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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>World population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births_and_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births_and_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births and deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births_and_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nobel Prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fields_Medal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fields_Medal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fields Medal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fields_Medal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1990</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 200 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-200" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">200 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1990 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1990 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1990 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1990 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1990 сон – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1990 сон" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۹۰ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۹۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6" title="১৯৯০ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৯০" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_n%C3%AE" title="1990 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1990 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1990 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1990 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A9%E0%BC%A9%E0%BC%A0%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="༡༩༩༠ལོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༡༩༩༠ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990." title="1990. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1990." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1990 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1990 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B0" title="۱۹۹۰ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۹۰" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1990 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1990 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4" title="1990年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1990年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1990-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1990-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%EB%85%84" title="1990년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1990년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6" title="१९९० – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९९०" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990." title="1990. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1990." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6" title="মারি ১৯৯০ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৯০" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1990-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1990-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A6" title="೧೯೯೦ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೯೦" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1990 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1990 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1990 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1990 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1990-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1990-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1990 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1990 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B8" title="1990 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1990 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990._gads" title="1990. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1990. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1990 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1990 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_m." title="1990 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1990 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990moi" title="1990moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1990moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6" title="१९९० – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९९०" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6" title="इ.स. १९९० – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९९०" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B0" title="۱۹۹۰ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۹۰" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1990 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1990 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1990 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1990 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%89%E1%81%80" title="၁၉၉၀ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၉၀" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6" title="सन् १९९० – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सन् १९९०" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6" title="सन् १९९० – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १९९०" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4" title="1990年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1990年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1990 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1990 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A6" title="୧୯୯୦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୯୦" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6" title="१९९० – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९९०" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1990" title="Joohr 1990 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1990" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1990 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1990 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%D8%B9" title="1990ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1990ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A9%D9%A0" title="١٩٩٠ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٩٠" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990." title="1990. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1990." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1990 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1990 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2533" title="พ.ศ. 2533 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2533" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1990" title="Соли 1990 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1990" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1990 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1990 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%D8%A1" title="1990ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1990ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1990 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1990 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_nienz" title="1990 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1990 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4" title="一九九〇年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九九〇年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4" title="1990年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1990年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4" title="1990年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1990年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%E5%B9%B4" title="1990年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1990年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1990" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2064#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1990" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span id="1990-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1990</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1990">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1990">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1990">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1990">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1990">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1990">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1990">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1990">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1990">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1990">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1990">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1990">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1990_Events_Collage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1990_Events_Collage.png/330px-1990_Events_Collage.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1990_Events_Collage.png/500px-1990_Events_Collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/1990_Events_Collage.png/600px-1990_Events_Collage.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>From top-left, clockwise: the <a href="/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1990 FIFA World Cup">1990 FIFA World Cup</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and is won by <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a> is launched; The <i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i> image is taken by <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunify</a>; <a href="/wiki/British_police" class="mw-redirect" title="British police">British police</a> stand on-guard during the <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots" title="Poll tax riots">poll tax riots</a>; <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> under <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">invades</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>; an <a href="/wiki/1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake" title="1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake">earthquake</a> kills 35,000-50,000 people in northern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> is launched from the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1990. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/1990_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="1990 (disambiguation)">1990 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970s" title="1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s" title="2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s" title="2010s">2010s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1989">1989</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1990">1990</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1993">1993</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1990" title="Category:1990">1990 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Subject</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_animation" title="1990 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_archaeology" title="1990 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_architecture" title="1990 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_art" title="1990 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_aviation" title="1990 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_awards" title="Category:1990 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_comics" title="1990 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_film" title="1990 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_literature" title="1990 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_poetry" title="1990 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_meteorology" title="Category:1990 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_music" title="1990 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_country_music" title="1990 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_heavy_metal_music" title="1990 in heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 in hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_jazz" title="1990 in jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Latin_music" title="1990 in Latin music">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_rail_transport" title="1990 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_radio" title="1990 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_science" title="1990 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_spaceflight" title="1990 in spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_sports" title="1990 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_association_football" title="1990 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_television" title="1990 in television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_American_television" title="1990 in American television">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Australian_television" title="1990 in Australian television">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Belgian_television" title="1990 in Belgian television">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Brazilian_television" title="1990 in Brazilian television">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_British_television" title="1990 in British television">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Scottish_television" title="1990 in Scottish television">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Canadian_television" title="1990 in Canadian television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Danish_television" title="1990 in Danish television">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Irish_television" title="1990 in Irish television">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Italian_television" title="1990 in Italian television">Italian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_video_games" title="1990 in video games">Video games</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Afghanistan" title="1990 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Argentina" title="1990 in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Australia" title="1990 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Bangladesh" title="1990 in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Belgium" title="1990 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Brazil" title="1990 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Canada" title="1990 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_China" title="1990 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Colombia" title="1990 in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Denmark" title="1990 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Finland" title="1990 in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_France" title="1990 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Germany" title="1990 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_India" title="1990 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Ireland" title="1990 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Iran" title="1990 in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Israel" title="1990 in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Japan" title="1990 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Kuwait" title="1990 in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Luxembourg" title="1990 in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Malaysia" title="1990 in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Mexico" title="1990 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_the_Netherlands" title="1990 in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_New_Zealand" title="1990 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Norway" title="1990 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Pakistan" title="1990 in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Peru" title="1990 in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_the_Philippines" title="1990 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Portugal" title="1990 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Singapore" title="1990 in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_South_Africa" title="1990 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_South_Korea" title="1990 in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1990 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Sweden" title="1990 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Switzerland" title="1990 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Thailand" title="1990 in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Turkey" title="1990 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1990 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_the_United_States" title="1990 in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1990">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1990">Sovereign state leaders</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_in_law" title="Category:1990 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_births" title="Category:1990 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_deaths" title="Category:1990 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_establishments" title="Category:1990 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_disestablishments" title="Category:1990 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_works" title="Category:1990 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_introductions" title="Category:1990 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1990 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1990<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCMXC</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2743</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1439<br />ԹՎ ՌՆԼԹ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6740</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>146–147</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1911–1912</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1396–1397</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2940</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>38 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a> – 39 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2534</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1352</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7498–7499</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">己巳</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />4687 or 4480<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />庚午年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />4688 or 4481</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1706–1707</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3156</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1982–1983</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5750–5751</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>2046–2047</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1911–1912</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5090–5091</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11990</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>990–991</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1368–1369</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1410–1411</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Heisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Heisei">Heisei</a> 2<br />(平成２年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1922–1923</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>79</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4323</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a> 79<br />民國79年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>522</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2533</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴土蛇年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />2116 or 1735 or 963<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳金马年<br />(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />2117 or 1736 or 964</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></td><td>631152000 – 662687999</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1990" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1990">1990</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1990</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMXC</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Monday" title="Common year starting on Monday">common year starting on Monday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the 1990th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 990th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 90th year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 1st year of the <a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a> decade. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <p>Important events of 1990 include the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">Reunification of Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">unification of Yemen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the formal beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a> (finished in 2003), the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>, the separation of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> from South Africa, and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> declaring independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> during <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a>. <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">communist regime</a> collapses amidst increasing internal tensions and multiparty elections held within its constituent republics result in <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> governments being elected in most of the republics marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a>. Also in this year began the crisis that would lead to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> in 1991 following the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a> invasion and the largely internationally unrecognized annexation of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>. This led to <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War#Military_means" title="Gulf War">Operation Desert Shield</a> being enacted with an international coalition of military forces being built up on the Kuwaiti-Saudi border with demands for Iraq to peacefully withdraw from Kuwait. Also in this year, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> was released from prison, and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> resigned as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> after more than 11 years. </p><p>1990 was an important year in the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>'s early history. In late 1990, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> created the first <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> and the foundation for the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. Test operations began around December 20 and it was released outside <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1990 also saw the official decommissioning of the <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>, a forerunner of the Internet system and the introduction of the first content <a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">web search engine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archie_(search_engine)" title="Archie (search engine)">Archie</a>, on September 10.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>September 14, 1990, saw the first case of successful somatic <a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy" title="Gene therapy">gene therapy</a> on a patient.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession">early 1990s recession</a> that began that year and uncertainty due to the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> governments in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, birth rates in many countries stopped rising or fell steeply in 1990. In most western countries the <a href="/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">Echo Boom</a> peaked in 1990; <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">fertility rates</a> declined thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> becomes the first country in Eastern Europe to begin abolishing its <a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">state socialist</a> colonies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> begins its year as <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>.</li> <li>The first Internet companies catering to commercial users, <a href="/wiki/PSINet" title="PSINet">PSINet</a> and <a href="/wiki/EUnet" title="EUnet">EUnet</a> begin selling Internet access to commercial customers in the United States and Netherlands respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The comedy television series of <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Atkinson" title="Rowan Atkinson">Rowan Atkinson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Bean" title="Mr. Bean">Mr. Bean</a></i> first aired on <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> in the United Kingdom.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a>: General <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Noriega" title="Manuel Noriega">Manuel Noriega</a> is deposed as leader of <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> and surrenders to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">American forces</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>: In the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuania SSR</a>, 300,000 demonstrate for <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a>–<a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">19</a> – Most of the remaining 50,000 <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> are driven out of <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Baku_pogrom" title="Baku pogrom">Baku pogrom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">Douglas Wilder</a> becomes the first elected African American governor as he takes office in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">National Assembly of Bulgaria</a> votes to end <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one party rule</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Communist_Party" title="Bulgarian Communist Party">Bulgarian Communist Party</a>.</li> <li>Thousands storm the <a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a> in an attempt to view their government records.</li> <li>Martin Luther King Day Crash – Telephone service in Atlanta, St. Louis, and Detroit, including 9-1-1 service, goes down for nine hours, due to an AT&T software bug.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Black_January" title="Black January">Black January</a> – Soviet troops occupy <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic">Azerbaijan SSR</a>, under the state of emergency decree issued by <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_January#Death_toll" title="Black January">kill over 130 protesters</a> who were demonstrating for independence.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nakhichevan_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a> declares its independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>.</li> <li>Clashes break out between Indian troops and <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> separatists in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>.</li> <li>The government of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> declares a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>, under which it suspends civil liberties, imposes censorship, and arrests political opponents. The state of siege is lifted on January 29.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tappan_Morris" title="Robert Tappan Morris">Robert Tappan Morris</a> is convicted of releasing the <a href="/wiki/Morris_worm" title="Morris worm">Morris worm</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avianca_Flight_052" title="Avianca Flight 052">Avianca Flight 052</a> crashes into <a href="/wiki/Cove_Neck,_New_York" title="Cove Neck, New York">Cove Neck, New York</a> after a miscommunication between the flight crew and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">JFK Airport</a> officials, killing 73 people on board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> gives birth to a girl, becoming the first modern head of government to bear a child while in office.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> begins an eight-day tour of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a>–<a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Burns%27_Day_Storm" title="Burns' Day Storm">Burns' Day Storm</a> kills 97 in northwestern Europe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian SSR</a> briefly declares <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">independence</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – Four months after their exit from power, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a> votes to dissolve and reorganize as the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland">Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – The trial of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hazelwood" title="Joseph Hazelwood">Joseph Hazelwood</a>, former skipper of the <i><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez" title="Exxon Valdez">Exxon Valdez</a></i>, begins in <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a>. He is accused of negligence that resulted in America's <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill" title="Exxon Valdez oil spill">second worst oil spill</a> to date.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> in Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a> opens 8 months after construction began on May 3, 1989. 8 months later the first McDonald's in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> is opened in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald's_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald's-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>President of the United States <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> gives his first <a href="/wiki/1990_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1990 State of the Union Address">State of the Union address</a> and proposes that the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> make deep cuts to their military forces in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February/March – 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_Pandits" title="Kashmiri Pandits">Kashmiri Pandits</a> leave their homeland in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>'s Valley after being targeted by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamist extremists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February – <a href="/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking">Smoking</a> is banned on all cross-country flights in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a>: <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> <a href="/wiki/Speech_at_the_Opening_of_the_Parliament_of_South_Africa,_1990" title="Speech at the Opening of the Parliament of South Africa, 1990">announces</a> the unbanning of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> and promises to release <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> votes to end its monopoly of power, clearing the way for multiparty elections.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic">Tajik SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_Dushanbe_riots" title="1990 Dushanbe riots">rioting breaks out</a> against the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> there.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/ADtranz_low_floor_tram" title="ADtranz low floor tram">ADtranz low floor tram</a> world's first completely <a href="/wiki/Low-floor_tram" title="Low-floor tram">low-floor tram</a> introduced in <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces_bowling_alley_massacre" title="Las Cruces bowling alley massacre">Las Cruces bowling alley massacre</a>: 2 people walked into the 10 Pin Alley in <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces, New Mexico</a>, (known then as the Las Cruces <a href="/wiki/Bowl" title="Bowl">Bowl</a>) and shot seven people, four of whom were killed. The case is currently unsolved.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> is released from <a href="/wiki/Victor_Verster_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Verster Prison">Victor Verster Prison</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa, after 27 years behind bars.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – Representatives of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> meet in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> for an <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_Open_Skies" title="Treaty on Open Skies">"Open Skies" conference</a>. The conference results in agreements about <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">superpower</a> troop levels in Europe and on <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>: An agreement is reached for a two-stage plan to reunite <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drexel_Burnham_Lambert" title="Drexel Burnham Lambert">Drexel Burnham Lambert</a> files for bankruptcy protection, <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code" title="Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code">Chapter 11</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a> photograph of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> is sent back from the <i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i> probe after completing its primary mission, from around 5.6 billion kilometers (3.5 billion miles) away.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Airlines_Flight_605" title="Indian Airlines Flight 605">Indian Airlines Flight 605</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320-231" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A320-231">Airbus A320-231</a> registered as VT-EPN, crashes shortly before landing killing 92 out of the 146 occupants onboard.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> restore diplomatic relations after 8 years. The UK had severed ties in response to Argentina's <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">invasion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>, a <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Dependent Territory</a>, in <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena, Colombia</a>, a summit is held between <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bolivia" title="President of Bolivia">President of Bolivia</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Paz_Zamora" title="Jaime Paz Zamora">Jaime Paz Zamora</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> <a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Barco_Vargas" title="Virgilio Barco Vargas">Virgilio Barco Vargas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">President of Peru</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Alan García">Alan García</a>. The leaders pledge additional cooperation in fighting international drug trafficking.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sandinistas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandinistas">Sandinistas</a> are defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaraguan</a> <a href="/wiki/1990_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1990 Nicaraguan general election">elections</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Violeta Chamorro</a> elected as the new <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Nicaragua">president of Nicaragua</a> (the first elected woman president in the Americas), replacing <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> agrees to withdraw all 73,500 troops from <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> by July, <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill" title="Exxon Valdez oil spill">Exxon <i>Valdez</i> oil spill</a>: <a href="/wiki/Exxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon">Exxon</a> and its shipping company are indicted on 5 criminal counts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega announces a cease-fire with the U.S.-backed <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">contras</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> <ul><li>A fire at the <a href="/wiki/Sheraton_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheraton Hotel">Sheraton Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, kills 16 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jackson_Games" title="Steve Jackson Games">Steve Jackson Games</a> is raided by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">U.S. Secret Service</a>, prompting the later formation of the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a> discontinues its daily <a href="/wiki/Rum_ration" title="Rum ration">rum ration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Lacalle" title="Luis Alberto Lacalle">Luis Alberto Lacalle</a>, a grandson of the late politician and diplomat <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alberto_de_Herrera" title="Luis Alberto de Herrera">Luis Alberto de Herrera</a>, is sworn in as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Uruguay" title="President of Uruguay">President of Uruguay</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/ITASE" title="ITASE">International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition</a>, a group of six explorers from six nations, completes the first <a href="/wiki/Dog_sled" title="Dog sled">dog sled</a> crossing of Antarctica.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_World_Championships" title="Nintendo World Championships">Nintendo World Championships</a> were held within the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Park" title="Fair Park">Fair Park's Automobile Building</a>, kickstarting an almost year long gaming competition across 29 American cities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> <ul><li>Police seal off <a href="/wiki/Brixton" title="Brixton">Brixton</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_London" title="South London">South London</a> after another <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots" title="Poll tax riots">night of protests</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll tax</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Wells_(politician)" title="Clyde Wells (politician)">Clyde Wells</a> confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake Accord</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prosper_Avril" title="Prosper Avril">Prosper Avril</a> is ousted in a <a href="/wiki/September_1988_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="September 1988 Haitian coup d'état">coup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, eighteen months after seizing power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian SSR</a> declares independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a>–<a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/March_1990_Central_United_States_tornado_outbreak" title="March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak">March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak</a> produces 64 tornadoes across six <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">US states</a>, including four violent <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F4</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F5</a> tornadoes. The outbreak leaves 2 dead, 89 injured, and causes over $500 million in damages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: Soviet soldiers begin leaving Hungary under terms of an agreement to withdraw all Soviet troops by June 1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a> approves changes to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Constitution of the Soviet Union">Constitution of the Soviet Union</a> to create a strong <a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">U.S.-style presidency</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> is elected to a five-year term as the first-ever <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">President of the Soviet Union</a> on March 15.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a> hangs Iranian journalist <a href="/wiki/Farzad_Bazoft" title="Farzad Bazoft">Farzad Bazoft</a> for spying. Daphne Parish, a British nurse, is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment as an accomplice.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> announces that <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>'s declaration of independence is invalid.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Collor_de_Mello" title="Fernando Collor de Mello">Fernando Collor de Mello</a> takes office as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>'s first democratically elected president since <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A2nio_Quadros" title="Jânio Quadros">Jânio Quadros</a> in <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>. The next day, he announces a currency freeze and freezes large bank accounts for 18 months.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> <ul><li>Twelve paintings and a <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a> vase, collectively worth $100 to $300 million, are <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum_theft" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft">stolen</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> by two thieves posing as police officers. This is the largest <a href="/wiki/Art_theft" title="Art theft">art theft</a> in US history, and the paintings (as of May 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) have not been recovered.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> holds its first <a href="/wiki/1990_East_German_general_election" title="1990 East German general election">free elections</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a>–<a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_clashes_of_T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș">Skirmishes between Romanians and Hungarians</a>, also known as the ”Black March” events, take place in the city of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Târgu Mureș">Târgu Mureș</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, leaving five people dead.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dutceac_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutceac-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>'s widow, <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a>, goes on trial for <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzlement</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Racketeering" title="Racketeering">racketeering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – After 75 years of <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South African rule</a> since <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> becomes independent.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/1990_Australian_federal_election" title="1990 Australian federal election">1990 Australian federal election</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> <a href="/wiki/Hawke_government" title="Hawke government">government</a> is re-elected with a reduced majority, narrowly defeating the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National</a> <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Peacock" title="Andrew Peacock">Andrew Peacock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> <ul><li>In New York City, a fire due to <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a> at an illegal <a href="/wiki/Social_club" title="Social club">social club</a> called "<a href="/wiki/Happy_Land_fire" title="Happy Land fire">Happy Land</a>" kills 87 people.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Runcie" title="Robert Runcie">Robert Runcie</a> announces his intention to retire at the end of the year.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Hungarian_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Hungarian parliamentary election">Hungarian parliamentary election</a>, Hungary's first multiparty election since <a href="/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Democratic_Forum" title="Hungarian Democratic Forum">Hungarian Democratic Forum</a> wins the most seats.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/62nd_Academy_Awards" title="62nd Academy Awards">62nd Academy Awards</a>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Billy_Crystal" title="Billy Crystal">Billy Crystal</a>, are held at the <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Chandler_Pavilion" title="Dorothy Chandler Pavilion">Dorothy Chandler Pavilion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, with <i><a href="/wiki/Driving_Miss_Daisy" title="Driving Miss Daisy">Driving Miss Daisy</a></i> winning <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_27" title="March 27">March 27</a> – The United States begins broadcasting <a href="/wiki/Radio_y_Televisi%C3%B3n_Mart%C3%AD" title="Radio y Televisión Martí">Radio y Televisión Martí</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> posthumously awards <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a> the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>: After its <a href="/wiki/1990_Estonian_Supreme_Soviet_election" title="1990 Estonian Supreme Soviet election">first free elections</a> on March 18, the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a> declares the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Soviet rule to have been illegal since 1940</a> and declares a transition period for full independence.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_riots#Protest_in_Trafalgar_Square" title="Poll tax riots">The Second Battle of Trafalgar</a>": A massive anti-<a href="/wiki/Poll_tax" title="Poll tax">poll tax</a> demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, London, turns into a riot; 471 people are injured, and 341 are arrested.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)" title="Poll tax (Great Britain)">Community Charge</a> (poll tax) takes effect in England and Wales amid widespread protests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangeways_Prison_riot" title="Strangeways Prison riot">Strangeways Prison riot</a>: The longest prison riot in Britain's history begins at <a href="/wiki/Strangeways_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Strangeways Prison">Strangeways Prison</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, and continues for 3 weeks and 3 days, until <a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990 United States census</a> begins. There are 248,709,873 residents in the U.S.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mapplethorpe" title="Robert Mapplethorpe">Robert Mapplethorpe</a>'s "The Perfect Moment" show of nude and homoerotic photographs opens at the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Arts_Center" title="Contemporary Arts Center">Contemporary Arts Center</a>, in spite of accusations of indecency by <a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Community_Values" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizens for Community Values">Citizens for Community Values</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Poindexter" title="John Poindexter">John Poindexter</a> is found guilty of 5 charges for his part in the scandal; the convictions are later reversed on appeal.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MS_Scandinavian_Star" title="MS Scandinavian Star">MS Scandinavian Star</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a>-registered ferry, catches fire en route from Norway to Denmark, leaving 158 dead.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birendra_of_Nepal" title="Birendra of Nepal">Birendra of Nepal</a> lifts a ban on political parties following violent protests.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Greek_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Greek legislative election">Greek legislative election</a>, the conservative <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a> wins the most seats in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Hellenic Parliament</a>; its leader, <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a>, becomes <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a> on April 11.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Socialist Republic of Slovenia</a> holds Yugoslavia's <a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Slovenian parliamentary election">first multiparty election since 1938</a>. After the election, a center-right coalition led by <a href="/wiki/Lojze_Peterle" title="Lojze Peterle">Lojze Peterle</a> forms Yugoslavia's first non-Communist government since <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/C/1989_X1_(Austin)" title="C/1989 X1 (Austin)">Comet Austin</a> makes its closest approach to the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lothar_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Lothar de Maizière">Lothar de Maizière</a> becomes prime minister of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>, heading a <a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition_(Germany)" title="Grand coalition (Germany)">grand coalition</a> that favors <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> apologizes for the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Junk_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Junk bond">Junk bond</a> financier <a href="/wiki/Michael_Milken" title="Michael Milken">Michael Milken</a> pleaded guilty to fraud-related charges. He agreed to pay US$500 million in restitution and was sentenced on <a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> to 10 years in jail.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – 17-year-old <a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Christopher_Kerze" title="Disappearance of Christopher Kerze">Christopher Kerze</a> goes missing in <a href="/wiki/Eagan,_Minnesota" title="Eagan, Minnesota">Eagan, Minnesota</a>. He remains missing as of May 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – Japanese <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshio_Tani" class="extiw" title="fi:Yoshio Tani">Yoshio Tani</a>, M.Sc. murders gold merchant Turkka Elovirta and businessman Juhani Komulainen in <a href="/wiki/Siuntio" title="Siuntio">Siuntio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, having convinced them to buy a nonexistent 500 kilogram stash of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_gold" title="Nazi gold">Nazi gold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis" title="Lebanon hostage crisis">Lebanon hostage crisis</a>: Lebanese kidnappers release American educator Robert Polhill, who had been held hostage since January 1987.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Day#Earth_Day_1990_to_1999" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a> 20 is celebrated by millions worldwide.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: West Germany and <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> agree to merge currency and economies on <a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/STS-31" title="STS-31">STS-31</a></i>: The <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> is launched aboard <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Zaire" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Zaire">President of Zaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Mobutu Sese Seko</a> lifts a 20-year ban on opposition parties.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Violeta Chamorro</a> is sworn in as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Nicaragua">President of Nicaragua</a>, the first woman elected (February 25) in her own right as a head of state in the Americas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – A <a href="/wiki/1990_Gonghe_earthquake" title="1990 Gonghe earthquake">7.0 earthquake</a> shakes the Chinese province of <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> leaving 126 dead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis" title="Lebanon hostage crisis">Lebanon hostage crisis</a>: Lebanese kidnappers release American educator Frank H. Reed, who had been held hostage since September <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – The former <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_Philippines" title="Episcopal Church in the Philippines">Episcopal Church in the Philippines</a> (supervised by the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a>) is granted full autonomy and raised to the state of an Autocephalous <a href="/wiki/Anglican_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican province">Anglican province</a> and renamed the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Church of the Philippines">Episcopal Church of the Philippines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – In London, a man brandishing a knife robs a courier of <a href="/wiki/Bearer_bond" title="Bearer bond">bearer bonds</a> worth £292 million (the second largest <a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">mugging</a> to date).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">4</a> – First talks between the government of South Africa and the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Latvian SSR</a> declares independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a> restores the formal name of the country, the Republic of Estonia, as well as other national emblems (<a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia" title="Coat of arms of Estonia">the coat of arms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Estonia" title="Flag of Estonia">the flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">the anthem</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_%C3%81ngel_Calder%C3%B3n_Fournier" title="Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier">Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier</a> assumes office as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Costa_Rica" title="President of Costa Rica">President of Costa Rica</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – In South Korea, police battle anti-government protesters in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> and two other cities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Calment" title="Jeanne Calment">Jeanne Calment</a> surpasses Augusta Holtz to become the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_verified_oldest_people" title="List of the verified oldest people">oldest verified person ever</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, gunmen kill two <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> airmen near <a href="/wiki/Clark_Air_Base" title="Clark Air Base">Clark Air Base</a> on the eve of talks between the Philippines and the United States over the future of American military bases in the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dinamo%E2%80%93Red_Star_riot" title="Dinamo–Red Star riot">Dinamo–Red Star riot</a> took place at <a href="/wiki/Stadion_Maksimir" title="Stadion Maksimir">Stadion Maksimir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Bad_Blue_Boys" title="Bad Blue Boys">Bad Blue Boys</a> (fans of <a href="/wiki/GNK_Dinamo_Zagreb" title="GNK Dinamo Zagreb">GNK Dinamo Zagreb</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Delije" title="Delije">Delije</a> (fans of <a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade" title="Red Star Belgrade">Red Star Belgrade</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>: The pro-<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Intermovement" title="Intermovement">Intermovement</a> attempts to take power in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonia</a>, but are forced down by local Estonians.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet" title="Portrait of Dr. Gachet">Portrait of Dr. Gachet</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> is sold for a record <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">$82.5 million</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> removes <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> from its list of diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>: <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> sign a treaty to merge their economic and social systems, effective July 1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – The US and the USSR agree to end production of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical weapons</a> and to destroy most of their stockpiles of chemical weapons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: The first <a href="/wiki/Post-communism" title="Post-communism">post-Communist</a> presidential and parliamentary elections are held in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, a Kashmiri Islamic leader is assassinated and Indian security forces open fire on mourners carrying his body, killing at least 47 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: The leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic">Yemen Arab Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">People's Democratic Republic of Yemen</a> announce the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">unification</a> of their countries as the <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Republic of Yemen</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Myanmar_general_election" title="1990 Myanmar general election">Burmese general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a>'s first multiparty election in 30 years, the <a href="/wiki/National_League_for_Democracy" title="National League for Democracy">National League for Democracy</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> wins in a landslide, but the <a href="/wiki/State_Peace_and_Development_Council" title="State Peace and Development Council">State Law and Order Restoration Council</a> nullifies the election results.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Colombian_presidential_election" title="1990 Colombian presidential election">Colombian presidential election</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gaviria" title="César Gaviria">César Gaviria</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a>; he takes office on August 7.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/1990_Arab_League_summit_(Baghdad)" title="1990 Arab League summit (Baghdad)">1990 Arab League summit</a>: Saddam Hussein receives the emir of Kuwait for a diplomatic visit, at a time where his country and its decent oil revenues were being pushed into bankruptcy by Kuwait's lowering of the price of oil. A dictator with ambitions, Saddam wanted to continue increasing his military strength, and so confronted Kuwait instead. After the public events, Hussein invited Arab leaders to a private meeting. Here, he threatened war on Kuwait unless Kuwait stopped lowering the price of oil, recalls then-Iraqi foreign minister Tariq Aziz.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> for a 29-hour visit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> is elected as the first ever elected president of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (EBRD) is founded.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> begin a <a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_(1990)" title="Washington Summit (1990)">four-day summit</a> meeting in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> and Soviet President <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> sign a <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> to end <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical weapon</a> production and begin destroying their respective stocks.</li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> shoot and kill Major Michael Dillon-Lee and Private William Robert Davies of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>. Dillon-Lee is killed outside his home in <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, Germany and Davies is killed at a railway station in <a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a>, England.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/June_1990_Lower_Ohio_Valley_tornado_outbreak" title="June 1990 Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak">Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak</a> spawns 88 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12; 37 tornadoes occur in Indiana, eclipsing the previous record of 21 during the <a href="/wiki/1974_Super_Outbreak" title="1974 Super Outbreak">1974 Super Outbreak</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – Violence breaks out in the <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Kirghiz SSR</a> between the majority <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a> and minority <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> over the distribution of homestead land.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Alexy_II_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow">Alexy of Moscow</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Moscow_and_all_Rus%27" title="Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'">Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1990 FIFA World Cup">1990 FIFA World Cup</a> begins in Italy. This was the first broadcast of digital <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> in history; Europe would not begin HDTV broadcasting en masse until <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a> ends 88 days with only an acting government by forming a coalition of right-wing and religious parties led by Shamir's <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> party.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">9</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Czechoslovak_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Czechoslovak parliamentary election">Czechoslovakian parliamentary election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>'s first free election since 1946, the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Forum" title="Civic Forum">Civic Forum</a> wins the most seats but fails to secure a majority.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mega_Borg_oil_spill" title="Mega Borg oil spill"><i>Mega Borg</i> oil spill</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> near <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">President of Peru</a>; he takes office on July 28.</li> <li>First round of the <a href="/wiki/1990_Bulgarian_Constitutional_Assembly_election" title="1990 Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election">Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election</a> sees the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Socialist_Party" title="Bulgarian Socialist Party">Bulgarian Socialist Party</a> win a majority. The second round of voting is held June 17.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war#Eelam_War_II_(1990–1995)" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam" title="Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam">Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam</a> <a href="/wiki/1990_massacre_of_Sri_Lankan_Police_officers" title="1990 massacre of Sri Lankan Police officers">massacre</a> over 600 unarmed police officers in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Eastern Province, Sri Lanka">Eastern Province</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_of_Russia" title="Congress of People's Deputies of Russia">Congress of People's Deputies of Russia</a> formally <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_State_Sovereignty_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">declares</a> its sovereignty.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Algerian_local_elections" title="1990 Algerian local elections">Algerian local elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>'s first multiparty election since <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Front" title="Islamic Salvation Front">Islamic Salvation Front</a> wins control of more than half of municipalities and 32 of Algeria's 48 provinces.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: The destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> by <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> officially starts, 7 months after it was opened the previous November.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">15</a> – <a href="/wiki/June_1990_Mineriad" title="June 1990 Mineriad">June 1990 Mineriad</a>: Clashes break out in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> between supporters and opponents of the ruling <a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Romania)" title="National Salvation Front (Romania)">National Salvation Front</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/1990_Panay_earthquake" title="1990 Panay earthquake">1990 Panay earthquake</a>: An earthquake measuring <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave mag.">M<sub>s</sub></span></a>7.1 struck <a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, killing 8 and injuring 41.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Regulation" title="Dublin Regulation">Dublin Regulation</a> on treatment of applications for <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">right of asylum</a> under <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law</a> agreed (comes into force <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> tours North America, visiting 3 Canadian and 8 U.S. cities.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</a> holds its inaugural conference in Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – The 7.4 M<sub>w</sub>  <a href="/wiki/1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake" title="1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake">Manjil–Rudbar earthquake</a> affects northern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> with a maximum <a href="/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercalli intensity scale">Mercalli intensity</a> of X (<i>Extreme</i>), killing 35,000–50,000, and injuring 60,000–105,000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Checkpoint_Charlie" title="Checkpoint Charlie">Checkpoint Charlie</a> is dismantled.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – In Canada, the <a href="/wiki/Meech_Lake_Accord" title="Meech Lake Accord">Meech Lake Accord</a> of <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> dies after the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a> legislatures fail to approve it ahead of the deadline.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Margaret_Brown" title="Kathleen Margaret Brown">Kathleen Margaret Brown</a> and Irene Templeton are ordained as priests in St Anne's Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>, becoming the first female <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> priests in the United Kingdom.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>: <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/German_reunification#Economic_merger" title="German reunification">merge their economies</a>, the West German <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Mark</a> becoming the official currency of the East also. The <a href="/wiki/Inner_German_border" title="Inner German border">Inner German border</a> (constructed <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>) also ceases to function.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Mecca_tunnel_tragedy" title="1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy">1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy</a>: A stampede in a pedestrian tunnel leading to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> kills 1,426.</li> <li>A U.S. District Court acquits <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> on racketeering and fraud charges.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, riots erupt against the <a href="/wiki/Kenya_African_National_Union" title="Kenya African National Union">Kenya African National Union</a>'s monopoly on power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">President of Bulgaria</a> <a href="/wiki/Petar_Mladenov" title="Petar Mladenov">Petar Mladenov</a> resigns over accusations that he ordered tanks to disperse anti-government protests in December <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Somali Democratic Republic">Somali</a> President <a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Siad Barre</a>'s bodyguards massacre anti-government demonstrators during a soccer match; 65 people are killed, more than 300 seriously injured.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">8</a> – In tennis, <a href="/wiki/Martina_Navratilova" title="Martina Navratilova">Martina Navratilova</a> of the United States wins the <a href="/wiki/1990_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_singles" title="1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles">1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Edberg" title="Stefan Edberg">Stefan Edberg</a> of Sweden wins the <a href="/wiki/1990_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles" title="1990 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles">1990 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="1990 FIFA World Cup final">1990 FIFA World Cup final</a> (Association football): <a href="/wiki/Germany_national_football_team" title="Germany national football team">West Germany</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Argentina_national_football_team" title="Argentina national football team">Argentina</a> 1–0 to win the <a href="/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1990 FIFA World Cup">1990 FIFA World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At 12:34:56 (a.m. and p.m.), the date and time using American formats was 12:34:56, 7/8/90 (1234567890). The next such event will occur on July 8, 2090.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a>–<a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/16th_G7_summit" title="16th G7 summit">16th G7 summit</a> is held in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – Terrorists blow up a passenger bus travelling from <a href="/wiki/Kalbajar" title="Kalbajar">Kalbajar</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tartar_District" title="Tartar District">Tartar</a> in Azerbaijan. 14 people are killed, 35 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-supremecourt.gov.az_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supremecourt.gov.az-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Foster_v_British_Gas_plc" title="Foster v British Gas plc">Foster v British Gas plc</a></i> decided in the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice" title="European Court of Justice">European Court of Justice</a>, a leading case on the definition of the "state" under <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Lenin_Peak_disaster" title="Lenin Peak disaster">Lenin Peak disaster</a> occurs when an earthquake triggers an avalanche in the <a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a> with the loss of 43 lives.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Luzon_earthquake" title="1990 Luzon earthquake">1990 Luzon earthquake</a>: An earthquake measuring <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a>7.7 kills more than 2,400 in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>By the end of June, Saddam and his lieutenants suspect a conspiracy against Iraq, devised by Kuwait and orchestrated by the US. Earlier in July they threaten invasion on Kuwait unless $10 billion is sent to Iraq from Kuwait. When Kuwait refuses, on July 16, Iraqi forces begin to gather in southern Iraq near the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – First round of the <a href="/wiki/1990_Mongolian_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Mongolian parliamentary election">Mongolian parliamentary election</a>, the first multiparty ever held in <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolia</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Party" title="Mongolian People's Party">Mongolian People's Party</a> wins by a wide margin after the second round of voting on July 29.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Carey" title="George Carey">George Carey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Bath_and_Wells" title="Bishop of Bath and Wells">Bishop of Bath and Wells</a>, is named as the new <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> in the Church of England.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Serb_Democratic_Party_(Croatia)" title="Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)">Serb Democratic Party (Croatia)</a> declares the <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a> infamously sings "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" extremely poorly, causing controversy.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act</a>, designed to protect disabled Americans from discrimination.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> <ul><li>The parliament building and a government television house in <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> are stormed by the <a href="/wiki/Jamaat_al_Muslimeen" title="Jamaat al Muslimeen">Jamaat al Muslimeen</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a> attempt which lasts five days. Approximately 26 to 30 people are killed and several are wounded (including the <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="List of prime ministers of Trinidad and Tobago">prime minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._N._R._Robinson" title="A. N. R. Robinson">A. N. R. Robinson</a>, who is shot in the leg).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Belarus</a> declares its sovereignty, a key step toward independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">president of Peru</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – British politician and former Member of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Ian_Gow" title="Ian Gow">Ian Gow</a> is assassinated by a <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bomb</a> outside his home in England.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">National Assembly of Bulgaria</a> elects <a href="/wiki/Zhelyu_Zhelev" title="Zhelyu Zhelev">Zhelyu Zhelev</a> as the first non-Communist <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">President of Bulgaria</a> in 40 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELCOM" title="RELCOM">RELCOM</a> is created in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> by combining several computer networks. Later in August, the Soviet Union got its first connection to the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">invades Kuwait</a>, eventually leading to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.</li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban" title="Smoking ban">ban of smoking</a> in bars in the US (and possibly the world) is passed in <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo,_California" title="San Luis Obispo, California">San Luis Obispo, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>: With <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_661" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 661">United Nations Security Council Resolution 661</a> the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> orders a global <a href="/wiki/Trade_embargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade embargo">trade embargo</a> against <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a> in response to its invasion of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ishaq_Khan" title="Ghulam Ishaq Khan">Ghulam Ishaq Khan</a> dismisses <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>, accusing her of corruption and abuse of power.</li> <li>The South African government and ANC begin talks on ending <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> <ul><li>Iraq announces its formal annexation of Kuwait.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Peru" title="Government of Peru">government of Peru</a> announces an austerity plan that results in huge increases in the price of food and gasoline. The plan sets off days of rioting and a national strike on August 21.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and 10 other <a href="/wiki/Arab_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab states">Arab states</a> vote to send military forces to Saudi Arabia to discourage an invasion from Iraq.</li> <li>A passenger bus, traveling along the route "Tbilisi-Agdam", is blown up; 20 people died and 30 were injured. The organizers of the crime were <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Armenians</a> A. Avanesian and M. Tatevosian who were brought to criminal trial.<sup id="cite_ref-supremecourt.gov.az_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supremecourt.gov.az-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> <ul><li>In South Africa, fighting breaks out between the <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">Xhosa people</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu people</a>; more than 500 people are killed by the end of August.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sue_(dinosaur)" title="Sue (dinosaur)">Sue</a>", the best preserved <i><a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">Tyrannosaurus rex</a></i> specimen ever found, is discovered near <a href="/wiki/Faith,_South_Dakota" title="Faith, South Dakota">Faith, South Dakota</a>, United States, by <a href="/wiki/Sue_Hendrickson" title="Sue Hendrickson">Sue Hendrickson</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – In Latvia, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Tsoi" title="Viktor Tsoi">Viktor Tsoi</a>, co-founder and lead singer of the Soviet rock band <a href="/wiki/Kino_(band)" title="Kino (band)">Kino</a>, dies in a car accident on the <a href="/wiki/Sloka,_Latvia" title="Sloka, Latvia">Sloka</a>–<a href="/wiki/Talsi" title="Talsi">Talsi</a> highway.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> send <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeepers</a> to intervene in the <a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> announce they will unite on <a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenian SSR</a> declares its independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Brian_Keenan_(writer)" title="Brian Keenan (writer)">Brian Keenan</a> is released from <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> after being held <a href="/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis" title="Lebanon hostage crisis">hostage</a> for nearly 5 years.</li> <li>Indonesian commercial television network <a href="/wiki/SCTV_(TV_network)" title="SCTV (TV network)">SCTV</a> was established as the nation's third television station after <a href="/wiki/RCTI" title="RCTI">RCTI</a>, and also debuted as local television channel in <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>. During its earlier days, SCTV was the rival for <a href="/wiki/RCTI" title="RCTI">RCTI</a>, the first commercial television network. SCTV began broadcasting nationwide from Jakarta by <a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a>, <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, protesters set fire to the headquarters of the governing <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Socialist_Party" title="Bulgarian Socialist Party">Bulgarian Socialist Party</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1990_Plainfield_tornado" title="1990 Plainfield tornado">Plainfield Tornado</a> (F5 on the <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a>) strikes the towns of <a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_Illinois" title="Plainfield, Illinois">Plainfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crest_Hill,_Illinois" title="Crest Hill, Illinois">Crest Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet, Illinois</a>, killing 29 people (the strongest tornado to date to strike the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> visits <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pridnestrovian_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Transnistria</a> declares its independence from the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavian SSR</a>; however, the declaration is not recognized by any government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Palmer_(politician)" title="Geoffrey Palmer (politician)">Geoffrey Palmer</a> resigns as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> and is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Mike Moore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">Premier of North Korea</a> <a href="/wiki/Yon_Hyong-muk" title="Yon Hyong-muk">Yon Hyong-muk</a> meets with <a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President of South Korea</a> <a href="/wiki/Roh_Tae-woo" title="Roh Tae-woo">Roh Tae-woo</a>, the highest level contact between leaders of the two Koreas since <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>: Sri Lankan Army soldiers <a href="/wiki/Eastern_University_massacre" title="Eastern University massacre">massacre</a> 158 civilians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Peace_and_Development_Council" title="State Peace and Development Council">State Law and Order Restoration Council</a> orders the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> and five other political dissidents.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> <ul><li>U.S. President Bush and Soviet President Gorbachev meet in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> to discuss the Persian Gulf crisis.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberian</a> president <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Doe" title="Samuel Doe">Samuel Doe</a> is captured by rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Prince_Johnson" title="Prince Johnson">Prince Johnson</a> and killed in a filmed execution.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan Civil War</a>: Sri Lankan Army soldiers <a href="/wiki/1990_Batticaloa_massacre" title="1990 Batticaloa massacre">massacre</a> 184 civilians in <a href="/wiki/Batticaloa" title="Batticaloa">Batticaloa</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Hut" title="Pizza Hut">Pizza Hut</a> opens up in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newsbank1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsbank1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>: U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraqi</a> soldiers from <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>.</li> <li>First <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Hut" title="Pizza Hut">Pizza Hut</a> opens in the People's Republic of China, nearly 3 years after the first <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a> opened there in <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newsbank1_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsbank1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: The two German states and the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council" title="Allied Control Council">Four Powers</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a> in Moscow, paving the way for <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>.</li> <li>A judge in Australia orders the arrest of media tycoon <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Skase" title="Christopher Skase">Christopher Skase</a>, former owner of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven Network</a>, after he fails to give evidence in a liquidator's examination of failed shipbuilding company Lloyds Ships Holdings, an associate of Skase's <a href="/wiki/Qintex" title="Qintex">Qintex</a> Australia Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> awards the <a href="/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics" title="1996 Summer Olympics">1996 Summer Olympics</a> to <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> assassination attempt on the life of Air Chief Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Terry" title="Peter Terry">Peter Terry</a> at his home near <a href="/wiki/Stafford" title="Stafford">Stafford</a>, England. Hit by at least 9 bullets, the former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Governor of Gibraltar</a> survives, as does his wife, Lady Betty Terry, who is also shot (most likely by accident).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a> grants Gorbachev special powers for 18 months to secure the Soviet Union's transition to a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">David Souter</a> is confirmed to serve on the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>, replacing retiring Justice <a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">William J. Brennan Jr.</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a> is finished.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tampere_Hall" title="Tampere Hall">Tampere Hall</a>, the largest concert and congress center in the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>, was inaugurated in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Summit_for_Children" title="World Summit for Children">World Summit for Children</a> draws more than 70 world leaders to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Headquarters">United Nations Headquarters</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>October – <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> begins his work on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, 19 months after his seminal <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> outline of what would become the Web concept.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – The rebel <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Patriotic_Front" title="Rwandan Patriotic Front">Rwandan Patriotic Front</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> from <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, marking the start of the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Civil_War" title="Rwandan Civil War">Rwandan Civil War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – According to The Civil Aviation of China, <a href="/wiki/1990_Guangzhou_Baiyun_airport_collisions" title="1990 Guangzhou Baiyun airport collisions">two commercial planes collide on the runway</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport_(former)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former)">Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The total death toll is 128; 53 people were wounded, 97 were rescued.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/German_reunification#German_Reunification_Treaty" title="German reunification">reunify</a> into a single <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict</a>: Rebel forces seize two military posts on the island of <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> before surrendering on October 6.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> police kill 17 <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> and wound over 100 near the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> mosque on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a>: The first <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> restaurant is opened in <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, near Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald's_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald's-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1979, Shenzhen has been a <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> military forces invade and occupy <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon" title="Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon</a>, ousting General <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a>'s government. This effectively consolidates Syria's 14 year occupation of Lebanese soil and ends the civil war.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – South Africa ends segregation of libraries, trains, buses, toilets, swimming pools, and other public facilities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan_Communist_Party" title="North Kalimantan Communist Party">North Kalimantan Communist Party</a> insurgents sign a peace agreement which formally ends 28 years of <a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a>.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">major financial service</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/VTB_Bank" title="VTB Bank">VTB Bank</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia SSR</a>, former part of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, as predecessor name was Vneshtorg Bank.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – The remains of the former <a href="/wiki/Estonian_head_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian head of state">Estonian head of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a>, found in the <a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a> region in Russia, are brought to <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> and buried at state expense in the <a href="/wiki/Metsakalmistu" title="Metsakalmistu">Metsakalmistu</a> cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a> restores its official name from Gorky, <a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga Federal District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Pakistani_general_election" title="1990 Pakistani general election">Pakistani general election</a>, Prime Minister Bhutto's <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party">Pakistan People's Party</a> loses power to a center-right coalition government led by the <a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamhoori_Ittehad" title="Islami Jamhoori Ittehad">Islami Jamhoori Ittehad</a> party.</li> <li>Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a> reveals the existence of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation Gladio</a>, a clandestine <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> "<a href="/wiki/Stay-behind" title="Stay-behind">stay-behind</a>" operation in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">Cold War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet" title="Supreme Soviet">Supreme Soviet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Kirghiz SSR</a> selects <a href="/wiki/Askar_Akayev" title="Askar Akayev">Askar Akayev</a> as the republic's first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="President of Kyrgyzstan">president</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">New Zealand National Party</a> wins the <a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1990 New Zealand general election">New Zealand general election</a>, and its leader, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a>, becomes prime minister.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – In Norway, the government headed by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister of Norway</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_P._Syse" title="Jan P. Syse">Jan P. Syse</a> collapses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – The first transatlantic <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_cable" title="Fiber-optic cable">fiber optic cable</a> <a href="/wiki/TAT-8" title="TAT-8">TAT-8</a> fails, causing a slowdown of Internet traffic between the United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>November – The earliest known portable <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital camera</a> sold in the United States ships.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/British_Satellite_Broadcasting" title="British Satellite Broadcasting">British Satellite Broadcasting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sky_Television_(1984%E2%80%931990)" title="Sky Television (1984–1990)">Sky Television plc</a> merge to form <a href="/wiki/BSkyB" class="mw-redirect" title="BSkyB">BSkyB</a> as a result of massive losses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Gro Harlem Brundtland</a> assumes office as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister of Norway</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Meir Kahane</a>, founder of the far-right <a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach movement</a>, is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> is sworn in as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> <ul><li>Indian Prime Minister Singh resigns over losing a confidence vote in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>, having lost the support of Hindus who want a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> torn down to build a <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temple</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> defeats odds-on favorite <a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan</a> to become the first female <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1990_October_Revolution_Parade" title="1990 October Revolution Parade">final military parade</a> to mark the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Great October Socialist Revolution</a> takes place in the USSR.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> <ul><li>A new constitution comes into effect in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a>, establishing multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy; this is the culmination of the <a href="/wiki/1990_Nepalese_revolution" title="1990 Nepalese revolution">1990 People's Movement</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Parliament of Singapore">Parliament of Singapore</a> enacts the <a href="/wiki/Maintenance_of_Religious_Harmony_Act" title="Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act">Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> as head of a minority government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a> is enthroned as the 125th emperor of Japan following the death of <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">his father</a> on January 7, <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> publishes a more formal proposal for the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> <ul><li>The first known <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> is written.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In New Zealand, David Gray kills 13 people in what will become known as the <a href="/wiki/Aramoana_massacre" title="Aramoana massacre">Aramoana massacre</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – Germany and Poland sign a <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_Border_Treaty" title="German–Polish Border Treaty">treaty</a> confirming the border at the <a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Oder–Neisse line</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/STS-38" title="STS-38">STS-38</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis">Space Shuttle <i>Atlantis</i></a> is launched on a classified U.S. military mission.</li> <li>President Bush signed new <a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a>, focused on urban pollution and cancer-causing emissions from industrial sources.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a> is dissolved after the seventh <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Bulgaria" title="Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria">Grand National Assembly</a> voted to change the country's name to the Republic of Bulgaria and removed the Communist state emblem from the national flag.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – Soviet President Gorbachev proposes a radical restructuring of the Soviet government, including the creation of a Federal Council to be made up of the heads of the 15 <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">Soviet republics</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">21</a> – The leaders of Canada, the United States, and 32 European states meet in Paris to formally mark the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_(1985%E2%80%931991)#End_of_the_Cold_War" title="Cold War (1985–1991)">end of the Cold War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Chikatilo" title="Andrei Chikatilo">Andrei Chikatilo</a>, one of the Soviet Union's most prolific <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killers</a>, is arrested in <a href="/wiki/Novocherkassk" title="Novocherkassk">Novocherkassk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Paris_Charter" title="Paris Charter">Charter of Paris for a New Europe</a> is signed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> releases the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super NES</a> alongside its launch games <i><a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_World" title="Super Mario World">Super Mario World</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/F-Zero_(video_game)" title="F-Zero (video game)">F-Zero</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pilotwings_(video_game)" title="Pilotwings (video game)">Pilotwings</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/SimCity_(1989_video_game)" title="SimCity (1989 video game)">SimCity</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Gradius_III" title="Gradius III">Gradius III</a></i>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – British PM <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> announces she will not contest the second ballot of the <a href="/wiki/1990_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="1990 Conservative Party leadership election">leadership election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Tymi%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Tymiński">Stanisław Tymiński</a> win the first round of the <a href="/wiki/1990_Polish_presidential_election" title="1990 Polish presidential election">first Polish presidential election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – Women's suffrage is introduced in the last Swiss half-canton of <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister of Singapore</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> resigns and is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Goh_Chok_Tong" title="Goh Chok Tong">Goh Chok Tong</a>.</li> <li>The first female <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, resigns after 11 years and is replaced by <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> passes <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_678" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 678">UN Security Council Resolution 678</a>, authorizing military intervention in <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a> if that state does not withdraw its forces from <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, January 15, <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister of Bulgaria</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Lukanov" title="Andrey Lukanov">Andrey Lukanov</a> and his government of former communists resign under pressure from strikes and street protests.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a> workers from the United Kingdom and France meet 40 metres beneath the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> seabed, establishing the first land connection between Great Britain and the mainland of Europe for around 8,000 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Chad" title="List of heads of state of Chad">President of Chad</a> <a href="/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9" title="Hissène Habré">Hissène Habré</a> is deposed by the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Salvation_Movement" title="Patriotic Salvation Movement">Patriotic Salvation Movement</a> and replaced as president by its leader <a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1990_German_federal_election" title="1990 German federal election">German federal election</a> (the first election held since <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>) is won by <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>, who remains <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Benin" title="People's Republic of Benin">People's Republic of Benin</a> is dissolved after a constitutional referendum.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Wayne_County_Airport_runway_collision" title="1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision">1990 Wayne County Airport runway collision</a>: At <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Airport</a>, Northwest Airlines Flight 1482 (a <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">McDonnell Douglas DC-9</a>) collides with Northwest Airlines Flight 299 (a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">Boeing 727</a>) on the runway, killing 8 passengers and 4 crew members.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> begins her term as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a>, becoming the first female to hold this office.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – President <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad" title="Hussain Muhammad Ershad">Hussain Muhammad Ershad</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> is forced to resign following massive protests; he is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Shahabuddin_Ahmed" title="Shahabuddin Ahmed">Shahabuddin Ahmed</a>, who becomes interim president.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Bulgaria)" title="National Assembly (Bulgaria)">National Assembly of Bulgaria</a> elects <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Iliev_Popov" title="Dimitar Iliev Popov">Dimitar Iliev Popov</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister of Bulgaria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> elected President of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Serbia</a> in first round, <a href="/wiki/1990_Serbian_general_election" title="1990 Serbian general election">general elections</a> won by his Socialist Party.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> wins the 2nd round of Poland's <a href="/wiki/1990_Polish_presidential_election" title="1990 Polish presidential election">first presidential election</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Alia" title="Ramiz Alia">Ramiz Alia</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">People's Socialist Republic of Albania</a>, following massive demonstrations by students and workers, announces that a free national election will be held next spring of 1991 with political parties other than the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Labour_of_Albania" title="Party of Labour of Albania">Party of Labour</a> permitted; an opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party</a> is formed the following day.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – A multi-vehicle traffic collision known as the <a href="/wiki/1990_Interstate_75_fog_disaster" title="1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster">1990 Interstate 75 fog disaster</a> occurs; 12 deaths and 42 were caused by this event<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide" title="Jean-Bertrand Aristide">Jean-Bertrand Aristide</a> is <a href="/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391_Haitian_general_election" title="1990–91 Haitian general election">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">president of Haiti</a>, ending 3 decades of military rule.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> announces his resignation as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)">Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li>Tim Berners-Lee completes the test for the first webpage at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> <ul><li>The first <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">constitution</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> is adopted.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a> become independent, following the termination of their trusteeship.</li> <li>In Warsaw <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> takes the oath of office as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President of Poland</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kaczorowski" title="Ryszard Kaczorowski">Ryszard Kaczorowski</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a>, hands over the insignia of presidential power to Wałęsa as a sign of the dissolution of the exiled government that had had its seat in London since 1939.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_independence_referendum" title="1990 Slovenian independence referendum">Slovenian independence referendum</a>, 88.5% of the overall electorate (94.8% of votes), with the turnout of 93.3%, support independence of the country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ramsewak_Shankar" title="Ramsewak Shankar">Ramsewak Shankar</a> is ousted as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Suriname" title="President of Suriname">President of Suriname</a> by a military coup.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Russian_aircraft_carrier_Admiral_Kuznetsov" title="Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov">Russian aircraft carrier <i>Admiral Kuznetsov</i></a> is commissioned.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – Russian <a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a> holds his title by winning the <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> match against his countryman <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_population">World population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: World population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">World population</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>1990 </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1985" title="1985">1985</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>World </th> <td align="right"><b>5,263,593,000</b> </td> <td align="right">4,830,979,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 432,614,000 </td> <td align="right">+8.95% </td> <td align="right">5,674,380,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 410,787,000 </td> <td align="right">+7.80% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Africa </th> <td align="right"><b>622,443,000</b> </td> <td align="right">541,718,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 80,629,000 </td> <td align="right">+14.88% </td> <td align="right">707,462,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 85,019,000 </td> <td align="right">+13.66% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Asia </th> <td align="right"><b>3,167,807,000</b> </td> <td align="right">2,887,552,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 280,255,000 </td> <td align="right">+9.71% </td> <td align="right">3,430,052,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 262,245,000 </td> <td align="right">+8.28% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Europe </th> <td align="right"><b>721,582,000</b> </td> <td align="right">706,009,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 15,573,000 </td> <td align="right">+2.21% </td> <td align="right">727,405,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 5,823,000 </td> <td align="right">+0.81% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Latin America </th> <td align="right"><b>441,525,000</b> </td> <td align="right">401,469,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 40,056,000 </td> <td align="right">+9.98% </td> <td align="right">481,099,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 39,574,000 </td> <td align="right">+8.96% </td></tr> <tr> <th>North America </th> <td align="right"><b>283,549,000</b> </td> <td align="right">269,456,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 14,093,000 </td> <td align="right">+5.23% </td> <td align="right">299,438,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 15,889,000 </td> <td align="right">+5.60% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Oceania </th> <td align="right"><b>26,687,000</b> </td> <td align="right">24,678,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 2,009,000 </td> <td align="right">+8.14% </td> <td align="right">28,924,000 </td> <td align="right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Green_Arrow_Up.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 2,237,000 </td> <td align="right">+8.38% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births_and_deaths">Births and deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births and deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Category:1990_births" title="Category:1990 births">Category:1990 births</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaths in 1990">Deaths in 1990</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/120px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/250px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">Richard Edward Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Murray">Joseph Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">E. Donnall Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_Literature_1990_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobel_Prize_Literature_1990-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Markowitz" title="Harry Markowitz">Harry Markowitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merton_Miller" title="Merton Miller">Merton Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_F._Sharpe" title="William F. Sharpe">William F. Sharpe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fields_Medal">Fields Medal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Fields Medal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Vladimir Drinfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Jones" title="Vaughan Jones">Vaughan Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shigefumi_Mori" title="Shigefumi Mori">Shigefumi Mori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652831/Yemen/273073/Unification-of-Yemen">"Yemen"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. November 20, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503173424/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652831/Yemen/273073/Unification-of-Yemen">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yemen&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F652831%2FYemen%2F273073%2FUnification-of-Yemen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/History.html">"WWW Project History"</a>. <i>w3.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130923082922/http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/History.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=WWW+Project+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FHistory%2F19921103-hypertext%2Fhypertext%2FWWW%2FHistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117053127/http://people.lis.illinois.edu/~chip/projects/timeline/1990archie.htm">"The first search engine, Archive"</a>. <i>illinois.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.lis.illinois.edu/~chip/projects/timeline/1990archie.htm">the original</a> on January 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=illinois.edu&rft.atitle=The+first+search+engine%2C+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.lis.illinois.edu%2F~chip%2Fprojects%2Ftimeline%2F1990archie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002171222/http://www.citizenlink.com/2010/06/09/gene-therapy-a-brief-history/">"Gene Therapy – A Brief History"</a>. <i>CitizenLink</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizenlink.com/2010/06/09/gene-therapy-a-brief-history/">the original</a> on October 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CitizenLink&rft.atitle=Gene+Therapy+%E2%80%93+A+Brief+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizenlink.com%2F2010%2F06%2F09%2Fgene-therapy-a-brief-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db136.pdf">"NCHS Data Brief ■ No. 136 ■ December 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706221902/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db136.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NCHS+Data+Brief+%E2%96%A0+No.+136+%E2%96%A0+December+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fdatabriefs%2Fdb136.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eTAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA425">"InfoWorld"</a>. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. January 15, 1990. p. 425.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=InfoWorld&rft.pages=425&rft.pub=InfoWorld+Media+Group%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1990-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeTAEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaay" class="citation web cs1">Raay, Wytze van der. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nlnet.nl/foundation/annuals/1990-jaarverslag.html">"Stichting NLnet Jaarverslag 1990"</a>. <i>nlnet.nl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510140426/http://nlnet.nl/foundation/annuals/1990-jaarverslag.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nlnet.nl&rft.atitle=Stichting+NLnet+Jaarverslag+1990&rft.aulast=Raay&rft.aufirst=Wytze+van+der&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnlnet.nl%2Ffoundation%2Fannuals%2F1990-jaarverslag.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nkrusa.org/nk_conflict/ethnic_cleansing_campaigns.shtml">"NKR Office in Washington, DC"</a>. <i>www.nkrusa.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190319061743/http://www.nkrusa.org/nk_conflict/ethnic_cleansing_campaigns.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nkrusa.org&rft.atitle=NKR+Office+in+Washington%2C+DC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkrusa.org%2Fnk_conflict%2Fethnic_cleansing_campaigns.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/rights/articles/pp021603.shtml">"Notes from Baku: Black January"</a>. <i>EurasiaNet.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090827072157/http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/rights/articles/pp021603.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on August 27, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EurasiaNet.org&rft.atitle=Notes+from+Baku%3A+Black+January&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasianet.org%2Fdepartments%2Frights%2Farticles%2Fpp021603.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fxM1AAAAIBAJ&pg=5762,4912828&dq=poland&hl=en">"Internationale swansong for Poland's communists"</a>. <i>The Glasgow Herald</i>. January 29, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010143853/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=fxM1AAAAIBAJ&pg=5762,4912828&dq=poland&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Internationale+swansong+for+Poland%27s+communists&rft.date=1990-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DfxM1AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5762%2C4912828%26dq%3Dpoland%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald's-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald's_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald's_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeston2010" class="citation web cs1">Weston, Shaun (August 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodbev.com/news/mcdonalds-announces-bond-to-support-growth-in-china#.UPciMCfBGSp">"McDonald's announces bond to support growth in China"</a>. <i>FoodBev</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015044844/http://www.foodbev.com/news/mcdonalds-announces-bond-to-support-growth-in-china#.UPciMCfBGSp">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FoodBev&rft.atitle=McDonald%27s+announces+bond+to+support+growth+in+China&rft.date=2010-08-19&rft.aulast=Weston&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodbev.com%2Fnews%2Fmcdonalds-announces-bond-to-support-growth-in-china%23.UPciMCfBGSp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBose2009" class="citation book cs1">Bose, Sumantra (June 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC&pg=PA120"><i>Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02855-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02855-5"><bdi>978-0-674-02855-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+Roots+of+Conflict%2C+Paths+to+Peace&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02855-5&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ACMe9WBdNAC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-27-me-173-story.html">"Case Against Smoker on Airline Ends in Mistrial"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Case+Against+Smoker+on+Airline+Ends+in+Mistrial&rft.date=1991-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-07-27-me-173-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRanter" class="citation web cs1">Ranter, Harro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/326092">"Accident Airbus A320-231 VT-EPN, Wednesday 14 February 1990"</a>. <i>asn.flightsafety.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asn.flightsafety.org&rft.atitle=Accident+Airbus+A320-231+VT-EPN%2C+Wednesday+14+February+1990&rft.aulast=Ranter&rft.aufirst=Harro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasn.flightsafety.org%2Fwikibase%2F326092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20250221201028/https://www.faa.gov/lessons_learned/transport_airplane/accidents/VT-EPN">"Airbus A320-231 | Federal Aviation Administration"</a>. <i>www.faa.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faa.gov/lessons_learned/transport_airplane/accidents/VT-EPN">the original</a> on February 21, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.faa.gov&rft.atitle=Airbus+A320-231+%7C+Federal+Aviation+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faa.gov%2Flessons_learned%2Ftransport_airplane%2Faccidents%2FVT-EPN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-airbus-a320-231-bangalore-92-killed">"Crash of an Airbus A320-231 in Bangalore: 92 killed | Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives"</a>. <i>www.baaa-acro.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baaa-acro.com&rft.atitle=Crash+of+an+Airbus+A320-231+in+Bangalore%3A+92+killed+%7C+Bureau+of+Aircraft+Accidents+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baaa-acro.com%2Fcrash%2Fcrash-airbus-a320-231-bangalore-92-killed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreat_Britain._Diplomatic_Service_Administration_Office2005" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tw7wAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Diplomatic Service List</i></a>. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-591781-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-11-591781-3"><bdi>978-0-11-591781-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Diplomatic+Service+List&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=H.M.+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-11-591781-3&rft.au=Great+Britain.+Diplomatic+Service+Administration+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtw7wAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz-herald-auckland-anniversary-regatta/news/article.cfm?c_id=743&objectid=114161">"Frigate guests get shot at sailors' rum ritual"</a>. <i>The New Zealand Herald</i>. January 26, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Frigate+guests+get+shot+at+sailors%27+rum+ritual&rft.date=2000-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz-herald-auckland-anniversary-regatta%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D743%26objectid%3D114161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIldikó_LipcseySabin_GhermanAdrian_Severin2006" class="citation book cs1">Ildikó Lipcsey; Sabin Gherman; Adrian Severin (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AkppAAAAMAAJ"><i>Romania and Transylvania in the 20th Century</i></a>. Corvinus Pub. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-882785-15-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-882785-15-5"><bdi>978-1-882785-15-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romania+and+Transylvania+in+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Corvinus+Pub.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-882785-15-5&rft.au=Ildik%C3%B3+Lipcsey&rft.au=Sabin+Gherman&rft.au=Adrian+Severin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAkppAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dutceac-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dutceac_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anamaria Dutceac Segesten, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BNCWS_r8QpwC&dq=%22backdrop+of+celebrations%22&pg=PT32">Myth, Identity, and Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of Romanian and Serbian Textbooks </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009160417/https://books.google.com/books?id=BNCWS_r8QpwC&dq=%22backdrop+of+celebrations%22&pg=PT32">Archived</a> October 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lexington Books, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739148679" title="Special:BookSources/9780739148679">9780739148679</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKurtz1990" class="citation news cs1">Kurtz, Howard (July 3, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/07/03/us-jury-clears-marcos-in-fraud-case/e6bf3b50-0396-47f0-a013-8dbda95fcd4f/">"U.S. JURY CLEARS MARCOS IN FRAUD CASE"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209084133/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/07/03/us-jury-clears-marcos-in-fraud-case/e6bf3b50-0396-47f0-a013-8dbda95fcd4f/">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+JURY+CLEARS+MARCOS+IN+FRAUD+CASE&rft.date=1990-07-03&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1990%2F07%2F03%2Fus-jury-clears-marcos-in-fraud-case%2Fe6bf3b50-0396-47f0-a013-8dbda95fcd4f%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/namibia-gains-independence">"Namibia gains Independence | South African History Online"</a>. <i>www.sahistory.org.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=australianpolitics.com&rft.atitle=1990+Federal+Election+%26%23124%3B+AustralianPolitics.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faustralianpolitics.com%2Felections%2Ffederal-1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/dozens-die-fire-illegal-bonx-social-club-1990-article-1.2152091">"Fire kills 87 people at the Happy Land Social Club in 1990"</a>. <i>NY Daily News</i>. March 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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May 31, 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209191740/https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000002985375.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Helsingin+Sanomat&rft.atitle=Kultakauppiaiden+murhista+syytetty+japanilainen+kiisti&rft.date=1990-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hs.fi%2Fkotimaa%2Fart-2000002985375.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/33e1faba-8512-4d20-a1bc-36cddd08a395">"Natsikultaa ei edes ollut olemassa – silti kaksi miestä kuoli Siuntiossa sen vuoksi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Iltalehti" title="Iltalehti">Iltalehti</a></i>. July 26, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209191741/https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/33e1faba-8512-4d20-a1bc-36cddd08a395">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iltalehti&rft.atitle=Natsikultaa+ei+edes+ollut+olemassa+%E2%80%93+silti+kaksi+miest%C3%A4+kuoli+Siuntiossa+sen+vuoksi&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iltalehti.fi%2Fkotimaa%2Fa%2F33e1faba-8512-4d20-a1bc-36cddd08a395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-31.html">"STS-31"</a>. <i>Mission Archives</i>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mission+Archives&rft.atitle=STS-31&rft.date=2006-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fshuttle%2Fshuttlemissions%2Farchives%2Fsts-31.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrogin1990" class="citation web cs1">Drogin, Bob (May 14, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-14-mn-127-story.html">"2 U.S. Airmen Killed at Base in Philippines : Military: The shootings, believed to be the work of Communist rebels, come on the eve of talks on the future of American bases"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425093643/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-14-mn-127-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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U.S. News & World Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131208063600/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/doubleissue/mysteries/portrait.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mysteries+of+History&rft.atitle=Van+Gogh%27s+vanishing+act&rft.date=2000-07-24&rft.au=Kleiner%2C+Carolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fusnews%2Fdoubleissue%2Fmysteries%2Fportrait.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704014026/http://ilga.org/ilga/en/article/546">"May 17th is the Intl Day Against Homophobia"</a>. <i>ILGA</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Soviet+leader+Mikhail+Gorbachev+arrives+in+Washington+for+a+summit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fgorbachev-arrives-in-washington-for-summit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619125440/http://www.crit.rai.it/eletel/LeMiniSerie/MS3a.pdf">"Italia '90 Il primo passo della HDTV digitale I Parte"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheJournal.ie&rft.atitle=In+Photos%3A+25+years+ago+today+the+Berlin+Wall+fell&rft.date=2014-11-09&rft.au=%C3%83rla+Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Fberlin-wall-anniversary-1762450-Nov2014%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/17-earthquake/34-1990-june-14-panay-earthquake">"1990 June 14 Panay Earthquake"</a>. <i>phivolcs.dost.gov.ph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727072608/https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/17-earthquake/34-1990-june-14-panay-earthquake">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phivolcs.dost.gov.ph&rft.atitle=1990+June+14+Panay+Earthquake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph%2Findex.php%2F17-earthquake%2F34-1990-june-14-panay-earthquake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJesse_Greenspan2013" class="citation web cs1">Jesse Greenspan (December 9, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/news/nelson-mandela-comes-to-america">"Nelson Mandela comes to America"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031052842/https://www.history.com/news/nelson-mandela-comes-to-america">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=Nelson+Mandela+comes+to+America&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.au=Jesse+Greenspan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fnelson-mandela-comes-to-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, Stephen, Graeme J. Gill, and Darrell Slider. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O9IGbITqT_EC&pg=PA132">The Politics of Transition: Shaping a Post-Soviet Future</a></i>. Cambridge, ENG, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993. p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Gould1991" class="citation book cs1">David Gould (November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vl-8S3MmleoC"><i>Chronicle of the Year 1990</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+1990+Luzon+Earthquake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Fiq%2Fremembering-1990-luzon-earthquake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630025002/http://www.i-love-moscow.com/russian-internet.html">"Russian Internet"</a>. <i>i-love-moscow.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Atlanta+selected+over+Athens+for+1996+Olympics&rft.date=1990-09-19&rft.aulast=Weisman&rft.aufirst=Steven+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F09%2F19%2Fsports%2Fatlanta-selected-over-athens-for-1996-olympics.html%3Fmcubz%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epressi.com/tiedotteet/kulttuuri-ja-taide/kulttuurin-superviikko-tampere-talossa-tero-saarisen-uutuusteos-satuoopperoiden-maailmanensi-ilta-ja-talon-synttariesitys.html">Kulttuurin superviikko Tampere-talossa: Tero Saarisen uutuusteos, satuoopperoiden maailmanensi-ilta ja talon synttäriesitys</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826085340/https://www.epressi.com/tiedotteet/kulttuuri-ja-taide/kulttuurin-superviikko-tampere-talossa-tero-saarisen-uutuusteos-satuoopperoiden-maailmanensi-ilta-ja-talon-synttariesitys.html">Archived</a> August 26, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - ePressi (in Finnish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html">"Tim Berners-Lee bio"</a>. <i>w3.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515224533/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/Longer.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=Tim+Berners-Lee+bio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FPeople%2FBerners-Lee%2FLonger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYabes1990" class="citation news cs1">Yabes, Criselda (October 4, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/10/04/philippine-troops-launch-rebellion-on-mindanao-island/198eb280-e0df-40b9-b9b9-fb02218469f7/">"PHILIPPINE TROOPS LAUNCH REBELLION ON MINDANAO ISLAND"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=PHILIPPINE+TROOPS+LAUNCH+REBELLION+ON+MINDANAO+ISLAND&rft.date=1990-10-04&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Yabes&rft.aufirst=Criselda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1990%2F10%2F04%2Fphilippine-troops-launch-rebellion-on-mindanao-island%2F198eb280-e0df-40b9-b9b9-fb02218469f7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-10-06-mn-1418-story.html">"Philippine Rebellion Ends in Surrender : Mindanao: A renegade colonel gives himself up, and government forces recover two military camps on southern island"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Philippine+Rebellion+Ends+in+Surrender+%3A+Mindanao%3A+A+renegade+colonel+gives+himself+up%2C+and+government+forces+recover+two+military+camps+on+southern+island.&rft.date=1990-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-10-06-mn-1418-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720130426/http://www.videvik.ee/?id=1939">"Kuidas leiti K. Pätsi põrm"</a> [How K. Päts' ashes were found]. <i><a href="/wiki/Videvik" title="Videvik">Videvik</a></i> (in Estonian). November 11, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.videvik.ee/?id=1939">the original</a> on July 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Videvik&rft.atitle=Kuidas+leiti+K.+P%C3%A4tsi+p%C3%B5rm&rft.date=2010-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videvik.ee%2F%3Fid%3D1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaav2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haav, Margus (January 18, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sakala.ajaleht.ee/?id=373818">"Esimese presidendi viimne teekond kodumulda algas uskumatult"</a> [The first president's last journey to the home soil began incredibly]. <i><a href="/wiki/Sakala_(newspaper)" title="Sakala (newspaper)">Sakala</a></i> (in Estonian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309162246/http://www.sakala.ajaleht.ee/?id=373818">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sakala&rft.atitle=Esimese+presidendi+viimne+teekond+kodumulda+algas+uskumatult&rft.date=2011-01-18&rft.aulast=Haav&rft.aufirst=Margus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sakala.ajaleht.ee%2F%3Fid%3D373818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIDG_Enterprise1990" class="citation book cs1">IDG Enterprise (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_QZfeY52SPOgC"><i>Computerworld</i></a>. IDG Enterprise. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_QZfeY52SPOgC/page/n103">14</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Computerworld&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=IDG+Enterprise&rft.date=1990&rft.au=IDG+Enterprise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_QZfeY52SPOgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Digital cameras, the next wave. 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December 11, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211221175159/https://newschannel9.com/news/local/stumbling-out-of-the-fog-memories-of-the-worst-traffic-accident-in-tennessee-history">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Stumbling+Out+of+the+Fog%3A%22+Memories+of+the+Worst+Traffic+Accident+in+Tennessee+History&rft.date=2015-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewschannel9.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fstumbling-out-of-the-fog-memories-of-the-worst-traffic-accident-in-tennessee-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1990" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel_Prize_Literature_1990-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_Prize_Literature_1990_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1990/paz/facts/">"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1990"</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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