Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="bTfdtJHReb7RKvyj9FNfxNWEOYKkfsXv7wdja9OLhbj1LxHOMeR5QguYc4hd4P7W"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="bTfdtJHReb7RKvyj9FNfxNWEOYKkfsXv7wdja9OLhbj1LxHOMeR5QguYc4hd4P7W"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="bTfdtJHReb7RKvyj9FNfxNWEOYKkfsXv7wdja9OLhbj1LxHOMeR5QguYc4hd4P7W"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="bTfdtJHReb7RKvyj9FNfxNWEOYKkfsXv7wdja9OLhbj1LxHOMeR5QguYc4hd4P7W"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="19363457"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3159&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=19363457&db=pubmed&nlmid=7610646" title="See full text options at Wolters Kluwer" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Wolters Kluwer" data-ga-label="19363457" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--tools.ovid.com-images-wklogo.jpg" alt="Wolters Kluwer full text link"><span class="text"> Wolters Kluwer </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/19363457/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/19363457/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="19363457" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F19363457%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="bTfdtJHReb7RKvyj9FNfxNWEOYKkfsXv7wdja9OLhbj1LxHOMeR5QguYc4hd4P7W"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a 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resources</option> </select> </nav> </div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details">   <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="publication-type" >Practice Guideline</div> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Spine" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Spine" data-pinger-ignore> Spine (Phila Pa 1976) </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Spine"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Spine+%28Phila+Pa+1976%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spine+%28Phila+Pa+1976%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Spine (Phila Pa 1976)" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Spine+%28Phila+Pa+1976%29%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2009 May 1;34(10):1066-77.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chou+R&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Roger Chou">Roger Chou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. chour@ohsu.edu" href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Loeser+JD&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="John D Loeser">John D Loeser</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Owens+DK&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Douglas K Owens">Douglas K Owens</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rosenquist+RW&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Richard W Rosenquist">Richard W Rosenquist</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Atlas+SJ&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Steven J Atlas">Steven J Atlas</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Baisden+J&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jamie Baisden">Jamie Baisden</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Carragee+EJ&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eugene J Carragee">Eugene J Carragee</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Grabois+M&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martin Grabois">Martin Grabois</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Murphy+DR&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Donald R Murphy">Donald R Murphy</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Resnick+DK&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Daniel K Resnick">Daniel K Resnick</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Stanos+SP&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Steven P Stanos">Steven P Stanos</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Shaffer+WO&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="William O Shaffer">William O Shaffer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wall+EM&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eric M Wall">Eric M Wall</a><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=American+Pain+Society+Low+Back+Pain+Guideline+Panel%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Panel">American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Panel</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/19363457/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span 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href="https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3181a1390d" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Practice Guideline</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Roger Chou</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Spine (Phila Pa 1976)<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2009">2009</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div 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href="/?term=%22Spine+%28Phila+Pa+1976%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Spine+%28Phila+Pa+1976%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Spine (Phila Pa 1976)" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Spine+%28Phila+Pa+1976%29%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2009 May 1;34(10):1066-77.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Chou+R&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Roger Chou">Roger Chou</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medicine, Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. chour@ohsu.edu" href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Loeser+JD&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="John D Loeser">John D Loeser</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Owens+DK&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Douglas K Owens">Douglas K Owens</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Rosenquist+RW&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Richard W Rosenquist">Richard W Rosenquist</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Atlas+SJ&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Steven J Atlas">Steven J Atlas</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Baisden+J&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jamie Baisden">Jamie Baisden</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Carragee+EJ&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eugene J Carragee">Eugene J Carragee</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Grabois+M&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Martin Grabois">Martin Grabois</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Murphy+DR&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Donald R Murphy">Donald R Murphy</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Resnick+DK&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Daniel K Resnick">Daniel K Resnick</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Stanos+SP&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Steven P Stanos">Steven P Stanos</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Shaffer+WO&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="William O Shaffer">William O Shaffer</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wall+EM&cauthor_id=19363457" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Eric M Wall">Eric M Wall</a><span class="semicolon">; </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=American+Pain+Society+Low+Back+Pain+Guideline+Panel%5BCorporate+Author%5D" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Panel">American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Panel</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Medicine, Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. chour@ohsu.edu</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">19363457</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e3181a1390d" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a1390d </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" 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id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Study design: </strong> Clinical practice guideline. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Objective: </strong> To develop evidence-based recommendations on use of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies, surgeries, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain of any duration, with or without leg pain. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Summary of background data: </strong> Management of patients with persistent and disabling low back pain remains a clinical challenge. A number of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies and surgery are available and their use is increasing, but in some cases their utility remains uncertain or controversial. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation has also been proposed as a potentially effective noninvasive intervention for persistent and disabling low back pain. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> A multidisciplinary panel was convened by the American Pain Society. Its recommendations were based on a systematic review that focused on evidence from randomized controlled trials. Recommendations were graded using methods adapted from the US Preventive Services Task Force and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> Investigators reviewed 3348 abstracts. A total of 161 randomized trials were deemed relevant to the recommendations in this guideline. The panel developed a total of 8 recommendations. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> Recommendations on use of interventional diagnostic tests and therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation are presented. Due to important trade-offs between potential benefits, harms, costs, and burdens of alternative therapies, shared decision-making is an important component of a number of the recommendations. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" data-ga-label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="linked-articles" id="linked-commentary"> <h2 class="title"> Comment in </h2> <ul class="item-list usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/20808199/" ref="article_id=20808199&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> Re: Chou R, Loeser JD,Owens DK, et al. Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society. Spine 2009; 34:1066–77. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Datta S, Manchikanti L.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Datta S, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Sep 1;35(19):1826; author reply 1826-7. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181edee83.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">20808199</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/21221057/" ref="article_id=21221057&linksrc=comments_link" data-ga-category="comment_correction" data-ga-action="abstract_page_link" data-ga-label="linked-commentary"> Letter to the editor: Re: Chou R, Loeser JD, Owens DK, et al. Interventional therapies, surgery and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society. Spine 2009;34:1066–77. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Chou R.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Chou R.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Apr 1;36(7):590. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31820e44ca.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">21221057</span></span> <span class="no-abstract spaced-citation-item citation-part">No abstract available.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/20808199/" ref="article_id=20808199&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="20808199" data-ga-label=""> Re: Chou R, Loeser JD,Owens DK, et al. 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Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society - PubMed