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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Exodus 12:38 And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/exodus/12-38.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/1/02_Exo_12_38.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Exodus 12:38 - The Exodus Begins" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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and flocks, and herds, <i>even</i> very much cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/exodus/12.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />A mixed multitude went up with them also, and flocks and herds—a great deal of livestock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/exodus/12.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />A mixed multitude also went up with them, along with flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/exodus/12.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />A mixed multitude also went up with them, along with flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/exodus/12.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/exodus/12.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />A foreign multitude also went up with them, along with flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/exodus/12.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />A mixed multitude [of non-Israelites from foreign nations] also went with them, along with both flocks and herds, a very large number of livestock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/exodus/12.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />A mixed crowd also went up with them, along with a huge number of livestock, both flocks and herds.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/exodus/12.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />An ethnically diverse crowd also went up with them, along with a huge number of livestock, both flocks and herds. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/exodus/12.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/exodus/12.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />Many other people went with them as well, and there were also a lot of sheep, goats, and cattle. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/exodus/12.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/exodus/12.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />Many other people also went with them, along with large numbers of sheep, goats, and cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/exodus/12.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />A large number of other people and many sheep, goats, and cattle also went with them. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/exodus/12.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />A mixed multitude also went up with them, along with a very large number of livestock, including sheep and cattle. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/exodus/12.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />And a mixed multitude also went up with them, along with great droves of livestock, both flocks and herds.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/exodus/12.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />A mixed multitude also went up with them, and flocks and herds--a very large number of cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/exodus/12.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />A mixed multitude went up also with them, with flocks, herds, and even very much livestock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/exodus/12.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very many cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/exodus/12.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />A mixed multitude went up also with them, with flocks, herds, and even very much livestock. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/exodus/12.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and a great rabble has also gone up with them, and flock and herd—very much livestock.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/exodus/12.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and a great rabble also hath gone up with them, and flock and herd -- very much cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/exodus/12.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And also a great mixture went up with them; and sheep and oxen, very much cattle.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/exodus/12.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And a mixed multitude without number went up also with them, sheep and herds and beasts of divers kinds, exceeding many. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/exodus/12.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />But also an innumerable mix of common people ascended with them, sheep and herds and animals of diverse kinds, exceedingly many.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/exodus/12.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />A crowd of mixed ancestry also went up with them, with livestock in great abundance, both flocks and herds.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/exodus/12.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />A mixed crowd also went up with them, and livestock in great numbers, both flocks and herds.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/exodus/12.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and their flocks, and herds, and many cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/exodus/12.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />Also many mixed companies went up with them and very many flocks and oxen and cattle.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/exodus/12.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/exodus/12.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And a great mixed <i>company</i> went up with them, and sheep and oxen and very much cattle.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/exodus/12-38.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kVae3PiKqhs?start=3059" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/exodus/12.htm">The Exodus Begins</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">37</span>The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth with about 600,000 men on foot, besides women and children. <span class="reftext">38</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/6154.htm" title="6154: ‘ê·reḇ (N-ms) -- Arabia -- mixture, mixed company. Or mereb,; from arab; the web; also a mixture.">And a mixed</a> <a href="/hebrew/7227.htm" title="7227: raḇ (Adj-ms) -- Much, many, great. By contracted from rabab; abundant.">multitude</a> <a href="/hebrew/1571.htm" title="1571: wə·ḡam- (Conj) -- Also, moreover, yea. ">also</a> <a href="/hebrew/5927.htm" title="5927: ‘ā·lāh (V-Qal-Perf-3ms) -- A primitive root; to ascend, intransitively or actively; used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative.">went up</a> <a href="/hebrew/854.htm" title="854: ’it·tām (Prep:: 3mp) -- With (denoting proximity). Probably from 'anah; properly, nearness, near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc.">with them,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3515.htm" title="3515: kā·ḇêḏ (Adj-ms) -- Heavy. From kabad; heavy; figuratively in a good sense or in a bad sense.">along with great droves of</a> <a href="/hebrew/3966.htm" title="3966: mə·’ōḏ (Adv) -- Muchness, force, abundance. From the same as 'uwd; properly, vehemence, i.e. vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc."></a> <a href="/hebrew/4735.htm" title="4735: miq·neh (N-ms) -- Cattle. From qanah; something bought, i.e. Property, but only livestock; abstractly, acquisition.">livestock,</a> <a href="/hebrew/6629.htm" title="6629: wə·ṣōn (Conj-w:: N-cs) -- Small cattle, sheep and goats, flock. Or tsaown; from an unused root meaning to migrate; a collective name for a flock; also figuratively.">both flocks</a> <a href="/hebrew/1241.htm" title="1241: ū·ḇā·qār (Conj-w:: N-ms) -- Cattle, herd, an ox. From baqar; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of either gender; collectively, a herd.">and herds.</a> </span><span class="reftext">39</span>Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/numbers/11-4.htm">Numbers 11:4</a></span><br />Meanwhile, the rabble among them had a strong craving for other food, and again the Israelites wept and said, “Who will feed us meat?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nehemiah/13-3.htm">Nehemiah 13:3</a></span><br />As soon as the people heard this law, they excluded from Israel all of foreign descent.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/29-11.htm">Deuteronomy 29:11</a></span><br />your children and wives, and the foreigners in your camps who cut your wood and draw your water—<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/8-35.htm">Joshua 8:35</a></span><br />There was not a word of all that Moses had commanded that Joshua failed to read before the whole assembly of Israel, including the women, the little ones, and the foreigners who lived among them.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/leviticus/24-10.htm">Leviticus 24:10</a></span><br />Now the son of an Israelite mother and an Egyptian father went out among the Israelites, and a fight broke out in the camp between him and an Israelite.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/56-6.htm">Isaiah 56:6-8</a></span><br />And the foreigners who join themselves to the LORD to minister to Him, to love the name of the LORD, and to be His servants—all who keep the Sabbath without profaning it and who hold fast to My covenant— / I will bring them to My holy mountain and make them joyful in My house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and sacrifices will be accepted on My altar, for My house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations.” / Thus declares the Lord GOD, who gathers the dispersed of Israel: “I will gather to them still others besides those already gathered.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/47-22.htm">Ezekiel 47:22-23</a></span><br />You shall allot it as an inheritance for yourselves and for the foreigners who dwell among you and who have children. You are to treat them as native-born Israelites; along with you, they shall be allotted an inheritance among the tribes of Israel. / In whatever tribe a foreigner dwells, you are to assign his inheritance there,” declares the Lord GOD.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_kings/8-41.htm">1 Kings 8:41-43</a></span><br />And as for the foreigner who is not of Your people Israel but has come from a distant land because of Your name— / for they will hear of Your great name and mighty hand and outstretched arm—when he comes and prays toward this temple, / then may You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place, and do according to all for which the foreigner calls to You. Then all the peoples of the earth will know Your name and fear You, as do Your people Israel, and they will know that this house I have built is called by Your Name.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ruth/1-16.htm">Ruth 1:16</a></span><br />But Ruth replied: “Do not urge me to leave you or to turn from following you. For wherever you go, I will go, and wherever you live, I will live; your people will be my people, and your God will be my God.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/zechariah/8-23.htm">Zechariah 8:23</a></span><br />This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “In those days ten men from the nations of every tongue will tightly grasp the robe of a Jew, saying, ‘Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.’”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/2-10.htm">Acts 2:10-11</a></span><br />Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome, / both Jews and converts to Judaism; Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/9-24.htm">Romans 9:24-26</a></span><br />including us, whom He has called not only from the Jews, but also from the Gentiles? / As He says in Hosea: “I will call them ‘My People’ who are not My people, and I will call her ‘My Beloved’ who is not My beloved,” / and, “It will happen that in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not My people,’ they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/galatians/3-28.htm">Galatians 3:28</a></span><br />There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ephesians/2-12.htm">Ephesians 2:12-13</a></span><br />remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. / But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/7-9.htm">Revelation 7:9</a></span><br />After this I looked and saw a multitude too large to count, from every nation and tribe and people and tongue, standing before the throne and before the Lamb. They were wearing white robes and holding palm branches in their hands.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.</p><p class="hdg">and a mixed multitude.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/numbers/11-4.htm">Numbers 11:4</a></b></br> And the mixt multitude that <i>was</i> among them fell a lusting: and the children of Israel also wept again, and said, Who shall give us flesh to eat?</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/zechariah/8-23.htm">Zechariah 8:23</a></b></br> Thus saith the LORD of hosts; In those days <i>it shall come to pass</i>, that ten men shall take hold out of all languages of the nations, even shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, We will go with you: for we have heard <i>that</i> God <i>is</i> with you.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/genesis/49-19.htm">Band</a> <a href="/exodus/12-29.htm">Cattle</a> <a href="/genesis/33-8.htm">Droves</a> <a href="/exodus/12-32.htm">Flock</a> <a href="/exodus/12-32.htm">Flocks</a> <a href="/exodus/12-30.htm">Great</a> <a href="/exodus/12-32.htm">Herd</a> <a href="/exodus/12-32.htm">Herds</a> <a href="/exodus/12-29.htm">Livestock</a> <a href="/exodus/9-24.htm">Mixed</a> <a href="/exodus/8-24.htm">Multitude</a> <a href="/exodus/1-7.htm">Numbers</a> <a href="/john/7-49.htm">Rabble</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/exodus/17-9.htm">Band</a> <a href="/exodus/13-12.htm">Cattle</a> <a href="/1_kings/10-28.htm">Droves</a> <a href="/exodus/34-3.htm">Flock</a> <a href="/exodus/34-3.htm">Flocks</a> <a href="/exodus/14-10.htm">Great</a> <a href="/exodus/29-1.htm">Herd</a> <a href="/exodus/34-3.htm">Herds</a> <a href="/exodus/17-3.htm">Livestock</a> <a href="/exodus/29-2.htm">Mixed</a> <a href="/exodus/23-2.htm">Multitude</a> <a href="/exodus/23-30.htm">Numbers</a> <a href="/numbers/11-4.htm">Rabble</a><div class="vheading2">Exodus 12</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-1.htm">The beginning of the year is changed</a></span><br><span class="reftext">3. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-3.htm">The Passover is instituted</a></span><br><span class="reftext">11. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-11.htm">The import of the rite of the Passover</a></span><br><span class="reftext">15. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-15.htm">Unleavened bread</a></span><br><span class="reftext">29. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-29.htm">The firstborn are slain</a></span><br><span class="reftext">31. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-31.htm">The Israelites are driven out of the land</a></span><br><span class="reftext">37. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-37.htm">They come to Succoth</a></span><br><span class="reftext">41. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-41.htm">The time of their sojourning</a></span><br><span class="reftext">43. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/12-43.htm">The ordinance of the Passover</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/12.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/exodus/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/exodus/12.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>And a mixed multitude also went up with them</b><br>This phrase indicates that the Israelites were not alone in their exodus from Egypt. The "mixed multitude" likely included non-Israelites who had witnessed the plagues and recognized the power of the God of Israel. This group may have consisted of Egyptians and other foreigners who lived in Egypt, possibly slaves or those seeking freedom and a new life. This diverse group foreshadows the inclusive nature of God's covenant, which would later be extended to Gentiles (<a href="/isaiah/56-6.htm">Isaiah 56:6-8</a>, <a href="/romans/11-17.htm">Romans 11:17-24</a>). The presence of the mixed multitude also introduces challenges, as seen later in the wilderness when they incite complaints and rebellion (<a href="/numbers/11-4.htm">Numbers 11:4-6</a>).<p><b>along with great droves of livestock</b><br>The mention of "great droves of livestock" highlights the wealth and resources the Israelites took with them. Livestock was a sign of wealth and essential for survival, providing food, clothing, and sacrifices. This detail underscores God's provision and blessing, as the Israelites left Egypt not as impoverished slaves but as a people equipped for their journey. The livestock would also play a crucial role in the sacrificial system established later in the Mosaic Law (Leviticus 1-7).<p><b>both flocks and herds</b><br>The distinction between "flocks" and "herds" suggests a variety of animals, including sheep, goats, and cattle. This variety was necessary for different types of sacrifices and offerings, as well as for sustaining the community. The presence of both flocks and herds indicates the comprehensive nature of God's provision, ensuring that the Israelites had all they needed for their journey and future worship. This abundance can be seen as a fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that his descendants would leave their place of bondage with great possessions (<a href="/genesis/15-14.htm">Genesis 15:14</a>).<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/m/mixed_multitude.htm">Mixed Multitude</a></b><br>This refers to a diverse group of people who were not Israelites but left Egypt with them. This group likely included Egyptians and other foreigners who had witnessed the power of God through the plagues and chose to join the Israelites in their exodus.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/i/israelites.htm">Israelites</a></b><br>The descendants of Jacob (Israel) who were enslaved in Egypt and were being led out by Moses under God's command.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/e/egypt.htm">Egypt</a></b><br>The land where the Israelites were enslaved and from which they were being delivered by God through Moses.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/e/exodus.htm">Exodus</a></b><br>The event of the Israelites leaving Egypt, marking the beginning of their journey to the Promised Land.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/f/flocks_and_herds.htm">Flocks and Herds</a></b><br>The livestock that the Israelites and the mixed multitude took with them, signifying their wealth and means of sustenance.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/i/inclusivity_in_god's_plan.htm">Inclusivity in God's Plan</a></b><br>The presence of the mixed multitude demonstrates that God's deliverance and blessings are not limited to a single ethnic group. This foreshadows the New Testament teaching that salvation through Christ is available to all.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/c/challenges_of_diversity.htm">Challenges of Diversity</a></b><br>While diversity is a strength, it also brings challenges, as seen later in the wilderness journey. Believers must be prepared to address and embrace these challenges with grace and wisdom.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/f/faith_and_witness.htm">Faith and Witness</a></b><br>The decision of the mixed multitude to join the Israelites suggests that they were moved by the witness of God's power. Our lives should similarly testify to God's work, drawing others to Him.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/s/stewardship_of_resources.htm">Stewardship of Resources</a></b><br>The mention of flocks and herds reminds us of the importance of managing our resources wisely as we journey through life.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_exodus_12.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Exodus 12</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_did_nomads_sustain_leviticus_sacrifices.htm">How could a nomadic people in the desert, as described in Exodus, realistically sustain the large-scale animal sacrifices outlined in Leviticus 1? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_is_cultural_appropriation.htm">What is cultural appropriation?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/how_did_israelites_offer_animals_daily.htm">In Numbers 28:2, how could the Israelites offer animals twice daily in a harsh desert environment with limited livestock and resources? </a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/is_there_evidence_of_leviticus_sacrifices.htm">In Leviticus 23:18–19, is there archaeological evidence to confirm the specific types of animal sacrifices described, and how were they logistically managed in the wilderness period? </a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/12.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(38) <span class= "bld">A mixed multitude went up also with them.</span>--Nothing is told us of the component elements of this "mixed multitude." We hear of them as "murmuring" in <a href="/numbers/11-4.htm" title="And the mixed multitude that was among them fell a lusting: and the children of Israel also wept again, and said, Who shall give us flesh to eat?">Numbers 11:4</a>, so that they seem to have remained with Israel. Some may have been Egyptians, impressed by the recent miracles; some foreigners held to servitude, like the Israelites, and glad to escape from their masters. It is noticeable that the Egyptian writers, in their perverted accounts of the Exodus, made a multitude of foreigners (Hyksos) take part with the Hebrews.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/12.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 38.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">A mixed multitude went up also with them</span>. Kalisch supposes that these strangers were native Egyptians, anxious to escape the tyranny of the kings. Canon Cook suggests that they were "remains of the old Semitic population" of the Eastern provinces. Perhaps it is more probable that they consisted of fugitives from other subject races (as the Shartana) oppressed by the Pharaohs. We have again mention of this "mixed multitude" in <a href="/numbers/11-4.htm">Numbers 11:4</a>, where we find that they were the first to regret the "flesh and the fish, the cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions, and the garlick" which they had eaten in Egypt freely (<span class="accented">ib.</span> 5). They thus set a bad example, which the Israelites followed. <span class="cmt_word">And flocks, and herds, even very much cattle</span>. Compare <a href="/exodus/10-26.htm">Exodus 10:26</a>. It has been noticed that this is important, as lessening the difficulties connected with the sustentation of the Israelites in the wilderness. But it increases, on the other hand, the difficulties connected with the march, and with the possibility of finding pasture for such large flocks and herds in the Sinaitic peninsula. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/exodus/12-38.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">And a mixed</span><br /><span class="heb">עֵ֥רֶב</span> <span class="translit">(‘ê·reḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6154.htm">Strong's 6154: </a> </span><span class="str2">Arabia -- mixture, mixed company</span><br /><br /><span class="word">multitude</span><br /><span class="heb">רַ֖ב</span> <span class="translit">(raḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adjective - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7227.htm">Strong's 7227: </a> </span><span class="str2">Much, many, great</span><br /><br /><span class="word">also</span><br /><span class="heb">וְגַם־</span> <span class="translit">(wə·ḡam-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Conjunction<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1571.htm">Strong's 1571: </a> </span><span class="str2">Assemblage, also, even, yea, though, both, and</span><br /><br /><span class="word">went up</span><br /><span class="heb">עָלָ֣ה</span> <span class="translit">(‘ā·lāh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5927.htm">Strong's 5927: </a> </span><span class="str2">To ascend, in, actively</span><br /><br /><span class="word">with them,</span><br /><span class="heb">אִתָּ֑ם</span> <span class="translit">(’it·tām)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition | third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_854.htm">Strong's 854: </a> </span><span class="str2">Nearness, near, with, by, at, among</span><br /><br /><span class="word">along with great droves of</span><br /><span class="heb">כָּבֵ֥ד</span> <span class="translit">(kā·ḇêḏ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adjective - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3515.htm">Strong's 3515: </a> </span><span class="str2">Heavy</span><br /><br /><span class="word">livestock,</span><br /><span class="heb">מִקְנֶ֖ה</span> <span class="translit">(miq·neh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4735.htm">Strong's 4735: </a> </span><span class="str2">Something bought, property, livestock, acquisition</span><br /><br /><span class="word">both flocks</span><br /><span class="heb">וְצֹ֣אן</span> <span class="translit">(wə·ṣōn)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - common singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6629.htm">Strong's 6629: </a> </span><span class="str2">Small cattle, sheep and goats, flock</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and herds.</span><br /><span class="heb">וּבָקָ֔ר</span> <span class="translit">(ū·ḇā·qār)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1241.htm">Strong's 1241: </a> </span><span class="str2">Beef cattle, ox, a herd</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/exodus/12-38.htm">Exodus 12:38 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/exodus/12-38.htm">OT Law: Exodus 12:38 A mixed multitude went up also (Exo. Ex) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/exodus/12-37.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 12:37"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 12:37" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/exodus/12-39.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 12:39"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 12:39" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>