lost 121 killed, 270 wounded and 44 missing; it took 300 officers and 25,000 men as prisoners and marched 540 km, in the campaign against Poland a daily average of 29 km.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the end of the Polish campaign, the division returned to its home station until it was moved to central Germany as OKH reserve, and finally shifted west for the start of the Campaign against France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_1940">France 1940</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: France 1940"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1940, at the start of the German attack on <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>, the 44th Infantry Division was in <a href="/wiki/OKH" class="mw-redirect" title="OKH">OKH</a> reserve near <a href="/wiki/Hameln" class="mw-redirect" title="Hameln">Hameln</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assigned to 6th Army on 15 May, it moved forward behind the main spearheads, and eventually on 29 May was inserted into a defensive sector on the Somme near <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ronne,_Somme" title="Péronne, Somme">Péronne</a>, protecting the southern flank of the German breakthrough. Here it remained as the Allied armies fell back to <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk and evacuated</a>. </p><p>Realigning their forces to the south, the German High Command instigated <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France#Fall_Rot" title="Battle of France">plan red (Fall Rot)</a>, the attack into France. As part of 6th Army, the 44th Infantry Division would attack south out of its bridgehead across the Somme and strike the French forces manning the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weygand_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weygand line (page does not exist)">Weygand line</a>. Striking in the early morning hours of 5 June, the infantry attack swept forward, infiltrating between the French fortified villages, but faltered as the open ground offered little in the way of concealment from enemy observation. By the afternoon, their forces were suffering from accurate French artillery bombardments, mortar and machine gun fire, directed from the French positions. One battalion, the I/134, overextended itself trying to outflank the village of <a href="/wiki/Foucaucourt-en-Santerre" title="Foucaucourt-en-Santerre">Foucaucourt</a> and became cut off, and Captain Hartmann, the commanding officer surrendered along with 216 men. </p><p>The robust defence of 5 June by the French 19th Division and the <a href="/wiki/7th_North_African_Infantry_Division" title="7th North African Infantry Division">7th North African division</a> forced <i>Generalleutnant</i> Schubert, the 44th Division commander, to withdraw his attacking units in the evening. In Schubert's discussion with the XXXX Corps commander, General <a href="/wiki/Georg_Stumme" title="Georg Stumme">Stumme</a>, additional artillery support was organised for the following day and it was agreed that the fortified villages would have to be stormed and taken before the division could continue its advance. </p><p>On the second day of attack, the 132 Infantry Regiment managed to take the village of <a href="/wiki/Chuignolles" title="Chuignolles">Chuignolles</a> and the surrounding area, and for which the battalion commander of III / 132, <i>Oberstleutnant</i> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Eibl" title="Karl Eibl">Karl Eibl</a> was awarded the Knights Cross.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But French resistance remained fierce, beating back the division's further assaults. The situation was about to change in the attackers' favour. On its left flank, the French line had been penetrated by tanks of 3rd and 4th Panzer divisions. The <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Army (France)">French 7th Army</a> was left with no alternative but to withdraw, which they did by the morning of 7 June. The division now pushed forwards, occasionally clashing with enemy forces, but noting increasing signs of French disintegration. </p><p>Deciding that Paris could not be defended, the French government declared it an open city and withdrew their forces behind the Seine. By 14 June the 44th Division was already approaching the river. Once across the Seine the division's advance accelerated, pushing south until it arrived in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> by the declaration of the French surrender. The 44th Infantry Division suffered 1,730 casualties in battle of France.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by coastal protection duties in La Rochelle area until the end of March 1941. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasion_of_the_Soviet_Union">Invasion of the Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Invasion of the Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Barbarossa">Barbarossa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Barbarossa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The division was part of the initial attack forces in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_South" title="Army Group South">Army Group South</a>. On 22 June 1941, the division crossed the river Bug in rubber boats and ferries and created a 5-mile bridgehead.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overcoming resistance at the border the division marched eastward behind the more rapid mobile units of 1st Panzer Group. The division took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brody_(1941)" title="Battle of Brody (1941)">Battle of Brody</a>, engaging the Soviet 34th Tank division, part of the Soviet <a href="/wiki/8th_Mechanized_Corps_(Soviet_Union)" title="8th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)">8th Mechanized Corps</a>, in the flank.<sup id="cite_ref-tIPoW_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tIPoW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next 3 days the division helped hem in the Soviet armour, the 131st Regiment's heavy infantry gun company knocking out at least 1 52 ton KV II,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until the remnants of the encircled Soviet forces fought their way out to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-tIPoW_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tIPoW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Soviet Army counter-attacks receded, and the mechanised Corps withdrew where they could to regroup, their tank forces seriously diminished.<sup id="cite_ref-tIPoW_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tIPoW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the action had delayed 1st Panzer Group units and the 44th, 111th and 299th divisions would be stalled for several days greatly hampering the follow-up of infantry behind III Panzer Corps advance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>III Panzer Corps had meanwhile struck out towards Kiev driving a 40 km wide wedge between the Soviet 6th and 5th Armies. <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kirponos" title="Mikhail Kirponos">Mikhail Kirponos</a>, commander of the Southwestern Front, ordered both armies to counterattack and close the gap. The 5th Army in the north had the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Pinsk_Marshes" title="Pinsk Marshes">Pripet marshes</a> to its rear and still had 3 Mechanised Corps under command. Using these it moved southward cutting the supply road behind the panzer spearheads. The 44th Infantry was ordered to help clear the road and on 14 July it clashed with <a href="/wiki/9th_Mechanized_Corps_(Soviet_Union)" title="9th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)">9th Mechanized Corps</a> on the Zhitomir road. The Soviet Army units, which had inflicted considerable damage on the Germans<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were forced gradually back towards the north-east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kiev">Kiev</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kiev"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soviet forces had been working on the <a href="/wiki/Kiev_fortified_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev fortified area">defences in front of Kiev</a> since the German invasion began, and mobilised an additional 50,000 citizens to dig anti-tank ditches. Their fortified zone was well outside the city and stretched for 80 km, and consisted of a series of bunkers, obstacles and ditches, backed up by fortress machine gun battalions. German Armour reached the outer zone but, not wanting to get embroiled in fighting for fixed positions, waited for the arrival of the infantry of <a href="/wiki/XXIX_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="XXIX Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">XXIX Corps</a>. The infantry, well behind the Panzer divisions, and having to fend off Soviet counterattacks on the way, struggled to catch up but by the close of July XXIX Corps had assembled 5 infantry divisions and was ready for an attack on the city of Kiev. </p><p>Launched on 1 August, the two central divisions of the Corps smashed through the fortified bunker zone and in 7 days of fighting against determined Soviet resistance, reached the suburbs of the city. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiur_dot204.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kiur_dot204.jpg/220px-Kiur_dot204.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kiur_dot204.jpg/330px-Kiur_dot204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kiur_dot204.jpg/440px-Kiur_dot204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4536" data-file-height="2228" /></a><figcaption>Soviet bunker in the 44th Division sector</figcaption></figure> <p>The 44th Infantry Division providing flanking support on the right, only got as far as the outer bunkers before being hit by counterattacks from the 175th Rifle Division. The Soviet Army command threw in militia battalions and airborne troops and forced the German center back. By 11 August, XXIX Corps' attack had run out of steam with both sides suffering heavy losses. 44th Infantry was withdrawn and assigned a sector north of Kiev, where late in the month it conducted probing attacks against Soviet positions along the river Irpen, but without success.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Walther_von_Reichenau" class="mw-redirect" title="Walther von Reichenau">Von Reichenau</a>, 6th Army commander, struggled to deal with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_5th_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet 5th Army">Soviet 5th Army</a> on his northern flank for much of July and August and it was only with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/9th_Panzer_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Panzer Division">9th Panzer Division</a>, loaned from <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ludwig_Ewald_von_Kleist" title="Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist">von Kleist's</a> <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Group_1#1st_Panzer_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer Group 1">Panzer Group 1</a>, that he finally managed to pick up momentum, and push through to the Dnieper north of Kiev, where he formed a bridgehead.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The river, a considerable obstacle at this point at over 900m,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was spanned by army engineers with a <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">pontoon bridge</a> and 6th Army began filtering infantry forces across to the eastern bank, where they could threaten Soviet forces east of Kyiv and eventually link up with 2nd Army units coming from the north. </p><p>Meanwhile, far to the east, tanks of 1st and 2nd Panzer groups met, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">forming a huge cauldron</a> and encircling elements of 5 Soviet Armies. The German command needed to break up the pocket as quickly as possible and trap and destroy the Soviet Armies inside it. The 44th Infantry Division was ordered to leave the siege lines outside of Kiev and cross the Dnieper by the pontoon bridge, from where it went forward to block Soviet forces fleeing eastward trying to escape the German trap. In the last days of September the fighting in the cauldron concluded, and the division resumed its advance eastwards, hindered more by the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Rasputitsa" title="Rasputitsa">autumn rains</a>, which turned the roads to mud, than Soviet resistance. By November the division arrived in the area of Achtyrka, west of Kharkov<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it went into the Army Group reserve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Winter">Winter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Winter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the winter of 1941/1942 the division was assigned a defensive sector south of Kharkov, still under command of the 6th Army, on the Army boundary with 17th Army to the south. </p><p>By January, 1942 Stalin wanted to capitalise on the success of the counter offensives around Moscow, and expanded the scope of the Soviet winter operations to include northern and southern sectors of the front.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of this effort Southwestern and Southern Fronts conducted the <a href="/wiki/Barvinkove-Losowaja_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Barvinkove-Losowaja Operation">Barvinkove-Losowaja Operation</a> with 6, 57 & 38 Armies. German defences in the sector along the Dornets river, west of Izyum, consisted of disconnected strong points rather than a continuous line. </p><p>The attack commenced on 18 January, hit a weak section of the German line along the Dornets river, west of Izyum, and ripped away German defences along a 60-mile front.<sup id="cite_ref-MtS_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MtS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a week the Soviets had driven 100 km into the German line, and now as well as its eastern front, the 44th division positioned on the northern edge of the breakthrough with its southern flank along the frozen Donets wide open, except for some hastily assembled reserves rushed to the area by 6th Army.<sup id="cite_ref-MtS_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MtS-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 44th bent its right flank back, basing its defence on a string of small communities readied for all round defence, most notably Balakleja. The Soviet command, eager to expand its success, ordered the 38th Soviet Army to attack, and it launched a series of furious frontal assaults attempting to dislodge the German defenders. </p><p>Unable to dislodge the 44th Divisions defences, the Soviet 38th Army regrouped and tried again in March, but with much the same result. The stubborn defence of the 44 Division contributed greatly to the 6 Army's ability to stabilise the situation and a grateful German command awarded both 131 and 134 Regimental commanders the Knights Cross<sup id="cite_ref-Dettmer,_Jaus_p_83_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dettmer,_Jaus_p_83-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division's exploits were reported back to Berlin when a newspaper article reported that between 16 January and 7 February the division had repulsed 142 separate Russian attacks, claiming 6600 dead in front of their positions, 1300 prisoners and the capture or destruction of 27 tanks, 14 guns and much other equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-Dettmer,_Jaus_p_83_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dettmer,_Jaus_p_83-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Operation Blue", the summer offensive, began on 28 June with the attack of 4th Panzer Army but the start of 6th Army was delayed for several days by heavy rain which turned the roads into quagmires. Finally starting on the last day of June, the infantry, achieved success and penetrated 20 miles into Soviet defences on the first day.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The armoured divisions, in spite of sporadic fuel shortages forged ahead leaving the infantry to follow. In 18 days the division covered over 300 miles. Dust hung in the summer heat as columns of infantry and their mostly horse drawn guns and supplies laboured eastward across the open Steppe and through vast fields of sunflowers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 6th Army drive, lacking in armour, was slowing and Russian resistance increasing when 44th Division came up hard against Soviet 62nd Army defences in the great bend of the Don. </p><p>Finally getting spearheads along the Don from the north and the south, parts of the 62nd Army were trapped near Kalash. 44th Division, holding what was now the western side of a pocket, pushed inwards and in four days helped round up the surrounded Soviets giving 6th Army a victory and netting 50.000 prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(This number is incorrect since only about 28.000 Soviet soldiers were caught in the trap.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Stalingrad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stalingrad_-_Preparations_for_Operation_Uranus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stalingrad_-_Preparations_for_Operation_Uranus.png/220px-Stalingrad_-_Preparations_for_Operation_Uranus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stalingrad_-_Preparations_for_Operation_Uranus.png/330px-Stalingrad_-_Preparations_for_Operation_Uranus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stalingrad_-_Preparations_for_Operation_Uranus.png/440px-Stalingrad_-_Preparations_for_Operation_Uranus.png 2x" data-file-width="4321" data-file-height="2660" /></a><figcaption>Stalingrad – Preparations for Operation Uranus</figcaption></figure> <p>By September 1942 the division took up defensive positions on the high banks of the Don, protecting the long left flank of the 6th Army in Stalingrad.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 November the Soviet Army opened <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uranus" title="Operation Uranus">Operation Uranus</a> against Romanian forces to the north. Manoilin, one of the supply bases for the division had already been attacked by Soviet armour units.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An attack against this sector had not been totally unexpected by the German command, and the previous day the 6th Army authorised the 44 Infantry to release the 132 Infantry Regiment from its defensive positions along the bluffs overlooking the Don, for commitment elsewhere. The regiment was already short of men, so it dissolved one battalion (III/132) and distributed its men to the other two.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The regiment was issued movement orders to secure Verkhne-Buzinovka, 25 miles behind the Division's front line, and arrived there to find Soviet Army forces threatening weak German Army units in the area. Outflanked by Soviet units which captured Kalash on the 4th day of Operation Uranus, the division abandoned its former defensive positions and began to retreat across the steppe to the 6th Army in and around Stalingrad. Its movements were hampered by a 'catastrophic' fuel situation and the decision by 6th Army to move many of the division's horses to the west out of the combat zone.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 November it crossed the Don at Luchinsky, where engineers blew up the army bridge behind it, and two days later the 44th Division reached its place in the new perimeter of around Stalingrad.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet Red Army forces were quick to test the defences, mounting infantry attacks supported by armoured groups of up to 60 tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 December the main line of resistance was over-run in an attack forcing 6th Army to commit its remaining reserves. A battle group from <a href="/wiki/384th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="384th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">384 Infantry Division</a>, 12 tanks from <a href="/wiki/16th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="16th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">16 Panzer Division</a> and some assault artillery managed to restore the old positions the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Probing attacks continued through the month and the failure of the air transports into the German pocket meant that shortages were now beginning to be really felt. The artillery was limited to 5 shots per day and the bread ration was cut to 200g per day, then to 100 and finally on 26 December to 50 grammes.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combat strength of the infantry battalions were rapidly sinking: combat, persistent harassing mortar and artillery fire, and also cold and illness were taking their toll. To keep up numbers, artillerymen and even construction workers, as well as soldiers from disbanded units and Romanians, were turned into infantrymen.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the fighting continued through December and into January an increasing number of support personnel were used in the front line. By 2 January all the horse meat had been eaten and the physical condition of the troops was rapidly deteriorating while replacements combed from the service units were found to be willing but lacking in basic infantry training.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ju_52_approaching_Stalingrad_late_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ju_52_approaching_Stalingrad_late_1942.jpg/220px-Ju_52_approaching_Stalingrad_late_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ju_52_approaching_Stalingrad_late_1942.jpg/330px-Ju_52_approaching_Stalingrad_late_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ju_52_approaching_Stalingrad_late_1942.jpg/440px-Ju_52_approaching_Stalingrad_late_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>Ju 52 approaching <a href="/wiki/Pitomnik_Airfield" title="Pitomnik Airfield">Pitomnik Airfield</a> in Stalingrad. The 44th Infantry Division defended the approaches in January 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>On 10 January 1943 the Red Army unleashed their <a href="/wiki/Operation_Koltso" title="Operation Koltso">attack on the pocket</a>, the 65th and 21st armies overwhelmed the 44th divisional defenses on the first day. By 12 January the western protuberance of the pocket, the karpovka nose, was eliminated, and groups of German units had to retreat. The remnants of the division were pushed back into Stalingrad. Now only a single gun was left to the divisional artillery, and the infantry regiments formed battle groups with their few remaining men mixed with a variety of other combat and service troops, and equipped with only rifles and a few light machine guns. All the other heavy weapons had been abandoned in the retreat, or had no ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 January General Deboi, the divisional commander, joined the 131 Battle Group to 'be with the infantry' at the end.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, with no more food or ammunition, resistance ended, the surviving officers joined their last troops in surrender, and the 44 Infantry Division ceased to exist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 July 1943 Mussolini was removed from Office by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_III_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel III of Italy">King Victor Emmanuel</a> and replaced as prime minister by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Marshal Badoglio</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Badoglio publicly declared a continuation of the war and the pact with Germany Hitler immediately suspected that he would seek to make peace with the Allies. The German military forces in Italy remained weak, most combat capable combat units were fighting in Sicily, with very little on the mainland, capable of dealing with a swift Italian defection.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J15358,_Bozen,_entwaffneten_Badoglio-Einheiten_marschieren_durch_die_Stadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J15358%2C_Bozen%2C_entwaffneten_Badoglio-Einheiten_marschieren_durch_die_Stadt.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J15358%2C_Bozen%2C_entwaffneten_Badoglio-Einheiten_marschieren_durch_die_Stadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J15358%2C_Bozen%2C_entwaffneten_Badoglio-Einheiten_marschieren_durch_die_Stadt.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J15358%2C_Bozen%2C_entwaffneten_Badoglio-Einheiten_marschieren_durch_die_Stadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J15358%2C_Bozen%2C_entwaffneten_Badoglio-Einheiten_marschieren_durch_die_Stadt.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J15358%2C_Bozen%2C_entwaffneten_Badoglio-Einheiten_marschieren_durch_die_Stadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption> Captured Italian soldiers parade through <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hitler recalled Rommel to Berlin and ordered him to take on the problem of securing German interests in Northern Italy and to use his newly set up Army Group B headquarters to control the new forces that would soon be moved into the area.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orders for these troop movements soon began to be issued, but to get the troops into the theatre, first the vital communications route through the mountains had to be secured. On 26 July, Field Marshal von Rundstedt, at OB West Headquarters was ordered to move 2 divisions immediately to secure the Alpine passes, the 305th went towards Nice and the 44th towards the Brenner pass.<sup id="cite_ref-SatSoI_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SatSoI-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Divisional units of the 44th Infantry Division began arriving in Innsbruck, Austria on 27 July,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the month's end it was on the border at the Brenner pass. Its admission into Italy proper, however, now became a matter of political debate between the higher political and military establishments of Italy and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-SatSoI_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SatSoI-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new Italian leadership did not want more German units to enter the country as that would enable the Germans to take control. However, they were not ready to openly oppose the Germans at this time and they could not deny the logic of the German argument, that more military units would be needed to repel the Allied armies, so eventually permission was granted.<sup id="cite_ref-SatSoI_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SatSoI-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 44th quickly took control of the rail line as far as <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a>, and by the next day infiltration of Army group B units was in full swing.<sup id="cite_ref-SatSoI_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SatSoI-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 September Badoglio announced an armistice between the Italian Forces and the Allies on Radio Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italian defection, had long been foreseen by Hitler who had instructed the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">OKW</a> to develop contingency plans to deal with it. <a href="/wiki/Operation_Achse" title="Operation Achse">Operation Achse</a> would see the disarming and disbanding of the military of the former German ally, and the take over of the Italian State by Germany, using force if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, in the event, little force would be required as the Italian Armed forces, lacking any clear leadership began to dissolve and capitulation ensued. The 44th Division, still in the South Tyrol, quickly seized the Italian XXXV Corps Headquarters in Bolzano, and a huge haul of prisoners, including 1783 officers, amongst which were 18 Generals, and 50,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the Italian military no longer policing its territory, Yugoslavian partisan activity flared up in Istria and Carniola. This area had mixed populations of Italians, Slovenians and Croatians, and Carniola, part of Yugoslavia in 1939, had only recently been annexed by Italy in 1941. OKW ordered Army Group B to safeguard vital interests and communications routes in the area, and Rommel complied. Tasking <a href="/wiki/II_SS_Panzer_Corps" title="II SS Panzer Corps">II SS Panzer Corps</a> to lead, and utilising the considerable forces at the disposal of Army Group B, several sweeps were conducted from late September to mid November, claiming success and the killing or capturing of thousands of partisans and capturing of much materiel.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Bernhardt_Line">The Bernhardt Line</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Bernhardt Line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1943 <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kesselring" title="Albert Kesselring">Kesselring</a> went to Berlin to meet with Hitler. He told the German leader that he believed the Allies could be held south of Rome at the winter line for six months. Shortly after Kesselring was given overall command of the armies in Italy, and Rommel relinquished his command of Army Group B. Now with access to an extra eight and a half divisions, including the 44th Infantry Division, Kesselring had the additional forces he needed to attempt to fulfil his promise to Hitler. He wanted to relieve his mobile divisions to rebuild their strength and use them as a mobile reserve against likely landings behind the German line<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the American-led 5th Army had broken out of the Salerno beachhead, joined with the British 8th Army, which had entered the boot of Italy from Sicily and were pushing the German forces back northward as they fought delaying actions through successive defensive lines. Kesselring wanted to delay their advance as long as possible to gain time to build up the defences of the <a href="/wiki/Gustav_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav line">Gustav line</a>, also called the winter line. The 44th Infantry Division would bolster these efforts and was ordered to entrain and move south to the front.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of November 1943, 44th HuD units began to arrive and the most advanced battalions were sent forward to relieve units of the <a href="/wiki/26th_Panzer_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Panzer Division">26th Panzer Division</a>, which were to be redeployed.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division took over its new positions including numerous protected shelters, pill boxes, and mortar positions built on reverse slopes, on a series of high mountain peaks dominating the road to St Elia and the Rapido Valley. Also in its sector was the village of Lagon, whose houses had been fortified. These positions were soon under attack by the US VI Corps, which pushed its units into the mountains, attempting to draw German reserves away from the main effort that would occur further to the south, in the Mignano Gap.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spite of the inherent defensive advantages of mountainous terrain and the harsh winter weather, the soldiers of the 44th division realised that they were not correctly equipped for either winter or mountain warfare. They had the wrong clothing and their horse drawn supply units were found to be useless in the mountain trails. The division quickly had to swap some of its wagons for mule trains, and some artillery for mountain guns.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassino,_p_24_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassino,_p_24-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, it was now inserted into major combat, for the first time since it was rebuilt, against a well resourced enemy, including air power. Indeed, several units had already suffered attacks from Allied fighter bombers, known as 'jabo's', upon retraining north of Cassino and on the way to the Bernhardt line.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassino,_p_24_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassino,_p_24-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map24.jpg/220px-Map24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map24.jpg/330px-Map24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map24.jpg/440px-Map24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Map of US Plans for Attack, 5 January 1943 on German position in front of the Gustav line</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/45th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="45th Infantry Division (United States)">US 45th Division</a>'s objectives were to be the village of Lagon and several of the peaks that dominated the village and the road to St Elia. Key to these was peak 769, and several days of combat around peak 769 followed, between elements of the 179th US Infantry Regiment<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2 Kompanie 131 Regiment,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the summit changing hands. Finally the Americans secured the summit for good and the 2/131 withdrew from its last positions on the reverse slopes with only 12 men and one officer remaining in the company. On 9 December the US Division attacked the Germans in Lagon, capturing the village two weeks later. </p><p>When the 5th Mountain division became available, the 10th Army replaced the 44th Division in the mountains and shifted it south to cover the more likely approach to the Liri valley, at the M gap. It would cover a wide sector with its units interspersed with those of the 29th Panzer Grenadier division. The defence was based on a series of low hills on either side of Highway 6, with the landscape rising dramatically on its left flank to the 1270 m high mount Majo. The US Fifth Army had used the short lull in operations since mid-December to freshen its forces, and plan for the renewed attack. The attack would use a task force from 1st Armoured Division, plus some British support on the left, two regiments of the 34th US Infantry Division, the 168th and the 135th, on the right and some special service troops on the high peaks of Mount Majo. The 1st Special Service Regiment had a battalion of specifically trained mountain troops, and these were used to cross the difficult terrain and seize the summit of Mt Majo on 4 January. The summit was in the sector of the 44th's 132 Infantry Regiment, who mounted repeated counterattacks but failed to regain the lost ground and suffered badly at the hands of American artillery of the US 93rd Armoured Field Artillery Battalion fired in support of the special service troops. The Special Service troops went on to secure the neighbouring peaks. With the high peaks secured the US forces launched their drive along highway 6. The attack started well when forces from 168th lead battalion were ambushed by elements of III/132 under Lt Prandl who captured 2 officers and 68 men. The Americans, however, went on into the village of Venafro with the 135th US Regiment, and after two days of difficult fighting, captured it, taking 170 prisoners from the 44th Division. </p><p>The US forces then pressed on to the ridge behind the village, La Chinia, one of their major objectives, which at that point was still held by the III/132. The German battalion was forced off the summit after 2 days of fighting. The 44th Division had suffered heavy casualties and had everywhere been driven from its defences. von Senger, the korps commander, then brought up fresh forces to slow the Allied advance and allowed the 44th to fall back into the Gustav positions in and around Cassino for a few days' rest and replenishment.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_1st_battle_of_Cassino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Map_of_1st_battle_of_Cassino.jpg/220px-Map_of_1st_battle_of_Cassino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Map_of_1st_battle_of_Cassino.jpg/330px-Map_of_1st_battle_of_Cassino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/47/Map_of_1st_battle_of_Cassino.jpg/440px-Map_of_1st_battle_of_Cassino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption>1st Battle of Cassino</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cassino">Cassino</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cassino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>British 10 Corps were the first to attack the Gustav line proper, in the coastal sector, and with some success, necessitating Kesselring to commit his mobile reserves down from Rome to stop them. This allowed the <a href="/wiki/VI_Corps_(United_States)" title="VI Corps (United States)">US VI Corps</a> to land successfully and virtually unopposed at <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shingle" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Shingle">Anzio</a> on 22 January 1944 and form a beach head. With the Anzio landings in full swing but the British drive now almost completely stopped, <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Clark" title="Mark W. Clark">General Clark</a>, commander of the US 5th Army needed to keep the pressure up on the Gustav line to prevent the Germans shifting reserves back to Anzio. A crack in the Gustav line, together with the threat of the Anzio beachhead would render the whole of the German defensive position south of Rome untenable. The attack by the 36 US infantry division across the Rapido in the Liri valley was a costly failure, so General Clark now launched <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Juin" title="Alphonse Juin">Juin's</a> <a href="/wiki/French_Expeditionary_Corps_(1943%E2%80%931944)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Expeditionary Corps (1943–1944)">French expeditionary force</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/34th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="34th Infantry Division (United States)">US 34 US ID</a> against the Cassino Massif itself. The French would attack from the village of St Elise at the head of the Rapido, across the Belmonte valley and up and onto Mt Belvedere and beyond that Colle Abate, which, at 919 m high, dominated the whole area. The US division would attack across the flooded Rapido, capture the hills beyond, wheel left and take the town and monastery hill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="German_dispositions">German dispositions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: German dispositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The renewed Allied attack would crash straight into the 44th division defences around Cassino. The division had 3 battalions of 132nd Infantry Regiment positioned in prepared positions along the Rapido valley, and 2 further battalions of 131st Infantry Regiment in the village of Caira and on Mt Belvedere. Units of 71st Division 191st Infantry Regiment were under command in the Belmonte Valley, linking into 5th Mountain Division on the left flank. Most of the 143rd Infantry regiment was in reserve, rebuilding after heavy losses in the Bernhardt line fighting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_French_attack">The French attack</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The French attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first to test the 44th defenses in the Gustav line were the French. The <a href="/wiki/French_Expeditionary_Corps_(1943%E2%80%9344)" title="French Expeditionary Corps (1943–44)">French Expeditionary Corps</a> under the highly capable <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Juin" title="Alphonse Juin">General Juin</a>, had already been pushing forward against the defenses of the 5th Mountain Division on the left flank of the 44 Infantry. They had captured the village of St Elisa in the Rapido valley from which an assault against the Cassino massive, and a push up the Secco valley could be launched. </p><p>On 25 January 1944 2 battalions of 4th regiment of Tunisian Tirailleurs (4RTT), part of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Algerian_Infantry_Division" title="3rd Algerian Infantry Division">3rd Algerian Infantry</a> crossed the valley and scaled Mt Belvedere using a steep ravine as cover. This was a considerable feat in itself as the French units had not been allocated any mules and the soldiers had to carry huge loads up the precipitous ravine, but it gave the attack cover and allowed access to the summit without suffering any substantial losses. </p><p>Upon arrival a fierce firefight developed with elements of 131 infantry regiment, but the end of the day the French prevailed and pushed the Germans from most of the summit of Mt Belvedere. During the night, the French managed to get some reinforcements onto the summit and the following day continued their advance and through great effort and bravery of their troops captured the high points on Mt Abate. </p><p>This feature, 919 m high, was the dominant peak in the area and in good weather could give the allies a commanding view of the whole area, including many German rear areas. </p><p>By dawn of 27 January the French had reached their objectives, but their position was precarious, some of the attacking companies had been reduced by casualties to individuals, or mere handfuls of men mainly from incessant German artillery and mortar fire. Moreover, resupply of the troops was almost impossible, and they were soon running out of ammunition, food and water. Von Senger, seeing the danger to the whole German position from the French success, reacted swiftly, throwing in the entire reserves of the 44th Infantry Division, a battalion of the 131st, the whole of the 134th Regiment, and a battalion from the 191st infantry regiment under command. To these he added a few companies from assorted units and some pioneers and concentrated them on the slopes of Mt Abate and in the Secco valley. </p><p>For 3 days the Germans now mounted incessant counter-attacks on the exposed French positions </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_34_US_Division_attack">The 34 US Division attack</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The 34 US Division attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Thick minefields and rows of barbed wire had been laid in the marshes and on the gently rising ground at the base of the mountains to prevent the passage of tanks or foot troops. A chain of bunker positions, stronger than any encountered before, had been built, some reinforced with concrete, some with railroad ties from the ruined station at Cassino, but all of them dug and blasted out from the rock of the Cassino hills. Not content with natural fortifications the enemy had installed portable steel pillboxes, half-buried in the ground, each containing a machine gun. Every man and every weapon had shelter from artillery fire. In support of their infantry positions, emplacements were prepared for self-propelled guns which could mount the trails on the northwest side of a hill without being observed by us, fire a few rounds, and disappear. A large concentration of gun positions had been constructed close to the hills behind Cassino and close to Highway 6 where they had good protection from our counter-battery fire. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">The Story of the 34th Infantry Division Book I • Louisiana to Pisa,<br /> Chapter XIII • CASSINO • Storming<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Attacking across the Rapido, infantry from the 133 Infantry Regiment, 34 US Division found the river in its upper reaches fordable, but the flooded banks, compounded by German minefields caused its armoured support to bog down.<sup id="cite_ref-Sal-Cas_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sal-Cas-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infantry that managed to get across were met by accurate artillery and heavy weapons fire from German 132 Infantry Regiment units, shielded from the US artillery preparation in their deep bunkers, so that the Americans were forced back to their starting positions. The next night the 34 Division tried again but with the same result.<sup id="cite_ref-Sal-Cas_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sal-Cas-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the first four days the American attack stalled at the river line, the infantry unable to capitalise on their gains until 29 January when the US 168 Infantry Regiment found a weak spot and managed to get tanks across in greater numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-Sal-Cas_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sal-Cas-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working in tandem, the American tanks suppressed the German bunkers, allowing the infantry to overrun the German positions in the valley and push on to the low hills, taking the village of Caira<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and capturing the staff of 1 Battalion, 131 Infantry Regiment into the bargain.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 February, the Italian Barracks at the base of the hills, still in the hands of the 44 Division, was stormed by troops of US 133 Infantry Regiment and the area was finally cleared by the Americans on the following day after fierce fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-Sal-Cas_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sal-Cas-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of February the positions of the 132 Infantry Regiment in the Rapido were mostly over run and its battalions decimated. It was clear to the corps commander von Senger that the 44 Division could not hold on its own. Its divisional reserves had already been committed against the French and fresh forces would be needed to bolster its sector around Cassino. These were soon to arrive; the 211 Infantry Regiment went into Cassino town and the first two battalions of 90 Panzer Grenadier Division arrived shortly after, followed by the first of the parachute units that would become synonymous with the Cassino defence. On 2 February General Baade, commander of the 90 Panzer Grenadiers took over the vital Cassino sector and the 44 Division's 132 Regiment was withdrawn to rebuild.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the autumn of 1944 the <a href="/wiki/Steppe_Front" title="Steppe Front">Soviet 2nd Ukrainian Front</a> broke through the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Carpathians" title="Southern Carpathians">Transylvanian Alps</a> and into the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">central Hungarian plain</a> and by the end of October had already reached the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> river below <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>. The Danube, with high water levels from recent rains and swampy banks was potentially a major barrier,<sup id="cite_ref-Erickson,_The_Road_to_Berlin_p_435_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson,_The_Road_to_Berlin_p_435-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and could have acted as a formidable break to the Soviet advance, and a considerable defensive asset if the Axis powers had forces enough to man it. But the bulk of German major formations in the country were falling back into northern Hungary to protect the capital, and <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_F" title="Army Group F">Army Group F</a>, given responsibility for lower Hungary had little with which to stop the Soviet Red Army advance. The Soviet 57th Army reached the river and quickly threw 2 bridgeheads across at <a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Mohács">Mohács</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baja,_Hungary" title="Baja, Hungary">Baja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Erickson,_The_Road_to_Berlin_p_435_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson,_The_Road_to_Berlin_p_435-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Army Group F could only erect a fragile screen around the Soviet bridgeheads, and call for reinforcements. </p><p>The 44th Infantry Division had just settled into its refreshment area around Udine, in Italy, when this latest crisis on the eastern front led to the OKW issuing orders on 7 November for its transfer to Hungary. The division hurriedly boarded 60 trains<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> heading for Pecs in lower Hungary. </p><p>The Soviet 57th Army continued a slow buildup on the west bank, until Tolbukhin, the 3rd Ukrainian Front commander, committed substantial additional forces. The 57th and 4th Guards Armies launched a drive in the last week of November that broke through the thin German defences heading for both ends of Lake Balaton.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pecs (Funfkirchen) fell on 30 November and German resistance started disintegrating, with the 44th Division's northern neighbour, <a href="/wiki/31st_SS_Volunteer_Grenadier_Division" title="31st SS Volunteer Grenadier Division">31 SS Division</a>, retreating 'westwards'.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2nd Panzer Army, after receiving considerable reinforcements, managed to stabilise the front, anchored on Lake Balaton and forwards of <a href="/wiki/Nagykanizsa" title="Nagykanizsa">Nagykanizsa</a>, one of the last sources of oil available to Germany. By the first week in December the 44th was seen as having only limited defensive capabilities,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its fighting spirit was strongly diminished,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the now static front remained quiet for several weeks allowing the 44th division to rebuild its strength and absorb replacements. </p><p>After the failed German relief attempt of Budapest, Soviet Army forces still controlled a sizeable area on the west bank of the Danube at the confluence of the Gran, just north west of Budapest. The German command viewed this bridgehead as a major threat.<sup id="cite_ref-DbBV2_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DbBV2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To eliminate the Gran bridgehead, Army Group South would mount <a href="/wiki/Operation_Southwind" title="Operation Southwind">Operation Southwind</a>, with the combined forces of <a href="/wiki/I_SS_Panzer_Corps" title="I SS Panzer Corps">I SS Panzer Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Corps_Feldherrnhalle" title="Panzer Corps Feldherrnhalle">Panzer Corps Feldherrnhalle</a> attacking. The 44 HuD, already in transit to the area would attack on the right flank, with the heavy tanks of Feldherrnhalle armoured group attached, <a href="/wiki/Tiger_II" title="Tiger II">Tiger IIs</a> from <a href="/wiki/503rd_Heavy_Panzer_Battalion" title="503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion">503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DbBV2_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DbBV2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1975-102-14A,_Panzer_VI_(Tiger_II,_K%C3%B6nigstiger).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1975-102-14A%2C_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_II%2C_K%C3%B6nigstiger%29.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1975-102-14A%2C_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_II%2C_K%C3%B6nigstiger%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1975-102-14A%2C_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_II%2C_K%C3%B6nigstiger%29.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1975-102-14A%2C_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_II%2C_K%C3%B6nigstiger%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1975-102-14A%2C_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_II%2C_K%C3%B6nigstiger%29.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1975-102-14A%2C_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_II%2C_K%C3%B6nigstiger%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Tiger II's of s.H.Pz.Abt. 503 'Feldherrnhalle', attached to the 44th division during the elimination of the Gran bridgehead</figcaption></figure> <p>On 17 February the attack began, and by the second day the 44 HuD had gone halfway to the Danube. In four days of fierce fighting the Soviet army bridgehead was cleared except for two villages on the west bank. The Germans reorganised their forces and the 44th Division helped the <a href="/wiki/LSSAH" class="mw-redirect" title="LSSAH">LSSAH</a> clear the last resistance from the village of Kemet.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southwind was over and declared a success, the 44th reported the destruction of 6 tanks, the capture of 43 guns as well as much other equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Army Group South now turned to new offensive plans. Ordered by Hitler to regain control of areas of central Hungary up to the Danube river, operation <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Operation Spring Awakening</a> (Frühlingserwachen) aimed to recapture ground that already had seen much fighting during the Budapest relief attempts. The main thrust would occur north of Lake Balaton, conducted by 6 SS Panzer Army, with secondary thrusts to the south. </p><p>The lead up to the attack did not go smoothly, the inadequate road network, exacerbated by poor staff work, caused difficulties for the attack formations whilst forming up,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 44th division units became entangled with the 9 SS Panzer Division and the II Panzer Corps started one day late.<sup id="cite_ref-StB_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StB-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 and 8 March the Panzer divisions of I SS Panzer Corps had gone 20 miles into the Soviet Defenses<sup id="cite_ref-StB_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StB-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but progress in the 44th sector was slow.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 13 March it had almost 500 casualties, but still lagged well behind the mobile divisions, and 3rd Ukrainian Front commander Tolbukhin began to launch a series of counter-attacks backed up by tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-StB_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StB-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the German offensive all but halted, the Soviets resumed their general offensive on 16 March to the west of Budapest. Attacking across the Vertes Mountains, a sector held by relatively weak Hungarian forces, German reaction was sluggish. Hitler vetoed the transfer of 16 SS division from the 2nd Pz Army, or the 352nd Infantry Division from the 6th Pz Army to the threatened sector, Army Group South was ordered to defend 'every inch' with what it had.<sup id="cite_ref-DbBV_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DbBV-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet forces, initially slowed as much from the difficult terrain as the opposition, emerged from the mountain passes, having pushed through the Hungarian defences and the few reserve German battalions. Their timings were good, the difficult road conditions of the earlier part of the month were improving daily as the ground started to dry out.<sup id="cite_ref-DbBV_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DbBV-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 20 March the German offensive gains of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Operation Spring Awakening</a> were moot as units of the 6 SS Panzer Army were finally shifted to oppose the Soviet breakthrough, and the bulge into the Soviet lines was closing fast.<sup id="cite_ref-DbBV_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DbBV-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The position of the German offensive units still east of Lake Balaton was precarious. The Soviet 9th Guards Army had already covered half the distance between lakes Velence and Balaton,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their only possible escape route. Another strong push by the Soviet forces and the 44 and panzer divisions of 6 Panzer Army would be trapped. The 6th Panzer Army was now struggling to keep an escape route open; the 3rd and 23rd Panzer divisions managed to retreat and were holding the Soviet forces off at Veszprem, but 1 Panzer division, 5th SS Viking and 44th were still in a box with Soviet Army forces attacking from in front and behind them.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late on 22 March the three German divisions assembled at Jeno, a town midway between lakes Velence and Balaton and 12 km from safety. A narrow gap still existed, through which the Germans intended to break out, but the Soviet units had brought up anti-tank guns into blocking positions and could sweep the entire corridor with artillery, mortar and machine gun fire.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German units created mixed columns, with the few remaining tanks in the lead, followed by armoured infantry, the divisional commands, artillery, supply units and rearguards, with more infantry on the flanks.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the darkness the columns set off and finally reached friendly lines by dawn. Disaster had been averted but for the 44th the cost had been heavy; the division commander, van Rost, was killed along with some of his staff, when the armoured half-track he was travelling in was hit by an anti-tank shell and destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall 65 officers from the division, had in two days fighting been killed, captured or badly injured,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the infantry had suffered severe losses overcoming the Soviet units blocking positions.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intact but badly mauled, the division retreated rapidly back towards Radkersburg on the Austrian frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_crimes">War crimes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: War crimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The division has been implicated in a number of war crimes in Italy between March and September 1944, with up to thirty-three civilians executed in each incident.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_and_Area_of_Operations">Service and Area of Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Service and Area of Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="2" width="600"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <td><b>Date</b></td> <td><b>Korps</b></td> <td><b>Army</b></td> <td><b>Army Group</b></td> <td><b>Operational Area</b> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>September 1939</td> <td>XVII</td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="14th Army (Wehrmacht)">14th Army</a></td> <td>South</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Krakau</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lemberg</a>, Poland </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>December 1939</td> <td rowspan="2">OKH-Reserve</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Einbeck" title="Einbeck">Einbeck, Germany</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>January 1940</td> <td>6th Army</td> <td rowspan="3">B </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>June 1940</td> <td rowspan="3">XXXI</td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">7th Army</a></td> <td rowspan="6">France </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>July 1940 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>September 1940</td> <td>C </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>November 1940</td> <td rowspan="2">VI</td> <td rowspan="3">D </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>January 1941 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>March 1941</td> <td>LIX </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>April 1941</td> <td rowspan="3">XVII</td> <td>17th Army</td> <td>B</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>May 1941</td> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Army (Wehrmacht)">6th Army</a></td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>June 1941</td> <td rowspan="7">South </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>July 1941</td> <td>XXIX</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhitomir</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>August 1941</td> <td>LV</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>September 1941</td> <td>XVII </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>October 1941</td> <td>LI</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Karkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkov">Karkov</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>November 1941</td> <td>LV </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>January 1942</td> <td rowspan="2">LI </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>August 1942</td> <td rowspan="2">B</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>September 1942</td> <td>XI </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>December 1942</td> <td rowspan="2">VIII</td> <td rowspan="2">Don </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>January 1943 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>April 1943</td> <td>in formation</td> <td rowspan="2">15th Army</td> <td rowspan="2">D</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>June 1943</td> <td>LXXXXIX </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>July 1943</td> <td>Gruppe Feuerstein (LI. Geb. AK)</td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">B</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">North Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>August 1943</td> <td>Gen.Kdo. Witthöft</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>September 1943</td> <td>II SS</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>November 1943</td> <td rowspan="2">XIV</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/10th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="10th Army (Wehrmacht)">10. Army</a></td> <td rowspan="5">C</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Cassino" title="Cassino">Cassino</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>January 1944 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>May 1944</td> <td>LI </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>October 1944</td> <td>z. Vfg.</td> <td>Apennines </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>November 1944</td> <td>LXXXXVII</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>December 1944</td> <td rowspan="2">LXVIII</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Panzer_Army" title="2nd Panzer Army">2. Panzer Army</a></td> <td>F</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Fünfkirchen</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>January 1945</td> <td rowspan="5">South </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>February 1945</td> <td>FH (IV)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="8th Army (Wehrmacht)">8. Armee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Esztergom" title="Esztergom">Gran</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>March 1945</td> <td>z. Vfg.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Balaton" title="Lake Balaton">Lake Balaton</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>April 1945</td> <td>I. Kav.</td> <td>2. Panzer Army</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bad_Radkersburg" title="Bad Radkersburg">Radkersburg, Graz</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td>May 1945</td> <td>XXXXIII</td> <td>8. Armee</td> <td>NW <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strength_and_losses">Strength and losses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Strength and losses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 May 1942 the average infantry division in Army Group South was 2400 understrength and lacking about 50% of their infantry<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 132 Infantry Regiment had been particularly hard hit in the defence of the Rapido valley, and the hills behind it. Its battalions had been 'bled white' and were sometimes down to platoon strength.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, when relieved the I/132 had only a dozen men in each company left and no company officers, the only officers in the whole battalion were the battalion commander and his adjutant.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassino_60_years_p_178_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassino_60_years_p_178-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 8/132, when relieved by a paratrooper unit on the Cassino Massif was down to only 9 men.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassino_60_years_p_178_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassino_60_years_p_178-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Senger noted that battalions in the front line were led by very young officers commanding around 100 men.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Clark, commander of the 5th Army claims the division was "practically eliminated",<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 5th Army records show that 1303 men were captured from the 44th Division between 16 January and the end of March, with 540 men from the 132 Infantry Regiment alone.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the attrition of front line infantry ate away at a division's combat strength to a point where it would be no longer effective, the overall headcount could remain little changed with over ten thousand men.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The low numbers reported of German battalions often excluded service and support elements, such as supply, medical, communications and even staff troops, who served as a base, together with the few surviving combat troops around which infantry battalions could be rebuilt. As a case in point, the decimated units of 132 Infantry Regiment were withdrawn from action at the beginning of February, refreshed and the regiment was able to go back into line in March with all three battalions deployed in the new divisional sector, around the village of Terrel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanding_officers">Commanding officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Commanding officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Generalleutnant <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Schubert" title="Albrecht Schubert">Albrecht Schubert</a> (1 April 1938 – 1 October 1939)</li> <li>Generalleutnant <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Siebert" title="Friedrich Siebert">Friedrich Siebert</a> (1 October 1939 – 2 May 1942)</li> <li>Generalleutnant <a href="/wiki/Heinrich-Anton_Deboi" title="Heinrich-Anton Deboi">Heinrich-Anton Deboi</a> (2 May 1942 – 29 January 1943)</li></ul> <p><b>After recreation:</b> </p> <ul><li>Generalleutnant <a href="/wiki/Franz_Beyer_(general)" title="Franz Beyer (general)">Dr. Franz Beyer</a> (1 March 1943 – 1 January 1944)</li> <li>Generalleutnant Dr. rer. pol. <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Franek" title="Friedrich Franek">Friedrich Franek</a> (1 January 1944 – 1 May 1944)</li> <li>Generalleutnant Bruno Ortner (1 May 1944 – 25 June 1944)</li> <li>Generalleutnant <a href="/wiki/Hans-G%C3%BCnther_von_Rost" title="Hans-Günther von Rost">Hans-Günther von Rost</a> (25 June 1944 – 23 March 1945)</li> <li>Oberst Hoffmann (23 March 1945 – 8 May 1945)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sub_Units">Sub Units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sub Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Infantry Regiment 131</li> <li>Infantry Regiment 132</li> <li>Infantry Regiment 134</li> <li>Artillery Regiment 96</li> <li>Reconnaissance Battalion 44</li> <li>Field Replacement Battalion 44</li> <li>Anti-Tank Battalion 44 (Motorised)</li> <li>Pioneer Battalion 80</li> <li>Signals Battalion 64</li> <li>Divisional Supply Troops 44</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNiehorster" class="citation web cs1">Niehorster, Dr. Leo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niehorster.org/011_germany/40_organ_army/div-inf_1-welle.html">"Infanterie-Division (1. Welle), German Army, 10.05.1940"</a>. <i>niehorster.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=niehorster.org&rft.atitle=Infanterie-Division+%281.+Welle%29%2C+German+Army%2C+10.05.1940&rft.aulast=Niehorster&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Leo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fniehorster.org%2F011_germany%2F40_organ_army%2Fdiv-inf_1-welle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nafziger p89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolfgang Schneider, Tigers in Combat II, Schwere Panzer-Kompanie 'Meyer' and also George Forty, Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II, p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44Pol-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-44Pol_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44Pol_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-44Pol_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dettmer, Jaus, Tolkmitt, Die 44. Infanterie Division, Einsatze 1939 – Polenfeildzug, pp. 18-33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Hargreaves, Blitzkrieg Unleashed: The German Invasion of Poland, 1939, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiehorster" class="citation web cs1">Niehorster, Dr. Leo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niehorster.org/029_poland/1939/krakow.html">"Krakow Army, Polish Army, 01.09.1939"</a>. <i>niehorster.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=niehorster.org&rft.atitle=Krakow+Army%2C+Polish+Army%2C+01.09.1939&rft.aulast=Niehorster&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Leo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fniehorster.org%2F029_poland%2F1939%2Fkrakow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dettmer, Jaus, Tolkmitt, Die 44. Infanterie Division</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The-German-Infantry-Handbook-1939-1945 & Die 44. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divisionsarchiv.com/44_Infanteriedivision/Einsatz_44ID/Frankreich/Frankreich_44ID.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankreich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.divisionsarchiv.com%2F44_Infanteriedivision%2FEinsatz_44ID%2FFrankreich%2FFrankreich_44ID.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span> Quoted origin of reference: Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen des Militärgeschichtlichen Forschungsamtes, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamenir , Bloody Triangle p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tIPoW-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tIPoW_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tIPoW_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tIPoW_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David M Glantz, The Initial Period of War, p. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dettmer, Jaus, Tolkmitt, Die 44. Infanterie Division p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Halder War Diary, p. 437</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TsAMO records of the 9th Mechanised Corps</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kiev-1941.narod.ru/trench_war.html">"Позиционные бои на линии КиУР (август - сентябрь 1941)"</a>. <i>kiev-1941.narod.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kiev-1941.narod.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%A3%D0%A0+%28%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82+-+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C+1941%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkiev-1941.narod.ru%2Ftrench_war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Operation Barbarossa 1941 (1): Army Group South, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dettmer, Jaus, Tolkmitt, Die 44. Infanterie Division, p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Die 44 infantry p xx</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziemke, Moscow to Stalingrad p 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MtS-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MtS_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MtS_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziemke, Moscow to Stalingrad p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dettmer,_Jaus_p_83-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dettmer,_Jaus_p_83_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dettmer,_Jaus_p_83_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dettmer, Jaus, Tolkmitt, Die 44. Infanterie Division p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziemke, Moscow to Stalingrad, p. 336</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dettmer, Jaus, Tolkmitt, Die 44. Infanterie Division, pp. 92-95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moscow to Stalingrad p. 384</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Исаев А. В. Сталинград. За Волгой для нас земли нет. — М.: Яуза, Эксмо, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carrel, Hitler's war on Russia, pp. 575-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalingrad ein ruckblick auf 60 Jahren, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Small unit actions during the German campaign in Russia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antony Beevor, Stalingrad, p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler's Decision to Airlift" <i>Airpower Journal</i>, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring 1997), pp. 21–37. 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Fascist Italy. Manchester University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-4004-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-4004-3">0-7190-4004-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saxon, Timothy D. The German Side of the Hill p 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irving, David Hitler's War p 549</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SatSoI-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SatSoI_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SatSoI_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SatSoI_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SatSoI_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sicily and the surrender of Italy, chapter XV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sicily and the surrender of Italy, chapter XV Dissolution of the Rome Berlin axis p 512</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sicily and the Surrender of Italy, Chapter XXIV The Italian Decision</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dettmer, Jaus, Tolkmitt, Die 44. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.34infdiv.org/history/34div/1.13.html">the original</a> on 26 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=34infdiv.org&rft.atitle=34infdiv.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.34infdiv.org%2Fhistory%2F34div%2F1.13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sal-Cas-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sal-Cas_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sal-Cas_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sal-Cas_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sal-Cas_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Salerno to Cassino, Chapter XXI Attack on Cassino</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fazendin, The 756th Tank Battalion in the Battle of Cassino, 1944, p84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schick Monte Cassino, 60, p 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellis ,Cassino, p 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erickson,_The_Road_to_Berlin_p_435-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson,_The_Road_to_Berlin_p_435_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson,_The_Road_to_Berlin_p_435_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson, <i>The Road to Berlin</i> p 435</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Intelligence in the Second World War: Volume 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glantz, Art of War symposium, From the Vistula to the Oder p 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pencz, For the Homeland: The 31st Waffen-SS Volunteer Grenadier Division in WWII p 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madeja, Russo-German War no 34 p 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pencz, For the Homeland: The 31st Waffen-SS Volunteer Grenadier Division in WWII p 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DbBV2-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DbBV2_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DbBV2_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maier, Drama Between Budapest and Vienna p 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maier, Drama Between Budapest and Vienna</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agis, Das Ende am Plattensee p 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maier, Drama Between Budapest and Vienna, p 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StB-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StB_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StB_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StB_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziemke, Stalingrad to Berlin, Parry & thrust-- Vienna</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maier, Drama Between Budapest and Vienna, p 196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DbBV-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DbBV_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DbBV_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DbBV_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maier, <i>Drama Between Budapest and Vienna</i> p 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agis, Das Ende am Plattensee p 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stoves, 1. Panzer-Division 1935 – 1945 p 758</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson, <i>The Road to Berlin</i> p 510</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agis, <i>Das Ende am Plattensee</i> p 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agis, <i>Das Ende am Plattensee</i> p 307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agis, <i>Das Ende am Plattensee</i> p 258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stoves, 1. Panzer-Division 1935 – 1945 p 764</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agis, <i>Das Ende am Plattensee</i> p 348</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straginazifasciste.it/?page_id=297&ricerca=644">"44. Infanterie-Division"</a> (in Italian). Atlas of Nazi and Fascist Massacres in Italy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=44.+Infanterie-Division&rft.pub=Atlas+of+Nazi+and+Fascist+Massacres+in+Italy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straginazifasciste.it%2F%3Fpage_id%3D297%26ricerca%3D644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Halder</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Die 44. Inafantrie Division p 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassino_60_years_p_178-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cassino_60_years_p_178_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cassino_60_years_p_178_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassino 60 years p 178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">von Senger Und Etterlin, Neither Fear Nor Hope p 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calculated Risk: The Memoirs of a Great Commanding General of WWII</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Fifth Army Part IV Cassino & Anzio p 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">von Senger Und Etterlin, Neither Fear Nor Hope p 196</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNafziger2000" class="citation book cs1">Nafziger, George F. (31 March 2000). <i>German Order of Battle: Infantry in World War II</i>. Greenhill Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-393-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-393-1"><bdi>978-1-85367-393-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Order+of+Battle%3A+Infantry+in+World+War+II&rft.pub=Greenhill+Books&rft.date=2000-03-31&rft.isbn=978-1-85367-393-1&rft.aulast=Nafziger&rft.aufirst=George+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2009" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Walter Scott (February 2009). <i>Second Front Now – 1943: An Opportunity Delayed</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-5547-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-5547-0"><bdi>978-0-8173-5547-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+Front+Now+%E2%80%93+1943%3A+An+Opportunity+Delayed&rft.date=2009-02&rft.isbn=978-0-8173-5547-0&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Walter+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman1969" class="citation book cs1">Chapman, Guy (1969). <i>Why France fell;: The defeat of the French Army in 1940</i>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0030724909" title="Special:BookSources/978-0030724909"><bdi>978-0030724909</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+France+fell%3B%3A+The+defeat+of+the+French+Army+in+1940&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0030724909&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamenir2008" class="citation book cs1">Kamenir, Victor (2008). <i>The Bloody Triangle: The Defeat of Soviet Armor in the Ukraine, June 1941</i>. Zenith Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0760334348" title="Special:BookSources/978-0760334348"><bdi>978-0760334348</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bloody+Triangle%3A+The+Defeat+of+Soviet+Armor+in+the+Ukraine%2C+June+1941&rft.pub=Zenith+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0760334348&rft.aulast=Kamenir&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlantz2009" class="citation book cs1">Glantz, David M. (2009). <i>To the Gates of Stalingrad</i>. University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0700616305" title="Special:BookSources/978-0700616305"><bdi>978-0700616305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+the+Gates+of+Stalingrad&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0700616305&rft.aulast=Glantz&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarl_F._Ziemke1989" class="citation book cs1">Earl F. Ziemke, & Magna E. Bauer (March 1989). <i>Moscow to Stalingrad: Decision in the East</i>. Hippocrene Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0880292948" title="Special:BookSources/978-0880292948"><bdi>978-0880292948</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moscow+to+Stalingrad%3A+Decision+in+the+East&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=1989-03&rft.isbn=978-0880292948&rft.aulast=Earl+F.+Ziemke&rft.aufirst=%26+Magna+E.+Bauer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedrich_Dettmer,_Otto_Jaus2004" class="citation book cs1">Friedrich Dettmer, Otto Jaus, Helmut Tolkmitt (2004). <i>Die 44. Infanterie-Division. Reichs-Grenadier-Division Hoch- und Deutschmeister 1938–1945</i>. Nebel-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89555-177-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-89555-177-5"><bdi>3-89555-177-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+44.+Infanterie-Division.+Reichs-Grenadier-Division+Hoch-+und+Deutschmeister+1938%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Nebel-Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-89555-177-5&rft.aulast=Friedrich+Dettmer%2C+Otto+Jaus&rft.aufirst=Helmut+Tolkmitt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2003" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, John (2003). <i>Cassino: The Hollow Victory – The Battle for Rome, January–June, 1944</i>. Aurum Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1854109162" title="Special:BookSources/1854109162"><bdi>1854109162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassino%3A+The+Hollow+Victory+%E2%80%93+The+Battle+for+Rome%2C+January%E2%80%93June%2C+1944&rft.pub=Aurum+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1854109162&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Senger_Und_Etterlin1989" class="citation book cs1">von Senger Und Etterlin, Frido (31 December 1989). <i>Neither Fear Nor Hope</i>. Presidio Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0891413509" title="Special:BookSources/978-0891413509"><bdi>978-0891413509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neither+Fear+Nor+Hope&rft.pub=Presidio+Press&rft.date=1989-12-31&rft.isbn=978-0891413509&rft.aulast=von+Senger+Und+Etterlin&rft.aufirst=Frido&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaier2004" class="citation book cs1">Maier, Georg (2004). <i>Drama Between Budapest and Vienna, the Final Fighting of the 6th Panzer-Armee</i>. Fedorowicz (J.J.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0921991789" title="Special:BookSources/0921991789"><bdi>0921991789</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drama+Between+Budapest+and+Vienna%2C+the+Final+Fighting+of+the+6th+Panzer-Armee&rft.pub=Fedorowicz+%28J.J.%29&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0921991789&rft.aulast=Maier&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A44th+Infantry+Division+%28Wehrmacht%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a131237.pdf">Kesselring: An Analysis of the German Commander at Anzio – Bitner, Teddy D., CPT, USA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/100/100-9/CMH_Pub_100-9.pdf">Fifth Army at the Winter Line</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/Canada/CA/Italy/index.html">The Canadians in Italy, 1943–1945</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Numbered_infantry_divisions_of_the_German_Army_(1935–1945)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Numbered_infantry_divisions_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Numbered infantry divisions of the Wehrmacht"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Numbered_infantry_divisions_of_the_German_Army_(1935–1945)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Numbered infantry divisions of the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">German Army (1935–1945)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="1st_–_99th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1st – 99th</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1st_–_9th" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st – 9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="2nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="3rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="4th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_J%C3%A4ger_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="5th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="9th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th – 19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="10th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="11th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="12th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="14th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="15th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="16th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="17th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="18th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="19th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th – 29th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="20th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="21st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="23rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="24th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="26th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="28th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="29th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">29</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30th – 39th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="30th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="31st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="32nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="33rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="34th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="35th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="36th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="38th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="39th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">39</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">40th – 49th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/41st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="41st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">41</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="45th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="46th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="47th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="48th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="49th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">49</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50th – 59th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="50th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="52nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="56th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="57th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="58th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="59th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">59</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">60th – 69th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/60th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="60th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="61st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="62nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="63rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="64th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="65th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="68th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="69th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">69</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">70th – 79th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/70th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="70th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="71st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="72nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="73rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="74th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="75th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="76th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="77th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="78th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="79th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">79</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">80th – 89th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/80th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="80th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="81st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="82nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="83rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="84th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="85th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="86th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/87th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="87th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="88th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="89th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">89</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">90th – 99th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/91st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="91st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="92nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="93rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/94th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="94th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="95th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="96th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="98th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">98</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="100th_–_199th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">100th – 199th</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="100th_–_119th" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100th – 119th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/102nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="102nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/106th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="106th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="110th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/111th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="111th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/112th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="112th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/113th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="113th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">113</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">121st – 129th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/121st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="121st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="122nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/123rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="123rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="125th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="126th Infantry Division">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/129th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="129th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">129</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">130th – 149th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/131st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="131st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/132nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="132nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/134th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="134th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/137th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="137th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/148th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="148th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">148</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">150th – 159th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/153rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="153rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/154th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="154th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="155th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/156th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="156th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/157th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="157th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/158th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="158th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/159th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="159th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">159</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">160th – 169th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/160th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="160th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/161st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="161st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/162nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="162nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/162nd_Turkoman_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="162nd Turkoman Division">162nd (Turk.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/163rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="163rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/164th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="164th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/166th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="166th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/167th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="167th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/168th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="168th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">168</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/169th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="169th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">169</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">170th – 189th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/170th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="170th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/174th_Reserve_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="174th Reserve Division (Wehrmacht)">174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/176th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="176th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="180th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/181st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="181st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/182nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="182nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/183rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="183rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/189th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="189th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">189</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">190th – 199th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/190th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="190th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/196th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/197th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="197th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/198th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="198th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/199th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="199th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">199</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="200th_–_299th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">200th – 299th</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="200th_–_209th" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200th – 209th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/201st_Security_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="201st Security Division (Wehrmacht)">201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/203rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="203rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/205th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="205th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/206th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="206th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/207th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="207th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/208th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="208th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/209th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="209th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">209</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">210th – 219th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/210th_Coastal_Defense_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="210th Coastal Defense Division (Wehrmacht)">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/211th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="211th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/212th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="212th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/213th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="213th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/214th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="214th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/215th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="215th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/216th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="216th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/217th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="217th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/218th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="218th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/219th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="219th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">219</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">220th – 229th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/221st_Security_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="221st Security Division (Wehrmacht)">221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/223rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="223rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/225th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="225th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/226th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="226th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/227th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="227th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/228th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="228th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">228</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">230th – 239th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/230th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="230th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/231st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="231st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/232nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="232nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/237th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="237th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/239th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="239th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">239</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">240th – 249th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/240th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="240th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/242nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="242nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/243rd_Static_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="243rd Static Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/244th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="244th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/245th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="245th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/246th_Volksgrenadier_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="246th Volksgrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)">246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/249th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="249th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">249</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">250th – 259th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Division" title="Blue Division">250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/251st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="251st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/252nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="252nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/253rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="253rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/254th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="254th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/255th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="255th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/256th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="256th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/257th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="257th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/258th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="258th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">258</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">260th – 269th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/260th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="260th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/262nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="262nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/263rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="263rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/264th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="264th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/265th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="265th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/266th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="266th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/267th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="267th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/268th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="268th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/269th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="269th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">269</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">270th – 279th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/270th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="270th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/271st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="271st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/272nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="272nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">272</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/273rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="273rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/274th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="274th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/275th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="275th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/276th_Volksgrenadier_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="276th Volksgrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)">276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/277th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="277th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">277</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/278th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="278th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/279th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="279th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">279</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">280th – 289th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/280th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="280th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/281st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="281st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/282nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="282nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/286th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="286th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">286</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">290th – 299th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/290th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="290th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/291st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="291st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/292nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="292nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">292</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/293rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="293rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/294th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="294th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/295th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="295th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/296th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="296th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/297th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="297th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/298th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="298th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">298</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/299th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="299th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">299</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="300th_–_399th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">300th – 399th</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="300th_–_309th" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300th – 309th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/301st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="301st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/302nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="302nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/303rd_Infantry_Division" title="303rd Infantry Division">303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/304th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="304th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/305th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="305th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/306th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="306th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/309th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="309th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">309</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">310th – 329th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/311th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="311th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">311</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/319th_Static_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="319th Static Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">319</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/320th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="320th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/321st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="321st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="323rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Division_Hamburg_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantry Division Hamburg (Wehrmacht)">324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_Division_J%C3%BCtland_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infantry Division Jütland (Wehrmacht)">325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/326th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="326th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/327th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="327th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/328th_Infantry_Division" title="328th Infantry Division">328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/329th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="329th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">329</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">330th – 339th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/330th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="330th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/331st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="331st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/332nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="332nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/333rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="333rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/334th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="334th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/335th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="335th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/336th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="336th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/337th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="337th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/338th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="338th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">338</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/339th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="339th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">339</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">340th – 349th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/340th_Volksgrenadier_Division" title="340th Volksgrenadier Division">340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/342nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="342nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">342</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/343rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="343rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">343</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/344th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="344th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/346th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="346th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/347th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="347th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/348th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="348th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">348</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/349th_Infantry_Division" title="349th Infantry Division">349</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">350th – 359th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/351st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="351st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/352nd_Infantry_Division" title="352nd Infantry Division">352</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/353rd_Infantry_Division" title="353rd Infantry Division">353</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/355th_Infantry_Division" title="355th Infantry Division">355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/356th_Infantry_Division" title="356th Infantry Division">356</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/357th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="357th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">357</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/358th_Infantry_Division" title="358th Infantry Division">358</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/359th_Infantry_Division" title="359th Infantry Division">359</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">360th – 369th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/361st_Infantry_Division" title="361st Infantry Division">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/362nd_Infantry_Division" title="362nd Infantry Division">362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/363rd_Infantry_Division" title="363rd Infantry Division">363</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/364th_Infantry_Division" title="364th Infantry Division">364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/365th_Infantry_Division" title="365th Infantry Division">365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/367th_Infantry_Division" title="367th Infantry Division">367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/369th_(Croatian)_Infantry_Division" title="369th (Croatian) Infantry Division">369</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">370th – 379th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/370th_Infantry_Division" title="370th Infantry Division">370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/371st_Infantry_Division" title="371st Infantry Division">371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/372nd_Infantry_Division" title="372nd Infantry Division">372</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/373rd_(Croatian)_Infantry_Division" title="373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division">373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/376th_Infantry_Division" title="376th Infantry Division">376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/377th_Infantry_Division" title="377th Infantry Division">377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/379th_Infantry_Division" title="379th Infantry Division">379</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">380th – 389th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/383rd_Infantry_Division" title="383rd Infantry Division">383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/384th_Infantry_Division" title="384th Infantry Division">384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/385th_Infantry_Division" title="385th Infantry Division">385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/387th_Infantry_Division" title="387th Infantry Division">387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/389th_Infantry_Division" title="389th Infantry Division">389</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">390th – 399th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/392nd_(Croatian)_Infantry_Division" title="392nd (Croatian) Infantry Division">392</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/393rd_Infantry_Division" title="393rd Infantry Division">393</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/395th_Infantry_Division" title="395th Infantry Division">395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/399th_Infantry_Division" title="399th Infantry Division">399</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="400th_–_719th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">400th – 719th</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="400th_–_499th" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">400th – 499th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/416th_Infantry_Division" title="416th Infantry Division">416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/430th_Infantry_Division" title="430th Infantry Division">430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/462nd_Volksgrenadier_Division" title="462nd Volksgrenadier Division">462</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500th – 599th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/395th_Infantry_Division" title="395th Infantry Division">521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/526th_Infantry_Division" title="526th Infantry Division">526</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/554th_Infantry_Division" title="554th Infantry Division">554</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/555th_Infantry_Division" title="555th Infantry Division">555</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/556th_Infantry_Division" title="556th Infantry Division">556</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/557th_Infantry_Division" title="557th Infantry Division">557</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">600th – 699th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/600th_Infantry_Division" title="600th Infantry Division">600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/606th_Infantry_Division" title="606th Infantry Division">606</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/650th_Infantry_Division" title="650th Infantry Division">650</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">700th – 709th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/702nd_Infantry_Division" title="702nd Infantry Division">702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/703rd_Infantry_Division" title="703rd Infantry Division">703</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/104th_J%C3%A4ger_Division" title="104th Jäger Division">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/707th_Infantry_Division" title="707th Infantry Division">707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/708th_Infantry_Division" title="708th Infantry Division">708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/709th_Infantry_Division" title="709th Infantry Division">709</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">710th – 719th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/710th_Infantry_Division" title="710th Infantry Division">710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/711th_Infantry_Division" title="711th Infantry Division">711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/712th_Infantry_Division" title="712th Infantry Division">712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/713th_Infantry_Division" title="713th Infantry Division">713</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/114th_J%C3%A4ger_Division" title="114th Jäger Division">714</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/715th_Infantry_Division" title="715th Infantry Division">715</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/716th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="716th Infantry Division">716</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/117th_J%C3%A4ger_Division" title="117th Jäger Division">717</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/118th_J%C3%A4ger_Division" title="118th Jäger Division">718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/719th_Infantry_Division" title="719th Infantry Division">719</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also</i>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_divisions_in_World_War_II" title="List of German divisions in World War II">List of German divisions in World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aufstellungswelle" title="Aufstellungswelle">Aufstellungswelle</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Knight&#039;s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_recipients_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Knight&#039;s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_recipients_of_the_44th_Infantry_Division" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a> recipients of the 44th Infantry Division</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Staf</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich-Anton_Deboi" title="Heinrich-Anton Deboi">Heinrich-Anton Deboi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-G%C3%BCnther_von_Rost" title="Hans-Günther von Rost">Hans-Günther von Rost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Siebert" title="Friedrich Siebert">Friedrich Siebert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Beyer_(general)" title="Franz Beyer (general)">Franz Beyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Eibl" title="Karl Eibl">Karl Eibl</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <small>(Oak Leaves & Swords)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Swords with the <a href="/wiki/385th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="385th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">385th Infantry Division</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nazi_war_crimes_in_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d7d7d7;background:#c3c3c3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazi_war_crimes_in_Italy" title="Template:Nazi war crimes in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nazi_war_crimes_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Nazi war crimes in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazi_war_crimes_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazi war crimes in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nazi_war_crimes_in_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Axis_war_crimes_in_Italy" title="Axis war crimes in Italy">Nazi war crimes in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_the_Italian_Social_Republic" title="List of massacres in the Italian Social Republic">Massacres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1943" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;">1943</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boves_massacre" title="Boves massacre">Boves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Maggiore_massacres" title="Lake Maggiore massacres">Lake Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiazzo_massacre" title="Caiazzo massacre">Caiazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisino_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisino massacre (page does not exist)">Pisino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietransieri_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietransieri massacre (page does not exist)">Pietransieri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;">1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monchio,_Susano_and_Costrignano_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monchio, Susano and Costrignano massacre (page does not exist)">Monchio, Susano and Costrignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeatine_massacre" title="Ardeatine massacre">Ardeatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_Ginny_I_and_II#Execution" title="Operations Ginny I and II">Ameglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragheto_massacre" title="Fragheto massacre">Fragheto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vallucciole_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vallucciole massacre (page does not exist)">Vallucciole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Centre_Lipa_Remembers" title="Memorial Centre Lipa Remembers">Lipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capistrello_massacre" title="Capistrello massacre">Capistrello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardistallo_massacre" title="Guardistallo massacre">Guardistallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Tasso_massacre" title="Piazza Tasso massacre">Piazza Tasso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piavola_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piavola massacre (page does not exist)">Piavola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_di_Stazzema_massacre" title="Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre">Sant'Anna di Stazzema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Terenzo_Monti_massacre" title="San Terenzo Monti massacre">San Terenzo Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padule_di_Fucecchio_massacre" title="Padule di Fucecchio massacre">Padule di Fucecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinca_massacre" title="Vinca massacre">Vinca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Leonardo_al_Frigido_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Leonardo al Frigido massacre (page does not exist)">San Leonardo al Frigido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_Farneta_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Certosa di Farneta massacre">Certosa di Farneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzabotto_massacre" title="Marzabotto massacre">Marzabotto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;">1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Martino_di_Lupari_massacre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Martino di Lupari massacre (page does not exist)">San Martino di Lupari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;width:1%">Perpetrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Individuals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germans_convicted_of_war_crimes_committed_in_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="List of Germans convicted of war crimes committed in Italy during World War II">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Andergassen" title="Heinrich Andergassen">Heinrich Andergassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bo%C3%9Fhammer" title="Friedrich Boßhammer">Friedrich Boßhammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Crasemann" title="Eduard Crasemann">Eduard Crasemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Dannecker" title="Theodor Dannecker">Theodor Dannecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Dostler" title="Anton Dostler">Anton Dostler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engel_(SS_officer)" title="Friedrich Engel (SS officer)">Friedrich Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hass" title="Karl Hass">Karl Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kappler" title="Herbert Kappler">Herbert Kappler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Kesselring" title="Albert Kesselring">Albert Kesselring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_von_Mackensen" title="Eberhard von Mackensen">Eberhard von Mackensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_M%C3%A4lzer" title="Kurt Mälzer">Kurt Mälzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Priebke" title="Erich Priebke">Erich Priebke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rauff" title="Walter Rauff">Walter Rauff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reder" title="Walter Reder">Walter Reder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_Saevecke" title="Theo Saevecke">Theo Saevecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Scheungraber" title="Josef Scheungraber">Josef Scheungraber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Seifert_(SS_guard)" title="Michael Seifert (SS guard)">Michael Seifert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Simon" title="Max Simon">Max Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Sommer" title="Gerhard Sommer">Gerhard Sommer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Titho" title="Karl Friedrich Titho">Karl Titho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wehrmacht_and_Waffen-SS_divisions_that_committed_war_crimes_in_Italy" title="List of Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS divisions that committed war crimes in Italy">Units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Waffen-SS" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;"><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Division_Leibstandarte" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Division Leibstandarte">SS Division Leibstandarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Division_Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Division Reichsführer-SS">SS Division Reichsführer-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Karstj%C3%A4ger" title="24th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Karstjäger">SS Volunteer Karstwehr Battalion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;"><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="3rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">3rd Panzergrenadier Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="5th Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">5th Mountain Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Panzergrenadier_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Panzergrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)">15th Panzergrenadier Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="16th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">16th Panzer-Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="23rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">26th Panzer Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="29th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">29th Panzergrenadier Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="34th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">34th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_J%C3%A4ger_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="42nd Jäger Division (Wehrmacht)">42nd Jäger Division</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">44th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="65th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">65th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="71st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">71st Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Light_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="90th Light Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">90th Panzergrenadier Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="92nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">92nd Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/94th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="94th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">94th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/114th_J%C3%A4ger_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="114th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht)">114th Jäger Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/148th_Reserve_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="148th Reserve Division (Wehrmacht)">148th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/162nd_Turkoman_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="162nd Turkoman Division">162nd Turkoman Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/232nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="232nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">232nd Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/278th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="278th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">278th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/305th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="305th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">305th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/334th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="334th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">334th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/356th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="356th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">356th Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/362nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="362nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">362nd Infantry Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;"><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Parachute_Division_(Germany)" title="1st Parachute Division (Germany)">1st Parachute Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Fallschirm-Panzer_Division_Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring">1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Parachute_Division_(Germany)" title="2nd Parachute Division (Germany)">2nd Parachute Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Parachute_Division_(Germany)" title="4th Parachute Division (Germany)">4th Parachute Division</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=19th_Luftwaffe_Field_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="19th Luftwaffe Field Division (page does not exist)">19th Luftwaffe Field Division</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Luftwaffe_Field_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Luftwaffe Field Division (page does not exist)">20th Luftwaffe Field Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">SS Police</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Police_Regiment_Alpine_Foothills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Police Regiment Alpine Foothills (page does not exist)">SS Police Regiment Alpine Foothills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Police_Regiment_Bozen" title="SS Police Regiment Bozen">SS Police Regiment Bozen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Police_Regiment_Schlanders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Police Regiment Schlanders (page does not exist)">SS Police Regiment Schlanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_SS_Police_Regiment" title="12th SS Police Regiment">12th SS Police Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_SS_Police_Regiment" title="15th SS Police Regiment">15th SS Police Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_SS_Police_Regiment" title="20th SS Police Regiment">20th SS Police Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army" title="National Republican Army">Italian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Police_Corps" title="Republican Police Corps">Republican Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Brigades" title="Black Brigades">Italian Black Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_%22Littorio%22" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Division "Littorio"">2nd Division "Littorio"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_%22San_Marco%22" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division "San Marco"">3rd Division "San Marco"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Division_%22Monterosa%22" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Division "Monterosa"">4th Division "Monterosa"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;">Doctrine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandenbek%C3%A4mpfung" title="Bandenbekämpfung">Bandenbekämpfung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;width:1%">Victims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Groups" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy#Twentieth_century" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Italian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Libya" title="The Holocaust in Libya">Libyan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_military_internees" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian military internees">Italian military internees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_de_Benedetti" title="Leonardo de Benedetti">Leonardo de Benedetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_the_family_of_Robert_Einstein" title="Murder of the family of Robert Einstein">Einstein family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Fornasini" title="Giovanni Fornasini">Giovanni Fornasini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Giglio" title="Maurizio Giglio">Maurizio Giglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Stephen_Hall" title="Roderick Stephen Hall">Roderick Stephen Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo_Levi" title="Primo Levi">Primo Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Ovazza" title="Ettore Ovazza">Ettore Ovazza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano_Transit_Camp" title="Bolzano Transit Camp">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_San_Dalmazzo_concentration_camp" title="Borgo San Dalmazzo concentration camp">Borgo San Dalmazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossoli_camp" title="Fossoli camp">Fossoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risiera_di_San_Sabba" title="Risiera di San Sabba">Risiera di San Sabba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Looting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Comunit%C3%A0_Israelitica" title="Biblioteca della Comunità Israelitica">Biblioteca della Comunità Israelitica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Institut_in_Florenz" title="Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz">Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;width:1%">Post-war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Togliatti_amnesty" title="Togliatti amnesty">Togliatti amnesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Cesi-Gaddi_war_crimes_archive" title="Palazzo Cesi-Gaddi war crimes archive">Palazzo Cesi-Gaddi war crimes archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_Compensation_Agreements_for_Victims_of_the_Nazi_Regime" title="Bilateral Compensation Agreements for Victims of the Nazi Regime">Bilateral Compensation Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisdictional_Immunities_of_the_State" title="Jurisdictional Immunities of the State">Jurisdictional Immunities of the State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d7d7d7"><div><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Italy" title="The Holocaust in Italy">The Holocaust in Italy</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234339#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234339#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234339#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&oldid=1256324339">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=44th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)&oldid=1256324339</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infantry_divisions_of_Germany_during_World_War_II" title="Category:Infantry divisions of Germany during World War II">Infantry divisions of Germany during World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1938" title="Category:Military units and formations established 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