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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alkaloïede</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 82 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="شبه قلوي – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبه قلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidl%C9%99r" title="Alkaloidlər – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alkaloidlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Алкалоіды – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алкалоіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алкалоид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="উপক্ষার – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপক্ষার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%94_%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%B4%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎤᎧᏔ ᎤᏴᏍᏗ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᎧᏔ ᎤᏴᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidy" title="Alkaloidy – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alkaloidy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloide" title="Alkaloide – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alkaloide" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE" title="Αλκαλοειδή – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλκαλοειδή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloido" title="Alkaloido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alkaloido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidid" title="Alkaloidid – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alkaloidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloide" title="Alkaloide – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alkaloide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="آلکالوئید – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلکالوئید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidit" title="Alkaloidit – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alkaloidit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalo%C3%AFde" title="Alcaloïde – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alcaloïde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcal%C3%B3ideach" title="Alcalóideach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alcalóideach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloyd" title="Alkaloyd – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Alkaloyd" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93" title="אלקלואיד – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלקלואיד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1" title="एल्कलॉएड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एल्कलॉएड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidi" title="Alkaloidi – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alkaloidi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidok" title="Alkaloidok – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alkaloidok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալկալոիդներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալկալոիդներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloido" title="Alkaloido – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alkaloido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beiskjuefni" title="Beiskjuefni – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Beiskjuefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloidi" title="Alcaloidi – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alcaloidi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89" title="アルカロイド – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルカロイド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალკალოიდები – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალკალოიდები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алкалоидтар – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алкалоидтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಆಲ್ಕಲಾಯ್ಡ್‌ಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲ್ಕಲಾಯ್ಡ್‌ಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%B9%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="알칼로이드 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알칼로이드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алкалоиддер – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Алкалоиддер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloides" title="Alcaloides – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alcaloides" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidas" title="Alkaloidas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alkaloidas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalo%C4%ABdi" title="Alkaloīdi – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alkaloīdi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алкалоид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ആൽക്കലോയ്ഡ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽക്കലോയ്ഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalo%C3%AFde" title="Alkaloïde – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alkaloïde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalo%C3%AFde" title="Alcaloïde – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alcaloïde" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidy" title="Alkaloidy – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alkaloidy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="القلويد – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="القلويد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloide" title="Alcaloide – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alcaloide" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaloid" title="Alcaloid – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alcaloid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Алкалоиды – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алкалоиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алкалоид" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidet" title="Alkaloidet – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alkaloidet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алкалоид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="క్షారమయం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్షారమయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Алкалоидҳо – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алкалоидҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แอลคาลอยด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอลคาลอยด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Алкалоидлар – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алкалоидлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алкалоидтер – Tuvinees" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Алкалоидтер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Алкалоїди – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алкалоїди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloidlar" title="Alkaloidlar – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alkaloidlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alkaloid" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A2%B1" title="生物碱 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物碱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ალკალოიდეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალკალოიდეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%B9%BC" title="生物鹼 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物鹼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%B9%BC" title="生物鹼 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物鹼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q70702#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alkalo%C3%AFede" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Alkalo%C3%AFede" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg/220px-Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg/330px-Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg/440px-Papaver_somniferum_2021_G4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Die eerste individuele alkaloïed, morfien, is in 1804 van die <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opiumpapaver</a> (<i>Papaver somniferum</i>) geïsoleer.<sup id="cite_ref-Luch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Ephedrine_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ephedrine_v2.svg/220px-Ephedrine_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ephedrine_v2.svg/330px-Ephedrine_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ephedrine_v2.svg/440px-Ephedrine_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Chemiese struktuur van efedrien.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Caffeine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/180px-Caffeine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/270px-Caffeine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/360px-Caffeine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>Chemiese struktuur van kafeïen</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alkaloïede</b> is 'n klas basiese, natuurlik voorkomende <a href="/wiki/Organiese_verbinding" title="Organiese verbinding">organiese verbindings</a> wat ten minste een <a href="/wiki/Stikstof" title="Stikstof">stikstofatoom</a> bevat. Hierdie groep bevat ook 'n aantal verwante verbindings met neutrale<sup id="cite_ref-Goldbook_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en selfs swak suur-eienskappe.<sup id="cite_ref-Manske1979_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manske1979-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige sintetiese verbindings met 'n soortgelyke struktuur kan ook alkaloïede genoem word.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis1988_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis1988-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benewens <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof">waterstof</a> en stikstof, kan alkaloïede ook <a href="/wiki/Suurstof" title="Suurstof">suurstof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swawel" title="Swawel">swawel</a> en, meer selde, ander elemente soos <a href="/wiki/Chloor" title="Chloor">chloor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broom" title="Broom">broom</a> en <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a> bevat.<sup id="cite_ref-Xumuk.ru_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xumuk.ru-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alkaloïede word deur 'n groot verskeidenheid organismes geproduseer, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Bakterie" title="Bakterie">bakterie</a>ë, <a href="/wiki/Swam" title="Swam">swamme</a>, plante en diere.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit kan gesuiwer word uit ru-ekstrakte van hierdie organismes deur suur-basis-ekstraksie of oplosmiddel-ekstraksies gevolg deur silika-gel-kolom<a href="/wiki/Chromatografie" title="Chromatografie">chromatografie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonzales_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonzales-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alkaloïede het 'n wye verskeidenheid farmakologiese aktiwiteite, insluitend anti<a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> (bv. kinien), antiastma (bv. efedrien), anti<a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a> (bv. homoharringtonien),<sup id="cite_ref-PCS2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCS2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vasodilatoriese (veroorsaak verbreding van bloedvate) (bv. vinkamien), antiaritmiese (onderdruk abnormale hartritmes) (bv. kinidien), pynstillende (bv. <a href="/wiki/Morfien" title="Morfien">morfien</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-morfien_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morfien-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> anti<a href="/wiki/Bakterie" title="Bakterie">bakteriese</a> (bv. cheleritrien),<sup id="cite_ref-TBA2014_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBA2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en <a href="/wiki/Suikersiekte" class="mw-redirect" title="Suikersiekte">antihiperglisemiese</a> (bv. piperien)<sup id="cite_ref-SHA2014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHA2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aktiwiteite. Ander alkaloïede het <a href="/wiki/Psigotropiese_middel" title="Psigotropiese middel">psigotropiese</a> (bv. psilosin) en stimulerende aktiwiteite (bv. <a href="/wiki/Koka%C3%AFen" title="Kokaïen">kokaïen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kafe%C3%AFen" title="Kafeïen">kafeïen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikotien" title="Nikotien">nikotien</a>, teobromien),<sup id="cite_ref-How_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en is gebruik in rituele of as ontspanningsmiddels. Alkaloïede kan ook giftig wees (bv. atropien, tubokurarien).<sup id="cite_ref-JMV1996_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMV1996-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alhoewel alkaloïede 'n verskeidenheid metaboliese stelsels by mense en ander diere beïnvloed, het dit 'n byna eenvormige bitter smaak of nasmaak.<sup id="cite_ref-Rhoades1979_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rhoades1979-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die skeidingslyn tussen alkaloïede en ander stikstofbevattende natuurlike verbindings is nie duidelik nie.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyers2002_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyers2002-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verbindings soos aminosuur<a href="/wiki/Peptied" title="Peptied">peptiede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFen" title="Proteïen">proteïene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nukleotied" title="Nukleotied">nukleotiede</a>, nukleïensuur, <a href="/wiki/Amien" title="Amien">amiene</a> en <a href="/wiki/Antibiotika" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotika">antibiotika</a> word gewoonlik nie alkaloïede genoem nie.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldbook_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldbook-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natuurlike <a href="/wiki/Aromatiese_verbinding" title="Aromatiese verbinding">alifatiese verbindings</a> met stikstof in eksosikliese posisie (meskalien, serotonien, <a href="/wiki/Dopamien" title="Dopamien">dopamien</a>, ens.) word gewoonlik as <a href="/wiki/Amien" title="Amien">amiene</a> geklassifiseer eerder as as alkaloïede.<sup id="cite_ref-Cseke2016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cseke2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige outeurs beskou alkaloïede egter as 'n spesiale geval van amiene.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1999_p._433_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_1999_p._433-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bansal_2003_p._644_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bansal_2003_p._644-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aniszewski_110_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aniszewski_110-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkalo%C3%AFede&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alkalo%C3%AFede&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Luch-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Luch_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFLuch2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luch, Andreas (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtOiLVWBn8cC&pg=PA20"><i>Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology</i></a> (in Engels). Springer. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-7643-8335-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-3-7643-8335-0"><bdi>978-3-7643-8335-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molecular%2C+clinical+and+environmental+toxicology&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-7643-8335-0&rft.aulast=Luch&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtOiLVWBn8cC%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldbook-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Goldbook_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Goldbook_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"alkaloids". <i>IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology</i> (in Engels). Research Triagle Park, NC: IUPAC. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.a00220">10.1351/goldbook.a00220</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-9678550-9-8" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-9678550-9-8"><bdi>0-9678550-9-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=alkaloids&rft.btitle=IUPAC+Compendium+of+Chemical+Terminology&rft.place=Research+Triagle+Park%2C+NC&rft.pub=IUPAC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fgoldbook.a00220&rft.isbn=0-9678550-9-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manske1979-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Manske1979_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFManske1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Manske, R.H.F. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lsiqvwEACAAJ"><i>The alkaloids: chemistry and physiology. (17)</i></a> (in Engels). Academic Press. p. 673<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Desember</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+alkaloids%3A+chemistry+and+physiology.+%2817%29&rft.pages=673&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Manske&rft.aufirst=R.H.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlsiqvwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis1988-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis1988_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lewis, R.A. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=caTqdbD7j4AC&pg=PA51"><i>Lewis' Dictionary of Toxicology</i></a> (in Engels). Taylor & Francis. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-56670-223-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-56670-223-2"><bdi>978-1-56670-223-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Desember</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lewis%27+Dictionary+of+Toxicology&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-56670-223-2&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcaTqdbD7j4AC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xumuk.ru-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Xumuk.ru_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xumuk.ru/encyklopedia/119.html">"ALKALOIDS"</a>. <i>Xumuk.ru</i> (in Russies)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Desember</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xumuk.ru&rft.atitle=ALKALOIDS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xumuk.ru%2Fencyklopedia%2F119.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertsWink1998c" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Roberts, Margaret F.; Wink, Michael (1998c). <i>Alkaloids : Biochemistry, Ecology, and Medicinal Applications</i> (in Engels). Boston, MA: Springer US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781475729054" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781475729054"><bdi>9781475729054</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/851770197">851770197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alkaloids+%3A+Biochemistry%2C+Ecology%2C+and+Medicinal+Applications&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Springer+US&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F851770197&rft.isbn=9781475729054&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Margaret+F.&rft.au=Wink%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gonzales-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gonzales_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFGonçalves_Paterson_FoxRuss_SolisAparecido_dos_Santos_Pinto,_Jose_Roberto;_Ribeiro_da_Silva_Menegasso,_Anally;_Cardoso_Maciel_Costa_Silva,_Rafael;_Sergio_Palma,_Mario;_Correa_Bueno,_Odair;_de_Alcântara_Machado,_Ednildo2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gonçalves Paterson Fox, Eduardo; Russ Solis, Daniel Delazari dos Santos; Aparecido dos Santos Pinto, Jose Roberto; Ribeiro da Silva Menegasso, Anally; Cardoso Maciel Costa Silva, Rafael; Sergio Palma, Mario; Correa Bueno, Odair; de Alcântara Machado, Ednildo (April 2013). "A simple, rapid method for the extraction of whole fire ant venom (Insecta: Formicidae: Solenopsis)". <i>Toxicon</i> (in Engels). <b>65</b>: 5–8. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2012.12.009">10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.12.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11449%2F74946">11449/74946</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23333648">23333648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon&rft.atitle=A+simple%2C+rapid+method+for+the+extraction+of+whole+fire+ant+venom+%28Insecta%3A+Formicidae%3A+Solenopsis%29&rft.volume=65&rft.pages=5-8&rft.date=2013-04&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11449%2F74946&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23333648&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2012.12.009&rft.aulast=Gon%C3%A7alves+Paterson+Fox&rft.aufirst=Eduardo&rft.au=Russ+Solis%2C+Daniel+Delazari+dos+Santos&rft.au=Aparecido+dos+Santos+Pinto%2C+Jose+Roberto%3B+Ribeiro+da+Silva+Menegasso%2C+Anally%3B+Cardoso+Maciel+Costa+Silva%2C+Rafael%3B+Sergio+Palma%2C+Mario%3B+Correa+Bueno%2C+Odair%3B+de+Alc%C3%A2ntara+Machado%2C+Ednildo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCS2014-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PCS2014_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFKittakoopMahidolRuchirawat2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kittakoop, P; Mahidol, C; Ruchirawat, S (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/895681">"Alkaloids as important scaffolds in therapeutic drugs for the treatments of cancer, tuberculosis, and smoking cessation"</a>. <i>Curr Top Med Chem</i> (in Engels). <b>14</b> (2): 239–252. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F1568026613666131216105049">10.2174/1568026613666131216105049</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24359196">24359196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curr+Top+Med+Chem&rft.atitle=Alkaloids+as+important+scaffolds+in+therapeutic+drugs+for+the+treatments+of+cancer%2C+tuberculosis%2C+and+smoking+cessation&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=239-252&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F1568026613666131216105049&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24359196&rft.aulast=Kittakoop&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Mahidol%2C+C&rft.au=Ruchirawat%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F895681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morfien-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-morfien_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_S._SinatraJonathan_S._JahrJ._Michael_Watkins-Pitchford2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Raymond S. Sinatra; Jonathan S. Jahr; J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford (2010). <i>The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics</i> (in Engels). Cambridge University Press. pp. 82–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1139491983" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1139491983"><bdi>978-1139491983</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essence+of+Analgesia+and+Analgesics&rft.pages=82-90&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1139491983&rft.au=Raymond+S.+Sinatra&rft.au=Jonathan+S.+Jahr&rft.au=J.+Michael+Watkins-Pitchford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBA2014-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TBA2014_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFCushnieCushnieLamb2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cushnie, TP; Cushnie, B; Lamb, A.J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1004771">"Alkaloids: An overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities"</a>. <i>Int J Antimicrob Agents</i> (in Engels). <b>44</b> (5): 377–386. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2014.06.001">10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25130096">25130096</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Int+J+Antimicrob+Agents&rft.atitle=Alkaloids%3A+An+overview+of+their+antibacterial%2C+antibiotic-enhancing+and+antivirulence+activities&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=377-386&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2014.06.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25130096&rft.aulast=Cushnie&rft.aufirst=TP&rft.au=Cushnie%2C+B&rft.au=Lamb%2C+A.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1004771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SHA2014-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SHA2014_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFQiuSunZhangXu2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Qiu, S; Sun, H; Zhang, AH; Xu, HY; Yan, GL; Han, Y; Wang, XJ (2014). "Natural alkaloids: basic aspects, biological roles, and future perspectives". <i>Chin J Nat Med</i> (in Engels). <b>12</b> (6): 401–406. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1875-5364%2814%2960063-7">10.1016/S1875-5364(14)60063-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24969519">24969519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chin+J+Nat+Med&rft.atitle=Natural+alkaloids%3A+basic+aspects%2C+biological+roles%2C+and+future+perspectives&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=401-406&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1875-5364%2814%2960063-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24969519&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Sun%2C+H&rft.au=Zhang%2C+AH&rft.au=Xu%2C+HY&rft.au=Yan%2C+GL&rft.au=Han%2C+Y&rft.au=Wang%2C+XJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-How-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-How_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/alkaloid-info.htm">"Alkaloid"</a> (in Engels). 18 Desember 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alkaloid&rft.date=2007-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.howstuffworks.com%2Falkaloid-info.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JMV1996-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JMV1996_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFRobbers_JESpeedie_MKTyler_VE1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Robbers JE; Speedie MK; Tyler VE (1996). "Chapter 9: Alkaloids". <i>Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology</i> (in Engels). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. pp. 143–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0683085006" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0683085006"><bdi>978-0683085006</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+Alkaloids&rft.btitle=Pharmacognosy+and+Pharmacobiotechnology&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=143-185&rft.pub=Lippincott%2C+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0683085006&rft.au=Robbers+JE&rft.au=Speedie+MK&rft.au=Tyler+VE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rhoades1979-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rhoades1979_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFRhoades,_David_F1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rhoades, David F (1979). "Evolution of Plant Chemical Defense against Herbivores". In Rosenthal, Gerald A.; Janzen, Daniel H (reds.). <i>Herbivores: Their Interaction with Secondary Plant Metabolites</i> (in Engels). New York: Academic Press. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-12-597180-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-12-597180-5"><bdi>978-0-12-597180-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+Plant+Chemical+Defense+against+Herbivores&rft.btitle=Herbivores%3A+Their+Interaction+with+Secondary+Plant+Metabolites&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-12-597180-5&rft.au=Rhoades%2C+David+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyers2002-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Meyers2002_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFMeyers2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meyers, Robert (2002). <i>Encyclopedia of physical science and technology</i> (in Engels). San Diego: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-12-227411-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-12-227411-3"><bdi>0-12-227411-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/47767168">47767168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+physical+science+and+technology&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47767168&rft.isbn=0-12-227411-3&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cseke2016-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cseke2016_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFCsekeKirakosyanKaufmanWarber2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cseke, L.J.; Kirakosyan, A.; Kaufman, P.B.; Warber, S.; Duke, J.A.; Brielmann, H.L. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wV2T41nGFc4C&pg=PA30"><i>Natural Products from Plants</i></a> (in Engels). CRC Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-4200-0447-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-4200-0447-2"><bdi>978-1-4200-0447-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Desember</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Products+from+Plants&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4200-0447-2&rft.aulast=Cseke&rft.aufirst=L.J.&rft.au=Kirakosyan%2C+A.&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+P.B.&rft.au=Warber%2C+S.&rft.au=Duke%2C+J.A.&rft.au=Brielmann%2C+H.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwV2T41nGFc4C%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson_1999_p._433-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1999_p._433_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Johnson, A.W. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0X4cQus2gz8C&pg=PA433"><i>Invitation to Organic Chemistry</i></a>. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series (in Engels). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 433. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-7637-0432-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-7637-0432-2"><bdi>978-0-7637-0432-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Desember</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invitation+to+Organic+Chemistry&rft.series=G+-+Reference%2C+Information+and+Interdisciplinary+Subjects+Series&rft.pages=433&rft.pub=Jones+and+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-0432-2&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=A.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0X4cQus2gz8C%26pg%3DPA433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bansal_2003_p._644-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bansal_2003_p._644_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFBansal2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bansal, R.K. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1B6ijcTkD5EC&pg=PA644"><i>A Textbook of Organic Chemistry</i></a> (in Engels). New Age International Limited. p. 644. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-81-224-1459-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-81-224-1459-2"><bdi>978-81-224-1459-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Desember</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Textbook+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.pages=644&rft.pub=New+Age+International+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-224-1459-2&rft.aulast=Bansal&rft.aufirst=R.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1B6ijcTkD5EC%26pg%3DPA644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aniszewski_110-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Aniszewski_110_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490" /><cite id="CITEREFAniszewski,_Tadeusz2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aniszewski, Tadeusz (2007). <i>Alkaloids – secrets of life</i> (in Engels). Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-444-52736-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-444-52736-3"><bdi>978-0-444-52736-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alkaloids+%E2%80%93+secrets+of+life&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-444-52736-3&rft.au=Aniszewski%2C+Tadeusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AAlkalo%C3%AFede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70702&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70702&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70702" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX524887">XX524887</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944043x">cb11944043x</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944043x">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4068543-3">4068543-3</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85003598">sh85003598</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560348">00560348</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118351&CON_LNG=ENG">ph118351</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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