CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Rallying - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"171a0bba-0f52-4955-a4e5-0854d7e5615c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Rallying","wgTitle":"Rallying","wgCurRevisionId":1275979196,"wgRevisionId":1275979196,"wgArticleId":52245,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Estonian-language sources (et)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with incomplete citations","Articles with incomplete citations from June 2024","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Rallying"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName" :"Rallying","wgRelevantArticleId":52245,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7856","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg/1200px-Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1589"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg/800px-Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1060"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg/640px-Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="848"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rallying - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallying"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallying"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rallying rootpage-Rallying skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rallying" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rallying" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rallying" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rallying" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rally_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rally_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rally types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rally_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rally types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rally_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_rallies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_rallies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Road rallies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_rallies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regularity_rally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regularity_rally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Regularity rally</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regularity_rally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time-Speed-Distance_(TSD_rally)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time-Speed-Distance_(TSD_rally)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Time-Speed-Distance (TSD rally)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time-Speed-Distance_(TSD_rally)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navigational_rally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigational_rally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Navigational rally</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navigational_rally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gimmick_rallies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gimmick_rallies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Gimmick rallies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gimmick_rallies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed_competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Speed competitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross-country_rallies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-country_rallies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Cross-country rallies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-country_rallies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hill_Rally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hill_Rally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Hill Rally</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hill_Rally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Touring_assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Touring_assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Touring assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Touring_assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rally_derivatives_and_relatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rally_derivatives_and_relatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Rally derivatives and relatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rally_derivatives_and_relatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Trials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Racing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rallying_as_road_competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rallying_as_road_competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rallying as road competitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rallying_as_road_competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_of_motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_of_motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Origins of motorsport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_of_motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interwar_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interwar_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Interwar years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Post-World War II years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.2</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.3</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercontinental_rallying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercontinental_rallying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Intercontinental rallying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercontinental_rallying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction_of_special_stages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction_of_special_stages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Introduction of special stages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction_of_special_stages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Modern times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Off_road_(cross_country)_rallying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Off_road_(cross_country)_rallying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Off road (cross country) rallying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Off_road_(cross_country)_rallying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics_of_a_rally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics_of_a_rally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics of a rally</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics_of_a_rally-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics of a rally subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics_of_a_rally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Itinerary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Itinerary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Itinerary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Itinerary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_stage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Special stage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recce_and_pacenotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recce_and_pacenotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Recce and pacenotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recce_and_pacenotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_park_or_bivouac" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_park_or_bivouac"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Service park or bivouac</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_park_or_bivouac-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Participants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Participants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Participants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Participants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Driver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Driver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Driver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Driver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Co-driver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Co-driver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Co-driver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Co-driver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Team" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Team"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Team</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Team-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vehicles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vehicles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vehicles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Groups_1–4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups_1–4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Groups 1–4</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groups_1–4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Four-wheel-drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four-wheel-drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Four-wheel-drive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four-wheel-drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groups_N/A/B" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groups_N/A/B"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Groups N/A/B</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groups_N/A/B-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rally_Specific_cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rally_Specific_cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Rally Specific cars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rally_Specific_cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross-country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Cross-country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Alternative energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Historic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Any_vehicle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Any_vehicle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Any vehicle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Any_vehicle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rally_driving_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rally_driving_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Rally driving techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rally_driving_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rally_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rally_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Rally events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rally_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Related</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rallying</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tydren" title="Tydren – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tydren" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="سباقات السرعة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سباقات السرعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ралі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ралі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Рали – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рали" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli" title="Reli – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Reli" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ral%C2%B7li" title="Ral·li – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ral·li" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallye" title="Rallye – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rallye" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ral%C3%AFo" title="Ralïo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ralïo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallye" title="Rallye – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rallye" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoralli" title="Autoralli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Autoralli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%85" title="Ράλλυ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ράλλυ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralio" title="Ralio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ralio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="رالی (اتومبیل‌رانی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رالی (اتومبیل‌رانی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallye_automobile" title="Rallye automobile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rallye automobile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="랠리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랠리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli" title="Reli – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Reli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli" title="Reli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99" title="ראלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Ралли – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ралли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Ралли – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ралли" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorallijs" title="Autorallijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Autorallijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobili%C5%B3_ralis" title="Automobilių ralis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Automobilių ralis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rali" title="Rali – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rali" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Рели – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рели" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ラリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtoralli" title="Avtoralli – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avtoralli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajd_samochodowy" title="Rajd samochodowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rajd samochodowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rali" title="Rali – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rali" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raliu" title="Raliu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Raliu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Ралли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ралли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rely" title="Rely – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rely" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli" title="Reli – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Reli" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralli" title="Ralli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ralli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralli" title="Ralli – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ralli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82)" title="Ралі (спорт) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ралі (спорт)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C5%82i" title="Rełi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rełi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rally" title="Rally – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Rally" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8A%9B%E8%B5%9B" title="拉力赛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉力赛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7856#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Rallying" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rallying"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rallying"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Rallying" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Rallying" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&oldid=1275979196" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Rallying&id=1275979196&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRallying"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRallying"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rallying&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rallying" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7856" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form of motorsport</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rallying_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Rallying (disambiguation)">Rallying (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg/290px-Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg/435px-Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg/580px-Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="2090" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Petter_Solberg" title="Petter Solberg">Petter Solberg</a> driving a <a href="/wiki/Subaru" title="Subaru">Subaru</a> <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC" title="Subaru Impreza WRC">Impreza WRC</a> on gravel at the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Rally" title="Cyprus Rally">Cyprus Rally</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a> event</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rallying</b> is a wide-ranging form of <a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">motorsport</a> with various competitive motoring elements such as speed tests (sometimes called "rally racing" in United States), navigation tests, or the ability to reach waypoints or a destination at a prescribed time or average speed. Rallies may be short in the form of trials at a single venue, or several thousand miles long in an extreme endurance rally. </p><p>Depending on the format, rallies may be organised on private or public roads, open or closed to traffic, or off-road in the form of cross country or rally-raid. Competitors can use <a href="/wiki/Production_vehicle" title="Production vehicle">production</a> vehicles which must be <a href="/wiki/Street-legal_vehicle" title="Street-legal vehicle">road-legal</a> if being used on open roads or specially built competition vehicles suited to crossing specific terrain. </p><p>In most cases rallying distinguishes itself from other forms of motorsport by not running directly against other competitors over laps of a <a href="/wiki/Race_track" title="Race track">circuit</a>, but instead in a point-to-point format in which participants leave at regular intervals from one or more start points. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rally_types">Rally types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rally types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rallies generally fall under two categories, road rallies and cross-country (off-road). Different types of rally are described however a rally may be a mix of types. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_rallies">Road rallies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Road rallies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Road rallies are the original form held on public highways open to traffic. In its annually published <a href="/wiki/International_Sporting_Code" title="International Sporting Code">International Sporting Code</a>, the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile" title="Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile">Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile</a> (FIA) includes the following definition of rally:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Rally:</b> Road Competition with an imposed average speed run entirely or partly on roads open to normal traffic. A Rally consists either of a single itinerary..., or of several itineraries converging on a rallying-point fixed beforehand.... The route may include one or several special stages, i.e. events organised on roads closed to normal traffic, and which together determine the general classification of the Rally. The itineraries which are not used for special stages are called road sections. Speed must never constitute a factor determining the classification on these road sections.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>2022 FIA International Sporting Code<sup id="cite_ref-ISC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Article 20 Definitions</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regularity_rally">Regularity rally</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regularity rally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an exclusively regularity rally, the aim is to adhere to the itinerary by following the route and arriving and departing at checkpoints at the prescribed time, with penalties applied to entrants who arrive early, late or who deviate from the route. The entrants with the fewest penalties at the end of the rally are the winners. In trying to maintain the set average speed/s, the reliability of the vehicle, and the ability of the crew to drive, navigate and follow the itinerary is tested. Most non-regularity rally itineraries follow this base structure even where driving tests or special stages are used, however these would not then be described as a regularity rally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Time-Speed-Distance_(TSD_rally)"><span id="Time-Speed-Distance_.28TSD_rally.29"></span>Time-Speed-Distance (TSD rally)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Time-Speed-Distance (TSD rally)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar to a regularity rally, the itinerary may advise a time and/or distance, or may only advise a target average speed with no indication where the checkpoints may be.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Navigational_rally">Navigational rally</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Navigational rally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ability of the crew to follow road signs or directions of varying depth of information is tested. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gimmick_rallies">Gimmick rallies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gimmick rallies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gimmick rallies have less of a concern on timekeeping or driving ability and include other fun and games. Examples include: </p> <ul><li>Monte-Carlo styles (Monte Carlo, Pan Am, Pan Carlo, Continental)</li> <li>logic</li> <li>observation</li> <li>treasure hunts<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul><p> These rallies are primarily amateur events.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerycaption">Rallying on public roads</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porsche_Speedster_Sachs_Franken_Classic_2018_5201320.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Porsche Speedster in a regularity rally for historic vehicles, no additional safety equipment such as a roll cage or helmets are needed"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Porsche_Speedster_Sachs_Franken_Classic_2018_5201320.jpg/240px-Porsche_Speedster_Sachs_Franken_Classic_2018_5201320.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Porsche_Speedster_Sachs_Franken_Classic_2018_5201320.jpg/360px-Porsche_Speedster_Sachs_Franken_Classic_2018_5201320.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Porsche_Speedster_Sachs_Franken_Classic_2018_5201320.jpg/480px-Porsche_Speedster_Sachs_Franken_Classic_2018_5201320.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4588" data-file-height="3441" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Porsche_Speedster" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche Speedster">Porsche Speedster</a> in a regularity rally for historic vehicles, no additional safety equipment such as a roll cage or helmets are needed</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_WRC_sur_circulation_public.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ford Focus on a road section of a WRC rally"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ford_WRC_sur_circulation_public.JPG/270px-Ford_WRC_sur_circulation_public.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ford_WRC_sur_circulation_public.JPG/405px-Ford_WRC_sur_circulation_public.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Ford_WRC_sur_circulation_public.JPG/540px-Ford_WRC_sur_circulation_public.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC" title="Ford Focus RS WRC">Ford Focus</a> on a road section of a WRC rally</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 112px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rallye_des_Princesses_2014_Ch%C3%A2teaudun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Road rally passing through an urban setting"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Rallye_des_Princesses_2014_Ch%C3%A2teaudun.jpg/165px-Rallye_des_Princesses_2014_Ch%C3%A2teaudun.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Rallye_des_Princesses_2014_Ch%C3%A2teaudun.jpg/248px-Rallye_des_Princesses_2014_Ch%C3%A2teaudun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Rallye_des_Princesses_2014_Ch%C3%A2teaudun.jpg/331px-Rallye_des_Princesses_2014_Ch%C3%A2teaudun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="2734" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 90px"><div class="gallerytext">Road rally passing through an urban setting</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lancia_Fulvia_1.6_Coup%C3%A9_HF_-_1972_Press-on-Regardless_Rally.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crew repairing a Lancia Fulvia on an urban street of the 1972 Press on Regardless Rally"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lancia_Fulvia_1.6_Coup%C3%A9_HF_-_1972_Press-on-Regardless_Rally.jpg/240px-Lancia_Fulvia_1.6_Coup%C3%A9_HF_-_1972_Press-on-Regardless_Rally.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lancia_Fulvia_1.6_Coup%C3%A9_HF_-_1972_Press-on-Regardless_Rally.jpg/360px-Lancia_Fulvia_1.6_Coup%C3%A9_HF_-_1972_Press-on-Regardless_Rally.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Lancia_Fulvia_1.6_Coup%C3%A9_HF_-_1972_Press-on-Regardless_Rally.jpg/480px-Lancia_Fulvia_1.6_Coup%C3%A9_HF_-_1972_Press-on-Regardless_Rally.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Crew repairing a <a href="/wiki/Lancia_Fulvia" title="Lancia Fulvia">Lancia Fulvia</a> on an urban street of the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Press-on-Regardless_Rally" title="Press-on-Regardless Rally">Press on Regardless Rally</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ttarga_Tasmania_2010_Car_626_Start.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Start of a targa road rally"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ttarga_Tasmania_2010_Car_626_Start.jpg/270px-Ttarga_Tasmania_2010_Car_626_Start.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ttarga_Tasmania_2010_Car_626_Start.jpg/406px-Ttarga_Tasmania_2010_Car_626_Start.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ttarga_Tasmania_2010_Car_626_Start.jpg/541px-Ttarga_Tasmania_2010_Car_626_Start.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext">Start of a targa road rally</div> </div> </li> </ul><p><a href="/wiki/Race_stage" title="Race stage">Stage rallying</a> simply divides the route from the start to the finish of any rally into stages, not necessarily exclusively for speed tests on <i>special stages</i>. Each stage may have different targets or rules attached. In the FIA ecoRally Cup for example, energy performance is measured on regularity stages ran in conformity with the clock.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A gimmick rally may have stages with varying difficulty of the puzzle element.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Speed_competitions">Speed competitions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Speed competitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Rally_racing"></span><span id="Stage_rallying"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Also called <i>rally racing</i> or <i>(special) stage rallying</i>.</span></span> </p><p>Road rallies must use <a href="/wiki/Special_stage_(rallying)" title="Special stage (rallying)">special stages</a> where speed is used to determine the classification of the rally's competitors; the quickest time to complete the special stages wins the rally. These are sections of road closed to traffic and authorised to be used for speed tests. Special stages are linked by open roads where navigation, timekeeping, and road traffic law rules must be followed. These open road sections are sometimes called transport stages, somewhat complementing special stages in the make-up of a stage rally.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are the most common format of professional and commercial rallies and rally championships. The FIA organises the <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a>, Regional Rally Championships; and many countries' motorsport governing bodies organise domestic rallying championships using speed competitions. The stages may vary from flat asphalt and mountain passes to rough forest tracks, from ice and snow to desert sand, each chosen to provide a challenge for the crew and a test of the car's performance and reliability. A single-venue rally takes place without the need for public road sections though the format and rules remain. </p><p> In the wake of the ever more advanced rally cars of the late 20th and 21st century is a trend towards historic rallying (also known as <a href="/wiki/Classic_rally" title="Classic rally">classic rallying</a>), in which older cars can continue to rally.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historic rallies are usually regularity rallies with no speed tests arranged. This discipline attracts some former professional drivers back into the sport. Other drivers started their competition careers in historic rallying.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerycaption">Special stage rallying</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Rally_de_Portugal_-_Hyundai_i20_Coupe_WRC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hyundai i20 Coupe contests a special stage of a WRC rally"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2018_Rally_de_Portugal_-_Hyundai_i20_Coupe_WRC.jpg/270px-2018_Rally_de_Portugal_-_Hyundai_i20_Coupe_WRC.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2018_Rally_de_Portugal_-_Hyundai_i20_Coupe_WRC.jpg/405px-2018_Rally_de_Portugal_-_Hyundai_i20_Coupe_WRC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/2018_Rally_de_Portugal_-_Hyundai_i20_Coupe_WRC.jpg/540px-2018_Rally_de_Portugal_-_Hyundai_i20_Coupe_WRC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_i20_Coupe_WRC" title="Hyundai i20 Coupe WRC">Hyundai i20 Coupe</a> contests a special stage of a WRC rally</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PROKOP_-_TOMANEK_en_SS14_La_Figuera_2_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closed asphalt public highway used as a special stage"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/PROKOP_-_TOMANEK_en_SS14_La_Figuera_2_-_panoramio.jpg/225px-PROKOP_-_TOMANEK_en_SS14_La_Figuera_2_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/PROKOP_-_TOMANEK_en_SS14_La_Figuera_2_-_panoramio.jpg/338px-PROKOP_-_TOMANEK_en_SS14_La_Figuera_2_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/PROKOP_-_TOMANEK_en_SS14_La_Figuera_2_-_panoramio.jpg/450px-PROKOP_-_TOMANEK_en_SS14_La_Figuera_2_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3807" data-file-height="3045" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 130px"><div class="gallerytext">Closed asphalt public highway used as a special stage</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_1000_Lakes_Rally_Harju_14.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Urban 'street stage'"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2010_1000_Lakes_Rally_Harju_14.JPG/240px-2010_1000_Lakes_Rally_Harju_14.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2010_1000_Lakes_Rally_Harju_14.JPG/360px-2010_1000_Lakes_Rally_Harju_14.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2010_1000_Lakes_Rally_Harju_14.JPG/480px-2010_1000_Lakes_Rally_Harju_14.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 140px"><div class="gallerytext">Urban 'street stage'</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forest_road_junction_in_Craigvinean_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_500942.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ford Escort on a historic rally's special stage"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Forest_road_junction_in_Craigvinean_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_500942.jpg/271px-Forest_road_junction_in_Craigvinean_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_500942.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Forest_road_junction_in_Craigvinean_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_500942.jpg/406px-Forest_road_junction_in_Craigvinean_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_500942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Forest_road_junction_in_Craigvinean_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_500942.jpg/541px-Forest_road_junction_in_Craigvinean_Forest_-_geograph.org.uk_-_500942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 161px"><div class="gallerytext">Ford Escort on a historic rally's special stage</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Snowman_Rally_2010_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1732909.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Snowy rally special stage"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Snowman_Rally_2010_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1732909.jpg/270px-The_Snowman_Rally_2010_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1732909.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Snowman_Rally_2010_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1732909.jpg/405px-The_Snowman_Rally_2010_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1732909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Snowman_Rally_2010_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1732909.jpg/540px-The_Snowman_Rally_2010_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1732909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 160px"><div class="gallerytext">Snowy rally special stage</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-country_rallies">Cross-country rallies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cross-country rallies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dakar_2014_-_Erik_Van_Loon_(Netherlands)_-_20724934060.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Dakar_2014_-_Erik_Van_Loon_%28Netherlands%29_-_20724934060.jpg/220px-Dakar_2014_-_Erik_Van_Loon_%28Netherlands%29_-_20724934060.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Dakar_2014_-_Erik_Van_Loon_%28Netherlands%29_-_20724934060.jpg/330px-Dakar_2014_-_Erik_Van_Loon_%28Netherlands%29_-_20724934060.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Dakar_2014_-_Erik_Van_Loon_%28Netherlands%29_-_20724934060.jpg/440px-Dakar_2014_-_Erik_Van_Loon_%28Netherlands%29_-_20724934060.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3374" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption>Cross-country rallying - Dakar 2014 (a Rally Raid)</figcaption></figure> <p>Also commonly known by its types <a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">rally-raid</a> or <a href="/wiki/Baja_(cross-country_rally)" title="Baja (cross-country rally)">baja</a>; cross-country rallies take place mostly off-road using similar competitive elements to road and special stage rallying competitions. When off-road, waypoints and markers are set using GPS systems, although competitors cannot use GPS for navigation. Crews must choose how best to cross the terrain to the next waypoint whilst respecting the navigational instructions provided in the roadbook. The challenge is mostly navigational and endurance. The <a href="/wiki/World_Rally-Raid_Championship" title="World Rally-Raid Championship">World Rally-Raid Championship</a> was inaugurated in 2022, including the annual <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a> in its calendar, with joint sanctioning by the FIA and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme" title="Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme">FIM</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Cross-Country Rally</b>: Competition with a total distance between 1200 and 3000 km. </p><p><b>Baja Cross-Country Rally</b>: Cross-Country Rally which must be run over one day (max: 600 km) or two days (max: 1000 km). A Super Special Stage may be run on an extra day. </p> <p><b>Marathon Cross-Country Rally</b>: Cross-Country Rally with a total distance of at least 5000 km.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>2022 FIA International Sporting Code<sup id="cite_ref-ISC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Article 20 Definitions</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hill_Rally">Hill Rally</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hill Rally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Hill rallies are a type of cross-country event found in the United Kingdom and defined and governed by <a href="/wiki/Motorsport_UK" title="Motorsport UK">Motorsport UK</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run_2008_-_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1038487.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run_2008_-_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1038487.jpg/220px-London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run_2008_-_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1038487.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run_2008_-_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1038487.jpg/330px-London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run_2008_-_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1038487.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run_2008_-_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1038487.jpg/440px-London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run_2008_-_Brighton_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1038487.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/London_to_Brighton_Veteran_Car_Run" title="London to Brighton Veteran Car Run">London to Brighton Veteran Car Run</a>, a Touring Assembly with no competition</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Touring_assembly">Touring assembly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Touring assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Assemblies of car enthusiasts and their vehicles may still colloquially be called rallies, even if they involve merely the task of getting to the location (often on a trailer). However, static assemblies that simply 'meet' (akin to a caravan or <a href="/wiki/Steam_rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam rally">steam rally</a>) are not considered a form of motorsport. A touring assembly may have an organised route and simple passage controls but not any form of competition held or prizes given. One example, the <a href="/wiki/Gumball_3000" title="Gumball 3000">Gumball 3000</a>, which calls itself '<i>a rally not a race</i>', explicitly states in its terms that no form of competition between participants must take place.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FIA defined this activity under 'rally of the touring kind' at least until 2007, though have now separated the term 'Touring Assembly' without using the word rally in its definition.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rally_derivatives_and_relatives">Rally derivatives and relatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rally derivatives and relatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trials">Trials</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Trials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillclimbing" title="Hillclimbing">Hillclimbing</a>: Though not a form of rally, hillclimbing could be described in related terms as one special stage that climbs a hill. Cars start at intervals from one start point to one finish point. This discipline allows for many types of vehicles including single-seaters and can be arranged at one venue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocross" title="Autocross">Autocross</a>: Similar to hillclimbing, cars also start at intervals and are timed to complete a course, usually temporary and marked out with cones with the intent of demanding good car handling rather than speed. Cars can be single-seaters with roll cages used in <a href="/wiki/Crosskart" title="Crosskart">crosskart racing</a>.</li> <li>Rallysprint: Very condensed form of trials-type driving with no particular global definition. Usually run with <a href="/wiki/Touring_car" title="Touring car">touring cars</a> at single venues or a single stage without road sections, co-drivers or itineraries, and competitors may even switch cars depending on the agreed rules of competition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(motorsport)" title="Gymkhana (motorsport)">Gymkhana</a>/Autoslalom: Similar to autocross but with very precise and extravagant handling requirements such as <a href="/wiki/Doughnut_(driving)" title="Doughnut (driving)">donuts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drifting_(motorsport)" title="Drifting (motorsport)">drifting</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Racing">Racing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rallycross" title="Rallycross">Rallycross</a>: Created for a British TV programme in 1967 where rally drivers were allowed to directly compete in groups of four in short sprint races on a circuit. Rallycross has grown to have FIA World and European Championships with specifically developed cars that out-power standard rally cars.</li> <li>Formula Rally: Originating as part of the <i>Bologna Motor Show</i> in Italy, in December 1985, was a show race of rally drivers in an arena occupied by around 50,000 spectators, a "Mickey Mouse Course" had been created, on which two players (starting from different starting places) competed for the overall victory in the final through a <i>knock-out system</i> over preliminary rounds, quarter-finals and semi-finals. Formula Rally is practiced mostly in Italy and Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_racing" title="Ice racing">Ice Racing</a>: The <i>ice races</i> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Andros_Trophy" title="Andros Trophy">Andros Trophy</a></i>, run in France, have their roots in rallying. As early as the 1970s, car ice races were contested in the French Maritime Alps in the winter sports centres of Chamonix <i>(24h sur Glace de Chamonix)</i> and Serre Chevalier with rally cars that were still relatively tame at the time. Later, the participants developed far more efficient vehicles for this purpose; for the <i>Andros trophy</i> almost exclusively very potent prototypes with all-wheel drive and synchronous steering of the front and rear wheels.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enduro" title="Enduro">Enduro</a>: A similar, but not identical sporting form to rally for motorcycles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word '<i><b>rally'</b></i> comes from the French verb '<i>rallier</i>', meaning to reunite or regroup urgently during a battle. It was in use since at least the seventeenth century and continues to mean to synergise with haste for a purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time of the invention of the motor car, it was in use as a noun to define the organised mass gathering of people, not to protest or demonstrate, but to promote or celebrate a social, political or religious cause.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motor car rallies were probably being arranged as motor clubs and <a href="/wiki/Automobile_associations" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile associations">automobile associations</a> were beginning to form shortly after the first motor cars were being produced. </p><p>"Auto Rallies" were common events in the USA in the early twentieth century for the purpose of political <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucusing</a>, however many of these rallies were coincidentally aimed at motorists who could attend in convenient fashion rather than being a motoring rally.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One early example of a true motor rally, the 1909 Auto Rally Day in <a href="/wiki/Denison,_Iowa" title="Denison, Iowa">Denison, Iowa</a>, United States, gathered approximately 100 vehicles owned by local residents for no other real reason than to give rides to members of the public, using fuel paid for by local businessmen who hoped the event would help sell cars.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russo-balt_s24-55_ralli_monte-karlo_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Russo-balt_s24-55_ralli_monte-karlo_1.jpg/220px-Russo-balt_s24-55_ralli_monte-karlo_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Russo-balt_s24-55_ralli_monte-karlo_1.jpg/330px-Russo-balt_s24-55_ralli_monte-karlo_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Russo-balt_s24-55_ralli_monte-karlo_1.jpg/440px-Russo-balt_s24-55_ralli_monte-karlo_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>1912 <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Rally" title="Monte Carlo Rally">Monte Carlo Rally</a> entrant, <a href="/wiki/Russo-Balt" title="Russo-Balt">Russo-Balt</a> "Monako" Torpédo</figcaption></figure> <p>In the case of the 1910 Good Roads Rally held in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, a rally was organised to promote the need for better roads. The rally itself had no competition and most vehicles were expected to be parked for its duration. The programme included a visit to some ongoing roadworks, a vehicle parade, with food, drink, dancing and music also arranged. However, the Automobile Club of <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a>, who had members attending the event, independently organised their own road competition to contest on the journey between the two cities. A prize of $10 was awarded to the motorist "approximating the most ideal schedule" between two secret points along the route and who had "the most nearly correct idea of a pleasant and sensible pleasure tour" between the two cities. Though this format of competition itself would later become known as a regularity 'rally', it wasn't at the time, however the trophy and prize were awarded at the rally.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known use of the word rally to include a road competition was the 1911 Monaco Rally (later <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Rally" title="Monte Carlo Rally">Monte Carlo Rally</a>). It was organised by a group of wealthy locals who formed the "Sport Automobile Vélocipédique Monégasque" and bankrolled by the "Société des Bains de Mer" (the "sea bathing company"), the operators of the famous casino who were keen to attract wealthy and adventurous motorists to their 'rallying point'.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Competitors could start at various locations but with a speed limit of 25kph imposed, the competitive elements were partly based on cleanliness, condition and elegance of the cars and required a jury to choose a winner. However, getting to Monaco in winter was a challenge in itself. A second event was held in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rallying_as_road_competitions">Rallying as road competitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rallying as road competitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Origins_of_motorsport">Origins of motorsport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Origins of motorsport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Motorsport_before_1906" title="Motorsport before 1906">Motorsport before 1906</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcel_Renault_1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marcel_Renault_1903.jpg/220px-Marcel_Renault_1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marcel_Renault_1903.jpg/330px-Marcel_Renault_1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Marcel_Renault_1903.jpg/440px-Marcel_Renault_1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Renault" title="Marcel Renault">Marcel Renault</a> during the 1903 <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Madrid_race" title="Paris–Madrid race">Paris–Madrid race</a></figcaption></figure><p>Rallying as a form of road competition can be traced back to the origins of motorsport, including the world's first known motor race; the 1894 <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Rouen_(motor_race)" title="Paris–Rouen (motor race)">Paris–Rouen Horseless Carriage Competition</a> (<i>Concours des Voitures sans Chevaux</i>). Sponsored by a Paris newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Journal_(newspaper)" title="Le Petit Journal (newspaper)">Le Petit Journal</a></i>, it attracted considerable public interest and entries from leading manufacturers. The official winner was <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Albert Lemaître">Albert Lemaître</a> driving a 3 hp <a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a>, although the <a href="/wiki/Jules-Albert_de_Dion" title="Jules-Albert de Dion"><i>Comte</i> de Dion</a> had finished first but his steam-powered vehicle was ineligible for the official competition.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The event led to a period of city-to-city road races being organised in Europe and the USA, which introduced many of the features found in later rallies: individual start times with cars running against the clock rather than head to head; time controls at the entry and exit points of towns along the way; road books and route notes; and driving over long distances on ordinary, mainly gravel, roads, facing hazards such as dust, traffic, pedestrians and farm animals.<sup id="cite_ref-Grand_Prix_History_online_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grand_Prix_History_online-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 24 September-3 October 1895, the <i><a href="/wiki/Automobile_Club_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile Club de France">Automobile Club de France</a></i> sponsored the longest race to date, a 1,710 km (1,060 mi) event from <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> to <a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> and back. Because it was held in ten stages, it can be considered the first stage rally. The first three places were taken by a Panhard, a Panhard, and a three-wheeler <a href="/wiki/De_Dion-Bouton" title="De Dion-Bouton">De Dion-Bouton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grand_Prix_History_online_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grand_Prix_History_online-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Madrid_race" title="Paris–Madrid race">Paris–Madrid race</a> of May 1903, the <a href="/wiki/Mors_(automobile)" title="Mors (automobile)">Mors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Gabriel" title="Fernand Gabriel">Fernand Gabriel</a> took just under five and a quarter hours for the 550 km (340 mi) to Bordeaux, an average of 105 km/h (65.3 mph). Speeds had now exceeded the safe limits of dusty highways thronged with spectators and open to other traffic, people and animals and there were numerous crashes, many injuries and eight deaths. The French government stopped the race and banned this style of event.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then on, racing in Europe (apart from Italy) would be on closed circuits, initially on long loops of public highway and then, in 1907, on the first purpose-built track, England's <a href="/wiki/Brooklands" title="Brooklands">Brooklands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italy had been running road competitions since 1895, when a reliability trial was run from <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a> and back. The country's first true motor race was held in 1897 along the shore of Lake Maggiore, from Arona to Stresa and back.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a long tradition of road racing, including events like Sicily's <a href="/wiki/Targa_Florio" title="Targa Florio">Targa Florio</a> (from 1906<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and <i>Giro di Sicilia</i> (Tour of Sicily, 1914), which went right round the island,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of which continued on and off until after World War II. The first Alpine event was held in 1898, the Austrian Touring Club's three-day Automobile Run through South Tyrol, which included the infamous <a href="/wiki/Stelvio_Pass" title="Stelvio Pass">Stelvio Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>, the legal maximum speed of 12 mph (19 km/h) precluded road racing, but in April and May 1900, the <a href="/wiki/Automobile_Club_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland">Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland</a> (the forerunner of the Royal Automobile Club) organised the Thousand Mile Trial, a 15-day event linking Britain's major cities in order to promote this novel form of transport.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seventy vehicles took part, the majority of them trade entries. They had to complete thirteen stages of route varying in length from 43 to 123 miles (69 to 198 km) at average speeds of up to the legal limit of 12 mph (19 km/h), and tackle six hillclimb or speed tests. On rest days and at lunch halts, the cars were shown to the public in exhibition halls.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event was followed in 1901 by a five-day trial based in Glasgow<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scottish Automobile Club organised an annual Glasgow–London non-stop trial from 1902 to 1904, then the Scottish Reliability Trial from 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-Cowbourne_2005_p_279_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowbourne_2005_p_279-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Motor Cycling Club allowed cars to enter its trials and runs from 1904 (London–<a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, London–<a href="/wiki/Land%27s_End" title="Land's End">Land's End</a>, London–<a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Cowbourne_2005_p_279_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowbourne_2005_p_279-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1908 the Royal Automobile Club held its 2,000 mi (3,200 km) International Touring Car Trial,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1914 the Light Car Trial for manufacturers of cars up to 1400 cc, to test comparative performances.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924, the exercise was repeated as the Small Car Trials.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the Herkomer Trophy was first held in 1905, and again in 1906. This challenging five-day event attracted over 100 entrants to tackle its 1,000 km (620 mi) road section, a <a href="/wiki/Hillclimbing" title="Hillclimbing">hillclimb</a> and a speed trial, but it was marred by poor organisation and confusing regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (June 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> One participant had been Prince Henry of Austria, who with the Imperial Automobile Club of Germany, later created the first <i>Prinz Heinrich Fahrt</i> (Prince Henry Trial) in 1908. Another trial was held in 1910. These were very successful, attracting top drivers and works cars from major teams – several manufacturers added "Prince Henry" models to their ranges.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Alpine Trial was held in 1909, in Austria, and by 1914 this was the toughest event of its kind, producing a star performance from Britain's <a href="/wiki/James_Radley" title="James Radley">James Radley</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce Alpine Eagle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tehnikamuuseum.com/content/documents/book.pdf">The Last Race of the Empire</a> was held in the days prior to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914. This period was later called the <a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a>. A 706 mile car race of six stages through what is now Estonia and Latvia. The race was the third Baltic Automobile and Aero Club competition for the <a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoria_Melita_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Grand Duchess Victoria Feodrovna</a> Prize. The participants were mainly of Tsarist Russian and German Nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two ultra-long distance challenges took place at this time. The <a href="/wiki/Peking_to_Paris" title="Peking to Paris">Peking-Paris</a> of 1907 was not officially a competition, but a "raid", the French term for an expedition or collective endeavour whose promoters, the newspaper "Le Matin", rather optimistically expected participants to help each other; it was 'won' by Prince <a href="/wiki/Scipione_Borghese,_10th_Prince_of_Sulmona" title="Scipione Borghese, 10th Prince of Sulmona">Scipione Borghese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Barzini_Sr." title="Luigi Barzini Sr.">Luigi Barzini</a>, and Ettore Guizzardi in an <a href="/wiki/Itala_(company)" title="Itala (company)">Itala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/1908_New_York_to_Paris_Race" title="1908 New York to Paris Race">New York–Paris</a> of the following year, which went via Japan and <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, was won by George Schuster and others in a <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Motor_Company" title="Thomas Motor Company">Thomas Flyer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each event attracted only a handful of adventurous souls, but in both cases the successful drivers exhibited characteristics modern rally drivers would recognise: meticulous preparation, mechanical skill, resourcefulness, perseverance and a certain single-minded ruthlessness. Rather gentler (and more akin to modern rallying) was the <a href="/wiki/Glidden_Tour" title="Glidden Tour">Glidden Tour</a>, run by the <a href="/wiki/American_Automobile_Association" title="American Automobile Association">American Automobile Association</a> between 1902 and 1913, which had timed legs between control points and a marking system to determine the winners.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interwar_years">Interwar years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Interwar years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RenaultNervaSport_typeZC4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/RenaultNervaSport_typeZC4.JPG/220px-RenaultNervaSport_typeZC4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/RenaultNervaSport_typeZC4.JPG/330px-RenaultNervaSport_typeZC4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/RenaultNervaSport_typeZC4.JPG/440px-RenaultNervaSport_typeZC4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Renault_Nervasport" title="Renault Nervasport">Renault Nervasport</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Rally" title="Monte Carlo Rally">Monte Carlo Rally</a> in 1935.</figcaption></figure> <p>The First World War brought a lull to motorsport. The Monte Carlo Rally was not revived until 1924, but since then, apart from World War II and its aftermath, it has been an annual event and remains a regular round of the World Rally Championship. In the 1930s, helped by the tough winters, it became the premier European rally, attracting 300 or more participants.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1920s, numerous variations on the Alpine theme sprang up in Austria, Italy, France, Switzerland and Germany. The most important of these were Austria's <i>Alpenfahrt</i>, which continued into its 44th edition in 1973, Italy's <i>Coppa delle Alpi</i>, and the <i>Coupe Internationale des Alpes</i> (International Alpine Trial), organised jointly by the automobile clubs of Italy, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and, latterly, France. This last event, run from 1928 to 1936, attracted strong international fields vying for an individual Glacier Cup or a team Alpine Cup, including successful <a href="/wiki/Talbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (automobile)">Talbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riley_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riley (automobile)">Riley</a>, <a href="/wiki/MG_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="MG (car)">MG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> teams from Britain and increasingly strong and well funded works representation from <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s Germany, keen to prove its engineering and sporting prowess with successful marques like <a href="/wiki/Adler_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adler (automobile)">Adler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanderer (car)">Wanderer</a> and Trumpf.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French started their own <i><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Rally" title="Alpine Rally">Rallye des Alpes Françaises</a></i> in 1932, which continued after World War II as the <i>Rallye International des Alpes</i>, the name often shortened to <i>Coupe des Alpes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other rallies started between the wars included Britain's <a href="/wiki/RAC_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="RAC Rally">RAC Rally</a> (1932)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Belgium's <i><a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge-Rome-Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Liège-Rome-Liège">Liège-Rome-Liège</a></i> or just Liège, officially called "Le Marathon de la Route" (1931),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two events of radically different character; the former a gentle tour between cities from various start points, "rallying" at a seaside resort with a series of manoeuvrability and car control tests; the latter a thinly disguised road race over some of Europe's toughest mountain roads. </p><p>In Ireland, the first <i>Ulster Motor Rally</i> (1931) was run from multiple starting points. After several years in this format, it transitioned into the 1,000-mile (1,600 km) <a href="/wiki/Circuit_of_Ireland_Rally" title="Circuit of Ireland Rally">Circuit of Ireland Rally</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Italy, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s government encouraged motorsport of all kinds and facilitated road racing, so the sport quickly restarted after World War I. In 1927 the <i><a href="/wiki/Mille_Miglia" title="Mille Miglia">Mille Miglia</a></i> (Thousand Mile) was founded, run over a 1,000-mile (1,600 km) loop of highways from <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> to Rome and back. It continued in this form until 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Liège of August 1939 was the last major event before World War II. Belgium's <a href="/wiki/Jean_Trasenster" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Trasenster">Jean Trasenster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bugatti" title="Bugatti">Bugatti</a>) and France's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Trevoux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Trevoux (page does not exist)">Jean Trevoux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automobiles_Hotchkiss" title="Automobiles Hotchkiss">Hotchkiss</a>) tied for first place, denying the German <a href="/wiki/Works_team" title="Works team">works teams</a> shortly before their countries were overrun.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of five Liège wins for Trasenster; Trevoux won four Montes between 1934 and 1951. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-World_War_II_years">Post-World War II years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Post-World War II years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osmo_Kalpala_-_1956_Rally_Finland.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Osmo_Kalpala_-_1956_Rally_Finland.jpeg/220px-Osmo_Kalpala_-_1956_Rally_Finland.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Osmo_Kalpala_-_1956_Rally_Finland.jpeg/330px-Osmo_Kalpala_-_1956_Rally_Finland.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Osmo_Kalpala_-_1956_Rally_Finland.jpeg/440px-Osmo_Kalpala_-_1956_Rally_Finland.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>Osmo Kalpala servicing his car (a <a href="/wiki/DKW_F93" class="mw-redirect" title="DKW F93">DKW F93</a>) during the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4n_Suurajot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyväskylän Suurajot">Jyväskylän Suurajot</a>, now known as <i>Rally Finland</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Europe">Europe</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rallying was again slow to get under way after a major war, but by the 1950s there were many long-distance road rallies. In Europe, the Monte Carlo Rally, the French and Austrian Alpines, and the Liège were joined by a host of new events that quickly established themselves as classics: the Lisbon Rally (Portugal, 1947), the Tulip Rally (the Netherlands, 1949), the Rally to the Midnight Sun (Sweden, 1951, now the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Rally">Swedish Rally</a>), the Rally of the 1000 Lakes (Finland, 1951 – now the <a href="/wiki/Rally_Finland" title="Rally Finland">Rally Finland</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Rally" title="Acropolis Rally">Acropolis Rally</a> (Greece, 1956).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The RAC Rally gained International status on its return in 1951, but for 10 years its emphasis on map-reading navigation and short manoeuvrability tests made it unpopular with foreign crews.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile" title="Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile">FIA</a></i> created in 1953 a <a href="/wiki/European_Rally_Championship" title="European Rally Championship">European Rally Championship</a> (at first called the "Touring Championship") of eleven events; it was first won by <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Polensky" title="Helmut Polensky">Helmut Polensky</a> of Germany. This was the premier international rallying championship until 1973, when the FIA created the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Rally_Championship_Constructors%27_Champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Rally Championship Constructors' Champions">World Rally Championship for Manufacturers</a>. </p><p>Initially, most of the major post-war rallies were fairly gentlemanly, but the organisers of the French Alpine and the Liège (which moved its turning point from Rome into Yugoslavia in 1956) straight away set difficult time schedules: the <i>Automobile Club de Marseille et Provence</i> laid on a long tough route over a succession of rugged passes, stated that cars would have to be driven flat out from start to finish, and gave a coveted <i><a href="/wiki/Coupe_des_Alpes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe des Alpes">Coupe des Alpes</a></i> ("Alpine Cup") to anyone achieving an unpenalised run;<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Belgium's Royal Motor Union made clear no car was expected to finish the Liège unpenalised – when one did (1951 winner <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Claes" title="Johnny Claes">Johnny Claes</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_XK120" title="Jaguar XK120">Jaguar XK120</a>) they tightened the timing to make sure it never happened again.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two events became the ones for "the men" to do. The Monte, because of its glamour, got the media coverage and the biggest entries (and in snowy years was also a genuine challenge); while the Acropolis took advantage of Greece's appalling roads to become a truly tough event.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1956 came Corsica's <i><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Corse" title="Tour de Corse">Tour de Corse</a></i>, 24 hours of virtually non-stop flat out driving on some of the narrowest and twistiest mountain roads on the planet – the first major rally to be won by a woman, Belgium's <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilberte_Thirion" class="extiw" title="fr:Gilberte Thirion">Gilberte Thirion</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/Renault_Dauphine" title="Renault Dauphine">Renault Dauphine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These events were road races in all but name, but in Italy such races were still allowed, and the <i>Mille Miglia</i> continued until a serious accident in 1957 caused it to be banned.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, in 1981, the <i>Tour de France</i> was revived by the Automobile-Club de Nice as a different kind of rally, based primarily on a series of races at circuits and hillclimbs around the country.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was successful for a while and continued until 1986. It spawned similar events in a few other countries, but none survive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="South_America">South America</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In countries where there was no shortage of demanding roads across remote terrain, other events sprang up. In South America, the biggest of these took the form of long distance city to city races, each around 5,000 to 6,000 miles (8,000 to 9,700 km), divided into daily legs. The first was the <i>Gran Premio del Norte</i> of 1940, run from <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> and back; it was won by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Fangio" title="Juan Manuel Fangio">Juan Manuel Fangio</a> in a much modified <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event was repeated in 1947, and in 1948 an even more ambitious one was held, the <i>Gran Premio de la América del Sur</i> from Buenos Aires to <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>—Fangio had an accident in which his co-driver was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then in 1950 came the fast and dangerous <a href="/wiki/Carrera_Panamericana" title="Carrera Panamericana">Carrera Panamericana</a>, a 1,911-mile (3,075 km) road race in stages across Mexico to celebrate the opening of the asphalt highway between the <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> and United States borders, which ran until 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All these events fell victim to the cost – financial, social and environmental – of putting them on in an increasingly complex and developed world, although smaller road races continued long after, and a few still do in countries like <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Africa">Africa</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EAS1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/EAS1973.jpg/220px-EAS1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/EAS1973.jpg/330px-EAS1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/EAS1973.jpg/440px-EAS1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Checkpoint during the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Safari_Rally" title="Safari Rally">Safari Rally</a></figcaption></figure><p>In Africa, 1950 saw the first French-run <a href="/wiki/Algiers-Cape_Town_Rally" title="Algiers-Cape Town Rally">Algiers-Cape Town Rally</a>, a 10,000-mile (16,000 km) rally from the Mediterranean to <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>; it was run on and off until 1961, when the new political situation hastened its demise.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953 East Africa saw the demanding Coronation Safari, which went on to become the <a href="/wiki/Safari_Rally" title="Safari Rally">Safari Rally</a> and a World Championship round,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be followed in due course by the <a href="/wiki/Rallye_du_Maroc" title="Rallye du Maroc">Rallye du Maroc</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rallye_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire" title="Rallye Côte d'Ivoire">Rallye Côte d'Ivoire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia's <a href="/wiki/Round_Australia_Trial" title="Round Australia Trial">Redex Round Australia Trial</a> also dates from 1953, although this remained isolated from the rest of the rallying world.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="North_America">North America</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canada hosted one of the world's longest and most gruelling rallies in the 1960s, the Shell 4000 Rally. It was the only one sanctioned by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile" title="Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile">FIA</a> in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercontinental_rallying">Intercontinental rallying</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Intercontinental rallying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The quest for longer and tougher events saw the re-establishment of the intercontinental rallies beginning with the <a href="/wiki/London%E2%80%93Sydney_Marathon" title="London–Sydney Marathon">London–Sydney Marathon</a> held in 1968. The rally trekked across Europe, the Middle-East and the sub-continent before boarding a ship in Bombay to arrive in Fremantle eight days later before the final push across Australia to Sydney. It attracted over 100 crews including a number of works teams and top drivers; it was won by the <a href="/wiki/Rootes_Arrow" title="Rootes Arrow">Hillman Hunter</a> of Andrew Cowan/Brian Coyle/Colin Malkin.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The huge success of this event saw the creation of the World Cup Rallies, linked to Association Football's FIFA World Cup. The first was the <a href="/wiki/1970_London_to_Mexico_World_Cup_Rally" title="1970 London to Mexico World Cup Rally">1970 London to Mexico World Cup Rally</a> which saw competitors travel from London eastwards across to Bulgaria before turning westwards on a more southerly route before boarding a ship in Lisbon. Disembarking in Rio de Janeiro the route travelled southward into Argentina before turning northwards along the western coast of South America before arriving in Mexico City. The <a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(Europe)#First_generation_(1967–1975)" title="Ford Escort (Europe)">Ford Escort</a> of Hannu Mikkola and Gunnar Palm won.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were followed in 1974 by the London-Sahara-Munich World Cup Rally,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1977 by the Singapore Airlines London-Sydney Rally.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1974_London-Sahara-Munich_World_Cup_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 London-Sahara-Munich World Cup Rally">1974 London-Sahara-Munich World Cup Rally</a> followed four years later. The rally travelled southwards into Africa but a navigational error saw most of the rally become lost in Algerian desert. Eventually only seven teams reached the southernmost point of the rally in Nigeria with five teams making it back to West Germany having driven all legs and only the winning team completing the full distance. This, coupled with the economic climate of the 1970s the heat went out of intercontinental rallying after a second London–Sydney Marathon in 1977. The concept was revived in 1979 for the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Paris-Dakar_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris-Dakar Rally">Paris-Dakar Rally</a>. The success of the <i>Dakar</i> would eventually see intercontinental rallying recognised as its own discipline; the <a href="/wiki/Rally_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Rally Raid">Rally Raid</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Introduction_of_special_stages">Introduction of special stages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Introduction of special stages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jari-Matti_Latvala-2007_Wales_Rally_GB_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Jari-Matti_Latvala-2007_Wales_Rally_GB_001.jpg/220px-Jari-Matti_Latvala-2007_Wales_Rally_GB_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Jari-Matti_Latvala-2007_Wales_Rally_GB_001.jpg/330px-Jari-Matti_Latvala-2007_Wales_Rally_GB_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Jari-Matti_Latvala-2007_Wales_Rally_GB_001.jpg/440px-Jari-Matti_Latvala-2007_Wales_Rally_GB_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jari-Matti_Latvala" title="Jari-Matti Latvala">Jari-Matti Latvala</a> on the muddy gravel roads of the <a href="/wiki/2007_Wales_Rally_GB" title="2007 Wales Rally GB">2007 Wales Rally GB</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rallying became very popular in Sweden and Finland in the 1950s, thanks in part to the invention there of the <i>specialsträcka</i> (Swedish) or <i>erikoiskoe</i> (Finnish), or special stage. These were shorter sections of route, usually on minor or private roads—predominantly gravel in these countries—away from habitation and traffic, which were separately timed.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These provided the solution to the conflict inherent in the notion of driving as fast as possible on ordinary roads. The idea spread to other countries, albeit more slowly to the most demanding events. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/RAC_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="RAC Rally">RAC Rally</a> had formally become an International event in 1951, but Britain's laws precluded the closure of public highways for special stages. This meant it had to rely on short manoeuvrability tests, regularity sections and night map-reading navigation to find a winner, which made it unattractive to foreign crews. In 1961, Jack Kemsley was able to persuade the <a href="/wiki/Forestry_Commission" title="Forestry Commission">Forestry Commission</a> to open their many hundreds of miles of well surfaced and sinuous gravel roads, and the event was transformed into one of the most demanding and popular in the calendar, by 1983 having over 600 miles (970 km) of stage.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later renamed <a href="/wiki/Rally_GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rally GB">Rally GB</a>. </p><p>Rallying also took off in Spain and Portugal and by the 1960s had spread to their colonial territories in the mid-Atlantic. By the end of the 1960s events had not only begun in <a href="/wiki/Rali_Vinho_da_Madeira" title="Rali Vinho da Madeira">Madeira</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rally_Islas_Canarias" title="Rally Islas Canarias">Canary Islands</a>, but also on the far-flung <a href="/wiki/Rallye_A%C3%A7ores" title="Rallye Açores">Azores</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_times">Modern times</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Modern times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peugeot_206_WRC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Peugeot_206_WRC.jpg/220px-Peugeot_206_WRC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Peugeot_206_WRC.jpg/330px-Peugeot_206_WRC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Peugeot_206_WRC.jpg/440px-Peugeot_206_WRC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juuso_Pyk%C3%A4list%C3%B6" title="Juuso Pykälistö">Juuso Pykälistö</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Peugeot_206_WRC" title="Peugeot 206 WRC">Peugeot 206 WRC</a> at the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Rally">Swedish Rally</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The introduction of the special stage effectively brought rallying into its modern form. Since then, the nature of the events has evolved relatively slowly though over time, rallies have tended to become shorter in distance, but also allowing for more events to be organised. Some of the older international events have gone, replaced by others from a much wider spread of countries around the world and many more local events.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The World Rally Championship was inaugurated in 1973 at first only for manufacturers and won that first year by <a href="/wiki/Alpine-Renault" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine-Renault">Alpine-Renault</a>. Not until 1979 was there a <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Rally_Championship_Drivers%27_Champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Rally Championship Drivers' Champions">World Rally Championship for Drivers</a>, won by <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Waldeg%C3%A5rd" title="Björn Waldegård">Björn Waldegård</a>. Popular international rallies were included in the championship and professional drivers have been employed alongside amateur entrants for the entirety of its existence. In the 21st century the events began to take a common "clover-leaf" format instead of the touring "A-B" format. A central service park would provide the base for all the teams and officials, including all overnight halts, with the special stages within reach of the service park.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Off_road_(cross_country)_rallying"><span id="Off_road_.28cross_country.29_rallying"></span>Off road (cross country) rallying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Off road (cross country) rallying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967, a group of American off-roaders created the Mexican 1000 rally, a tough 1,000-mile race for cars and motorcycles which ran the length of the <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_peninsula" title="Baja California peninsula">Baja California peninsula</a>, much of it initially over roadless desert. Which quickly gained fame as the <a href="/wiki/Baja_1000" title="Baja 1000">Baja 1000</a>, today run by the <a href="/wiki/SCORE_International" title="SCORE International">SCORE International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Baja" events, relatively short cross-country rallies, now take place in a number of other countries worldwide. </p><p>In 1979, a young Frenchman, <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Sabine" title="Thierry Sabine">Thierry Sabine</a>, founded an institution when he organized the first "rallye-raid" from <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, in Senegal, the event now called the <a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a>. From amateur beginnings it quickly became a massive commercial circus catering for cars, motorcycles and trucks, and spawned other similar events.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2008 to 2019, it was held in South America before moving to Saudi Arabia exclusively in 2020. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics_of_a_rally">Characteristics of a rally</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Characteristics of a rally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Itinerary">Itinerary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Itinerary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_Classic_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Australia_Classic_2015.jpg/220px-Australia_Classic_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Australia_Classic_2015.jpg/330px-Australia_Classic_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Australia_Classic_2015.jpg/440px-Australia_Classic_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4968" data-file-height="2936" /></a><figcaption>Start point of a regularity road rally</figcaption></figure> <p>All rallies follow at least one <b>itinerary</b>, essentially a schedule of the points along the route that define the rally. A common (single) itinerary may begin and end with a <b>ceremonial start</b> and <b>finish</b> that confirm the bounds of the competition. Many rallies’ itineraries are divided into <b>legs</b>, usually corresponding with days on multi-day rallies dividing overnight rest periods; <b>sections</b>, usually between <i>services</i> or <i>regroups</i>; and <b>stages</b>, individual point-to-point lengths of road. A <b>loop</b> is often used to describe a section that begins and ends in the same place, for example from a central service park.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>time control</b> is usually found at each point on the itinerary, a <b>timecard</b> is carried by the crews and handed to an official at each control point to be filled in as proof of following the itinerary correctly. As crews start each leg, section and stage at <b>intervals</b> (for example of two minutes), each crew will have a different <b>due</b> or <b>target time</b> to arrive at each control, with penalties applied for being too early or late.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Long rallies may include one or more <b>service</b>, a window of time where mechanics are permitted to repair or prepare the car. Outside these services only the driver and co-driver can work on the car, although they must still respect the timing requirements of the rally. A <b>flexi-service</b> allows teams to use the same group of mechanics with flexibility in the timing, for example if two cars are due to arrive at two minute intervals, the second cars' 45 minute service can be delayed whilst the first car is serviced. During overnight halts between legs cars are held in a quarantine environment called <b><a href="/wiki/Parc_ferm%C3%A9" title="Parc fermé">parc fermé</a></b> where it is not permitted to work on the cars.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other examples of features of an itinerary include <b>passage controls</b>, which ensure competitors are following the correct route but have no due time window, the timecard may be stamped or the cars may be observed by officials. <b>Refuel, light fitting</b> and <b>tyre zones</b> allow competitors to refuel, fit lights for <i>night stages</i> run in darkness, or exchange used tyres for new. <b>Regroups</b> act to gather competitors in one location and reset the time intervals which may have grown or shrunk.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>road book</b> may be published and distributed to competitors detailing the itinerary, the route they must follow and any supplementary regulations they must follow. The route can be marked out in tulip diagrams, a form of illustrating the navigational requirements or other standard icons.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_stage">Special stage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Special stage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Special_stage_(rallying)" title="Special stage (rallying)">Special stage (rallying)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_Stage" title="Power Stage">Power Stage</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rali_de_Castelo_Branco_2017_DSC_5297_(32564588084).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rali_de_Castelo_Branco_2017_DSC_5297_%2832564588084%29.jpg/220px-Rali_de_Castelo_Branco_2017_DSC_5297_%2832564588084%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rali_de_Castelo_Branco_2017_DSC_5297_%2832564588084%29.jpg/330px-Rali_de_Castelo_Branco_2017_DSC_5297_%2832564588084%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Rali_de_Castelo_Branco_2017_DSC_5297_%2832564588084%29.jpg/440px-Rali_de_Castelo_Branco_2017_DSC_5297_%2832564588084%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Start line of a special stage, the end of the start line zone is marked by a board</figcaption></figure> <p>Special stages (SS) must be used when using timing for classifying competitors in speed competitions. These stages are preceded by a time control marking the boundary of a road section and the special stage. The competitors proceed to the <b>start line</b> from where they begin the special stage at a prescribed time, and are timed until they cross the <b>flying finish</b> in motion before safely coming to a stop at the <b>stop control</b> which acts as a time control for the following road section and the place for the crews to find out their time of completing the stage. To avoid interruptions and hindering other competitors the road between the time control and the end of the start line zone, and between the flying finish and stop control are both considered as under parc fermé conditions, crews are not allowed to get out of their car.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>Super Special Stage</b> runs contrary to the ordinary running of a special stage, the reasons for which should be explained in the supplementary regulations. This may be where head-to-head stages are run in a crossover loop style, or if a short asphalt city stage with <a href="/wiki/Doughnut_(driving)" title="Doughnut (driving)">donuts</a> around hay bails is run on a gravel rally for example.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>Power Stage</b> is used in the WRC and European Rally Championship, it is simply a nominated special stage that alone awards championship points to the fastest crews.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>Shakedown</b> is often included in an itinerary but does not form part of the competition. Crews can do multiple passes of a special stage to practice or trial different set ups. In some championships, a <b>Qualifying Stage</b> may also run alongside a shakedown to determine <b>road order</b>, the order in which competitors will compete.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recce_and_pacenotes">Recce and pacenotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Recce and pacenotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pacenotes" title="Pacenotes">Pacenotes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacenotes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pacenotes.jpg/220px-Pacenotes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pacenotes.jpg/330px-Pacenotes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pacenotes.jpg/440px-Pacenotes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="907" /></a><figcaption>Example of notation used in special stage <a href="/wiki/Pacenotes" title="Pacenotes">pacenotes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pacenotes are a unique and major tool in modern special stage rallying. They provide a detailed description of the course and conditions ahead and allow the driver to form a mental image beyond the visible to be able to drive as fast as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many rallies, including those of the World Rally Championship (WRC), drivers are allowed to run on the special stages of the course before the competition begins and create their own pacenotes. This process is called reconnaissance or recce and a low maximum speed is imposed. During reconnaissance, the co-driver writes down shorthand notes on how to best drive the stage. Usually, the drivers call out the turns and road conditions for the co-drivers to write down. These pacenotes are then read aloud through an internal intercom system during the actual rally, allowing the driver to anticipate the upcoming terrain and thus take the course as fast as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other rallies provide organizer-created "route notes" also referred to as "stage notes" and disallow reconnaissance and use of custom pacenotes. These notes are usually created using a predetermined format, from which a co-driver can optionally add comments or transpose into other pacenote notations. Many North American rallies do not conduct reconnaissance but provide stage notes due to time and budget constraints.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_park_or_bivouac">Service park or bivouac</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Service park or bivouac"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_Rally_Germany_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2016_Rally_Germany_003.jpg/220px-2016_Rally_Germany_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2016_Rally_Germany_003.jpg/330px-2016_Rally_Germany_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2016_Rally_Germany_003.jpg/440px-2016_Rally_Germany_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>WRC Service Park at <a href="/wiki/2016_Rallye_Deutschland" title="2016 Rallye Deutschland">2016 Rally Deutschland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Though not necessary for all rallies, many road rallies have a central service park that acts as a base for servicing, scrutineering, parc fermé and playing host to Rally Headquarters, where the rally officials assemble. Service parks can also be a spectator attraction in their own right, with opportunities to meet and greet the crews and commercial outlets providing goods and services. If the rally is of the touring A to B kind there may be multiple service parks that may be very small and only used once each meaning teams carry as little as possible for simple logistics purposes. A remote service is a small service used once when there are stages far away from a central service park.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In off-road cross countries the service area and support teams may travel with the competitors along the route in a Bivouac. The word means 'camp' and many participants indeed sleep in tents overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sebastien_Loeb_2014_WTCC_Race_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sebastien_Loeb_2014_WTCC_Race_of_Japan.jpg/220px-Sebastien_Loeb_2014_WTCC_Race_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sebastien_Loeb_2014_WTCC_Race_of_Japan.jpg/330px-Sebastien_Loeb_2014_WTCC_Race_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sebastien_Loeb_2014_WTCC_Race_of_Japan.jpg/440px-Sebastien_Loeb_2014_WTCC_Race_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Loeb" title="Sébastien Loeb">Sébastien Loeb</a>, the world's most successful rally driver in terms of <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Rally_Championship_records" title="List of World Rally Championship records">WRC wins</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Driver">Driver</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Driver"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The driver is the person who <a href="/wiki/Driving" title="Driving">drives</a> the car during the rally. Regardless of the type of rally, a driver needs a <a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_license" title="Driver's license">driver's license</a> issued by a competent authority. No prior experience of rallying is necessary and a debutant can hypothetically compete with a world champion on unfamiliar roads even in speed competitions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Unless the car is in a scheduled service, only the driver and co-driver can repair or work on the car during the rally with no external assistance allowed. Spectators assisting a crashed car is technically a breach of the rules but is usually overlooked. Driver's and co-drivers often have to make running-repairs and have to change punctured wheels themselves.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colin_Mcrae%2BTravis_Pastrana%2BKen_Block.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Colin_Mcrae%2BTravis_Pastrana%2BKen_Block.jpg/220px-Colin_Mcrae%2BTravis_Pastrana%2BKen_Block.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Colin_Mcrae%2BTravis_Pastrana%2BKen_Block.jpg/330px-Colin_Mcrae%2BTravis_Pastrana%2BKen_Block.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Colin_Mcrae%2BTravis_Pastrana%2BKen_Block.jpg/440px-Colin_Mcrae%2BTravis_Pastrana%2BKen_Block.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Rally drivers <a href="/wiki/Travis_Pastrana" title="Travis Pastrana">Travis Pastrana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_McRae" title="Colin McRae">Colin McRae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Block" title="Ken Block">Ken Block</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Often, a distinction is made between so called 'works' drivers and <a href="/wiki/Privateer_(motorsport)" title="Privateer (motorsport)">privateer</a> drivers. The first is one who competes for a team, usually that of a manufacturer, who provides the car, parts, repairs, logistics and the support personnel. Most of the works drivers of the 1950s were amateurs, paid little or nothing, reimbursed their expenses and given bonuses for winning. Then in 1960 came arguably the first rallying superstar (and one of the first to be paid to rally full-time), Sweden's <a href="/wiki/Erik_Carlsson" title="Erik Carlsson">Erik Carlsson</a>, driving for <a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab</a>. Contrarily a privateer has to meet all the organization requirements and expenses involved in competing and usually competes for the enjoyment rather than using the sport as a means of promotion or contesting a full championship. A <i>specialist driver</i> is used to describe a driver who may have the skills and aptitude to win a rally of a certain surface but not on another. In the World Rally Championship which consists of different surfaces, a tarmac specialist driver may be employed by a team for example, on only the tarmac rounds. A privateer snow specialist may only enter the snow rounds. Some examples of specialist drivers are <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Panizzi" title="Gilles Panizzi">Gilles Panizzi</a>, who obtained several victories on asphalt in the WRC while on gravel never passed fifth place; <a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Mehta" title="Shekhar Mehta">Shekhar Mehta</a> won five editions of the Safari Rally however he never aspired to win the world championship and the Swede <a href="/wiki/Mats_Jonsson_(rally_driver)" title="Mats Jonsson (rally driver)">Mats Jonsson</a> achieved his only two victories in the world, in the Rally Sweden. Historically, manufacturers always used local drivers due to their experience which ensured a certain result. Unlike in many other sports, rally has no gender barriers and everybody can compete on equal terms in this regard, although historically there were cups and trophies only for women. One of the first prominent names was that of the Brit <a href="/wiki/Pat_Moss" title="Pat Moss">Pat Moss</a>, sister of F1 driver <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Moss" title="Stirling Moss">Stirling Moss</a>, who won several rallies in her time. Later, Italy's Antonella Mandello, Germany's Isolde Holderies, Britain's Louise Aitken Walker and Sweden's Pernilla Waldridson stood out. The most notable was France's <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton" title="Michèle Mouton">Michèle Mouton</a> who with co-driver, <a href="/wiki/Fabrizia_Pons" title="Fabrizia Pons">Fabrizia Pons</a>, became the first women to achieve victories in the world championship, in addition to the championship runner-up slots in 1982. As co-pilots in addition to the aforementioned Pons, the French Michèle Espinos "Biche" stood out, the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Tina_Th%C3%B6rner" title="Tina Thörner">Tina Thörner</a>, the Venezuelan <a href="/wiki/Ana_Go%C3%B1i" title="Ana Goñi">Ana Goñi</a> or the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Ilka_Minor" title="Ilka Minor">Ilka Minor</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Co-driver">Co-driver</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Co-driver"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fabrizia_Pons_e_Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton_-_Rallye_Sanremo_1981_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fabrizia_Pons_e_Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton_-_Rallye_Sanremo_1981_crop.jpg/220px-Fabrizia_Pons_e_Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton_-_Rallye_Sanremo_1981_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fabrizia_Pons_e_Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton_-_Rallye_Sanremo_1981_crop.jpg/330px-Fabrizia_Pons_e_Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton_-_Rallye_Sanremo_1981_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fabrizia_Pons_e_Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton_-_Rallye_Sanremo_1981_crop.jpg/440px-Fabrizia_Pons_e_Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton_-_Rallye_Sanremo_1981_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fabrizia_Pons" title="Fabrizia Pons">Fabrizia Pons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton" title="Michèle Mouton">Michèle Mouton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rallye_Sanremo" title="Rallye Sanremo">Rallye Sanremo 1981</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Co-driver" title="Co-driver">co-driver</a> accompanies the driver inside the car during a <i>rally</i> stage and is sometimes called a navigator. The co-driver and driver may swap roles although this is uncommon. On all rallies their responsibilities are mostly organizational, assisting to ensure the route is adhered to, the correct timing of the itinerary is met, ensuring completion of the timecard and avoiding penalties for being early or late when arriving at time controls. Usually the co-driver maintains communication with the team as the rally progresses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On special stages, the co-driver's role is to notate pace notes during reconnaissance and recite them at the correct point the driver demands when competing. This is a skill in itself as it requires reading the notes of the unseen road ahead from a page whilst keeping track of the current location. Theoretically, the more pacenotes a co-driver can deliver gives the driver more detail of the road ahead. Incorrect pace notes called at very high speeds on blind corners or crests can easily lead to accidents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The co-driver often exercises an important role in strategy, monitoring the state of rivals and in many cases acting as a psychologist, since they also encourage and advise the driver. The rapport between driver and co-driver must therefore be essential and it is common for a driver to change partners throughout their career if they do not feel comfortable. Perhaps for this reason it is very common to find relatives competing. Examples of this are the Panizzi brothers, who raced in France and the world championship, the Vallejo brothers in Spain or the world champion <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Gr%C3%B6nholm" title="Marcus Grönholm">Marcus Grönholm</a> who took his brother-in-law as co-driver during his career.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Team">Team</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Team"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A rally team is not required and can exist in various forms but is usually only found in professional or commercial speed competition rallying such as is found in the WRC where manufacturer teams are required to enter multiple cars. Commercial teams exist to provide a service to privateers. A driver, co-driver and friends volunteering to help can also be called a team.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rees,_Quesnel_and_Wilson_at_WRC_Finland_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rees%2C_Quesnel_and_Wilson_at_WRC_Finland_2011.jpg/220px-Rees%2C_Quesnel_and_Wilson_at_WRC_Finland_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rees%2C_Quesnel_and_Wilson_at_WRC_Finland_2011.jpg/330px-Rees%2C_Quesnel_and_Wilson_at_WRC_Finland_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rees%2C_Quesnel_and_Wilson_at_WRC_Finland_2011.jpg/440px-Rees%2C_Quesnel_and_Wilson_at_WRC_Finland_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2942" data-file-height="1961" /></a><figcaption>Team principals during a public question and answer session</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Team principal</b>: The team principal is the authoritative organizer and decision maker. They are ultimately responsible for recruitment of all positions, which rallies or championships to enter, technical development and maintenance of cars, and competitive aims or targets. They are generally a position found in manufacturer teams where they will also be responsible for promotional and commercial activities. In all cases a team principal will also be responsible for the financial management.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Engineer:</b> The engineer helps develop the car away from a rally, tuning it to be in best form for competition. During a rally, the engineer will assist the driver with the set-up of the car such as fine-tuning the suspension, differentials, gear ratios or deciding on correct tyres. The engineer may also be a mechanic.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Mechanic</b>: A mechanic repairs and services the car before, after and in scheduled services during the rally. It helps to be multiskilled covering things from panel-beating to electrical diagnostics to changing oil.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Gravel crew:</b> Despite the name, gravel crews are only found on asphalt rallies. These crews drive the stages as late as possible before the zero car to make last minute embellishments to the pace notes on the topic of traction. This is usually from weather conditions such as ice or snow or where gravel has been brought onto the road where cars have cut corners on a previous running of the stage. The gravel crews must work fast as they often run whilst their rally crews are competing other stages making the window for communication narrow.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officials">Officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Rally director</b>: Chief organiser and assumes overall responsibility of all competitors and officials.</li> <li><b>Stewards</b>: Ensure the adherence to rules and regulations and decide penalties where breaches are found.</li> <li><b>Clerk of the course</b>: Administration position responsible for compiling timings, results and penalties; compiling documents and communicating notices.</li> <li><b>Scrutineers</b>: Technical position ensuring cars are safe and within regulations.</li> <li><b>Marshals</b>: Usually volunteer positions overseeing the route of the rally, reporting and reacting to incidents.</li> <li><b>Timekeeper</b>: Found at time controls on road sections and the start and finish line of special stages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicles">Vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timo_M%C3%A4kinen_-_1965_Rally_Finland_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Timo_M%C3%A4kinen_-_1965_Rally_Finland_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Timo_M%C3%A4kinen_-_1965_Rally_Finland_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Timo_M%C3%A4kinen_-_1965_Rally_Finland_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Timo_M%C3%A4kinen_-_1965_Rally_Finland_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Timo_M%C3%A4kinen_-_1965_Rally_Finland_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Timo_M%C3%A4kinen_-_1965_Rally_Finland_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Timo_M%C3%A4kinen" title="Timo Mäkinen">Timo Mäkinen</a> drives the <a href="/wiki/Mini_Cooper_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini Cooper S">Mini Cooper S</a> to first of three wins in the <a href="/wiki/Rally_Finland" title="Rally Finland">1000 Lakes Rally</a>. Mini also won the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Rally" title="Monte Carlo Rally">Monte Carlo Rally</a> in 1964, 1965 and 1967.</figcaption></figure> <p>Auto manufacturers had entered cars in rallies, and in their forerunner and cousin events, from the very beginning. The 1894 Paris-Rouen race was mainly a competition between them, while the Thousand Mile Trial of 1900 had more trade than private entries.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the time that speed limits were introduced to the various nation's roads, rallies became mostly about reliability than speed. As a result rallies and trials became a great proving ground for any standard production vehicle, with no real need to purposely build a rally competition car until the special stage was introduced in the 1950s. </p><p>Although there had been exceptions like the outlandish Ford V8 specials created for the 1936 Monte Carlo Rally,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rallies before World War II had tended to be for standard or near-standard production cars. After the war, most competing cars were production <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">saloons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports cars</a>, with only minor modifications to improve performance, handling, braking and suspension. This naturally kept costs down and allowed many more people to afford the sport using ordinary cars, compared to the rally specials used today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groups_1–4"><span id="Groups_1.E2.80.934"></span>Groups 1–4</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Groups 1–4"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954 the FIA introduced <a href="/wiki/Appendix_J" class="mw-redirect" title="Appendix J">Appendix J</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Sporting_Code" title="International Sporting Code">International Sporting Code</a>, classifying touring and sports production cars for use in its competitions, including the new European Rally Championship, and cars had to be <a href="/wiki/Homologation_(motorsport)" title="Homologation (motorsport)">homologated</a> in order to compete.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Groups 1–9 within Appendix J changed frequently though <a href="/wiki/Group_1_(motorsport)" title="Group 1 (motorsport)">Group 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_2_(motorsport)" title="Group 2 (motorsport)">Group 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_3_(motorsport)" title="Group 3 (motorsport)">Group 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Group_4_(motorsport)" title="Group 4 (motorsport)">Group 4</a> generally held the forms of unmodified or modified, series production touring and grand touring cars used in rallying. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_-_Bonhams_2017_-_Lancia_Stratos_Groupe_4_coup%C3%A9_-_1976_-_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paris_-_Bonhams_2017_-_Lancia_Stratos_Groupe_4_coup%C3%A9_-_1976_-_001.jpg/220px-Paris_-_Bonhams_2017_-_Lancia_Stratos_Groupe_4_coup%C3%A9_-_1976_-_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paris_-_Bonhams_2017_-_Lancia_Stratos_Groupe_4_coup%C3%A9_-_1976_-_001.jpg/330px-Paris_-_Bonhams_2017_-_Lancia_Stratos_Groupe_4_coup%C3%A9_-_1976_-_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paris_-_Bonhams_2017_-_Lancia_Stratos_Groupe_4_coup%C3%A9_-_1976_-_001.jpg/440px-Paris_-_Bonhams_2017_-_Lancia_Stratos_Groupe_4_coup%C3%A9_-_1976_-_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Group_4_(motorsport)" title="Group 4 (motorsport)">Group 4</a> <a href="/wiki/Lancia_Stratos_HF" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancia Stratos HF">Lancia Stratos HF</a> helped <a href="/wiki/Lancia" title="Lancia">Lancia</a> win the World Rally Championship in <a href="/wiki/1974_World_Rally_Championship_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 World Rally Championship season">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/1975_World_Rally_Championship_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 World Rally Championship season">1975</a> and <a href="/wiki/1976_World_Rally_Championship_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 World Rally Championship season">1976</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As rallying grew in popularity, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">car companies</a> started to introduce special models or variants for rallying, such as the <a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">British Motor Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mini_Cooper" title="Mini Cooper">Mini Cooper</a>, introduced in Group 2 in 1962, and its successor the Mini Cooper S (1963), developed by the <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Car_Company" title="Cooper Car Company">Cooper Car Company</a>. Shortly after, <a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford of Britain</a> first hired <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> to create a high-performance version of their <a href="/wiki/Ford_Cortina" title="Ford Cortina">Cortina</a> family car, then in 1968 launched the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(Europe)" title="Ford Escort (Europe)">Escort Twin Cam</a>, one of the most successful rally cars of its era. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Abarth" title="Abarth">Abarth</a> developed high performance versions of <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiats</a> <a href="/wiki/Fiat_124" title="Fiat 124">124</a> roadster and <a href="/wiki/Fiat_131" title="Fiat 131">131</a> saloon.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other manufacturers were not content with modifying their 'bread-and-butter' cars. <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> bankrolled the small volume sports-car maker <a href="/wiki/Alpine_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine (car)">Alpine</a> to transform their little <a href="/wiki/Alpine_A110" title="Alpine A110">A110 Berlinette coupé</a> into a world-beating rally car, and hired a skilled team of drivers to pilot it. In 1974 the <a href="/wiki/Lancia_Stratos" title="Lancia Stratos">Lancia Stratos</a> became the first car designed from scratch to win rallies.<sup id="cite_ref-sportscarmarket.com2_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sportscarmarket.com2-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These makers overcame the rules of FISA (as the FIA was called at the time) by building the requisite number of these models for the road, somewhat inventing the 'homologation special'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four-wheel-drive">Four-wheel-drive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Four-wheel-drive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FranzWittmannSen.1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/FranzWittmannSen.1984.jpg/220px-FranzWittmannSen.1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/FranzWittmannSen.1984.jpg/330px-FranzWittmannSen.1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/FranzWittmannSen.1984.jpg/440px-FranzWittmannSen.1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Audi_Quattro_A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Audi Quattro A2">Audi Quattro A2</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1980, a German car maker, <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a>, at that time not noted for their interest in rallying, introduced a rather large and heavy coupé version of their family saloon, installed a <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharged</a> 2.1 <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a> <a href="/wiki/Straight-five_engine" title="Straight-five engine">five-cylinder</a> engine, and fitted it with <a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">four-wheel drive</a>, giving birth to the <a href="/wiki/Audi_Quattro" title="Audi Quattro">Audi Quattro</a>. International regulations had prohibited four-wheel drive in rallying, but FISA accepted that this was a genuine production car and changed the rules. The Quattro quickly became the car to beat on snow, ice or gravel; and in 1983 took <a href="/wiki/Hannu_Mikkola" title="Hannu Mikkola">Hannu Mikkola</a> to the World Rally Championship title.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groups_N/A/B"><span id="Groups_N.2FA.2FB"></span>Groups N/A/B</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Groups N/A/B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1982 the FIA replaced the structure of groups in Appendix J. Rallying, with the young World Rally Championship, now allowed <a href="/wiki/Group_N" title="Group N">Group N</a> for unmodified touring cars, <a href="/wiki/Group_A" title="Group A">Group A</a> for modified touring cars and <a href="/wiki/Group_B" title="Group B">Group B</a> for Grand Touring cars. The low production requirement and loose restrictions of Group B led many manufacturers to develop cars much further removed from production models, and so was created a generation of rallying supercars, of which the most radical and successful were the <a href="/wiki/Peugeot_205" title="Peugeot 205">Peugeot 205</a> T16, <a href="/wiki/Renault_5_Turbo" title="Renault 5 Turbo">Renault 5 Turbo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lancia_Delta_S4" title="Lancia Delta S4">Lancia Delta S4</a>, with lightweight fibreglass bodies roughly the shape of the standard car tacked onto spaceframe chassis, four-wheel drive, and power outputs higher than 500 hp (370 kW).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This particular era was not to last. On the 1986 <a href="/wiki/Rallye_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rallye de Portugal">Rallye de Portugal</a>, four spectators were killed then two months later on the <i><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Corse" title="Tour de Corse">Tour de Corse</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Toivonen" title="Henri Toivonen">Henri Toivonen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Cresto" title="Sergio Cresto">Sergio Cresto</a> went over the edge of a mountain road and were incinerated in the fireball that followed. FISA immediately changed the rules again: rallying after 1987 would be in Groups A and N cars, closer to the production model. One notably successful car during this period was the Group A <a href="/wiki/Lancia_Delta_Integrale" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancia Delta Integrale">Lancia Delta Integrale</a>, dominating world rallying during 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992 – winning six consecutive manufacturer's world rally championship titles, a feat unbeaten as of 2022. In the 1990s Japanese manufacturers Toyota, Subaru and Mitsubishi also dominated the world rally championships. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suzuka_Fan_Thanksgiving_Day_2022_(31)_-_TOYOTA_GR_YARIS_RALLY_1_No.18_in_2022_FIA_World_Rally_Championship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Suzuka_Fan_Thanksgiving_Day_2022_%2831%29_-_TOYOTA_GR_YARIS_RALLY_1_No.18_in_2022_FIA_World_Rally_Championship.jpg/220px-Suzuka_Fan_Thanksgiving_Day_2022_%2831%29_-_TOYOTA_GR_YARIS_RALLY_1_No.18_in_2022_FIA_World_Rally_Championship.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Suzuka_Fan_Thanksgiving_Day_2022_%2831%29_-_TOYOTA_GR_YARIS_RALLY_1_No.18_in_2022_FIA_World_Rally_Championship.jpg/330px-Suzuka_Fan_Thanksgiving_Day_2022_%2831%29_-_TOYOTA_GR_YARIS_RALLY_1_No.18_in_2022_FIA_World_Rally_Championship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Suzuka_Fan_Thanksgiving_Day_2022_%2831%29_-_TOYOTA_GR_YARIS_RALLY_1_No.18_in_2022_FIA_World_Rally_Championship.jpg/440px-Suzuka_Fan_Thanksgiving_Day_2022_%2831%29_-_TOYOTA_GR_YARIS_RALLY_1_No.18_in_2022_FIA_World_Rally_Championship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toyota_GR_Yaris_Rally1" title="Toyota GR Yaris Rally1">Toyota GR Yaris Rally1</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rally_Specific_cars">Rally Specific cars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Rally Specific cars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Groups N/A/B were not exclusively used in rallying, A and N were also used in circuit touring car racing. Beginning with the '<a href="/w/index.php?title=F2_kit_car&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F2 kit car (page does not exist)">F2 kit car</a>' in the mid-90s, extensions to Group A and N began to emerge, these were modifications to touring production cars that made them 'a standard rally car'. The <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Car" title="World Rally Car">World Rally Car</a> formula, introduced to the WRC in 1997, became the flagship car in the manufacturer's championship. This was followed by <a href="/wiki/Super_1600" title="Super 1600">Super 1600</a> and <a href="/wiki/Super_2000" title="Super 2000">Super 2000-Rally</a>, standard formulas for lower classes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Group_R" title="Group R">Group R</a> contained a full range of formulae for rally specific cars and was introduced beginning 2008. Cars ranged from budget/entry in the case of R1, to performance in R5. <a href="/wiki/Group_R-GT" title="Group R-GT">R-GT</a> made provisions for grand touring cars in rallying for the first time since Group B had been banned. In 2019, the Group R ladder became the basis of a new <a href="/wiki/Groups_Rally" title="Groups Rally">Groups Rally</a>, with hybrid <a href="/wiki/Group_Rally1" title="Group Rally1">Rally1</a> vehicles replacing the World Rally Car. This particular car could be built using a spaceframe chassis, another first since the banning of Group B.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dakar_Audi_-_Flickr_-_exfordy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dakar_Audi_-_Flickr_-_exfordy.jpg/220px-Dakar_Audi_-_Flickr_-_exfordy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dakar_Audi_-_Flickr_-_exfordy.jpg/330px-Dakar_Audi_-_Flickr_-_exfordy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dakar_Audi_-_Flickr_-_exfordy.jpg/440px-Dakar_Audi_-_Flickr_-_exfordy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3427" data-file-height="2139" /></a><figcaption>Audi <a href="/wiki/Group_T1" title="Group T1">Group T1</a> <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> used in rally raids</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-country">Cross-country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Cross-country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Group_T1" title="Group T1">Groups T1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Group_T2" title="Group T2">T2</a> codify cars used in FIA cross-country rallies. <a href="/wiki/Group_T5" title="Group T5">Group T5</a> (T4 prior to 2020) was introduced to allow support trucks to enter the rally raids in their own class. <a href="/wiki/Group_T3" title="Group T3">Groups T3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Group_T4" title="Group T4">T4</a> are reserved for <a href="/wiki/Side-by-side_(vehicle)" title="Side-by-side (vehicle)">side-by-side vehicles</a> and lightweight vehicles, these differ from cars by not having notable parts such as windscreens or doors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Rally_support_truck" title="Rally support truck">Group T6</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trophy_truck" title="Trophy truck">Trophy truck</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zero_Rally_2011_(5809932176).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Zero_Rally_2011_%285809932176%29.jpg/220px-Zero_Rally_2011_%285809932176%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Zero_Rally_2011_%285809932176%29.jpg/330px-Zero_Rally_2011_%285809932176%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Zero_Rally_2011_%285809932176%29.jpg/440px-Zero_Rally_2011_%285809932176%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Electric vehicles charging during the 2011 Zero Rally</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_energy">Alternative energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Alternative energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2007 the FIA have arranged an <a href="/wiki/FIA_E-Rally_Regularity_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA E-Rally Regularity Cup">ecoRally Cup</a> in various forms for vehicles with alternative fuel sources or hybrid powertrains. As a regularity rally no speed tests take place meaning competitors can enter using commercially available cars, however purpose-built cars have entered in the solar powered category for example.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The car manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a>, WRC driver <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Paddon" title="Hayden Paddon">Hayden Paddon</a> and a collaboration of rally team Baumschlager, Kreisel and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a> have each built electric cars for special stage rallies in the 2020s.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022 Audi entered the Dakar Rally for the first time with their electric <a href="/wiki/Audi_RS_Q_e-tron" title="Audi RS Q e-tron">Audi RS Q e-tron</a>. Their later entry in the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Desert_Challenge" title="Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge">Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge</a> resulted in an overall win.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic">Historic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Historic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bedford_Rascal_gumball_Rally_2006_GLC_Goldie_Looking_Chain_Maggot_IMG_3441.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bedford_Rascal_gumball_Rally_2006_GLC_Goldie_Looking_Chain_Maggot_IMG_3441.jpg/220px-Bedford_Rascal_gumball_Rally_2006_GLC_Goldie_Looking_Chain_Maggot_IMG_3441.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bedford_Rascal_gumball_Rally_2006_GLC_Goldie_Looking_Chain_Maggot_IMG_3441.jpg/330px-Bedford_Rascal_gumball_Rally_2006_GLC_Goldie_Looking_Chain_Maggot_IMG_3441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bedford_Rascal_gumball_Rally_2006_GLC_Goldie_Looking_Chain_Maggot_IMG_3441.jpg/440px-Bedford_Rascal_gumball_Rally_2006_GLC_Goldie_Looking_Chain_Maggot_IMG_3441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Rascal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford Rascal">Bedford Rascal</a>, 2006 <a href="/wiki/Gumball_3000" title="Gumball 3000">Gumball 3000 Rally</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The minimum age and inclusion of a vehicle in a historic rally is at the decision of the organiser. The FIA organises two international competitions for historic rallying: the European Historic Rally Championship, composed of special stage rallies; and the Trophy for Historic Regularity Rallies.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both cases, cars must comply with their Appendix K of the International Sporting Code, which classifies historic vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many nation's ASNs and independent organisations also arrange historic rallies and championships.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Any_vehicle">Any vehicle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Any vehicle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As regularity rallies and touring assemblies take place on open roads without a performance requirement, a rally organiser can hypothetically allow any street legal vehicle to enter. The Wacky Rally will permit campervans, fire appliances, busses or the <a href="/wiki/Batmobile" title="Batmobile">Batmobile</a> for example.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Banger_rally" title="Banger rally">Banger rallies</a> generally permit any car purchased below a given value. The Gumball 3000 is known for permitting luxury and performance cars alongside ordinary cars, vans and some unconventional vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In February 2015, The <a href="/wiki/National_Film_%26_Television_School" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film & Television School">National Film & Television School</a> in England premiered one of their graduating films called <i>Group B</i> directed by ex-rally driver Nick Rowland. The film, set during the last year of the Group B class of rally tells the story of a young driver having to face a difficult comeback after a "long and troubled absence". The young driver is played by Scottish actor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Madden" title="Richard Madden">Richard Madden</a>, and his co-driver played by Northern Irish actor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smiley" title="Michael Smiley">Michael Smiley</a>. The film features Group B class cars such as Ford RS200, Opel Manta and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Pond" title="Tony Pond">Tony Pond</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Austin_Metro#MG_Metro_6R4_rally_car" title="Austin Metro">MG Metro 6R4</a>. The stunt driving in the film has been attributed to Rally America champion <a href="/wiki/David_Higgins_(rally_driver)" title="David Higgins (rally driver)">David Higgins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>A documentary revolving around the life and career of World Rally Championship driver <a href="/wiki/Ott_T%C3%A4nak" title="Ott Tänak">Ott Tänak</a> entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Ott_T%C3%A4nak:_The_Movie" title="Ott Tänak: The Movie">Ott Tänak: The Movie</a></i> was released in Estonian cinemas on April 11, 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on <a href="/wiki/Video-on-demand" class="mw-redirect" title="Video-on-demand">video-on-demand</a> on October 1, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-netkinos_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netkinos-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary consisted of interviews with Tänak, his family, friends and colleagues within the sport interspersed with filmed and archive footage of Tänak's previous rallies along with behind-the-scenes footage from the 2018 WRC season viewed from the Estonian driver's perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_for_Glory:_Audi_vs._Lancia" title="Race for Glory: Audi vs. Lancia">Race for Glory: Audi vs. Lancia</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legends_of_the_Winding_Roads" title="Legends of the Winding Roads">Legends of the Winding Roads</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gumball_Rally" title="The Gumball Rally">The Gumball Rally</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Carlo_or_Bust!" title="Monte Carlo or Bust!">Monte Carlo or Bust!</a> (1969)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rally_Trophy" title="Rally Trophy">Rally Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_McRae_Rally_and_Dirt" title="Colin McRae Rally and Dirt">Colin McRae Rally, Dirt Rally series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burns_Rally" title="Richard Burns Rally">Richard Burns Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Loeb_Rally_Evo" title="Sébastien Loeb Rally Evo">Sébastien Loeb Rally Evo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommi_M%C3%A4kinen_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Tommi Mäkinen Rally">Tommi Makinen Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Q_RAC_Rally_(video_game)" title="Network Q RAC Rally (video game)">Network Q RAC Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Rally" title="V-Rally">V-Rally series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship_(video_game_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rally Championship (video game series)">World Rally Championship series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Summer_Car" title="My Summer Car">My Summer Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Rally_Championship" title="Sega Rally Championship">Sega Rally Championship</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Donegal Rally has inspired several songs by Irish bands; <i>Can't Wait For June</i> by <i>Ella & Off The Kuff Rally Band, The Donegal Rally Song</i> by <i>The Rally Band</i>, and <i>Give It To Her Now</i> by <i>The Rhythm Sticks.</i><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The track <i>Every Second Counts</i> from <a href="/wiki/Chris_Rea" title="Chris Rea">Chris Rea's</a> album <i><a href="/wiki/Auberge_(album)" title="Auberge (album)">Auberge</a></i>, was named after the autobiography of WRC champion and Dakar Rally winner <a href="/wiki/Ari_Vatanen" title="Ari Vatanen">Ari Vatanen</a>. Rea and Vatanen have been friends since sharing a house in the UK together in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>Heizer Monkeys</i> track <i>The TF Song (Pineapple King)</i>, features WRC figures <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Manthey" title="Olaf Manthey">Olaf Manthey</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tefan_Rosina" title="Štefan Rosina">Štefan Rosina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_R%C3%B6hrl" title="Walter Röhrl">Walter Röhrl</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misha_Charoudin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misha Charoudin (page does not exist)">Misha Charoudin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rally_driving_techniques">Rally driving techniques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Rally driving techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_clutch_(technique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Double clutch (technique)">Double clutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbrake_turn" title="Handbrake turn">Handbrake turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel-and-toe_shifting" title="Heel-and-toe shifting">Heel-and-toe shifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_jumping" title="Hill jumping">Hill jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-foot_braking" title="Left-foot braking">Left-foot braking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_flick" title="Scandinavian flick">Scandinavian flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_braking" title="Trail braking">Trail braking</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rally_events">Rally events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Rally events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andros_Trophy" title="Andros Trophy">Andros Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholistan_Desert_Jeep_Rally" title="Cholistan Desert Jeep Rally">Cholistan Desert Jeep Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Rally_Championship" title="Australian Rally Championship">Australian Rally Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Rally_Championship" title="Canadian Rally Championship">Canadian Rally Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Rally_Championship" title="British Rally Championship">British Rally Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Rally_Championship" title="European Rally Championship">European Rally Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Rally_Challenge" title="Intercontinental Rally Challenge">Intercontinental Rally Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Rally_Association" title="American Rally Association">American Rally Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targa_Newfoundland" title="Targa Newfoundland">Targa Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related">Related</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Related"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12-car_rally" title="12-car rally">12-car rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_orienteering" title="Car orienteering">Car orienteering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_rally" title="Classic rally">Classic rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_racing" title="Ice racing">Ice racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">Rally raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallycross" title="Rallycross">Rallycross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regularity_rally" title="Regularity rally">Regularity rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCCA_RallyCross" title="SCCA RallyCross">SCCA RallyCross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_car" title="Zero car">Zero car</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ISC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISC_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2022_international_sporting_code_fr-en_clean_version_23_january2022_.pdf">"2022 International Sporting Code"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+International+Sporting+Code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fia.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2022_international_sporting_code_fr-en_clean_version_23_january2022_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.na-motorsports.com/Rally/Road/">"Road Rally"</a>. <i>www.na-motorsports.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.na-motorsports.com&rft.atitle=Road+Rally&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.na-motorsports.com%2FRally%2FRoad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therallyeclub.org/what.htm">"What's a Rallye?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+a+Rallye%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftherallyeclub.org%2Fwhat.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2023_enec_-_fia_ecorally_cup_-_sporting_regulations_clean_wmsc_19_october_2022.pdf">"2023 FIA ecoRally Cup SPORTING REGULATIONS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+FIA+ecoRally+Cup+SPORTING+REGULATIONS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fia.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023_enec_-_fia_ecorally_cup_-_sporting_regulations_clean_wmsc_19_october_2022.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skoda-motorsport.com/en/legs-and-stages-guide-to-rally/">"Legs and Stages: The Bits and Parts of a Rally | Beginner's Guide to Rally"</a>. <i>ŠKODA Motorsport</i>. 2018-11-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C5%A0KODA+Motorsport&rft.atitle=Legs+and+Stages%3A+The+Bits+and+Parts+of+a+Rally+%7C+Beginner%27s+Guide+to+Rally&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skoda-motorsport.com%2Fen%2Flegs-and-stages-guide-to-rally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicroadrally.co.uk/">UK HRCR's Historic Road Rally</a> Retrieved 13 August 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hra.org.au/">Historic Rally Association (Australia)</a> Retrieved 13 August 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gumball3000.com/pages/terms-conditions-of-entry">"Terms & Conditions of Entry"</a>. <i>Gumball 3000</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gumball+3000&rft.atitle=Terms+%26+Conditions+of+Entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgumball3000.com%2Fpages%2Fterms-conditions-of-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://argent.fia.com/web/fia-public.nsf/C57D2C7837004DC3C125734B0032A5A2/$FILE/CSI%2024.10.2006%20modif%20ap%20AGO%20oct%2006%20revu%2016.05.07ANG.pdf?Openelement">"2007 INTERNATIONAL SPORTING CODE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. FIA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+INTERNATIONAL+SPORTING+CODE&rft.pub=FIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fargent.fia.com%2Fweb%2Ffia-public.nsf%2FC57D2C7837004DC3C125734B0032A5A2%2F%24FILE%2FCSI%252024.10.2006%2520modif%2520ap%2520AGO%2520oct%252006%2520revu%252016.05.07ANG.pdf%3FOpenelement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/rally">"rally | Etymology, origin and meaning of rally by etymonline"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=rally+%7C+Etymology%2C+origin+and+meaning+of+rally+by+etymonline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Frally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=rally&oldid=67221410">"rally"</a>, <i>Wiktionary</i>, 2022-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-09</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiktionary&rft.atitle=rally&rft.date=2022-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3Drally%26oldid%3D67221410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/56547937/rally-rally-rally/">"Rally! Rally!! Rally!!!"</a>. <i>The Brooklyn Union</i>. 1872-09-19. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brooklyn+Union&rft.atitle=Rally%21+Rally%21%21+Rally%21%21%21&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1872-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F56547937%2Frally-rally-rally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/image/431031828/?terms=auto%20rally&match=1">"3 Nov 1906, 8 - The Boston Globe at Newspapers.com"</a>. <i>Newspapers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newspapers.com&rft.atitle=3+Nov+1906%2C+8+-+The+Boston+Globe+at+Newspapers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F431031828%2F%3Fterms%3Dauto%2520rally%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/image/95198408/?terms=auto%20rally&match=1">"22 Apr 1910, Page 6 - Winston-Salem Journal at Newspapers.com"</a>. <i>Newspapers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newspapers.com&rft.atitle=22+Apr+1910%2C+Page+6+-+Winston-Salem+Journal+at+Newspapers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F95198408%2F%3Fterms%3Dauto%2520rally%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/image/466193754/?terms=%22auto%20rally%22&match=1">"1 Sep 1909, 1 - The Denison Review at Newspapers.com"</a>. <i>Newspapers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newspapers.com&rft.atitle=1+Sep+1909%2C+1+-+The+Denison+Review+at+Newspapers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F466193754%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522auto%2520rally%2522%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/744541918/?terms=motor%20rally&match=1">"Charleston's Motor Rally"</a>. <i>The Daily Record: Columbia SC</i>. 7 June 1910. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Record%3A+Columbia+SC&rft.atitle=Charleston%27s+Motor+Rally&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1910-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F744541918%2F%3Fterms%3Dmotor%2520rally%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/image/744543455/?terms=motor%20rally&match=1">"11 Jul 1910, 2 - The Columbia Record at Newspapers.com"</a>. <i>Newspapers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newspapers.com&rft.atitle=11+Jul+1910%2C+2+-+The+Columbia+Record+at+Newspapers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F744543455%2F%3Fterms%3Dmotor%2520rally%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louche, Maurice. <i>Le Rallye Monte-Carlo au XXe Siècle</i> (Maurice Louche, 2001), p.25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809162631/http://pcallais.free.fr/rallyeretro/monaco11.html">"Rallye de Monaco 1911, première édition du Monte-Carlo"</a>. 2020-08-09. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pcallais.free.fr/rallyeretro/monaco11.html">the original</a> on 2020-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rallye+de+Monaco+1911%2C+premi%C3%A8re+%C3%A9dition+du+Monte-Carlo&rft.date=2020-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpcallais.free.fr%2Frallyeretro%2Fmonaco11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose,_Gerald1909" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Gerald (1909). <i>A Record of Motor Racing 1894–1908</i> (1949 facsimile ed.). Royal Automobile Club. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Record+of+Motor+Racing+1894%E2%80%931908&rft.pages=1&rft.edition=1949+facsimile&rft.pub=Royal+Automobile+Club&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Rose%2C+Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grand_Prix_History_online-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grand_Prix_History_online_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grand_Prix_History_online_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandprixhistory.org/story.htm">Grand Prix History online</a> (retrieved 11 June 2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, G 1909 p 177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boddy, William: "The History of Brooklands Motor Course", page 11. Grenville, 1957.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Chris. <i>Road Race</i> (George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1977), p.22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p.31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, p.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pfundner, Martin. <i>Die Alpenfahrt 1910–1973</i> (Böhlau Verlag, 2005), p.9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalmotormuseum.org.uk/thousand-mile-trial-1900/">"Thousand Mile Trial 1900"</a>. 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousand+Mile+Trial+1900&rft.date=2020-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalmotormuseum.org.uk%2Fthousand-mile-trial-1900%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bennett, Elizabeth. <i>Thousand Mile Trial</i>. Elizabeth Bennett, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowbourne, Donald. <i>British Trial Drivers, Their Cars, Motorcycles and Awards 1902–1914</i> (Westbury Publishing 2003), p.275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cowbourne_2005_p_279-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cowbourne_2005_p_279_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cowbourne_2005_p_279_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowbourne 2005 p 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowbourne 2005 p 374</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowbourne 2005 p 422</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cowbourne, Donald. <i>British Trial Drivers, Their Cars and Awards 1919–1928</i> (Smith Settle, 2001), p.416.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robson, p.17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robson, p.20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robson, p.21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rene Levoll, The Last Motor Race of The Empire 2014 ISBN 9789949380602 accessed 15 December 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrews, Allen. <i>The Mad Motorists: The Great Peking–Paris Race of '07</i> (Harrap, 1964), p.16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schuster, George, with Mahoney, Tom. <i>The Longest Auto Race</i> (John Day Company, 1966), p.11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Villard, Henry Serrano. <i>The Great Road Races 1894–1914</i> (Arthur Barker Ltd, 1972), p.124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louche 2001 pp.44–79 & 377–384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pfundner 2005, p.45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pfundner 2005, p.81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamilton, Maurice. <i>RAC Rally</i> (Partridge Press, 1987), p.9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delsaux, Jean-Paul. <i>Marathon de la Route 1931/1971</i> (Jean-Paul Delsaux, 1991), p.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamill, Sammy. <i>The Circuit of Ireland Rally: Fifty Years On</i> (Tudor, 1981)", p.10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lurani, Giovanni. <i>La Storia della Mille Miglia</i> (De Agostini, 1979), p.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delsaux 1991, p.27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robson, p.45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamilton 1987, p.17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robson, p.46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robson, p.55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robson, p.55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louche, Maurice. <i>Le Tour de Corse Automobile 1956–1986</i> (Maurice Louche, 1989), p.26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lurani 1979, p.165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louche 1989, p.56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fangio, Juan Manuel, with Carozzo, Roberto. <i>Fangio: My Racing Life</i> (Patrick Stephens Ltd, 1990), p.50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fangio and Carozzo, p.92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy, Daryl E: "Carrera Panamericana: History of the Mexican Road Race, 1950-54", page 12. iUniverse Inc.,2nd edition 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fromentin, Pierre: "16.000 km à travers l'Afrique", page 1. Plon, 1954.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnard, Roger: "Safari Rally: The First 40 Years", page 10. Westholme Publishing, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lequipe.fr/Rallye-raid/Actualites/Le-rallye-du-maroc-annule-remplace-par-celui-d-andalousie/1160296">"Le Rallye du Maroc annulé, remplacé par celui d'Andalousie - Rallye-raid"</a>. <i>L'Équipe</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27%C3%89quipe&rft.atitle=Le+Rallye+du+Maroc+annul%C3%A9%2C+remplac%C3%A9+par+celui+d%27Andalousie+-+Rallye-raid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lequipe.fr%2FRallye-raid%2FActualites%2FLe-rallye-du-maroc-annule-remplace-par-celui-d-andalousie%2F1160296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tuckey, Bill, and Floyd, Thomas B: "Gregorys 25 Years of Around Australia Trials: From Redex to Repco", page 33. Gregory's Publishing 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shell-4000-rally.org/">"The Shell 4000 and BC Trans-Canada Rally History Project"</a>, shell-4000-rally.org, accessed 4 January 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brittan, Nick: "Marathon: Around the world in a cloud of dust". Motor Racing Publications, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hudson-Evans, Richard, and Robson, Graham: "The Big Drive: The Book of the World Cup Rally 1970". Speed & Sports Publications, 1970.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, Evan: "A Boot Full of Right Arms: Adventures in the London-Sahara-Munich Rally and other Motoring Marathons", Cassell Australia 1975.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stathatos, John. <i>The Long Drive: The Story of the Singapore Airlines London-Sydney Rally</i>. Pelham 1978.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tunberg, Anders, and Haventon, Peter. <i>Full fart genom Sverige: Svenska Rallyt 50 år</i> (<i>Full speed through Sweden: 50 years of the Swedish Rally</i>). Bienen & Haventon, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mäkinen, Marko, and Rauhala, Samuli. <i>Finnish Grand Prix: 50 years of rallying</i> (UserCom Finland Oy, 2001), p.9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamilton 1987 p 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiolka, Marty: "1000 Miles to Glory: The History of the Baja 1000", page 35. David Bull 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Dot & Jim. <i>Dakar: The Challenge of the Desert</i> (Dinefwr, 2003), p.14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wrc.com/en/more/about-wrc/lexicon/">"WRC A-Z"</a>. <i>WRC - World Rally Championship</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WRC+-+World+Rally+Championship&rft.atitle=WRC+A-Z&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrc.com%2Fen%2Fmore%2Fabout-wrc%2Flexicon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_76-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citroen.com.gh/citroen-universe/citroen-racing/glossary/">"Citroën C3 WRC Glossary | Learn More About The WRC"</a>. <i>Citroën Ghana</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Citro%C3%ABn+Ghana&rft.atitle=Citro%C3%ABn+C3+WRC+Glossary+%7C+Learn+More+About+The+WRC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citroen.com.gh%2Fcitroen-universe%2Fcitroen-racing%2Fglossary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northweststages.co.uk/spectators/rally-terminology/">"Rally Terminology – Legend Fires North West Stages Rally"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rally+Terminology+%E2%80%93+Legend+Fires+North+West+Stages+Rally&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northweststages.co.uk%2Fspectators%2Frally-terminology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicroadrally.co.uk/hrcr/navigation/ng3.htm">"The Event"</a>. <i>www.historicroadrally.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historicroadrally.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Event&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicroadrally.co.uk%2Fhrcr%2Fnavigation%2Fng3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itgetsfasternow.com/2019/02/27/wrc-itineraries-by-the-rule-book/">"WRC itineraries by the rule book"</a>. <i>It Gets Faster Now!</i>. 2019-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=It+Gets+Faster+Now%21&rft.atitle=WRC+itineraries+by+the+rule+book&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitgetsfasternow.com%2F2019%2F02%2F27%2Fwrc-itineraries-by-the-rule-book%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bscc.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Re-Group-Information-2020.pdf">"BSCC INFORMATION FOR REGROUP CONTROL OFFICIALS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BSCC+INFORMATION+FOR+REGROUP+CONTROL+OFFICIALS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbscc.asn.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F05%2FRe-Group-Information-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storage-aso.lequipe.fr/ASO/motorSports_dak/lexique-lecture-rb-fr-uk.pdf">"ROADBOOK USER GUIDE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ROADBOOK+USER+GUIDE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage-aso.lequipe.fr%2FASO%2FmotorSports_dak%2Flexique-lecture-rb-fr-uk.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storage-aso.lequipe.fr/ASO/motorSports_dak/lexique-dk21-v3.pdf">"2021 DAKAR ROAD BOOK LEXICON"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2021+DAKAR+ROAD+BOOK+LEXICON&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstorage-aso.lequipe.fr%2FASO%2FmotorSports_dak%2Flexique-dk21-v3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/wrcsr_2022_22-03-22_blue_updates.pdf">"2022 FIA WORLD RALLY CHAMPIONSHIP – SPORTING REGULATIONS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+FIA+WORLD+RALLY+CHAMPIONSHIP+%E2%80%93+SPORTING+REGULATIONS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fia.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fwrcsr_2022_22-03-22_blue_updates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090203131957/http://www.rally-america.com/glossary.php">Rallying Glossary</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> Retrieved 13 August 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crosscountryadv.com/doing-a-rally-race-as-a-beginner-bivouac-basics/">"Doing a Rally Race as a Beginner: Bivouac Basics // Cross Country ADV"</a>. <i>Cross-Country Adventures: RALLY+ADV Equipment</i>. 2021-06-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cross-Country+Adventures%3A+RALLY%2BADV+Equipment&rft.atitle=Doing+a+Rally+Race+as+a+Beginner%3A+Bivouac+Basics+%2F%2F+Cross+Country+ADV&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrosscountryadv.com%2Fdoing-a-rally-race-as-a-beginner-bivouac-basics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParikh" class="citation web cs1">Parikh, Binoy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.redbull.com/in-en/tech-check-msport-wrc-engineers-garage">"Tech Check: WRC Engineers in their natural habitat"</a>. <i>Red Bull</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Red+Bull&rft.atitle=Tech+Check%3A+WRC+Engineers+in+their+natural+habitat&rft.aulast=Parikh&rft.aufirst=Binoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redbull.com%2Fin-en%2Ftech-check-msport-wrc-engineers-garage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motorsportjobs.com/en/jobs/race-mechanics">"Race Mechanics Jobs"</a>. <i>motorsport JOBS</i>. motorsports JOBS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=motorsport+JOBS&rft.atitle=Race+Mechanics+Jobs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motorsportjobs.com%2Fen%2Fjobs%2Frace-mechanics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspapers.com/image/814050176/">"24 Apr 1900, 5 - The Western Daily Press at Newspapers.com"</a>. <i>Newspapers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newspapers.com&rft.atitle=24+Apr+1900%2C+5+-+The+Western+Daily+Press+at+Newspapers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F814050176%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShacki" class="citation web cs1">Shacki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewrc-results.com/entries/38101-rallye-automobile-de-monte-carlo-1936/">"Entry list Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo 1936"</a>. <i>eWRC-results.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eWRC-results.com&rft.atitle=Entry+list+Rallye+Automobile+de+Monte-Carlo+1936&rft.au=Shacki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewrc-results.com%2Fentries%2F38101-rallye-automobile-de-monte-carlo-1936%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicdb.fia.com/regulations/period-appendix-j">"Regulations - Period Appendix J"</a>. <i>FIA Historic Database</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FIA+Historic+Database&rft.atitle=Regulations+-+Period+Appendix+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricdb.fia.com%2Fregulations%2Fperiod-appendix-j&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicdb.fia.com/sites/default/files/regulations/1626099603/1954_fia_international_sporting_code.pdf">"International Sporting Code 1954"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Sporting+Code+1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricdb.fia.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fregulations%2F1626099603%2F1954_fia_international_sporting_code.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicdb.fia.com/cars/">"FIA Historic Database"</a>. <i>historicdb.fia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historicdb.fia.com&rft.atitle=FIA+Historic+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricdb.fia.com%2Fcars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sportscarmarket.com2-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sportscarmarket.com2_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060509085841/http://www.sportscarmarket.com/profiles/1995/January/Etceterini/index.html">"1975 Lancia Stratos"</a>. <i>sportscarmarket.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportscarmarket.com/profiles/1995/January/Etceterini/index.html">the original</a> on 9 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sportscarmarket.com&rft.atitle=1975+Lancia+Stratos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportscarmarket.com%2Fprofiles%2F1995%2FJanuary%2FEtceterini%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShacki" class="citation web cs1">Shacki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewrc-results.com/profile/7393-Hannu-Mikkola/">"Hannu Mikkola - rally profile eWRC-results.com"</a>. <i>eWRC-results.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eWRC-results.com&rft.atitle=Hannu+Mikkola+-+rally+profile+eWRC-results.com&rft.au=Shacki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewrc-results.com%2Fprofile%2F7393-Hannu-Mikkola%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rallygroupbshrine.org/the-group-b-cars/rally-cars/lancia-delta-s4/">"Lancia Delta S4 (Group B)"</a>. <i>Rally Group B Shrine</i>. 2016-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rally+Group+B+Shrine&rft.atitle=Lancia+Delta+S4+%28Group+B%29&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frallygroupbshrine.org%2Fthe-group-b-cars%2Frally-cars%2Flancia-delta-s4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topspeed.com/cars/vauxhall/2020-opel-corsa-e-electric-rally-car/">"2020 Opel Corsa-e Electric Rally Car @ Top Speed"</a>. <i>Top Speed</i>. 2019-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Top+Speed&rft.atitle=2020+Opel+Corsa-e+Electric+Rally+Car+%40+Top+Speed&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topspeed.com%2Fcars%2Fvauxhall%2F2020-opel-corsa-e-electric-rally-car%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroderick2021" class="citation web cs1">Broderick, Liam (2021-10-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/motorsport/126773234/hayden-paddon-shows-off-revolutionary-electric-rally-car-at-waimate-50-hill-climb">"Hayden Paddon shows off revolutionary electric rally car at Waimate 50 hill climb"</a>. <i>Stuff</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Hayden+Paddon+shows+off+revolutionary+electric+rally+car+at+Waimate+50+hill+climb&rft.date=2021-10-23&rft.aulast=Broderick&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fsport%2Fmotorsport%2F126773234%2Fhayden-paddon-shows-off-revolutionary-electric-rally-car-at-waimate-50-hill-climb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skoda.co.uk/news/details/skoda-motorsport-electric-rally-car-kreisel">"ŠKODA Motorsport supports development of fully electric rally car ŠKODA RE-X1 Kreisel"</a>. <i>www.skoda.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.skoda.co.uk&rft.atitle=%C5%A0KODA+Motorsport+supports+development+of+fully+electric+rally+car+%C5%A0KODA+RE-X1+Kreisel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skoda.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fdetails%2Fskoda-motorsport-electric-rally-car-kreisel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fia.com/events/european-historic-rally-championship/season-2022/events-calendar">"Events Calendar"</a>. <i>Federation Internationale de l'Automobile</i>. 2015-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federation+Internationale+de+l%27Automobile&rft.atitle=Events+Calendar&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fia.com%2Fevents%2Feuropean-historic-rally-championship%2Fseason-2022%2Fevents-calendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fia.com/events/trophy-historic-regularity-rallies/season-2022/regulations">"Regulations"</a>. <i>Federation Internationale de l'Automobile</i>. 2016-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federation+Internationale+de+l%27Automobile&rft.atitle=Regulations&rft.date=2016-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fia.com%2Fevents%2Ftrophy-historic-regularity-rallies%2Fseason-2022%2Fregulations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShacki" class="citation web cs1">Shacki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2022/135-erc-historic/">"Season 2022 rally"</a>. <i>eWRC-results.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eWRC-results.com&rft.atitle=Season+2022+rally&rft.au=Shacki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewrc-results.com%2Fseason%2F2022%2F135-erc-historic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2022_appendix_k_full_web_20220502.pdf">"2022 Appendix K"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+Appendix+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fia.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2022_appendix_k_full_web_20220502.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShacki" class="citation web cs1">Shacki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2022/833-rac-historic-asphalt/">"Season 2022 rally"</a>. <i>eWRC-results.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eWRC-results.com&rft.atitle=Season+2022+rally&rft.au=Shacki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewrc-results.com%2Fseason%2F2022%2F833-rac-historic-asphalt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShacki" class="citation web cs1">Shacki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2022/2020-france-gravel-vhc-classic/">"Season 2022 rally"</a>. <i>eWRC-results.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eWRC-results.com&rft.atitle=Season+2022+rally&rft.au=Shacki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewrc-results.com%2Fseason%2F2022%2F2020-france-gravel-vhc-classic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wackyrally.co.uk/gallery">"Photo Gallery"</a>. <i>Wacky Rally Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wacky+Rally+Ltd&rft.atitle=Photo+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wackyrally.co.uk%2Fgallery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2014" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Charlie (2014-06-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegentlemansjournal.com/5-outrageous-cars-gumball-3000/">"The 5 Most Outrageous Cars of Gumball 3000"</a>. <i>The Gentleman's Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gentleman%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=The+5+Most+Outrageous+Cars+of+Gumball+3000&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegentlemansjournal.com%2F5-outrageous-cars-gumball-3000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://films.jalopnik.com/robb-stark-races-in-rallyings-deadliest-era-in-new-film-1689465310/+matthardigree">Jalopnik Film Festival- Robb Stark Races In Rallying's Deadliest Era In New Film Group B</a> <i>films.jalopnik.com</i>, accessed 4 January 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sport.postimees.ee/6482648/video-ott-tanakust-on-valmimas-dokumentaalfilm">"Video: Ott Tänakust on valmimas dokumentaalfilm"</a>. <i>Postimees Sport</i> (in Estonian). 20 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Postimees+Sport&rft.atitle=Video%3A+Ott+T%C3%A4nakust+on+valmimas+dokumentaalfilm&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsport.postimees.ee%2F6482648%2Fvideo-ott-tanakust-on-valmimas-dokumentaalfilm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-netkinos-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-netkinos_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sport.delfi.ee/news/auto/wrc/ott-tanak-the-movie-on-alates-tanasest-nahtav-uues-globaalses-netikinos?id=87611459">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Ott Tänak - The Movie" on alates tänasest nähtav uues globaalses netikinos"</a>. <i>Delfi Sport</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Delfi+Sport&rft.atitle=%22Ott+T%C3%A4nak+-+The+Movie%22+on+alates+t%C3%A4nasest+n%C3%A4htav+uues+globaalses+netikinos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsport.delfi.ee%2Fnews%2Fauto%2Fwrc%2Fott-tanak-the-movie-on-alates-tanasest-nahtav-uues-globaalses-netikinos%3Fid%3D87611459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kinoportaal.postimees.ee/6507651/varsti-kinodes-pilk-kinnise-loomuga-ralliassa-maailma-vaata-konekaid-kaadreid-ott-tanaku-dokist">"Varsti kinodes! Pilk kinnise loomuga ralliässa maailma: Vaata kõnekaid kaadreid Ott Tänaku dokist"</a>. <i>Kinoportaal</i> (in Estonian). 2019-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kinoportaal&rft.atitle=Varsti+kinodes%21+Pilk+kinnise+loomuga+ralli%C3%A4ssa+maailma%3A+Vaata+k%C3%B5nekaid+kaadreid+Ott+T%C3%A4naku+dokist&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkinoportaal.postimees.ee%2F6507651%2Fvarsti-kinodes-pilk-kinnise-loomuga-ralliassa-maailma-vaata-konekaid-kaadreid-ott-tanaku-dokist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5Q-419fLd4"><i>Ella & Off The Kuff Rally Band - Can't Wait For June</i></a> (Video)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-01</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ella+%26+Off+The+Kuff+Rally+Band+-+Can%27t+Wait+For+June&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dz5Q-419fLd4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnSqzHhfPZU"><i>Donegal Rally Song - The Rally Band</i></a> (Video)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-01</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donegal+Rally+Song+-+The+Rally+Band&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRnSqzHhfPZU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHtOV3QIDRA"><i>GIVE IT TO HER NOW!!!!! The Donegal rally</i></a> (Video)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-01</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GIVE+IT+TO+HER+NOW%21%21%21%21%21+The+Donegal+rally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUHtOV3QIDRA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/profile-rallying-to-a-new-cause-ari-vatanen/">"PROFILE – Rallying to a new cause: Ari Vatanen"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i>. 2002-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=PROFILE+%E2%80%93+Rallying+to+a+new+cause%3A+Ari+Vatanen&rft.date=2002-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fprofile-rallying-to-a-new-cause-ari-vatanen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autosport.com/wrc/news/wrc-legend-walter-rohrl-makes-music-video-cameo-/9957975/">"WRC legend Walter Rohrl makes music video cameo"</a>. <i>www.autosport.com</i>. 16 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.autosport.com&rft.atitle=WRC+legend+Walter+Rohrl+makes+music+video+cameo&rft.date=2022-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autosport.com%2Fwrc%2Fnews%2Fwrc-legend-walter-rohrl-makes-music-video-cameo-%2F9957975%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARallying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallying&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rallying" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rallying">Rallying</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fia.com/">FIA</a> – Sanctioning body for the WRC</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrc.com/">World Rally Championship</a> – WRC official website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Motorsport_(Automobile_sport)192" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Motorsport" title="Template:Motorsport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Motorsport" title="Template talk:Motorsport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Motorsport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Motorsport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Motorsport_(Automobile_sport)192" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Motorsport" title="Motorsport">Motorsport</a> (Automobile sport)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">Racing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By course type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit racing">Circuit racing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_racing" title="Road racing">Road racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oval_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Oval racing">Oval racing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">Drag racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_racing" title="Street racing">Street racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-road_racing" title="Off-road racing">Off-road racing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirt_track_racing" title="Dirt track racing">Dirt track racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_course_off-road_racing" title="Short course off-road racing">Short course off-road racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_racing" title="Desert racing">Desert racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_racing" title="Ice racing">Ice racing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By vehicle type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formula_racing" title="Formula racing">Single-seater racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">Sports car racing</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/GT_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="GT racing">GT racing</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">Touring car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_car_racing" title="Stock car racing">Stock car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing" title="Kart racing">Kart racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_racing" title="Truck racing">Truck racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn_mower_racing" title="Lawn mower racing">Lawn mower racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_car_racing" title="Sprint car racing">Sprint car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midget_car_racing" title="Midget car racing">Midget car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck_racing" title="Pickup truck racing">Pickup truck racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_racing" title="Autonomous racing">Autonomous racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FIA series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> / <a href="/wiki/Formula_Two" title="Formula Two">Two</a> / <a href="/wiki/Formula_Three" title="Formula Three">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_E" title="Formula E">Formula E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIA_World_Endurance_Championship" title="FIA World Endurance Championship">World Endurance Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rallycross_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rallycross Championship">World Rallycross Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karting_World_Championship" title="Karting World Championship">Karting World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Truck_Racing_Championship" title="European Truck Racing Championship">European Truck Racing Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Drag_Racing_Championship" title="European Drag Racing Championship">European Drag Racing Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Time_trial#Motorsport" title="Time trial">Time trial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillclimbing" title="Hillclimbing">Hillclimbing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Hill_Climb_Championship" title="European Hill Climb Championship">European Hill Climb Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Time attack">Time attack</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rallysprint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rallysprint (page does not exist)">Rallysprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocross" title="Autocross">Autocross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoslalom" title="Autoslalom">Autoslalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotesting" title="Autotesting">Autotesting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autosolo" title="Autosolo">Autosolo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Untimed and<br />Sectional trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drifting_(motorsport)" title="Drifting (motorsport)">Drifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymkhana_(motorsport)" title="Gymkhana (motorsport)">Gymkhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorkhana" title="Motorkhana">Motorkhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_trial" title="Classic trial">Classic trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_crawling" title="Rock crawling">Rock crawling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_bogging" title="Mud bogging">Mud bogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dune_bashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dune bashing">Sand driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_laning" class="mw-redirect" title="Green laning">Green laning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rallying</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_stage_(rallying)" title="Special stage (rallying)">Special stage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship" title="World Rally Championship">World Rally Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Rally_Championship" title="European Rally Championship">European Rally Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regularity_rally" title="Regularity rally">Regularity rally</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIA_ecoRally_Cup" title="FIA ecoRally Cup">FIA ecoRally Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-car_rally" title="12-car rally">12-car rally</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cross-country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baja_(cross-country_rally)" title="Baja (cross-country rally)">Baja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">Rally-raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">Marathon rally-raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rally-Raid_Championship" title="World Rally-Raid Championship">World Rally-Raid Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakar_Rally" title="Dakar Rally">Dakar Rally</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land_speed_record" title="Land speed record">Land speed records</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_speed_racing" title="Land speed racing">Land speed racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle_speed_records" title="List of vehicle speed records">List of vehicle speed records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThrustSSC" title="ThrustSSC">ThrustSSC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National motorsport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Australia" title="Motorsport in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supercars_Championship" title="Supercars Championship">Supercars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Canada" title="Motorsport in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsport in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsport in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsport in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Tourenwagen_Masters" title="Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters">DTM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsport in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_India" title="Motorsport in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsport in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Italy" title="Motorsport in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsport in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsport in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorsport in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Motorsport in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Touring_Car_Championship" title="British Touring Car Championship">BTCC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_in_the_United_States" title="Motorsport in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">IndyCar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topical articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_motorsport_terms" title="Glossary of motorsport terms">Glossary of terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_motorsport" title="Historic motorsport">Historic motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motorsport" title="Electric motorsport">Electric motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_motorsport" title="Environmentalism in motorsport">Environmentalism in motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorsport_industry" title="Motorsport industry">Motorsport industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_motorsport" title="Deaths in motorsport">Deaths in motorsport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="FIA_categories_and_groups228" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FIA_classes" title="Template:FIA classes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FIA_classes" title="Template talk:FIA classes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FIA_classes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FIA classes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="FIA_categories_and_groups228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_l%27Automobile" title="Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile">FIA</a> categories and groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_N" title="Group N">Group N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_A" title="Group A">Group A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_R" title="Group R">Group R</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groups_Rally" title="Groups Rally">Groups Rally2-5</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_E_(FIA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group E (FIA)">Group E-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_T2" title="Group T2">Group T2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_R-GT" title="Group R-GT">Group R-GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Rally1" title="Group Rally1">Group Rally1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_GT3" title="Group GT3">Group GT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_CN" title="Group CN">Group CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_E_(FIA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group E (FIA)">Group E-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_T1" title="Group T1">Group T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_T3" title="Group T3">Group T3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_T4" title="Group T4">Group T4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category III</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_F_(FIA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group F (FIA) (page does not exist)">Group F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_T5" title="Group T5">Group T5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />categories<br />and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_B" title="Group B">Group B</a> (1982–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Production" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Production">Group SP</a> (2001–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Touring" title="Super Touring">Group ST</a> (1996–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_1_Touring_Cars" title="Class 1 Touring Cars">Group CL1</a> (1996–2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_C" title="Group C">Group C</a> (1982–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_D_(FIA)" title="Group D (FIA)">Group D</a> (1982–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_GT1" title="Group GT1">Group GT1</a> (1997–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LM_GTE" title="LM GTE">Group GT2</a> (1997–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_GT1" title="Group GT1">Group GT</a> (1993–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_N-GT" title="Group N-GT">Group N-GT</a> (2001–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_1_(motorsport)" title="Group 1 (motorsport)">Group 1</a> (1966–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_2_(motorsport)" title="Group 2 (motorsport)">Group 2</a> (1966–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_3_(motorsport)" title="Group 3 (motorsport)">Group 3</a> (1966–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_(motorsport)" title="Group 4 (motorsport)">Group 4</a> (1966–81)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_5_(motorsport)" title="Group 5 (motorsport)">Group 5</a> (1966–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_6_(motorsport)" title="Group 6 (motorsport)">Group 6</a> (1966–81)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_7_(motorsport)" title="Group 7 (motorsport)">Group 7</a> (1966–81)</li> <li>Group 8 - <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">F1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formula_Two" title="Formula Two">F2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formula_Three" title="Formula Three">F3</a> (1966–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_Libre" title="Formula Libre">Group 9</a> (1966–81)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>FIA categories and groups defined in Appendix J to the <a href="/wiki/International_Sporting_Code" title="International Sporting Code">International Sporting Code</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1635" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7856#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rallyesport"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4176908-9">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Automobile rallies"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85010189">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rallyes automobiles"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941541w">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rallyes automobiles"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941541w">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="rallye"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph138265&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007295708205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rallying&oldid=1275979196">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rallying&oldid=1275979196</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rallying" title="Category:Rallying">Rallying</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Estonian-language_sources_(et)" title="Category:CS1 Estonian-language sources (et)">CS1 Estonian-language sources (et)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from June 2024">Articles with incomplete citations from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 05:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rallying&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rallying</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>48 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-vbt6r","wgBackendResponseTime":145,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.879","walltime":"1.098","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9095,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":174435,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":15327,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":253338,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 893.344 1 -total"," 33.78% 301.782 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.21% 225.255 51 Template:Cite_web"," 13.58% 121.274 20 Template:Fix"," 13.29% 118.731 19 Template:Citation_needed"," 8.39% 74.924 4 Template:Navbox"," 7.96% 71.151 1 Template:Motorsport"," 6.89% 61.584 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.83% 52.067 39 Template:Category_handler"," 5.30% 47.357 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.476","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8480182,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-786d8bd985-7qjhm","timestamp":"20250216051519","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Rallying","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rallying","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7856","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7856","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-02T05:27:57Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T05:15:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6a\/Petter_Solberg_-_2006_Cyprus_Rally.jpg","headline":"discipline of motorsport where competitors follow an itinerary often including motoring tests of skill or speed"}</script> </body> </html>