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<span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Disponibile in 16 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="محمود تيمور - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمود تيمور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="محمود تيمور - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمود تيمور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Teymur" title="Mahmud Teymur - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mahmud Teymur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Taymur" title="Mahmud Taymur - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mahmud Taymur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مەحموود تەیموور - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەحموود تەیموور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Taymur" title="Mahmud Taymur - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mahmud Taymur" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="محمود تیمور - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمود تیمور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4_%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Մահմուդ Թեյմուր - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մահմուդ Թեյմուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Taymur" title="Mahmud Taymur - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mahmud Taymur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Теймур Махмуд - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Теймур Махмуд" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Tajmur" title="Mahmud Tajmur - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mahmud Tajmur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Теймур, Махмуд - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теймур, Махмуд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Taymur" title="Mahmud Taymur - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mahmud Taymur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80" title="Махмуд Теймур - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Махмуд Теймур" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="محمود تيمور - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمود تيمور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Taymur" title="Mahmud Taymur - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mahmud Taymur" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3506406#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p><b>Mahmud Taymur</b> (in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo</a> <span dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabo">محمود تيمور</span>‎<span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Arabo" title="Aiuto:Arabo">?</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Il_Cairo" title="Il Cairo">Il Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/16_giugno" title="16 giugno">16 giugno</a> <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a> – <a href="/wiki/Losanna" title="Losanna">Losanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/25_agosto" title="25 agosto">25 agosto</a> <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>) è stato uno <a href="/wiki/Scrittore" title="Scrittore">scrittore</a> <a href="/wiki/Egitto" title="Egitto">egiziano</a>. </p><p>Considerato uno dei fondatori del romanzo egiziano e del <a href="/wiki/Teatro" title="Teatro">teatro</a> arabo, Maḥmūd Taymūr fu autore di romanzi e racconti, opere teatrali, raccolte di viaggio, articoli e studi di <a href="/wiki/Linguistica" title="Linguistica">linguistica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Letteratura_araba" title="Letteratura araba">letteratura araba</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambiente_familiare">Ambiente familiare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Ambiente familiare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ambiente familiare"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Era d'origine <a href="/wiki/Curda" class="mw-redirect" title="Curda">curda</a>, in quanto il padre era arrivato in Egitto nel <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a> tra le truppe inviate dalla <a href="/wiki/Impero_ottomano" title="Impero ottomano">Sublime Porta</a> per combattere <a href="/wiki/Napoleone_Bonaparte" title="Napoleone Bonaparte">Napoleone Bonaparte</a>. I suoi discendenti svolsero un ruolo di primo piano nella vita politica e culturale egiziana. </p><p>Suo nonno era Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī Kurd Taymūr, un ufficiale di <a href="/wiki/Mossul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mossul">Mossul</a> che giunse al grado di generale<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> del nuovo esercito voluto da <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Mehmet Ali</a> e suo amico e confidente, così come lo fu del figlio e successore <a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_Pasci%C3%A0" title="Ibrāhīm Pascià">Ibrāhīm Pascià</a>. <br /> Ismāʿīl Taymūr, figlio di Muḥammad, fu segretario di Mehmet Ali, <a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_Pasci%C3%A0" title="Ibrāhīm Pascià">Ibrāhīm Pascià</a>, <a href="/wiki/%27Abb%C4%81s_I_d%27Egitto" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abbās I d'Egitto">ʿAbbās Ḥilmī I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_Pasci%C3%A0" title="Sa'id Pascià">Saʿīd</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_Pasci%C3%A0" title="Isma'il Pascià">Ismāʿīl</a> e divenne <a href="/wiki/Pasci%C3%A0" title="Pascià">Pascià</a> nel 1919. Bibliofilo, lasciò alla sua morte la sua notevole biblioteca, ricca di manoscritti e ammontante a oltre quattromila libri, che costituisce la Collezione Taymūr della Biblioteca Nazionale del Cairo (la <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81r_al-kutub" title="Dār al-kutub">Dār al-kutub</a></i>). </p><p>Suoi figli furono <a href="/wiki/%27A%27isha_al-Taymur" title="'A'isha al-Taymur">ʿĀʾisha</a> (1840-1902), poetessa, il già citato Aḥmad Taymūr (1871-1930), appassionato e apprezzato linguista ed esperto di <a href="/wiki/Letteratura_araba" title="Letteratura araba">letteratura araba</a>. Questi fu padre di Maḥmud e di <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taymur" title="Muhammad Taymur">Muḥammad</a> (1892-1921), romanziere, drammaturgo e critico di grande valore, la cui breve vita non gli impedì di assurgere alla massima celebrità in patria e nell'intero mondo arabo. </p><p>Fu Muḥammad, di ritorno dalla <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>, a far conoscere al fratello maggiore <a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Maupassant" title="Guy de Maupassant">Guy de Maupassant</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Realismo_(letteratura)" title="Realismo (letteratura)">realismo</a> letterario, che lo porterà a scrivere alcuni racconti assai apprezzati ancor oggi per la modernità del loro impianto e per la vivida testimonianza della vita sociale d'allora in Egitto, con toni del tutto estranei alla tendenziale retorica romantica dei tempi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_letterato">Il letterato</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Il letterato" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Il letterato"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La tragica e prematura morte dell'amato fratello convinse Maḥmūd a dedicarsi interamente all'impegno attivo letterario, specie nel campo teatrale, al quale <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taymur" title="Muhammad Taymur">Muḥammad</a> aveva cominciato a fornire i primi esempi del suo grande talento.<br /> Un notevole impatto ebbe su di lui anche la lettura di <i> al-Ajniḥa al-mutakassira</i> di <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Gibran" title="Khalil Gibran">Khalīl Jibrān</a>, che da New York conduceva il suo forte impegno culturale in letteratura. </p><p>Dal <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a> cominciò appieno la sua attività di scrittore, che proseguì alacremente, quasi ogni anno, con una serie di racconti, col progressivo e sempre maggiore impiego di <a href="/wiki/Lingua_araba" title="Lingua araba">arabo classico</a> rispetto all'ampio uso di lingua araba parlata messo in atto nei suoi primi scritti (assai apprezzato il racconto <i>Lo Shaykh Ǧumaʿ'</i> del 1925), non sempre con risultati apprezzabili e con una qualche perdita, anzi, della spontaneità dell'ispirazione, in favore di un impianto maggiormente <a href="/wiki/Razionalismo" title="Razionalismo">razionalistico</a> e <a href="/wiki/Realismo_(letteratura)" title="Realismo (letteratura)">realistico</a>. </p><p>La sua fama fu comunque enorme in tutto il mondo arabo. Di lui si parlò sovente come legittimo e degno candidato per il <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel" title="Premio Nobel">Premio Nobel</a> per la letteratura, così come era avvenuto (altrettanto vanamente) per <a href="/wiki/Taha_Hussein" title="Taha Hussein">Ṭāhā Ḥusayn</a>; ma il primo premio nobel per della <a href="/wiki/Letteratura_araba" title="Letteratura araba">letteratura araba</a> venne conferito solo nel 1988 a <a href="/wiki/Nagib_Mahfuz" title="Nagib Mahfuz">Nagib Mahfuz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opere_scelte">Opere scelte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Opere scelte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Opere scelte"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="arabo">AR</abbr></span>) <i>Dirāsāt fī l-qiṣṣa wa l-masra</i>, Il Cairo, al-Maṭbaʿa al-namudājiyya,</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="arabo">AR</abbr></span>) <i>al-Ayyām al-miʾa wa mashāhid ukhrā</i> / الايام المئة ومشاهد أخرى, Il Cairo, Dār nahḍat Miṣr, 1968.</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="arabo">AR</abbr></span>) <i>al-Barūna umm Aḥmad: wa qiṣaṣ ukhrā</i>, Beirut, Maktaba al-asriyya.</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="arabo">AR</abbr></span>) <i>Mabud min tīn</i>, Beirut, Maktaba al-asriyya.</li> <li><i>Lo sheikh Giuma e altri racconti</i>, 1925.</li> <li><i>L'amore di Sami</i>, 1938.</li> <li><i>Il sensale della morte</i>, 1951.</li> <li><i>Il richiamo dell'ignoto</i></li> <li><i>Salwa nel soffio del vento</i></li> <li><i>Cleopatra a Khan Khalili</i></li> <li><i>Arrivederci amore</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kāshif</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a href="/wiki/Carl_Brockelmann" title="Carl Brockelmann">C. Brockelmann</a>, <i>Geschichte der arabisschen Litteratur</i> (GAL) — Suppl. Bd 3. — Leiden, 1941. — S. 218—224, 255—256.</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) H. Peres, "Le roman dans la litterature arabe moderne", in: <i>Annales de l'Institut d’Études Orientales de l'Université d'Alger</i>, Algeri, V (1939-41), pp. 167-86.</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="arabo">AR</abbr></span>) ʿAbd al-Muḥsin Ṭāhā Badr, <i>Taṭawwur al-riwāya al-ʿarabiyya al-ḥadītha fī Miṣr (1870- 1938)</i> (Lo sviluppo della narrativa araba moderna in Egitto), Il Cairo, 1963</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="arabo">AR</abbr></span>) Yaḥyā Ḥaqqī, <i>Fajr al-qiṣṣa al-miṣriyya</i> (L'alba del racconto egiziano), Il Cairo</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Lemma «Maḥmūd Taymūr» (Ch. Vial), su <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Lemma «Maḥmūd Taymūr» (Meisami Julie Scott, Starkey Paul), su <i>Encyclopedia of Arabic literature</i>. Vol. 2 [K-Z], Londra, Routledge, 1998. Libris 4914234. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0415185726" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-18572-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27A%27isha_Taymuriyya" class="mw-redirect" title="'A'isha Taymuriyya">'A'isha Taymuriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taymur" title="Muhammad Taymur">Muhammad Taymur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Husayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Taha Husayn">Taha Husayn</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Taymur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mahmud-Taymur"><span style="font-style:italic;">Maḥmūd Taymūr</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506406#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL5159178A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Mahmud Taymur</span></a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4553393A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mahmud Taymur (altra versione)</span></a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL173777A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mahmud Taymur (altra versione)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506406#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGoodreads" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/2730917"><span style="font-style:italic;">Mahmud Taymur</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506406#P2963" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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