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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_obstruyente" title="Consonante obstruyente – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Consonante obstruyente" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Obstruent" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_obstruent" title="Consonant obstruent – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consonant obstruent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Obstruent" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_obstruyente" title="Consonante obstruyente – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consonante obstruyente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruanto" title="Bruanto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bruanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabari" title="Trabari – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trabari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87" title="گرفته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرفته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_obstruante" title="Consonne obstruante – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne obstruante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EC%95%A0%EC%9D%8C" title="장애음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장애음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B2%D5%B4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աղմկային բաղաձայններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աղմկային բաղաձայններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_hambat" title="Konsonan hambat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan hambat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_costrittiva" title="Consonante costrittiva – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consonante costrittiva" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עיצורים סותמים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצורים סותמים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrictiva_(consonans)" title="Constrictiva (consonans) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constrictiva (consonans)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troksnenis" title="Troksnenis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Troksnenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Препречна согласка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Препречна согласка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രതിബദ്ധം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രതിബദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Obstruent" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E5%AE%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="阻害音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="阻害音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruenter" title="Obstruenter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Obstruenter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Obstruent" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obstruent" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoante_obstruente" title="Consoante obstruente – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Consoante obstruente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_obstructiv%C4%83" title="Consoană obstructivă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană obstructivă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Шумные согласные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шумные согласные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezvo%C4%8Dnik" title="Nezvočnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nezvočnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruentti" title="Obstruentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Obstruentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Obstruent" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Обструенти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обструенти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="阻音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阻音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1148563#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obstruent&oldid=857577414" title="Obstruent">Revision as of 16:17, 1 September 2018</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obstruent&action=edit&oldid=857577414" title="Obstruent">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2018-09-01T16:17:45Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9" data-mw-revid="857577414"><bdi>2600:1700:95c0:7280:adf5:e2d9:ed96:f6e9</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9 (page does not exist)">talk</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">I replaced a medical word with articulation</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tags</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_edit">Mobile edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_web_edit">Mobile web edit</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obstruent&diff=prev&oldid=857577414" title="Obstruent" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obstruent&oldid=857578577" title="Obstruent">Revision as of 16:27, 1 September 2018</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obstruent&action=edit&oldid=857578577" title="Obstruent">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2018-09-01T16:27:36Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obstruent&action=edit&undoafter=857577414&undo=857578577" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Nardog" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Nardog" data-mw-revid="857578577"><bdi>Nardog</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Nardog" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Nardog">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Nardog" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Nardog">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter_helper" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter helper">Edit filter helpers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autopatrolled" title="Wikipedia:Autopatrolled">Autopatrolled</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers" title="Wikipedia:New pages patrol/Reviewers">New page reviewers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reviewing_pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Reviewing pending changes">Pending changes reviewers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rollback" title="Wikipedia:Rollback">Rollbackers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_editor" title="Wikipedia:Template editor">Template editors</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>80,086</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Undid revision 857577414 by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9" title="Special:Contributions/2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9">2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:2600:1700:95C0:7280:ADF5:E2D9:ED96:F6E9 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) here it means an obstruction of air</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mw-undo"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Undo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Undo">Undo</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obstruent&diff=next&oldid=857578577" title="Obstruent" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>An '''obstruent''' is a speech sound such as {{IPA|[k]}}, {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}}, or {{IPA|[f]}} that is formed by ''obstructing'' airflow. Obstruents contrast with [[sonorant]]s, which have no such obstruction and so resonate. All obstruents are [[consonant]]s, but sonorants include both [[vowel]]s and consonants.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>An '''obstruent''' is a speech sound such as {{IPA|[k]}}, {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}}, or {{IPA|[f]}} that is formed by ''obstructing'' airflow. Obstruents contrast with [[sonorant]]s, which have no such obstruction and so resonate. All obstruents are [[consonant]]s, but sonorants include both [[vowel]]s and consonants.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Obstruents are subdivided into [[stop consonant|plosives]] (oral stops), such as {{IPA|[p, t, k, b, d, ɡ]}}, with complete <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">articulation</del> of the vocal tract, often followed by a release burst; [[fricative]]s, such as {{IPA|[f, s, ʃ, x, v, z, ʒ, ɣ]}}, with limited closure, not stopping airflow but making it turbulent; and [[affricate]]s, which begin with complete occlusion but then release into a fricative-like release, such as {{IPA|[t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ]}}.<ref>Zsiga, Elizabeth. ''The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology''. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.</ref> Obstruents are prototypically [[voiceless consonant|voiceless]], but voiced obstruents are common. This contrasts with sonorants, which are prototypically voiced and only rarely voiceless.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Obstruents are subdivided into [[stop consonant|plosives]] (oral stops), such as {{IPA|[p, t, k, b, d, ɡ]}}, with complete <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">occlusion</ins> of the vocal tract, often followed by a release burst; [[fricative]]s, such as {{IPA|[f, s, ʃ, x, v, z, ʒ, ɣ]}}, with limited closure, not stopping airflow but making it turbulent; and [[affricate]]s, which begin with complete occlusion but then release into a fricative-like release, such as {{IPA|[t͡ʃ] and [d͡ʒ]}}.<ref>Zsiga, Elizabeth. ''The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology''. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.</ref> Obstruents are prototypically [[voiceless consonant|voiceless]], but voiced obstruents are common. This contrasts with sonorants, which are prototypically voiced and only rarely voiceless.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==See also==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==See also==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 16:27, 1 September 2018</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Obstruent" title="Special:EditPage/Obstruent">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Obstruent%22">"Obstruent"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Obstruent%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Obstruent%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Obstruent%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Obstruent%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Obstruent%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Manner_of_articulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Manner of articulation (page does not exist)">Template:Manner of articulation</a> An <b>obstruent</b> is a speech sound such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d͡ʒ]</span>, or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]</span> that is formed by <i>obstructing</i> airflow. Obstruents contrast with <a href="/wiki/Sonorant" title="Sonorant">sonorants</a>, which have no such obstruction and so resonate. All obstruents are <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonants</a>, but sonorants include both <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a> and consonants. </p><p>Obstruents are subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">plosives</a> (oral stops), such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>k,<span class="wrap"> </span>b,<span class="wrap"> </span>d,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɡ]</span>, with complete occlusion of the vocal tract, often followed by a release burst; <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricatives</a>, such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f,<span class="wrap"> </span>s,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃ,<span class="wrap"> </span>x,<span class="wrap"> </span>v,<span class="wrap"> </span>z,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʒ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣ]</span>, with limited closure, not stopping airflow but making it turbulent; and <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricates</a>, which begin with complete occlusion but then release into a fricative-like release, such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t͡ʃ]<span class="wrap"> </span>and<span class="wrap"> </span>[d͡ʒ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obstruents are prototypically <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless consonant">voiceless</a>, but voiced obstruents are common. This contrasts with sonorants, which are prototypically voiced and only rarely voiceless. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_phonetics_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of phonetics topics">List of phonetics topics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zsiga, Elizabeth. <i>The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIan_Maddieson1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" title="Ian Maddieson">Ian Maddieson</a> (1984). <i>Patterns of Sounds</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26536-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26536-3"><bdi>0-521-26536-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patterns+of+Sounds&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-521-26536-3&rft.au=Ian+Maddieson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObstruent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" title="Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" title="Ian Maddieson">Maddieson, Ian</a> (1996). <a href="/wiki/The_Sounds_of_the_World%27s_Languages" title="The Sounds of the World's Languages"><i>The Sounds of the World's Languages</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-19815-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-19815-6"><bdi>0-631-19815-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-631-19815-6&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObstruent" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linguistics_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Linguistics_stub.svg/40px-Linguistics_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Linguistics_stub.svg/60px-Linguistics_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Linguistics_stub.svg/80px-Linguistics_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="73" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">phonetics</a> article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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